{"rows":[{"id":1390,"title":"Assessing the risk of symptom worsening in psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.","normalized_title":"assessing the risk of symptom worsening in psilocybin assisted therapy for depression a systematic review and individual participant data meta analysis","authors":"Simonsson O, Carlbring P, Carhart-Harris R, Davis AK, Nutt DJ, Griffiths RR, Erritzoe D, Goldberg SB.","abstract":"We conducted a meta-analysis using individual participant data from three, two-dose psilocybin trials for depression (N = 102) with the aim of assessing the risk of symptom worsening. Clinically significant symptom worsening occurred for a minority of participants in the psilocybin and escitalopram conditions (∼10%) and for a majority of participants in the waitlist condition (63.6%). Using data from the two trials with control arms, the psilocybin arm showed a lower likelihood of symptom worsening versus waitlist, and no difference in the likelihood of symptom worsening versus escitalopram. The limitation of a relatively small sample size should be addressed in future studies.","journal":null,"publication_date":"2023-07-22","publication_year":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115349","pubmed_id":"37523886","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115349","keywords":"Humans, Hallucinogens, Sample Size, Depression, Symptom Flare Up, Psilocybin, Escitalopram","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:01","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37523886\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety","study_type":"Meta-Analysis","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":3793,"title":"Naturalistic Psilocybin Use Increases Mind Perception but not Atheist-Believer status: A Prospective Longitudinal Study","normalized_title":"naturalistic psilocybin use increases mind perception but not atheist believer status a prospective longitudinal study","authors":"Nayak SM, White S, Hilbert S, Lowe MX, Jackson H, Griffiths RR, Garcia-Romeu A, Yaden DB.","abstract":"Recent studies suggest psychedelic use may be associated with changes in a variety of beliefs or belief-like states, including increased 1) mind perception, 2) non-naturalistic beliefs, and 3) Atheist-Believer status (e.g., believer, agnostic, or non-believer). We conducted a prospective longitudinal study among participants (N = 657) who planned to have a psychedelic experience. We asked participants about their beliefs concerning mind perception of various entities, specific metaphysical positions, and Atheist-Believer status both before and after their experience. Replicating previous findings, we observed increases in mind perception across a variety of living and non-living targets (e.g., plants, animals). However, we found little to no change in metaphysical beliefs (e.g., dualism) or Atheist-Believer status. Taken together, these findings contrast with those from cross-sectional studies that psychedelic experiences result in changes to Atheist-Believer status and non-naturalistic beliefs but support the relevance of mind perception and mentalization.","journal":"PsyArXiv","publication_date":"2023-06-08","publication_year":2023,"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/auycp","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/auycp","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PsyArXiv","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:10:22","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:05","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR673873\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"General","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"preprint","openalex_id":null},{"id":3359,"title":"Naturalistic Psilocybin Use Increases Mind Perception but not Atheist-Believer status: A Prospective Longitudinal Study","normalized_title":"naturalistic psilocybin use increases mind perception but not atheist believer status a prospective longitudinal study","authors":"Nayak SM, White SH, Hilbert S, Lowe MX, Jackson H, Griffiths RR, Garcia-Romeu A, Yaden DB.","abstract":"Recent studies suggest psychedelic use may be associated with changes in a variety of beliefs or belief-like states, including increased 1) mind perception, 2) non-naturalistic beliefs, and 3) Atheist-Believer status (e.g., believer, agnostic, or non-believer). We conducted a prospective longitudinal study among participants (N = 657) who planned to have a psychedelic experience. We asked participants about their beliefs concerning mind perception of various entities, specific metaphysical positions, and Atheist-Believer status both before and after their experience. Replicating previous findings, we observed increases in mind perception across a variety of living and non-living targets (e.g., plants, animals). However, we found little to no change in metaphysical beliefs (e.g., dualism) or Atheist-Believer status. Taken together, these findings contrast with those from cross-sectional studies that psychedelic experiences result in changes to Atheist-Believer status and non-naturalistic beliefs but support the relevance of mind perception and mentalization.","journal":"PsyArXiv","publication_date":"2023-06-08","publication_year":2023,"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/auycp_v1","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/auycp_v1","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PsyArXiv","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:03:51","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:05","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1036094\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"General","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"preprint","openalex_id":null},{"id":1447,"title":"Corrigendum to 'Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity': Neuroimage 2022 Oct 15;260:119434.","normalized_title":"corrigendum to psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity neuroimage 2022 oct 15 260 119434","authors":"Gaddis A, Lidstone DE, Nebel MB, Griffiths RR, Mostofsky SH, Mejia AF, Barrett FS.","abstract":"","journal":null,"publication_date":"2023-05-03","publication_year":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120130","pubmed_id":"37148779","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120130","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:05","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37148779\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"General","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1627,"title":"Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy for People with Eating Disorders.","normalized_title":"psychedelic assisted therapy for people with eating disorders","authors":"Gukasyan N, Schreyer CC, Griffiths RR, Guarda AS","abstract":"A growing body of research suggests psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may be safe and effective for a variety of mental health conditions. Among these, eating disorders have been a recent target of interest. This review provides an up-to-date summary of the potential mechanisms and use of PAT in people diagnosed with eating disorders, with a focus on anorexia nervosa. Classic psychedelics may have transdiagnostic efficacy through several mechanisms relevant to eating disorder pathology. Interest in, and efforts to increase access to PAT are both high. Early clinical trials are focused on establishing the safety and utility of this treatment in eating disorders, and efficacy remains unclear. High-quality published data to support the use of PAT for people with eating disorders remains lacking. Recent studies however suggest PAT has the potential to augment the efficacy of current interventions for these difficult-to-treat conditions.","journal":"Current psychiatry reports","publication_date":"2022-11-30","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s11920-022-01394-5","pubmed_id":"36374357","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36374357/","keywords":"Anorexia nervosa, Eating disorders, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Serotonin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:38","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"36374357\"}","topic_tags":"Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":3756,"title":"Serotonergic antidepressant use is associated with weaker psilocybin effects","normalized_title":"serotonergic antidepressant use is associated with weaker psilocybin effects","authors":"Gukasyan N, Griffiths RR, Yaden DB, Antoine D, Nayak SM.","abstract":"Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data suggests that psilocybin’s effects may be diminished by serotonergic antidepressants acutely and even after a medication washout period. Aims: To learn the extent to which serotonergic antidepressants may diminish psilocybin’s effects both concurrently and after discontinuation of antidepressants. Methods: Online survey of individuals with use of psilocybin 1) with an antidepressant and/or 2) within two years of discontinuing