{ "meta": { "tracker_site_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com", "publication_tracker_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com/", "generated_at_utc": "2026-07-05 14:55:12", "record_count": 51 }, "papers": [ { "id": 100, "title": "Epigenome-wide association study of psilocybin-induced methylome changes in alcohol use disorder.", "normalized_title": "epigenome wide association study of psilocybin induced methylome changes in alcohol use disorder", "authors": "Urban MM, Zillich L, Rieser NM, Herdener M, Spanagel R, Vollenweider FX, Preller KH, Meinhardt MW.", "abstract": "The serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin has shown potential as a treatment for psychiatric conditions like alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression in clinical studies. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, are hypothesized to contribute to its lasting therapeutic benefits. In this exploratory study, we present the first methylome-wide analysis of psilocybin-induced changes in a cohort of detoxified patients with AUD. The longitudinal study design included three assessment days in 37 patients with blood sampling and acquisition of psychometrics - at baseline, 24 h after administration of psilocybin (25 mg) or placebo (mannitol), and one month after treatment. As the primary endpoints (duration of abstinence and mean alcohol use) in this trial were not reached, our investigation included secondary psychometrics that differed significantly between groups: Beck's Depression Inventory and Beck's Hopelessness Scale. The epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) identified one CpG site in TLE4 (p = 1.1e-7) associated with psilocybin treatment. Screening for differentially methylated regions, we observed altered methylation in the gene RASGRP4 (pFDR = 3.2e-4). Network analysis revealed co-methylation modules related to psilocybin treatment, as well as modules associated with the reduction of depressive symptoms and drinking behavior. Gene ontology analysis indicated involvement of these modules in neuroplasticity and immune functions, suggesting that they may reflect abstinence-related recovery processes. Investigating candidate genes at nominal significance (p", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-05-25", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-026-03961-3", "pubmed_id": "42192100", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-03961-3", "keywords": "Humans, Alcoholism, Hallucinogens, Longitudinal Studies, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Psilocybin, Epigenome", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42192100\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Epigenetics,Observational Study,Genomics,Immune Function", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3033, "title": "Ketamine and Psilocybin Differentially Impact Sensory Learning During the Mismatch Negativity", "normalized_title": "ketamine and psilocybin differentially impact sensory learning during the mismatch negativity", "authors": "Allohverdi SG, Soltanzadeh M, Schmidt A, Charlton CE, Hauke DJ, Karvelis P, Vollenweider FX, Diaconescu AO.", "abstract": "Ketamine and psilocybin show potential as therapies for various mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder. However, further investigation into their neural mechanisms is required to understand their effects on the brain. By combining computational modelling with electroencephalography (EEG), we examine the effects of ketamine and psilocybin on hierarchical sensory pwPE learning in the context of the auditory mismatch negativity, an event-related potential consistently shown to be reduced under psychotomimetic interventions. We employed a Bayesian framework and re-analyzed a previously acquired EEG dataset (Schmidt et al., 2012) by modelling single-trial EEG data using the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter. Using a placebo-controlled within-subject crossover design, healthy subjects were administered either S-ketamine or psilocybin during an auditory roving paradigm of pure sinusoidal tones. Our findings elucidate distinct neural impacts of ketamine and psilocybin on sensory learning: ketamine led to a larger reduction in the effect of sensory precision compared to placebo from 207 to 316 ms peaking at 277 ms in the frontal central channels, while psilocybin showed no significant effect. Both drugs reduced the expression of belief precision between 160 to 184 ms, peaking at 172 ms. For higher-level volatility pwPEs, ketamine reduced the expression at 312 ms while psilocybin had a null effect. For perception of elementary imagery, ketamine had a greater effect than psilocybin on sensory and volatility precision, while psilocybin had a greater effect on volatility pwPEs. Our findings suggest hallucinogens have distinct effects on sensory learning that could inform tailored therapies for major depression.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-11-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.11.06.687023", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.06.687023", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1116082\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3071, "title": "Epigenome-wide Association Study of Psilocybin-Induced Methylome Changes in Alcohol Use Disorder", "normalized_title": "epigenome wide association study of psilocybin induced methylome changes in alcohol use disorder", "authors": "Urban MM, Zillich L, Rieser NM, Herdener M, Vollenweider FX, Spanagel R, Preller KH, Meinhardt MW.", "abstract": "The serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin has shown potential as a treatment for psychiatric conditions like alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression in clinical studies. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, are hypothesized to contribute to its lasting therapeutic benefits. In this exploratory study, we present the first methylome-wide analysis of psilocybin-induced changes in a cohort of detoxified patients with AUD. The longitudinal study design included three assessment days in 40 patients with blood sampling and acquisition of psychometrics - at baseline, 24 hours after administration of psilocybin (25 mg) or placebo (mannitol), and one month after treatment. Our epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) identified one CpG site in TLE4 ( p = 1.1e-7) associated with psilocybin treatment. Screening for differentially methylated regions, we observed altered methylation in the gene RASGRP4 ( pFDR = 3.2e-4). Network analysis revealed co-methylation modules related to psilocybin treatment, as well as modules associated with the reduction of depressive symptoms and drinking behavior. Gene ontology analysis indicated involvement of these modules in neuroplasticity and immune functions, suggesting that they may reflect abstinence-related recovery processes. Investigating candidate genes at nominal significance ( p < 0.05) uncovered promoter-associated methylation changes in HTR2A and TNF. Furthermore, at p < 0.05, we found baseline differences between treatment responders (< 1 standard unit alcohol in 4-week follow-up) and non-responders in genes related to synaptic plasticity and different neurotransmitter systems. While these findings are limited by the modest sample size, they align well with previous literature and might provide starting points for further, large-scale investigations or hypothesis-driven experiments.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-17", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.07.18.664368", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.18.664368", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1052183\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Epigenetics,Observational Study,Genomics,Immune Function", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 793, "title": "A Field-Wide Review and Analysis of Study Materials Used in Psilocybin Trials: Assessment of Two Decades of Research.", "normalized_title": "a field wide review and analysis of study materials used in psilocybin trials assessment of two decades of research", "authors": "Yaden DB, Graziosi M, Owen AM, Agin-Liebes G, Aaronson ST, Allen KE, Barrett FS, Bogenschutz MP, Carhart-Harris R, Ching THW, Cosimano MP, Danforth A, Davis AK, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths R, Grob CS, Gründer G, Gukasyan N, Heinzerling KG, Hendricks PS, Holze F, Horton DM, Johnson MW, Kelmendi B, Knatz Peck S, Koslowski M, Liechti ME, Mertens LJ, Moreno FA, Nayak SM, Nicholas CR, Preller KH, Rieser NM, Ross S, Sergi K, Sloshower J, Smigielski L, Stenbæk DS, Vollenweider FX, Weiss B, Wolff M, Yaden ME.", "abstract": "IntroductionSerotonergic psychedelics, serotonin 2A receptor agonists such as psilocybin that can result in substantially altered states of consciousness, are used in recreational and research settings. The safety of psychedelic experiences in research settings is supported by controlled physical environments, presence of clinical and medical staff to address emergent issues, screening for personal and family history of potential contraindications, and psychoeducational preparation with psychological support. Research settings typically provide psychoeducation to participants verbally and in writing (e.g., informed consent), and such documents and conversations can provide safety-related information-but may also introduce a wide range of expectancies. Such expectancies might involve the specific character of the acute subjective effects of psychedelics, possible side effects, and anticipated outcomes.MethodsTo better understand the content of this psychoeducation, we gathered study materials from many psilocybin studies conducted in the past two decades in healthy and therapeutic populations. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis to better understand these documents.ResultsWhile these documents varied substantially between studies, we identified themes intended to lower levels of risk and optimize therapeutic effects from psychedelic treatments. The most frequently coded themes related to (1) biological and physical safety, (2) psychological safety and well-being, (3) aspects of setting, and (4) potential for expectancies. Prioritizing biological and psychological safety was evident in the materials from all sites. Furthermore, we identify potential contributors to expectancy unrelated to safety and suggest that these extrapharmacological elements be studied systematically in future research.ConclusionsIdeally, future research should strive to maximize safety while attempting to minimize extraneous expectancies.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-02-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2024.0019", "pubmed_id": "40351554", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2024.0019", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40351554\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events,Contraindications", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1163, "title": "Author Correction: Psilocybin enhances insightfulness in meditation: a perspective on the global topology of brain imaging during meditation.", "normalized_title": "author correction psilocybin enhances insightfulness in meditation a perspective on the global topology of brain imaging during meditation", "authors": "Singer B, Meling D, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Michels L, Kometer M, Smigielski L, Dornbierer D, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Scheidegger M.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-04-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-59897-5", "pubmed_id": "38654063", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59897-5", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38654063\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1566, "title": "Corrigendum to 'Single-dose psilocybin-assisted therapy in major depressive disorder: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial'.", "normalized_title": "corrigendum to single dose psilocybin assisted therapy in major depressive disorder a placebo controlled double blind randomised clinical trial", "authors": "von Rotz R, Schindowski EM, Jungwirth J, Schuldt A, Rieser NM, Zahoranszky K, Seifritz E, Nowak A, Nowak P, Jäncke L, Preller KH, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101809.].", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-01-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101841", "pubmed_id": "36747965", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101841", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36747965\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3327, "title": "Neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery", "normalized_title": "neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery", "authors": "Stoliker D, Preller KH, Novelli L, Anticevic A, Egan GF, Vollenweider FX, Razi A.", "abstract": "Visual alterations under classic psychedelics can include rich phenomenological accounts of eyes-closed imagery. Preclinical evidence suggests agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor may reduce synaptic gain to produce psychedelic-induced imagery. However, this has not been investigated in humans. To infer the directed connectivity changes to visual sensory connectivity underlying psychedelic visual imagery in healthy adults, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed, and dynamic causal modelling was applied to the resting state eyes-closed functional MRI scans of 24 subjects after administration of 0.2mg/kg of the serotonergic psychedelic drug, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), or placebo. The effective connectivity model included the early visual area, fusiform gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We observed a pattern of increased self-inhibition of both early visual and higher visual-association regions under psilocybin that was consistent with preclinical findings. We also observed a pattern of reduced inhibition from visual-association regions to earlier visual areas that indicated top-down connectivity is enhanced during visual imagery. The results were associated with behavioural measures taken immediately after the scans, suggesting psilocybin-induced decreased sensitivity to neural inputs is associated with the perception of eyes-closed visual imagery. The findings inform our basic and clinical understanding of visual perception. They reveal neural mechanisms that, by affecting balance, may increase the impact of top-down feedback connectivity on perception, which could contribute to the visual imagery seen with eyes-closed during psychedelic experiences.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-09-08", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.09.07.22279700", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.07.22279700", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR541900\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3178, "title": "Effective connectivity of emotion and cognition under psilocybin", "normalized_title": "effective connectivity of emotion and cognition under psilocybin", "authors": "Stoliker D, Novelli L, Vollenweider FX, Egan GF, Preller KH, Razi A.", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics alter sense of self and patterns of self-related thought. These changes are hypothesised to underlie their therapeutic efficacy across internalising pathologies such as addiction and depression. Using resting-state functional MRI images from a randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 24 healthy adults under 0.215mg/kg psilocybin, we investigated how psilocybin modulates the effective connectivity between resting state networks and the amygdala that are involved in the appraisal and regulation of emotion and association with clinical symptoms. The networks included the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN). Psilocybin decreased top-down effective connectivity from the resting state networks to the amygdala and decreased effective connectivity within the DMN and SN, while the within CEN effective connectivity increased. Effective connectivity changes were also associated with altered emotion and meaning under psilocybin. Our findings identify changes to cognitive-emotional connectivity associated with the subjective effects of psilocybin and the attenuation of the amygdala signal as a potential biomarker of psilocybin’s therapeutic efficacy.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-09-08", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.09.06.22279626", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.06.22279626", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR541956\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Default Mode Network,Biomarkers,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1883, "title": "Psilocybin Induces Aberrant Prediction Error Processing of Tactile Mismatch Responses-A Simultaneous EEG-FMRI Study.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces aberrant prediction error processing of tactile mismatch responses a simultaneous eeg fmri study", "authors": "Duerler P, Brem S, Fraga-González G, Neef T, Allen M, Zeidman P, Stämpfli P, Vollenweider FX, Preller KH.", "abstract": "As source of sensory information, the body provides a sense of agency and self/non-self-discrimination. The integration of bodily states and sensory inputs with prior beliefs has been linked to the generation of bodily self-consciousness. The ability to detect surprising tactile stimuli is essential for the survival of an organism and for the formation of mental body representations. Despite the relevance for a variety of psychiatric disorders characterized by altered body and self-perception, the neurobiology of these processes is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of psilocybin (Psi), known to induce alterations in self-experience, on tactile mismatch responses by combining pharmacological manipulations with simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recording. Psi reduced activity in response to tactile surprising stimuli in frontal regions, the visual cortex, and the cerebellum. Furthermore, Psi reduced tactile mismatch negativity EEG responses at frontal electrodes, associated with alterations of body- and self-experience. This study provides first evidence that Psi alters the integration of tactile sensory inputs through aberrant prediction error processing and highlights the importance of the 5-HT2A system in tactile deviancy processing as well as in the integration of bodily and self-related stimuli. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant bodily self-awareness.", "journal": "Cerebral Cortex", "publication_date": "2021-10-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhab202", "pubmed_id": "34255821", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab202", "keywords": "Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electroencephalography, Body Image, Touch, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34255821\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Duerler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3234\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031335329\",\"display_name\":\"Silvia Brem\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-1305\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022882073\",\"display_name\":\"Gorka Fraga González\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1857-8607\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054188611\",\"display_name\":\"Tiffany Neef\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058730535\",\"display_name\":\"Micah Allen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-4179\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049183256\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Zeidman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-6619\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S117898428\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cerebral Cortex\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab202\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3180355975" }, { "id": 3287, "title": "Psilocybin exerts distinct effects on resting state networks associated with serotonin and dopamine in mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin exerts distinct effects on resting state networks associated with serotonin and dopamine in mice", "authors": "Grandjean J, Buehlmann D, Buerge M, Sigrist H, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Pryce CR, Rudin M.", "abstract": "Hallucinogenic agents have been proposed as potent antidepressants; this includes the serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2A agonist psilocybin. In human subjects, psilocybin alters functional connectivity (FC) within the default-mode network (DMN), a constellation of inter-connected regions that is involved in self-reference and displays altered FC in depressive disorders. In this study we investigated the effects of psilocybin on FC in the analogue of the DMN in mouse, with a view to establishing an experimental animal model to investigate underlying mechanisms. Psilocybin effects were investigated in lightly-anaesthetized mice using resting-state fMRI. Dual-regression analysis identified reduced FC within the ventral striatum in psilocybin-relative to vehicle-treated mice. Refinement of the analysis using spatial references derived from both gene expression maps and viral tracer projection fields revealed two distinct effects of psilocybin: it increased FC between 5-HT-associated networks and elements of the murine DMN, thalamus, and midbrain; it decreased FC within dopamine (DA)-associated striatal networks. These results suggest that interaction between 5-HT- and DA-regulated neural networks contributes to the neural and therefore psychological effects of psilocybin. Furthermore, they highlight how information on molecular expression patterns and structural connectivity can assist in the interpretation of pharmaco-fMRI findings.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2019-08-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1101/751255", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/751255", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR90802\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2406, "title": "Psilocybin modulates functional connectivity of the amygdala during emotional face discrimination.