{"rows":[{"id":5674,"title":"Psilocybe Poisoning: Pathophysiology, Classification and Treatment. A Clinical Case Review","normalized_title":"psilocybe poisoning pathophysiology classification and treatment a clinical case review","authors":"Omar Azuara-Antonio, Erika Rubí De La Cruz-Elizaldeb, José Eduardo Carmona-Rodriguez, Lesly Idaliht Hernandez-Martinez","abstract":"The Psilocybe cubensis mushroom is recognized as the primary source of psilocybin in the Americas, occurring naturally across various regions. This fungus has a long history of use in Mesoamerican rituals due to its capacity to induce altered states of consciousness. The defining characteristic of Psilocybe mushrooms is their psilocybin content. Following ingestion, psilocybin is metabolized into psilocin, which acts as a potent serotonergic agonist by interacting with serotonin receptors. The resulting physiological and psychoactive effects are linked to the activity at 5-HT receptors within the central nervous system, along with the release of glutamate. Throughout history, diverse Mesoamerican cultures incorporated hallucinogenic mushroom consumption into their ritual ceremonies. The Aztecs, for example, revered them as Teonanácatl, or \" flesh of the gods,\" valuing their ability to shift the perception of reality. Interest in psilocybin has seen a resurgence in the scientific community, spanning from the ethnobotanical studies of R. Gordon Wasson in the 1950s to contemporary research into its therapeutic applications for depression. Studies have indicated that psilocybin can sustainably alleviate depressive symptoms, often with fewer side effects compared to conventional pharmacological treatments. The combination of the ancient ceremonial and religious use of Psilocybe mushrooms with their demonstrable therapeutic potential is prompting a reevaluation of their legal status as a Schedule I drug. Ongoing research is actively exploring the impact of psilocybin on various psychiatric disorders, yielding promising results, particularly in the treatment of major depressive disorder. As the evidence supporting its therapeutic benefits continues to accumulate, it suggests a future where these psychedelic compounds could play a vital role in global mental health.","journal":"Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA","publication_date":"2026-07-04","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.29057/mjmr.v14i28.16493","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v14i28.16493","keywords":"Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Trance, Psychology, Pharmacology, Traditional medicine, Medicine, Neuroscience, Serotonin Agonist, Ayahuasca, Agonist, Amphetamine, Psychiatry, 5-HT2 receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids","substance_tags":"psilocybin,psilocin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-07 01:20:41","last_checked":"2026-07-09 01:20:16","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167422156\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167422156\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051415806\",\"display_name\":\"Omar Azuara-Antonio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-4573\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140086242\",\"display_name\":\"Erika Rubí De La Cruz-Elizaldeb\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140068470\",\"display_name\":\"José Eduardo Carmona-Rodriguez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9952-3356\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140080438\",\"display_name\":\"Lesly Idaliht Hernandez-Martinez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2027-9574\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210193124\",\"source_display_name\":\"Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v14i28.16493\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article,Adverse Events,Toxicity","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7167422156"},{"id":5672,"title":"Naturally Derived Psilocybin for Therapeutic Use: A Six-Criterion Framework for Evidence, Safety, and Benefit-Risk Considerations in Policy and Clinical Development","normalized_title":"naturally derived psilocybin for therapeutic use a six criterion framework for evidence safety and benefit risk considerations in policy and clinical development","authors":"Enriquez-Geppert Stefanie, Bevers Lisa, Rosander Arvid, Fodran Peter, Polito Vince","abstract":"Naturally derived psilocybin is widely used, yet its therapeutic potential, pharmacological distinctiveness and regulatory feasibility remain understudied. This review evaluates the potential of naturally derived psilocybin using a six-criterion framework to evaluate: (1) therapeutic benefit, (2) safety and tolerability, (3) pharmacological uniqueness vs. synthetic psilocybin, (4) identity and composition control, (5) dose precision and stability, and (6) ecological sustainability. This paper answers three key questions about naturally derived psilocybin: Does it show therapeutic potential? Does it differ from synthetic psilocybin? Can it meet medicinal standards? Findings suggest perceived therapeutic benefits from naturally derived psilocybin across mental health domains, though evidence of causal efficacy is mixed. Safety profiles are favorable but context-dependent, with risks in vulnerable populations. Some preliminary preclinical evidence indicates possible entourage effects, but human validation is lacking. Dose precision varies, with purified psilocybin being most reliable, followed by standardized extracts, alcoholic, aqueous, and whole biomass preparations. Scalable cultivation is feasible but faces sustainability challenges. Key gaps include a lack of controlled trials, longitudinal safety evaluations, and standardization. We provide a phased research roadmap, which proposes short-term studies to establish safety, mid-term mechanistic and standardization efforts, and long-term integration into therapeutic, cultural, and ecological systems. This review highlights the promise of naturally derived psilocybin but underscores the need for rigorous evidence to support regulatory acceptance and clinical use.","journal":"Biomolecules","publication_date":"2026-07-02","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.3390/biom16070983","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16070983","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Crossref","date_added":"2026-07-05 01:20:15","last_checked":"2026-07-09 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Enriquez-Geppert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-0111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139990795\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa Bevers\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139974022\",\"display_name\":\"Arvid Rosander\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079289829\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Fodran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-8331\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045686739\",\"display_name\":\"Vince Polito\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-9074\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236520\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biomolecules\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16070983\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Review Article,Animal Study,Safety","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7167239267"},{"id":3976,"title":"Psilocybin as a Transdiagnostic Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbid Psychopathology: Implications for Clinical Nosology and Research Directions.","normalized_title":"psilocybin as a transdiagnostic treatment for eating disorders and comorbid psychopathology implications for clinical nosology and research directions","authors":"Koning E, Richard J, Keshen A.","abstract":"ObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are characterized by high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and suboptimal treatment outcomes. There remain critical gaps in research, including the exploration of effective transdiagnostic interventions. This forum article examines the potential of psilocybin treatment (PT) as a