an antidepressant. Participants who took psilocybin with an antidepressant and either took the same dose of psilocybin pre-antidepressant or took the same dose with other people not on antidepressant reported the strength of psilocybin’s effect relative to their expectation. Participants who took psilocybin following discontinuation of a serotonergic antidepressant also reported the presence of weakened effects. Results: In reports (n=595) of taking psilocybin with an antidepressant, probabilities [95% CI] of weaker than expected psilocybin effects were 0.48 [0.41-0.54] (SSRIs), 0.56 [0.44-0.67] (SNRIs) and 0.29 [0.2-0.39] (bupropion). Following serotonergic antidepressant discontinuation (n=1,542 reports), the odds of reduced psilocybin effects were not significantly different from the earliest post-discontinuation timepoint (within 1 week) until 3-6 months OR = 0.42, 95% [0.25-0.72] p = 0.001. Conclusions: Serotonergic antidepressants appear to weaken psilocybin’s effects relative to a non-serotonergic antidepressant. This dampening effect on psilocybin effects may last as long as 3 months following antidepressant discontinuation.","journal":"PsyArXiv","publication_date":"2022-10-27","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/2zys9","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2zys9","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PsyArXiv","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:10:19","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:01","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR564597\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Observational Study","study_type":"Observational Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"preprint","openalex_id":null},{"id":1710,"title":"Comparison of psychedelic and near-death or other non-ordinary experiences in changing attitudes about death and dying.","normalized_title":"comparison of psychedelic and near death or other non ordinary experiences in changing attitudes about death and dying","authors":"Sweeney MM, Nayak S, Hurwitz ES, Mitchell LN, Swift TC, Griffiths RR.","abstract":"Both psychedelic drug experiences and near-death experiences can occasion changes in perspectives on death and dying, but there have been few direct comparisons of these phenomena. This study directly compared psychedelic occasioned and non-drug experiences which altered individuals' beliefs about death. Individuals who reported an experience that altered their beliefs about death occasioned by either a psychedelic drug or a near-death or other non-ordinary experience completed an online survey. Circumstances of the experience, mystical and near-death subjective features, changes in attitudes about death, and other persisting effects were evaluated. The study sample (n = 3192) included five groups: non-drug near-death or other non-ordinary experiences (n = 933), and drug experiences occasioned by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (n = 904), psilocybin (n = 766), ayahuasca (n = 282), or N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (n = 307). Analyses of differences in experiences were adjusted statistically for demographic differences between groups. Compared to the psychedelic groups, the non-drug group was more likely to report being unconscious, clinically dead, and that their life was in imminent danger. The groups were remarkably similar in the reported changes in death attitudes attributed to the experience, including a reduced fear of death and high ratings of positive persisting effects and personal meaning, spiritual significance, and psychological insight. Although both psychedelic and non-drug participants showed robust increases on standardized measures of mystical and near-death experiences, these measures were significantly greater in the psychedelic participants. Non-drug participants were more likely to rate their experiences as the single most meaningful of their lives. Comparing across psychedelic substances, ayahuasca and DMT groups tended report stronger and more positive enduring consequences of the experience than the psilocybin and LSD groups, which were largely indistinguishable. These data provide a detailed characterization and comparison of psychedelic occasioned and non-drug experiences that changed attitudes about death and suggest the importance of future prospective psychedelic administration studies.","journal":"PLoS ONE","publication_date":"2022-08-23","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0271926","pubmed_id":"36001643","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271926","keywords":"Humans, Banisteriopsis, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Phobic Disorders, Psilocybin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:37","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36001643\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293101934\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293101934\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":60,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1496545621\",\"https://openalex.org/W1555807473\",\"https://openalex.org/W1849760686\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897975986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011119951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049105730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064822410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077803993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085185407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141307719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146797989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2568541401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790261613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887016029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898717395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899609131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900056676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900445331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911924713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974625540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991390907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991926272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005896034\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012354707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018943978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033052133\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108732817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247582466\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052736051\",\"display_name\":\"Mary M. Sweeney\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6931-4321\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003785730\",\"display_name\":\"Ethan Hurwitz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058310363\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa N. Mitchell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-1244\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002580794\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Cody Swift\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271926\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Observational Study","study_type":"Observational Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4293101934"},{"id":1650,"title":"Psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment research for new drug applications and Controlled Substances Act scheduling.","normalized_title":"psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment research for new drug applications and controlled substances act scheduling","authors":"Henningfield JE, Coe MA, Griffiths RR, Belouin SJ, Berger A, Coker AR, Comer SD, Heal DJ, Hendricks PS, Nichols CD, Sapienza F, Vocci FJ, Zia FZ.","abstract":"New medicines containing classic hallucinogenic and entactogenic psychedelic substance are under development for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Many of these, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are Schedule I controlled substances of the United States Controlled Substances Act (US CSA), and similarly controlled globally. The implications of the CSA for research and medicines development, the path to approval of medicines, and their subsequent removal from Schedule I in the US are discussed. This entire process occurs within the framework of the CSA in the US and its counterparts internationally in accordance with international drug control treaties. Abuse potential related research in the US informs the eight factors of the CSA which provide the basis for rescheduling actions that must occur upon approval of a drug that contains a Schedule I substance. Abuse-related research also informs drug product labeling and the risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) will likely be required for approved medicines. Human abuse potential studies typically employed in CNS