{ "meta": { "tracker_site_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com", "publication_tracker_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com/", "generated_at_utc": "2026-07-05 13:29:10", "record_count": 58 }, "papers": [ { "id": 3002, "title": "Modeled Long-Term Effects of Psilocybin on Dynamic Activity and Effective Connectivity of Fronto-Striatal-Thalamic Circuits.", "normalized_title": "modeled long term effects of psilocybin on dynamic activity and effective connectivity of fronto striatal thalamic circuits", "authors": "Pasquini L, Vohryzek J, Escrichs A, Perl YS, Ponce-Alvarez A, Idesis S, Girn M, Roseman L, Mitchell JM, Gazzaley A, Kringelbach M, Nutt DJ, Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL, Deco G.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has been shown to induce fast and sustained symptoms improvements across various psychiatric conditions, yet its long-term mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Initial evidence suggests that longitudinal functional and structural brain changes implicate fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) circuitry, a broad system involved in goal-directed behavior and motivational states. Here, we performed secondary analyses and applied computational modeling to resting-state fMRI data from a within-subject longitudinal psilocybin trial in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. We first showed that dynamic FST activity increased 4 weeks after a full dose of psilocybin. We then proceeded to mechanistically account for these changes by providing tentative model-based support that reductions in the structure-function coupling contribute to increased dynamic FST activity postpsilocybin. Finally, we used computational approaches to show that psilocybin induces longitudinal increases in bottom-up and reduced top-down modulation of FST circuits. We then used publicly available receptor maps to show that cortical reductions in top-down modulation are linked to regional 5-HT2A receptor availability, while increased information outflow via subcortical and limbic regions relates to local D2 receptor availability. Together, these findings suggest that increased FST flexibility weeks after a high dose of psilocybin is linked to serotonergic-mediated decreases in top-down information flow and dopaminergic-mediated increases in bottom-up information flow. This long-term functional re-organization of FST circuits may represent a common mechanism contributing to the potential clinical efficacy of psilocybin across various neuropsychiatric disorders including substance abuse, major depression, and anorexia nervosa.", "journal": "Human Brain Mapping", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/hbm.70596", "pubmed_id": "42381187", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70596", "keywords": "Thalamus, Corpus Striatum, Frontal Lobe, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Neurological, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Connectome, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-05 01:20:21", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42381187\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166854327\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166854327\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1748789401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046230471\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064319583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116031726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2525626228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597410197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798279033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893373014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894570760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969829800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014803974\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015902292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034488128\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084035636\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118861474\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185074371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213347163\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225144612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243954785\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281774703\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292791729\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302424620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306408159\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316016059\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390227433\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409843587\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018132997\",\"display_name\":\"Lorenzo Pasquini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-7061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073642716\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Vohryzek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-5054\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027614540\",\"display_name\":\"Anira Escrichs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6482-9737\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091490801\",\"display_name\":\"Yonatan Sanz Perl\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1270-5564\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059409168\",\"display_name\":\"Adrián Ponce-Alvarez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-7392\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135135782\",\"display_name\":\"Sebastian Idesis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-1673\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017398137\",\"display_name\":\"Manesh Girn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-4273\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139783089\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078452831\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer Mitchell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-8129\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032146606\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Gazzaley\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110937167\",\"display_name\":\"Morten Kringelbach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139833133\",\"display_name\":\"Robin L. Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963275\",\"display_name\":\"Gustavo Deco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8995-7583\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S121666818\",\"source_display_name\":\"Human Brain Mapping\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70596\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166854327" }, { "id": 3023, "title": "Distinct brain responses to psilocybin and escitalopram in depression captured by the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem", "normalized_title": "distinct brain responses to psilocybin and escitalopram in depression captured by the fluctuation dissipation theorem", "authors": "Dagnino PC, Acero-Pousa I, Zamora-López G, Escrichs A, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Sanz Perl Y, Kringelbach ML, Deco G.", "abstract": "In recent decades, the psychedelic psilocybin has been studied as a potential treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), offering an alternative to traditional antidepressants. However, the brain changes underlying the clinical effects of different interventions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of psilocybin and a conventional antidepressant, escitalopram, from the double-blind randomised controlled trial (DB-RCT) - NCT03429075 - on the brain’s hierarchical organisation. Using pre- and post-treatment resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we built whole-brain models and obtained a generative effective connectivity (GEC) matrix for each patient. Based on the GEC, we measured the level of non-equilibrium brain dynamics by quantifying the deviation from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) and performed complementary analysis on brain segregation and asymmetry. Our results showed opposite reconfigurations of the hierarchical non-equilibrium brain dynamics following each treatment. Additionally, baseline measures effectively distinguished responders from non-responders within each treatment. These findings suggest that the deviation of the FDT may serve as a marker for differentiating the effects of psilocybin and escitalopram in MDD treatment, overall, contributing to the understanding of therapeutic mechanisms of depression.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-06-15", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.06.12.731811", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.06.12.731811", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1253375\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Biomarkers,Aging,Randomized Controlled Trial", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 119, "title": "Human brain changes after first psilocybin use.", "normalized_title": "human brain changes after first psilocybin use", "authors": "Lyons T, Spriggs M, Kerkelä L, Rosas FE, Roseman L, Mediano PAM, Timmermann C, Oestreich L, Pagni BA, Zeifman RJ, Hampshire A, Trender W, Douglass HM, Girn M, Godfrey K, Kettner H, Sharif F, Espasiano L, Gazzaley A, Wall MB, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Psychedelics have robust effects on acute brain function and long-term behavior but whether they also cause enduring functional and anatomical brain changes is largely unknown. In an exploratory, placebo-controlled, within-subjects, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in 28 healthy, entirely psychedelic-naive participants, anatomical and functional brain changes are detected from one-hour to one-month after a single high-dose (25 mg) of psilocybin. Increases in cognitive flexibility, psychological insight, and well-being are seen at one-month. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) done before and one-month after 25 mg psilocybin reveals decreased axial diffusivity bilaterally in prefrontal-subcortical tracts that correlate with decreases in brain network modularity (fMRI) over the same month. Enduring functional brain changes are largely absent, but network modularity change (numerical decrease) negatively correlates with well-being change (significant increase), in line with previous findings in depression. Increased cortical signal entropy (EEG) at 1- and 2-hours post-dosing predicts improved psychological well-being at one-month. Next-day psychological insight mediates the entropy to well-being relationship. All effects are exclusive to 25 mg psilocybin; no effects occur with a 1 mg psilocybin placebo.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-05-04", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-71962-3", "pubmed_id": "42086570", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71962-3", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electroencephalography, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Psilocybin, Psychological Well-Being, Cognitive Flexibility", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42086570\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Aging,Wellbeing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3216, "title": "Accurate and Interpretable Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Response from Receptor-informed Neuroimaging", "normalized_title": "accurate and interpretable prediction of antidepressant treatment response from receptor informed neuroimaging", "authors": "Tolle HM, Luppi AI, Lawn T, Roseman L, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris RL, Mediano PAM.", "abstract": "Conventional antidepressants show moderate efficacy in treating major depressive disorder. Psychedelic-assisted therapy holds promise, yet individual responses vary, underscoring the need for predictive tools to guide treatment selection. Here, we present graphTRIP (graph-based Treatment Response Interpretability and Prediction) - a geometric deep learning architecture that enables three advances: 1) accurate prediction of post-treatment depression severity using only pretreatment clinical and neuroimaging data; 2) identification of robust biomarkers; and 3) causal analysis of treatment effects and underlying mechanisms. Trained on data from a clinical trial comparing psilocybin and escitalopram ( NCT03429075 ), graphTRIP achieves strong predictive accuracy ( r = 0.72, p = 6.8 ×10 −8 ), and shows clear generalization to both an independent dataset and across brain atlases. The model identifies stronger functional connectivity within sensory networks as a robust predictor of poorer response across both treatments. In contrast, causal analysis implicates frontoparietal and default mode networks as key moderators of differential response, with stronger 5-HT1A- and 5-HT2A-related signalling in the frontoparietal network predicting escitalopram response but psilocybin resistance. Overall, this work advances precision medicine and biomarker discovery in depression.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-02", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.07.02.662710", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.02.662710", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1046304\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Biomarkers,Aging,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 635, "title": "Exploring serotonergic psychedelics as a treatment for personality disorders.", "normalized_title": "exploring serotonergic psychedelics as a treatment for personality disorders", "authors": "Carrithers BM, Roberts DE, Weiss BM, King JD, Carhart-Harris RL, Gordon AR, Pagni BA, Moreau M, Ross S, Zeifman RJ", "abstract": "Both psychotherapeutic interventions and pharmacological agents have demonstrated limited efficacy in the treatment of personality disorders (PDs). Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelic therapy, already showing promise in treating various psychiatric conditions commonly comorbid with PDs, may exert therapeutic effects by promoting adaptive changes in personality. Thus, psychedelic therapy could hold potential for addressing core features of PDs through shared mechanisms of personality modulation. Although historical literature and observational studies suggest the potential clinical utility of psychedelics in treating PDs, rigorous research is lacking, and individuals with PDs are often excluded from modern psychedelic therapy trials. In the present review, we first discuss research on the effects of psychedelics in individuals with a PD through the conventional lens of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR) categorical model. Next, using the dimensional DSM Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (DSM-AMPD) as a framework, we examine how psychedelics may affect self-functioning, interpersonal functioning, and pathological personality traits. We conclude by discussing the clinical relevance of psychedelic therapy as a treatment for personality pathology, including safety considerations, gaps and limitations, and recommendations for approaching psychedelic therapy within these more complex clinical populations.", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110413", "pubmed_id": "40081794", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40081794/", "keywords": "Personality disorders, Personality traits, Psilocybin-assisted therapy, Psychedelics, Psychopharmacology, Psychotherapy", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40081794\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Personality Change,Review Article,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 889, "title": "Human neuroimaging: fMRI.", "normalized_title": "human neuroimaging fmri", "authors": "Wall MB, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Human neuroimaging with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging has been a key feature of the current wave of psychedelic research, in both healthy and clinical populations. The available data has suggested that classic psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, DMT) have a characteristic effect of acutely and profoundly disrupting the normal pattern of resting-state connectivity in the human brain, and that this effect may be closely related to both the characteristic subjective phenomenology of psychedelics, and their more clinically-relevant longer-term effects on emotional brain systems. This chapter briefly outlines the basic methodological background of fMRI, and then provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of psychedelic drug action as revealed by task and resting-state fMRI, in both non-clinical and clinical cohorts. Current limitations of the field are largely addressable by ongoing and future work, particularly in terms of providing additional datasets, increased standardisation of data acquisition and analysis procedures, potential multi-modal imaging studies, and more open data-sharing. Neuroimaging with fMRI remains a central platform of modern psychedelic research, with implications for our mechanistic understanding of psychedelics, as well as a strong influence on the clinical development of psychedelic-based treatments.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-06-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.013", "pubmed_id": "40541308", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.013", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40541308\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Aging,Emotional Processing,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3108, "title": "Long-term effects of psilocybin on dynamic and effectivity connectivity of fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits", "normalized_title": "long term effects of psilocybin on dynamic and effectivity connectivity of fronto striatal thalamic circuits", "authors": "Pasquini L, Vohryzek J, Escrichs A, Sanz Perl Y, Ponce-Alvarez A, Idesis S, Girn M, Roseman L, Mitchell JM, Gazzaley A, Kringelbach M, Nutt DJ, Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL, Deco G.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has been shown to induce fast and sustained improvements in mental well-being across various populations, yet its long-term mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Initial evidence suggests that longitudinal functional and structural brain changes implicate fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) circuitry, a broad system involved in goal-directed behavior and motivational states. Here, we apply empirical methods and computational modeling to resting-state fMRI data from a within-subject longitudinal psilocybin trial in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. We first show increases in FST dynamic activity four weeks after a full dose of psilocybin. We then proceed to mechanistically account for these increased dynamics, by showing that reduced structural constraints underlie increased FST dynamic activity post psilocybin. Further, we show that these reduced structural constraints come along with increased bottom-up and reduced top-down modulation of FST circuits. While cortical reductions in top-down modulation are linked to regional 5-HT2A receptor availability, increased information outflow via subcortical and limbic regions relate to local D2 receptor availability. Together, these findings show that increased FST flexibility weeks after psilocybin administration is linked to serotonergic-mediated decreases in top-down information flow and dopaminergic-mediated increases in bottom-up information flow. This long-term functional re-organization of FST circuits may represent a common mechanism underling the potential clinical efficacy of psilocybin across various neuropsychiatric disorders including substance abuse, major depression, and anorexia. Significance Statement Fronto-striatal-thalamic systems, which underlie motivation and reward, go through profound functional and structural changes following psilocybin administration. We leveraged longitudinal fMRI data from a within-subject psilocybin trial in psychedelic-naïve healthy participants to show that psilocybin increases fronto-striatal-thalamic dynamic activity as well as flexibility four weeks after dosing. Computational modeling revealed that this increased flexibility is mechanistically caused by reduced structural constraints on functional dynamics. Further long-term changes included increased bottom-up and reduced top-down information flow mediated by the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. This long-term functional re-organization of fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits may reflect a common mechanism underlying clinical symptoms improvements across diagnostic groups, such as increased openness, improved well-being, and reductions in anhedonia, apathy, and substance craving.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-11-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.11.06.622302", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.06.622302", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR936542\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1128, "title": "Time-resolved coupling between connectome harmonics and subjective experience under the psychedelic DMT", "normalized_title": "time resolved coupling between connectome harmonics and subjective experience under the psychedelic dmt", "authors": "Vohryzek J, Luppi A, Atasoy S, Deco G, Timmermann C, Carhart-Harris RL, Kringelbach ML.", "abstract": "Exploring the intricate relationship between brain's structure and function, and how this affects subjective experience is a fundamental pursuit in neuroscience. Psychedelic substances offer a unique insight into the influences of specific neurotransmitter systems on perception, cognition and consciousness. Specifically, their impact on brain function propagates across the structural connectome, a network of white matter pathways linking different regions. To comprehensively grasp the effects of psychedelic compounds on brain function, we used a theoretically rigorous framework known as connectome harmonic decomposition. This framework provides a robust method to characterize how brain function intricately depends on the organized network structure of the human connectome. We show that the connectome harmonic repertoire under DMT is reshaped in line with other reported psychedelic compounds; psilocybin, LSD and ketamine. Furthermore, we show that the repertoire entropy of connectome harmonics increases under DMT, as with those other psychedelics. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that measures of energy spectrum difference and repertoire entropy of connectome harmonics indexes the intensity of subjective experience of the participants in a time-resolved manner reflecting close coupling between connectome harmonics and subjective experience.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-05-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.05.30.596410", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.30.596410", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR860621\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3282, "title": "The Temporal Trajectory of the Psychedelic Mushroom Experience Mimics the Narrative Arc of the Hero’s Journey", "normalized_title": "the temporal trajectory of the psychedelic mushroom experience mimics the narrative arc of the hero s journey", "authors": "Brouwer A, Brown JK, Erowid E, Erowid F, Thyssen S, Raison CL, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Abstract Psychedelic therapy has the potential to become a revolutionary and transdiagnostic mental health treatment, yielding enduring benefits that are often attributed to the experiences that coincide with peak psychedelic effects. However, there may be an underrecognized temporal structure to this process that helps explain why psychedelic and related altered states of consciousness can have a initially distressing but ultimately a distress-resolving effect. Here we present a qualitative analysis of the self-reported ‘comeup’ or onset phase, and ‘comedown’ or falling phase, of the psychedelic experience. Focusing on psilocybin or psilocybin-containing mushrooms, we show that the comeup is more often characterized by negatively valenced feeling states, while the comedown phase is more often characterized by positively valenced feeling states of the sort often observed following recovery from illness or adversity. In this way, the temporal trajectory of the psychedelic experience could be seen to mimic the narrative arc of the monomythical ‘Hero’s Journey’.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2024-02-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3941205/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3941205/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR810141\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Consciousness,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1286, "title": "Psilocybin and Other Classic Psychedelics in Depression.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and other classic psychedelics in depression", "authors": "Nutt DJ, Peill JM, Weiss B, Godfrey K, Carhart-Harris RL, Erritzoe D.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and ketamine are returning to clinical research and intervention across several disorders including the treatment of depression. This chapter focusses on psychedelics that specifically target the 5-HT2A receptor such as psilocybin and DMT. These produce plasma-concentration related psychological effects such as hallucinations and out of body experiences, insightful and emotional breakthroughs as well as mystical-type experiences. When coupled with psychological support, effects can produce a rapid improvement in mood among people with depression that can last for months. In this chapter, we summarise the scientific studies to date that explore the use of psychedelics in depressed individuals, highlighting key clinical, psychological and neuroimaging features of psychedelics that may account for their therapeutic effects. These include alterations in brain entropy that disrupt fixed negative ruminations, a period of post-treatment increased cognitive flexibility, and changes in self-referential psychological processes. Finally, we propose that the brain mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of serotonergic psychedelics might be distinct from those underlying classical serotonin reuptake-blocking antidepressants.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2023_451", "pubmed_id": "37955822", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2023_451", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37955822\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3342, "title": "Statistical diversity distinguishes global states of consciousness", "normalized_title": "statistical diversity distinguishes global states of consciousness", "authors": "Starkey J, Carhart-Harris RL, Pigorini A, Nobili L, Barrett AB.", "abstract": "Application of complexity measures to neurophysiological time series has seen increased use in recent years to identify neural correlates of global states of consciousness. Lempel-Ziv complexity is currently the de-facto complexity measure used in these investigations. However, by simply counting the number of patterns, this measure theoretically takes its maximum value for data that are completely random. Recently, a measure of ‘statistical complexity’ - which calculates the diversity of statistical interactions - has been devised which aims to account for and remove randomness seen in data. It was recently found that this measure decreases during anaesthesia in fruit flies. This paper investigates this statistical complexity measure on human neurophysiology data from different stages of sleep, and from individuals under the effects of three psychedelic substances: ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin. Results indicate that statistical complexity: (i) differentiates the different stages of sleep analogously to Lempel-Ziv complexity; (ii) increases relative to placebo for all three psychedelic substances. Thus, statistical complexity is a useful alternative measure for investigating the complexity of neural activity associated with different states of consciousness.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-12-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.12.05.570101", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.05.570101", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR770814\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Consciousness,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3351, "title": "The entropic heart: Tracking the psychedelic state via heart rate dynamics", "normalized_title": "the entropic heart tracking the psychedelic state via heart rate dynamics", "authors": "Rosas FE, Mediano PA, Timmermann C, Luppi AI, Candia-Rivera D, Abbasi-Asl R, Gazzaley A, Kringelbach ML, Muthukumaraswamy S, Bor D, Garfinkel S, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "A growing body of work shows that autonomic signals provide a privileged evidence-stream to capture various aspects of subjective and neural states. This work investigates the potential for autonomic markers to track the effects of psychedelics - potent psychoactive drugs with important scientific and clinical value. For this purpose, we introduce a novel Bayesian framework to estimate the entropy of heart rate dynamics under psychedelics. We also calculate Bayesian estimates of mean heart rate and heart rate variability, and investigate how these measures relate to subjective reports and neural effects. Results on datasets covering four drugs - lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, and sub-anaesthetic doses of the dissociative agent ketamine - show consistent increases in mean heart rate, high-frequency heart rate variability, and heart rate entropy during the psychedelic experience. Moreover, these effects have predictive power over various dimensions of the psychedelic experience. Changes in heart rate entropy were found to be correlated with increases in brain entropy, while other autonomic markers were not. Overall, our results show that a cost-efficient autonomic measure has the potential to reveal surprising detail about subjective and brain states, opening up a range of new research avenues to explore in both basic and clinical neuroscience.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-11-08", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.11.07.566008", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.07.566008", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR756922\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Biomarkers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1293, "title": "Personality Change in a Trial of Psilocybin Therapy vs Escitalopram Treatment for Depression - CORRIGENDUM.", "normalized_title": "personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy vs escitalopram treatment for depression corrigendum", "authors": "Weiss B, Ginige I, Shannon L, Giribaldi B, Murphy-Beiner A, Murphy R, Baker-Jones M, Martell J, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Erritzoe D.