transdiagnostic intervention for EDs and common comorbidities, including the implications for alternative nosological frameworks, trial design, and clinical care.MethodA narrative review was conducted synthesizing clinical, mechanistic, and conceptual literature on PT for EDs and common psychiatric comorbidities. Searches of academic databases were supplemented by hand-searching and clinical trial registries. Thematic synthesis focused on transdiagnostic clinical evidence, mechanistic theories, and implications for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), treatment development, and clinical trial design.ResultsPreliminary clinical evidence supports the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effects of PT for EDs, with robust transdiagnostic effects observed across comorbid conditions. Proposed mechanisms (i.e., serotonergic receptor agonism, psychoplastogenic effects, neural network desynchronization) target shared vulnerabilities that map onto dimensional constructs in HiTOP (Emotional Dysfunction superspectrum, Internalizing spectrum) and RDoC (negative/positive valence, cognitive, and social process domains) nosologies. Future research should explore pragmatic trial designs and dimensional outcome measures to capture the real-world complexities of PT for EDs.DiscussionPT demonstrates transdiagnostic therapeutic potential for EDs, and the advancement of dimensional nosologies, complex intervention frameworks, and personalized treatment protocols may address existing gaps in research and clinical care.","journal":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","publication_date":"2026-07-01","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1002/eat.70164","pubmed_id":"42393007","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.70164","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-04 01:20:05","last_checked":"2026-07-09 01:20:16","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42393007\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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\":\"Elena Koning\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0288\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006203775\",\"display_name\":\"Jérémie Richard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-1353\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023552725\",\"display_name\":\"Aaron Keshen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9749\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S74080386\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Eating Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.70164\",\"is_oa\":false}}}","topic_tags":"Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7167014213"},{"id":3811,"title":"Investigating the impact of serotonergic psychedelic drugs, MDMA and ketamine on social cognition in psychiatric disorders: A scoping review.","normalized_title":"investigating the impact of serotonergic psychedelic drugs mdma and ketamine on social cognition in psychiatric disorders a scoping review","authors":"Smith SA, Mohammad H, Lee LHN, Dennett L, Smith S, Burback L, Winkler O, Greenshaw A, Jetly R, Kennedy SH, Bhat V, Swainson J, Vermetten E, Cao B, Li XM, Zhang Y.","abstract":"RationaleInterest in psychedelic drugs has increased rapidly because of their potential therapeutic role in psychiatric disorders. Impairments in the sociocognitive skills needed to build and maintain social relationships are prominent features of many psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that compounds such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin may influence these impairments.ObjectivesThis review aimed to determine whether psychedelic drugs may modulate social cognition in individuals with psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive impairment.MethodsA search of the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was conducted. Twenty studies were identified that evaluated the effects of ketamine, MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca in depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ResultsFindings included neural activation patterns suggesting that ketamine and psilocybin may modulate processes relevant to social perception, particularly facial emotion processing, in depressive disorders. Positive findings were also reported for MDMA in participants with PTSD, including improvements in self-reported psychosocial functioning, self-awareness, and self-compassion.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that psychedelic drugs may modulate processes relevant to social cognition in psychiatric disorders, although direct evidence of improved social-cognitive functioning remains limited.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.","journal":null,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-026-07110-y","pubmed_id":"42380668","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-026-07110-y","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 13:00:05","last_checked":"2026-07-08 01:20:23","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42380668\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1920,"title":"Revealing shortcomings in the assessment of psilocybin effects on OCD-related symptoms in preclinical and clinical studies: A systematic review","normalized_title":"revealing shortcomings in the assessment of psilocybin effects on ocd related symptoms in preclinical and clinical studies a systematic review","authors":"Jalalian-Javadpour Marzieh, Yekta Batool Ghorbani, Reyhani Niloufar, Hajizamani Shadi, Azizi Ali, Azad Najma Khoshrooz, Mohammadi Hamidreza, Vaseghi Salar","abstract":"","journal":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","publication_date":"2026-06-30","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101098","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101098","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Crossref","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:49:23","last_checked":"2026-07-08 01:20:22","raw_json":"{\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101098\",\"reference_dois\":[\"10.1007/s00213-024-06566-0\",\"10.1080/15622975.2016.1190867\",\"10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y\",\"10.1177/0269881114565144\",\"10.1038/s41380-024-02786-0\",\"10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3\",\"10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7\",\"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000128\",\"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1726818\",\"10.1093/ijnp/pyae057\",\"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285\",\"10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040574\",\"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.005\",\"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110648\",\"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110202\",\"10.1037/bne0000579\",\"10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116\",\"10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1221131\",\"10.1073/pnas.2022489118\",\"10.3389/fphar.2021.640241\",\"10.1097/fbp.0000000000000757\",\"10.1192/bjo.2023.535\",\"10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000214)417:3<337::aid-cne7>3.0.co;2-o\",\"10.1097/fbp.0000000000000813\",\"10.1177/0269881120959614\",\"10.2139/ssrn.6218466\",\"10.1007/s00210-023-02843-5\",\"10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12135\",\"10.1038/s41380-023-02280-z\",\"10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3\",\"10.1371/journal.pone.0063972\",\"10.1586/14737175.9.2.255\",\"10.1192/bjo.2025.10895\",\"10.3389/fphar.2024.1391412\",\"10.1080/02791072.2020.1849879\",\"10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022\",\"10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1040217\",\"10.1177/02698811241269751\",\"10.1038/s41386-019-0324-9\",\"10.1177/02698811231205692\",\"10.1271/bbb.90095\",\"10.3114/fuse.2024.14.14\",\"10.1177/0269881119895520\",\"10.1177/02698811261424214\",\"10.4088/jcp.v67n1110\",\"10.1007/s00210-025-03912-7\",\"10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002\",\"10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113093\",\"10.1038/nrn3746\",\"10.1136/pgmj.57.671.543\",\"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152619\",\"10.1038/s41380-019-0431-3\",\"10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00180\",\"10.3390/ijms22020835\",\"10.1017/s1461145701002401\",\"10.1038/s41386-024-01794-6\",\"10.32598/bcn.2021.1920.2\",\"10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.008\",\"10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.023\",\"10.1038/s41398-023-02456-9\",\"10.1038/s41572-019-0102-3\",\"10.1503/jpn.150012\",\"10.1007/s00228-024-03680-y\",\"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.006\",\"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.11.021\",\"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111243\",\"10.1080/02791072.2014.963754\",\"10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199709)27:1<79::aid-syn8>3.0.co;2-a\",\"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101208\",\"10.1177/02698811241249436\"],\"reference_count\":78}","topic_tags":"OCD,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study","study_type":"Systematic