drug development may be problematic for substances with strong hallucinogenic effects such as psilocybin, and alternative strategies are discussed. Implications for research, medicinal development, and controlled substance scheduling are presented in the context of the US CSA and FDA requirements with implications for global regulation. We also discuss how abuse-related research can contribute to understanding mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects as well as the totality of the effects of the drugs on the brain, behavior, mood, and the constructs of spirituality and consciousness.","journal":null,"publication_date":"2022-08-16","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109220","pubmed_id":"35987353","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109220","keywords":"Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, United States, Controlled Substances, Psilocybin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:05","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35987353\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Mechanism of Action,Consciousness,Spirituality,Safety","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1658,"title":"Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity.","normalized_title":"psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity","authors":"Gaddis A, Lidstone DE, Nebel MB, Griffiths RR, Mostofsky SH, Mejia AF, Barrett FS.","abstract":"BackgroundClassic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, and other serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists evoke acute alterations in perception and cognition. Altered thalamocortical connectivity has been hypothesized to underlie these effects, which is supported by some functional MRI (fMRI) studies. These studies have treated the thalamus as a unitary structure, despite known differential 5-HT2AR expression and functional specificity of different intrathalamic nuclei. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been previously used to identify reliable group-level functional subdivisions of the thalamus from resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data. We build on these efforts with a novel data-maximizing ICA-based approach to examine psilocybin-induced changes in intrathalamic functional organization and thalamocortical connectivity in individual participants.MethodsBaseline rsfMRI data (n=38) from healthy individuals with a long-term meditation practice was utilized to generate a statistical template of thalamic functional subdivisions. This template was then applied in a novel ICA-based analysis of the acute effects of psilocybin on intra- and extra-thalamic functional organization and connectivity in follow-up scans from a subset of the same individuals (n=18). We examined correlations with subjective reports of drug effect and compared with a previously reported analytic approach (treating the thalamus as a single functional unit).ResultsSeveral intrathalamic components showed significant psilocybin-induced alterations in spatial organization, with effects of psilocybin largely localized to the mediodorsal and pulvinar nuclei. The magnitude of changes in individual participants correlated with reported subjective effects. These components demonstrated predominant decreases in thalamocortical connectivity, largely with visual and default mode networks. Analysis in which the thalamus is treated as a singular unitary structure showed an overall numerical increase in thalamocortical connectivity, consistent with previous literature using this approach, but this increase did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWe utilized a novel analytic approach to discover psilocybin-induced changes in intra- and extra-thalamic functional organization and connectivity of intrathalamic nuclei and cortical networks known to express the 5-HT2AR. These changes were not observed using whole-thalamus analyses, suggesting that psilocybin may cause widespread but modest increases in thalamocortical connectivity that are offset by strong focal decreases in functionally relevant intrathalamic nuclei.","journal":"NeuroImage","publication_date":"2022-07-01","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119434","pubmed_id":"35792293","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119434","keywords":"Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex, Neural Pathways, Humans, Serotonin, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Rest, Psilocybin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:37","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35792293\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4283768889\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4283768889\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":37,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963781350\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972328487\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978694642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980151324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985327120\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997812584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017237202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017573281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055655674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090664364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091177453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101135654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107411892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120836623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738849673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2758789655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760291954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890356717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899890309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944339144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971601581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972959563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981635040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994753895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026536334\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046391612\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049192188\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091722552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110990374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134702649\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209545233\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210459991\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225144612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321760707\",\"https://openalex.org/W6730244987\",\"https://openalex.org/W6805395898\",\"https://openalex.org/W6810527906\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023659704\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Gaddis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-3726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005271512\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel E. Lidstone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-3790\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057324811\",\"display_name\":\"Mary Beth Nebel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-3382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025787531\",\"display_name\":\"Stewart H. Mostofsky\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-2411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062906939\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda F. Mejia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-8974\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113976793\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119434\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4283768889"},{"id":3398,"title":"Unique Effects of Sedatives, Dissociatives, Psychedelics, Stimulants, and Cannabinoids on Episodic Memory: A Review and Reanalysis of Acute Drug Effects on Recollection, Familiarity, and Metamemory","normalized_title":"unique effects of sedatives dissociatives psychedelics stimulants and cannabinoids on episodic memory a review and reanalysis of acute drug effects on recollection familiarity and metamemory","authors":"Doss MK, Samaha J, Barrett FS, Griffiths RR, de Wit H, Gallo DA, Koen JD.","abstract":"Despite distinct classes of psychoactive drugs producing putatively unique states of consciousness, there is surprising overlap in terms of their effects on episodic memory and cognition more generally. Episodic memory is supported by multiple subprocesses that have been mostly overlooked in psychopharmacology and could differentiate drug classes. Here, we reanalyzed episodic memory confidence data from 10 previously published datasets (28 drug conditions total) using signal detection models