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    "meta": {
        "tracker_site_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com",
        "publication_tracker_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com/",
        "generated_at_utc": "2026-07-05 11:58:55",
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        {
            "id": 24,
            "title": "Psilocybin reduces fear memory and restores neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces fear memory and restores neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex",
            "authors": "Du Y, Zhao X, Yao Y, Li Y, Wang G, Zhang L.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder are often comorbid in humans. Psilocybin reportedly has beneficial therapeutic effects on depression, possibly by promoting neuroplasticity. PTSD is associated with the dysregulation of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We hypothesized that psilocybin might reduce fear memory by promoting neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and mPFC.AimsWe investigated the effects of psilocybin on fear memory and explored its underlying mechanisms. We generated a mouse model of PTSD via auditory-cued fear conditioning and treated the mice with either vehicle or psilocybin (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on day 0. Fear memory was assessed by the percentage of freezing time in response to conditioned stimuli. Fear memory tests were conducted on days 1, 6, and 7, after which the mice were sacrificed. To investigate the role of neuroplasticity in mediating the effects of psilocybin on fear memory, we assessed structural neuroplasticity and neuroplasticity-associated marker protein levels in the hippocampus and mPFC 7 days after a single dose of psilocybin.ResultsPsilocybin reduced the cue-induced fear response on days 1, 6, and 7. Psilocybin ameliorated the fear conditioning-induced decreases in neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and mPFC. Through Golgi-Cox staining, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining, we found that psilocybin increased dendritic branches and spine density, upregulated GluR1 and synapsin-1, enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and promoted neurogenesis.ConclusionsA single dose of psilocybin reduces both the rapid and sustained fear memory in mice, at least in part by restoring neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and mPFC. These findings indicate that psilocybin has significant potential for use in the treatment of PTSD and other mental disorders characterized by fear memory.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2026-06-27",
            "publication_year": 2026,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811261453819",
            "pubmed_id": "42365496",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261453819",
            "keywords": "",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-05 01:20:22",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Mechanism of Action,Biomarkers,Animal Study",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
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        {
            "id": 34,
            "title": "Blocking 5-HT2B receptors abolishes psilocybin’s efficacy in the rat forced swim test",
            "normalized_title": "blocking 5 ht2b receptors abolishes psilocybin s efficacy in the rat forced swim test",
            "authors": "Lenka Seillier, Alexandre Seillier, Morgan A. Zvolska, Romana Šlamberová",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders worldwide. First-line treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have significant limitations, including delayed onset of therapeutic effects and treatment resistance in about 30% of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that acute administration of serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, produces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects, including in treatment-resistant patients. However, it remains unknown which specific 5-HT receptor subtype mediates psilocybin's antidepressant activity. METHODS: We examined in Wistar rats whether pretreatment with the 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR) antagonist RS-127445 (0.32, 1.0, or 3.2 mg/kg) blocked the rapid (day 1) and sustained (day 21) behavioral effects of a single psilocybin administration (0.32 mg/kg) in the forced swim test (FST), a test with predictive validity for antidepressant efficacy. We also measured the impact of RS-127445 on psilocybin-induced head-twitch response (HTR), a behavioral proxy in rodents for psychedelic properties. RESULTS: Our data showed that psilocybin produced both a rapid and sustained decrease in immobility and an increase in climbing behavior in the FST and significantly increased HTR counts. Although RS-127445 did not affect HTR counts at any tested dose, it dose-dependently reversed both the rapid and sustained psilocybin-induced reductions in immobility and increases in climbing behavior. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that 5-HT2BRs are required for psilocybin's behavioral effects in the FST, but are not required for its HTR. The results add to evidence that psilocybin's predictive validity in the FST can be dissociated from its 5-HT2A-mediated psychedelic effects.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2026-06-22",
            "publication_year": 2026,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811261458349",
            "pubmed_id": "42334341",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261458349",
            "keywords": "Behavioural despair test, Serotonergic, Antidepressant, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Antagonist, Tricyclic antidepressant, Serotonin, Psychology, Reuptake inhibitor, Imipramine, Receptor antagonist, Receptor, 5-HT receptor, Internal medicine, Major depressive disorder, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Agonist, Endocrinology, Medicine, Anxiogenic, Pindolol, 5-HT1A receptor, Reuptake, Hallucinogen, Mechanism of action, Neurotransmitter, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
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        {
            "id": 92,
            "title": "Effects of psilocybin on sleep quality and brain microstructure in chronic cluster headache",
            "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on sleep quality and brain microstructure in chronic cluster headache",
            "authors": "Kristoffer Brendstrup-Brix, Brice Ozenne, Patrick M. Fisher, Dea S. Stenbæk, Anja S. Petersen, Sophia Armand, Drummond E-Wen. McCulloch, Maja Rou Marstrand-Joergensen, Sara M. Ulv Larsen, Annette Johansen, R O B V Jensen, Gitte M. Knudsen, M.K. Madsen",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic cluster headache (CCH) suffer from poor sleep, which may impact their brain microstructure and parenchymal clearance of waste products. Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of CCH and has been linked to increased neuroplasticity with possible influences on brain microstructure. AIMS: To investigate the effects of psilocybin on sleep, brain water diffusivity, and microstructure in CCH. METHODS: Eleven CCH patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRI and subjective sleep quality assessment with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and 1 week after three psilocybin administrations (0.14 mg/kg) spaced 1 week apart. Measures taken prior to intervention were also compared to 24 healthy controls, and subjective sleep quality was related to brain microstructure and diffusivity across groups. RESULTS: = 0.015). When analyzing brain microstructure and water diffusivity in conjunction, we found differences between CCH patients and controls, which were primarily driven by differences in grey matter. On average, psilocybin intervention in CCH patients was not associated with statistically significant changes in brain microstructure or water diffusivity. However, most patients exhibited lower white matter diffusivity and neurite volume after intervention. Subjective sleep quality showed borderline significant correlations of moderate effect size with brain microstructure and water diffusivity. CONCLUSION: Subjective sleep quality improved in CCH patients after psilocybin and showed some evidence of an association with measures of brain microstructure and water diffusivity. CLINICALTRIALS: gov identifiers:Prophylactic Effects of Psilocybin on Chronic Cluster Headache (EPOCH; NCT04280055) and The Neurobiological Effect of 5-HT2AR Modulation (NeuroPharm2; NCT03289949).",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2026-05-28",
            "publication_year": 2026,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811261449380",
            "pubmed_id": "42212900",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261449380",
            "keywords": "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psilocybin, Grey matter, Medicine, Anesthesia, Psychology, White matter, Sleep (system call), Internal medicine, Sleep quality, Crossover study, Cluster headache, Sleep disorder, Quality of life (healthcare), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Migraine and Headache Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31",
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            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology",
            "study_type": "Other",
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        {
            "id": 134,
            "title": "A randomized clinical trial of repeated doses of psilocybin for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder",
            "normalized_title": "a randomized clinical trial of repeated doses of psilocybin for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder",
            "authors": "Francisco A. Moreno, Katja Ehrmann Allen, Christopher B. Wiegand, Rajan Dunne, James I. Prickett, Brian Bayze, John J. B. Allen",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Current treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are often insufficient. Psilocybin, a 5HT2a agonist psychedelic, has shown promise for treating OCD, but rigorous evidence is still needed. AIMS: This randomized clinical trial evaluated safety, tolerability, and benefit of multiple psilocybin doses in OCD patients. METHODS: = 5 per condition), followed by four additional high-dose sessions (single-blind Phase 2). OCD severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) following each session, and prospectively for 6 months. Safety was evaluated via adverse event systematic assessment, suicide severity rating, and psychosis screening. RESULTS: Psilocybin was generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events, or psychotic symptoms, and no significant changes in suicide severity scores. Psilocybin but not placebo significantly reduced YBOCS scores. At the end of 8-week treatment, after participants had received at least four high doses of psilocybin, 73.3% were responders (⩾35% reduction in YBOCS scores), with 40% in remission. These effects diminished but remained substantial at 6 months. Post hoc analysis of cumulative dosing correlated with YBOCS score reductions at the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of up to eight doses of psilocybin in a clinical research setting appears to be safe and potentially effective for patients with OCD. Larger trials are needed to further support efficacy and refine treatment protocols. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03300947.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2026-03-12",
            "publication_year": 2026,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811261424214",
            "pubmed_id": "41825921",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261424214",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Randomized controlled trial, Adverse effect, Placebo, Medicine, Psychosis, Clinical trial, Reuptake inhibitor, Fluoxetine, Dosing, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Severity of illness, Internal medicine, Rating scale, Anxiety disorder, Obsessive compulsive, Agonist, Post-hoc analysis, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Crossover study, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135170485\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135170485\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006001020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087854982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108696783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138204170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148083007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306891185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792086414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902990194\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3172784626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214305299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385954214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391286658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393359395\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394566107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411969620\",\"https://openalex.org/W7113899315\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Francisco A. Moreno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0700-6508\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104303567\",\"display_name\":\"Katja Ehrmann Allen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005073454\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher B. Wiegand\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109080350\",\"display_name\":\"Rajan Dunne\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023032729\",\"display_name\":\"James I. Prickett\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129046947\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Bayze\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"John J. B. Allen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3417-6720\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261424214\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Anxiety,OCD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135170485"
        },
        {
            "id": 267,
            "title": "Effects of LSD, DMT and psilocybin on cognitive and psychological functions: A systematic review of the literature",
            "normalized_title": "effects of lsd dmt and psilocybin on cognitive and psychological functions a systematic review of the literature",
            "authors": "Marten Kase, Kristjan Kaup, Jaan Aru",
            "abstract": "We carried out a systematic review of modern-era (1990-2025) placebo-controlled studies assessing the acute and post-acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide, dimethyltryptamine and psilocybin on cognitive and psychological functions. From February 28 to March 19, 2025, PubMed and APA PsychINFO were systematically searched for placebo-controlled studies examining the influence of psychedelics on empathy, reaction time, attention, inhibition, emotional processing, memory, cognitive flexibility, and related cognitive functions using experimental methods. Additional searches were done in Google Scholar. The systematic review included 32 studies. Psychedelics tended to enhance emotional empathy but had no effect on cognitive empathy. Psychedelics impaired, enhanced or had no effect on memory depending on the task and timing of the assessment. Dose-dependent impairments were seen in many of the reaction time, attention, and inhibition tasks, although some studies found no effects. Some studies found impaired recognition of negative stimuli under the acute effects of psychedelics. The findings regarding cognitive flexibility were mixed. Many studies had small samples, and it is hard to find a reliable placebo due to psychedelics' unique subjective effects. Future studies should use bigger samples and also study more longitudinal effects of psychedelics on cognitive and psychological functions.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2026-02-15",
            "publication_year": 2026,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251412012",
            "pubmed_id": "41699449",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251412012",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Cognition, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Empathy, Clinical psychology, Dissociative, Placebo, Flexibility (engineering), Cognitive flexibility, Cognitive psychology, MEDLINE, Psychotherapist, Lysergic acid, Task (project management), Subliminal stimuli, Cognitive neuroscience, Elementary cognitive task, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32",
            "raw_json": 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Kase\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5118857368\",\"display_name\":\"Kristjan Kaup\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6126-6822\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087072092\",\"display_name\":\"Jaan Aru\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3927-452X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251412012\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Emotional Processing,Systematic Review,Review Article,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Systematic Review",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7129773189"
        },
        {
            "id": 139,
            "title": "Effects of psilocybin on personality, psychiatric symptoms, and values: Exploring mediating effects of the acute psychedelic experience",
            "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on personality psychiatric symptoms and values exploring mediating effects of the acute psychedelic experience",
            "authors": "Jess Kerr-Gaffney, Samuel Myrtle, Famia Askari, Catherine Bird, Nadav Liam Modlin, Allan H. Young, James Rucker",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Changes in well-being, personality, and personal values have been documented post-psilocybin; however, evidence from placebo-controlled trials is limited. AIMS: To examine the effects of psilocybin versus placebo on psychiatric symptoms, personality, and personal values in healthy participants. Potential mediators were also explored. METHODS: = 29) in 89 healthy participants. Effects of psilocybin on personality (Neo Five-Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI), psychiatric symptoms (Symptom Checklist-90; SCL-90), and values (Life Changes Inventory; LCI) at short- (day 8) and long-term follow-up (day 85) were analysed using mixed-effects models. Group differences in cognitive flexibility (Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift task; IED) at day 8 were analysed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Potential mediating effects of the acute psychedelic experience (Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire; 5D-ASC) were explored. RESULTS: No between-group differences were found on the NEO-FFI, SCL-90, or IED. Both psilocybin groups showed greater LCI absolute change scores at both follow-up points compared to placebo. The 5D-ASC oceanic boundlessness subscale partially mediated these changes. Oceanic boundlessness also fully or partially mediated differences across several LCI subscales, and auditory alterations mediated differences on one subscale. CONCLUSIONS: The acute psychedelic experience, namely oceanic boundlessness and, to a lesser extent, auditory alterations, mediates self-reported changes in values in healthy volunteers. Findings from this exploratory study are tentative and should be replicated in larger samples.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2026-01-25",
            "publication_year": 2026,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251408769",
            "pubmed_id": "41588876",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251408769",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychiatry, Exploratory research, Clinical psychology, Medicine, MEDLINE, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Association (psychology), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125792237\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125792237\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1991682952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009595390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046807857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135598038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150781787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152472333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341748123\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957704534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001118513\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3173955184\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220734155\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307838483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379093876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394886406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395688958\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405528804\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123923706\",\"display_name\":\"Jess Kerr-Gaffney\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124023416\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel Myrtle\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123910196\",\"display_name\":\"Famia Askari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123886072\",\"display_name\":\"Catherine Bird\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037169539\",\"display_name\":\"Nadav Liam Modlin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-4354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123947312\",\"display_name\":\"Allan H. Young\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124021150\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251408769\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Healthy Volunteers",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7125792237"