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin modulates functional connectivity of the amygdala during emotional face discrimination", "authors": "Grimm O, Kraehenmann R, Preller KH, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Recent studies suggest that the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin are mediated through its modulatory properties on prefrontal and limbic brain regions including the amygdala. To further investigate the effects of psilocybin on emotion processing networks, we studied for the first-time psilocybin's acute effects on amygdala seed-to-voxel connectivity in an event-related face discrimination task in 18 healthy volunteers who received psilocybin and placebo in a double-blind balanced cross-over design. The amygdala has been implicated as a salience detector especially involved in the immediate response to emotional face content. We used beta-series amygdala seed-to-voxel connectivity during an emotional face discrimination task to elucidate the connectivity pattern of the amygdala over the entire brain. When we compared psilocybin to placebo, an increase in reaction time for all three categories of affective stimuli was found. Psilocybin decreased the connectivity between amygdala and the striatum during angry face discrimination. During happy face discrimination, the connectivity between the amygdala and the frontal pole was decreased. No effect was seen during discrimination of fearful faces. Thus, we show psilocybin's effect as a modulator of major connectivity hubs of the amygdala. Psilocybin decreases the connectivity between important nodes linked to emotion processing like the frontal pole or the striatum. Future studies are needed to clarify whether connectivity changes predict therapeutic effects in psychiatric patients.", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-04-24", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016", "pubmed_id": "29703645", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016", "keywords": "Amygdala, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Reaction Time, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Facial Recognition, Psilocybin, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29703645\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":94,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1805858390\",\"https://openalex.org/W1961903064\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964970417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984163458\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997927507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013825418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016068952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017481703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026088841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044413038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050596356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054454468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061170062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074886593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086146798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086604324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091308025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094758440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101790396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109167188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109661582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133194768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133318750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134305330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142455581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143428277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157217643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164383455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165626582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290816323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2422363455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2481885040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605407165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607932615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970485787\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246613689\",\"https://openalex.org/W6601266828\",\"https://openalex.org/W6627905590\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654492999\",\"https://openalex.org/W6673819475\",\"https://openalex.org/W6837332038\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037306868\",\"display_name\":\"O. Grimm\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-0301\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2801092899" }, { "id": 2445, "title": "Serotonergic Hallucinogen-Induced Visual Perceptual Alterations.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic hallucinogen induced visual perceptual alterations", "authors": "Kometer M, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are famous for their capacity to temporally and profoundly alter an individual's visual experiences. These visual alterations show consistent attributes despite large inter- and intra-individual variances. Many reports document a common perception of colors as more saturated, with increased brightness and contrast in the environment (\"Visual Intensifications\"). Environmental objects might be altered in size (\"Visual illusions\") or take on a modified and special meaning for the subject (\"Altered self-reference\"). Subjects may perceive light flashes or geometrical figures containing recurrent patterns (\"Elementary imagery and hallucinations\") influenced by auditory stimuli (\"Audiovisual synesthesia\"), or they may envision images of people, animals, or landscapes (\"Complex imagery and hallucinations\") without any physical stimuli supporting their percepts. This wide assortment of visual phenomena suggests that one single neuropsychopharmacological mechanism is unlikely to explain such vast phenomenological diversity. Starting with mechanisms that act at the cellular level, the key role of 5-HT2A receptor activation and the subsequent increased cortical excitation will be considered. Next, it will be shown that area specific anatomical and dynamical features link increased excitation to the specific visual contents of hallucinations. The decrease of alpha oscillations by hallucinogens will then be introduced as a systemic mechanism for amplifying internal-driven excitation that overwhelms stimulus-induced excitations. Finally, the hallucinogen-induced parallel decrease of the N170 visual evoked potential and increased medial P1 potential will be discussed as key mechanisms for inducing a dysbalance between global integration and early visual gain that may explain several hallucinogen-induced visual experiences, including visual hallucinations, illusions, and intensifications.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2016_461", "pubmed_id": "27900674", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_461", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinations, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Visual Perception", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27900674\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2444, "title": "Phenomenology, Structure, and Dynamic of Psychedelic States.", "normalized_title": "phenomenology structure and dynamic of psychedelic states", "authors": "Preller KH, Vollenweider FX", "abstract": "Classic serotonergic hallucinogens or psychedelics produce an altered states of consciousness (ASC) that is characterized by profound alterations in sensory perception, mood, thought including the perception of reality, and the sense of self. Over the past years, there has been considerable progress in the search for invariant and common features of psychedelic states. In the first part of this review, we outline contemporary approaches to characterize the structure of ASCs by means of three primary etiology-independent dimensions including oceanic boundlessness, anxious ego-dissolution, and visionary restructuralization as well as by 11 lower-order factors, all of which can be reliably measured by the altered state of consciousness questionnaire (APZ-OAV). The second part sheds light on the dynamic nature of psychedelic experiences. Frequently, psychedelic subjects progress through different stages over time and levels of changes along a perception-hallucination continuum of increasing arousal and ego-dissolution. We then review in detail the acute effects of psychedelics on sensory perception, emotion, cognition, creativity, and time perception along with possible neural mechanisms underlying them. The next part of this review outlines the influence of non-pharmacological factors (predictors) on the acute psychedelic experience, such as demographics, genetics, personality, mood, and setting, and also discusses some long-term effects succeeding the acute experience. The last part presents some recent concepts and models attempting to understand different facets of psychedelic states of consciousness from a neuroscientific perspective.", "journal": "Current topics in behavioral neurosciences", "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2016_459", "pubmed_id": "28025814", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28025814/", "keywords": "Altered states of consciousness, Hallucinogens, Human, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"28025814\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Creativity,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2448, "title": "LSD Increases Primary Process Thinking via Serotonin 2A Receptor Activation.", "normalized_title": "lsd increases primary process thinking via serotonin 2a receptor activation", "authors": "Kraehenmann R, Pokorny D, Aicher H, Preller KH, Pokorny T, Bosch OG, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Rationale: Stimulation of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and related compounds such as psilocybin has previously been shown to increase primary process thinking - an ontologically and evolutionary early, implicit, associative, and automatic mode of thinking which is typically occurring during altered states of consciousness such as dreaming. However, it is still largely unknown whether LSD induces primary process thinking under placebo-controlled, standardized experimental conditions and whether these effects are related to subjective experience and 5-HT2A receptor activation. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypotheses that LSD increases primary process thinking and that primary process thinking depends on 5-HT2A receptor activation and is related to subjective drug effects. Methods: Twenty-five healthy subjects performed an audio-recorded mental imagery task 7 h after drug administration during three drug conditions: placebo, LSD (100 mcg orally) and LSD together with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (40 mg orally). The main outcome variable in this study was primary index (PI), a formal measure of primary process thinking in the imagery reports. State of consciousness was evaluated using the Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale. Results: LSD, compared with placebo, significantly increased primary index (p < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected). The LSD-induced increase in primary index was positively correlated with LSD-induced disembodiment (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected), and blissful state (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected) on the 5D-ASC. Both LSD-induced increases in primary index and changes in state of consciousness were fully blocked by ketanserin. Conclusion: LSD induces primary process thinking via activation of 5-HT2A receptors and in relation to disembodiment and blissful state. Primary process thinking appears to crucially organize inner experiences during both dreams and psychedelic states of consciousness.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-11-07", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2017.00814", "pubmed_id": "29167644", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00814", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29167644\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":115,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W8783304\",\"https://openalex.org/W156478726\",\"https://openalex.org/W420655603\",\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1566681894\",\"https://openalex.org/W1904266856\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964824176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965376401\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968799970\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971355925\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981228950\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982170313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983821600\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997031788\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997813616\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998631480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003033624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003295373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006197045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029173584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031989028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068505441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077009958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087578842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094500507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095706928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121001250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144078056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149390160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154803261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155479778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402482580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411921050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414362583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2507811178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603090185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608371625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2704181554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242396821\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300670882\",\"https://openalex.org/W6651988695\",\"https://openalex.org/W6716078033\",\"https://openalex.org/W6736650285\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108435810\",\"display_name\":\"Dan Pokorný\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030764396\",\"display_name\":\"Helena Aicher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-7086\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002125925\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver G. Bosch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-0859\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00814\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2768082096" }, { "id": 2460, "title": "Effect of Psilocybin on Empathy and Moral Decision-Making.", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin on empathy and moral decision making", "authors": "Pokorny T, Preller KH, Kometer M, Dziobek I, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundImpaired empathic abilities lead to severe negative social consequences and influence the development and treatment of several psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, empathy has been shown to play a crucial role in moral and prosocial behavior. Although the serotonin system has been implicated in modulating empathy and moral behavior, the relative contribution of the various serotonin receptor subtypes is still unknown.MethodsWe investigated the acute effect of psilocybin (0.215 mg/kg p.o.) in healthy human subjects on different facets of empathy and hypothetical moral decision-making using the multifaceted empathy test (n=32) and the moral dilemma task (n=24).ResultsPsilocybin significantly increased emotional, but not cognitive empathy compared with placebo, and the increase in implicit emotional empathy was significantly associated with psilocybin-induced changed meaning of percepts. In contrast, moral decision-making remained unaffected by psilocybin.ConclusionsThese findings provide first evidence that psilocybin has distinct effects on social cognition by enhancing emotional empathy but not moral behavior. Furthermore, together with previous findings, psilocybin appears to promote emotional empathy presumably via activation of serotonin 2A/1A receptors, suggesting that targeting serotonin 2A/1A receptors has implications for potential treatment of dysfunctional social cognition.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-08-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyx047", "pubmed_id": "28637246", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx047", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Empathy, Morals, Decision Making, Neuropsychological Tests, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28637246\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":201,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W85091029\",\"https://openalex.org/W590335313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1515050169\",\"https://openalex.org/W1597563915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1612167481\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971527018\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972895433\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980083892\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993694281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998534408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000120390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001594024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001733916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006103025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015278509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016681203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025044089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027068992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029612842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040748514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055132787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062530052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073612520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078650938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088779903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096694261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097415821\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117908720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120618620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122307809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127572868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129900561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130562555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140241886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140357702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141584333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142827688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146210764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147093380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147800818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158303226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164227568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165032621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171489717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2263689053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417895908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122562872\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073232278\",\"display_name\":\"Isabel Dziobek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-5353\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx047\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2624901555" }, { "id": 2453, "title": "Two dose investigation of the 5-HT-agonist psilocybin on relative and global cerebral blood flow.", "normalized_title": "two dose investigation of the 5 ht agonist psilocybin on relative and global cerebral blood flow", "authors": "Lewis CR, Preller KH, Kraehenmann R, Michels L, Staempfli P, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, is an agonist of various serotonin receptors. Seminal psilocybin positron emission tomography (PET) research suggested regional increases in glucose metabolism in frontal cortex (hyperfrontality). However, a recent arterial spin labeling (ASL) study suggests psilocybin may lead to hypo-perfusion in various brain regions. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study we used pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) to measure perfusion changes, with and without adjustment for global brain perfusion, after two doses of oral psilocybin (low dose: 0.160 mg/kg; high dose: 0.215 mg/kg) in two groups of healthy controls (n = 29 in both groups, total N = 58) during rest. We controlled for sex and age and used family-wise error corrected p values in all neuroimaging analyses. Both dose groups reported profound subjective drug effects as measured by the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) with the high dose inducing significantly larger effects in four out of the 11 scales. After adjusting for global brain perfusion, psilocybin increased relative perfusion in distinct right hemispheric frontal and temporal regions and bilaterally in the anterior insula and decreased perfusion in left hemispheric parietal and temporal cortices and left subcortical regions. Whereas, psilocybin significantly reduced absolute perfusion in frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and bilateral amygdalae, anterior cingulate, insula, striatal regions, and hippocampi. Our analyses demonstrate consistency with both the hyperfrontal hypothesis of psilocybin and the more recent study demonstrating decreased perfusion, depending on analysis method. Importantly, our data illustrate that relative changes in perfusion should be understood and interpreted in relation to absolute signal variations.", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2017-07-11", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.020", "pubmed_id": "28711736", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.020", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28711736\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":105,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963625493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966123432\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967578708\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976099054\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980268274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989850665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007734075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017046927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023555736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027470220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051509186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053268711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067890459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071543858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073845233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077466520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077654529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078297889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081844613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105548827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106072096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117575003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123029280\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132627535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169787465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W6645562331\",\"https://openalex.org/W6667554796\",\"https://openalex.org/W6670263693\",\"https://openalex.org/W6673819475\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035160894\",\"display_name\":\"Candace R. Lewis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032736128\",\"display_name\":\"Lars Michels\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-1100\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113804175\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stäempfli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.020\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2735984207" }, { "id": 2516, "title": "Effects of serotonin 2A/1A receptor stimulation on social exclusion processing.", "normalized_title": "effects of serotonin 2a 1a receptor stimulation on social exclusion processing", "authors": "Preller KH, Pokorny T, Hock A, Kraehenmann R, Stämpfli P, Seifritz E, Scheidegger M, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Social ties are crucial for physical and mental health. However, psychiatric patients frequently encounter social rejection. Moreover, an increased reactivity to social exclusion influences the development, progression, and treatment of various psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the neuromodulatory substrates of rejection experiences are largely unknown. The preferential serotonin (5-HT) 2A/1A receptor agonist, psilocybin (Psi), reduces the processing of negative stimuli, but whether 5-HT2A/1A receptor stimulation modulates the processing of negative social interactions remains unclear. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over study assessed the neural response to social exclusion after the acute administration of Psi (0.215 mg/kg) or placebo (Pla) in 21 healthy volunteers by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting-state magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Participants reported a reduced feeling of social exclusion after Psi vs. Pla administration, and the neural response to social exclusion was decreased in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the middle frontal gyrus, key regions for social pain processing. The reduced neural response in the dACC was significantly correlated with Psi-induced changes in self-processing and decreased aspartate (Asp) content. In conclusion, 5-HT2A/1A receptor stimulation with psilocybin seems to reduce social pain processing in association with changes in self-experience. These findings may be relevant to the normalization of negative social interaction processing in psychiatric disorders characterized by increased rejection sensitivity. The current results also emphasize the importance of 5-HT2A/1A receptor subtypes and the Asp system in the control of social functioning, and as prospective targets in the treatment of sociocognitive impairments in psychiatric illnesses.", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publication_date": "2016-04-17", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1524187113", "pubmed_id": "27091970", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524187113", "keywords": "Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Administration, Oral, Double-Blind Method, Social Isolation, Cognition, Placebo Effect, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Psychological Distance", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27091970\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":174,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1499681493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522795330\",\"https://openalex.org/W1557128794\",\"https://openalex.org/W1562538899\",\"https://openalex.org/W1931841624\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968322702\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970161990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001594024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004697292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009794136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010767001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012077435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030825382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030846840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032705776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034067099\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040140561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041524892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042030103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046396841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048818633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051886358\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058014295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059299642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071617207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075099417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080092700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080513954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081808783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082179080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086899306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087608601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089306255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094806572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096802921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098109055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109195157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110247921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110646298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112135274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112415501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114477072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122307809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127416697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128663196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131211368\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131334268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144535302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151517911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152231708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155696181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167295083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168128459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2217656301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326378348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2668816838\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211084653\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230486386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245688421\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003585207\",\"display_name\":\"Andreas Hock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7356-3654\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S125754415\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524187113\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2336591896" }, { "id": 2518, "title": "Modulatory effect of the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone and the mixed non-hallucinogenic 5-HT1A/2A agonist ergotamine on psilocybin-induced psychedelic experience.", "normalized_title": "modulatory effect of the 5 ht1a agonist buspirone and the mixed non hallucinogenic 5 ht1a 2a agonist ergotamine on psilocybin induced psychedelic experience", "authors": "Pokorny T, Preller KH, Kraehenmann R, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The mixed serotonin (5-HT) 1A/2A/2B/2C/6/7 receptor agonist psilocybin dose-dependently induces an altered state of consciousness (ASC) that is characterized by changes in sensory perception, mood, thought, and the sense of self. The psychological effects of psilocybin are primarily mediated by 5-HT2A receptor activation. However, accumulating evidence suggests that 5-HT1A or an interaction between 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors may contribute to the overall effects of psilocybin. Therefore, we used a double-blind, counterbalanced, within-subject design to investigate the modulatory effects of the partial 5-HT1A agonist buspirone (20mg p.o.) and the non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A/1A agonist ergotamine (3mg p.o.) on psilocybin-induced (170 µg/kg p.o.) psychological effects in two groups (n=19, n=17) of healthy human subjects. Psychological effects were assessed using the Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale. Buspirone significantly reduced the 5D-ASC main scale score for Visionary Restructuralization (VR) (p", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-01-21", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005", "pubmed_id": "26875114", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005", "keywords": "Humans, Consciousness Disorders, Ergotamine, Buspirone, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Healthy Volunteers, Behavior Rating Scale, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26875114\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":148,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W147747432\",\"https://openalex.org/W563138297\",\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1497084816\",\"https://openalex.org/W1588173517\",\"https://openalex.org/W1660450282\",\"https://openalex.org/W1895729847\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977862375\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977876439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979617003\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980348146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007847135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012317729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014924332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015278509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020080226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037669146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048184801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054129965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054287670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054695075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058637803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061086186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062883936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069466951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069704104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070144747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082394649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084420260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084476204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086028272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086370837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107723089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124291611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129506769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134498737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147688165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245706386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553734262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6627905590\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654136062\",\"https://openalex.org/W6678553313\",\"https://openalex.org/W6679244127\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2284048615" }, { "id": 2525, "title": "The mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces threat-induced modulation of amygdala connectivity.", "normalized_title": "the mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces threat induced modulation of amygdala connectivity", "authors": "Kraehenmann R, Schmidt A, Friston K, Preller KH, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Stimulation of serotonergic neurotransmission by psilocybin has been shown to shift emotional biases away from negative towards positive stimuli. We have recently shown that reduced amygdala activity during threat processing might underlie psilocybin's effect on emotional processing. However, it is still not known whether psilocybin modulates bottom-up or top-down connectivity within the visual-limbic-prefrontal network underlying threat processing. We therefore analyzed our previous fMRI data using dynamic causal modeling and used Bayesian model selection to infer how psilocybin modulated effective connectivity within the visual-limbic-prefrontal network during threat processing. First, both placebo and psilocybin data were best explained by a model in which threat affect modulated bidirectional connections between the primary visual cortex, amygdala, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Second, psilocybin decreased the threat-induced modulation of top-down connectivity from the amygdala to primary visual cortex, speaking to a neural mechanism that might underlie putative shifts towards positive affect states after psilocybin administration. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.", "journal": "NeuroImage Clinical", "publication_date": "2015-08-21", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009", "pubmed_id": "26909323", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009", "keywords": "Amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Neural Pathways, Humans, Brain Mapping, Bayes Theorem, Fear, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26909323\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":107,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W284042030\",\"https://openalex.org/W438966905\",\"https://openalex.org/W590335313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964970417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974105735\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976863244\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004805863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016647678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024685092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038727657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044264234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047496901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054428623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058866161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072283174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083433785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086590817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095986387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097958735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112300402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116649573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117663940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127229574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135173838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136619901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139037554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147351252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149798692\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155388413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285774466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913421382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210652359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230920194\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232609309\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W6617660511\",\"https://openalex.org/W6950415317\",\"https://openalex.org/W6982170338\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086852785\",\"display_name\":\"Karl Friston\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8909\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898194095\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage Clinical\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1191653087" }, { "id": 2530, "title": "Psilocybin-Induced Decrease in Amygdala Reactivity Correlates with Enhanced Positive Mood in Healthy Volunteers.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced decrease in amygdala reactivity correlates with enhanced positive mood in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Kraehenmann R, Preller KH, Scheidegger M, Pokorny T, Bosch OG, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundThe amygdala is a key structure in serotonergic emotion-processing circuits. In healthy volunteers, acute administration of the serotonin 1A/2A/2C receptor agonist psilocybin reduces neural responses to negative stimuli and induces mood changes toward positive states. However, it is little-known whether psilocybin reduces amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli and whether any change in amygdala reactivity is related to mood change.MethodsThis study assessed the effects of acute administration of the hallucinogen psilocybin (.16 mg/kg) versus placebo on amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli in 25 healthy volunteers using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mood changes were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A double-blind, randomized, cross-over design was used with volunteers counterbalanced to receive psilocybin and placebo in two separate sessions at least 14 days apart.ResultsAmygdala reactivity to negative and neutral stimuli was lower after psilocybin administration than after placebo administration. The psilocybin-induced attenuation of right amygdala reactivity in response to negative stimuli was related to the psilocybin-induced increase in positive mood state.