to estimate 2 conscious states involved in episodic memory and 1 consciously-controlled metacognitive process of memory: the retrieval of specific details from one’s past (recollection), noetic recognition in the absence of retrieved details (familiarity), and accurate introspection of memory decisions (metamemory). We observed that sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids had unique patterns of effects on these mnemonic processes dependent on which phase of memory (encoding, consolidation, or retrieval) was targeted. All drugs at encoding except stimulants impaired recollection, and sedatives, dissociatives, and cannabinoids at encoding impaired familiarity. The effects of sedatives on metamemory were mixed, whereas dissociatives and cannabinoids at encoding tended to enhance metamemory. Surprisingly, psychedelics at encoding tended to enhance familiarity and did not impact metamemory. Stimulants at encoding and retrieval enhanced metamemory, but at consolidation, they impaired metamemory. Together, these findings may have relevance to mechanisms underlying unique subjective phenomena under different drug classes, such as blackouts from sedatives or déjà vu from psychedelics. This study provides a framework for interrogating drug effects within a domain of cognition beyond the global impairments on task performance typically reported in psychopharmacology. Public significance statement This systematic review and reanalysis of several datasets indicate that sedatives (alcohol, zolpidem, triazolam), dissociatives (ketamine, dextromethorphan), psychedelics (psilocybin, MDMA), stimulants (dextroamphetamine, dextromethamphetamine), and cannabinoids (THC) can each have idiosyncratic effects on episodic memory, differentially impairing certain mnemonic processes while sparing or even facilitating others. Such findings inform how different drugs can produce unique subjective phenomena and provide a framework for future work to differentiate the effects of psychoactive drugs within a domain of cognition.","journal":"bioRxiv","publication_date":"2022-05-23","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1101/2022.05.20.492842","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.20.492842","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"bioRxiv","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:03:52","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:06","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR496762\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Consciousness,Systematic Review,Review Article","study_type":"Systematic Review","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"preprint","openalex_id":null},{"id":1794,"title":"Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits.","normalized_title":"models of psychedelic drug action modulation of cortical subcortical circuits","authors":"Doss MK, Madden MB, Gaddis A, Nebel MB, Griffiths RR, Mathur BN, Barrett FS.","abstract":"Classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recaptured the imagination of both science and popular culture, and may have efficacy in treating a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Human and animal studies of psychedelic drug action in the brain have demonstrated the involvement of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor and the cerebral cortex in acute psychedelic drug action, but different models have evolved to try to explain the impact of 5-HT2A activation on neural systems. Two prominent models of psychedelic drug action (the cortico-striatal thalamo-cortical, or CSTC, model and relaxed beliefs under psychedelics, or REBUS, model) have emphasized the role of different subcortical structures as crucial in mediating psychedelic drug effects. We describe these models and discuss gaps in knowledge, inconsistencies in the literature and extensions of both models. We then introduce a third circuit-level model involving the claustrum, a thin strip of grey matter between the insula and the external capsule that densely expresses 5-HT2A receptors (the cortico-claustro-cortical, or CCC, model). In this model, we propose that the claustrum entrains canonical cortical network states, and that psychedelic drugs disrupt 5-HT2A-mediated network coupling between the claustrum and the cortex, leading to attenuation of canonical cortical networks during psychedelic drug effects. Together, these three models may explain many phenomena of the psychedelic experience, and using this framework, future research may help to delineate the functional specificity of each circuit to the action of both serotonergic and non-serotonergic hallucinogens.","journal":"Brain","publication_date":"2022-03-31","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1093/brain/awab406","pubmed_id":"34897383","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab406","keywords":"Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:38","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34897383\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":196,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W104059927\",\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1580041071\",\"https://openalex.org/W1779991491\",\"https://openalex.org/W1783354124\",\"https://openalex.org/W1841190780\",\"https://openalex.org/W1872197089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1892007330\",\"https://openalex.org/W1914275515\",\"https://openalex.org/W1952601298\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964124100\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969391883\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969855549\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971459727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971853010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972173071\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977047043\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977268054\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979267292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980721637\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986938874\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990859989\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991974510\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997812584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000082084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002081925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004109806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004118916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004486666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005208637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005291990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005886801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006900274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016476517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016914301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019656624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020491332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023839383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025293658\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028985501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032847834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034951640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038244455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043678991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045346664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054675346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060616948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065292719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066049912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066481312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068063159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071464244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074726570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075331040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081452182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085530639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089327973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092016283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095568920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106567446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110978892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111911706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114461993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120836623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121148760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135176444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135616701\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140172277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142