Review","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":21,"title":"Chemistry/structural biology of psychedelic drugs and their receptor(s).","normalized_title":"chemistry structural biology of psychedelic drugs and their receptor s","authors":"Gumpper RH, Nichols DE","abstract":"This brief review highlights some of the structure-activity relationships of classic serotonergic psychedelics. In particular, we discuss structural features of three chemotypes: phenethylamines, ergolines and certain tryptamines, which possess psychedelic activity in humans. Where they are known, we point out the underlying molecular mechanisms utilized by each of the three chemotypes of psychedelic molecules. With a focus on the 5-HT receptor subtype, a G-protein coupled receptor known to be the primary target of psychedelics, we refer to several X-ray and cryoEM structures, with a variety of ligands bound, to illustrate the underlying atomistic basis for some of the known pharmacological observations of psychedelic drug actions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.","journal":"British journal of pharmacology","publication_date":"2026-06-30","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1111/bph.17361","pubmed_id":"39354889","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39354889/","keywords":"5-HT2A agonists, 5-HT2A receptor, LSD, Psychedelic chemotypes, crystal structures, docking, ergolines, phenethylamines, psilocybin, structural biology, structure-activity relationships, therapeutic potential, tryptamines","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-08 01:20:06","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"39354889\"}","topic_tags":"Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":20,"title":"Psilocybin as a novel treatment for chronic pain.","normalized_title":"psilocybin as a novel treatment for chronic pain","authors":"Askey T, Lasrado R, Maiarú M, Stephens GJ","abstract":"Psychedelic drugs are under active consideration for clinical use and have generated significant interest for their potential as anti-nociceptive treatments for chronic pain, and for addressing conditions like depression, frequently co-morbid with pain. This review primarily explores the utility of preclinical animal models in investigating the potential of psilocybin as an anti-nociceptive agent. Initial studies involving psilocybin in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain are summarised, alongside areas where further research is needed. The potential mechanisms of action, including targeting serotonergic pathways through the activation of 5-HT receptors at both spinal and central levels, as well as neuroplastic actions that improve functional connectivity in brain regions involved in chronic pain, are considered. Current clinical aspects and the translational potential of psilocybin from animal models to chronic pain patients are reviewed. Also discussed is psilocybin's profile as an ideal anti-nociceptive agent, with a wide range of effects against chronic pain and its associated inflammatory or emotional components. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.","journal":"British journal of pharmacology","publication_date":"2026-06-30","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1111/bph.17420","pubmed_id":"39614355","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614355/","keywords":"neuropathic pain, neuroplasticity, nociplastic pain, psilocybin, psychedelic drugs, serotonergic signalling","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-08 01:20:06","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"39614355\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Animal Study,Inflammation","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":19,"title":"The Australia story: Current status and future challenges for the clinical applications of psychedelics.","normalized_title":"the australia story current status and future challenges for the clinical applications of psychedelics","authors":"Nutt DJ, Hunt P, Schlag AK, Fitzgerald P","abstract":"The past decade has seen a huge increase in clinical research with psychedelic drugs and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), which have revealed great potential for treating mental health conditions. Given this progress in research, as well as the current unmet clinical need of millions of patients, in 2023, the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) approved the use of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and MDMA for PTSD to take effect from 1 July 2023. The campaign for TGA approval was led by a coalition comprising the Australian charity Mind Medicine Australia with support from Professor David Nutt, Drug Science, Professor Arthur Christopolous, Professor Chris Langmead (both from Monash University) and from large numbers of clinical, academic and patient groups. Under the rescheduling, current prescribing rights are limited to psychiatrists who have become authorised prescribers under the TGA's Authorised Prescriber Scheme, and psilocybin can only be used for treatment resistant depression and MDMA can only be used for PTSD. This paper reviews the background for this decision, its implications for approvals in other jurisdictions, as well as for the development pathways for other psychedelic drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.","journal":"British journal of pharmacology","publication_date":"2026-06-30","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1111/bph.17398","pubmed_id":"39701143","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39701143/","keywords":"3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), Australia, psilocybin, psychedelics, therapeutic goods administration (TGA)","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-08 01:20:06","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"39701143\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":14,"title":"Psychedelics as pharmacotherapeutics for substance use disorders: A scoping review on clinical trials and perspectives on underlying neurobiology.","normalized_title":"psychedelics as pharmacotherapeutics for substance use disorders a scoping review on clinical trials and perspectives on underlying neurobiology","authors":"Wittenkeller L, Gudelsky G, Winhusen TJ, Amato D","abstract":"Psychedelics have garnered great attention in recent years as treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression because of their ability to alter consciousness and afflicted cognitive processes with lasting effects. We aimed to characterise how psychedelics are currently being investigated to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). Additionally, we aimed to summarise the available literature on the dopaminergic consequences of classic psychedelics in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a foundational component of SUDs, to understand how psychedelics may be therapeutically relevant for SUDs from a neurobiological perspective. Two scoping review approaches adhering to PRISMA-SCR guidelines were conducted. The first screened for ongoing clinical trials utilising psychedelics for SUD treatment registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The second screened for in vivo microdialysis studies measuring psychedelic-induced changes in extracellular NAc dopamine in rats, found using PubMed, SCOPUS or Google Scholar. Thirty-four unique clinical trials were identified targeting alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and opioid use disorders and mostly consisting of open-label trials lacking placebo-treated controls. The most common SUD investigated was alcohol use disorder (AUD). Following stringent exclusion criteria, four publications were identified that measured extracellular dopamine in the NAc following systemic administration of psilocybin or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). A sustained mild increase of dopamine was observed that was unique to high-dose psilocybin. In addition to known therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics, findings herein suggest that psilocybin may support dopamine homeostasis through restoration of tonic dopamine levels. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.","journal":"British journal of pharmacology","publication_date":"2026-06-30","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1111/bph.70181","pubmed_id":"40891276","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40891276/","keywords":"MDMA, addiction, psilocybin, psychedelics, psychedelic-assisted therapy, substance use disorders","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-08 01:20:06","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"40891276\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":303,"title":"Study Protocol for \"Exploring the safety and therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents and young adults\".","normalized_title":"study protocol for exploring the safety and therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents and young adults","authors":"Sjöström D, Schau Rybäck O, Claesdotter Knutsson E, Kajonius P, Jensen Sondén O, Carlbring P, Björkstrand J, Movahed Rad P.","abstract":"BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with high morbidity, mortality, and relapse rates, most commonly emerging during adolescence. Despite specialized psychological and nutritional treatments, outcomes remain suboptimal, with high rates of relapse and chronicity. Psilocybin has been investigated with preliminary efficacy in other psychiatric conditions characterized by rigidity and treatment resistance, but clinical evidence in AN-particularly in adolescents-is limited.ObjectiveThe psiAN study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of psilocybin therapy combined with psychological support in adolescents and young adults with relapsing AN, while exploring clinical, experiential, and neurobiological correlates of change.MethodsA phase IIa, open-label, randomized controlled trial enrolling individuals aged 16-35 years with DSM-5 AN and a history of relapse. Participants are randomized to receive either two administrations of psilocybin (25 mg) with manualized psychological support plus treatment as usual (TAU), or TAU alone. Primary outcomes focus on safety and tolerability, assessed through adverse events, psychiatric monitoring, and medical parameters measured from first dosing to primary endpoint. Secondary outcomes include change in eating disorder symptom severity, relapse composite measures, mood, well-being, personality traits from baseline to primary endpoint with follow-up to 12 months. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor are included as exploratory mechanistic measures. fMRI will evaluate pre- to post-intervention changes in structural and functional connectivity and task-related responses during a simplified Monetary Incentive Delay task (MIDT) and a Calorie-Cue Task (CCT). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07169747.Ethics and disseminationThe study follows Good Clinical Practice (GCP), the Declaration of Helsinki, and EU Clinical Trials Regulation requirements, with staged inclusion of adolescents (16-17-year-olds) after a safety board review of adult data (18-35-year-olds). This protocol was prepared with reference to the SPIRIT 2025 guidelines (Chan et al., 2025) to enhance transparency and inform future trials.","journal":"PLoS ONE","publication_date":"2026-06-29","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0352246","pubmed_id":"42378255","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0352246","keywords":"Humans, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Young Adult, Psilocybin","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:48:03","last_checked":"2026-07-07 01:20:41","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42378255\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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K. Sjöström\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-1892\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073798116\",\"display_name\":\"Olea Schau Rybäck\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111008178\",\"display_name\":\"Emma Claesdotter Knutsson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135752675\",\"display_name\":\"Petri Kajonius\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139709727\",\"display_name\":\"Oskar Jensen Sondén\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082635131\",\"display_name\":\"Per Carlbring\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-8813\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017431485\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes Björkstrand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-1064\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018302853\",\"display_name\":\"Pouya Movahed\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-3550\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0352246\",\"is_oa\":true}}}","topic_tags":"Eating Disorders,Brain Imaging,Aging,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Adolescents,Safety,Adverse Events","study_type":"Randomized Controlled Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7166779507"},{"id":30,"title":"The intersection between psychedelics and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Reevaluating risk and therapeutic potential.","normalized_title":"the intersection between psychedelics and schizophrenia spectrum disorders reevaluating risk and therapeutic potential","authors":"Brar PS, Price RB, Ross S, Tofighi B, Sarpal DK","abstract":"In the past decade, interest in studying psychedelic compounds as potential therapeutic agents has resurged. These studies carefully exclude individuals at risk for developing psychotic symptoms in response to psychedelic use. Given the potential for psychedelics to be established as treatments in psychiatry, it is important to more robustly understand their link with psychosis and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). In this narrative review, we examine the historical and theoretical relationship between psychedelic drugs and SSDs, including the origins of the psychotomimetic hypothesis. For key psychedelic compounds, we review their phenomenological manifestations in relation to the experiential alterations characteristic of SSDs, revealing both areas of overlap and important qualitative differences that challenge the uniform psychotomimetic classification. We also review putative neural mechanisms underlying altered experiential states associated with psychedelic use and SSDs, with attention to serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic contributions. Clinical evidence demonstrates that psychedelics can exacerbate pre-existing psychotic illness and may trigger psychosis in vulnerable individuals, though the magnitude of these risks remains inadequately quantified. However, phenomenological and mechanistic distinctions suggest that potential therapeutic applications may exist for carefully selected symptoms (negative symptoms, depression) in stable patients using low-dose, controlled approaches. Based on published work, we provide recommendations regarding psychosis-related risk and potential avenues for the treatment of SSDs as psychedelics gain traction as