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that acute treatment with psilocybin decreased amygdala reactivity during emotion processing and that this was associated with an increase of positive mood in healthy volunteers. These findings may be relevant to the normalization of amygdala hyperactivity and negative mood states in patients with major depression.", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2014-04-25", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010", "pubmed_id": "24882567", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010", "keywords": "Amygdala, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Depression, Affect, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24882567\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":324,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1547500656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1552978522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1919168435\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968806178\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968837585\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968912840\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969392677\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974077854\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976753688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987599891\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998637554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000681816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016660677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018013323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022272156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023118385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030462630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040537810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044264234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045411897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050472078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054428623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060926272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062089925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062190490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062577826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066231855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077188072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079346309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082076406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082369948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087209021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088160189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091715004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095986387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096407697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097031641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102343823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103880802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109661582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110290939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111464173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117590310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117693696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118492070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118707925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121748618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130755626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136148200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136485397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136794022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138538218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147351252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149721894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152817345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155690750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161085199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168778334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169615651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171055927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2274313778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285774466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2438505389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913421382\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002125925\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver G. Bosch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-0859\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2093203605" }, { "id": 2553, "title": "Spatiotemporal brain dynamics of emotional face processing modulations induced by the serotonin 1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "spatiotemporal brain dynamics of emotional face processing modulations induced by the serotonin 1a 2a receptor agonist psilocybin", "authors": "Bernasconi F, Schmidt A, Pokorny T, Kometer M, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Emotional face processing is critically modulated by the serotonergic system. For instance, emotional face processing is impaired by acute psilocybin administration, a serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 2A receptor agonist. However, the spatiotemporal brain mechanisms underlying these modulations are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal brain dynamics underlying psilocybin-induced modulations during emotional face processing. Electrical neuroimaging analyses were applied to visual evoked potentials in response to emotional faces, following psilocybin and placebo administration. Our results indicate a first time period of strength (i.e., Global Field Power) modulation over the 168-189 ms poststimulus interval, induced by psilocybin. A second time period of strength modulation was identified over the 211-242 ms poststimulus interval. Source estimations over these 2 time periods further revealed decreased activity in response to both neutral and fearful faces within limbic areas, including amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, and the right temporal cortex over the 168-189 ms interval, and reduced activity in response to happy faces within limbic and right temporo-occipital brain areas over the 211-242 ms interval. Our results indicate a selective and temporally dissociable effect of psilocybin on the neuronal correlates of emotional face processing, consistent with a modulation of the top-down control.", "journal": "Cerebral Cortex", "publication_date": "2013-07-15", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bht178", "pubmed_id": "23861318", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht178", "keywords": "Face, Temporal Lobe, Humans, Electroencephalography, Brain Mapping, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychometrics, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23861318\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Bernasconi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6598\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S117898428\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cerebral Cortex\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht178\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2169957979" }, { "id": 2583, "title": "Activation of serotonin 2A receptors underlies the psilocybin-induced effects on α oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and visual hallucinations.", "normalized_title": "activation of serotonin 2a receptors underlies the psilocybin induced effects on α oscillations n170 visual evoked potentials and visual hallucinations", "authors": "Kometer M, Schmidt A, Jäncke L, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Visual illusions and hallucinations are hallmarks of serotonergic hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. Although the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin activates multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptors, recent evidence suggests that activation of 5-HT2A receptors may lead to the formation of visual hallucinations by increasing cortical excitability and altering visual-evoked cortical responses. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of psilocybin (215 μg/kg vs placebo) on both α oscillations that regulate cortical excitability and early visual-evoked P1 and N170 potentials in healthy human subjects. To further disentangle the specific contributions of 5-HT2A receptors, subjects were additionally pretreated with the preferential 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (50 mg vs placebo). We found that psilocybin strongly decreased prestimulus parieto-occipital α power values, thus precluding a subsequent stimulus-induced α power decrease. Furthermore, psilocybin strongly decreased N170 potentials associated with the appearance of visual perceptual alterations, including visual hallucinations. All of these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin, indicating that activation of 5-HT2A receptors by psilocybin profoundly modulates the neurophysiological and phenomenological indices of visual processing. Specifically, activation of 5-HT2A receptors may induce a processing mode in which stimulus-driven cortical excitation is overwhelmed by spontaneous neuronal excitation through the modulation of α oscillations. Furthermore, the observed reduction of N170 visual-evoked potentials may be a key mechanism underlying 5-HT2A receptor-mediated visual hallucinations. This change in N170 potentials may be important not only for psilocybin-induced states but also for understanding acute hallucinatory states seen in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2013-05-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.3007-12.2013", "pubmed_id": "23785166", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3007-12.2013", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Alpha Rhythm, Analysis of Variance, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Double-Blind Method, Photic Stimulation, Consciousness, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Psychometrics, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23785166\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":357,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1561090407\",\"https://openalex.org/W1578550907\",\"https://openalex.org/W1676514359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1722437726\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965234735\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968247093\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977223859\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988102740\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993547521\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996538430\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020928796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021170333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022044536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026136738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033553753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034146105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042318979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043877765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045823207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050473619\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050479285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055389171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061152951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067154139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079164751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086590261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094441958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094930158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096407697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101295242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104624711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107504156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117049078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131113091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134498737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134503929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134831221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134902990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139203422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140362090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171783484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172243197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439377083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798308215\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032741510\",\"display_name\":\"Lutz Jäncke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-9067\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5555990\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3007-12.2013\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2020974659" }, { "id": 2597, "title": "Psilocybin biases facial recognition, goal-directed behavior, and mood state toward positive relative to negative emotions through different serotonergic subreceptors.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin biases facial recognition goal directed behavior and mood state toward positive relative to negative emotions through different serotonergic subreceptors", "authors": "Kometer M, Schmidt A, Bachmann R, Studerus E, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundSerotonin (5-HT) 1A and 2A receptors have been associated with dysfunctional emotional processing biases in mood disorders. These receptors further predominantly mediate the subjective and behavioral effects of psilocybin and might be important for its recently suggested antidepressive effects. However, the effect of psilocybin on emotional processing biases and the specific contribution of 5-HT2A receptors across different emotional domains is unknown.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind study, 17 healthy human subjects received on 4 separate days placebo, psilocybin (215 μg/kg), the preferential 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (50 mg), or psilocybin plus ketanserin. Mood states were assessed by self-report ratings, and behavioral and event-related potential measurements were used to quantify facial emotional recognition and goal-directed behavior toward emotional cues.ResultsPsilocybin enhanced positive mood and attenuated recognition of negative facial expression. Furthermore, psilocybin increased goal-directed behavior toward positive compared with negative cues, facilitated positive but inhibited negative sequential emotional effects, and valence-dependently attenuated the P300 component. Ketanserin alone had no effects but blocked the psilocybin-induced mood enhancement and decreased recognition of negative facial expression.ConclusionsThis study shows that psilocybin shifts the emotional bias across various psychological domains and that activation of 5-HT2A receptors is central in mood regulation and emotional face recognition in healthy subjects. These findings may not only have implications for the pathophysiology of dysfunctional emotional biases but may also provide a framework to delineate the mechanisms underlying psylocybin's putative antidepressant effects.", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2012-05-09", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.005", "pubmed_id": "22578254", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.005", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Ketanserin, Receptors, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Affect, Goals, Neuropsychological Tests, Evoked Potentials, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin, Recognition, Psychology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22578254\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":299,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979086264\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982282806\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994271186\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994511912\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000571766\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001854690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002469918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014019620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022816995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026736418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027680810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034119223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034860560\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036575795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039391993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040285006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040383829\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040624569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042298460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043009728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045618160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055098509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060926272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067512259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067901581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069947117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071743179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073547940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073805480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074739635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078806205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083894864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091600396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103296974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104640717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105909330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108384452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116650724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127699202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134822928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140443081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141820378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149522089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149823098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150407416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151985832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153159895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153590575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157574960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158718741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163431819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170151899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970485787\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294333904\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022192518\",\"display_name\":\"Rosilla Bachmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034712307\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Studerus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0182\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.005\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1974074998" }, { "id": 2610, "title": "Prediction of psilocybin response in healthy volunteers.", "normalized_title": "prediction of psilocybin response in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Studerus E, Gamma A, Kometer M, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Responses to hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin, are believed to be critically dependent on the user's personality, current mood state, drug pre-experiences, expectancies, and social and environmental variables. However, little is known about the order of importance of these variables and their effect sizes in comparison to drug dose. Hence, this study investigated the effects of 24 predictor variables, including age, sex, education, personality traits, drug pre-experience, mental state before drug intake, experimental setting, and drug dose on the acute response to psilocybin. The analysis was based on the pooled data of 23 controlled experimental studies involving 409 psilocybin administrations to 261 healthy volunteers. Multiple linear mixed effects models were fitted for each of 15 response variables. Although drug dose was clearly the most important predictor for all measured response variables, several non-pharmacological variables significantly contributed to the effects of psilocybin. Specifically, having a high score in the personality trait of Absorption, being in an emotionally excitable and active state immediately before drug intake, and having experienced few psychological problems in past weeks were most strongly associated with pleasant and mystical-type experiences, whereas high Emotional Excitability, low age, and an experimental setting involving positron emission tomography most strongly predicted unpleasant and/or anxious reactions to psilocybin. The results confirm that non-pharmacological variables play an important role in the effects of psilocybin.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2012-02-16", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0030800", "pubmed_id": "22363492", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030800", "keywords": "Humans, Regression Analysis, Human Experimentation, Models, Biological, Adult, Health, Female, Male, Databases as Topic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22363492\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":372,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W47570533\",\"https://openalex.org/W118102967\",\"https://openalex.org/W156478726\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W615930258\",\"https://openalex.org/W629034211\",\"https://openalex.org/W1521400324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1554037975\",\"https://openalex.org/W1610612296\",\"https://openalex.org/W1728015978\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965159810\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970318334\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980506392\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988333594\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998816239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005995330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015898202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045656233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050825072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053406116\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054068506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060755763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060882917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066323805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099737847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102132984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108817006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113309897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115098571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118502261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120958408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121333311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125001590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131356401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133494987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144078056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153594880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158478962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297716127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2480710602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2491453816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2494169975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2570367220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592606773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970451695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987281865\",\"https://openalex.org/W3148930403\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213286494\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230668926\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232383088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252673049\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298826872\",\"https://openalex.org/W6606369347\",\"https://openalex.org/W6617648042\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661669549\",\"https://openalex.org/W6662203318\",\"https://openalex.org/W6722275405\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034712307\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Studerus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0182\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071981428\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Gamma\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-6544\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030800\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2003424951" }, { "id": 2607, "title": "Mismatch negativity encoding of prediction errors predicts S-ketamine-induced cognitive impairments.", "normalized_title": "mismatch negativity encoding of prediction errors predicts s ketamine induced cognitive impairments", "authors": "Schmidt A, Bachmann R, Kometer M, Csomor PA, Stephan KE, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Psychotomimetics like the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine and the 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor (5-HT(2A)R) agonist psilocybin induce psychotic symptoms in healthy volunteers that resemble those of schizophrenia. Recent theories of psychosis posit that aberrant encoding of prediction errors (PE) may underlie the expression of psychotic symptoms. This study used a roving mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm to investigate whether the encoding of PE is affected by pharmacological manipulation of NMDAR or 5-HT(2A)R, and whether the encoding of PE under placebo can be used to predict drug-induced symptoms. Using a double-blind within-subject placebo-controlled design, S-ketamine and psilocybin, respectively, were administrated to two groups of healthy subjects. Psychological alterations were assessed using a revised version of the Altered States of Consciousness (ASC-R) questionnaire. As an index of PE, we computed changes in MMN amplitudes as a function of the number of preceding standards (MMN memory trace effect) during a roving paradigm. S-ketamine, but not psilocybin, disrupted PE processing as expressed by a frontally disrupted MMN memory trace effect. Although both drugs produced positive-like symptoms, the extent of PE processing under placebo only correlated significantly with the severity of cognitive impairments induced by S-ketamine. Our results suggest that the NMDAR, but not the 5-HT(2A)R system, is implicated in PE processing during the MMN paradigm, and that aberrant PE signaling may contribute to the formation of cognitive impairments. The assessment of the MMN memory trace in schizophrenia may allow detecting early phases of the illness and might also serve to assess the efficacy of novel pharmacological treatments, in particular of cognitive impairments.