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-07-18", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1017/s0033291723002039", "pubmed_id": "37466289", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723002039", "keywords": "Humans, Citalopram, Hallucinogens, Depression, Personality, Personality Disorders, Psilocybin, Escitalopram", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37466289\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Personality Change", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3153, "title": "Reduced brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli with escitalopram but not psilocybin therapy for depression", "normalized_title": "reduced brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli with escitalopram but not psilocybin therapy for depression", "authors": "Wall MB, Demetriou L, Giribaldi B, Roseman L, Ertl N, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy is an emerging intervention for depression that may be at least as effective as standard first-line treatments i.e., Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Here we assess neural responses to emotional faces (fear, happy, and neutral) using Blood Oxygen-Level Dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in two groups with major depressive disorder: 1) a ‘psilocybin group’ that received two dosing sessions with 25mg plus six weeks of daily placebo, and 2) an ‘escitalopram group’ that received six weeks of the SSRI escitalopram, plus two dosing sessions with an inactive/placebo dose of 1mg psilocybin. Both groups had an equal amount of psychological support throughout. An emotional face fMRI paradigm was completed at baseline (pre-treatment) and at the six-week post-treatment primary endpoint (three weeks following psilocybin dosing sessions). An analysis examining the interaction between patient group (psilocybin vs. escitalopram) and time-point (pre-vs. post-treatment) showed a robust effect in a distributed network of cortical brain regions. Follow-up analyses showed that post-treatment BOLD responses to emotional faces of all types were significantly reduced in the escitalopram group, with no change, or even a slight increase, in the psilocybin group. Specific analyses of the amygdala showed a reduction of response to fear faces in the escitalopram group, but no effects for the psilocybin group. Despite large improvements in depressive symptoms in the psilocybin group, psilocybin-therapy had only a minor effect on brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli. We suggest that reduced emotional responsiveness may be a biomarker of SSRIs’ antidepressant action that is not shared by psilocybin-therapy.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-06-02", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.05.29.23290667", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.29.23290667", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR670172\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1487, "title": "Time-resolved network control analysis links reduced control energy under DMT with the serotonin 2a receptor, signal diversity, and subjective experience", "normalized_title": "time resolved network control analysis links reduced control energy under dmt with the serotonin 2a receptor signal diversity and subjective experience", "authors": "Singleton SP, Timmermann C, Luppi AI, Eckernäs E, Roseman L, Carhart-Harris RL, Kuceyeski A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics offer a profound window into the functioning of the human brain and mind through their robust acute effects on perception, subjective experience, and brain activity patterns. In recent work using a receptor-informed network control theory framework, we demonstrated that the serotonergic psychedelics lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin flatten the brain’s control energy landscape in a manner that covaries with more dynamic and entropic brain activity. Contrary to LSD and psilocybin, whose effects last for hours, the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) rapidly induces a profoundly immersive altered state of consciousness lasting less than 20 minutes, allowing for the entirety of the drug experience to be captured during a single resting-state fMRI scan. Using network control theory, which quantifies the amount of input necessary to drive transitions between functional brain states, we integrate brain structure and function to map the energy trajectories of 14 individuals undergoing fMRI during DMT and placebo. Consistent with previous work, we find that global control energy is reduced following injection with DMT compared to placebo. We additionally show longitudinal trajectories of global control energy correlate with longitudinal trajectories of EEG signal diversity (a measure of entropy) and subjective ratings of drug intensity. We interrogate these same relationships on a regional level and find that the spatial patterns of DMT’s effects on these metrics are correlated with serotonin 2a receptor density (obtained from separately acquired PET data). Using receptor distribution and pharmacokinetic information, we were able to successfully recapitulate the effects of DMT on global control energy trajectories, demonstrating a proof-of-concept for the use of control models in predicting pharmacological intervention effects on brain dynamics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-05-11", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.05.11.540409", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.11.540409", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR659698\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1528, "title": "Canalization and plasticity in psychopathology.", "normalized_title": "canalization and plasticity in psychopathology", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Chandaria S, Erritzoe DE, Gazzaley A, Girn M, Kettner H, Mediano PAM, Nutt DJ, Rosas FE, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Weiss B, Zeifman RJ, Friston KJ.", "abstract": "This theoretical article revives a classical bridging construct, canalization, to describe a new model of a general factor of psychopathology. To achieve this, we have distinguished between two types of plasticity, an early one that we call 'TEMP' for 'Temperature or Entropy Mediated Plasticity', and another, we call 'canalization', which is close to Hebbian plasticity. These two forms of plasticity can be most easily distinguished by their relationship to 'precision' or inverse variance; TEMP relates to increased model variance or decreased precision, whereas the opposite is true for canalization. TEMP also subsumes increased learning rate, (Ising) temperature and entropy. Dictionary definitions of 'plasticity' describe it as the property of being easily shaped or molded; TEMP is the better match for this. Importantly, we propose that 'pathological' phenotypes develop via mechanisms of canalization or increased model precision, as a defensive response to adversity and associated distress or dysphoria. Our model states that canalization entrenches in psychopathology, narrowing the phenotypic state-space as the agent develops expertise in their pathology. We suggest that TEMP - combined with gently guiding psychological support - can counter canalization. We address questions of whether and when canalization is adaptive versus maladaptive, furnish our model with references to basic and human neuroscience, and offer concrete experiments and measures to test its main hypotheses and implications. This article is part of the Special Issue on \"National Institutes of Health Psilocybin Research Speaker Series\".", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-12-26", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109398", "pubmed_id": "36584883", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109398", "keywords": "Humans, Learning, Phenotype, United States, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36584883\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1602, "title": "Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "body mass index bmi does not predict responses to psilocybin", "authors": "Spriggs MJ, Giribaldi B, Lyons T, Rosas FE, Kärtner LS, Buchborn T, Douglass HM, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist and naturally occurring psychedelic. 5-HT2A receptor density is known to be associated with body mass index (BMI), however, the impact of this on psilocybin therapy has not been explored. While body weight-adjusted dosing is widely used, this imposes a practical and financial strain on the scalability of psychedelic therapy. This gap between evidence and practice is caused by the absence of studies clarifying the relationship between BMI, the acute psychedelic experience and long-term psychological outcomes.MethodData were pooled across three studies using a fixed 25 mg dose of psilocybin delivered in a therapeutic context to assess whether BMI predicts characteristics of the acute experience and changes in well-being 2 weeks later. Supplementing frequentist analysis with Bayes Factors has enabled for conclusions to be drawn regarding the null hypothesis.ResultsResults support the null hypothesis that BMI does not predict overall intensity of the altered state, mystical experiences, perceptual changes or emotional breakthroughs during the acute experience. There was weak evidence for greater 'dread of ego dissolution' in participants with lower BMI, however, further analysis suggested BMI did not meaningfully add to the combination of the other covariates (age, sex and study). While mystical-type experiences and emotional breakthroughs were strong predictors of improvements in well-being, BMI was not.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for our understanding of pharmacological and extra-pharmacological contributors to psychedelic-assisted therapy and for the standardization of a fixed therapeutic dose in psychedelic-assisted therapy.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-11-13", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/02698811221131994", "pubmed_id": "36373934", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131994", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Body Mass Index, Bayes Theorem, Emotions, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36373934\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308952246\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308952246\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":15,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1966419092\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973927342\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978662219\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985465524\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989324273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993101534\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005441991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025861780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052725640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078501925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081861598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084658093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087193153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134099620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325134021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742569683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005218696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035524447\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097501343\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108632668\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112557491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152417644\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230096730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794773\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020498855\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando E. Rosas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044522468\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Kärtner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045797880\",\"display_name\":\"Tobias Buchborn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-5184\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031966441\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah Douglass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-385X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131994\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4308952246" }, { "id": 1668, "title": "Receptor-informed network control theory links LSD and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape.", "normalized_title": "receptor informed network control theory links lsd and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain s control energy landscape", "authors": "Singleton SP, Luppi AI, Carhart-Harris RL, Cruzat J, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Stamatakis EA, Kuceyeski A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin temporarily alter subjective experience through their neurochemical effects. Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonism by these compounds is associated with more diverse (entropic) brain activity. We postulate that this increase in entropy may arise in part from a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape, which can be observed using network control theory to quantify the energy required to transition between recurrent brain states. Using brain states derived from existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets, we show that LSD and psilocybin reduce control energy required for brain state transitions compared to placebo. Furthermore, across individuals, reduction in control energy correlates with more frequent state transitions and increased entropy of brain state dynamics. Through network control analysis that incorporates the spatial distribution of 5-HT2a receptors (obtained from publicly available positron emission tomography (PET) data under non-drug conditions), we demonstrate an association between the 5-HT2a receptor and reduced control energy. Our findings provide evidence that 5-HT2a receptor agonist compounds allow for more facile state transitions and more temporally diverse brain activity. More broadly, we demonstrate that receptor-informed network control theory can model the impact of neuropharmacological manipulation on brain activity dynamics.", "journal": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2022-10-02", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1", "pubmed_id": "36192411", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36192411\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":156,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973272857\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976623182\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999890357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000619457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006679756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024729467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064420997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067456724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072379803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077736018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077770566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094377986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100145912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122609459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135430763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142688387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147546041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148764920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165465442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170328207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170702893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297988641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2526529257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537847389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2548043919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2563279629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597410197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726287250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2764276205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765216222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766937272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790184875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803837136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2869293430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886105060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893373014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898334035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913125551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945067895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951377678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951617899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961423603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964054977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971683016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979305445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989698352\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991342487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998542624\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001784287\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012472614\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015902292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016831942\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026200696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039116382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044345421\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080221164\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084035636\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087272695\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089377940\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091722552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094017755\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097501343\",\"https://openalex.org/W3103071805\",\"https://openalex.org/W3104445344\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106028942\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113841452\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124266865\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136690591\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136858771\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155846106\",\"https://openalex.org/W3172751851\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224217494\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233957217\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247079904\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251222512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295750005\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"https://openalex.org/W6607999579\",\"https://openalex.org/W6969339067\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012511332\",\"display_name\":\"S. Parker Singleton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065968159\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea I. Luppi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6431\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074754048\",\"display_name\":\"Josephine Cruzat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-8657\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963275\",\"display_name\":\"Gustavo Deco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8995-7583\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043559110\",\"display_name\":\"Morten L. Kringelbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-6898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007542404\",\"display_name\":\"Emmanuel A. Stamatakis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-9601\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031732445\",\"display_name\":\"Amy Kuceyeski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-8342\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S64187185\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4300960088" }, { "id": 1719, "title": "Antidepressant effects of a psychedelic experience in a large prospective naturalistic sample.", "normalized_title": "antidepressant effects of a psychedelic experience in a large prospective naturalistic sample", "authors": "Nygart VA, Pommerencke LM, Haijen E, Kettner H, Kaelen M, Mortensen EL, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Erritzoe D", "abstract": "Over the last two decades, a number of studies have highlighted the potential of psychedelic therapy. However, questions remain to what extend these results translate to naturalistic samples, and how contextual factors and the acute psychedelic experience relate to improvements in affective symptoms following psychedelic experiences outside labs/clinics. The present study sought to address this knowledge gap. Here, we aimed to investigate changes in anxiety and depression scores before versus after psychedelic experiences in naturalistic contexts, and how various pharmacological, extrapharmacological and experience factors related to outcomes. Individuals who planned to undergo a psychedelic experience were enrolled in this online survey study. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks post-psychedelic experience, with self-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR-16) as the primary outcome. To facilitate clinical translation, only participants with depressive symptoms at baseline were included. Sample sizes for the four time points were = 302, = 182, = 155 and = 109, respectively. Relative to baseline, reductions in depressive symptoms were observed at 2 and 4 weeks. A medicinal motive, previous psychedelic use, drug dose and the type of acute psychedelic experience (i.e. specifically, having an emotional breakthrough) were all significantly associated with changes in self-rated QIDS-SR-16. These results lend support to therapeutic potential of psychedelics and highlight the influence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors in determining response. Mindful of a potential sample and attrition bias, further controlled and observational longitudinal studies are needed to test the replicability of these findings.", "journal": "Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)", "publication_date": "2022-07-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/02698811221101061", "pubmed_id": "35924888", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35924888/", "keywords": "Psychedelics, anxiety, depression, mystical experience, psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"35924888\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3372, "title": "Mapping Pharmacologically-induced Functional Reorganisation onto the Brain’s Neurotransmitter Landscape", "normalized_title": "mapping pharmacologically induced functional reorganisation onto the brain s neurotransmitter landscape", "authors": "Luppi AI, Hansen JY, Adapa R, Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Golkowski D, Golkowski D, Ranft A, Ilg R, Jordan D, Bonhomme V, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Demertzi A, Jaquet O, Bahri MA, Alnagger NL, Cardone P, Peattie ARD, Manktelow AE, de Araujo DB, Sensi SL, Owen AM, Naci L, Menon DK, Misic B, Stamatakis EA.", "abstract": "To understand how pharmacological interventions can exert their powerful effects on brain function, we need to understand how they engage the brain’s rich neurotransmitter landscape. Here, we bridge microscale molecular chemoarchitecture and pharmacologically-induced macroscale functional reorganisation, by relating the regional distribution of 19 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters obtained from Positron Emission Tomography, and the regional changes in functional MRI connectivity induced by 10 different mind-altering drugs: propofol, sevoflurane, ketamine, LSD, psilocybin, DMT, ayahuasca, MDMA, modafinil, and methylphenidate. Our results reveal that psychoactive drugs exert their effects on brain function by engaging multiple neurotransmitter systems. The effects of both anaesthetics and psychedelics on brain function are organised along hierarchical gradients of brain structure and function. Finally, we show that regional co-susceptibility to pharmacological interventions recapitulates co-susceptibility to disorder-induced structural alterations. Collectively, these results highlight rich statistical patterns relating molecular chemoarchitecture and drug-induced reorganisation of the brain’s functional architecture.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-07-12", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.07.12.499688", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.12.499688", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR518432\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3131, "title": "Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression", "normalized_title": "brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Vohryzek J, Cabral J, Lord L, Fernandes HM, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Deco G, Kringelbach ML.", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here we leveraged the differential outcome in responders and non-responders to psilocybin (10mg and 25mg, 7 days apart) therapy for depression - to gain new insights into regions and networks implicated in the restoration of healthy brain dynamics. We used whole-brain modelling to fit the spatiotemporal brain dynamics at rest in both responders and non-responders before treatment. Dynamic sensitivity analysis of systematic perturbation of these models enabled us to identify specific brain regions implicated in a transition from a depressive brain state to a heathy one. Binarizing the sample into treatment responders (>50% reduction in depressive symptoms) versus non-responders enabled us to identify a subset of regions implicated in this change. Interestingly, these regions correlate with in vivo density maps of serotonin receptors 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A, which psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, has an appreciable affinity for, and where it acts as a full-to-partial agonist. Serotonergic transmission has long been associated with depression and our findings provide causal mechanistic evidence for the role of brain regions in the recovery from depression via psilocybin.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-07-03", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.06.30.497950", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.30.497950", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR521801\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3731, "title": "Psychedelic resting-state neuroimaging: A review and perspective on balancing replication and novel analyses.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic resting state neuroimaging a review and perspective on balancing replication and novel analyses", "authors": "McCulloch DE, Knudsen GM, Barrett FS, Doss MK, Carhart-Harris RL, Rosas FE, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Preller KH, Ramaekers JG, Mason NL, Müller F, Fisher PM", "abstract": "Clinical research into serotonergic psychedelics is expanding rapidly, showing promising efficacy across myriad disorders. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a commonly used strategy to identify psychedelic-induced changes in neural pathways in clinical and healthy populations. Here we, a large group of psychedelic imaging researchers, review the 42 research articles published to date, based on the 17 unique studies evaluating psychedelic effects on rs-fMRI, focusing on methodological variation. Prominently, we observe that nearly all studies vary in data processing and analysis methodology, two datasets are the foundation of over half of the published literature, and there is lexical ambiguity in common outcome metric terminology. We offer guidelines for future studies that encourage coherence in the field. Psychedelic rs-fMRI will benefit from the development of novel methods that expand our understanding of the brain mechanisms mediating its intriguing effects; yet, this field is at a crossroads where we must also consider the critical importance of consistency and replicability to effectively converge on stable representations of the neural effects of psychedelics.", "journal": "Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews", "publication_date": "2022-06-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104689", "pubmed_id": "35588933", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35588933/", "keywords": "Ayahausca, Clinical, DMT, Entheogen, FMRI, Hallucinogen, Human, LSD, Neuroimaging, Psilocin, Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Replication, Resting-state, Serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:08:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"35588933\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3227, "title": "Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression", "normalized_title": "increased low frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression", "authors": "Wall MB, Lam C, Ertl N, Kaelen M, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy with psilocybin is an emerging therapy with great promise for depression, and modern psychedelic therapy (PT) methods incorporate music as a key element. Music is an effective emotional/hedonic stimulus that could also be useful in assessing changes in emotional responsiveness following psychedelic therapy. Brain responses to music were assessed before and after PT using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and ALFF (Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations) analysis methods. Nineteen patients with treatment-resistant depression underwent two treatment sessions involving administration of psilocybin, with MRI data acquired one week prior and the day after completion of the second of two psilocybin dosing sessions. Comparison of music-listening and resting-state scans revealed significantly greater ALFF in bilateral superior temporal cortex for the post-treatment music scan, and in the right ventral occipital lobe for the post-treatment resting-state scan. ROI analyses of these clusters revealed a significant effect of treatment in the superior temporal lobe for the music scan only. Somewhat consistently, voxelwise comparison of treatment effects showed relative increases for the music scan in the bilateral superior temporal lobes and supramarginal gyrus, and relative decreases in the medial frontal lobes for the resting-state scan. ALFF in these music-related clusters was significantly correlated with intensity of subjective effects felt during the dosing sessions. These data suggest a specific effect of PT on the brain’s response to a hedonic stimulus (music), implying an elevated responsiveness to music after psilocybin therapy that was related to subjective drug effects felt during dosing.