        },
        {
            "id": 350,
            "title": "An exploration of the relationships between the effects of psilocybin on behavior, 5-HT2A receptor occupancy, and neuroplastic effects in mice",
            "normalized_title": "an exploration of the relationships between the effects of psilocybin on behavior 5 ht2a receptor occupancy and neuroplastic effects in mice",
            "authors": "Connor J. Maltby, Adam K. Klein, Enya Paschen, Jessica Pinto, Dino Dvořák, Joseph R. Hedde, Ashley N. Hanks, Massimiliano Bianchi, Zoe Hughes",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin has shown rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these outcomes remain unclear. AIMS: receptor occupancy (RO) achieved after administration of psilocybin and its effects on behavior and markers of neuroplasticity in mice. METHODS: H]MDL-100,907 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). To relate RO with behavioral outcomes of psilocybin, we assessed the head twitch response (HTR) acutely and investigated behavior in the elevated zero maze (EZM) and forced swim test (FST) 20-24 hours post-drug. Neuroplastic changes were assessed by measuring α-tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) and expression of key synaptic proteins in both the PFC and amygdala. RESULTS: RO (RO₅₀ = 0.88 mg/kg) and an inverted-U dose-response in HTR, with peak effects occurring between ~44% and 62% RO. Behaviorally, a 1.5 mg/kg dose increased the open areas ratio in the EZM, while 3 mg/kg reduced immobility in the FST, 20 and 24 hours after dosing, respectively. Both dose levels shifted α-tubulin PTMs toward a more dynamic microtubule state and selectively increased synaptic marker expression in the PFC, not in the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of psilocybin could be mediated by dose- and region-specific enhancement of neuronal plasticity, with distinct signatures associated with anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-12-31",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251395386",
            "pubmed_id": "41493065",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251395386",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Receptor, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychology, Central nervous system, Neural activity, Animal model, Synaptic plasticity, Functional connectivity, Long-term potentiation, Premovement neuronal activity, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7118979083"
        },
        {
            "id": 143,
            "title": "The effects of psilocybin on time perception in humans: A comparative analysis of subjective and objective measures",
            "normalized_title": "the effects of psilocybin on time perception in humans a comparative analysis of subjective and objective measures",
            "authors": "Petr Scholle, Štěpán Wenke, Tereza Nekovářová, Yulia Zaytseva, Filip Tylš, Martin Brunovský, Jiřı́ Horáček, Veronika Andrashko, Vlastimil Koudelka, Michaela Viktorinová, Vojtěch Viktorin, Kateřina Hájková, Martin Kuchař, T. Páleníček",
            "abstract": "Background: Although psychedelics have regained attention as potential treatment tools for various mental disorders, little research has examined their impact on temporal perception. Aims: This double-blinded placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate changes in temporal perception under psilocybin, both through performance during the Temporal Bisection Task (TBT) and through subjective self-report scales. Methods: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were assessed by comparing their performance on two parameters of the TBT -the Bisection Point (BP) and the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) with subjectively reported changes measured using the Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) and the Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) questionnaires. Results: We observed a rightward shift in BP under psilocybin compared to placebo ( t (23) = 2.27, p = 0.033, g = −0.37). This shift corresponded to reports of subjective time slowing down under psilocybin as measured by HRS and ASC. Psilocybin also increased JND compared to placebo ( t (23) = 2.48, p = 0.021, g = −0.47), indicating decreased temporal precision. Consistent with previous findings, these effects were significant for durations longer than 2 seconds. Conclusions: Based on Bayesian framework of timing, we emphasised that psilocybin alters time perception through disruptions in cognitive functions, particularly working memory and attention. We also outlined directions for future research, which would allow us to not only understand time perception under psychedelics better, but help elucidate the role of serotonergic system on timing. Research ID: The research was conducted as part of a clinical trial registered at EudraCT database under the number 2012-004579-37.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-12-31",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251389552",
            "pubmed_id": "41479142",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251389552",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Perception, Time perception, Cognition, Cognitive psychology, Working memory, Serotonergic, Anhedonia, Hallucinogen, Developmental psychology, Clinical psychology, Bayesian probability, Expectancy theory, Episodic memory, Visual perception, Automatism (medicine), Cognitive bias, Distress, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118000985\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118000985\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1951724000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996258690\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021296709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023397100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025964232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032732419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057409808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060694206\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065540111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075814436\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076113015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139626338\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144455058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164353133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802902398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803735852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903300049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905702364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927301747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991098502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995495462\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042526937\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087190666\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211131282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240652873\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241670916\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283160987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283325106\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366003487\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385250237\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392378208\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406783070\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410022119\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411326423\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412653454\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009629764\",\"display_name\":\"Petr Scholle\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055262118\",\"display_name\":\"Štěpán Wenke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4477\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003473401\",\"display_name\":\"Tereza Nekovářová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4410-9975\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121819871\",\"display_name\":\"Yulia Zaytseva\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121823652\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029388239\",\"display_name\":\"Veronika Andrashko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-3345\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070851256\",\"display_name\":\"Vlastimil Koudelka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-7529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121761792\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Viktorinová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091098247\",\"display_name\":\"Vojtěch Viktorin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-2244\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000277095\",\"display_name\":\"Kateřina Hájková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-2472\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013034893\",\"display_name\":\"T. Páleníček\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251389552\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Healthy Volunteers",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 149,
            "title": "High dose of psilocybin induces acute behavioral changes without inducing conditioned place preference in Sprague-Dawley rats",
            "normalized_title": "high dose of psilocybin induces acute behavioral changes without inducing conditioned place preference in sprague dawley rats",
            "authors": "Vítor Bruno, Martha López-Canul, Brandon Richardson, Rosana Camarini, Tânia Marcourakis, Gabriella Gobbi",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been a resurgence of scientific interest in psychedelics, including psilocybin, for their potential in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the reward-related effects of psilocybin and its impact on behavior remain underexplored. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the potential rewarding effects of high doses of psilocybin and its effects on rat behavior. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Over an 8-day period, rats were administered either psilocybin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (0.9% saline, i.p.) on odd conditioning days, while receiving vehicle (0.9% saline, i.p.) on even conditioning days. The potential rewarding effect induced by psilocybin was assessed 48 hours after the last psilocybin injection. Behavioral assessments, including head twitch, body shaking, grooming, body licking, defecation pellets, and rearing, were conducted during the CPP exposure. RESULTS: Psilocybin did not induce CPP in rats, highlighting its lack of reinforcing effects under these conditions. However, this regimen of administration led to modifications in the behavioral profile during CPP test by increasing head twitching, wet-wet-dog shaking, and defecation pellets and decreasing grooming, body licking, and rearing compared to the vehicle group. Importantly, 48 hours after the final psilocybin injection, no behavioral differences were observed between psilocybin and vehicle groups. CONCLUSION: Psilocybin at this regimen (10 mg/kg, every other day) does not induce CPP, but induces changes in behavior, which disappear 48 hours after the last injection. More research is needed to better evaluate the addiction liability of psychedelics using different paradigms, doses, and protocols.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-09-21",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251368361",
            "pubmed_id": "40984017",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251368361",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Conditioned place preference, Hallucinogen, Anhedonia, Pharmacology, Psychology, Addiction, Preference, Medicine, Neuroscience, Anesthesia, Sensitization, Dopamine, Internal medicine, Amygdala, Endocrinology, Regimen, Anxiety, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Hamster, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414414148"
        },
        {
            "id": 361,
            "title": "Investigating the safety and tolerability of single-dose psilocybin for post-traumatic stress disorder: A nonrandomized open-label clinical trial",
            "normalized_title": "investigating the safety and tolerability of single dose psilocybin for post traumatic stress disorder a nonrandomized open label clinical trial",
            "authors": "Niall M. McGowan, James Rucker, Rachel Yehuda, Manish Agrawal, Nadav Liam Modlin, Hollie Simmons, Agata Tofil-Kaluza, Shriya Das, Guy M. Goodwin",
            "abstract": "Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition for which there are few efficacious treatments. Psilocybin is being studied for use in treatment-resistant depression but has not yet been investigated in PTSD. Aims: The trial’s primary outcome was to investigate the safety and tolerability of single-dose psilocybin in participants with PTSD. Methods: This was a Phase 2, nonrandomized, open-label, multicenter trial. Secondary outcomes were changes in PTSD symptoms (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5); PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)), functional impairment (Sheehan Disability Scale; SDS) and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L index score). Results: Amongst the 22 participants enrolled (63.6% female; mean (SD) age, 39.0 (7.91) years), there was a total of 117 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); 70 (59.8%) were reported on administration day, of which 64/70 (91.4%) resolved by the end of the next day. TEAEs commonly included headache ( n = 11; 50.0%), nausea ( n = 8; 36.4%), crying ( n = 6; 27.3%) and fatigue ( n = 6; 27.3%). There were no serious TEAEs or TEAEs leading to study withdrawal. Pre-post comparisons indicated a clinically meaningful change from Baseline in mean CAPS-5 total score at Week 4 (−29.9 (14.06)) and Week 12 (−29.5 (15.43)), which was associated with the intensity of psychedelic experience on Day 1. PCL-5 scores showed symptom reduction was rapid and sustained until Week 12. SDS total score and EQ-5D-5L index score showed similar improvements. Conclusions: Psilocybin at a dose of 25 mg, administered with psychological support, may be safe, well-tolerated and associated with symptomatic improvement in adults with PTSD. Further investigation is warranted. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05312151 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05312151)",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-08-28",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251362390",
            "pubmed_id": "40883964",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251362390",
            "keywords": "Tolerability, Psilocybin, Open label, Traumatic stress, Psychology, Medicine, Clinical trial, Hallucinogen, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Adverse effect, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413839750\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413839750\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W78677904\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976447964\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979826898\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990166011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057489037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132981258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473786944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550807593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588077070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592166393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2598895258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604674575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612417324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766807714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899448494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912922214\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912959213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948678705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950709739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961809588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970546318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991873828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993548698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994854287\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008102555\",\"https://openalex.org/W3041627357\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082872736\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125332567\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197569079\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211189621\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224257950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282919933\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292737458\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383186500\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389397550\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390628394\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405528804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405978092\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062136892\",\"display_name\":\"Niall M. McGowan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-8558\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088026153\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel Yehuda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-677X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075438055\",\"display_name\":\"Manish Agrawal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0727-6822\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037169539\",\"display_name\":\"Nadav Liam Modlin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-4354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030406378\",\"display_name\":\"Hollie Simmons\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119481589\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Tofil-Kaluza\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048446187\",\"display_name\":\"Shriya Das\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-6326\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037628078\",\"display_name\":\"Guy M. Goodwin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-2816\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251362390\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413839750"
        },
        {
            "id": 362,
            "title": "Pharmacological characterisation of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT discriminative cues in the rat and their translational value for identifying novel psychedelics",
            "normalized_title": "pharmacological characterisation of psilocybin and 5 meo dmt discriminative cues in the rat and their translational value for identifying novel psychedelics",
            "authors": "Guy A. Higgins, Cam MacMillan, Inés de Lannoy, Carolyn M. Tyler, Malik Slassi",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Drug discrimination procedures have made important contributions to the pre-clinical investigation of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). One of the most important being to highlight the critical role of central 5-HT2A receptor agonism as a mediator of hallucinogenic activity, and secondly, drugs that fully generalise to a 5-HT2A receptor agonist cued drug discrimination in rodents, may elicit hallucinogenic activity in humans, showing a forward translational value. However, there is relatively little information about how clinical exposures associated with hallucinations back-translate to generalisation profiles in the rat. METHODS: The present series of experiments utilised two cohorts of male Sprague-Dawley rats, one trained to a psilocybin (0.5 mg/kg SC) cue, and the second trained to a 5-MeO-DMT (1 mg/kg SC) cue. RESULTS: Tests of substitution and antagonism supported the primary role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, respectively, in the mediation of each cue. Plasma exposures of psilocin required for generalisation to the psilocybin cue (5-52 ng/mL) overlapped with clinical exposures associated with perceptual effects in humans. With respect to DMT and LSD, higher exposures were required in the rat compared to humans. Time-course studies using an approximate ED90 dose of each psychedelic showed differing temporal profiles in terms of duration of drug-lever generalisation, with LSD > psilocybin > 5-MeO-DMT ⩾ DMT, showing good agreement with clinical experience. With the exception of LSD, there was a good temporal association between plasma exposure and drug lever generalisation. The disconnect noted for LSD is mirrored by similar findings in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the present studies both support and extend the value of the drug discrimination assay as a translational approach to the pre-clinical study of psychedelic drugs.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-08-26",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251361453",
