{"rows":[{"id":97,"title":"Psilocybin-induced neurocardiogenic syncope: a case report","normalized_title":"psilocybin induced neurocardiogenic syncope a case report","authors":"Mazen A. Atiq, Eli Weisman, Rodrigo B. Guerra, Luis Luna Martinez, David B. Yaden, Frederick S. Barrett, Sandeep Nayak, Ceyda Sayalı","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Psilocybin is among the serotonergic psychedelics closest to potential FDA approval, with growing evidence of therapeutic benefit across psychiatric conditions. As clinical trials expand, systematic characterization of adverse events (AEs) remains essential. While transient hypertensive responses are well documented, hypotensive events such as neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) are rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a healthy 35-year-old male enrolled in an open-label study investigating psilocybin-evoked changes in brain function during transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG). Approximately 60 minutes after receiving 25 mg oral psilocybin, and shortly after initiation of an eye-open resting-state EEG, he experienced prodromal lightheadedness followed by a brief loss of consciousness and postural tone. Immediate blood pressure was 93/51 mmHg with tachycardia and diaphoresis. Supportive measures, including leg elevation and oral hydration, led to rapid stabilization, and no further cardiovascular abnormalities occurred. The participant reported an emotionally intense experience, and contextual factors - including upright seated posture, restrictive EEG equipment, and anticipatory anxiety surrounding TMS - may have contributed to heightened autonomic arousal and susceptibility to NCS. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights a rare hypotensive AE during psilocybin administration and underscores the importance of vigilant cardiovascular monitoring, particularly during procedures that may amplify emotional arousal. Given that fewer than one-quarter of contemporary psychedelic trials report systematic AE assessment, transparent documentation of both hypertensive and hypotensive events is critical for defining psilocybin's safety profile as clinical applications expand. PARENT TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Label Psilocybin Brain Stimulation and Imaging Pilot Study; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06835699. Date registered: 02/13/2025. The parent-study consent form explicitly permits publication of de-identified participant data, and separate institutional approval for this case report was obtained (IRB00543773).","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2026-05-27","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-026-07079-8","pubmed_id":"42207275","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-026-07079-8","keywords":"Psilocybin, Medicine, Adverse effect, Anxiety, Anesthesia, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Clinical trial, Arousal, Electroencephalography, Psychology, Blood pressure, Tachycardia, Lightheadedness, Psychiatry, Bradycardia, Orthostatic vital signs, Depression (economics), Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Lamotrigine, Hallucinogen, Vasovagal syncope, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:31","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162662445\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162662445\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2104188272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159580288\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392242862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4416839507\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060369515\",\"display_name\":\"Mazen A. Atiq\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-480X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137214587\",\"display_name\":\"Eli Weisman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040974568\",\"display_name\":\"Rodrigo B. Guerra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9044-0457\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135659235\",\"display_name\":\"Luis Luna Martinez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137208332\",\"display_name\":\"David B. Yaden\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137283236\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137299515\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep Nayak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079100962\",\"display_name\":\"Ceyda Sayalı\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-5499\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-026-07079-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Case Report,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7162662445"},{"id":475,"title":"Daily self-assessment within a regimen of microdosing indicates enhanced psychological functioning on microdosing days relative to non-microdosing days.","normalized_title":"daily self assessment within a regimen of microdosing indicates enhanced psychological functioning on microdosing days relative to non microdosing days","authors":"St Pierre M, Argento E, Cates J, Kryskow P, Harvey K, Stamets P, Santos-Brault E, Paschall SA, Kuypers KPC, Rootman J, Walsh Z","abstract":"Repeated self-administration of small doses of psychedelics, known as microdosing, has been associated with perceived improvements in psychological functioning. However, few studies have examined effects at the daily level. Drawing on data from a naturalistic, prospective, international survey of adults who microdose (N = 1435), we assessed self-reported within-person changes between microdosing days and non-microdosing days across six domains of psychological functioning. Using multi-level modeling, we identified higher (p Given the observational and exploratory nature of this study, these findings should be interpreted with caution; nonetheless, the prospective data provides valuable real-time insights while reducing recall bias.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-10-10","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06913-9","pubmed_id":"41073618","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41073618/","keywords":"Citizen science, Mental health, Microdosing, Psilocybin, Psychedelics","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:35","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"41073618\"}","topic_tags":"Microdosing,Observational Study","study_type":"Observational Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":3713,"title":"Psychedelics and autobiographical memory - six open questions.","normalized_title":"psychedelics and autobiographical memory six open questions","authors":"Kangaslampi S, Lietz M","abstract":"Since the earliest LSD research, psychedelics have been claimed to enhance autobiographical memory. Revisiting and processing autobiographical memories has further been suggested to be a major component of the therapeutic action of psychedelics. However, modern psychedelic research has largely neglected autobiographical elements of psychedelic experiences, and many vital questions remain unanswered. We present and discuss six open questions related to psychedelics and autobiographical memory: (1) Do psychedelics enhance autobiographical recall? (2) Is recall and processing of significant autobiographical (e.g., traumatic) memories a common part of psychedelic experiences? (3) Do psychedelics promote the development of false or inaccurate memories? (4) How do autobiographical memories change if they are recalled and reconsolidated under the effects of psychedelics? (5) What are memories of psychedelic experiences like? (6) Are autobiographical experiences under psychedelics of particular importance for their therapeutic effects? We present the background and current limited state of evidence for each question and provide suggestions on how future studies could best address them. Besides advancing basic research, answering these pressing questions is highly relevant for the possible therapeutic use of psychedelics, both in terms of developing and optimizing new interventions and for avoiding iatrogenic harms. Ideally, future psychedelic-assisted interventions could harness the possible synergies between the effects of psychedelics and existing memory-based therapies.