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-02-14", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.02.13.480302", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.13.480302", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR454661\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Aging,Emotional Processing,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1894, "title": "Study Protocol for \"Psilocybin as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study\".", "normalized_title": "study protocol for psilocybin as a treatment for anorexia nervosa a pilot study", "authors": "Spriggs MJ, Douglass HM, Park RJ, Read T, Danby JL, de Magalhães FJC, Alderton KL, Williams TM, Blemings A, Lafrance A, Nicholls DE, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and life-threatening psychiatric condition. With a paucity of approved treatments, there is a desperate need for novel treatment avenues to be explored. Here, we present (1) an overview of the ways through which Public Patient Involvement (PPI) has informed a trial of psilocybin-assisted therapy for AN and (2) a protocol for a pilot study of psilocybin-assisted therapy in AN currently underway at Imperial College London. The study aims to assess the feasibility, brain mechanisms and preliminary outcomes of treating anorexia nervosa with psilocybin. Methods: (1) PPI: Across two online focus groups, eleven individuals with lived experience of AN were presented with an overview of the protocol. Their feedback not only identified solutions to possible barriers for future participants, but also helped the research team to better understand the concept of \"recovery\" from the perspective of those with lived experience. (2) Protocol: Twenty female participants [21-65 years old, body mass index (BMI) 15 kg/m2 or above] will receive three oral doses of psilocybin (up to 25 mg) over a 6-week period delivered in a therapeutic environment and enveloped by psychological preparation and integration. We will work with participant support networks (care teams and an identified support person) throughout and there will be an extended remote follow-up period of 12 months. Our two-fold primary outcomes are (1) psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination) across the 6-month follow-up and (2) readiness and motivation to engage in recovery (Readiness and Motivation Questionnaire) across the 6-week trial period. Neurophysiological outcome measures will be: (1) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain changes from baseline to 6-week endpoint and (2) post-acute changes in electroencephalography (EEG) activity, including an electrophysiological marker of neuronal plasticity. Discussion: The results of this pilot study will not only shed light on the acceptability, brain mechanisms, and impression of the potential efficacy of psilocybin as an adjunct treatment for AN but will be essential in shaping a subsequent Randomised Control Trial (RCT) that would test this treatment against a suitable control condition. Clinical Trial Registration: identifier: NCT04505189.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-10-19", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735523", "pubmed_id": "34744825", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735523", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34744825\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":77,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W177665397\",\"https://openalex.org/W1539080424\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582817391\",\"https://openalex.org/W1837771937\",\"https://openalex.org/W1878245264\",\"https://openalex.org/W1943609665\",\"https://openalex.org/W1952364077\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970318334\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972883514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973458855\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974382741\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976542126\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981285692\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981459575\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985360536\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988282056\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991871955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000555003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001008250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001014081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002124662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007979815\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013438164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023708345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038922882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041739084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044264234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047075210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047503435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047897331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052187731\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052599529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054473025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063060750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071540121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082026334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083421787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087193153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093440362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093980670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095775008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097917677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102170277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102986375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108133644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111492285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112825966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116718201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116839388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132322340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135158960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136280188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137076004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138090836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143342727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147152259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147397794\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147521964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150065101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152696551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160248121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166272087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168931129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170182466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2262920652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287055710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328733634\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340013527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346040660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2564469912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588781715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595116262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2609277977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610531139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617353623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2707442400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735119936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739751169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753858316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753989225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2777124046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788426530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890219712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901877120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905367151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914765137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916581531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952076508\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981183831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985188679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991395858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005218696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013572410\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021005589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022327360\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034560361\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036067965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038727441\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042324290\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047161913\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3060925268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093680025\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3100714436\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108248096\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112733625\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337572\",\"https://openalex.org/W3130953724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204295756\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210978544\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226030869\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232698832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300441743\",\"https://openalex.org/W6681040228\",\"https://openalex.org/W6692899560\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031966441\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah Douglass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-385X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005010143\",\"display_name\":\"Rebecca J. Park\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-4409\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083068952\",\"display_name\":\"Tim Read\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-4848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046578118\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer L. Danby\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112142761\",\"display_name\":\"Frederico José Coelho de Magalhães\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008058826\",\"display_name\":\"Kirsty L. Alderton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048534479\",\"display_name\":\"Allan Blemings\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035542356\",\"display_name\":\"Adèle Lafrance\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-7786\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030053635\",\"display_name\":\"Dasha Nicholls\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-6605\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735523\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Biomarkers,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3205506305" }, { "id": 2149, "title": "Sustained, Multifaceted Improvements in Mental Well-Being Following Psychedelic Experiences in a Prospective Opportunity Sample.", "normalized_title": "sustained multifaceted improvements in mental well being following psychedelic experiences in a prospective opportunity sample", "authors": "Mans K, Kettner H, Erritzoe D, Haijen ECHM, Kaelen M, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "In the last 15 years, psychedelic substances, such as LSD and psilocybin, have regained legitimacy in clinical research. In the general population as well as across various psychiatric populations, mental well-being has been found to significantly improve after a psychedelic experience. Mental well-being has large socioeconomic relevance, but it is a complex, multifaceted construct. In this naturalistic observational study, a comprehensive approach was taken to assessing well-being before and after a taking a psychedelic compound to induce a \"psychedelic experience.\" Fourteen measures of well-being related constructs were included in order to examine the breadth and specificity of change in well-being. This change was then analysed to examine clusters of measures changing together. Survey data was collected from volunteers that intended to take a psychedelic. Four key time points were analysed: 1 week before and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 years after the experience (N = 654, N = 315, N = 212, and N = 64, respectively). Change on the included measures was found to cluster into three factors which we labelled: 1) \"Being well\", 2) \"Staying well,\" and 3) \"Spirituality.\" Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed all but the spirituality factor to be improved in the weeks following the psychedelic experience. Additional Mixed model analyses revealed selective increases in Being Well and Staying Well (but not Spirituality) that remained statistically significant up to 2 years post-experience, albeit with high attrition rates. Post-hoc examination suggested that attrition was not due to differential acute experiences or mental-health changes in those who dropped out vs. those who did not. These findings suggest that psychedelics can have a broad, robust and sustained positive impact on mental well-being in those that have a prior intention to use a psychedelic compound. Public policy implications are discussed.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-06-28", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647909", "pubmed_id": "34267683", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647909", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34267683\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3174895070\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3174895070\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":64,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W110954331\",\"https://openalex.org/W582832642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1478790517\",\"https://openalex.org/W1502056772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1525408234\",\"https://openalex.org/W1869362176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1900412657\",\"https://openalex.org/W1910555369\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966524739\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966603703\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982872896\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988048929\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992646537\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993814443\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995156734\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003039094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004853152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012159028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025714662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036087550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037808094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038506024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049850769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051521144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055566656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063078923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064471675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067401440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088092198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101743268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102797406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114345484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120582212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127259621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135004468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135198973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139904909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140484936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149637903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155648052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156367904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165847290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166262899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169968595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2249595199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312418295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2467415720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2505361583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2523056141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2545275594\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567295262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606586703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608099725\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739110661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751045565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752858203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789137369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791765313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796377954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798132064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809718318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892664712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893135637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898717395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938570586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985188679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999812626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000674126\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002930728\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004031348\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010491167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044541442\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124068636\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124410800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158642864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229969541\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250386232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251347306\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252468642\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253343296\",\"https://openalex.org/W6631318266\",\"https://openalex.org/W6640013349\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003140933\",\"display_name\":\"Keri Mans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-4557\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012463698\",\"display_name\":\"Eline Haijen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1110-1486\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647909\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Wellbeing,Spirituality,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3174895070" }, { "id": 1867, "title": "Psychedelics and health behaviour change.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and health behaviour change", "authors": "Teixeira PJ, Johnson MW, Timmermann C, Watts R, Erritzoe D, Douglass H, Kettner H, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Healthful behaviours such as maintaining a balanced diet, being physically active and refraining from smoking have major impacts on the risk of developing cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and other serious conditions. The burden of the so-called 'lifestyle diseases'-in personal suffering, premature mortality and public health costs-is considerable. Consequently, interventions designed to promote healthy behaviours are increasingly being studied, e.g., using psychobiological models of behavioural regulation and change. In this article, we explore the notion that psychedelic substances such as psilocybin could be used to assist in promoting positive lifestyle change conducive to good overall health. Psilocybin has a low toxicity, is non-addictive and has been shown to predict favourable changes in patients with depression, anxiety and other conditions marked by rigid behavioural patterns, including substance (mis)use. While it is still early days for modern psychedelic science, research is advancing fast and results are promising. Here we describe psychedelics' proposed mechanisms of action and research findings pertinent to health behaviour change science, hoping to generate discussion and new research hypotheses linking the two areas. Therapeutic models including psychedelic experiences and common behaviour change methods (e.g., Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Motivational Interviewing) are already being tested for addiction and eating disorders. We believe this research may soon be extended to help promote improved diet, exercise, nature exposure and also mindfulness or stress reduction practices, all of which can contribute to physical and psychological health and well-being.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-05-28", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1177/02698811211008554", "pubmed_id": "34053342", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211008554", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Health Behavior, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin, Healthy Lifestyle", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34053342\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Wellbeing,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3269, "title": "LSD and psilocybin flatten the brain’s energy landscape: insights from receptor-informed network control theory", "normalized_title": "lsd and psilocybin flatten the brain s energy landscape insights from receptor informed network control theory", "authors": "Singleton SP, Luppi AI, Carhart-Harris RL, Cruzat J, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Stamatakis EA, Kuceyeski A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin offer a powerful window into the function of the human brain and mind, by temporarily altering subjective experience through their neurochemical effects. A recent model postulates that serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonism allows the brain to explore its dynamic landscape more readily, as reflected by more diverse (entropic) brain activity. We postulate that this increase in entropy may arise in part from a flattening of the brain’s control energy landscape, which can be observed using network control theory to quantify the energy required to transition between recurrent brain states measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals under LSD, psilocybin, and placebo conditions. We show that LSD and psilocybin reduce the amount of control energy required for brain state transitions, and, furthermore, that, across individuals, LSD’s reduction in control energy correlates with more frequent state transitions and increased entropy of brain state dynamics. Through network control analysis that incorporates the spatial distribution of 5-HT2a receptors from publicly available (non-drug) positron emission tomography (PET) maps, we demonstrate the specific role of this receptor in reducing control energy. Our findings provide evidence that 5-HT2a receptor agonist compounds allow for more facile state transitions and more temporally diverse brain activity. More broadly, by combining receptor-informed network control theory with pharmacological modulation, our work highlights the potential of this approach in studying the impacts of targeted neuropharmacological manipulation on brain activity dynamics. Significance Statement We present a multi-modal framework for quantifying the effects of two psychedelic drugs (LSD and psilocybin) on brain dynamics by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion MRI (dMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and network control theory. Our findings provide evidence that psychedelics flatten the brain’s control energy landscape, allowing for more facile state transitions and more temporally diverse brain activity. We also demonstrate that the spatial distribution of serotonin 2a receptors - the main target of LSD and psilocybin - is optimized for generating these effects. This approach could be used to understand how drugs act on different receptors in the brain to influence brain activity dynamics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2021-05-16", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1101/2021.05.14.444193", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.14.444193", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR341322\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3406, "title": "Decreased Directed Functional Connectivity in the Psychedelic State", "normalized_title": "decreased directed functional connectivity in the psychedelic state", "authors": "Barnett L, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Carhart-Harris RL, Seth AK.", "abstract": "Neuroimaging studies of the psychedelic state offer a unique window onto the neural basis of conscious perception and selfhood. Despite well understood pharmacological mechanisms of action, the large-scale changes in neural dynamics induced by psychedelic compounds remain poorly understood. Using source-localised, steady-state MEG recordings, we describe changes in functional connectivity following the controlled administration of LSD, psilocybin and low-dose ketamine, as well as, for comparison, the (non-psychedelic) anticonvulsant drug tiagabine. We compare both undirected and directed measures of functional connectivity between placebo and drug conditions. We observe a general decrease in directed functional connectivity for all three psychedelics, as measured by Granger causality, throughout the brain. These data support the view that the psychedelic state involves a breakdown in patterns of functional organisation or information flow in the brain. In the case of LSD, the decrease in directed functional connectivity is coupled with an increase in undirected functional connectivity, which we measure using correlation and coherence. This surprising opposite movement of directed and undirected measures is of more general interest for functional connectivity analyses, which we interpret using analytical modelling. Overall, our results uncover the neural dynamics of information flow in the psychedelic state, and highlight the importance of comparing multiple measures of functional connectivity when analysing time-resolved neuroimaging data.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2019-07-15", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1101/703660", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/703660", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:52", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR85812\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2338, "title": "REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "rebus and the anarchic brain toward a unified model of the brain action of psychedelics", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Friston KJ.", "abstract": "This paper formulates the action of psychedelics by integrating the free-energy principle and entropic brain hypothesis. We call this formulation relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) and the anarchic brain, founded on the principle that-via their entropic effect on spontaneous cortical activity-psychedelics work to relax the precision of high-level priors or beliefs, thereby liberating bottom-up information flow, particularly via intrinsic sources such as the limbic system. We assemble evidence for this model and show how it can explain a broad range of phenomena associated with the psychedelic experience. With regard to their potential therapeutic use, we propose that psychedelics work to relax the precision weighting of pathologically overweighted priors underpinning various expressions of mental illness. We propose that this process entails an increased sensitization of high-level priors to bottom-up signaling (stemming from intrinsic sources), and that this heightened sensitivity enables the potential revision and deweighting of overweighted priors. We end by discussing further implications of the model, such as that psychedelics can bring about the revision of other heavily weighted high-level priors, not directly related to mental health, such as those underlying partisan and/or overly-confident political, religious, and/or philosophical perspectives. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelics are capturing interest, with efforts underway to bring psilocybin therapy to marketing authorisation and legal access within a decade, spearheaded by the findings of a series of phase 2 trials. In this climate, a compelling unified model of how psychedelics alter brain function to alter consciousness would have appeal. Towards this end, we have sought to integrate a leading model of global brain function, hierarchical predictive coding, with an often-cited model of the acute action of psychedelics, the entropic brain hypothesis. The resulting synthesis states that psychedelics work to relax high-level priors, sensitising them to liberated bottom-up information flow, which, with the right intention, care provision and context, can help guide and cultivate the revision of entrenched pathological priors.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-06-30", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1124/pr.118.017160", "pubmed_id": "31221820", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.118.017160", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Models, Neurological, Culture", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"31221820\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Consciousness,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2432, "title": "Common neural signatures of psychedelics: Frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome-harmonic decomposition.", "normalized_title": "common neural signatures of psychedelics frequency specific energy changes and repertoire expansion revealed using connectome harmonic decomposition", "authors": "Atasoy S, Vohryzek J, Deco G, Carhart-Harris RL, Kringelbach ML.", "abstract": "The search for the universal laws of human brain function is still on-going but progress is being made. Here we describe the novel concepts of connectome harmonics and connectome-harmonic decomposition, which can be used to characterize the brain activity associated with any mental state. We use this new frequency-specific language to describe the brain activity elicited by psilocybin and LSD and find remarkably similar effects in terms of increases in total energy and power, as well as frequency-specific energy changes and repertoire expansion. In addition, we find enhanced signatures of criticality suggesting that the brain dynamics tune toward criticality in both psychedelic elicited states. Overall, our findings provide new evidence for the remarkable ability of psychedelics to change the spatiotemporal dynamics of the human brain.