therapeutics.","journal":"Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)","publication_date":"2026-06-24","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1177/02698811261456191","pubmed_id":"42345450","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42345450/","keywords":"DMT, LSD, mescaline, phenomenology, psilocybin, psychedelics, psychosis, schizophrenia","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-02 23:03:18","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"42345450\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Mechanism of Action,Review Article,Safety","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":29,"title":"Novel approaches in depression treatment: from rapid-acting antidepressants to personalized interventions.","normalized_title":"novel approaches in depression treatment from rapid acting antidepressants to personalized interventions","authors":"Guidetti C, Fava M, Papakostas GI.","abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are prevalent and debilitating conditions. Over 50% of patients have inadequate response to first-line serotonergic antidepressants and are left with suboptimal treatment options. Rapid-acting and individually tailored treatments for MDD remain major unmet needs. This review discusses promising rapid-acting treatments, including psychedelic and neuroplastogen compounds, currently under investigation for the treatment of MDD and TRD. Among these, psilocybin has advanced to late-stage trials. In addition, we examine the emerging role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), including novel personalized interventions, such as the Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy (SAINT) protocol, which has demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects and is now FDA-cleared for TRD, positioning it closest to clinical translation. We also highlight the ongoing ALTO-300 trial, which is evaluating an adjunctive treatment for MDD in patients identified by an EEG biomarker-representing another promising step toward personalized treatment. Finally, we review the results of a Phase 2 study reporting outcomes that vary by a specific genotype sequence, underscoring the potential for genetically guided personalized interventions. Despite these advances, key limitations, including unblinding in psychedelic trials, scalability challenges of intensive neuromodulation protocols, and the need for validated biomarkers, pose ongoing challenges for real-world implementation.","journal":null,"publication_date":"2026-06-24","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41380-026-03722-0","pubmed_id":"42350785","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03722-0","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-02 23:03:30","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42350785\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Brain Imaging,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":43,"title":"Short- and Long-Acting Psychedelics: Structure-Activity Relationships, Pharmacology, and Implications for Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics.","normalized_title":"short and long acting psychedelics structure activity relationships pharmacology and implications for neuropsychiatric therapeutics","authors":"Bhat A, Zolali E, Sakib MA, Rahimian M, McMahon LR, German N, Obeng S","abstract":"Psychedelics have re-emerged as promising therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. While their beneficial effects are largely attributed to serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation, psychedelics exhibit substantial diversity in chemical structure, receptor binding kinetics, metabolism, and duration of action. These differences underpin the distinction between short-acting psychedelics like -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-DMT, and long-acting compounds like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline. Short-acting psychedelics may offer advantages in clinical settings where brief therapeutic sessions are preferred, while long-acting agents may be relatively more effective for clinical outcomes. This review highlights the chemistry, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacology of both short- and long-acting psychedelics. We examine key functional group modifications that influence receptor binding affinity, efficacy, and duration. By integrating insights from synthetic chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical effects, this review provides a framework for rational psychedelic drug development aimed at producing next-generation antidepressants, anxiolytics, and substance use disorder treatments with controlled and predictable clinical effects.","journal":"ACS chemical neuroscience","publication_date":"2026-06-16","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.6c00202","pubmed_id":"42257400","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42257400/","keywords":"5-HT2A, long-acting, psilocybin, psychedelics, short-acting","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PubMed","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:20:34","raw_json":"{\"pubmed_id\":\"42257400\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":1927,"title":"Psilocybin and Mental Health Outcomes: Scoping Review with ☸SAIMSARA","normalized_title":"psilocybin and mental health outcomes scoping review with saimsara","authors":"SAIMSARA","abstract":"This scoping review aims to comprehensively map and synthesize the breadth of evidence from original research on the relationship between psilocybin and health, spanning clinical trials, epidemiological surveys, mechanistic experiments, and cross-sectional attitudinal studies. The review uses 145 references and builds its evidence map from 216 original studies with 271241797 total participants/sample observations (topic-deduplicated ΣN). This review indicates that the most consistent and replicated signal for psilocybin and health is rapid, large, and sustained reduction of depressive symptoms in clinical populations, with a randomized, waiting-list-controlled major depressive disorder (MDD) trial reporting Cohen's d=2.5 at week 5 and benefits in treatment-resistant depression persisting up to 6 months. Converging evidence suggests broader therapeutic potential for anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and existential distress, alongside preliminary signals for substance use disorders, though risks such as manic or psychotic episodes in vulnerable individuals warrant rigorous screening. A recurring caveat is that real-world benefits and access are moderated by race and ethnicity, with protective associations and program participation concentrated among White participants. These findings support a cautiously optimistic but equity-conscious role for psilocybin-assisted therapy in psychiatric and palliative care. Future work should prioritize controlled, prospective trials that test mechanisms and confirm durability while embedding culturally adapted, equitable access strategies.","journal":"SAIMSARA Journal","publication_date":"2026-06-14","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.62487/saimsara7a54f680","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.62487/saimsara7a54f680","keywords":"Psilocybin, Mental health, Psychiatry, Psychology, Major depressive disorder, Clinical psychology, PsycINFO, Psychotherapist, Mental illness, Medicine, Depression (economics), Clinical trial, MEDLINE, Warrant, Race (biology), Epidemiology, Obsessive compulsive, Test (biology), Bipolar disorder, White paper, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:49:23","last_checked":"2026-07-04 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Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.62487/saimsara7a54f680\",\"is_oa\":false}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Observational Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity","study_type":"Clinical Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7164845889"},{"id":1926,"title":"Efficacy of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","normalized_title":"efficacy of psilocybin assisted therapy in major depressive disorder a systematic review and meta analysis","authors":"Angel Labra-Lorenzana, Dania Nimbe Lima Sanchez, Christian Alejandro Delaflor-Wagner, Diana Martínez-Hernández, Christian Ramos-Jiménez, Christian Gabriel Toledo-Lozano","abstract":"Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) for adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A PROSPERO-registered search (CRD42024561979) of CENTRAL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE (2010-2024) identified clinical trials assessing PAP. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while non-randomized studies were appraised separately. Evidence certainty was evaluated using GRADE. Results: Ten trials were included; eight provided quantitative data. PAP was associated with large short-term reductions in depressive symptom severity. The overall pooled effect was large (d = 1.15, 95% CI0.83-1.48), though within-subject designs yielded larger estimates (d = 1.63) than between-subject controlled comparisons (d = 0.96). Adverse events were transient and manageable, with no increased risk of serious adverse events on dosing days. Primary risk-of-bias concerns included functional unblinding. Conclusions: PAP may produce clinically meaningful, large short-term reductions in depressive symptoms. However, long-term efficacy remains understudied, and the overall certainty of evidence is low to moderate. Larger, rigorously blinded trials are required.","journal":"Psychiatry International","publication_date":"2026-06-14","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint7030137","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint7030137","keywords":"Medicine, Adverse effect, Major depressive disorder, Dosing, Meta-analysis, Clinical trial, Randomized controlled trial, MEDLINE, Systematic review, Depressive symptoms, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Certainty, Research design, Risk assessment, Intensive care medicine, Relative risk, Severity of illness, Evidence-based medicine, Clinical psychology, Major depressive episode, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:49:23","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:31","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164820747\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164820747\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2098923148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912654919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044729970\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118615836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129740058\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146268156\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384557644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396588878\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401700752\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402748917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404295609\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138646510\",\"display_name\":\"Angel Labra-Lorenzana\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072252637\",\"display_name\":\"Dania Nimbe Lima Sanchez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-6540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126057939\",\"display_name\":\"Christian Alejandro Delaflor-Wagner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135188546\",\"display_name\":\"Diana Martínez-Hernández\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106551101\",\"display_name\":\"Christian Ramos-Jiménez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-6179\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087349807\",\"display_name\":\"Christian Gabriel Toledo-Lozano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7418-1228\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210214788\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatry International\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint7030137\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Chronic Pain,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity","study_type":"Randomized Controlled Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7164820747"},{"id":69,"title":"Time to embrace the whole: considering the replacement of psilocybin with Psilocybe spp. in psychedelic research and therapy","normalized_title":"time to embrace the whole considering the replacement of psilocybin with psilocybe spp in psychedelic research and therapy","authors":"Genís Oña, Cristina Llagostera, Oscar Alvarez, Rosa M. Dueñas, Débora González, Óscar Soto-Angona","abstract":"Psilocybin, the main psychoactive compound in Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, has gained considerable attention for its therapeutic potential. Current research focuses only on isolated psilocybin, neglecting the broader pharmacological and cultural use of the whole mushroom. This perspective advocates for an integrative approach that includes standardised P. cubensis extracts within the psychedelic research agenda. We review preclinical studies comparing whole-mushroom extracts with pure psilocybin, showing enhanced or distinct effects on synaptic proteins, metabolomic profiles, and behavioural outcomes, including in models of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Furthermore, the use of whole extracts may promote more affordable, equitable, and publicly accessible treatment models, in contrast to high-cost synthetic psilocybin formulations. This article argues for the urgent need to explore whole-mushroom therapeutics, ensuring that decisions in psychedelic medicine are based on a full spectrum of evidence rather than solely on pharmaceutical feasibility.","journal":"Natural Product Research","publication_date":"2026-06-01","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1080/14786419.2026.2683121","pubmed_id":"42228759","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2026.2683121","keywords":"Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychiatry, MEDLINE, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Pharmacology, Clinical psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:31","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7163160532\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7163160532\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970930356\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992243758\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994579482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038786381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054727320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063906445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318527110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594616832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926665170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949780892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979305454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012256305\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023670690\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049065734\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092405045\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280503409\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286750283\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385969211\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387939730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388714298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389606379\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391970820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399276098\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403328142\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405376152\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408226956\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411981579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412043599\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413116294\",\"https://openalex.org/W7128912015\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070858256\",\"display_name\":\"Genís Oña\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2741-2876\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137652951\",\"display_name\":\"Cristina Llagostera\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5130390747\",\"display_name\":\"Oscar