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2011-10-25", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1038/npp.2011.261", "pubmed_id": "22030715", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.261", "keywords": "Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Ketamine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Placebos, Electroencephalography, Double-Blind Method, Cognition Disorders, Schizophrenia, Forecasting, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22030715\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1989324273" }, { "id": 2609, "title": "Psilocybin-induced deficits in automatic and controlled inhibition are attenuated by ketanserin in healthy human volunteers.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced deficits in automatic and controlled inhibition are attenuated by ketanserin in healthy human volunteers", "authors": "Quednow BB, Kometer M, Geyer MA, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The serotonin-2A receptor (5-HT(2A)R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related inhibitory gating and behavioral inhibition deficits of schizophrenia patients. The hallucinogen psilocybin disrupts automatic forms of sensorimotor gating and response inhibition in humans, but it is unclear so far whether the 5-HT(2A)R or 5-HT(1A)R agonist properties of its bioactive metabolite psilocin account for these effects. Thus, we investigated whether psilocybin-induced deficits in automatic and controlled inhibition in healthy humans could be attenuated by the 5-HT(2A/2C)R antagonist ketanserin. A total of 16 healthy participants received placebo, ketanserin (40 mg p.o.), psilocybin (260 μg/kg p.o.), or psilocybin plus ketanserin in a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced order. Sensorimotor gating was measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. The effects on psychopathological core dimensions and behavioral inhibition were assessed by the altered states of consciousness questionnaire (5D-ASC), and the Color-Word Stroop Test. Psilocybin decreased PPI at short lead intervals (30 ms), increased all 5D-ASC scores, and selectively increased errors in the interference condition of the Stroop Test. Stroop interference and Stroop effect of the response latencies were increased under psilocybin as well. Psilocybin-induced alterations were attenuated by ketanserin pretreatment, whereas ketanserin alone had no significant effects. These findings suggest that the disrupting effects of psilocybin on automatic and controlled inhibition processes are attributable to 5-HT(2A)R stimulation. Sensorimotor gating and attentional control deficits of schizophrenia patients might be due to changes within the 5-HT(2A)R system.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2011-09-27", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1038/npp.2011.228", "pubmed_id": "21956447", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.228", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Acoustic Stimulation, Double-Blind Method, Neuropsychological Tests, Adult, Female, Male, Sensory Gating, Reflex, Startle, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin, Inhibition, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21956447\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":241,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W594743044\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494578926\",\"https://openalex.org/W1571434348\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582206225\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1793501383\",\"https://openalex.org/W1830481607\",\"https://openalex.org/W1956361529\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965332505\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966051646\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966733693\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968049725\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974154075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978608546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978951465\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979267292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981658753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984304181\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985970837\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986445373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986772828\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992053647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992400380\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992625143\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993266955\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993331772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995983844\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996901141\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999553216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001045706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005858623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007011615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008663231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012359728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013248977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016884761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023839383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026721396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029267570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031713841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032139509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035170991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047187993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047640431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048405858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054044236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056271635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057046889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058424070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060884332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062049551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065288952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065863022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068039132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073113115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073845233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076167345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078922234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079803535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083397771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088475367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090855318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090979638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091914069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092866176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094450187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095213614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096029767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097175416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097684433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097759310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099667563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105300968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105337517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112891613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126853995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128720831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131489415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140421124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145298476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150232387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150704745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155704620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161047862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165224002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169289621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2184103870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242530628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407460961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430257027\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021847224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231983498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319425390\",\"https://openalex.org/W6690195860\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071295954\",\"display_name\":\"Boris B. Quednow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-2865\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.228\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2063393199" }, { "id": 2624, "title": "The 5-HT2A/1A agonist psilocybin disrupts modal object completion associated with visual hallucinations.", "normalized_title": "the 5 ht2a 1a agonist psilocybin disrupts modal object completion associated with visual hallucinations", "authors": "Kometer M, Cahn BR, Andel D, Carter OL, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundRecent findings suggest that the serotonergic system and particularly the 5-HT2A/1A receptors are implicated in visual processing and possibly the pathophysiology of visual disturbances including hallucinations in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.MethodsTo investigate the role of 5-HT2A/1A receptors in visual processing the effect of the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A/1A agonist psilocybin (125 and 250 μg/kg vs. placebo) on the spatiotemporal dynamics of modal object completion was assessed in normal volunteers (n = 17) using visual evoked potential recordings in conjunction with topographic-mapping and source analysis. These effects were then considered in relation to the subjective intensity of psilocybin-induced visual hallucinations quantified by psychometric measurement.ResultsPsilocybin dose-dependently decreased the N170 and, in contrast, slightly enhanced the P1 component selectively over occipital electrode sites. The decrease of the N170 was most apparent during the processing of incomplete object figures. Moreover, during the time period of the N170, the overall reduction of the activation in the right extrastriate and posterior parietal areas correlated positively with the intensity of visual hallucinations.ConclusionsThese results suggest a central role of the 5-HT2A/1A-receptors in the modulation of visual processing. Specifically, a reduced N170 component was identified as potentially reflecting a key process of 5-HT2A/1A receptor-mediated visual hallucinations and aberrant modal object completion potential.", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2010-12-02", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.002", "pubmed_id": "21126732", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.002", "keywords": "Occipital Lobe, Visual Cortex, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Consciousness Disorders, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Cluster Analysis, Photic Stimulation, Perceptual Closure, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21126732\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":101,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W245658\",\"https://openalex.org/W56041172\",\"https://openalex.org/W1578550907\",\"https://openalex.org/W1676514359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966203834\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966928238\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969273085\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976837885\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987088819\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000127039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008292361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011974485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020770340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022044536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026136738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035398019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036060834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042899905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044210895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055389171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072968427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086590261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088475367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094277538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098418070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099239993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101430675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106959550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107394985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107505948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114789681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125671859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130031954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133410812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134498737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135719514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135861595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138790588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139276378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144806037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146175554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155690750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157551763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162054698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162792044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163813092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401157625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2764423798\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6600012500\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018321179\",\"display_name\":\"B. Rael Cahn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-0647\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054829951\",\"display_name\":\"David Andel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.002\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2038593489" }, { "id": 2615, "title": "Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies.", "normalized_title": "acute subacute and long term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans a pooled analysis of experimental studies", "authors": "Studerus E, Kometer M, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Psilocybin and related hallucinogenic compounds are increasingly used in human research. However, due to limited information about potential subjective side effects, the controlled medical use of these compounds has remained controversial. We therefore analysed acute, short- and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans by pooling raw data from eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The analysis included 110 healthy subjects who had received 1-4 oral doses of psilocybin (45-315 µg/kg body weight). Although psilocybin dose-dependently induced profound changes in mood, perception, thought and self-experience, most subjects described the experience as pleasurable, enriching and non-threatening. Acute adverse drug reactions, characterized by strong dysphoria and/or anxiety/panic, occurred only in the two highest dose conditions in a relatively small proportion of subjects. All acute adverse drug reactions were successfully managed by providing interpersonal support and did not need psychopharmacological intervention. Follow-up questionnaires indicated no subsequent drug abuse, persisting perception disorders, prolonged psychosis or other long-term impairment of functioning in any of our subjects. The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2010-09-19", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1177/0269881110382466", "pubmed_id": "20855349", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110382466", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Follow-Up Studies, Double-Blind Method, Affect, Perception, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20855349\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":529,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W359263171\",\"https://openalex.org/W1513242235\",\"https://openalex.org/W1573959920\",\"https://openalex.org/W1587094587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1933205484\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967205222\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967887881\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973927342\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980563902\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980677295\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982170313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982233118\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992275189\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000021284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002178209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008071452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013734228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016549521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018604380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022544017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037606383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037891934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052512884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061607209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064627176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068199765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078297889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083152069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089982466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106188235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114629758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115154626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117834601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121654107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144455058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150903999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152569564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159267296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245706386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2262454617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276257934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312475727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2399045151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412554478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2433136333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2486076347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791114118\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199318186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206439534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233004824\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249454396\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034712307\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Studerus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0182\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110382466\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Observational Study,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1981740630" }, { "id": 2630, "title": "Psychometric evaluation of the altered states of consciousness rating scale (OAV).", "normalized_title": "psychometric evaluation of the altered states of consciousness rating scale oav", "authors": "Studerus E, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundThe OAV questionnaire has been developed to integrate research on altered states of consciousness (ASC). It measures three primary and one secondary dimensions of ASC that are hypothesized to be invariant across ASC induction methods. The OAV rating scale has been in use for more than 20 years and applied internationally in a broad range of research fields, yet its factorial structure has never been tested by structural equation modeling techniques and its psychometric properties have never been examined in large samples of experimentally induced ASC.Methodology/principal findingsThe present study conducted a psychometric evaluation of the OAV in a sample of psilocybin (n = 327), ketamine (n = 162), and MDMA (n = 102) induced ASC that was obtained by pooling data from 43 experimental studies. The factorial structure was examined by confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, hierarchical item clustering (ICLUST), and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling. The originally proposed model did not fit the data well even if zero-constraints on non-target factor loadings and residual correlations were relaxed. Furthermore, ICLUST suggested that the \"oceanic boundlessness\" and \"visionary restructuralization\" factors could be combined on a high level of the construct hierarchy. However, because these factors were multidimensional, we extracted and examined 11 new lower order factors. MIMIC modeling indicated that these factors were highly measurement invariant across drugs, settings, questionnaire versions, and sexes. The new factors were also demonstrated to have improved homogeneities, satisfactory reliabilities, discriminant and convergent validities, and to differentiate well among the three drug groups.Conclusions/significanceThe original scales of the OAV were shown to be multidimensional constructs. Eleven new lower order scales were constructed and demonstrated to have desirable psychometric properties. The new lower order scales are most likely better suited to assess drug induced ASC.