            "pubmed_id": "40862395",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251361453",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Neuroscience, Value (mathematics), Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Computer science, Machine learning, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413761559\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413761559\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1727963951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963690073\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974228627\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975006228\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979676351\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983135802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986445373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990635352\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001116453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024254226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034511256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038393570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038588928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040497662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047050449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055343010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057298190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071873589\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075390507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082372794\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083916652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086554492\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090369849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113573149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118100568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121264019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126900649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127165654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266545082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2309497242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325885586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597419566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790698047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794166569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951810393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988260994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007555931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125697614\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205688202\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211131282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229446764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295190209\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311564573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311766514\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323305766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366742769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377940122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385196978\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390754503\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391071347\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396732522\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404786984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405176107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408608578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410095934\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027303286\",\"display_name\":\"Guy A. Higgins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-8697\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010506560\",\"display_name\":\"Cam MacMillan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002854199\",\"display_name\":\"Inés de Lannoy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066464893\",\"display_name\":\"Carolyn M. Tyler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058420709\",\"display_name\":\"Malik Slassi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251361453\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Animal Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413761559"
        },
        {
            "id": 540,
            "title": "Examining mystical experiences as a predictor of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression",
            "normalized_title": "examining mystical experiences as a predictor of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for treatment resistant depression",
            "authors": "Ryan M. Brudner, Erica Kaczmarek, Marc G. Blainey, Christian Schulz, Shakila Meshkat, Zoe Doyle, Orly Lipsitz, Hilary Offman, Rickinder Sethi, Geneva Weiglein, Roger S. McIntyre, Joshua D. Rosenblat",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a promising treatment for various psychiatric disorders. However, the exact biological and psychological mechanisms of action of PAP remain to be determined. Examining predictors of PAP outcomes may help identify necessary processes for positive treatment outcomes. Mystical experiences are considered a key aspect of the subjective effects of ingesting psilocybin. Mystical experiences have been observed to be possibly predictive of positive outcomes in psilocybin treatments. Therefore, some argue that mystical-type experiences are necessary to achieve therapeutic benefits. AIMS: The current study examines mystical experiences as a predictor of antidepressant treatment outcomes in PAP, in a complex clinical sample. METHODS: Participants included 31 individuals with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) or Bipolar II Disorder (BDII), with treatment resistance to symptoms of their disorder. Participants had one, two, or three PAP treatments with a fixed dose of 25 mg of psilocybin. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, at a pre-dose visit and at 2 weeks post-dosing. The presence of mystical experiences was measured on the dosing day after the acute effects had resolved. RESULTS: For the first psilocybin dose, participants with greater levels of mystical experiences exhibited a greater antidepressant effect from PAP. This effect was not found at the second or third doses. CONCLUSION: These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that mystical experiences have therapeutic importance in PAP and extend the literature to include a clinical sample of individuals with treatment-resistant depression in the context of MDD or BDII.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-06-30",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251346697",
            "pubmed_id": "40590216",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251346697",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Context (archaeology), Major depressive disorder, Antidepressant, Psychology, Psychiatry, Mysticism, Psychotherapist, Dosing, Clinical psychology, Depression (economics), Treatment-resistant depression, Medicine, Anxiety, Internal medicine, Cognition, Hallucinogen, Philosophy, Biology, Paleontology, Macroeconomics, Theology, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411880520\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411880520\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903884088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911147930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134098691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247582466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283070601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295449270\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318393298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362623650\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379093876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385230722\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386046484\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386209201\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386686242\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389397550\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391069738\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392550813\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392799954\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399584694\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411392672\",\"https://openalex.org/W6869523170\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093927192\",\"display_name\":\"Ryan M. Brudner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8381-7434\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104243612\",\"display_name\":\"Erica Kaczmarek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089394793\",\"display_name\":\"Marc G. Blainey\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101948096\",\"display_name\":\"Christian Schulz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-2113\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037985605\",\"display_name\":\"Shakila Meshkat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-1785\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048402159\",\"display_name\":\"Zoe Doyle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-8994\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091793322\",\"display_name\":\"Orly Lipsitz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-7951\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029059594\",\"display_name\":\"Hilary Offman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-2420\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077689458\",\"display_name\":\"Rickinder Sethi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-5859\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114681119\",\"display_name\":\"Geneva Weiglein\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068850044\",\"display_name\":\"Roger S. McIntyre\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-2523\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050740394\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua D. Rosenblat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-2191\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251346697\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Mystical Experience,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411880520"
        },
        {
            "id": 709,
            "title": "Psilocybin and ketamine affect novel neuropeptides gene expression in the rat hypothalamus",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin and ketamine affect novel neuropeptides gene expression in the rat hypothalamus",
            "authors": "Artur Pałasz, Marta Pukowiec, Katarzyna Bogus, Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek, Łukasz Filipczyk, Kinga Mordecka-Chamera, John J. Worthington, Maria Sygidus, Adam Wojtas, Agnieszka Bysiek, Krystyna Gołembiowska",
            "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Psychedelics are able to trigger highly intense and profound alterations in self-consciousness, perception, affective, and cognitive processes. Indeed, recent studies show that ketamine and psilocybin could be used as fast-acting antidepressants. However, the molecular and neurochemical mechanisms of these psychedelics and their actions at the level of diverse brain structures remains so far unclear. Hypothalamic neuropeptides are involved in a wide spectrum of neuronal activities being responsible for the central control of all fundamental autonomic functions. METHODS: The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to assess the gene expression of both classical and novel neuropeptides, including nesfatin-1, phoenixin (PNX), spexin (SPX), neuromedin U (NMU), neuropeptide S (NPS), and their known receptors in the hypothalamus of male Wistar-Han rats subjected to single injections of psilocybin (dose 2 or 10 mg/kg) and ketamine (dose10 mg/kg). Total mRNA was isolated from homogenized tissue and real-time PCR was used for estimation of related gene expression. RESULTS: It was found that a single administration of the higher dose of psilocybin increased the mRNA expression of most noncanonical neuropeptides examined in the study, with only the case of NMU there with a decrease in gene expression. Interestingly, psilocybin administration also increased mRNA expression of the serotonin receptors: 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B, but not 5HT-2C. In contrast, the effect of ketamine on the expression of neuropeptides was much more limited compared to psilocybin, only increasing transcripts of NUCB2, GPR173, and POMC were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest for the first time that selected psychedelics may enhance the signaling of 5-HT2A receptors or inhibit NMDA receptor activity, affecting neuropeptide signaling and serotonin transmission in the rat hypothalamus, which may contribute to a better understanding of psychedelic action in the brain.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2025-04-16",
            "publication_year": 2025,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811251330783",
            "pubmed_id": "40243003",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251330783",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuropeptide, Neurochemical, Serotonin, Hypothalamus, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Biology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409567941\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409567941\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1891846574\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967117235\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980776054\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993254538\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995844603\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995981925\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999914606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005348933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010591185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011885273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016521818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017105746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050005079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052132767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066433847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080992988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094885706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116939383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126841876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128497690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160415307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164096103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167814096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2258423914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2281749991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2299277295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410812161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2531168951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746691417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773111675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789175114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793403693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886998343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889761695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909119546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955979325\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008785684\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110821178\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154588246\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158512805\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184710039\",\"https://openalex.org/W3189488959\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214937728\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229073012\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281941124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317698893\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320495426\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378782174\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388407376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388574768\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388641010\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389042154\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389992534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393198452\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394694105\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006211966\",\"display_name\":\"Artur Pałasz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-1211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114564714\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Pukowiec\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019337660\",\"display_name\":\"Katarzyna Bogus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6445\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056100362\",\"display_name\":\"Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-7035\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089065962\",\"display_name\":\"Łukasz Filipczyk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-0715\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083603747\",\"display_name\":\"Kinga Mordecka-Chamera\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-7716\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019050839\",\"display_name\":\"John J. Worthington\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-5669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117202539\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Sygidus\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067587745\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Wojtas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-8396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022505011\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053954553\",\"display_name\":\"Krystyna Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-1394\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251330783\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409567941"
        },
        {
            "id": 371,
            "title": "Psilocybin for major depressive disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin for major depressive disorder an updated systematic review and meta analysis of randomized clinical trials",
            "authors": "Sepehr Aghajanian, Arman Shafiee, Samira Parvizi Omran, Aida Rezaei Nejad, Kyana Jafarabady, Omid Kohandel Gargari, Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi, Ida Mohammadi, Touran Bahrami Babaheidari, Mahmood Bakhtiyari",
            "abstract": "Background: Due to the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current antidepressants, research has been launched into alternative treatment approaches, such as the administration of psychedelics. Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, has been shown to exert considerable positive influence on depression symptoms through its serotonergic and glutamatergic effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psilocybin in treating depression. Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline (via PubMed) and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that investigated the therapeutic impact of psilocybin on depression. A mixed-effects multi-level model was used to estimate the overall effect size. Effectiveness over time was also investigated as a secondary analysis. Results: The results of the primary analysis revealed a large and clinically observable reduction (SMC: −1.24, 95%CI: −1.83 to −0.65, I2 level2 = 11.39%, I2 level3 = 77.67%) of depressive symptomatology in patients receiving psilocybin in addition to supportive therapy compared to baseline measurements. The decrease was also marked when compared to placebo ( p -value = 0.032). The results remained significant even when a secondary analysis assessed the effect in various time intervals since the administration of psilocybin. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis substantiate the claim that psilocybin is superior in treating depression compared to established psychotherapy alone used for treating depression. This finding warrants further studies with larger sample sizes and across a longer timeframe.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2024-10-30",
            "publication_year": 2024,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811241287542",