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-09-30","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06771-5","pubmed_id":"40095090","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40095090/","keywords":"Autobiographical memory, LSD, Psilocybin, Psychedelics","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:08:40","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:35","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"40095090\"}","topic_tags":"General","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":592,"title":"Motivation and retrospective appraisal of psychedelic study participation: a qualitative study in healthy volunteers.","normalized_title":"motivation and retrospective appraisal of psychedelic study participation a qualitative study in healthy volunteers","authors":"Ley L, Liechti ME, Becker AM, Straumann I, Klaiber A, Holze F, Vogt SB, Arikci D, Schmid Y","abstract":"Little is known about motives of healthy volunteers to participate in psychedelic trials and how they appraise their study experience retrospectively. This paper explored reasons why healthy people register for psychedelic trials, factors that they considered to contribute to either positive or negative study experiences, and under which circumstances they would seek a psychedelic experience again. This study used the data of 151 healthy volunteers who had ingested serotonergic psychedelics in one of six randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trials at the same research site under similar conditions. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The predominant motivations to participate in a trial were interest in psychedelics and an appealing setting. Expectations involved personal development and the occurrence of typical psychedelic effects. Hopes included transformative processes. The setting factors that promoted a positive experience were music and access to nature, whereas the sterile hospital environment was considered bothersome. Most participants valued the trusting relationship with their investigator. The most commonly criticized investigator characteristics were a perceived lack of support and investigator-induced psychological discomfort. Most participants considered their expectations exceeded and would take the study substances again, preferably in a setting in nature with friends. This paper identified four pivotal factors to be considered for psychedelic study experiences: (1) a secure interpersonal relationship, (2) an aesthetically pleasing environment, (3) access to nature, and (4) the use of music. This analysis reveals subjective views of volunteers in psychedelic Phase-I trials and may improve research standards.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-07-31","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06772-4","pubmed_id":"40140019","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40140019/","keywords":"Appraisal, Dimethyltryptamine, Healthy volunteers, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Mescaline, Motivation, Psilocybin, Psychedelics","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:35","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"40140019\"}","topic_tags":"Healthy Volunteers","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":640,"title":"Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties.","normalized_title":"disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties","authors":"Atiq MA, Baker MR, Voort JLV, Vargas MV, Choi DS","abstract":"Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating influence behind symptom resolution is thought to be the personal insight - at times, bordering on the mystical - one acquires during the acute phase of a psychedelic session. Indeed, current clinical trials have found strong correlations between the acute subjective effects (ASE) under the influence of psychedelics and their enduring therapeutic properties. However, with potential barriers to widespread clinical implementation, including the healthcare resource-intensive nature of psychedelic sessions and the exclusion of certain at-risk patient groups, there is an active search to determine whether ASE elimination can be accompanied by the retention of persisting therapeutic benefits of these class of compounds. Recognizing the aberrant underlying neural circuitry that characterizes a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and that classic psychedelics promote neuroplastic changes that may correct abnormal circuitry, investigators are rushing to design and discover compounds with psychoplastogenic, but not hallucinogenic (i.e., ASE), therapeutic potential. These efforts have paved the discovery of 'non-psychedelic/subjective psychedelics', or compounds that lack hallucinogenic activity but with therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. This review aims to distill the current evidence - both clinical and preclinical - surrounding the question: can the ASE of classic psychedelics be dissociated from their sustained therapeutic properties? Several plausible clinical scenarios are then proposed to offer clarity on and potentially answer this question.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-06-30","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06599-5","pubmed_id":"38743110","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38743110/","keywords":"5-HT2A, Acute subjective effects, Addiction, Classic psychedelics, Major depressive disorder, Neuropsychiatry, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Substance use disorder","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:35","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"38743110\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":685,"title":"Correction to: Unraveling psilocybin's therapeutic potential: behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar male rat models of treatment-resistant depression.","normalized_title":"correction to unraveling psilocybin s therapeutic potential behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in wistar kyoto and wistar male rat models of treatment resistant depression","authors":"Kolasa M, Nikiforuk A, Korlatowicz A, Solich J, Potasiewicz A, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Bugno R, Hogendorf A, Bojarski A, Faron-Górecka A","abstract":"","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-05-31","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06654-1","pubmed_id":"39030424","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39030424/","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:35","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"39030424\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Neuroplasticity,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression","study_type":"Animal Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":499,"title":"Psychedelic-like effects induced by 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in male and female C57BL/6J mice","normalized_title":"psychedelic like effects induced by 2 5 dimethoxy 4 iodoamphetamine lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in male and female c57bl 6j mice","authors":"Shelby A. McGriff, Jacquelin C Hecker, Alexander D. Maitland, John S. Partilla, Michael H. Baumann, Grant C. Glatfelter","abstract":"RATIONALE: The head twitch response (HTR) is a spontaneously occurring behavior in mice that is increased in frequency by serotonergic psychedelics. The mouse HTR is often used as a proxy for psychedelic-like drug effects, but limited information is available about sex differences in HTRs evoked by various classes of psychedelics (i.e., phenethylamines, lysergamides, tryptamines). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To examine potential sex differences in responsiveness to structurally-distinct psychedelics, acute effects of subcutaneous 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI, 0.03-10 mg/kg), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 0.003-1 mg/kg), and 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin, 0.03-10 mg/kg) on HTRs were compared in male and female C57BL/6J mice. For comparison, effects of the drugs on locomotor activity and body temperature were also determined. RESULTS: Drug potencies for inducing HTRs were similar in males and females for all drugs, with only LSD exhibiting detectable differences due to increased maximal counts in females. Importantly, the maximum number of HTRs observed for all drugs was higher in females, with significant differences between sexes for DOI and LSD. Dose x sex interactions for the dose-response data were statistically significant for psilocybin and LSD, with females displaying more HTRs after the highest or peak doses of all drugs. The acute effects of drugs on locomotion and temperature varied by drug, but were similar in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The present results overall show no substantial sex differences in the potencies to induce HTRs for DOI, LSD, and psilocybin in C57BL/6J mice. However, females uniformly displayed more HTRs at high doses administered across chemotypes. The results further suggest that commonly used doses of psychedelics induce comparable psychedelic-like effects in male and female C57BL/6J mice, but modest differences may emerge at high doses.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-05-15","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x","pubmed_id":"40381003","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x","keywords":"Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid, Psychology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Medicine, Psychiatry, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:33","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410466765\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410466765\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971737428\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013448136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021349846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026786579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042469037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056439165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059800315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060487112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061601865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081487441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085564728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090508525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097178480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120981694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136816138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146585068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2300741967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621905925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789541163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988260994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088264875\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165049600\",\"https://openalex.org/W3189055936\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212990475\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221013630\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246108751\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282982392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295789857\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308372082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311564573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387389328\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388233923\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391574526\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392809290\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396732522\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399917337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401862709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402238710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403242904\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405074416\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089357533\",\"display_name\":\"Shelby A. McGriff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-0127\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060987811\",\"display_name\":\"Jacquelin C Hecker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067841330\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander D. Maitland\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012476234\",\"display_name\":\"John S. Partilla\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions","study_type":"Animal Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4410466765"},{"id":760,"title":"Moderating factors in psilocybin-assisted treatment affecting mood and personality: A naturalistic, open-label investigation","normalized_title":"moderating factors in psilocybin assisted treatment affecting mood and personality a naturalistic open label investigation","authors":"Mona Irrmischer, Drew Puxty, Barış Onur Yıldırım, J.B. Deijen, Hessel Engelbregt","abstract":"RATIONALE: Psychedelic-assisted therapy is increasingly applied within mental health treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study focused on factors moderating changes in the acute and long-term effects of an individual psilocybin-assisted program on depression, anxiety, PTSD and personality structures by including demographic factors, subjective experience and degree of mystical type experiences during the dosing, as well as emotional breakthrough and personal growth after the program. METHODS: At baseline, 1 week and 3 months after the psilocybin program participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3). In addition, after the dosing the Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ-30), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI) were administered. Moderation effects were established using linear mixed-model analysis. RESULTS: A single high dose of psilocybin in combination with therapy was found to lower symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD and neuroticism over a period of 3-months. Scores on openness and conscientiousness increased after the treatment only. Participants reported mystical type experiences, emotional breakthrough and personal growth. These subjective experiences together with demographic factors were moderating the observed positive changes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that individual psilocybin-assisted therapy has the potential for beneficial effects on mood and personality characteristics. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of subjective experiences and demographic factors in moderating this effect. This study adds to the ongoing research on psilocybin-assisted therapy by investigating contributing factors for optimizing this evolving type of therapy.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2025-01-06","publication_year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06733-3","pubmed_id":"39775022","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06733-3","keywords":"Psilocybin, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Mood, Neuroticism, Moderation, Psychiatry, Irritability, Mental health, Personality, Hallucinogen, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:34","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406141686\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406141686\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1610612296\",\"https://openalex.org/W1923793693\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969348782\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985530497\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992663821\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001298144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025084014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033442056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056972145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087484885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093943230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098176425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098873622\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132322340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142635246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158532959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171603114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2302101266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2493928838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912125593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972546316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999812626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008349045\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107917596\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162733947\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185555630\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220790925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250218096\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378640469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390186718\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394886406\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085851336\",\"display_name\":\"Mona Irrmischer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-5035\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115799689\",\"display_name\":\"Drew Puxty\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Barış Onur Yıldırım\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013056424\",\"display_name\":\"J.B. Deijen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-6234\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045171386\",\"display_name\":\"Hessel Engelbregt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-696X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06733-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Toxicity","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4406141686"},{"id":909,"title":"Practical considerations in the establishment of psychedelic research programs.","normalized_title":"practical considerations in the establishment of psychedelic research programs","authors":"Barnett BS, Vest MF, Delatte MS, King Iv F, Mauney EE, Coulson AJ, Nayak SM, Hendricks PS, Greer GR, Murnane KS","abstract":"There is increasing interest in establishing psychedelic research programs at academic medical centers. However, psychedelics are intensely psychoactive, carry considerable sociopolitical baggage, and most are Schedule I drugs, creating significant potential impediments to implementation. There is little formal guidance for investigators on navigating the complex on-the-ground obstacles associated with establishing psychedelic research programs. This article provides recommendations that may be helpful to investigators seeking to work with psychedelics, with a focus on academic medical centers in the United States. The academic literature on relevant matters is reviewed, and the authors provide observations from their experiences either working for relevant regulatory agencies or conducting basic science studies, investigator-initiated trials, or industry sponsored trials with psychedelics. Investigators planning to conduct psychedelic research should cultivate broad institutional support early. Challenges related to securing funding, obtaining approval for an Investigational New Drug application from the Food and Drug Administration, clinical grade drug sourcing, obtaining a Schedule I researcher registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration and an equivalent state license (if required), preparing spaces for treatment and study drug storage, managing controlled substance inventory, engaging the local community, and other issues should be anticipated. Investigators should anticipate several implementation challenges when planning to work with psychedelics. However, these are likely surmountable with planning, persistence, and assistance from colleagues and other experts.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2024-12-31","publication_year":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06722-6","pubmed_id":"39627438","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39627438/","keywords":"Clinical research, Clinical trials, LSD, Psilocybin, Psychedelics","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:36","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"39627438\"}","topic_tags":"Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1065,"title":"Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: where is the psychotherapy research?","normalized_title":"psychedelic assisted psychotherapy where is the psychotherapy research","authors":"Aday JS, Horton D, Fernandes-Osterhold G, O'Donovan A, Bradley ER, Rosen RC, Woolley JD","abstract":"Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has emerged as a potential treatment for a variety of mental health conditions, including substance use disorders and depression. Current models of PAP emphasize the importance of psychotherapeutic support before, during, and after ingestion of a psychedelic to maximize safety and clinical benefit. Despite this ubiquitous assumption, there has been surprisingly little empirical investigation of the \"psychotherapy\" in PAP, leaving critical questions about the necessary and sufficient components of PAP unanswered. As clinical trials for psychedelic