Alvarez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137663443\",\"display_name\":\"Rosa M. Dueñas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102923565\",\"display_name\":\"Débora González\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-4351\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103154694\",\"display_name\":\"Óscar Soto-Angona\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0234-4280\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205999849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Natural Product Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2026.2683121\",\"is_oa\":false}}","topic_tags":"Depression,OCD,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity,Metabolomics","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7163160532"},{"id":1933,"title":"EE127 A REVIEW OF HEALTH ECONOMIC ANALYSES OF PSILOCYBIN, MIDOMAFETAMINE(MDMA), AND KETAMINE-BASED TREATMENTS FOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE","normalized_title":"ee127 a review of health economic analyses of psilocybin midomafetamine mdma and ketamine based treatments for mental health care","authors":"Matthew Sidovar, Shane J. O’Connor, Lucinda Orsini","abstract":"","journal":"Value in Health","publication_date":"2026-05-31","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jval.2026.03.422","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2026.03.422","keywords":"Mental health care, Health care, Mental health, Medicine, Psychiatry, Nursing, Self care, Mental healthcare, Family medicine, Psychology, MEDLINE, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:49:23","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:31","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166071774\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166071774\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032876519\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew Sidovar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043063065\",\"display_name\":\"Shane J. O’Connor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-2450\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139424497\",\"display_name\":\"Lucinda Orsini\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S678965\",\"source_display_name\":\"Value in Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2026.03.422\",\"is_oa\":false}}","topic_tags":"Review Article,Toxicity","study_type":"Review Article","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7166071774"},{"id":1937,"title":"Effect of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy on anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","normalized_title":"effect of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy on anxiety symptoms a systematic review and meta analysis","authors":"Alex Hood, Gary ELKINS","abstract":"Abstract Background and Aims Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a novel, transdiagnostic treatment in which the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin is combined with psychotherapy. Studies to date have evaluated PAP's effects on depression, substance use, and end-of-life adjustment. Relatively less attention has been given to its effects on anxiety symptoms, which are highly comorbid with other psychiatric conditions and are a leading cause of global disability. This review systematically evaluated evidence for PAP's effects on anxiety symptoms across diagnoses, with attention to variations in interventional components across studies. Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were completed in six databases and independent reviewers screened records. Study quality was assessed and data extracted on participant demographics and intervention features. Random-effects models estimated within- and between-group effects from baseline to primary endpoint. Results Twenty-five studies were determined eligible for inclusion. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in psychotherapy format, dosing, session structure, and outcome timing. Pooled results showed a large within-groups effect on anxiety after controlling for measurement artifacts (Hedge's g = 0.96) and a small between-groups effect (Hedge's g = 0.48). High heterogeneity persisted even after controlling for the influence of different anxiety measures and moderators related to intervention formulation and delivery. Conclusions PAP shows promise for reducing anxiety across primary diagnoses. However, variability in study quality, interventional design, sample representativeness, and high heterogeneity warrant caution in interpretation. More rigorous, high-quality trials with diverse populations are needed. Implications and directions for future research are summarized.","journal":"Journal of Psychedelic Studies","publication_date":"2026-05-28","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1556/2054.2026.00507","pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2026.00507","keywords":"Anxiety, Clinical psychology, Intervention (counseling), Psychology, Psychotherapist, Systematic review, Demographics, Randomized controlled trial, Psychological intervention, Clinical trial, Sample size determination, MEDLINE, Meta-analysis, Anxiety disorder, Psychiatry, Medicine, Specific phobia, Substance use, Session (web analytics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"OpenAlex","date_added":"2026-07-01 06:49:23","last_checked":"2026-07-04 07:00:31","raw_json":"{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162785692\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162785692\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1987138256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021593215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021803359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026789649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029637260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065796326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074598859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107328434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112953965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145576372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2468643947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600378660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901724277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910235276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912626077\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924322406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927560891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991510409\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000661394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014277121\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3141256924\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183684219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205622941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200214647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200408156\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225308749\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225982601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307773202\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309360340\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320480665\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321097050\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386849390\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387737676\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390918459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392657822\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396588878\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398774731\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399215777\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400279567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400695899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402476560\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402554692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402748917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405122998\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405376152\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406141686\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406240577\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408808337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409286565\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410030136\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413190735\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413889891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414374510\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095491420\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Hood\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009557677\",\"display_name\":\"Gary