875089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143836515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144846363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147271251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147546041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148208755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149095485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156618447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162501988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162816531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163830705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167295928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169097373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169268349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2187119052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2212776331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285903269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306810735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2317325433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322821209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337964085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403073565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403547050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515280853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2524362044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537627674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2548043919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587747611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624100641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749659487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760207472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760291954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761856500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885746909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886763750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886911869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890356717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892061340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892801584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903257354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927836703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949522380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950944353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952257365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963447593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971601581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972959563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991342487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023510342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049516695\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082077347\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090010637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093454394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3130459257\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134702649\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214953342\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239438238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241221200\",\"https://openalex.org/W6650362018\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084261335\",\"display_name\":\"Manoj K. Doss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-2522\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086561787\",\"display_name\":\"Maxwell B. Madden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-986X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023659704\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Gaddis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-3726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057324811\",\"display_name\":\"Mary Beth Nebel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-3382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026298510\",\"display_name\":\"Brian N. Mathur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-8625\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113976793\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S118357697\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab406\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Receptor Pharmacology","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4200471428"},{"id":1827,"title":"Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up.","normalized_title":"efficacy and safety of psilocybin assisted treatment for major depressive disorder prospective 12 month follow up","authors":"Gukasyan N, Davis AK, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Sepeda ND, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.","abstract":"BackgroundPreliminary data suggest that psilocybin-assisted treatment produces substantial and rapid antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about long-term outcomes.AimsThis study sought to examine the efficacy and safety of psilocybin through 12 months in participants with moderate to severe MDD who received psilocybin.MethodsThis randomized, waiting-list controlled study enrolled 27 patients aged 21-75 with moderate to severe unipolar depression (GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD) ⩾ 17). Participants were randomized to an immediate or delayed (8 weeks) treatment condition in which they received two doses of psilocybin with supportive psychotherapy. Twenty-four participants completed both psilocybin sessions and were followed through 12 months following their second dose.ResultsAll 24 participants attended all follow-up visits through the 12-month timepoint. Large decreases from baseline in GRID-HAMD scores were observed at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (Cohen d = 2.3, 2.0, 2.6, and 2.4, respectively). Treatment response (⩾50% reduction in GRID-HAMD score from baseline) and remission were 75% and 58%, respectively, at 12 months. There were no serious adverse events judged to be related to psilocybin in the long-term follow-up period, and no participants reported psilocybin use outside of the context of the study. Participant ratings of personal meaning, spiritual experience, and mystical experience after sessions predicted increased well-being at 12 months, but did not predict improvement in depression.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the substantial antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy may be durable at least through 12 months following acute intervention in some patients.","journal":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-01-31","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1177/02698811211073759","pubmed_id":"35166158","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073759","keywords":"Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Time Factors, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:38","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35166158\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":417,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W78677904\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987450364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031002884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073441573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084315798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116416511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135665329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149402043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149799843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152690559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2289004134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418769740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2566701931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891256775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912654919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971894339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005582604\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020940623\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033752070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137976016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236038590\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025469924\",\"display_name\":\"Mary P Cosimano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073759\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Safety,Adverse Events","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4212903385"},{"id":1833,"title":"Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation.","normalized_title":"human cortical serotonin 2a receptor occupancy by psilocybin