compounds continue the transition from safety- and feasibility-testing to evaluating efficacy, the role of the accompanying psychotherapy must be better understood to enhance scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying therapeutic change, optimize clinical outcomes, and inform cost-effectiveness. The present paper first reviews the current status of psychotherapy in the PAP literature, starting with recent debates regarding \"psychotherapy\" versus \"psychological support\" and then overviewing published clinical trial psychotherapy models and putative models informed by theory. We then delineate lessons that PAP researchers can leverage from traditional psychotherapy research regarding standardizing treatments (e.g., publish treatment manuals, establish eligibility criteria for providers), identifying mechanisms of change (e.g., measure established mechanisms in psychotherapy), and optimizing clinical trial designs (e.g., consider dismantling studies, comparative efficacy trials, and cross-lagged panel designs). Throughout this review, the need for increased research into the psychotherapeutic components of treatment in PAP is underscored. PAP is a distinct, integrative, and transdisciplinary intervention. Future research designs should consider transdisciplinary research methodologies to identify best practices and inform federal guidelines for PAP administration.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2024-07-31","publication_year":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06620-x","pubmed_id":"38782821","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38782821/","keywords":"Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy models, Review","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:36","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"38782821\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":638,"title":"Unraveling psilocybin’s therapeutic potential: behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar male rat models of treatment-resistant depression","normalized_title":"unraveling psilocybin s therapeutic potential behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in wistar kyoto and wistar male rat models of treatment resistant depression","authors":"Magdalena Kolasa, Agnieszka Nikiforuk, Agata Korlatowicz, Joanna Solich, Agnieszka Potasiewicz, Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska, Ryszard Bugno, Adam S. Hogendorf, Andrzej J. Bojarski, Agata Faron-Górecka","abstract":"RATIONALE: Our study aimed to unravel the unknown mechanisms behind the exceptional efficacy of Psilocybin (PSI) in treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Focusing on Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with a TRD phenotype and Wistar (WIS) rats as a normative comparison, we investigated behavioral and neuroplasticity-related responses to PSI, striving to shed light on the distinctive features of its antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVES: We set out to assess the behavioral impact of acute and prolonged PSI administration on WKY and WIS rats, employing Novel Object Recognition (NORT), Social Interaction (SI), and Forced Swimming Test (FST). Our secondary objectives involved exploring strain-specific alterations in neuroplasticity-related parameters, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). METHODS: Conducting post-acute and extended assessments after a single PSI administration, we applied behavioral tests and biochemical analyses to measure serum BDNF levels and neuroplasticity-related parameters in the prefrontal cortex. Statistical analyses were deployed to discern significant differences between the rat strains and assess the impact of PSI on behavioral and biochemical outcomes. RESULTS: Our findings uncovered significant behavioral disparities between WKY and WIS rats, indicating passive behavior and social withdrawal in the former. PSI demonstrated pronounced pro-social and antidepressant effects in both strains, each with its distinctive temporal trajectory. Notably, we identified strain-specific variations in BDNF-related signaling and observed the modulation of Arc expression in WKY rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our study delineated mood-related behavioral nuances between WKY and WIS rat strains, underscoring the antidepressant and pro-social properties of PSI in both groups. The distinct temporal patterns of observed changes and the identified strain-specific neuroplasticity alterations provide valuable insights into the TRD phenotype and the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of PSI.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2024-07-03","publication_year":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3","pubmed_id":"38963553","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3","keywords":"Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Depression (economics), Psychology, Neuroscience, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychopharmacology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Amygdala, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:04","last_checked":"2026-07-04 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Kolasa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2699\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022670452\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Nikiforuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-8348\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073055765\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Korlatowicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-3143\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069807940\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Solich\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-4263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060540666\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Potasiewicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-5637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089673359\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-7874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006523340\",\"display_name\":\"Ryszard Bugno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-674X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034604911\",\"display_name\":\"Adam S. Hogendorf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-3266\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025399512\",\"display_name\":\"Andrzej J. Bojarski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-6333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027636060\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Faron-Górecka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-190X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Drug Interactions","study_type":"Animal Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4400335852"},{"id":1067,"title":"Content analysis of Reddit posts about coadministration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psilocybin mushrooms","normalized_title":"content analysis of reddit posts about coadministration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psilocybin mushrooms","authors":"Kimberly Sakai, Ellen Bradley, Joseph A. 