ELKINS\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2026.00507\",\"is_oa\":true}}","topic_tags":"Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Toxicity","study_type":"Randomized Controlled Trial","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7162785692"},{"id":90,"title":"Psychedelic-induced hypomania and mania: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","normalized_title":"psychedelic induced hypomania and mania a systematic review and meta analysis","authors":"Eskinazi M, Nasserdine R, Cusin RM, Baniotoupoulos P, Saccaro LF, De Pieri M, Corino T, Seragnoli F, Briefer JF, Aboulafia Brakha T, Richard-Lepouriel H, Penzenstadler L, Böge K, Kirchner M, Zullino D, Højlund M, Sapienza J, Bosia M, Catalan A, Vieta E, Solmi M, Sabé M.","abstract":"Serotonergic psychedelics are increasingly investigated as treatments for affective disorders. Concerns persist regarding their potential to induce hypomania or mania, particularly in individuals with bipolar spectrum vulnerability. Whether these substances precipitate transient mood switches or contribute to persistent bipolar illness or diagnostic transition remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review of human studies examining manic or hypomanic symptoms following exposure to serotonergic psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, mescaline, DMT/ayahuasca) or MDMA (CRD420251160656). Databases and trial registries were searched through January 26, 2026. Eligible designs included randomized and non-randomized clinical studies, registry-based cohorts, cross-sectional surveys, and longitudinal observational studies. Outcomes included dysphoria/euphoria, manic or hypomanic symptoms and transition to bipolar disorder. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I, ROB2 or NIH tools. Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria, four contributing to meta-analysis. Rates of psychedelic-associated dysphoria/euphoria, hypomania or mania ranged from 5.8% in controlled trials of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for major depressive disorders to 30% in naturalistic studies of individuals with bipolar disorder. When present, manic symptoms were typically acute and self-limited. Observational studies identified higher risks among individuals with bipolar I disorder, familial vulnerability, polysubstance use, and unsupervised or illegal use. Registry-based cohorts examining diagnostic transitions showed a prevalence of subsequent transition to bipolar disorder of 4% (95% CI2-8%; N = 7478; I² = 32.1%), with little evidence for a hallucinogen-specific signal. Overall, serotonergic psychedelics appear to pose a low but clinically meaningful relative risk of transient mood-related symptoms in susceptible individuals while remaining relatively safe in controlled clinical settings. Long-term outcomes and repeated exposure remain insufficiently studied, underscoring the need for rigorous longitudinal research.","journal":null,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","publication_year":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41380-026-03657-6","pubmed_id":"42215638","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03657-6","keywords":"","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"Europe PMC","date_added":"2026-06-30 22:38:07","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:01","raw_json":"{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42215638\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}","topic_tags":"Depression,Addiction,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Observational Study,Safety","study_type":"Meta-Analysis","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"published","openalex_id":null},{"id":3172,"title":"Serotonergic Psychedelics as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Anxiety, A Systematic Review","normalized_title":"serotonergic psychedelics as a potential therapeutic strategy for anxiety a systematic review","authors":"","abstract":"Background and objective: Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide and affect all age groups. Current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and benzodiazepines, have limitations in terms of adverse effects and efficacy, which highlights the need for alternative therapies. Serotonergic psychedelics have demonstrated promising anxiolytic-like behaviors in preclinical studies, primarily thought to be mediated through agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor. This systematic review aimed to investigate the preclinical evidence of anxiolytic-like potential of serotonergic psychedelics in animal models, and to evaluate the validity and limitations of the included behavioral tests. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined prior to screening to ensure a transparent inclusion of studies and minimize bias. The title, abstract and full-text screening were conducted independently by two reviewers, with conflicts being resolved through discussion. In total, 18 studies were included after the final screening. Results: Overall, the results demonstrate that serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and DOI, exerted anxiolytic-like effects across several behavioral tests. However, anxiogenic and null effects were also reported. This suggests that the effects are context-dependent, influenced by dosage, administration pattern, biological variables, as well as the experimental conditions. The predictive and face validity of the included behavioral models was generally acceptable. However, the construct validity had some limitations, and inconsistencies in the experimental conditions create a need for more standardization to ensure more transparent and reproducible data, and further the research field. Conclusions: The preclinical studies included in this review indicate that the serotonergic psychedelics have therapeutic potential in the treatment of anxiety, especially psilocybin elicited consistent anxiolytic-like effects, possibly due to 5-HT2A receptor agonism. However, future studies should focus on understanding mechanisms, sex-specific effects, and further the combinations of behavioral tests to ensure better interpretation of behavioral outcomes.","journal":"PsyArXiv","publication_date":"2026-05-23","publication_year":2026,"doi":null,"pubmed_id":null,"source_url":"https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/gf7bq_v1","keywords":"Anxiety, Preclinical, Psychedelics, Systematic Review, Psychiatry, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Emotion, Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Animal Learning and Behavior","substance_tags":"psilocybin","source_name":"PsyArXiv","date_added":"2026-07-01 11:03:47","last_checked":"2026-07-01 11:22:30","raw_json":"{\"osf_id\":\"gf7bq_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}","topic_tags":"Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study","study_type":"Systematic Review","hidden":0,"false_positive":0,"curation_notes":null,"merged_into_id":null,"curation_locked":0,"publication_status":"preprint","openalex_id":null}],"total":839,"page":1,"per_page":20,"pages":42,"resource":"papers","filters":{"q":null,"author":null,"substances":["psilocybin","psilocin"],"topic":"Review Article","study_type":null,"cited_doi":null,"sources":[],"publication_statuses":[],"year":null,"journal":null,"from":null,"to":null,"added_from":null,"added_to":null,"sort":"newest","page":1,"per_page":"20"}}