            "pubmed_id": "39480198",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241287542",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Meta-analysis, Placebo, Cochrane Library, Randomized controlled trial, Depression (economics), Serotonergic, Medicine, Systematic review, Psychology, MEDLINE, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Internal medicine, Alternative medicine, Serotonin, Economics, Law, Political science, Pathology, Macroeconomics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403943147\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403943147\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1980910164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014381681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048303608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088928458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139168999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153403353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161374186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2223813100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273917694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992679405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001030361\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216485471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366089680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382360440\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387516067\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076558683\",\"display_name\":\"Sepehr Aghajanian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-0138\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057425365\",\"display_name\":\"Arman Shafiee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-4399\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108956010\",\"display_name\":\"Samira Parvizi Omran\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056414839\",\"display_name\":\"Aida Rezaei Nejad\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-7824\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034353654\",\"display_name\":\"Kyana Jafarabady\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005668391\",\"display_name\":\"Omid Kohandel Gargari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-0582\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093084614\",\"display_name\":\"Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-4103\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010234694\",\"display_name\":\"Ida Mohammadi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-0329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050431840\",\"display_name\":\"Touran Bahrami Babaheidari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8516-5597\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060173628\",\"display_name\":\"Mahmood Bakhtiyari\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241287542\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403943147"
        },
        {
            "id": 1005,
            "title": "Altered states of consciousness in Danish healthy volunteers and recreational users of psilocybin and the possible impact of setting and intention: Danish validation of the five-dimensional altered states of consciousness questionnaire",
            "normalized_title": "altered states of consciousness in danish healthy volunteers and recreational users of psilocybin and the possible impact of setting and intention danish validation of the five dimensional altered states of consciousness questionnaire",
            "authors": "Oliver Rumle Hovmand, M. Madsen, Patrick M. Fisher, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psychedelic substances reliably induce marked altered states of consciousness (ASC), which may be important for lasting effects and clinical outcomes of psychedelic intervention. Several instruments are available to measure the acute psychedelic experience, of which the Five Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC) is commonly used. The questionnaire can be scored and analyzed as having five dimensions or 11 subscales, but the two have not been evaluated with comparable factor analysis methods. METHODS: = 550), who reported retrospectively through an online survey based on their most recent experience with psilocybin. We calculated internal consistency measures of Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the previously suggested factor structures, and tested for possible associations between the 5D-ASC total scores and dose, setting, and intention. For the 11 subscales, we reported omega-sem (composite reliability) using the parameters of the fitted confirmatory factor analyses model. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 11 subscales had a good fit to data and showed a better fit compared to the originally proposed five-dimensional solution and good internal consistencies. We further found that the 5D-ASC total scores correlated positively with the dose in the recreative sample. We found no correlations between 5D-ASC total scores and intention or setting. DISCUSSION: We find the Danish 5D-ASC to be a valid tool for measuring ASC among Danish-speaking individuals.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2024-08-12",
            "publication_year": 2024,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811241269669",
            "pubmed_id": "39135498",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241269669",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Danish, Altered state, Consciousness, Psychology, Recreation, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Political science, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Law, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401553097\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401553097\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1913957972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000380427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027716222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038555815\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071666535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111742571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118338381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140739497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306810735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810245683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308372082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388731626\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390915995\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399648513\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087106624\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver Rumle Hovmand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-6113\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241269669\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Consciousness,Creativity,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401553097"
        },
        {
            "id": 1061,
            "title": "Developing the Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus consensus measures for assessment of supervised psilocybin services: An e-Delphi study",
            "normalized_title": "developing the open psychedelic evaluation nexus consensus measures for assessment of supervised psilocybin services an e delphi study",
            "authors": "P. Todd Korthuis, Kim Hoffman, Adrianne R. Wilson-Poe, Jason B. Luoma, Alissa Bazinet, Kellie Pertl, David L. Morgan, Ryan Cook, Sarann Bielavitz, Renae Myers, R. Cameron Wolf, Dennis McCarty, Christopher S. Stauffer",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Voter initiatives in Oregon and Colorado authorize legal frameworks for supervised psilocybin services, but no measures monitor safety or outcomes. AIMS: To develop core measures of best practices. METHODS: A three-phase e-Delphi process recruited 36 experts with 5 or more years' experience facilitating psilocybin experiences in various contexts (e.g., ceremonial settings, indigenous practices, clinical trials), or other pertinent psilocybin expertise. Phase I, an on-line survey with qualitative, open-ended text responses, generated potential measures to assess processes, outcomes, and structure reflecting high quality psilocybin services. In Phase II, experts used seven-point Likert scales to rate the importance and feasibility of the Phase I measures. Measures were priority ranked. Qualitative interviews and analysis in Phase III refined top-rated measures. RESULTS: = 36; 53% female; 71% white; 56% heterosexual) reported currently providing psilocybin services (64%) for a mean of 15.2 [SD13.1] years, experience with indigenous psychedelic practices (67%), and/or conducting clinical trials (36%). Thematic analysis of Phase I responses yielded 55 candidate process measures (e.g., preparatory hours with client, total dose of psilocybin administered, documentation of touch/sexual boundaries), outcome measures (e.g., adverse events, well-being, anxiety/depression symptoms), and structure measures (e.g., facilitator training in trauma informed care, referral capacity for medical/psychiatric issues). In Phase II and III, experts prioritized a core set of 11 process, 11 outcome, and 17 structure measures that balanced importance and feasibility. CONCLUSION: Service providers and policy makers should consider standardizing core measures developed in this study to monitor the safety, quality, and outcomes of community-based psilocybin services.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2024-06-17",
            "publication_year": 2024,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811241257839",
            "pubmed_id": "38888164",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241257839",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Delphi method, Thematic analysis, Psychology, Applied psychology, Medicine, Qualitative research, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Computer science, Social science, Artificial intelligence, Sociology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399780176\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399780176\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1551186209\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967766053\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979290264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045507107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100069180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110142496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122884679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905110776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964311550\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124902931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149986569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3170399214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250639036\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281666404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291227674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296481593\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385265010\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037879583\",\"display_name\":\"P. Todd Korthuis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5556-3597\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082885757\",\"display_name\":\"Kim Hoffman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3063-7881\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056650801\",\"display_name\":\"Adrianne R. Wilson-Poe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-5295\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009587541\",\"display_name\":\"Jason B. Luoma\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-7037\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042118065\",\"display_name\":\"Alissa Bazinet\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073745691\",\"display_name\":\"Kellie Pertl\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0861-3609\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060032144\",\"display_name\":\"David L. Morgan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-7643\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017059128\",\"display_name\":\"Ryan Cook\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-995X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017040379\",\"display_name\":\"Sarann Bielavitz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-6991\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038473517\",\"display_name\":\"Renae Myers\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058096595\",\"display_name\":\"R. Cameron Wolf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8332-0321\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060056667\",\"display_name\":\"Dennis McCarty\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-2894\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077197149\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher S. Stauffer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-095X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241257839\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399780176"
        },
        {
            "id": 1144,
            "title": "Psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant like effects in mice",
            "authors": "Xiangting Zhao, Yingjie Du, Yishan Yao, Wei Dai, Yong-Yu Yin, Guyan Wang, Yunfeng Li, Liming Zhang",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin offers new hope for treating mood disorders due to its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, as standard medications require weeks or months to exert their effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of psilocybin have not been identified. AIMS: To investigate whether psilocybin has rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice and investigate whether its potential mechanisms of action are related to promoted neuroplasticity. METHODS: We first examined the antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin in normal mice by the forced swimming test and in chronic corticosterone (CORT)-exposed mice by the sucrose preference test and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Furthermore, to explore the role of neuroplasticity in mediating the antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin, we measured structural neuroplasticity and neuroplasticity-associated protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. RESULTS: We observed that a single dose of psilocybin had rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in both healthy mice and chronic CORT-exposed mice. Moreover, psilocybin ameliorated chronic CORT exposure-induced inhibition of neuroplasticity in the PFC and hippocampus, including by increasing neuroplasticity (total number of dendritic branches and dendritic spine density), synaptic protein (p-GluA1, PSD95 and synapsin-1) levels, BDNF-mTOR signalling pathway activation (BDNF, TrkB and mTOR levels), and promoting neurogenesis (number of DCX-positive cells). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that psilocybin elicits robust, rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects which is accompanied by the promotion of neuroplasticity in the PFC and hippocampus.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2024-04-27",
            "publication_year": 2024,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811241249436",
            "pubmed_id": "38680011",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241249436",
            "keywords": "Neuroplasticity, Antidepressant, Psilocybin, Behavioural despair test, Synapsin I, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex, Synaptic plasticity, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Receptor, Cognition, Membrane, Synaptic vesicle, Biochemistry, Vesicle, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35",
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            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 1148,
            "title": "Effects of discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants prior to psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram for major depression",
            "normalized_title": "effects of discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants prior to psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram for major depression",
            "authors": "David Erritzøe, Tommaso Barba, Meg J. Spriggs, Fernando E. Rosas, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for the therapeutic effects of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for major depression. However, due to the lack of safety data on combining psilocybin with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and concerns that there may be a negative interaction on efficacy, participants enrolling in psychedelic trials are usually required to discontinue SNRI/SNRIs prior to enrolling. AIMS: Using data from a recent clinical trial examining the comparative efficacy the psychedelic drug psilocybin (P) combined with approximately 20 h of psychological support to a 6-week (daily) course of the SSRI escitalopram plus matched psychological support for major depressive disorder, we explored the effects of discontinuing SSRI/SNRIs prior to study enrolment on study outcomes. METHODS: Exploratory post hoc analyses using linear mixed effects model were performed to investigate the discontinuation effect on various validated depression symptom severity scales and well-being. The impact of SSRI/SNRIs discontinuation on the acute psychedelic experience was also explored. RESULTS/OUTCOMES: In the psilocybin group, there was a reduced treatment effect on all outcome measures for SSRI/SNRIs discontinuers compared with unmedicated patients at trial entry. However, no effects of discontinuation on measures of the acute psychedelic experience were found. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of SSRI/SNRIs before psilocybin might diminish response to treatment; however, as we did not test SSRI/SNRI continuation in our trial, we cannot infer such causation. Moreover, the exploratory nature of the analyses makes them hypothesis generating, and not confirmatory. A controlled trial of SSRI/SNRI discontinuation versus continuation prior to psilocybin is urgently required.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2024-03-21",
            "publication_year": 2024,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811241237870",
            "pubmed_id": "38520045",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241237870",
            "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Discontinuation, Psychology, Paroxetine, Major depressive disorder, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Anxiety, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":26,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W202333777\",\"https://openalex.org/W265240844\",\"https://openalex.org/W1575252642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951724000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977708183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001284148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042510791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045488830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060307846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071034105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092475629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099634048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155959499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162510673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169083980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2329873939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2397862430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408297962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410085988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519531315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567636536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605671917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2639909134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783948250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804151801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912654919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919124707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980350741\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003710034\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094909023\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107283988\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182390788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191247672\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197897999\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243810801\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292338862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308372082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313251651\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367053025\",\"https://openalex.org/W4372336620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390186718\",\"https://openalex.org/W6674913956\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005427567\",\"display_name\":\"Tommaso Barba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-4628\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020498855\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando E. Rosas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241237870\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 1290,