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Perederiy, Kyle Ambert, M Hausman, Viviana Trezza","abstract":"","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-12-04","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3","pubmed_id":"36469097","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3","keywords":"Fragile X syndrome, Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognition, Autism, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Personality Disorders and Psychopathology, Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:37","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310700160\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310700160\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":20,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W81784046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1893201598\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987832172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001215117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021925396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023122132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024192983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028003075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064533408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070615835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073466970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082152632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083534769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119744351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130497862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157912512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161765100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162775240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165143316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166329705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306323052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323051846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2462102436\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582621819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2656553103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749105458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749146127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759433538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768108307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800183981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810453228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889399987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889987209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895425245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909759903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2918299940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923019381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942558631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950095747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981690838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995660943\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001118513\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009715943\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082721315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084164707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085458292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087462486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210379385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210708461\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295988805\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296816736\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010050973\",\"display_name\":\"Valeria Buzzelli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-7405\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001361324\",\"display_name\":\"Emilia Carbone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-2838\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043422880\",\"display_name\":\"Antonia Manduca\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085969349\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Schiavi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-5010\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016124876\",\"display_name\":\"Alessandro Feo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2999-6782\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037642269\",\"display_name\":\"Julia V. Perederiy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087320896\",\"display_name\":\"Kyle Ambert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-4408\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008185450\",\"display_name\":\"M Hausman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010844563\",\"display_name\":\"Viviana Trezza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-6045\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3\",\"is_oa\":false}}","topic_tags":"Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Animal Study","study_type":"Animal Study","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4310700160"},{"id":1631,"title":"Set and setting in microdosing: an oft-overlooked principle.","normalized_title":"set and setting in microdosing an oft overlooked principle","authors":"Hartogsohn I, Petranker R","abstract":"The use of psychedelics for medical and recreational purposes is rising. Contextual factors such as expectancy, intention, and sensory and social environment (set and setting) are widely recognized as moderating the effects of these substances. Nevertheless, clinical trials of microdosing - the ingestion of small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelics - rarely report their set and setting. This fact suggests that such factors are not considered important in the context of microdosing. This paper challenges this assumption and makes the case for the crucial relevance of set and setting in microdosing practice. Building on set and setting theory and placebo theory, we explain why set and setting are of crucial importance in the case of microdosing. This reasoning helps elucidate the role of set and setting in determining the outcomes of microdosing and helps explain some of the contradictory results that have emerged in microdosing research in recent years. Set and setting are important constructs to be considered especially in the context of microdosing psychedelics. By reporting set and setting, the results of microdosing research can be made more reliable and consistent.