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2010-08-30", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0012412", "pubmed_id": "20824211", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012412", "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Ketamine, Cluster Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Consciousness, Psychometrics, Models, Theoretical, Adult, Female, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20824211\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":693,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1599000561\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1772232960\",\"https://openalex.org/W1815596065\",\"https://openalex.org/W1931276471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963742443\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968895606\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973927342\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977182891\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988039343\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991272505\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993316528\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993482275\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998129912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003093175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003430572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005092827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006763260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007281417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016227990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018556571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026205082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030852069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040890982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041497016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043448843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044667945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047317044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049977188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050853365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051013715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051443446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059555383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062530052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070696184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081605480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086632549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088477804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094102654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095968500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106429109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108104166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109639789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117183956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118347730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123478340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132529332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133097426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140555278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140928149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141536144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144487201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145077328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149712351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169033715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2226660370\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242530628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2314867101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739511759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794276045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803692240\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021353408\",\"https://openalex.org/W3098349105\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121145460\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230668926\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233143201\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242489082\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638510884\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654181458\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661669549\",\"https://openalex.org/W6690195860\",\"https://openalex.org/W6751382112\",\"https://openalex.org/W7070833347\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034712307\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Studerus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0182\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071981428\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Gamma\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-6544\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012412\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Consciousness,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2075969679" }, { "id": 2629, "title": "The neurobiology of psychedelic drugs: implications for the treatment of mood disorders.", "normalized_title": "the neurobiology of psychedelic drugs implications for the treatment of mood disorders", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Kometer M.", "abstract": "After a pause of nearly 40 years in research into the effects of psychedelic drugs, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and ketamine have led to renewed interest in the clinical potential of psychedelics in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. Recent behavioural and neuroimaging data show that psychedelics modulate neural circuits that have been implicated in mood and affective disorders, and can reduce the clinical symptoms of these disorders. These findings raise the possibility that research into psychedelics might identify novel therapeutic mechanisms and approaches that are based on glutamate-driven neuroplasticity.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2010-08-17", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1038/nrn2884", "pubmed_id": "20717121", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2884", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Mood Disorders, Models, Neurological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20717121\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2647, "title": "GMP-compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]altanserin and human plasma metabolite studies.", "normalized_title": "gmp compliant radiosynthesis of 18f altanserin and human plasma metabolite studies", "authors": "Hasler F, Kuznetsova OF, Krasikova RN, Cservenyak T, Quednow BB, Vollenweider FX, Ametamey SM, Westera G.", "abstract": "[(18)F]altanserin is the preferred radiotracer for in-vivo labeling of serotonin 2A receptors by positron emission tomography (PET). We report a modified synthesis procedure suited for reliable production of multi-GBq amounts of [(18)F]altanserin useful for application in humans. We introduced thermal heating for drying of [(18)F]fluoride as well as for the reaction instead of microwave heating. We furthermore describe solid phase extraction and HPLC procedures for quantitative determination of [(18)F]altanserin and metabolites in plasma. The time course of arterial plasma activity with and without metabolite correction was determined. 90 min after bolus injection, 38.4% of total plasma activity derived from unchanged [(18)F]altanserin. Statistical comparison of kinetic profiles of [(18)F]altanserin metabolism in plasma samples collected in the course of two ongoing studies employing placebo, the serotonin releaser dexfenfluramine and the hallucinogen psilocybin, revealed the same tracer metabolism. We conclude that metabolite analysis for correction of individual plasma input functions used in tracer modeling is not necessary for [(18)F]altanserin studies involving psilocybin or dexfenfluramine treatment.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-12-23", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.12.007", "pubmed_id": "19162492", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.12.007", "keywords": "Humans, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Ketanserin, Positron-Emission Tomography, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Quality Control", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19162492\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2652, "title": "Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses.", "normalized_title": "serotonin research contributions to understanding psychoses", "authors": "Geyer MA, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The history of serotonin research is closely related to the study of hallucinogenic drugs that function as agonists at serotonin-2A receptors. The fundamental idea that psychotic states seen in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia might be attributable, in part, to abnormalities in serotonergic systems began with the almost simultaneous discovery of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and serotonin. Sixty years of study have confirmed early speculations regarding the important relationship between serotonin and both drug-induced and disorder-based psychotic states. Now, modern biochemical, pharmacological, behavioral, neuroimaging, genetic and molecular biological sciences are converging to understand how serotonergic systems interact with other monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems to modulate states of consciousness and contribute to psychotic disorders such as the group of schizophrenias. This review summarizes experimental assessments of the serotonergic hallucinogen model psychosis in relation to the serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-08-31", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006", "pubmed_id": "19086254", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Psychotic Disorders, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19086254\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2657, "title": "Effects of varied doses of psilocybin on time interval reproduction in human subjects.", "normalized_title": "effects of varied doses of psilocybin on time interval reproduction in human subjects", "authors": "Wackermann J, Wittmann M, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Action of a hallucinogenic substance, psilocybin, on internal time representation was investigated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Experiment 1 with 12 subjects and graded doses, and Experiment 2 with 9 subjects and a very low dose. The task consisted in repeated reproductions of time intervals in the range from 1.5 to 5s. The effects were assessed by parameter kappa of the 'dual klepsydra' model of internal time representation, fitted to individual response data and intra-individually normalized with respect to initial values. The estimates kappa were in the same order of magnitude as in earlier studies. In both experiments, kappa was significantly increased by psilocybin at 90 min from the drug intake, indicating a higher loss rate of the internal duration representation. These findings are tentatively linked to qualitative alterations of subjective time in altered states of consciousness.", "journal": "Neuroscience Letters", "publication_date": "2008-02-08", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.006", "pubmed_id": "18325673", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.006", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Consciousness Disorders, Hallucinogens, Mental Processes, Cognition, Time Perception, Judgment, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"18325673\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2144455058\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2144455058\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":95,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W82179537\",\"https://openalex.org/W642907293\",\"https://openalex.org/W1663605049\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970846337\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981097307\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019595384\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027665453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052669749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053462387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055284415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061304558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061341649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064734750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085362422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110198065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118591410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122965904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133244616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141746953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144078056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145483775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2175234088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033636301\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112031407\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W6603332657\",\"https://openalex.org/W6637350671\",\"https://openalex.org/W6645526814\",\"https://openalex.org/W6685507089\",\"https://openalex.org/W6688960819\",\"https://openalex.org/W6787168795\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082159986\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Wackermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5149-4248\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068213226\",\"display_name\":\"Marc Wittmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-7334\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S203050076\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.006\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Consciousness", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2144455058" }, { "id": 2664, "title": "Psilocybin links binocular rivalry switch rate to attention and subjective arousal levels in humans.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin links binocular rivalry switch rate to attention and subjective arousal levels in humans", "authors": "Carter OL, Hasler F, Pettigrew JD, Wallis GM, Liu GB, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "RationaleBinocular rivalry occurs when different images are simultaneously presented to each eye. During continual viewing of this stimulus, the observer will experience repeated switches between visual awareness of the two images. Previous studies have suggested that a slow rate of perceptual switching may be associated with clinical and drug-induced psychosis.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to explore the proposed relationship between binocular rivalry switch rate and subjective changes in psychological state associated with 5-HT2A receptor activation.Materials and methodsThis study used psilocybin, the hallucinogen found naturally in Psilocybe mushrooms that had previously been found to induce psychosis-like symptoms via the 5-HT2A receptor. The effects of psilocybin (215 microg/kg) were considered alone and after pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (50 mg) in ten healthy human subjects.ResultsPsilocybin significantly reduced the rate of binocular rivalry switching and increased the proportion of transitional/mixed percept experience. Pretreatment with ketanserin blocked the majority of psilocybin's \"positive\" psychosis-like hallucinogenic symptoms. However, ketanserin had no influence on either the psilocybin-induced slowing of binocular rivalry or the drug's \"negative-type symptoms\" associated with reduced arousal and vigilance.ConclusionsTogether, these findings link changes in binocular rivalry switching rate to subjective levels of arousal and attention. In addition, it suggests that psilocybin's effect on binocular rivalry is unlikely to be mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2007-09-13", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-007-0930-9", "pubmed_id": "17874073", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0930-9", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Hallucinogens, Drug Combinations, Double-Blind Method, Vision Disparity, Arousal, Attention, Vision, Binocular, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17874073\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":150,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3049811\",\"https://openalex.org/W173827618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1238819995\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603717513\",\"https://openalex.org/W1628460382\",\"https://openalex.org/W1828538530\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844018320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980769992\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990652280\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995160619\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001310902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002117922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003131878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007478842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009833265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012183985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021886395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025175823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027305485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039200237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042466519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042603095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044779961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054240764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058989554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059295576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069954052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077239925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100643723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104516271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138728119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140583928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146167184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146590513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151923230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159388110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162835000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170628837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2303708813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605602457\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238001977\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294214781\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043437185\",\"display_name\":\"Guy Wallis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079293769\",\"display_name\":\"Guang B. Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0930-9\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2104493382" }, { "id": 2668, "title": "The effects of the preferential 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on prepulse inhibition of startle in healthy human volunteers depend on interstimulus interval.", "normalized_title": "the effects of the preferential 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on prepulse inhibition of startle in healthy human volunteers depend on interstimulus interval", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Csomor PA, Knappe B, Geyer MA, Quednow BB.", "abstract": "Schizophrenia patients exhibit impairments in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response. Hallucinogenic 5-HT(2A) receptor agonists are used for animal models of schizophrenia because they mimic some symptoms of schizophrenia in humans and induce PPI deficits in animals. Nevertheless, one report indicates that the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist psilocybin increases PPI in healthy humans. Hence, we investigated these inconsistent results by assessing the dose-dependent effects of psilocybin on PPI in healthy humans. Sixteen subjects each received placebo or 115, 215, and 315 microg/kg of psilocybin at 4-week intervals in a randomized and counterbalanced order. PPI at 30-, 60-, 120-, 240-, and 2000-ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs) was measured 90 and 165 min after drug intake, coinciding with the peak and post-peak effects of psilocybin. The effects of psilocybin on psychopathological core dimensions and sustained attention were assessed by the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) and the Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR). Psilocybin dose-dependently reduced PPI at short (30 ms), had no effect at medium (60 ms), and increased PPI at long (120-2000 ms) ISIs, without affecting startle reactivity or habituation. Psilocybin dose-dependently impaired sustained attention and increased all 5D-ASC scores with exception of Auditory Alterations. Moreover, psilocybin-induced impairments in sustained attention performance were positively correlated with reduced PPI at the 30 ms ISI and not with the concomitant increases in PPI observed at long ISIs. These results confirm the psilocybin-induced increase in PPI at long ISIs and reveal that psilocybin also produces a decrease in PPI at short ISIs that is correlated with impaired attention and consistent with deficient PPI in schizophrenia.