measured using 11c mdl100 907 dynamic pet and a resting state fmri based brain parcellation","authors":"Barrett FS, Zhou Y, Carbonaro TM, Roberts JM, Smith GS, Griffiths RR, Wong DF.","abstract":"Psilocybin (a serotonin 2A, or 5-HT2A, receptor agonist) has shown preliminary efficacy as a treatment for mood and substance use disorders. The current report utilized positron emission tomography (PET) with the selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist radioligand [11C]MDL100,907 (a.k.a. M100,907) and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) derived from resting-state functional connectivity-based brain parcellations in 4 healthy volunteers (2 females) to determine regional occupancy/target engagement of 5-HT2A receptors after oral administration of a psychoactive dose of psilocybin (10 mg/70 kg). Average 5-HT2A receptor occupancy across all ROIs was 39.5% (± 10.9% SD). Three of the ROIs with greatest occupancy (between 63.12 and 74.72% occupancy) were within the default mode network (subgenual anterior cingulate and bilateral angular gyri). However, marked individual variability in regional occupancy was observed across individuals. These data support further investigation of the relationship between individual differences in the acute and enduring effects of psilocybin and the degree of regional 5-HT2A receptor occupancy.","journal":"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics","publication_date":"2022-01-19","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fnrgo.2021.784576","pubmed_id":"38235248","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.784576","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:38","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38235248\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1538842286\",\"https://openalex.org/W1573881046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1822227732\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981862550\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982408943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982522250\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984345885\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003090874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019400297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021986306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027461536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030902100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044492513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075468186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076563125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079266000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087877032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112278807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112596612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119078954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122457251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137454840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337964085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342939947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735928575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760207472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761856500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230920194\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638496121\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022422213\",\"display_name\":\"Yun Zhou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-0275\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109118233\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua Roberts\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2533-2617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007203242\",\"display_name\":\"Gwenn S. Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-5440\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000122559\",\"display_name\":\"Dean F. Wong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-8367\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210224930\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.784576\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Addiction,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Healthy Volunteers","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4206591786"},{"id":1851,"title":"The Potential of Psychedelics for End of Life and Palliative Care.","normalized_title":"the potential of psychedelics for end of life and palliative care","authors":"Yaden DB, Nayak SM, Gukasyan N, Anderson BT, Griffiths RR","abstract":"End of life and palliative care has improved in recent decades but the psychopharmacological options available to clinicians and patients in these contexts remain limited. In particular, psychological factors such as depression, existential distress, and well-being remain challenging to address with current medications. Here, we review recent research on the use of psychedelics in clinical settings with a particular focus on patients with life-threatening diagnoses. We propose that psychedelics may provide clinicians with an additional psychopharmacological treatment in the context of end of life and palliative care.","journal":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences","publication_date":"2021-12-31","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.1007/7854_2021_278","pubmed_id":"34958455","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34958455/","keywords":"End of Life, Palliative care, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Psychiatry","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:39","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"34958455\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,End-of-Life Distress,Wellbeing,Review Article,Healthcare Workers","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1888,"title":"Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder.","normalized_title":"psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder","authors":"Doss MK, Považan M, Rosenberg MD, Sepeda ND, Davis AK, Finan PH, Smith GS, Pekar JJ, Barker PB, Griffiths RR, Barrett FS.","abstract":"Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of mood disorders, which are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction including cognitive rigidity. Recent studies have proposed neuropsychoplastogenic effects as mechanisms underlying the enduring therapeutic effects of psilocybin. In an open-label study of 24 patients with major depressive disorder, we tested the enduring effects of psilocybin therapy on cognitive flexibility (perseverative errors on a set-shifting task), neural flexibility (dynamics of functional connectivity or dFC via functional magnetic resonance imaging), and neurometabolite concentrations (via magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in brain regions supporting cognitive flexibility and implicated in acute psilocybin effects (e.g., the anterior cingulate cortex, or ACC). Psilocybin therapy increased cognitive flexibility for at least 4 weeks post-treatment, though these improvements were not correlated with the previously reported antidepressant effects. One week after psilocybin therapy, glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations were decreased in the ACC, and dFC was increased between the ACC and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Surprisingly, greater increases in dFC between the ACC and PCC were associated with less improvement in cognitive flexibility after psilocybin therapy. Connectome-based predictive modeling demonstrated that baseline dFC emanating from the ACC predicted improvements in cognitive flexibility. In these models, greater baseline dFC was associated with better baseline cognitive flexibility but less improvement in cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest a nuanced relationship between cognitive and neural flexibility. Whereas some enduring increases in neural dynamics may allow for shifting out of a maladaptively rigid state, larger persisting increases in neural dynamics may be of less benefit to psilocybin therapy.","journal":"Translational