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-10-24", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.009", "pubmed_id": "30471684", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.009", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Connectome", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30471684\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "General", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2385, "title": "More Realistic Forecasting of Future Life Events After Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression.", "normalized_title": "more realistic forecasting of future life events after psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Background: Evidence suggests that classical psychedelics can promote enduring changes in personality, attitudes and optimism, as well as improvements in mental health outcomes. Aim: To investigate the effects of a composite intervention, involving psilocybin, on pessimism biases in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: Patients with TRD (n = 15) and matched, untreated non-depressed controls (n = 15) performed the Prediction Of Future Life Events (POFLE) task. The POFLE task requires participants to predict the likelihood of certain life events occurring within a 30-day period, after which the actual rate of event occurrence is reported; this gives an index of potential pessimism versus optimism bias. Psilocybin was administered in two oral dosing sessions (10 and 25 mg) one week apart. Main outcome measures were collected at baseline and one week after the second dosing session. Results: Patients showed a significant pessimism bias at baseline [t(14) = -3.260, p = 0.006; 95% CI (-0.16, -0.03), g = 1.1] which was related to the severity of their depressive symptoms (rs = -0.55, p = 0.017). One week after psilocybin treatment, this bias was significantly decreased [t(14) = -2.714, p = 0.017; 95% CI (-0.21, -0.02), g = 0.7] and depressive symptoms were greatly improved [t(14) = 7.900, p < 0.001; 95% CI (16.17, 28.23), g = 1.9]; moreover, the magnitude of change in both variables was significantly correlated (r = -0.57, p = 0.014). Importantly, post treatment, patients became significantly more accurate at predicting the occurrence of future life events [t(14) = 1.857, p = 0.042; 95% CI (-0.01, 0.12), g = 0.6] whereas no such change was observed in the control subjects. Conclusion: These findings suggest that psilocybin with psychological support might correct pessimism biases in TRD, enabling a more positive and accurate outlook.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychology", "publication_date": "2018-10-11", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01721", "pubmed_id": "30369890", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01721", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30369890\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2889504249\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2889504249\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":77,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1589221672\",\"https://openalex.org/W1934200177\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972084227\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984258012\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994921874\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997741243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000331070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001726379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013558791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016292245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016724744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020472715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022640694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025552535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028499407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039909349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040793721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041613788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044984737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050383033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055379946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060762300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062372985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065115781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066637216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067495470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067758844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073507524\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076429784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081020542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083254456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089580004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104256545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110709054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114945044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123930025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129972322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130912823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136433713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141183879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145947505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171975196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2191898742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297557715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414368675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2434010258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2477954704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2531569042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550455161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603746317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737966001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801155756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801912451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184568442\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238107741\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254310682\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255734618\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292948925\",\"https://openalex.org/W6635244525\",\"https://openalex.org/W6716006308\",\"https://openalex.org/W6728142021\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9692511\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01721\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Personality Change,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2889504249" }, { "id": 2388, "title": "Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics meditation and self consciousness", "authors": "Millière R, Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Trautwein FM, Berkovich-Ohana A.", "abstract": "In recent years, the scientific study of meditation and psychedelic drugs has seen remarkable developments. The increased focus on meditation in cognitive neuroscience has led to a cross-cultural classification of standard meditation styles validated by functional and structural neuroanatomical data. Meanwhile, the renaissance of psychedelic research has shed light on the neurophysiology of altered states of consciousness induced by classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, whose effects are mainly mediated by agonism of serotonin receptors. Few attempts have been made at bridging these two domains of inquiry, despite intriguing evidence of overlap between the phenomenology and neurophysiology of meditation practice and psychedelic states. In particular, many contemplative traditions explicitly aim at dissolving the sense of self by eliciting altered states of consciousness through meditation, while classical psychedelics are known to produce significant disruptions of self-consciousness, a phenomenon known as drug-induced ego dissolution. In this article, we discuss available evidence regarding convergences and differences between phenomenological and neurophysiological data on meditation practice and psychedelic drug-induced states, with a particular emphasis on alterations of self-experience. While both meditation and psychedelics may disrupt self-consciousness and underlying neural processes, we emphasize that neither meditation nor psychedelic states can be conceived as simple, uniform categories. Moreover, we suggest that there are important phenomenological differences even between conscious states described as experiences of self-loss. As a result, we propose that self-consciousness may be best construed as a multidimensional construct, and that \"self-loss,\" far from being an unequivocal phenomenon, can take several forms. Indeed, various aspects of self-consciousness, including narrative aspects linked to autobiographical memory, self-related thoughts and mental time travel, and embodied aspects rooted in multisensory processes, may be differently affected by psychedelics and meditation practices. Finally, we consider long-term outcomes of experiences of self-loss induced by meditation and psychedelics on individual traits and prosocial behavior. We call for caution regarding the problematic conflation of temporary states of self-loss with \"selflessness\" as a behavioral or social trait, although there is preliminary evidence that correlations between short-term experiences of self-loss and long-term trait alterations may exist.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychology", "publication_date": "2018-09-03", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475", "pubmed_id": "30245648", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30245648\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2892061340\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2892061340\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":402,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W16047629\",\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W152229279\",\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W200630123\",\"https://openalex.org/W289589863\",\"https://openalex.org/W638602263\",\"https://openalex.org/W819716749\",\"https://openalex.org/W1261455998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1481865416\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494456132\",\"https://openalex.org/W1536085466\",\"https://openalex.org/W1584807478\",\"https://openalex.org/W1586745373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1592458679\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603145302\",\"https://openalex.org/W1641224416\",\"https://openalex.org/W1657172695\",\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1766767637\",\"https://openalex.org/W1804384498\",\"https://openalex.org/W1821978739\",\"https://openalex.org/W1840705577\",\"https://openalex.org/W1933934289\",\"https://openalex.org/W1947510180\",\"https://openalex.org/W1950864686\",\"https://openalex.org/W1958183871\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963949534\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964378367\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966033471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968514285\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968884090\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970318334\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973616877\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975173426\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978408307\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978737075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979311208\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981113766\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982748320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984214648\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989957044\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990999410\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991282939\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994259251\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996077504\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001292537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002055321\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005022581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005037843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006130983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006559803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013002772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016521818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016822135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017316864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021926028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022310432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022510049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022682914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025018465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026267776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026512664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029809836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032059426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035391615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036916152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036944224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037934073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038389566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038402330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039745446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041557211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044032680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045117199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045194309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046265537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047690468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048037187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049107249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052450807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052558146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052685640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053764826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056677518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057816268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057963155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059913052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060726415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060998258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061982261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062450841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063719978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067319239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070124482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070461647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072267104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079829150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080120082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082714165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085554183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085691122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090093888\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090992897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092638780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093668364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094781636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095047274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095642798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098513294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099815098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099936181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101070580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101744684\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101890738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102589785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103520557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104956142\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105270790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105558714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105567328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106066511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109558135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110706322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111139037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112313930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116820003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116929833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117585446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122394957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126233790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126651731\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127248297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127345956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127377767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128361188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129358136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130912823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131288149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132002500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133903921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134500855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134856306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136206242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136995793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138230304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139765609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142823391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142919721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143285014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144241704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144427015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145397616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147617226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148544865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151466840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152758580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154459716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154634136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155130148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163181850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163530817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164848263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166479446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167017100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169419838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170517949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170938715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171627550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173474324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2200058771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2207100718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2222811789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2236276190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243478755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2267682692\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279098215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2280429408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290363862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297557715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2304117857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2307885823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313857919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318876531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324355046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336630210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337549616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341833797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2358240561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2399821555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400064775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402482580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408288035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410446460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412315009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412704513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412795274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414541188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2461176629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471851992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473123625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2477433802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2484365267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2502147470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2526764269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2530226740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2531482843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2532422434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546653767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546678366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2548791084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2554599257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559968432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567436052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572973438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582778821\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592111319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2593424870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2598155337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2599526876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603810641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605313933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608686536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612914912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618615166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620252718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622167890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623603318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726898022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2734722110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760291954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760529005\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761197918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766085613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770636944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770953018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2780997990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786619807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793403693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795955612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796653541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799736240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802902398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902130004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910873231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983039267\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085288295\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161006971\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165788955\",\"https://openalex.org/W3188606605\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210800079\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213031334\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214478879\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214769775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230047478\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231035549\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231118322\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232628683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233322041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235221099\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238005899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239828206\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243301868\",\"https://openalex.org/W4244392096\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245747212\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248720793\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249144909\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255288631\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298251115\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312300192\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317372268\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388437476\",\"https://openalex.org/W6606160632\",\"https://openalex.org/W6641098168\",\"https://openalex.org/W6647876289\",\"https://openalex.org/W6686978544\",\"https://openalex.org/W6688315975\",\"https://openalex.org/W6689130022\",\"https://openalex.org/W6695616365\",\"https://openalex.org/W6720455615\",\"https://openalex.org/W6748729232\",\"https://openalex.org/W6783483294\",\"https://openalex.org/W6795413379\",\"https://openalex.org/W6795740211\",\"https://openalex.org/W6818734831\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055894819\",\"display_name\":\"Raphaël Millière\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-6073\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049607708\",\"display_name\":\"Fynn-Mathis Trautwein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-0193\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012998089\",\"display_name\":\"Aviva Berkovich-Ohana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-0168\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9692511\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2892061340" }, { "id": 3347, "title": "Altered trajectories in the dynamical repertoire of functional network states under psilocybin", "normalized_title": "altered trajectories in the dynamical repertoire of functional network states under psilocybin", "authors": "Lord L, Expert P, Atasoy S, Roseman L, Rapuano K, Lambiotte R, Nutt DJ, Deco G, Carhart-Harris RL, Kringelbach ML, Cabral J.", "abstract": "Brain activity can be understood as the exploration of a dynamical landscape of activity configurations over both space and time. This dynamical landscape may be defined in terms of spontaneous transitions within a repertoire of discrete metastable states of functional connectivity (FC), which underlie different mental processes. However, it remains unclear how the brain’s dynamical landscape might be changed in altered states of consciousness, such as the psychedelic state. The present study investigated changes in the brain’s dynamical repertoire in an fMRI dataset of healthy participants intravenously injected with the psychedelic compound psilocybin, which is found in “magic mushrooms”. We employed a data-driven approach to study brain dynamics in the psychedelic state, which focuses on the dominant FC pattern captured by the leading eigenvector of dynamic FC matrices, and enables the identification of recurrent FC patterns (“FC-states”), and their transition profiles over time. We found that a FC state closely corresponding to the fronto-parietal control system was strongly destabilized in the psychedelic state, while transitions toward a globally synchronized FC state were enhanced. These differences between brain state trajectories in normal waking consciousness and the psychedelic state suggest that the latter biases a global mode of functional integration at the expense of locally segregated activity in specific networks. These results provide a mechanistic perspective on subjective quality of the psychedelic experience, and further raise the possibility that mapping the brain’s dynamical landscape may help guide pharmacological interventions in neuropsychiatric disorders.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2018-07-24", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1101/376491", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/376491", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR45786\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2374, "title": "Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure.", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure", "authors": "Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Nour MM, MacLean K, Kaelen M, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "ObjectiveTo explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD).MethodTwenty patients with moderate or severe, unipolar, TRD received oral psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, one week apart) in a supportive setting. Personality was assessed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the subjective psilocybin experience with Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) scale, and depressive symptoms with QIDS-SR16.ResultsNeuroticism scores significantly decreased while Extraversion increased following psilocybin therapy. These changes were in the direction of the normative NEO-PI-R data and were both predicted, in an exploratory analysis, by the degree of insightfulness experienced during the psilocybin session. Openness scores also significantly increased following psilocybin, whereas Conscientiousness showed trend-level increases, and Agreeableness did not change.ConclusionOur observation of changes in personality measures after psilocybin therapy was mostly consistent with reports of personality change in relation to conventional antidepressant treatment, although the pronounced increases in Extraversion and Openness might constitute an effect more specific to psychedelic therapy. This needs further exploration in future controlled studies, as do the brain mechanisms of postpsychedelic personality change.", "journal": "Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica", "publication_date": "2018-06-18", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1111/acps.12904", "pubmed_id": "29923178", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12904", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Follow-Up Studies, Personality, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29923178\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":268,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W606553535\",\"https://openalex.org/W1503049217\",\"https://openalex.org/W1589221672\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971459727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977240000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980375822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991604982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000909913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018277166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025604131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034911394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040661201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051521144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053764826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058805315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059819102\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065217375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068198479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092115693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095643440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104811266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126990876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137597447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137785404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146140851\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149402043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155054485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172124190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181560023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319511153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333901870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412432222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492489237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519170540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567179506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2568037688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582927459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2716623847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782003333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301064750\",\"https://openalex.org/W6635244525\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073964938\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew M. Nour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-6184\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110383308\",\"display_name\":\"Keir Maclean\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113636502\",\"display_name\":\"D.J. Nutt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199498439\",\"source_display_name\":\"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12904\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Consciousness,Personality Change,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2807534705" }, { "id": 2410, "title": "Psilocybin and MDMA reduce costly punishment in the Ultimatum Game.