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2007-02-13", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1301324", "pubmed_id": "17299516", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301324", "keywords": "Humans, Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Attention, Psychological Tests, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Reflex, Startle, Psilocybin, Inhibition, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17299516\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":194,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W147972831\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1757694062\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968524760\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972895831\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974154075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984305433\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986772828\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990888488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992625143\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995127336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003430572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007011615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009823135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016884761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021275952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029277771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037386710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042676846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047187993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048405858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052578687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053006968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060884332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062437001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062957015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065086912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073113115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073845233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077604455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078297889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084395458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088475367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090855318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090979638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095232142\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096029767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097175416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097759310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103006441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123354702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126853995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129582923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131489415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140774335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148234967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150232387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242530628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2261854704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2271221126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396000083\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021847224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W6690195860\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036220169\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Csomor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078259313\",\"display_name\":\"Bernhard Knappe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071295954\",\"display_name\":\"Boris B. Quednow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-2865\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301324\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2115308878" }, { "id": 2674, "title": "Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans.", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans", "authors": "Wittmann M, Carter O, Hasler F, Cahn BR, Grimberg U, Spring P, Hell D, Flohr H, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Hallucinogenic psilocybin is known to alter the subjective experience of time. However, there is no study that systematically investigated objective measures of time perception under psilocybin. Therefore, we studied dose-dependent effects of the serotonin (5-HT)2A/1A receptor agonist psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) on temporal processing, employing tasks of temporal reproduction, sensorimotor synchronization and tapping tempo. To control for cognitive and subjective changes, we assessed spatial working memory and conscious experience. Twelve healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, medium (115 microg/kg), and high (250 microg/kg) dose conditions, in a double-blind experimental design. Psilocybin was found to significantly impair subjects' ability to (1) reproduce interval durations longer than 2.5 sec, (2) to synchronize to inter-beat intervals longer than 2 sec and (3) caused subjects to be slower in their preferred tapping rate. These objective effects on timing performance were accompanied by working-memory deficits and subjective changes in conscious state, namely increased reports of 'depersonalization' and 'derealization' phenomena including disturbances in subjective 'time sense.' Our study is the first to systematically assess the impact of psilocybin on timing performance on standardized measures of temporal processing. Results indicate that the serotonin system is selectively involved in duration processing of intervals longer than 2 to 3 seconds and in the voluntary control of the speed of movement. We speculate that psilocybin's selective disruption of longer intervals is likely to be a product of interactions with cognitive dimensions of temporal processing -presumably via 5-HT2A receptor stimulation.", "journal": "Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)", "publication_date": "2006-05-18", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881106065859", "keywords": "Humans, Dopamine Agonists, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Depersonalization, Memory, Space Perception, Time Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Periodicity, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Reference Values, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16714323\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3088435629\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3088435629\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068213226\",\"display_name\":\"Marc Wittmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-7334\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018321179\",\"display_name\":\"B. Rael Cahn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-0647\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015252123\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrike Grimberg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078493423\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Spring\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-2255\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083967444\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Hell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055147833\",\"display_name\":\"H. Flohr\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402388\",\"source_display_name\":\"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)\",\"landing_page_url\":null,\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3088435629" }, { "id": 2689, "title": "Using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention, working memory, and the serotonin 1A and 2A receptors.", "normalized_title": "using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention working memory and the serotonin 1a and 2a receptors", "authors": "Carter OL, Burr DC, Pettigrew JD, Wallis GM, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests a link between attention, working memory, serotonin (5-HT), and prefrontal cortex activity. In an attempt to tease out the relationship between these elements, this study tested the effects of the hallucinogenic mixed 5-HT1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin alone and after pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin. Eight healthy human volunteers were tested on a multiple-object tracking task and spatial working memory task under the four conditions: placebo, psilocybin (215 microg/kg), ketanserin (50 mg), and psilocybin and ketanserin. Psilocybin significantly reduced attentional tracking ability, but had no significant effect on spatial working memory, suggesting a functional dissociation between the two tasks. Pretreatment with ketanserin did not attenuate the effect of psilocybin on attentional performance, suggesting a primary involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in the observed deficit. Based on physiological and pharmacological data, we speculate that this impaired attentional performance may reflect a reduced ability to suppress or ignore distracting stimuli rather than reduced attentional capacity. The clinical relevance of these results is also discussed.", "journal": "Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2005-09-30", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1162/089892905774597191", "pubmed_id": "16269092", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/089892905774597191", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Chi-Square Distribution, Double-Blind Method, Memory, Short-Term, Space Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Attention, Reaction Time, Drug Interactions, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16269092\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":235,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1532044842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1545592082\",\"https://openalex.org/W1570604963\",\"https://openalex.org/W1635746382\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844018320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1883094066\",\"https://openalex.org/W1926876413\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965424617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977344402\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977947329\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981721865\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983329325\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984470666\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994186616\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001310902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003682148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012133058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012521891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015634454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015987438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017108196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028488819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031650972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034285947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039200237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044779961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046187238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047587201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054240764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056101986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057400117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070700085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072617762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074051209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077604455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079422629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082010356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082661928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088085131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096029767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099465227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101060374\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106131177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116420093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118615399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121449541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131744263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139463224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143532311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160742924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162385239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2193634633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798547356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798565539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212985106\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214728203\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245953326\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294214781\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003663764\",\"display_name\":\"David C. Burr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-8832\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043437185\",\"display_name\":\"Guy Wallis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S123144817\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1162/089892905774597191\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2042593075" }, { "id": 2692, "title": "Modulating the rate and rhythmicity of perceptual rivalry alternations with the mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A agonist psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "modulating the rate and rhythmicity of perceptual rivalry alternations with the mixed 5 ht2a and 5 ht1a agonist psilocybin", "authors": "Carter OL, Pettigrew JD, Hasler F, Wallis GM, Liu GB, Hell D, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Binocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented simultaneously to corresponding points within the left and right eyes. Under these conditions, the observer's perception will alternate between the two perceptual alternatives. Motivated by the reported link between the rate of perceptual alternations, symptoms of psychosis and an incidental observation that the rhythmicity of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry was greatly increased 10 h after the consumption of LSD, this study aimed to investigate the pharmacology underlying binocular rivalry and to explore the connection between the timing of perceptual switching and psychosis. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, PY) was chosen for the study because, like LSD, it is known to act as an agonist at serotonin (5-HT)1A and 5-HT2A receptors and to produce an altered state sometimes marked by psychosis-like symptoms. A total of 12 healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, low-dose (115 microg/kg) and high-dose (250 microg/kg) PY conditions. In line with predictions, under both low- and high-dose conditions, the results show that at 90 min postadministration (the peak of drug action), rate and rhythmicity of perceptual alternations were significantly reduced from placebo levels. Following the 90 min testing period, the perceptual switch rate successively increased, with some individuals showing increases well beyond pretest levels at the final testing, 360 min postadministration. However, as some subjects had still not returned to pretest levels by this time, the mean phase duration at 360 min was not found to differ significantly from placebo. Reflecting the drug-induced changes in rivalry phase durations, subjects showed clear changes in psychological state as indexed by the 5D-ASC (altered states of consciousness) rating scales. This study suggests the involvement of serotonergic pathways in binocular rivalry and supports the previously proposed role of a brainstem oscillator in perceptual rivalry alternations and symptoms of psychosis.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2005-05-31", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1300621", "pubmed_id": "15688092", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300621", "keywords": "Brain Stem, Raphe Nuclei, Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Affect, Consciousness, Memory, Short-Term, Perception, Visual Perception, Vision, Binocular, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Functional Laterality, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"15688092\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2124858522" }, { "id": 2698, "title": "Psilocybin impairs high-level but not low-level motion perception.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin impairs high level but not low level motion perception", "authors": "Carter OL, Pettigrew JD, Burr DC, Alais D, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The hallucinogenic serotonin(1A&2A) agonist psilocybin is known for its ability to induce illusions of motion in otherwise stationary objects or textured surfaces. This study investigated the effect of psilocybin on local and global motion processing in nine human volunteers. Using a forced choice direction of motion discrimination task we show that psilocybin selectively impairs coherence sensitivity for random dot patterns, likely mediated by high-level global motion detectors, but not contrast sensitivity for drifting gratings, believed to be mediated by low-level detectors. These results are in line with those observed within schizophrenic populations and are discussed in respect to the proposition that psilocybin may provide a model to investigate clinical psychosis and the pharmacological underpinnings of visual perception in normal populations.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2004-07-31", "publication_year": 2004, "doi": "10.1097/00001756-200408260-00023", "pubmed_id": "15305143", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200408260-00023", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Photic Stimulation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Motion Perception, Contrast Sensitivity, Choice Behavior, Psychophysics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"15305143\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2096610047" }, { "id": 2703, "title": "Acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-effect study.", "normalized_title": "acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans a double blind placebo controlled dose effect study", "authors": "Hasler F, Grimberg U, Benz MA, Huber T, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "RationaleSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors play an important role in perception, affect regulation and attention. Pharmacological challenge with the 5-HT(2A) agonist psilocybin (PY) is useful in studying the neurobiological basis of cognition and consciousness.ObjectiveInvestigation of dose-dependent effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical and physiological parameters.MethodsEight subjects received placebo (PL), and 45 (\"very low dose, VLD\"), 115 (\"low dose, LD\"), 215 (\"medium dose, MD\"), and 315 (\"high dose, HD\") microg/kg body weight PY. The \"Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale\" (5D-ASC), the \"Frankfurt Attention Inventory\" (FAIR), and the \"Adjective Mood Rating Scale\" (AMRS) were used to assess the effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical core dimensions, attention, and mood. A24-h electrocardiogram (EKG) was recorded and blood pressure was measured. Plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and standard clinical chemical parameters were determined.ResultsPY dose dependently increased scores of all 5D-ASC core dimensions. Only one subject reacted with transient anxiety to HD PY. Compared with PL, MD and HD PY led to a 50% reduction of performance in the FAIR test. \"General inactivation\", \"emotional excitability\", and \"dreaminess\" were the only domains of the AMRS showing increased scores following MD and HD PY. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was moderately elevated only 60 min following administration of HD PY. Neither EKG nor body temperature was affected by any dose of PY. TSH, ACTH, and CORT plasma levels were elevated during peak effects of HD PY, whereas PRL plasma levels were increased following MD and HD PY.ConclusionPY affects core dimensions of altered states of consciousness and physiological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Our study provided no cause for concern that PY is hazardous with respect to somatic health.