Psychiatry","publication_date":"2021-11-07","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.1038/s41398-021-01706-y","pubmed_id":"34750350","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01706-y","keywords":"Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:06","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:38","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34750350\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":341,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1524375783\",\"https://openalex.org/W1601302239\",\"https://openalex.org/W1730237872\",\"https://openalex.org/W1817577914\",\"https://openalex.org/W1920890253\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965965542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971459727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978420745\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007318901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007894316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008379245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016400778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019054631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027568409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030962294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035060095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054085091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066863661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067535960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074446477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089572795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090419097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093220018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105031232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140172277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150037324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151445399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158753448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2174056659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279193171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409807130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2470022375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2486004373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2486286126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519704068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2527388212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537627674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587272693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604485039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2625353282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2733595594\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738849673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767241173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789158133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799373761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894886297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902785078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903449135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912942135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922249583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2931582381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966049677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972959563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004765795\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005362496\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014803974\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022076523\",\"https://openalex.org/W3030970353\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043886340\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044358615\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049516695\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081435445\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090010637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090852378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092556648\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125664918\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128518091\",\"https://openalex.org/W3130459257\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132931913\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133363512\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153485928\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084261335\",\"display_name\":\"Manoj K. Doss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-2522\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070371036\",\"display_name\":\"Michal Považan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-5162\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031168514\",\"display_name\":\"Monica D. Rosenberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-4025\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063337848\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick H. Finan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-4801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007203242\",\"display_name\":\"Gwenn S. Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-5440\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074044378\",\"display_name\":\"James J. Pekar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-0655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012087640\",\"display_name\":\"Peter B. Barker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-7793\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01706-y\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Aging","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3213458191"},{"id":2128,"title":"Psychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations, and Opportunities.","normalized_title":"psychedelics and consciousness distinctions demarcations and opportunities","authors":"Yaden DB, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Doss MK, Garcia-Romeu A, Nayak S, Gukasyan N, Mathur BN, Barrett FS","abstract":"Psychedelic substances produce unusual and compelling changes in conscious experience that have prompted some to propose that psychedelics may provide unique insights explaining the nature of consciousness. At present, psychedelics, like other current scientific tools and methods, seem unlikely to provide information relevant to the so-called \"hard problem of consciousness,\" which involves explaining how first-person experience can emerge. However, psychedelics bear on multiple \"easy problems of consciousness,\" which involve relations between subjectivity, brain function, and behavior. In this review, we discuss common meanings of the term \"consciousness\" when used with regard to psychedelics and consider some models of the effects of psychedelics on the brain that have also been associated with explanatory claims about consciousness. We conclude by calling for epistemic humility regarding the potential for psychedelic research to aid in explaining the hard problem of consciousness while pointing to ways in which psychedelics may advance the study of many specific aspects of consciousness.","journal":"The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology","publication_date":"2021-08-19","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.1093/ijnp/pyab026","pubmed_id":"33987652","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33987652/","keywords":"Altered states of consciousness, LSD, consciousness, psilocybin, psychedelics","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:54:14","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:39","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"33987652\"}","topic_tags":"Consciousness,Review Article","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1911,"title":"Classic Psychedelic Coadministration with Lithium, but Not Lamotrigine, is Associated with Seizures: An Analysis of Online Psychedelic Experience Reports.","normalized_title":"classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium but not lamotrigine is associated with seizures an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports","authors":"Nayak SM, Gukasyan N, Barrett FS, Erowid E, Erowid F, Griffiths RR.","abstract":"IntroductionPsychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from recent psychedelic trials. There is limited information on the use of classic psychedelics (e. g., LSD or psilocybin) in individuals using mood stabilizers to treat bipolar disorder. This is important to know, as individuals with bipolar depression may attempt to treat themselves with psychedelics while on a mood stabilizer, particularly given enthusiastic media reports of the efficacy of psilocybin for depression.MethodsThis study analyzed reports of classic psychedelics administered with mood stabilizers from 3 websites (Erowid.org, Shroomery.org, and Reddit.com).ResultsStrikingly, 47% of 62 lithium plus psychedelic reports involved seizures, and an additional 18% resulted in bad trips while none of 34 lamotrigine reports did. Further, 39% of lithium reports involved medical attention. Most of the lamotrigine reports (65%) but few (8%) of the lithium reports were judged to not affect the psychedelic experience.DiscussionAlthough further research is needed, we provisionally conclude that psychedelic use may pose a significant seizure risk for patients on