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and mdma reduce costly punishment in the ultimatum game", "authors": "Gabay AS, Carhart-Harris RL, Mazibuko N, Kempton MJ, Morrison PD, Nutt DJ, Mehta MA.", "abstract": "Disruptions in social decision-making are becoming evident in many psychiatric conditions. These are studied using paradigms investigating the psychological mechanisms underlying interpersonal interactions, such as the Ultimatum Game (UG). Rejection behaviour in the UG represents altruistic punishment - the costly punishment of norm violators - but the mechanisms underlying it require clarification. To investigate the psychopharmacology of UG behaviour, we carried out two studies with healthy participants, employing serotonergic agonists: psilocybin (open-label, within-participant design, N = 19) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design, N = 20). We found that both MDMA and psilocybin reduced rejection of unfair offers (odds ratio: 0.57 and 0.42, respectively). The reduction in rejection rate following MDMA was associated with increased prosociality (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.025). In the MDMA study, we investigated third-party decision-making and proposer behaviour. MDMA did not reduce rejection in the third-party condition, but produced an increase in the amount offered to others (Cohen's d = 0.82). We argue that these compounds altered participants' conceptualisation of 'social reward', placing more emphasis on the direct relationship with interacting partners. With these compounds showing efficacy in drug-assisted psychotherapy, these studies are an important step in the further characterisation of their psychological effects.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2018-05-28", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-26656-2", "pubmed_id": "29844496", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26656-2", "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Social Behavior, Altruism, Emotions, Interpersonal Relations, Punishment, Reward, Decision Making, Psychopharmacology, Games, Experimental, Socialization, Adult, Middle Aged, Male, Community-Based Participatory Research, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin, Rejection, Psychology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29844496\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2806513910\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2806513910\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":38,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1546556888\",\"https://openalex.org/W1600050098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1612167481\",\"https://openalex.org/W1825286732\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966733439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985112394\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987076450\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992359236\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996714946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001476380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011428797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012058098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013498451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024532043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033226218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035376227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037056680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037184398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045443942\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045744884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046234340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052710610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058582869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073612520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076029586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079344098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090157943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093273763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097563002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102420923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110233917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110775598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111112265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118919555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121743627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122307809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129135549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131610559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132011757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143847857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161335496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604124685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2750269398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2763021308\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125042683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248435336\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041603476\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony S. Gabay\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-1046\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007580896\",\"display_name\":\"Ndaba Mazibuko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-2602\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011077117\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew J. Kempton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-9947\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103918701\",\"display_name\":\"Paul D. Morrison\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016544125\",\"display_name\":\"Mitul A. Mehta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5323\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26656-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2806513910" }, { "id": 2416, "title": "Natural speech algorithm applied to baseline interview data can predict which patients will respond to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.", "normalized_title": "natural speech algorithm applied to baseline interview data can predict which patients will respond to psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Carrillo F, Sigman M, Fernández Slezak D, Ashton P, Fitzgerald L, Stroud J, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "BackgroundNatural speech analytics has seen some improvements over recent years, and this has opened a window for objective and quantitative diagnosis in psychiatry. Here, we used a machine learning algorithm applied to natural speech to ask whether language properties measured before psilocybin for treatment-resistant can predict for which patients it will be effective and for which it will not.MethodsA baseline autobiographical memory interview was conducted and transcribed. Patients with treatment-resistant depression received 2 doses of psilocybin, 10 mg and 25 mg, 7 days apart. Psychological support was provided before, during and after all dosing sessions. Quantitative speech measures were applied to the interview data from 17 patients and 18 untreated age-matched healthy control subjects. A machine learning algorithm was used to classify between controls and patients and predict treatment response.ResultsSpeech analytics and machine learning successfully differentiated depressed patients from healthy controls and identified treatment responders from non-responders with a significant level of 85% of accuracy (75% precision).ConclusionsAutomatic natural language analysis was used to predict effective response to treatment with psilocybin, suggesting that these tools offer a highly cost-effective facility for screening individuals for treatment suitability and sensitivity.LimitationsThe sample size was small and replication is required to strengthen inferences on these results.", "journal": "Journal of Affective Disorders", "publication_date": "2018-03-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.006", "pubmed_id": "29407543", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.006", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Speech Production Measurement, Case-Control Studies, Language, Speech, Algorithms, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Memory, Episodic, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Machine Learning, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29407543\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2790056169\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2790056169\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":57,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2402700\",\"https://openalex.org/W37461795\",\"https://openalex.org/W1267646904\",\"https://openalex.org/W1678885949\",\"https://openalex.org/W1912123407\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989385699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019096529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028140375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071268704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106686523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113867800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134387421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135725784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153579005\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341587966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2518778515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594253446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211205428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294170691\",\"https://openalex.org/W6601532327\",\"https://openalex.org/W6637399314\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682691769\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052030569\",\"display_name\":\"Facundo Carrillo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005493160\",\"display_name\":\"Mariano Sigman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-0033\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051251964\",\"display_name\":\"Diego Fernández Slezak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-1559\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109390088\",\"display_name\":\"Philip Ashton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103797369\",\"display_name\":\"Lily Fitzgerald\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009897597\",\"display_name\":\"Jack Stroud\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8534-4491\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S113871862\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Affective Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.006\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2790056169" }, { "id": 2431, "title": "Quality of Acute Psychedelic Experience Predicts Therapeutic Efficacy of Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression.", "normalized_title": "quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Introduction: It is a basic principle of the \"psychedelic\" treatment model that the quality of the acute experience mediates long-term improvements in mental health. In the present paper we sought to test this using data from a clinical trial assessing psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In line with previous reports, we hypothesized that the occurrence and magnitude of Oceanic Boundlessness (OBN) (sharing features with mystical-type experience) and Dread of Ego Dissolution (DED) (similar to anxiety) would predict long-term positive outcomes, whereas sensory perceptual effects would have negligible predictive value. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with treatment resistant depression underwent treatment with psilocybin (two separate sessions: 10 and 25 mg psilocybin). The Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of experiences in the 25 mg psilocybin session. From the ASC, the dimensions OBN and DED were used to measure the mystical-type and challenging experiences, respectively. The Self-Reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR) at 5 weeks served as the endpoint clinical outcome measure, as in later time points some of the subjects had gone on to receive new treatments, thus confounding inferences. In a repeated measure ANOVA, Time was the within-subject factor (independent variable), with QIDS-SR as the within-subject dependent variable in baseline, 1-day, 1-week, 5-weeks. OBN and DED were independent variables. OBN-by-Time and DED-by-Time interactions were the primary outcomes of interest. Results: For the interaction of OBN and DED with Time (QIDS-SR as dependent variable), the main effect and the effects at each time point compared to baseline were all significant (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively, for main effects), confirming our main hypothesis. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation of OBN with QIDS-SR (5 weeks) was specific compared to perceptual dimensions of the ASC (p < 0.05). Discussion: This report further bolsters the view that the quality of the acute psychedelic experience is a key mediator of long-term changes in mental health. Future therapeutic work with psychedelics should recognize the essential importance of quality of experience in determining treatment efficacy and consider ways of enhancing mystical-type experiences and reducing anxiety. Trial Registration: ISRCTN, number ISRCTN14426797, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14426797.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-01-16", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2017.00974", "pubmed_id": "29387009", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00974", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29387009\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":810,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W156478726\",\"https://openalex.org/W593791618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1595981698\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603509204\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978737075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000701936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005037843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053764826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057217347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063166841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078153416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085691122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097137621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100230238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100532211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104815889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111139037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113034208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121291806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124796048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138494388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141217193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2174440411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2271159760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312466253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312675623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320952994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328159225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411929905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473123625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2491739703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2579967741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2598155337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165788955\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196761093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235997898\",\"https://openalex.org/W4237844050\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301064750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\",\"https://openalex.org/W6674709811\",\"https://openalex.org/W6676972896\",\"https://openalex.org/W6680484967\",\"https://openalex.org/W6701860232\",\"https://openalex.org/W6725266695\",\"https://openalex.org/W6795740211\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00974\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Consciousness,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2792444257" }, { "id": 2405, "title": "Increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.", "normalized_title": "increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "RationalePrevious research suggests that classical psychedelic compounds can induce lasting changes in personality traits, attitudes and beliefs in both healthy subjects and patient populations.AimHere we sought to investigate the effects of psilocybin on nature relatedness and libertarian-authoritarian political perspective in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).MethodsThis open-label pilot study with a mixed-model design studied the effects of psilocybin on measures of nature relatedness and libertarian-authoritarian political perspective in patients with moderate to severe TRD ( n=7) versus age-matched non-treated healthy control subjects ( n=7). Psilocybin was administered in two oral dosing sessions (10 mg and 25 mg) 1 week apart. Main outcome measures were collected 1 week and 7-12 months after the second dosing session. Nature relatedness and libertarian-authoritarian political perspective were assessed using the Nature Relatedness Scale (NR-6) and Political Perspective Questionnaire (PPQ-5), respectively.ResultsNature relatedness significantly increased ( t(6)=-4.242, p=0.003) and authoritarianism significantly decreased ( t(6)=2.120, p=0.039) for the patients 1 week after the dosing sessions. At 7-12 months post-dosing, nature relatedness remained significantly increased ( t(5)=-2.707, p=0.021) and authoritarianism remained decreased at trend level ( t(5)=-1.811, p=0.065). No differences were found on either measure for the non-treated healthy control subjects.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that psilocybin with psychological support might produce lasting changes in attitudes and beliefs. Although it would be premature to infer causality from this small study, the possibility of drug-induced changes in belief systems seems sufficiently intriguing and timely to deserve further investigation.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-01-16", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1177/0269881117748902", "pubmed_id": "29338538", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117748902", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Severity of Illness Index, Case-Control Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Authoritarianism, Environment, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Politics, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29338538\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":176,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W88719000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1487419431\",\"https://openalex.org/W1503049217\",\"https://openalex.org/W1874088710\",\"https://openalex.org/W1954045752\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975798365\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976087027\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980375822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024532043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034911394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052710610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052727181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070109203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078891134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081676185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085039988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095060325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096417948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100531626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120527047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126129724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126990876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129907761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133404106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137505893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137785404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149416336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153140199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153433343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153649987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163984563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165646521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326917780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342939947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413285922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474879463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2562429857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2569848977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2716623847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737340334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909264944\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252815715\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292402161\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294494940\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117748902\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Personality Change,Observational Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2784860341" }, { "id": 2376, "title": "Increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.", "normalized_title": "increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Roseman L, Demetriou L, Wall MB, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Recent evidence indicates that psilocybin with psychological support may be effective for treating depression. Some studies have found that patients with depression show heightened amygdala responses to fearful faces and there is reliable evidence that treatment with SSRIs attenuates amygdala responses (Ma, 2015). We hypothesised that amygdala responses to emotional faces would be altered post-treatment with psilocybin. In this open-label study, 20 individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe, treatment-resistant depression, underwent two separate dosing sessions with psilocybin. Psychological support was provided before, during and after these sessions and 19 completed fMRI scans one week prior to the first session and one day after the second and last. Neutral, fearful and happy faces were presented in the scanner and analyses focused on the amygdala. Group results revealed rapid and enduring improvements in depressive symptoms post psilocybin. Increased responses to fearful and happy faces were observed in the right amygdala post-treatment, and right amygdala increases to fearful versus neutral faces were predictive of clinical improvements at 1-week. Psilocybin with psychological support was associated with increased amygdala responses to emotional stimuli, an opposite effect to previous findings with SSRIs. This suggests fundamental differences in these treatments' therapeutic actions, with SSRIs mitigating negative emotions and psilocybin allowing patients to confront and work through them. Based on the present results, we propose that psilocybin with psychological support is a treatment approach that potentially revives emotional responsiveness in depression, enabling patients to reconnect with their emotions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, number ISRCTN14426797. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Psychedelics: New Doors, Altered Perceptions'.", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-12-26", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.041", "pubmed_id": "29288686", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.041", "keywords": "Amygdala, Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prognosis, Combined Modality Therapy, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Psychotherapy, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Facial Recognition, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29288686\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":239,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1544863932\",\"https://openalex.org/W1831666347\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989982790\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992103170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000681816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006096283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014870330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042333532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044264234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056575770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063619953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072833030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076972670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078524519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082497868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105190393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125375538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146747402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150537415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151721316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157803948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167738136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328159225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2579967741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211573487\",\"https://openalex.org/W6683831411\",\"https://openalex.org/W6732555809\",\"https://openalex.org/W6744856292\",\"https://openalex.org/W6803356969\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060501027\",\"display_name\":\"Lysia Demetriou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-0900\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S160566677\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.041\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Aging,Emotional Processing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2781340150" }, { "id": 2427, "title": "Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin with psychological support for treatment resistant depression six month follow up", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Day CMJ, Rucker J, Watts R, Erritzoe DE, Kaelen M, Giribaldi B, Bloomfield M, Pilling S, Rickard JA, Forbes B, Feilding A, Taylor D, Curran HV, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "RationaleRecent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with psychedelic drug-assisted psychotherapy.ObjectivesHere, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.MethodsTwenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure.ResultsTreatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen's d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-11-07", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-017-4771-x", "pubmed_id": "29119217", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4771-x", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Feasibility Studies, Double-Blind Method, Time Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Psychosocial Support Systems", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29119217\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":976,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1144621943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988444307\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005066505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015666695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024075080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100532211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107232050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107743363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111920357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148560706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2224635535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2502147470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2511532223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586756570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109366794\",\"display_name\":\"Camilla Day\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110514937\",\"display_name\":\"R. Watts\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058082561\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Bloomfield\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-4610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049702763\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen Pilling\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-8202\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065550029\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Rickard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-6025\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083073338\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin Forbes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014436895\",\"display_name\":\"David Taylor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1710\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061200799\",\"display_name\":\"Valerie H. Curran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113636502\",\"display_name\":\"D.J. Nutt\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4771-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2767530231" }, { "id": 2429, "title": "Psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment-resistant depression.