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2003-11-12", "publication_year": 2003, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-003-1640-6", "pubmed_id": "14615876", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1640-6", "keywords": "Humans, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Affect, Attention, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"14615876\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2096626991" }, { "id": 2709, "title": "[Hallucinogens, amphetamines and entactogens].", "normalized_title": "hallucinogens amphetamines and entactogens", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen MF.", "abstract": "MDMA (\"Ecstasy\") and its analogues such as MDE and MDA are amphetamine derivatives reported to produce an altered state with emotional overtones. Since more than ten years, ecstasy is after cannabis the most frequently used recreational drug by young adults, particularly in the so-called techno-scene. However, according to a recent survey there is an increasing trend for a revival of classic amphetamine and hallucinogen abuse, possibly due to the concern about the potential neurotoxicity and somatic risks associated with ecstasy use. Of the hallucinogens consumed, psilocybin containing mushroom (\"magic mushrooms\"), but also LSD are at the forefront. The present contribution summarizes the psychological and somatic effects of hallucinogens, amphetamines, and entactogens.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2003-05-31", "publication_year": 2003, "doi": "10.1024/0040-5930.60.6.323", "pubmed_id": "12848067", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.60.6.323", "keywords": "Humans, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Amphetamines, Hallucinogens, Cross-Sectional Studies, Structure-Activity Relationship, Switzerland", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"12848067\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2145879190" }, { "id": 2713, "title": "Effects of the 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on mismatch negativity generation and AX-continuous performance task: implications for the neuropharmacology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.", "normalized_title": "effects of the 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on mismatch negativity generation and ax continuous performance task implications for the neuropharmacology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia", "authors": "Umbricht D, Vollenweider FX, Schmid L, Grübel C, Skrabo A, Huber T, Koller R.", "abstract": "Previously the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine was shown to disrupt generation of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) mismatch negativity (MMN) and the performance of an 'AX'-type continuous performance test (AX-CPT)--measures of auditory and visual context-dependent information processing--in a similar manner as observed in schizophrenia. This placebo-controlled study investigated effects of the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist psilocybin on the same measures in 18 healthy volunteers. Psilocybin administration induced significant performance deficits in the AX-CPT, but failed to reduce MMN generation significantly. These results indirectly support evidence that deficient MMN generation in schizophrenia may be a relatively distinct manifestation of deficient NMDAR functioning. In contrast, secondary pharmacological effects shared by NMDAR antagonists and the 5-HT(2A) agonist (ie disruption of glutamatergic neurotransmission) may be the mechanism underlying impairments in AX-CPT performance observed during both psilocybin and ketamine administration. Comparable deficits in schizophrenia may result from independent dysfunctions of 5-HT(2A) and NMDAR-related neurotransmission.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-12-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1300005", "pubmed_id": "12496954", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300005", "keywords": "Humans, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Electroencephalography, Orientation, Psychomotor Performance, Cognition Disorders, Schizophrenic Psychology, Evoked Potentials, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"12496954\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2047427656" }, { "id": 2717, "title": "Renal excretion profiles of psilocin following oral administration of psilocybin: a controlled study in man.", "normalized_title": "renal excretion profiles of psilocin following oral administration of psilocybin a controlled study in man", "authors": "Hasler F, Bourquin D, Brenneisen R, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "In a clinical study eight volunteers received psilocybin (PY) in psychoactive oral doses of 212+/-25 microg/kg body weight. To investigate the elimination kinetics of psilocin (PI), the first metabolite of PY, urine was collected for 24 h and PI concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching and electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Sample workup included protection of the unstable PI with ascorbic acid, freeze-drying, and extraction with methanol. Peak PI concentrations up to 870 microg/l were measured in urine samples from the 2-4 h collection interval. The PI excretion rate in this period was 55.5+/-33.8 microg/h. The limit of quantitation (10 microg/L) was usually reached 24 h after drug administration. Within 24 h, 3.4+/-0.9% of the applied dose of PY was excreted as free PI. Addition of beta-glucuronidase to urine samples and incubation for 5 h at 40 degrees C led to twofold higher PI concentrations, although 18+/-7% of the amount of unconjugated PI was decomposed during incubation. We conclude that in humans PI is partially excreted as PI-O-glucuronide and that enzymatic hydrolysis extends the time of detectability for PI in urine samples.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-08-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00278-9", "pubmed_id": "12191719", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00278-9", "keywords": "Humans, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Administration, Oral, Affect, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"12191719\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "General", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2074371541" }, { "id": 2722, "title": "Mismatch negativity predicts psychotic experiences induced by NMDA receptor antagonist in healthy volunteers.", "normalized_title": "mismatch negativity predicts psychotic experiences induced by nmda receptor antagonist in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Umbricht D, Koller R, Vollenweider FX, Schmid L.", "abstract": "BackgroundPrevious studies indicate that mismatch negativity (MMN)-a preattentive auditory event-related potential (ERP)-depends on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functioning. To explore if the strength of MMN generation reflects the functional condition of the NMDAR system in healthy volunteers, we analyzed correlations between MMN recorded before drug administration and subsequent responses to the NMDAR antagonist ketamine or the 5-HT2a agonist psilocybin.MethodsIn two separate studies, MMN was recorded to both frequency and duration deviants prior to administration of ketamine or psilocybin. Behavioral and subjective effects of ketamine and psilocybin were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the OAV Scale-a rating scale developed to measure altered states of consciousness. Correlations between ERP amplitudes (MMN, N1, and P2) and drug-induced effects were calculated in each study group and compared between them.ResultsSmaller MMN to both pitch and duration deviants was significantly correlated to stronger effects during ketamine, but not psilocybin administration. No significant correlations were observed for N1 and P2.ConclusionsSmaller MMN indicates a NMDAR system that is more vulnerable to disruption by the NMDAR antagonist ketamine. MMN generation appears to index the functional state of NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission even in subjects who do not demonstrate any psychopathology.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-02-28", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01242-2", "pubmed_id": "11904134", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01242-2", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Ketamine, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Electroencephalography, Administration, Oral, Infusions, Intravenous, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Contingent Negative Variation, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11904134\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1973927342" }, { "id": 2726, "title": "Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens.", "normalized_title": "brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens", "authors": "Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "This review focuses on recent brain imaging and behavioral studies of sensory gating functions, which assess similarities between the effects of classic hallucinogens (eg, psilocybin), dissociative anesthetics (eg, ketamine), and entactogens (eg, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in humans. Serotonergic hallucinogens and psychotomimetic anesthetics produce overlapping psychotic syndromes associated with a marked activation of the prefrontal cortex (hyperfrontality) and other overlapping changes in temporoparietal, striatal, and thalamic regions, suggesting that both classes of drugs act upon a common final pathway. Together with the observation that both hallucinogens and N-methyl-oaspartate (NMDA) antagonists disrupt sensory gating in rats by acting on 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 5-HT(2) receptors located in cortico-striato-thalamic circuitry these findings suggest that disruption of cortico-subcortical processing leading to sensory overload of the cortex is a communality of these psychoses. In contrast to hallucinogens, the entactogen MDMA produces an emotional state of positive mood, concomitant with an activation of prefrontolimbiclparalimbic structures and a deactivation of amygdala and thalamus.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2001-11-30", "publication_year": 2001, "doi": "10.31887/dcns.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider", "pubmed_id": "22033605", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22033605\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W22529605" }, { "id": 2727, "title": "A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses.", "normalized_title": "a systems model of altered consciousness integrating natural and drug induced psychoses", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Geyer MA.", "abstract": "Increasing evidence from neuroimaging and behavioral studies suggests that functional disturbances within cortico-striato-thalamic pathways are critical to psychotic symptom formation in drug-induced and possibly also naturally occurring psychoses. Recent basic and clinical research with psychotomimetic drugs, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, and the serotonin-2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor agonist, psilocybin, suggest that the hallucinogenic effects of these drugs arise, at least in part, from their common capacity to disrupt thalamo-cortical gating of external and internal information to the cortex. Deficient gating of sensory and cognitive information is thought to result in an overloading inundation of information and subsequent cognitive fragmentation and psychosis. Cross-species studies of homologues gating functions, such as prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, in animal and human models of psychosis corroborate this view and provide a translational testing mechanism for the exploration of novel pathophysiologic and therapeutic hypotheses relevant to psychotic disorders, such as the group of schizophrenias.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2001-10-31", "publication_year": 2001, "doi": "10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00646-3", "pubmed_id": "11750795", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00646-3", "keywords": "Brain, Neural Pathways, Animals, Humans, Consciousness Disorders, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Hallucinogens, Schizophrenia, Models, Neurological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11750795\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2750, "title": "5-HT modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin-induced psychosis in man--a PET study with [11C]raclopride.", "normalized_title": "5 ht modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin induced psychosis in man a pet study with 11c raclopride", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Vontobel P, Hell D, Leenders KL.", "abstract": "The modulating effects of serotonin on dopamine neurotransmission are not well understood, particularly in acute psychotic states. Positron emission tomography was used to examine the effect of psilocybin on the in vivo binding of [11C]raclopride to D2-dopamine receptors in the striatum in healthy volunteers after placebo and a psychotomimetic dose of psilocybin (n = 7). Psilocybin is a potent indoleamine hallucinogen and a mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Psilocybin administration (0.25 mg/kg p.o.) produced changes in mood, disturbances in thinking, illusions, elementary and complex visual hallucinations and impaired ego-functioning. Psilocybin significantly decreased [11C]raclopride receptor binding potential (BP) bilaterally in the caudate nucleus (19%) and putamen (20%) consistent with an increase in endogenous dopamine. Changes in [11C]raclopride BP in the ventral striatum correlated with depersonalization associated with euphoria. Together with previous reports of 5-HT receptor involvement in striatal dopamine release, it is concluded that stimulation of both 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors may be important for the modulation of striatal dopamine release in acute psychoses. The present results indirectly support the hypothesis of a serotonin-dopamine dysbalance in schizophrenia and suggest that psilocybin is a valuable tool in the analysis of serotonin-dopamine interactions in acute psychotic states.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1999-04-30", "publication_year": 1999, "doi": "10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00108-0", "pubmed_id": "10192823", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00108-0", "keywords": "Basal Ganglia, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Raclopride, Salicylamides, Dopamine, Serotonin, Dopamine Antagonists, Antipsychotic Agents, Hallucinogens, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Psychometrics, Adult, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"10192823\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1986425243" }, { "id": 2753, "title": "Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces schizophrenia like psychosis in humans via a serotonin 2 agonist action", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen MF, Bäbler A, Vogel H, Hell D.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, an indoleamine hallucinogen, produces a psychosis-like syndrome in humans that resembles first episodes of schizophrenia. In healthy human volunteers, the psychotomimetic effects of psilocybin were blocked dose-dependently by the serotonin-2A antagonist ketanserin or the atypical antipsychotic risperidone, but were increased by the dopamine antagonist and typical antipsychotic haloperidol. These data are consistent with animal studies and provide the first evidence in humans that psilocybin-induced psychosis is due to serotonin-2A receptor activation, independently of dopamine stimulation. Thus, serotonin-2A overactivity may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and serotonin-2A antagonism may contribute to therapeutic effects of antipsychotics.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1998-11-30", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": "10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024", "pubmed_id": "9875725", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Neuropsychological Tests, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Reference Values, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9875725\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1997058647" }, { "id": 2759, "title": "Advances and pathophysiological models of hallucinogenic drug actions in humans: a preamble to schizophrenia research.", "normalized_title": "advances and pathophysiological models of hallucinogenic drug actions in humans a preamble to schizophrenia research", "authors": "Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Recent research into the pharmacological mechanism of hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin) and dissociative anesthetics (PCP, ketamine) suggest that multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in drug-induced and possibly also in naturally occurring psychoses. Specifically, animal models suggest that a dysbalance between serotonin, glutamate, and dopamine in the limbic cortico-striato-thalamic circuitry may be critical to psychotic symptom formation. To test this hypothesis, psychometric measures and metabolic PET investigations were performed (1) with FDG to elucidate the common neuronal substrates of different hallucinogens, (2) with specific receptor ligands before and after pretreatment with specific receptor antagonists to explore the putative interactions of hallucinogens with various neurotransmitter systems. Our data demonstrate that the neuronal substrate of normal and abnormal thought and behavior is associated with a distributed neuronal network and with multiple interactive neurotransmitter systems. The data also support the view that the hallucinogen challenge paradigm constitutes a powerful tool for elucidating the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1998-06-30", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": "10.1055/s-2007-979353", "pubmed_id": "9754840", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-979353", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Dopamine, Serotonin, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Glutamic Acid, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Hallucinogens, Consciousness, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9754840\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2094, "title": "Determination of psilocin and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in plasma by HPLC-ECD and pharmacokinetic profiles of oral and intravenous psilocybin in man.", "normalized_title": "determination of psilocin and 4 hydroxyindole 3 acetic acid in plasma by hplc ecd and pharmacokinetic profiles of oral and intravenous psilocybin in man", "authors": "Hasler F, Bourquin D, Brenneisen R, Bär T, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "In order to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of psilocybin (PY), the main psychoactive compound of Psilocybe mushrooms, high performance liquid chromatographic procedures with column-switching coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) for reliable quantitative determination of the PY metabolites psilocin (PI) and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4HIAA) in human plasma were established. Sample work-up includes protection of the highly unstable phenolic analytes with ascorbic acid, freeze-drying and in-vitro microdialysis. The data of two controlled clinical studies with healthy volunteers are presented. The subjects (N = 6 for both studies) received single oral PY doses of 0.224 +/- 0.02 mg/kg b.wt. (10-20 mg) and intravenous doses of 1 mg PY, respectively. Peak plasma levels of PI after oral administration of PY were measured after 105 +/- 37 min showing an average concentration of 8.2 +/- 2.8 ng PI/ml plasma. 4HIAA peak concentrations of 150 +/- 61 ng/ml plasma were found 113 +/- 41 min after ingestion of PY. After intravenous administration, a mean PI maximum plasma concentration of 12.9 +/- 5.6 ng/ml plasma was found 1.9 +/- 1.0 min after injection. The maximum plasma levels appearing within a very short period indicate a rapid dephosphorylation of PY also when administered systemically. 4HIAA was not detected after 1 mg of intravenous PY. Estimates for the absolute bioavailability of PI after oral administration of PY were 52.7 +/- 20% (N = 3).", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1997-05-31", "publication_year": 1997, "doi": "10.1016/s0031-6865(97)00014-9", "pubmed_id": "9204776", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-6865(97)00014-9", "keywords": "Humans, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Hallucinogens, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Administration, Oral, Injections, Intravenous, Electrochemistry, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9204776\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2059976461" }, { "id": 2764, "title": "Positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose studies of metabolic hyperfrontality and psychopathology in the psilocybin model of psychosis.", "normalized_title": "positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose studies of metabolic hyperfrontality and psychopathology in the psilocybin model of psychosis", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Leenders KL, Scharfetter C, Maguire P, Stadelmann O, Angst J.", "abstract": "The effects of the indolehallucinogen psilocybin, a mixed 5-HT2 and 5-HT1 agonist, on regional cerebral glucose metabolism were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers with PET and [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) prior to and following a 15- or 20-mg dose of psilocybin. Psychotomimetic doses of psilocybin were found to produce a global increase in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglu) with significant and most marked increases in the frontomedial and frontolateral cortex (24.3%), anterior cingulate (24.9%), and temporomedial cortex (25.3%). Somewhat smaller increases of CMRglu were found in the basal ganglia (18.5%), and the smallest increases were found in the sensorimotor (14.7%) and occipital cortex (14.4%). The increases of CMRglu in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, temporomedial cortex, and putamen correlated positively with psychotic symptom formation, in particular with hallucinatory ego disintegration. The present data suggest that excessive 5-HT2 receptor activation results in a hyperfrontal metablic pattern that parallels comparable metabolic findings associated with acute psychotic episodes in chronic schizophrenics and contrasts with the hypofrontality in chronic schizophrenic patients.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1997-04-30", "publication_year": 1997, "doi": "10.1016/s0893-133x(96)00246-1", "pubmed_id": "9109107", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(96)00246-1", "keywords": "Brain, Basal Ganglia, Frontal Lobe, Animals, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Radioactive Tracers, Deoxyglucose, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Hallucinogens, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Psychological Tests, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9109107\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2048509938" } ] }