            "title": "The revival of the psychedelic experience scale: Revealing its extended-mystical, visual, and distressing experiential spectrum with LSD and psilocybin studies",
            "normalized_title": "the revival of the psychedelic experience scale revealing its extended mystical visual and distressing experiential spectrum with lsd and psilocybin studies",
            "authors": "Kurt Stocker, Matthias Hartmann, Laura Ley, A. Becker, Friederike Holze, Matthias E. Liechti",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Research with the Psychedelic Experience Questionnaire/Scale (PES) focuses on questions relating to mystical experience (Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ)). The psychometric potential of the non-MEQ items of the PES remains largely unexplored. AIMS: We investigated whether the PES also yields subscales besides the MEQ30 subscales. METHODS: Data from 239 PES measurements (140 healthy participants) from six studies with moderate to high doses of lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin were included. New subscales (with items other than MEQ30) were created and validated as follows: (1) theoretical derivation of candidate items; (2) removal of items with rare experiences; (3) exploratory factor analysis; and (4) confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations of subscales within the PES and between the PES and the 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Scale (5D-ASC) were performed. In addition, a cluster analysis using all items (except rare experiences) was performed. RESULTS: The reliability of the four original factors of the MEQ30 was confirmed and four additional factors for the non-MEQ items were revealed: paradoxicality, connectedness, visual experience, and distressing experience. The first two additional factors were strongly correlated with the MEQ30 mystical subscale. Adding the new subscales to the MEQ30 subscales increased the explained variance with the 5D-ASC. The cluster analysis confirmed our main results and provided additional insights for future psychedelic psychometrics. CONCLUSION: The study yields a new validated 6-factor structure for extended mystical experience (MEQ40: MEQ30 + Paradoxicality + Connectedness) and covers psychedelic experience as a whole more comprehensively than has hitherto been possible within a single questionnaire (PES48). The entire PES (PES100) can also be used for further future psychedelic-psychometric research.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-10-30",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231199112",
            "pubmed_id": "37905369",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231199112",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, Mysticism, Clinical psychology, Experiential avoidance, Psychometrics, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Structural equation modeling, Theology, Statistics, Mathematics, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36",
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            "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Consciousness,Mystical Experience,Healthy Volunteers,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388034792"
        },
        {
            "id": 1343,
            "title": "Acute but not long-lasting antidepressant-like effect of psilocybin in differential reinforcement of low-rate 72 schedule in rats",
            "normalized_title": "acute but not long lasting antidepressant like effect of psilocybin in differential reinforcement of low rate 72 schedule in rats",
            "authors": "Natalia Malikowska-Racia, Maciej Koniewski, Joanna Gołębiowska, Piotr Popik",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: In clinical studies, psychedelics including psilocybin and D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) demonstrate rapid and persistent antidepressant effects. Since the effective treatment with psychedelics is usually provided with psychotherapy, it is debatable whether their prolonged efficacy can be observed in infrahuman species. Preclinical reports on psychedelics' effects most often address their acute actions, and different tests and models provide inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to examine whether the treatment with psilocybin and/or LSD would demonstrate immediate and/or sustained antidepressant-like effects in the differential reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL) schedule in rats. In contrast to the antidepressant screening tools, the DRL 72s test is known to detect antidepressants with high predictive validity as it differentiates clinically effective antidepressants from other psychoactive drugs in non-stressed animals. METHODS: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were injected over three consecutive days with psilocybin (1 mg/kg), LSD (0.08 mg/kg), or saline and then tested in DRL 72s for the following 4 weeks. RESULTS: Treatment with psilocybin but not LSD demonstrated an immediate antidepressant-like effect, manifested as an increased number of reinforced presses and response efficiency. By contrast, neither of the drugs showed a long-term (up to 4 weeks following administration) antidepressant-like effect. CONCLUSIONS: Using DRL 72s schedule of reinforcement, we demonstrated the acute antidepressant-like effect of psilocybin but not of LSD, and failed to detect their persistent antidepressant-like efficacy. The present study suggests that the detection of long-lasting antidepressant-like activity in rats could be challenging and may require entirely novel behavioral methods.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-10-15",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231205692",
            "pubmed_id": "37842884",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231205692",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Hallucinogen, Differential reinforcement, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Reinforcement, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36",
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            "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
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        {
            "id": 1440,
            "title": "Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on EEG correlates of neural plasticity in major depression: Relationship to symptoms",
            "normalized_title": "sub acute effects of psilocybin on eeg correlates of neural plasticity in major depression relationship to symptoms",
            "authors": "Patrick D. Skosnik, Jordan Sloshower, Hamideh Safi-Aghdam, Surbhi Pathania, Shariful A. Syed, Brian Pittman, Deepak Cyril D’Souza",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin), have rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects after a single dose. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remain unclear. One proposed mechanism is that these drugs promote neuroplasticity. However, this has not been conclusively demonstrated in humans. AIMS: We hypothesized that relative to placebo, psilocybin would: (1) increase electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of neuroplasticity, (2) reduce depression symptoms, and (3) changes in EEG would correlate with improvements in depression. METHODS: = 19) were administered placebo followed by psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) in a fixed order (placebo, followed by psilocybin 4 weeks later). EEG indices of neuroplasticity (tetanus-induced long-term potentiation) as assessed via auditory evoked theta (4-8 Hz) power and measures of depression (GRID Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (GRID-HAM-D-17)) were measured at several time-points after placebo and psilocybin (24 h and 2 weeks after each session). RESULTS: EEG theta power doubled in amplitude 2 weeks after a single psychedelic dose of psilocybin but not after placebo. Further, improvements in depression symptoms 2 weeks after psilocybin were correlated with increases in theta power. CONCLUSIONS: The increased theta power observed represents evidence of sustained changes in the brain following psilocybin. Given the correlation with enhancement in depressive symptoms, changes in theta may represent an EEG biomarker of the sustained effects of psilocybin, and may shed light on potential mechanisms of psilocybin's antidepressant effect. Taken together, these results complement the emerging notion that psilocybin, and perhaps other psychedelics, can produce long-term alterations in neuroplasticity.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-06-29",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231179800",
            "pubmed_id": "37392016",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231179800",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Electroencephalography, Antidepressant, Psychology, Placebo, Neuroplasticity, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Anesthesia, Medicine, Hippocampus, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Biomarkers,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
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        },
        {
            "id": 1443,
            "title": "Attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after SSRI/SNRI antidepressant use",
            "normalized_title": "attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after ssri snri antidepressant use",
            "authors": "Natalie Gukasyan, Roland R. Griffiths, David B. Yaden, Denis Antoine, Sandeep M. Nayak",
            "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data suggest that psilocybin’s effects may be diminished by serotonergic antidepressants acutely and even after a medication washout period. Aims: To learn the extent to which antidepressants may diminish the effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms both concurrently and after discontinuation of antidepressants. Methods: Online retrospective survey of individuals with use of psilocybin mushrooms (1) with an antidepressant and/or (2) within 2 years of discontinuing an antidepressant. Participants who took mushrooms with an antidepressant and either took the same dose pre-antidepressant or took the same dose with other people not on antidepressant reported the strength of drug effects relative to their expectation. Participants who took mushrooms following discontinuation of an antidepressant also reported the presence of weakened effects. Results: In reports ( n = 611) of taking mushrooms with an antidepressant, probabilities [95% CI] of weaker than expected drug effects were 0.47 [0.41-0.54] (selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs), 0.55 [0.44-0.67] (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs) and 0.29 [0.2-0.39] (bupropion). Following SSRI/SNRI discontinuation ( n = 1,542 reports), the probability of reduced drug effects was not significantly different from the earliest post-discontinuation timepoint (within 1 week) until 3-6 months, probability = 0.3 [0.20-0.46], p = 0.001. A sensitivity analysis found that removing responses involving fluoxetine, which has an especially long half-life, did not significantly alter this result. Conclusions: SSRI/SNRIs appear to weaken psilocybin drug effects relative to a non-serotonergic antidepressant. This dampening effect may last as long as 3 months following antidepressant discontinuation.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-06-07",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231179910",
            "pubmed_id": "37291890",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231179910",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Fluoxetine, Discontinuation, Bupropion, Reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonergic, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Sertraline, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Receptor, Pathology, Smoking cessation, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":58,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1975365005\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976132069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039613541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045488830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071034105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152250921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919124707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969982843\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026560467\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193440797\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204219363\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205655574\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686515\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039486115\",\"display_name\":\"David B. Yaden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-6227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088527444\",\"display_name\":\"Denis Antoine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-0961\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231179910\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379967727"
        },
        {
            "id": 1449,
            "title": "A critical evaluation of QIDS-SR-16 using data from a trial of psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram treatment for depression",
            "normalized_title": "a critical evaluation of qids sr 16 using data from a trial of psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram treatment for depression",
            "authors": "Brandon Weiss, David Erritzøe, Bruna Giribaldi, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris",
            "abstract": "Background: In a recent clinical trial examining the comparative efficacy of psilocybin therapy (PT) versus escitalopram treatment (ET) for major depressive disorder, 14 of 16 major efficacy outcome measures yielded results that favored PT, but the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report, 16 items (QIDS-SR16 ) did not. Aims: The present study aims to (1) rationally and psychometrically account for discrepant results between outcome measures and (2) to overcome psychometric problems particular to individual measures by re-examining between-condition differences in depressive response using all outcome measures at item-, facet-, and factor-levels of analysis. Method: Four depression measures were compared on the basis of their validity for examining differences in depressive response between PT and ET conditions. Results/Outcomes: Possible reasons for discrepant findings on the QIDS-SR16 include its higher variance, imprecision due to compound items and whole-scale and unidimensional sum-scoring, vagueness in the phrasing of scoring options for items, and its lack of focus on a core depression factor. Reanalyzing the trial data at item-, facet-, and factor-levels yielded results suggestive of PT’s superior efficacy in reducing depressed mood, anhedonia, and a core depression factor, along with specific symptoms such as sexual dysfunction. Conclusion/Interpretation: Our results raise concerns about the adequacy of the QIDS-SR16 for measuring depression, as well as the practice of relying on individual scales that tend not to capture the multidimensional structure or core of depression. Using an alternative approach that captures depression more granularly and comprehensively yielded specific insight into areas where PT therapy may be particularly useful to patients and clinicians.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-04-24",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231167848",
            "pubmed_id": "37122239",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231167848",
            "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Clinical Trial,Healthcare Workers",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4367053025"
        },
        {
            "id": 1452,
            "title": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder: An exploratory placebo-controlled, fixed-order trial",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy for major depressive disorder an exploratory placebo controlled fixed order trial",
            "authors": "Jordan Sloshower, Patrick D. Skosnik, Hamideh Safi-Aghdam, Surbhi Pathania, Shariful A. Syed, Brian Pittman, Deepak Cyril D’Souza",
            "abstract": "Background: Several early phase studies have demonstrated that psilocybin-assisted therapy has rapid-acting and persisting antidepressant effects from just one or two doses. However, methodological limitations (e.g., placebo-control, blinding) limit interpretability of the existing literature. Methods: In an exploratory placebo-controlled, within-subject, fixed-order study, individuals with moderate to severe major depressive disorder were administered placebo ( n = 19) followed by psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) ( n = 15) 4 weeks later. Dosing sessions were embedded within an manualized course of psychotherapy. Enhanced blinding procedures were used. Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were measured over a 16-week study period. Results: Depression and anxiety significantly improved following both placebo and psilocybin with no significant difference in the degree of change between the two conditions. However, antidepressant effect sizes were larger after psilocybin ( d′ = 1.02-2.27) than after placebo ( d′ = 0.65-0.99) and there were high rates of response (66.7%) and remission (46.7%) following psilocybin administration. Antidepressant effects following psilocybin persisted, on average, for 2 months and there were persisting improvements in mood-related quality of life domains. The strength of mystical-type experience during psilocybin dosing was not correlated with subsequent antidepressant effects. Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study highlight the complex interplay between expectancy, therapy effects, and drug/placebo effects in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy studies. Nonetheless, the acute and persisting clinical improvements observed following psilocybin support further study of its potential in the treatment of major depression. Future studies should more explicitly mitigate and measure expectancy effects and assess the impact of repeated dosing and different forms of psychotherapeutic support.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-03-19",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231154852",
            "pubmed_id": "36938991",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231154852",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Placebo, Antidepressant, Psychology, Psychiatry, Dosing, Anxiety, Major depressive disorder, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Mood, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":153,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030962294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160070901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953529230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991597523\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177516331\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292806894\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080146983\",\"display_name\":\"Jordan Sloshower\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-5931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028783771\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick D. Skosnik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-2625\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045156614\",\"display_name\":\"Hamideh Safi-Aghdam\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040839772\",\"display_name\":\"Surbhi Pathania\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015648875\",\"display_name\":\"Shariful A. Syed\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-8089\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056238262\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Pittman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-5604\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081806198\",\"display_name\":\"Deepak Cyril D’Souza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-1462\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231154852\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 1453,
            "title": "Investigation of self-treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms: Findings from the Global Drug Survey 2020",
            "normalized_title": "investigation of self treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms findings from the global drug survey 2020",