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Stroud JB, Freeman TP, Leech R, Hindocha C, Lawn W, Nutt DJ, Curran HV, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "RationaleDepressed patients robustly exhibit affective biases in emotional processing which are altered by SSRIs and predict clinical outcome.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate whether psilocybin, recently shown to rapidly improve mood in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), alters patients' emotional processing biases.MethodsSeventeen patients with treatment-resistant depression completed a dynamic emotional face recognition task at baseline and 1 month later after two doses of psilocybin with psychological support. Sixteen controls completed the emotional recognition task over the same time frame but did not receive psilocybin.ResultsWe found evidence for a group × time interaction on speed of emotion recognition (p =.035). At baseline, patients were slower at recognising facial emotions compared with controls (p", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-10-29", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-017-4754-y", "pubmed_id": "29085980", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4754-y", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Facial Expression, Treatment Outcome, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Emotions, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Facial Recognition, Psilocybin, Psychosocial Support Systems", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29085980\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":101,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1557789711\",\"https://openalex.org/W1812780868\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975345989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005846380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021977439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030616474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031733717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044852178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048956357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050478809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055098509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076029586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076986525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082047362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082531061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090514581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098958400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100141046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103413823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105465456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109105506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116335159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126009018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127699202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131066767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134189152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138664664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139628377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150537415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157392644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169442707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286702847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2505115395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2579967741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737054084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247424590\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009897597\",\"display_name\":\"Jack Stroud\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8534-4491\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047194230\",\"display_name\":\"Tom P. Freeman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-507X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073240173\",\"display_name\":\"Chandni Hindocha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-7401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084374822\",\"display_name\":\"Will Lawn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-2724\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061200799\",\"display_name\":\"Valerie H. Curran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4754-y\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Emotional Processing,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2767171514" }, { "id": 2452, "title": "Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treatment resistant depression fmri measured brain mechanisms", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Bolstridge M, Demetriou L, Pannekoek JN, Wall MB, Tanner M, Kaelen M, McGonigle J, Murphy K, Leech R, Curran HV, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin with psychological support is showing promise as a treatment model in psychiatry but its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after treatment with psilocybin (serotonin agonist) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Quality pre and post treatment fMRI data were collected from 16 of 19 patients. Decreased depressive symptoms were observed in all 19 patients at 1-week post-treatment and 47% met criteria for response at 5 weeks. Whole-brain analyses revealed post-treatment decreases in CBF in the temporal cortex, including the amygdala. Decreased amygdala CBF correlated with reduced depressive symptoms. Focusing on a priori selected circuitry for RSFC analyses, increased RSFC was observed within the default-mode network (DMN) post-treatment. Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex-bilateral inferior lateral parietal cortex RSFC was predictive of treatment response at 5-weeks, as was decreased parahippocampal-prefrontal cortex RSFC. These data fill an important knowledge gap regarding the post-treatment brain effects of psilocybin, and are the first in depressed patients. The post-treatment brain changes are different to previously observed acute effects of psilocybin and other 'psychedelics' yet were related to clinical outcomes. A 'reset' therapeutic mechanism is proposed.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2017-10-12", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7", "pubmed_id": "29030624", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Depression, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29030624\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":589,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W202043522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1552940129\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964807622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972616052\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973776237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982325587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992059353\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999520265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006096283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006509419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012702426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018608345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024729467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033034887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035495352\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036970657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037316926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044423747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060895955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061564920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078524519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083937514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097563002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109492510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123722617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131398580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139505744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143859454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146747402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151721316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2235823035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330815024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2464316004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060501027\",\"display_name\":\"Lysia Demetriou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-0900\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012877956\",\"display_name\":\"J. Nienke Pannekoek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-5297\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051781791\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Tanner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6706-6536\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110317265\",\"display_name\":\"John McGonigle\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057824637\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin Murphy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-313X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061200799\",\"display_name\":\"H. Valerie Curran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2762746674" }, { "id": 2456, "title": "The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and Future.", "normalized_title": "the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs past present and future", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Goodwin GM.", "abstract": "Plant-based psychedelics, such as psilocybin, have an ancient history of medicinal use. After the first English language report on LSD in 1950, psychedelics enjoyed a short-lived relationship with psychology and psychiatry. Used most notably as aids to psychotherapy for the treatment of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, drugs such as LSD showed initial therapeutic promise before prohibitive legislature in the mid-1960s effectively ended all major psychedelic research programs. Since the early 1990s, there has been a steady revival of human psychedelic research: last year saw reports on the first modern brain imaging study with LSD and three separate clinical trials of psilocybin for depressive symptoms. In this circumspective piece, RLC-H and GMG share their opinions on the promises and pitfalls of renewed psychedelic research, with a focus on the development of psilocybin as a treatment for depression.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-04-25", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/npp.2017.84", "pubmed_id": "28443617", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.84", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28443617\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Aging,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2472, "title": "Increased spontaneous MEG signal diversity for psychoactive doses of ketamine, LSD and psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "increased spontaneous meg signal diversity for psychoactive doses of ketamine lsd and psilocybin", "authors": "Schartner MM, Carhart-Harris RL, Barrett AB, Seth AK, Muthukumaraswamy SD.", "abstract": "What is the level of consciousness of the psychedelic state? Empirically, measures of neural signal diversity such as entropy and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity score higher for wakeful rest than for states with lower conscious level like propofol-induced anesthesia. Here we compute these measures for spontaneous magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals from humans during altered states of consciousness induced by three psychedelic substances: psilocybin, ketamine and LSD. For all three, we find reliably higher spontaneous signal diversity, even when controlling for spectral changes. This increase is most pronounced for the single-channel LZ complexity measure, and hence for temporal, as opposed to spatial, signal diversity. We also uncover selective correlations between changes in signal diversity and phenomenological reports of the intensity of psychedelic experience. This is the first time that these measures have been applied to the psychedelic state and, crucially, that they have yielded values exceeding those of normal waking consciousness. These findings suggest that the sustained occurrence of psychedelic phenomenology constitutes an elevated level of consciousness - as measured by neural signal diversity.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2017-04-18", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/srep46421", "pubmed_id": "28422113", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46421", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Magnetoencephalography, Brain Mapping, Consciousness, Healthy Volunteers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28422113\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":450,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1517951919\",\"https://openalex.org/W1665195116\",\"https://openalex.org/W1799123644\",\"https://openalex.org/W1953260479\",\"https://openalex.org/W1957794009\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974165416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005821483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017522310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036802268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037557484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043176976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043887334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049487837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050865511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077770566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090414491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096221603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102204212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106822551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106916988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112966028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116393125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120078534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123924457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125943886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137478377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137660391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142680372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152497784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156959828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158143447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158935941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163400075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166073443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169423285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170232314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2212776331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290435019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336630210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2339840868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2397739939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2435903015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581533121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883784006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207961398\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243177274\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070456193\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Schartner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-3034\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012720030\",\"display_name\":\"Adam B. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-7779\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084274787\",\"display_name\":\"Anil K. Seth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-6051\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000583874\",\"display_name\":\"Suresh Muthukumaraswamy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-3920\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46421\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Consciousness,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2605399484" }, { "id": 2503, "title": "Question-based Drug Development for psilocybin - Authors' reply.", "normalized_title": "question based drug development for psilocybin authors reply", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-08-31", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30217-6", "pubmed_id": "27568266", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30217-6", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27568266\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "General", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2511, "title": "Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin with psychological support for treatment resistant depression an open label feasibility study", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, Day CM, Erritzoe D, Kaelen M, Bloomfield M, Rickard JA, Forbes B, Feilding A, Taylor D, Pilling S, Curran VH, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist that occurs naturally in some mushroom species. Recent studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for various conditions, including end-of-life anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and smoking and alcohol dependence, with promising preliminary results. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psilocybin in patients with unipolar treatment-resistant depression.MethodsIn this open-label feasibility trial, 12 patients (six men, six women) with moderate-to-severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 mg and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. There was no control group. Psychological support was provided before, during, and after each session. The primary outcome measure for feasibility was patient-reported intensity of psilocybin's effects. Patients were monitored for adverse reactions during the dosing sessions and subsequent clinic and remote follow-up. Depressive symptoms were assessed with standard assessments from 1 week to 3 months after treatment, with the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) serving as the primary efficacy outcome. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN14426797.FindingsPsilocybin's acute psychedelic effects typically became detectable 30-60 min after dosing, peaked 2-3 h after dosing, and subsided to negligible levels at least 6 h after dosing. Mean self-rated intensity (on a 0-1 scale) was 0·51 (SD0·36) for the low-dose session and 0·75 (SD0·27) for the high-dose session. Psilocybin was well tolerated by all of the patients, and no serious or unexpected adverse events occurred. The adverse reactions we noted were transient anxiety during drug onset (all patients), transient confusion or thought disorder (nine patients), mild and transient nausea (four patients), and transient headache (four patients). Relative to baseline, depressive symptoms were markedly reduced 1 week (mean QIDS difference -11·8, 95% CI -9·15 to -14·35, p=0·002, Hedges' g=3·1) and 3 months (-9·2, 95% CI -5·69 to -12·71, p=0·003, Hedges' g=2) after high-dose treatment. Marked and sustained improvements in anxiety and anhedonia were also noted.InterpretationThis study provides preliminary support for the safety and efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and motivates further trials, with more rigorous designs, to better examine the therapeutic potential of this approach.FundingMedical Research Council.", "journal": "The Lancet Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2016-05-16", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7", "pubmed_id": "27210031", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7", "keywords": "Humans, Treatment Outcome, Feasibility Studies, Social Support, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27210031\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1539,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W183123008\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971459727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006861654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020472715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039056175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055277208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083885069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W6607541484\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109366794\",\"display_name\":\"Camilla Day\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058082561\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Bloomfield\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-4610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065550029\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Rickard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-6025\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069886359\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Forbes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8193-6107\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014436895\",\"display_name\":\"David Taylor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1710\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103869816\",\"display_name\":\"Steve Pilling\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021720240\",\"display_name\":\"Valerie H. Curran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2531556786\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Lancet Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2396675581" }, { "id": 2536, "title": "Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "finding the self by losing the self neural correlates of ego dissolution under psilocybin", "authors": "Lebedev AV, Lövdén M, Rosenthal G, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Ego-disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling that one's \"self,\" \"ego,\" or \"I\" is disintegrating or that the border between one's self and the external world is dissolving, \"ego-disintegration\" or \"dissolution\" is also an important feature of the psychedelic experience, such as is produced by psilocybin (a compound found in \"magic mushrooms\"). Fifteen healthy subjects took part in this placebo-controlled study. Twelve-minute functional MRI scans were acquired on two occasions: subjects received an intravenous infusion of saline on one occasion (placebo) and 2 mg psilocybin on the other. Twenty-two visual analogue scale ratings were completed soon after scanning and the first principal component of these, dominated by items referring to \"ego-dissolution\", was used as a primary measure of interest in subsequent analyses. Employing methods of connectivity analysis and graph theory, an association was found between psilocybin-induced ego-dissolution and decreased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and high-level cortical regions. Ego-dissolution was also associated with a \"disintegration\" of the salience network and reduced interhemispheric communication. Addressing baseline brain dynamics as a predictor of drug-response, individuals with lower diversity of executive network nodes were more likely to experience ego-dissolution under psilocybin. These results implicate MTL-cortical decoupling, decreased salience network integrity, and reduced inter-hemispheric communication in psilocybin-induced ego disturbance and suggest that the maintenance of \"self\"or \"ego,\" as a perceptual phenomenon, may rest on the normal functioning of these systems.", "journal": "Human Brain Mapping", "publication_date": "2015-05-21", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1002/hbm.22833", "pubmed_id": "26010878", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22833", "keywords": "Brain, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Ego, Self Concept, Perception, Principal Component Analysis, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26010878\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":347,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62989984\",\"https://openalex.org/W65160238\",\"https://openalex.org/W77122875\",\"https://openalex.org/W583484208\",\"https://openalex.org/W1485056102\",\"https://openalex.org/W1485901143\",\"https://openalex.org/W1486252584\",\"https://openalex.org/W1490667783\",\"https://openalex.org/W1502323819\",\"https://openalex.org/W1591304899\",\"https://openalex.org/W1891469620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1926198785\",\"https://openalex.org/W1943825988\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964440496\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964613952\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967335572\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973912182\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975464087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977403627\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979551907\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980462765\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982170313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982567191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083547\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989437025\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990007146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994579977\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996578117\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999954683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002171979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003140101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005238835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005821483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014363173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015108059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016521818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019803062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021729342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021981153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021986306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032426886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034568201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035727518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038472768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041336675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041613788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044465987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046034069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046078144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047594998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047631799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047862976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052644075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052685640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052783348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053022549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054766674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055014920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055799459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057550180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064962183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067456724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067964977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068252829\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070461647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072799373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073175305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077016833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077235252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080847728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082179080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083096138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083420582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084606218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084978329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085635539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089429874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093389963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093466600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095353831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095578236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097185788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108585495\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111898826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113525305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113737964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115563905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116658855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118281620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119039616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122457251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126817288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126838454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129624700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129951232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130912823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132135247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133472891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134958382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135643379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136435696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140863829\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143752845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144647049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144987552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148544865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148764920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149848047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153017955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156014011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156210603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159644148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159844689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164765110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164876229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165260570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167822639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322527340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2394881923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418332875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996954799\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232078338\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235770099\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295750005\",\"https://openalex.org/W6630136964\",\"https://openalex.org/W6651076014\",\"https://openalex.org/W6684751062\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044888240\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander V. Lebedev\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-2357\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008745650\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Lövdén\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7530-2028\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083109597\",\"display_name\":\"Gidon Rosenthal\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S121666818\",\"source_display_name\":\"Human Brain Mapping\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22833\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2100182643" }, { "id": 2547, "title": "Drug models of schizophrenia.", "normalized_title": "drug models of schizophrenia", "authors": "Steeds H, Carhart-Harris RL, Stone JM", "abstract": "Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder with positive, negative and cognitive symptom domains. Approximately one third of patients are resistant to currently available medication. New therapeutic targets and a better understanding of the basic biological processes that drive pathogenesis are needed in order to develop therapies that will improve quality of life for these patients. Several drugs that act on neurotransmitter systems in the brain have been suggested to model aspects of schizophrenia in animals and in man. In this paper, we selectively review findings from dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, cannabinoid, GABA, cholinergic and kappa opioid pharmacological drug models to evaluate their similarity to schizophrenia. Understanding the interactions between these different neurotransmitter systems and their relationship with symptoms will be an important step towards building a coherent hypothesis for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.", "journal": "Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2015-01-31", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1177/2045125314557797", "pubmed_id": "25653831", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25653831/", "keywords": "LSD, PCP, THC, amphetamine, cannabis, drug models, kappa opioid, ketamine, models, psilocybin, psychosis, salvia divinorum, schizophrenia", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"25653831\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2560, "title": "The effects of psilocybin and MDMA on between-network resting state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers.", "normalized_title": "the effects of psilocybin and mdma on between network resting state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Roseman L, Leech R, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Perturbing a system and observing the consequences is a classic scientific strategy for understanding a phenomenon. Psychedelic drugs perturb consciousness in a marked and novel way and thus are powerful tools for studying its mechanisms. In the present analysis, we measured changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between a standard template of different independent components analysis (ICA)-derived resting state networks (RSNs) under the influence of two different psychoactive drugs, the stimulant/psychedelic hybrid, MDMA, and the classic psychedelic, psilocybin. Both were given in placebo-controlled designs and produced marked subjective effects, although reports of more profound changes in consciousness were given after psilocybin. Between-network RSFC was generally increased under psilocybin, implying that networks become less differentiated from each other in the psychedelic state. Decreased RSFC between visual and sensorimotor RSNs was also observed. MDMA had a notably less marked effect on between-network RSFC, implying that the extensive changes observed under psilocybin may be exclusive to classic psychedelic drugs and related to their especially profound effects on consciousness. The novel analytical approach applied here may be applied to other altered states of consciousness to improve our characterization of different conscious states and ultimately advance our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying them.", "journal": "Frontiers in Human Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2014-05-26", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2014.00204", "pubmed_id": "24904346", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00204", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24904346\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":293,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W615812809\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522559070\",\"https://openalex.org/W1564034482\",\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967126833\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980527160\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987430298\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994102540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004644140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006096283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007318901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007565547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009494091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012702426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021803760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035391615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035482871\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036802268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038098617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039619955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041404167\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052644075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059512699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071881327\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078152479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087302183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093969628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095031720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097563002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097974840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099046646\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114461993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114900706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117663940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118232570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129920623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132011757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137473377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137526583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149013149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162501988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411432352\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417217304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993383518\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235770099\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S146364893\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00204\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1963722081" }, { "id": 2563, "title": "The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs.", "normalized_title": "the entropic brain a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Hellyer PJ, Shanahan M, Feilding A, Tagliazucchi E, Chialvo DR, Nutt D.", "abstract": "Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with high disorder. Entropy is applied here in the context of states of consciousness and their associated neurodynamics, with a particular focus on the psychedelic state. The psychedelic state is considered an exemplar of a primitive or primary state of consciousness that preceded the development of modern, adult, human, normal waking consciousness. Based on neuroimaging data with psilocybin, a classic psychedelic drug, it is argued that the defining feature of \"primary states\" is elevated entropy in certain aspects of brain function, such as the repertoire of functional connectivity motifs that form and fragment across time. Indeed, since there is a greater repertoire of connectivity motifs in the psychedelic state than in normal waking consciousness, this implies that primary states may exhibit \"criticality,\" i.e., the property of being poised at a \"critical\" point in a transition zone between order and disorder where certain phenomena such as power-law scaling appear. Moreover, if primary states are critical, then this suggests that entropy is suppressed in normal waking consciousness, meaning that the brain operates just below criticality. It is argued that this entropy suppression furnishes normal waking consciousness with a constrained quality and associated metacognitive functions, including reality-testing and self-awareness. It is also proposed that entry into primary states depends on a collapse of the normally highly organized activity within the default-mode network (DMN) and a decoupling between the DMN and the medial temporal lobes (which are normally significantly coupled). These hypotheses can be tested by examining brain activity and associated cognition in other candidate primary states such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and early psychosis and comparing these with non-primary states such as normal waking consciousness and the anaesthetized state.", "journal": "Frontiers in Human Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2014-02-02", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020", "pubmed_id": "24550805", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24550805\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1285,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W60326299\",\"https://openalex.org/W107823487\",\"https://openalex.org/W114172207\",\"https://openalex.org/W147944597\",\"https://openalex.org/W428411035\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W597315667\",\"https://openalex.org/W615929756\",\"https://openalex.org/W640811781\",\"https://openalex.org/W641931011\",\"https://openalex.org/W656841880\",\"https://openalex.org/W985156132\",\"https://openalex.org/W1246084508\",\"https://openalex.org/W1486790842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1490778550\",\"https://openalex.org/W1507573241\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522559070\",\"https://openalex.org/W1545361542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1559496265\",\"https://openalex.org/W1564034482\",\"https://openalex.org/W1567548038\",\"https://openalex.org/W1574650603\",\"https://openalex.org/W1578453757\",\"https://openalex.org/W1579395641\",\"https://openalex.org/W1580771670\",\"https://openalex.org/W1586767291\",\"https://openalex.org/W1592264610\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603246884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1604871522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1606659366\",\"https://openalex.org/W1608306387\",\"https://openalex.org/W1611882622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1614549126\",\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1773987357\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844842999\",\"https://openalex.org/W1930603582\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964198552\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964982672\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965325756\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967324141\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968693054\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968798662\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970062588\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972160704\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972871262\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973082508\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975350691\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976120634\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976636888\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976749464\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977914625\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979704443\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980942712\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981036614\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981953172\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982695759\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983940011\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985728900\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987430298\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989868487\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990574575\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993042337\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993263395\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996566664\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998660188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998811784\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999830133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004772190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007211407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007764273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009594384\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009650955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009833479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010273594\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010425466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011190163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011700455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013378223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014114527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014163577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014574377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021752411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021981153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024525458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025180344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026799324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027063265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030206590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033642053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034271542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035482871\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036770644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037350170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037606383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040428046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040737547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045758998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048103941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048754522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050479285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053629728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054260111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056199650\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056336718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056752073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058020857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059628336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063542323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063779752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066456831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068199765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074225517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075514521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075849175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076429784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076870888\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080744486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089580004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090414491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090654400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093972428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095648136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096010820\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096577216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097584335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101070580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101334128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104744815\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105220251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107788476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110168541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111898826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112313930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114319021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117834601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119792333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121495950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121654107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121678235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122803078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123274136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126179966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126940530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128314959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130912823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132463041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132486749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132693675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133903921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134170969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135643379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136929908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138230504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139540253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140312669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142875089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143752845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145702255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148242024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148764920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149013149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150215146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150872839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150947790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159929956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163005465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163181850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166045982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169541524\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172274087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312466253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322527340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323823572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324093635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326523421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333694673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334332858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2394881923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408857681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413044490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414368675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418572012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2488800877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2495095152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2504931402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506524702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604819584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2777987555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802856933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805512448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886921230\",\"https://openalex.org/W3143838729\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205396847\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230139282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230668926\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231983498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232377622\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249456212\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252077867\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301121815\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301430340\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319425390\",\"https://openalex.org/W6604718989\",\"https://openalex.org/W6617648042\",\"https://openalex.org/W6620902859\",\"https://openalex.org/W6621971823\",\"https://openalex.org/W6631446797\",\"https://openalex.org/W6632769340\",\"https://openalex.org/W6633381392\",\"https://openalex.org/W6633738116\",\"https://openalex.org/W6635943804\",\"https://openalex.org/W6636204049\",\"https://openalex.org/W6636275371\",\"https://openalex.org/W6636289874\",\"https://openalex.org/W6636539330\",\"https://openalex.org/W6637502802\",\"https://openalex.org/W6646525569\",\"https://openalex.org/W6660708592\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661669549\",\"https://openalex.org/W6678246631\",\"https://openalex.org/W6716006308\",\"https://openalex.org/W6722655310\",\"https://openalex.org/W6816390053\",\"https://openalex.org/W6821667459\",\"https://openalex.org/W6903091376\",\"https://openalex.org/W7029630674\",\"https://openalex.org/W7034682407\",\"https://openalex.org/W7049241048\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075157980\",\"display_name\":\"Peter J. Hellyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-3401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072322524\",\"display_name\":\"Murray Shanahan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5984-2964\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058986420\",\"display_name\":\"Enzo Tagliazucchi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-9993\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031163192\",\"display_name\":\"Dante R. Chialvo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1038-3637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S146364893\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2109543774" }, { "id": 2565, "title": "A qualitative report on the subjective experience of intravenous psilocybin administered in an FMRI environment.", "normalized_title": "a qualitative report on the subjective experience of intravenous psilocybin administered in an fmri environment", "authors": "Turton S, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "BackgroundThis report documents the phenomenology of the subjective experiences of 15 healthy psychedelic experienced volunteers who were involved in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that was designed to image the brain effects of intravenous psilocybin.MethodsThe participants underwent a semi-structured interview exploring the effects of psilocybin in the MRI scanner. These interviews were analysed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The resultant data is ordered in a detailed matrix, and presented in this paper.ResultsNine broad categories of phenomenology were identified in the phenomenological analysis of the experience; perceptual changes including visual, auditory and somatosensory distortions, cognitive changes, changes in mood, effects of memory, spiritual or mystical type experiences, aspects relating to the scanner and research environment, comparisons with other experiences, the intensity and onset of effects, and individual interpretation of the experience.DiscussionThis article documents the phenomenology of psilocybin when given in a novel manner (intravenous injection) and setting (an MRI scanner). The findings of the analysis are consistent with previous published work regarding the subjective effects of psilocybin. There is much scope for further research investigating the phenomena identified in this paper.", "journal": "Current Drug Abuse Reviews", "publication_date": "2013-12-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.2174/1874473708666150107120930", "pubmed_id": "25563444", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473708666150107120930", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Injections, Intravenous, Affect, Memory, Adult, Female, Male, Interviews as Topic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25563444\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2131536379\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2131536379\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":48,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1517190443\",\"https://openalex.org/W1536888678\",\"https://openalex.org/W1553183615\",\"https://openalex.org/W1602427958\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982044027\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019122242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085845714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086066229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087265397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101070580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108817006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112313930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117207767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134763275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141585509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141746953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144455058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159929956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163181850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167605189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170811861\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078091210\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel Turton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-2375\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113636502\",\"display_name\":\"D.J. Nutt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S129558293\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Drug Abuse Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473708666150107120930\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Aging,Spirituality,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2131536379" }, { "id": 2576, "title": "Experienced drug users assess the relative harms and benefits of drugs: a web-based survey.", "normalized_title": "experienced drug users assess the relative harms and benefits of drugs a web based survey", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "A web-based survey was used to consult the opinions of experienced drug users on matters related to drug harms. We identified a rare sample of 93 drug users with personal experience with 11 different illicit drugs that are widely used in the UK. Asked to assess the relative harms of these drugs, they ranked alcohol and tobacco as the most harmful, and three \"Class A\" drugs (MDMA, LSD, and psilocybin) and one class B (cannabis) were ranked as the four least harmful drugs. When asked to assess the relative potential for benefit of the 11 drugs, MDMA, LSD, psilocybin, and cannabis were ranked in the top four; and when asked why these drugs are beneficial, rather than simply report hedonic properties, they referred to potential therapeutic applications (e.g., as tools to assist psychotherapy). These results provide a useful insight into the opinions of experienced drug users on a subject about which they have a rare and intimate knowledge.