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-11-30","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-022-06249-8","pubmed_id":"36289109","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36289109/","keywords":"LSD, Microdosing, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Set and setting","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:38","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"36289109\"}","topic_tags":"Microdosing,Clinical Trial","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1677,"title":"Expectancy in placebo-controlled trials of psychedelics: if so, so what?","normalized_title":"expectancy in placebo controlled trials of psychedelics if so so what","authors":"Butler M, Jelen L, Rucker J","abstract":"Modern psychedelic research remains in an early phase, and the eventual introduction of psychedelics into clinical practice remains in doubt. In this piece, we discuss the role of blinding and expectancy in psychedelic trials, and place this in a broader historical and contemporary context of blinding in trials across the rest of healthcare. We suggest that premature and uncritical promotion ('hype') of psychedelics as medicines is not only misleading, but also directly influences participant expectancy in ongoing psychedelic trials. We argue that although psychedelic trials are likely to significantly overestimate treatment effects by design due to unblinding and expectancy effects, this is not a unique situation. Placebo-controlled RCTs are not a perfect fit for all therapeutics, and problems in blinding should not automatically disqualify medications from licencing decisions. We suggest that simple practical measures may be (and indeed already are) taken in psychedelic trials to partially mitigate the effects of expectancy and unblinding, such as independent raters and active placebos. We briefly suggest other alternative trial methodologies which could be used to bolster RCT results, such as naturalistic studies. We conclude that the results of contemporary placebo-controlled RCTs of psychedelics should neither be dismissed due to imperfections in design, nor should early data be taken as firm evidence of effectiveness.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-09-30","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-022-06221-6","pubmed_id":"36063208","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36063208/","keywords":"Clinical trials, Expectancy, Placebo, Psilocybin, Psychoactive medication","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:38","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"36063208\"}","topic_tags":"Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial","study_type":"Randomized Controlled Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1651,"title":"The Watts Connectedness Scale: a new scale for measuring a sense of connectedness to self, others, and world.","normalized_title":"the watts connectedness scale a new scale for measuring a sense of connectedness to self others and world","authors":"Watts R, Kettner H, Geerts D, Gandy S, Kartner L, Mertens L, Timmermann C, Nour MM, Kaelen M, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R, Roseman L.","abstract":"RationaleA general feeling of disconnection has been associated with mental and emotional suffering. Improvements to a sense of connectedness to self, others and the wider world have been reported by participants in clinical trials of psychedelic therapy. Such accounts have led us to a definition of the psychological construct of 'connectedness' as 'a state of feeling connected to self, others and the wider world'. Existing tools for measuring connectedness have focused on particular aspects of connectedness, such as 'social connectedness' or 'nature connectedness', which we hypothesise to be different expressions of a common factor of connectedness. Here, we sought to develop a new scale to measure connectedness as a construct with these multiple domains. We hypothesised that (1) our scale would measure three separable subscale factors pertaining to a felt connection to 'self', 'others' and 'world' and (2) improvements in total and subscale WCS scores would correlate with improved mental health outcomes post psychedelic use.ObjectivesTo validate and test the 'Watts Connectedness Scale' (WCS).MethodsPsychometric validation of the WCS was carried out using data from three independent studies. Firstly, we pooled data from two prospective observational online survey studies. The WCS was completed before and after a planned psychedelic experience. The total sample of completers from the online surveys was N = 1226. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed, and construct and criterion validity were tested. A third dataset was derived from a double-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing psilocybin-assisted therapy (n = 27) with 6 weeks of daily escitalopram (n = 25) for major depressive disorder (MDD), where the WCS was completed at baseline and at a 6-week primary endpoint.ResultsAs hypothesised, factor analysis of all WCS items revealed three main factors with good internal consistency. WCS showed good construct validity. Significant post-psychedelic increases were observed for total connectedness scores (η2 = 0.339, p","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-08-07","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-022-06187-5","pubmed_id":"35939083","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06187-5","keywords":"Humans, Hallucinogens, Emotions, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:37","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35939083\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Watts\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008270587\",\"display_name\":\"Dana Geerts\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069610539\",\"display_name\":\"Sam Gandy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-6244\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044522468\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Kärtner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070309082\",\"display_name\":\"Lea J. Mertens\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-3941\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073964938\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew M. Nour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-6184\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06187-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Observational Study","study_type":"Randomized Controlled Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4290631853"},{"id":1704,"title":"Natural language signatures of psilocybin microdosing.","normalized_title":"natural language signatures of psilocybin microdosing","authors":"Sanz C, Cavanna F, Muller S, de la Fuente L, Zamberlan F, Palmucci M, Janeckova L, Kuchar M, Carrillo F, García AM, Pallavicini C, Tagliazucchi E.","abstract":"RationaleSerotonergic psychedelics are being studied as novel treatments for mental health disorders and as facilitators of improved well-being, mental function, and creativity. Recent studies have found mixed results concerning the effects of low doses of psychedelics (\"microdosing\") on these domains. However, microdosing is generally investigated using instruments designed to assess larger doses of psychedelics, which might lack sensitivity and specificity for this purpose.ObjectivesDetermine whether unconstrained speech contains signatures capable of identifying the acute effects of psilocybin microdoses.MethodsNatural speech under psilocybin microdoses (0.5 g of psilocybin mushrooms) was acquired from thirty-four healthy adult volunteers (11 females: 32.09 ± 3.53 years; 23 males: 30.87 ± 4.64 years) following a double-blind and placebo-controlled experimental design with two measurement weeks per participant. On Wednesdays and Fridays of each week, participants consumed either the active dose (psilocybin) or the placebo (edible mushrooms). Features of interest were defined based on variables known to be affected by higher doses: verbosity, semantic variability, and sentiment scores. Machine learning models were used to discriminate between conditions. Classifiers were trained and tested using stratified cross-validation to compute the AUC and p-values.ResultsExcept for semantic variability, these metrics presented significant differences between a typical active microdose and the inactive placebo condition. Machine learning classifiers were capable of distinguishing between conditions with high accuracy (AUC [Formula: see text] 0.8).ConclusionsThese results constitute first evidence that low doses of serotonergic psychedelics can be identified from unconstrained natural speech, with potential for widely applicable, affordable, and ecologically valid monitoring of microdosing schedules.