            "authors": "Emma I Kopra, Jason Ferris, Adam Winstock, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Allan H. Young, James Rucker",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Growing numbers of people are using psychedelics for personal psychotherapy outside clinical settings, but research on such use is scarce. AIMS: This study investigated the patterns of use, self-reported outcomes and outcome predictors of psychedelic 'self-treatment' of mental health conditions or specific worries/concerns in life. METHODS: = 1368). The primary outcome of interest was the 17-item self-treatment outcome scale, items reflecting aspects of well-being, psychiatric symptoms, social-emotional skills, and health behaviours. RESULTS: Positive changes were observed across all 17 outcome items, with the strongest benefits on items related to insight and mood. Negative effects were reported by 22.5% of respondents. High intensity of psychedelic experience, seeking advice before treatment, treating with psilocybin mushrooms and treating post-traumatic stress disorder were associated with higher scores on the self-treatment outcome scale after averaging values across all 17 items. Younger age, high intensity of experience and treating with LSD were associated with increased number of negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study brings important insights into self-treatment practices with psychedelics in a large international sample. Outcomes were generally favourable, but negative effects appeared more frequent than in clinical settings. Our findings can help inform safe practices of psychedelic use in the community, and inspire clinical research. Future research can be improved with utilisation of prospective designs and additional predictive variables.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2023-03-05",
            "publication_year": 2023,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811231158245",
            "pubmed_id": "36876583",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231158245",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Mood, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Mental health, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
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C. Kuypers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058414502\",\"display_name\":\"Allan H. Young\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-6952\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231158245\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "PTSD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
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        {
            "id": 1594,
            "title": "Among psychedelic-experienced users, only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness",
            "normalized_title": "among psychedelic experienced users only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness",
            "authors": "Matthias Forstmann, Hannes Kettner, Christina Sagioglou, Alexander Irvine, Sam Gandy, Robin Carhart-Harris, David Luke",
            "abstract": "Background: Past research reports a positive relationship between experience with classic serotonergic psychedelics and nature relatedness (NR). However, these studies typically do not distinguish between different psychedelic compounds, which have a unique psychopharmacology and may be used in specific contexts and with different intentions. Likewise, it is not clear whether these findings can be attributed to substance use per se or unrelated variables that differentiate psychedelic users from nonusers. Aims: The present study was designed to determine the relative degree to which lifetime experience with different psychedelic substances is predictive of self-reported NR among psychedelic-experienced users. Methods: We conducted a combined reanalysis of five independent datasets ( N = 3817). Using standard and regularized regression analyses, we tested the relationship between degree of experience with various psychedelic substances (binary and continuous) and NR, both within a subsample of psychedelic-experienced participants as well as the complete sample including psychedelic-naïve participants. Results/Outcomes: Among people experienced with psychedelics, only past use of psilocybin (versus LSD, mescaline, Salvia divinorum, ketamine, and ibogaine) was a reliable predictor of NR and its subdimensions. Weaker, less reliable results were obtained for the pharmacologically similar N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Results replicate when including psychedelic-naïve participants. In addition, among people exclusively experience with psilocybin, use frequency positively predicted NR. Conclusions/Interpretation: Results suggest that experience with psilocybin is the only reliable (and strongest) predictor of NR. Future research should focus on psilocybin when investigating effects of psychedelic on NR and determine whether pharmacological attributes or differences in user expectations/use settings are responsible for this observation.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-12-31",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811221146356",
            "pubmed_id": "36601974",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221146356",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, MDMA, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": 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Forstmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-183X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041146837\",\"display_name\":\"Christina Sagioglou\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075962733\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Irvine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4351-1551\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069610539\",\"display_name\":\"Sam Gandy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-6244\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077423914\",\"display_name\":\"David Luke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-2453\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221146356\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313544662"
        },
        {
            "id": 1597,
            "title": "Risks and benefits of psilocybin use in people with bipolar disorder: An international web-based survey on experiences of ‘magic mushroom’ consumption",
            "normalized_title": "risks and benefits of psilocybin use in people with bipolar disorder an international web based survey on experiences of magic mushroom consumption",
            "authors": "Emma Morton, Kimberly Sakai, Amir Ashtari, Mollie Pleet, Erin E. Michalak, Josh Woolley",
            "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin, the primary psychoactive component of psychedelic ‘magic mushrooms’, may have potential for treating depressive symptoms, and consequent applications for bipolar disorder (BD). Knowledge of the risks and benefits of psilocybin in BD is limited to case studies. Aim: To support the design of clinical trials, we surveyed experiences of psilocybin use in people with BD. Methods: An international web-based survey was used to explore experiences of psilocybin use in people with a self-reported diagnosis of BD. Quantitative findings were summarised using descriptive statistics. Qualitative content analysis was used to investigate free-text responses, with a focus on positive experiences of psilocybin use. Results: A total of 541 people completed the survey (46.4% female, mean 34.1 years old). One-third (32.2%; n = 174) of respondents described new/increasing symptoms after psilocybin trips, prominently manic symptoms, difficulties sleeping and anxiety. No differences in rates of adverse events overall were observed between individuals with BD I compared to BD II. Use of emergency medical services was rare ( n = 18; 3.3%), and respondents (even those who experienced adverse effects) indicated that psilocybin use was more helpful than harmful. Quantitative findings elaborated on perceived benefits, as well as the potential for psilocybin trips to contain both positively and negatively received elements. Conclusions: The subjective benefits of psilocybin use for mental health symptoms reported by survey participants encourage further investigation of psilocybin-based treatments for BD. Clinical trials should incorporate careful monitoring of symptoms, as data suggest that BD symptoms may emerge or intensify following psilocybin use.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-12-13",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811221131997",
            "pubmed_id": "36515370",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131997",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mushroom, Mushroom poisoning, Bipolar disorder, Psychiatry, Web survey, MAGIC (telescope), Psychology, Consumption (sociology), Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Business, Art, Biology, Cognition, Marketing, Food science, Physics, Quantum mechanics, Aesthetics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4311477082\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4311477082\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":72,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1531015715\",\"https://openalex.org/W1936382619\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967910109\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979687576\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982621879\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984344128\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984708171\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005405662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008814488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014682444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032307757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046060667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048082839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049172770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059116130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070200064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070454612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081401977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091677454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099945881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110159781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114940817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120917538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128309600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142225512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150495094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155204043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156579583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161282771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167930802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168058604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168391307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2186514509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2275915163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490303275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587579530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755651923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769860872\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789412903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791560250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896063467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899316941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911902447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2936730103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965468106\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006460836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033157912\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043935161\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049156731\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123670341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201512146\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201992062\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048752706\",\"display_name\":\"Emma Morton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-1983\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088265750\",\"display_name\":\"Kimberly Sakai\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006067386\",\"display_name\":\"Amir Ashtari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038432008\",\"display_name\":\"Mollie Pleet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-4147\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006308151\",\"display_name\":\"Erin E. Michalak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-6527\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052144380\",\"display_name\":\"Josh Woolley\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131997\",\"is_oa\":true}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 1600,
            "title": "Changes in music-evoked emotion and ventral striatal functional connectivity after psilocybin therapy for depression.",
            "normalized_title": "changes in music evoked emotion and ventral striatal functional connectivity after psilocybin therapy for depression",
            "authors": "Shukuroglou M, Roseman L, Wall M, Nutt D, Kaelen M, Carhart-Harris R.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundMusic listening is a staple and valued component of psychedelic therapy, and previous work has shown that psychedelics can acutely enhance music-evoked emotion.AimsThe present study sought to examine subjective responses to music before and after psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression, while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data was acquired.MethodsNineteen patients with treatment-resistant depression received a low oral dose (10 mg) of psilocybin, and a high dose (25 mg) 1 week later. fMRI was performed 1 week prior to the first dosing session and 1 day after the second. Two scans were conducted on each day: one with music and one without. Visual analogue scale ratings of music-evoked 'pleasure' plus ratings of other evoked emotions (21-item Geneva Emotional Music Scale) were completed after each scan. Given its role in musical reward, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was chosen as region of interest for functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Effects of drug (vs placebo) and music (vs no music) on subjective and FC outcomes were assessed. Anhedonia symptoms were assessed pre- and post-treatment (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale).ResultsResults revealed a significant increase in music-evoked emotion following treatment with psilocybin that correlated with post-treatment reductions in anhedonia. A post-treatment reduction in NAc FC with areas resembling the default mode network was observed during music listening (vs no music).ConclusionThese results are consistent with current thinking on the role of psychedelics in enhancing music-evoked pleasure and provide some new insight into correlative brain mechanisms.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-11-25",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811221125354",
            "pubmed_id": "36433778",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221125354",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Depression, Emotions, Music, Anhedonia, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36433778\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310295919\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310295919\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":38,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W183123008\",\"https://openalex.org/W225944826\",\"https://openalex.org/W1144621943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1812780868\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970629232\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973576997\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973776237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982230178\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982325587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983627329\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999919402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004874491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005276770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006096283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038509004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044423747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057572880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085281696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116692278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125068060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130668599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133852590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141927127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146747402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151422895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151721316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153777989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158327608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164480306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169442707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2254185066\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312379049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325964754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330686105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403484840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2510443052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546678366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605126420\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791796165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192093002\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088290575\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa Shukuroglou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-351X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221125354\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Default Mode Network,Aging,Emotional Processing,Treatment-Resistant Depression",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310295919"
        },
        {
            "id": 1602,
            "title": "Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin.",
            "normalized_title": "body mass index bmi does not predict responses to psilocybin",
            "authors": "Spriggs MJ, Giribaldi B, Lyons T, Rosas FE, Kärtner LS, Buchborn T, Douglass HM, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist and naturally occurring psychedelic. 5-HT2A receptor density is known to be associated with body mass index (BMI), however, the impact of this on psilocybin therapy has not been explored. While body weight-adjusted dosing is widely used, this imposes a practical and financial strain on the scalability of psychedelic therapy. This gap between evidence and practice is caused by the absence of studies clarifying the relationship between BMI, the acute psychedelic experience and long-term psychological outcomes.MethodData were pooled across three studies using a fixed 25 mg dose of psilocybin delivered in a therapeutic context to assess whether BMI predicts characteristics of the acute experience and changes in well-being 2 weeks later. Supplementing frequentist analysis with Bayes Factors has enabled for conclusions to be drawn regarding the null hypothesis.ResultsResults support the null hypothesis that BMI does not predict overall intensity of the altered state, mystical experiences, perceptual changes or emotional breakthroughs during the acute experience. There was weak evidence for greater 'dread of ego dissolution' in participants with lower BMI, however, further analysis suggested BMI did not meaningfully add to the combination of the other covariates (age, sex and study). While mystical-type experiences and emotional breakthroughs were strong predictors of improvements in well-being, BMI was not.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for our understanding of pharmacological and extra-pharmacological contributors to psychedelic-assisted therapy and for the standardization of a fixed therapeutic dose in psychedelic-assisted therapy.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-11-13",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811221131994",
            "pubmed_id": "36373934",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131994",
            "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Body Mass Index, Bayes Theorem, Emotions, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36373934\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308952246\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308952246\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":15,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1966419092\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973927342\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978662219\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985465524\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989324273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993101534\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005441991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025861780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052725640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078501925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081861598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084658093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087193153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134099620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325134021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742569683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005218696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035524447\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097501343\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108632668\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112557491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152417644\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230096730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794773\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020498855\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando E. Rosas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044522468\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Kärtner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045797880\",\"display_name\":\"Tobias Buchborn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-5184\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031966441\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah Douglass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-385X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131994\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4308952246"