lithium.","journal":"Pharmacopsychiatry","publication_date":"2021-08-03","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.1055/a-1524-2794","pubmed_id":"34348413","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1524-2794","keywords":"Humans, Seizures, Lithium, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin, Lamotrigine","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:06","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:38","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34348413\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":67,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W88552725\",\"https://openalex.org/W1498647569\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982691685\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988862462\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991938716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003490971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008038652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037449495\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053872398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058799830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066154390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078629064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084459551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085742802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099017168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108722273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111020576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134236426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138401704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161810494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2442863506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953498115\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211013640\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W6603534976\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072823665\",\"display_name\":\"Earth Erowid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071578213\",\"display_name\":\"Fire Erowid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1524-2794\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Safety","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3160183306"},{"id":2158,"title":"Errors in a Response Rate and in Effect Sizes in Study of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder.","normalized_title":"errors in a response rate and in effect sizes in study of psilocybin assisted therapy for major depressive disorder","authors":"Davis AK, Griffiths RR.","abstract":"","journal":null,"publication_date":"2021-04-30","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4638","pubmed_id":"33566073","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4638","keywords":"Humans, Treatment Outcome, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:54:14","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:06","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33566073\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":3370,"title":"Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium, but not lamotrigine, is associated with seizures: an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports","normalized_title":"classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium but not lamotrigine is associated with seizures an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports","authors":"Nayak S, Gukasyan N, Barrett FS, Erowid E, Erowid F, Griffiths RR.","abstract":"Introduction: Psychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from recent psychedelic trials. There is limited information on the use of classic psychedelics (e.g. LSD or psilocybin) in individuals using mood stabilizers to treat bipolar disorder. This is important to know as individuals with bipolar depression may attempt to treat themselves with psychedelics while on a mood stabilizer, particularly given enthusiastic media reports of the efficacy of psilocybin for depression. Methods: This study analyzed reports of classic psychedelics administered with mood stabilizers from three websites (Erowid.org, Shroomery.org, and Reddit.com). Results: Strikingly, 47% of 62 lithium plus psychedelic reports involved seizures and an additional 18% resulted in bad trips while none of 34 lamotrigine reports did. Further, 39% of lithium reports involved medical attention. Most of the lamotrigine reports (65%) but few (8%) of the lithium reports were judged to have no effect on the psychedelic experience. Discussion: Although further research is needed, we provisionally conclude that psychedelic use may pose a significant seizure risk for patients on lithium.","journal":"PsyArXiv","publication_date":"2021-02-23","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/r726d","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r726d","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PsyArXiv","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:03:51","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:05","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR322793\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Safety","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"preprint","openalex_id":null},{"id":2179,"title":"Optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy: Considering weight-adjusted and fixed dosing approaches.","normalized_title":"optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy considering weight adjusted and fixed dosing approaches","authors":"Garcia-Romeu A, Barrett FS, Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.","abstract":"BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic, is a safe and promising pharmacotherapy for treatment of mood and substance use disorders when administered as part of a structured intervention. In most trials to date, psilocybin dose has been administered on a weight-adjusted basis rather than the more convenient procedure of administering a fixed dose.AimsThe present post hoc analyses sought to determine whether the subjective effects of psilocybin are affected by body weight when psilocybin is administered on a weight-adjusted basis and when psilocybin is administered as a fixed dose.MethodsWe analyzed acute subjective drug effects (mystical, challenging, and intensity) associated with therapeutic outcomes from ten previous studies (total N = 288) in which psilocybin was administered in the range 20 to 30 mg/70 kg (inclusive). Separate multivariate regression analyses examined the relationships between demographic variables including body weight and subjective effects in participants receiving 20 mg/70 kg (n = 120), participants receiving 30 mg/70 kg (n = 182), and participants whose weight-adjusted dose was about 25 mg (to approximate the fixed dose that is currently being evaluated in registration trials for major depressive disorder) (n = 103).ResultsIn the 20 mg/70 kg and 30 mg/70 kg weight-adjusted groups, and in the fixed dose group, no significant associations were found between subjective effects and demographic variables including body weight or sex. Across a wide range of body weights (49 to 113 kg) the present results showed no evidence that body weight affected subjective effects of psilocybin.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the convenience and lower cost of administering psilocybin as a fixed dose outweigh any potential advantage of weight-adjusted dosing.","journal":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2021-02-19","publication_year":2021,"doi":"10.1177/0269881121991822","pubmed_id":"33611977","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121991822","keywords":"Humans, Neoplasms, Body Weight, Hallucinogens, Drug Monitoring, Treatment Outcome, Affect, Grief, Fear, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Mysticism, Adult, Female, Male, Drug Dosage Calculations, Self-Assessment, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Cigarette Smoking, Psychosocial Functioning, Major Depressive Disorder","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:54:14","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:38","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33611977\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":99,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1913957972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039148654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127234861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336455319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047238201\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296153573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298283550\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121991822\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3129221857"}],"total":50,"page":1,"per_page":20,"pages":3,"resource":"papers","filters":{"q":null,"author":"Griffiths RR","substances":["psilocybin","psilocin"],"topic":null,"study_type":null,"cited_doi":null,"sources":[],"publication_statuses":[],"year":null,"journal":null,"from":null,"to":null,"sort":"newest","page":1,"per_page":"20"}}