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-06-08","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-022-06170-0","pubmed_id":"35676541","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06170-0","keywords":"Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Language, Mental Disorders, Adult, Female, Male, Creativity, Psilocybin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:37","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35676541\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4282945619\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4282945619\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W980795213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003128044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038166296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316993542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786230868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791063712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900445331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903300049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945708519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969627127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981686921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996366481\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002125030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002888945\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004910645\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010363778\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010491167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034742352\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082721315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093109301\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3111336391\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159653784\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3167789562\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177516331\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183271982\",\"https://openalex.org/W3188959629\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208674003\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211842562\",\"https://openalex.org/W3212356139\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215748564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200369187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200392805\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205576215\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005354583\",\"display_name\":\"Camila Sanz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086746602\",\"display_name\":\"Federico Cavanna\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-6479\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090485177\",\"display_name\":\"Stephanie Müller\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102895907\",\"display_name\":\"Laura de la Fuente\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-5857\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048583007\",\"display_name\":\"Federico Zamberlán\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090454518\",\"display_name\":\"Matías Palmucci\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086682470\",\"display_name\":\"Lucie Janeckova\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052030569\",\"display_name\":\"Facundo Carrillo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085040644\",\"display_name\":\"Adolfo M. García\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-0114\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006651985\",\"display_name\":\"Carla Pallavicini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-7735\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058986420\",\"display_name\":\"Enzo Tagliazucchi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-9993\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06170-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}}","topic_tags":"Microdosing,Wellbeing,Creativity","study_type":"Other","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4282945619"},{"id":1776,"title":"Serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics.","normalized_title":"serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics","authors":"Malcolm B, Thomas K","abstract":"In recent years, psychedelic substances with serotonergic mechanisms have accumulated substantial evidence that they may provide therapeutic benefits for people suffering with psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric disorders targeted by these psychedelic-assisted therapies are managed with serotonergic drugs like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as the current standard of care, so it is important to evaluate the potential risks of drug-drug interactions and serotonin toxicity (ST) between these agents. A critical evaluation of the scientific literature is necessary to delineate the risks of ST when combining psychedelics with available serotonergic pharmacotherapy options. This review article describes signs and symptoms of ST, characterizes mechanisms of ST risk, summarizes what is known about serotonergic psychedelic drug interactions, and outlines potential management strategies. True ST typically occurs with a serotonergic drug overdose or in combinations in which a drug that can increase intrasynaptic serotonin is combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Serotonergic psychotropics that do not contain MAOIs are low risk in combination with psychedelics that also do not contain MAOIs. Signs and symptoms warranting immediate medical attention include myoclonus, extreme and fluctuating vital signs, agitation or comatose mental state, muscle rigidity, pronounced hyperthermia (fever), and/or seizure activity. Serotonin-related adverse reactions exist along a spectrum with serotonin syndrome being the most severe manifestations of ST. Due to varying serotonergic mechanisms of psychedelics and psychotropics, with varying propensities to increase intrasynaptic serotonin, some combinations may present a significant risk for serotonin toxicity (ST) while others are likely benign.","journal":"Psychopharmacology","publication_date":"2022-05-31","publication_year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-021-05876-x","pubmed_id":"34251464","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34251464/","keywords":"Hallucinogen, MDMA, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Serotonin syndrome, Serotonin toxicity","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:05","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:39","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"34251464\"}","topic_tags":"Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null}],"total":48,"page":1,"per_page":20,"pages":3,"resource":"papers","filters":{"q":null,"author":null,"substances":["psilocybin","psilocin"],"topic":null,"study_type":null,"cited_doi":null,"sources":[],"publication_statuses":[],"year":null,"journal":"Psychopharmacology","from":null,"to":null,"added_from":null,"added_to":null,"sort":"newest","page":1,"per_page":"20"}}