        },
        {
            "id": 1604,
            "title": "Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin) and major depressive episodes.",
            "normalized_title": "race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use mdma ecstasy and psilocybin and major depressive episodes",
            "authors": "Jones GM.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPsychedelics are receiving renewed attention within Western medicine as they represent potential treatments for many difficult-to-treat mental health disorders. However, psychedelic science is limited in its focus and inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities. Hence, this study examines whether race and ethnicity moderate the associations that naturalistic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/ecstasy use and psilocybin use share with major depressive episodes (MDEs).MethodData for this project are from The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005-2019). Participants were adults aged 18 years and older (unweighted N = 596,187). This study used multivariable logistic regression to test the interaction between race and ethnicity and MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use for predicting lifetime, past year, and past year severe MDEs.ResultsRace and ethnicity significantly moderated the associations between MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use and MDEs. For White participants, MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use each were associated with lowered odds of all three MDE outcomes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) range: 0.82-0.92). For Hispanic participants, MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use each conferred lowered odds of only a past year MDE (MDMA/ecstasy aOR: 0.82; psilocybin aOR: 0.79). For Non-Hispanic Racial Minority participants, MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin use did not confer lowered odds of any MDE outcomes.ConclusionRace and ethnicity have an impact on the associations that psychedelics share with mental health outcomes. Future research should explore the impact of identity and discrimination on the effects of psychedelics and should explore whether these substances can serve as effective treatments for minorities when used in culturally informed contexts.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-10-30",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811221127304",
            "pubmed_id": "36314881",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221127304",
            "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Hallucinogens, Adult, Psilocybin, Ethnicity, Major Depressive Disorder",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36314881\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4307773202\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4307773202\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":28,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1957998952\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010632490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039566609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042166241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087325111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114183716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121528518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158208927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161482546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167044045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2195703978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2295549095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567295262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571443797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604748569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735648966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757390367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770484717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894431596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899027265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903547094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912806128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2920559226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954690399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968540378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022868799\",\"https://openalex.org/W3032916801\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112172827\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138310787\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159875688\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166645809\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187769763\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193146023\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205618858\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205701940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206486089\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210325795\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223525754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4304118763\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066674976\",\"display_name\":\"Grant Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-310X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221127304\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Observational Study,Drug Interactions",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4307773202"
        },
        {
            "id": 1728,
            "title": "Adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking following the use of magic mushrooms.",
            "normalized_title": "adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking following the use of magic mushrooms",
            "authors": "Kopra EI, Ferris JA, Winstock AR, Young AH, Rucker JJ.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin-containing mushrooms are used for recreational, spiritual, self-development and therapeutic purposes. However, physiologically relatively nontoxic, adverse reactions are occasionally reported.AimsThis study investigated the 12-month prevalence and nature of magic mushroom-related adverse reactions resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking in a global sample of people reporting magic mushroom use.MethodsWe use data from the 2017 Global Drug Survey - a large anonymous online survey on patterns of drug use conducted between November 2016 and January 2017.ResultsOut of 9233 past year magic mushroom users, 19 (0.2%) reported having sought emergency medical treatment, with a per-event risk estimate of 0.06%. Young age was the only predictor associated with higher risk of emergency medical presentations. The most common symptoms were psychological, namely anxiety/panic and paranoia/suspiciousness. Poor 'mindset', poor 'setting' and mixing substances were most reported reasons for incidents. All but one respondent returned back to normality within 24 h.ConclusionsThe results confirm psilocybin mushrooms are a relatively safe drug, with serious incidents rare and short lasting. Providing harm-reduction information likely plays a key role in preventing adverse effects. More research is needed to examine the detailed circumstances and predictors of adverse reactions including rarer physiological reactions.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-04-06",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811221084063",
            "pubmed_id": "35388724",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221084063",
            "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Hallucinogens, Psilocybe, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35388724\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":64,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1948675593\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970305111\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976604434\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985645068\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996278273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003771516\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035199049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057239090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093994427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095349468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099103834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104396432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107232050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111452082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119461820\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131065756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163176525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166423316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2256649040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2283526650\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312475727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725783540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766061290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994274167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007379062\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092151265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107835125\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120324921\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200846882\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208662682\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200001754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206300474\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281793365\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301605941\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022851323\",\"display_name\":\"Emma I Kopra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-5393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065722206\",\"display_name\":\"Jason Ferris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-0173\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067738102\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Winstock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-8015\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058414502\",\"display_name\":\"Allan H. Young\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-6952\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221084063\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Spirituality,Observational Study,Safety",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4226060882"
        },
        {
            "id": 1814,
            "title": "The Acceptance/Avoidance-Promoting Experiences Questionnaire (APEQ): A theory-based approach to psychedelic drugs' effects on psychological flexibility.",
            "normalized_title": "the acceptance avoidance promoting experiences questionnaire apeq a theory based approach to psychedelic drugs effects on psychological flexibility",
            "authors": "Wolff M, Mertens LJ, Walter M, Enge S, Evens R.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundMany benefits and some harms associated with psychedelic use could be attributable to these drugs' acceptance/avoidance-promoting effects and corresponding changes in psychological flexibility. Underlying psychological mechanisms are insufficiently understood.AimThe purpose of this study was the validation of a psychological model of acceptance/avoidance-promoting psychedelic experiences, which included the development of a theory-based self-report instrument: the Acceptance/Avoidance-Promoting Experiences Questionnaire (APEQ). Its two main scales, acceptance-related experience (ACE) and avoidance-related experience (AVE), represent the theorized model's core constructs. We aimed to test the model's central assumptions of complementarity (ACE and AVE may occur alternatingly but not simultaneously, and are therefore empirically independent), intertwinedness (subaspects within ACE and AVE are mutually contingent and therefore highly inter-correlated), context-dependence (ACE and AVE depend on context factors) and interaction (longer-term outcomes depend on the interplay between ACE and AVE).MethodA bilingual retrospective online survey including 997 English- and 836 German-speaking participants. Each participant reported on one psychedelic experience occasioned by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, or ayahuasca.ResultsWhereas ACE and AVE were found to be relatively independent aspects of participants' reported psychedelic experiences (complementarity), their subaspects were mostly distinguishable but strongly correlated among each other (intertwinedness). Therapeutic, escapist, and hedonic use motives were differentially associated with ACE and AVE (context-dependence), which were in turn associated with retrospective changes in psychological flexibility following participants' reported experiences. The positive association between ACE and increased psychological flexibility was significantly moderated by AVE (interaction).ConclusionThese results provide an initial validation of the APEQ and its underlying theoretical model, suggesting the two can help clarify the psychological mechanisms of psychedelic-induced benefits and harms. Both should be further investigated in prospective-longitudinal and clinical studies.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-02-28",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211073758",
            "pubmed_id": "35253518",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073758",
            "keywords": "Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37",
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            "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Psychological Flexibility,Observational Study,Drug Interactions",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4221108429"
        },
        {
            "id": 1827,
            "title": "Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up.",
            "normalized_title": "efficacy and safety of psilocybin assisted treatment for major depressive disorder prospective 12 month follow up",
            "authors": "Gukasyan N, Davis AK, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Sepeda ND, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPreliminary data suggest that psilocybin-assisted treatment produces substantial and rapid antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about long-term outcomes.AimsThis study sought to examine the efficacy and safety of psilocybin through 12 months in participants with moderate to severe MDD who received psilocybin.MethodsThis randomized, waiting-list controlled study enrolled 27 patients aged 21-75 with moderate to severe unipolar depression (GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD) ⩾ 17). Participants were randomized to an immediate or delayed (8 weeks) treatment condition in which they received two doses of psilocybin with supportive psychotherapy. Twenty-four participants completed both psilocybin sessions and were followed through 12 months following their second dose.ResultsAll 24 participants attended all follow-up visits through the 12-month timepoint. Large decreases from baseline in GRID-HAMD scores were observed at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (Cohen d = 2.3, 2.0, 2.6, and 2.4, respectively). Treatment response (⩾50% reduction in GRID-HAMD score from baseline) and remission were 75% and 58%, respectively, at 12 months. There were no serious adverse events judged to be related to psilocybin in the long-term follow-up period, and no participants reported psilocybin use outside of the context of the study. Participant ratings of personal meaning, spiritual experience, and mystical experience after sessions predicted increased well-being at 12 months, but did not predict improvement in depression.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the substantial antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy may be durable at least through 12 months following acute intervention in some patients.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-01-31",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211073759",
            "pubmed_id": "35166158",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073759",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Time Factors, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35166158\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":417,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W78677904\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987450364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031002884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073441573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084315798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116416511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135665329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149402043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149799843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152690559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2289004134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418769740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2566701931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891256775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912654919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971894339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005582604\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020940623\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033752070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137976016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236038590\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025469924\",\"display_name\":\"Mary P Cosimano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073759\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Safety,Adverse Events",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4212903385"
        },
        {
            "id": 1849,
            "title": "MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of US adults.",
            "normalized_title": "mdma ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of us adults",
            "authors": "Jones GM, Nock MK.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundSuicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and rates within the United States have risen over the past two decades. Hence, there is a critical need for novel tools to treat suicidal ideation and related mental health conditions. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/ecstasy and classic psychedelics may be two such tools.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess non-causal associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and psychological distress and suicide risk.MethodsIn this study, we examined the aforementioned associations among 484,732 adult participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008-2019).ResultsLifetime MDMA/ecstasy use was associated with reduced odds of past year suicidal thinking (10% reduced odds; odds ratio (OR) = 0.90; 95% confidence interval, CI = (0.84-0.97); p",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-01-04",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211058923",
            "pubmed_id": "34983249",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211058923",
            "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Health Surveys, Stress, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
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            "topic_tags": "Observational Study,Adolescents,Safety",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4206486089"
        },
        {
            "id": 1848,
            "title": "Lifetime use of MDMA/ecstasy and psilocybin is associated with reduced odds of major depressive episodes.",
            "normalized_title": "lifetime use of mdma ecstasy and psilocybin is associated with reduced odds of major depressive episodes",