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2013-08-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2013.825034", "pubmed_id": "24377171", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.825034", "keywords": "Humans, Data Collection, Knowledge, Internet, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Drug Users, Illicit Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24377171\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2107232050\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2107232050\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":55,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1495091049\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973960016\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986225748\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991871193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021752411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042116862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084658093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108914738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.825034\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Observational Study,Adolescents", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2107232050" }, { "id": 2575, "title": "Broadband cortical desynchronization underlies the human psychedelic state.", "normalized_title": "broadband cortical desynchronization underlies the human psychedelic state", "authors": "Muthukumaraswamy SD, Carhart-Harris RL, Moran RJ, Brookes MJ, Williams TM, Errtizoe D, Sessa B, Papadopoulos A, Bolstridge M, Singh KD, Feilding A, Friston KJ, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs produce profound changes in consciousness, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms for this remain unclear. Spontaneous and induced oscillatory activity was recorded in healthy human participants with magnetoencephalography after intravenous infusion of psilocybin--prodrug of the nonselective serotonin 2A receptor agonist and classic psychedelic psilocin. Psilocybin reduced spontaneous cortical oscillatory power from 1 to 50 Hz in posterior association cortices, and from 8 to 100 Hz in frontal association cortices. Large decreases in oscillatory power were seen in areas of the default-mode network. Independent component analysis was used to identify a number of resting-state networks, and activity in these was similarly decreased after psilocybin. Psilocybin had no effect on low-level visually induced and motor-induced gamma-band oscillations, suggesting that some basic elements of oscillatory brain activity are relatively preserved during the psychedelic experience. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that posterior cingulate cortex desynchronization can be explained by increased excitability of deep-layer pyramidal neurons, which are known to be rich in 5-HT2A receptors. These findings suggest that the subjective effects of psychedelics result from a desynchronization of ongoing oscillatory rhythms in the cortex, likely triggered by 5-HT2A receptor-mediated excitation of deep pyramidal cells.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2013-08-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.2063-13.2013", "pubmed_id": "24048847", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2063-13.2013", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Electrocardiography, Cortical Synchronization, Magnetoencephalography, Analysis of Variance, Photic Stimulation, Nonlinear Dynamics, Models, Neurological, Rest, Adult, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24048847\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":501,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1551715170\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964982672\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975315697\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980721637\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980942712\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983166983\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985728900\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989045420\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990935024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993042337\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996219251\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998776339\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999512151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001718669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003178762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003411364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004473438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005612592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006686128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008659680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012501717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013798878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017108196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018699045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024202336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025175823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026208009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026352631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030825382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032215616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036802268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046742092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048939758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050479285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052524465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054052425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063243792\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063542323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064452374\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066456831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067992844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071881327\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082429984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083522308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086521788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093972428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096424283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099907163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104016179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108673721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113257799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114104729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114864644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116373155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119837022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120079537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122418437\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123649031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126561556\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127389037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129234356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130575754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131634223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135894974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138790588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148764920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149981907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153819129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156162268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157877092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159929956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161186572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163386852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166045982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231963173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294214781\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000583874\",\"display_name\":\"Suresh Muthukumaraswamy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-3920\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079076250\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalyn Moran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-2621\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106788181\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew J. Brookes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-8185\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056667568\",\"display_name\":\"David Errtizoe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081065269\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Sessa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-6060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113509149\",\"display_name\":\"Andreas Papadopoulos\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083338138\",\"display_name\":\"Krish D. Singh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-2475\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086852785\",\"display_name\":\"Karl Friston\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8909\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5555990\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2063-13.2013\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2033134445" }, { "id": 2578, "title": "Psychiatry's next top model: cause for a re-think on drug models of psychosis and other psychiatric disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychiatry s next top model cause for a re think on drug models of psychosis and other psychiatric disorders", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Brugger S, Nutt DJ, Stone JM.", "abstract": "Despite the widespread application of drug modelling in psychiatric research, the relative value of different models has never been formally compared in the same analysis. Here we compared the effects of five drugs (cannabis, psilocybin, amphetamine, ketamine and alcohol) in relation to psychiatric symptoms in a two-part subjective analysis. In the first part, mental health professionals associated statements referring to specific experiences, for example 'I don't bother to get out of bed', to one or more psychiatric symptom clusters, for example depression and negative psychotic symptoms. This measured the specificity of an experience for a particular disorder. In the second part, individuals with personal experience with each of the above-listed drugs were asked how reliably each drug produced the experiences listed in part 1, both acutely and sub-acutely. Part 1 failed to find any experiences that were specific for negative or cognitive psychotic symptoms over depression. The best model of positive symptoms was psilocybin and the best models overall were the acute alcohol and amphetamine models of mania. These results challenge current assumptions about drug models and motivate further research on this understudied area.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2013-06-18", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1177/0269881113494107", "pubmed_id": "23784738", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113494107", "keywords": "Humans, Cannabis, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Ethanol, Amphetamine, Ketamine, Pilot Projects, Mental Disorders, Psychiatry, Female, Male, Drug Users, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23784738\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1982429022\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1982429022\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":43,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W161649858\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964167179\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986571862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006936427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016770185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017358382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027656344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028498302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028884770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029674061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037722480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045243340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053347807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065540111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070461647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077239925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079417531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085688415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090124411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106292424\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119265191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129374552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138368199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144598750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145731152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149317326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160695817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171056452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2734455806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2930381162\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187277950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109246392\",\"display_name\":\"RL Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058340620\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Brugger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-8173\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113762702\",\"display_name\":\"DJ Nutt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053590250\",\"display_name\":\"James Stone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-0135\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113494107\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1982429022" }, { "id": 2573, "title": "Functional connectivity measures after psilocybin inform a novel hypothesis of early psychosis.", "normalized_title": "functional connectivity measures after psilocybin inform a novel hypothesis of early psychosis", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Erritzoe D, Williams TM, Stone JM, Evans J, Sharp DJ, Feilding A, Wise RG, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic and a candidate drug model of psychosis. This study measured the effects of psilocybin on resting-state network and thalamocortical functional connectivity (FC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fifteen healthy volunteers received intravenous infusions of psilocybin and placebo in 2 task-free resting-state scans. Primary analyses focused on changes in FC between the default-mode- (DMN) and task-positive network (TPN). Spontaneous activity in the DMN is orthogonal to spontaneous activity in the TPN, and it is well known that these networks support very different functions (ie, the DMN supports introspection, whereas the TPN supports externally focused attention). Here, independent components and seed-based FC analyses revealed increased DMN-TPN FC and so decreased DMN-TPN orthogonality after psilocybin. Increased DMN-TPN FC has been found in psychosis and meditatory states, which share some phenomenological similarities with the psychedelic state. Increased DMN-TPN FC has also been observed in sedation, as has decreased thalamocortical FC, but here we found preserved thalamocortical FC after psilocybin. Thus, we propose that thalamocortical FC may be related to arousal, whereas DMN-TPN FC is related to the separateness of internally and externally focused states. We suggest that this orthogonality is compromised in early psychosis, explaining similarities between its phenomenology and that of the psychedelic state and supporting the utility of psilocybin as a model of early psychosis.", "journal": "Schizophrenia Bulletin", "publication_date": "2012-10-07", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1093/schbul/sbs117", "pubmed_id": "23044373", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs117", "keywords": "Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex, Nerve Net, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Hallucinogens, Reproducibility of Results, Psychotic Disorders, Adult, Female, Male, Cerebrum, Young Adult, Connectome, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23044373\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":266,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964982672\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965325756\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978348024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981113766\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985728900\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987638762\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992373062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011700455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014339193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020318870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045844145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074225517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093972428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101070580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112639978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115687188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119792333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130912823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134170969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137526583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139765609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144421443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156395637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159929956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163005465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163181850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166094975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167641660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169787465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333681810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408288035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W6684124908\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Tim M. Williams\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053590250\",\"display_name\":\"James Stone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-0135\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008494200\",\"display_name\":\"John Evans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-4245\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042936423\",\"display_name\":\"David Sharp\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-2240\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059929148\",\"display_name\":\"Richard G. Wise\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-2144\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S117485531\",\"source_display_name\":\"Schizophrenia Bulletin\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs117\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Default Mode Network,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2122335802" }, { "id": 2606, "title": "Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "implications for psychedelic assisted psychotherapy functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Williams TM, Erritzoe D, Abbasi N, Bargiotas T, Hobden P, Sharp DJ, Evans J, Feilding A, Wise RG, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has a history of use in psychotherapy. One of the rationales for its use was that it aids emotional insight by lowering psychological defences.AimsTo test the hypothesis that psilocybin facilitates access to personal memories and emotions by comparing subjective and neural responses to positive autobiographical memories under psilocybin and placebo.MethodTen healthy participants received two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (2 mg intravenous psilocybin v. intravenous saline), separated by approximately 7 days, during which they viewed two different sets of 15 positive autobiographical memory cues. Participants viewed each cue for 6 s and then closed their eyes for 16 s and imagined re-experiencing the event. Activations during this recollection period were compared with an equivalent period of eyes-closed rest. We split the recollection period into an early phase (first 8 s) and a late phase (last 8 s) for analysis.ResultsRobust activations to the memories were seen in limbic and striatal regions in the early phase and the medial prefrontal cortex in the late phase in both conditions (P", "journal": "The British Journal of Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2012-01-25", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103309", "pubmed_id": "22282432", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103309", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Placebos, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Combined Modality Therapy, Brain Mapping, Cross-Over Studies, Emotions, Memory, Psychotherapy, Adult, Female, Male, Memory, Episodic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22282432\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":240,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W101520166\",\"https://openalex.org/W615929756\",\"https://openalex.org/W1809188141\",\"https://openalex.org/W1937144007\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965965542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968067697\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989045560\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993324335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013378223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015108059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035391615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050943404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065247877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110601496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111879008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117663940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139658019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142343279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146205180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153101815\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886921230\",\"https://openalex.org/W6604134018\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083427963\",\"display_name\":\"Najam ul Hasan Abbasi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-230X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034990647\",\"display_name\":\"Theodoras Bargiotas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042455955\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Hobden\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042936423\",\"display_name\":\"David Sharp\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-2240\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008494200\",\"display_name\":\"John Evans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-4245\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059929148\",\"display_name\":\"Richard G. Wise\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-2144\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113636502\",\"display_name\":\"D.J. Nutt\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S127936299\",\"source_display_name\":\"The British Journal of Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103309\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2119134849" }, { "id": 2608, "title": "Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fmri studies with psilocybin", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Erritzoe D, Williams T, Stone JM, Reed LJ, Colasanti A, Tyacke RJ, Leech R, Malizia AL, Murphy K, Hobden P, Evans J, Feilding A, Wise RG, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs have a long history of use in healing ceremonies, but despite renewed interest in their therapeutic potential, we continue to know very little about how they work in the brain. Here we used psilocybin, a classic psychedelic found in magic mushrooms, and a task-free functional MRI (fMRI) protocol designed to capture the transition from normal waking consciousness to the psychedelic state. Arterial spin labeling perfusion and blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI were used to map cerebral blood flow and changes in venous oxygenation before and after intravenous infusions of placebo and psilocybin. Fifteen healthy volunteers were scanned with arterial spin labeling and a separate 15 with BOLD. As predicted, profound changes in consciousness were observed after psilocybin, but surprisingly, only decreases in cerebral blood flow and BOLD signal were seen, and these were maximal in hub regions, such as the thalamus and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC and PCC). Decreased activity in the ACC/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was a consistent finding and the magnitude of this decrease predicted the intensity of the subjective effects. Based on these results, a seed-based pharmaco-physiological interaction/functional connectivity analysis was performed using a medial prefrontal seed. Psilocybin caused a significant decrease in the positive coupling between the mPFC and PCC. These results strongly imply that the subjective effects of psychedelic drugs are caused by decreased activity and connectivity in the brain's key connector hubs, enabling a state of unconstrained cognition.", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publication_date": "2012-01-22", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1119598109", "pubmed_id": "22308440", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119598109", "keywords": "Arteries, Brain, Prefrontal Cortex, Humans, Oxygen, Spin Labels, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Perfusion, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22308440\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1189,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1522559070\",\"https://openalex.org/W1919168435\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964625711\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986387796\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986938874\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011190163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014611832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032980276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037350170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045658734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068067169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080744486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085519455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085598752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085845714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114885295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117207767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121379737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133371501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134763275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136435696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136838610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138092999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140774335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141585509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145403933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146146069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147972558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148764920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151875733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156454043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159929956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2264455884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333694673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2602582143\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053590250\",\"display_name\":\"James Stone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-0135\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111420415\",\"display_name\":\"Laurence Reed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072668978\",\"display_name\":\"Alessandro Colasanti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-801X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108727800\",\"display_name\":\"Robin J. Tyacke\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029138023\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea L. Malizia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057824637\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin Murphy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-313X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042455955\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Hobden\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008494200\",\"display_name\":\"John Evans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-4245\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059929148\",\"display_name\":\"Richard G. Wise\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-2144\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S125754415\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119598109\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Consciousness,Aging,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2026832357" }, { "id": 2616, "title": "The administration of psilocybin to healthy, hallucinogen-experienced volunteers in a mock-functional magnetic resonance imaging environment: a preliminary investigation of tolerability.", "normalized_title": "the administration of psilocybin to healthy hallucinogen experienced volunteers in a mock functional magnetic resonance imaging environment a preliminary investigation of tolerability", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Williams TM, Sessa B, Tyacke RJ, Rich AS, Feilding A, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "This study sought to assess the tolerability of intravenously administered psilocybin in healthy, hallucinogen-experienced volunteers in a mock-magnetic resonance imaging environment as a preliminary stage to a controlled investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the effects of psilocybin on cerebral blood flow and activity. The present pilot study demonstrated that up to 2 mg of psilocybin delivered as a slow intravenous injection produces short-lived but typical drug effects that are psychologically and physiologically well tolerated. With appropriate care, this study supports the viability of functional magnetic resonance imaging work with psilocybin.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2010-04-14", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1177/0269881110367445", "pubmed_id": "20395317", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110367445", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Injections, Intravenous, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Drug Tolerance, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20395317\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":53,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W60326299\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076780080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324093635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802856933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2857765758\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081065269\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Sessa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-6060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108727800\",\"display_name\":\"Robin J. Tyacke\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111940587\",\"display_name\":\"Ann Rich\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110367445\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Aging,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2051426845" } ] }