            "authors": "Jones GM, Nock MK.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundDepression is a major mental health issue worldwide, with high rates of chronicity and non-recovery associated with the condition. Existing treatments such as antidepressant medication and psychological treatments have modest effectiveness, suggesting the need for alternative interventions.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships between MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)/ecstasy and psilocybin use and major depressive episodes (MDEs).MethodsThis observational study used data from a large (N = 213,437) nationally representative sample of US adults to test the association of lifetime use of MDMA/ecstasy, psilocybin and other classic psychedelics (lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), peyote, mescaline), other illegal substances (e.g. cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP)), and legal/medicinal substances of misuse (e.g. pain relievers, tranquilizers) with lifetime, past year, and past year severe MDEs.ResultsResults revealed that lifetime MDMA/ecstasy use was associated with significantly lowered odds of a lifetime MDE (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.84; p",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-01-04",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211066714",
            "pubmed_id": "34983261",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211066714",
            "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Hallucinogens, Health Surveys, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Patient Acuity, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34983261\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4205618858\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4205618858\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":40,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1593226667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963485898\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976410688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983552968\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987165679\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993810702\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004288616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031910202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034745026\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042166241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060307846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095931173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113285179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114183716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116153150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116894914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132011757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135643379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152600594\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158208927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2270276976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567289819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735648966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770648950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899027265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955008892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981779913\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006069447\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022868799\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033913667\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034931365\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095307948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135005144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066674976\",\"display_name\":\"Grant Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-310X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082317510\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew K. Nock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6508-1145\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211066714\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Observational Study,Adolescents",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4205618858"
        },
        {
            "id": 1847,
            "title": "The effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants: Results from a phase 1, randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation.",
            "normalized_title": "the effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants results from a phase 1 randomised placebo controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation",
            "authors": "Rucker JJ, Marwood L, Ajantaival RJ, Bird C, Eriksson H, Harrison J, Lennard-Jones M, Mistry S, Saldarini F, Stansfield S, Tai SJ, Williams S, Weston N, Malievskaia E, Young AH.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin, a psychoactive serotonin receptor partial agonist, has been reported to acutely reduce clinical symptoms of depressive disorders. Psilocybin's effects on cognitive function have not been widely or systematically studied.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the safety of simultaneous administration of psilocybin to healthy participants in the largest randomised controlled trial of psilocybin to date. Primary and secondary endpoints assessed the short- and longer-term change in cognitive functioning, as assessed by a Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Panel, and emotional processing scales. Safety was assessed via endpoints which included cognitive function, assessed by CANTAB global composite score, and treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) monitoring.MethodsIn this phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy participants (n = 89; mean age 36.1 years; 41 females, 48 males) were randomised to receive a single oral dose of 10 or 25 mg psilocybin, or placebo, administered simultaneously to up to six participants, with one-to-one psychological support - each participant having an assigned, dedicated therapist available throughout the session.ResultsIn total, 511 TEAEs were reported, with a median duration of 1.0 day; 67% of all TEAEs started and resolved on the day of administration. There were no serious TEAEs, and none led to study withdrawal. There were no clinically relevant between-group differences in CANTAB global composite score, CANTAB cognitive domain scores, or emotional processing scale scores.ConclusionsThese results indicate that 10 mg and 25 mg doses of psilocybin were generally well tolerated when given to up to six participants simultaneously and did not have any detrimental short- or long-term effects on cognitive functioning or emotional processing.Clinical trial registrationEudraCT (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/) number: 2018-000978-30.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2022-01-03",
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211064720",
            "pubmed_id": "35090363",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211064720",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35090363\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":101,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1269562257\",\"https://openalex.org/W1532044842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1599190429\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000083255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024747286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056725110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100958095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108984307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122307809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134822928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150781787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163072248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412432222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2461807154\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2554961705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567289819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589381868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769330928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806513910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890724459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127006271\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158216155\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214728203\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230626221\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236038590\",\"https://openalex.org/W4256648276\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294333904\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313429353\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080462431\",\"display_name\":\"Lindsey Marwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-2199\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075703225\",\"display_name\":\"Riikka-Liisa Johanna Ajantaival\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033191459\",\"display_name\":\"Catherine Bird\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-6931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103127258\",\"display_name\":\"Hans Eriksson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-289X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055702421\",\"display_name\":\"John Harrison\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-4923\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033335673\",\"display_name\":\"Molly Lennard-Jones\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108850316\",\"display_name\":\"Sunil Mistry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068780630\",\"display_name\":\"Francesco Saldarini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-3898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019711791\",\"display_name\":\"S. C. Stansfield\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003939496\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Tai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5796\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111726730\",\"display_name\":\"Sam Williams\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031507161\",\"display_name\":\"N. Weston\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-7884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021278348\",\"display_name\":\"Ekaterina Malievskaia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058414502\",\"display_name\":\"Allan H. Young\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-6952\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211064720\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Safety,Adverse Events",
            "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4205906672"
        },
        {
            "id": 1846,
            "title": "Psilocybin use is associated with lowered odds of crime arrests in US adults: A replication and extension.",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin use is associated with lowered odds of crime arrests in us adults a replication and extension",
            "authors": "Jones GM, Nock MK.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundThe United States boasts the largest prison population in the world, conferring significant direct and indirect costs (e.g. lost wages for the incarcerated, increased morbidity/mortality, etc.) to society. Recidivism rates are high for the imprisoned and most interventions to reduce criminality are minimally effective. Thus, in addition to the need for criminal justice reform, there is a need to better understand factors linked to lowered criminal behavior.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the relationships between the use of classic psychedelic substances (psilocybin, LSD, peyote, and mescaline) and past year arrests for various crimes (i.e. property, violence, alcohol and substance use, miscellaneous crimes).MethodsThis study used nationally representative data from The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2015-2019) (N = 211,549) to test the aforementioned associations.ResultsLifetime psilocybin use was associated with lowered odds of seven of 11 past year arrest variables (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) range = 0.30-0.73). Peyote was associated with reduced odds of motor vehicle theft (aOR = 0.30) and driving under the influence (aOR = 0.52), and mescaline was associated with reduced odds of drug possession/sale (aOR = 0.51). Virtually all other substances either shared no relationship to our outcomes or conferred higher odds of arrest.ConclusionThis study suggests that use of classic psychedelic substances is associated with lowered odds of crime arrests. Future research should explore whether causal factors and/or third variable factors (e.g. personality, political orientation) underlie the relationship between classic psychedelic use and reduced criminal behavior.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-12-31",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211058933",
            "pubmed_id": "35090364",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211058933",
            "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Hallucinogens, Health Surveys, Crime, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Criminal Behavior, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
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            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Personality Change,Observational Study,Adolescents",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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        {
            "id": 1852,
            "title": "Psilocybin microdosing does not affect emotion-related symptoms and processing: A preregistered field and lab-based study.",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin microdosing does not affect emotion related symptoms and processing a preregistered field and lab based study",
            "authors": "Marschall J, Fejer G, Lempe P, Prochazkova L, Kuchar M, Hajkova K, van Elk M.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundMicrodoses of psychedelics (i.e. a sub-hallucinogenic dose taken every third day) can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress according to anecdotal reports and observational studies. Research with medium to high doses of psilocybin points towards potential underlying mechanisms, including the modulation of emotion and interoceptive processing.AimsIn this preregistered study, we investigated whether psilocybin microdoses alter self-reported interoceptive awareness and whether repeated microdosing over 3 weeks modulates emotion processing and reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression.MethodsWe used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover design. Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Questionnaire 1½ h after self-administering their second dose (or placebo), and the emotional go/no-go task and the shortened Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 1½ h after self-administering their seventh dose.ResultsOur confirmatory analyses revealed that psilocybin microdosing did not affect emotion processing or symptoms of anxiety and depression compared with placebo. Our exploratory analyses revealed that psilocybin microdosing did not affect self-reported interoceptive awareness, that symptoms of depression and stress were significantly reduced in the first block compared with baseline, that participants broke blind in the second block and that there was no effect of expectations. Further research in a substance-naïve population with clinical range anxiety and depressive symptoms is needed to substantiate the potential beneficial effects of microdosing.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-12-16",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211050556",
            "pubmed_id": "34915762",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211050556",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Depression, Emotions, Anxiety, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34915762\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200583144\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200583144\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":68,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W1526898363\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974098282\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974721535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023999328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025089570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034154165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088994872\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090114941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092282242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105190393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141674457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148993214\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150407416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153159895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153791616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156892222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162440526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166820186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2488640608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2599276130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944038128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969627127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996366481\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002125030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022169380\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092151265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093109301\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159653784\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166100102\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030624983\",\"display_name\":\"Josephine Marschall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-2417\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084687542\",\"display_name\":\"George Fejer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4904-5504\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056906044\",\"display_name\":\"Pascal Lempe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010403613\",\"display_name\":\"Luisa Prochazkova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-3603\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000277095\",\"display_name\":\"Kateřina Hájková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-2472\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004497618\",\"display_name\":\"Michiel van Elk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-3551\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211050556\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Microdosing,Emotional Processing,Observational Study",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4200583144"
        },
        {
            "id": 1866,
            "title": "Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals.",
            "normalized_title": "lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting state functional connectivity in healthy individuals",
            "authors": "McCulloch DE, Madsen MK, Stenbæk DS, Kristiansen S, Ozenne B, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has shown lasting positive effects on clinical symptoms and self-reported well-being following a single dose. There has been little research into the long-term effects of psilocybin on brain connectivity in humans.AimEvaluate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) at 1 week and 3 months after one psilocybin dose in 10 healthy psychedelic-naïve volunteers and explore associations between change in RSFC and related measures.MethodsParticipants received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg psilocybin in a controlled setting. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans at baseline, 1-week and 3-month post-administration and [11C]Cimbi-36 PET scans at baseline and 1 week. We examined changes in within-network, between-network and region-to-region RSFC. We explored associations between changes in RSFC and psilocybin-induced phenomenology as well as changes in psychological measures and neocortex serotonin 2A receptor binding.ResultsPsilocybin was well tolerated and produced positive changes in well-being. At 1 week only, executive control network (ECN) RSFC was significantly decreased (Cohen's d = -1.73, pFWE = 0.010). We observed no other significant changes in RSFC at 1 week or 3 months, nor changes in region-to-region RSFC. Exploratory analyses indicated that decreased ECN RSFC at 1 week predicted increased mindfulness at 3 months (r = -0.65).ConclusionsThese findings in a small cohort indicate that psilocybin affects ECN function within the psychedelic 'afterglow' period. Our findings implicate ECN modulation as mediating psilocybin-induced, long-lasting increases in mindfulness. Although our findings implicate a neural pathway mediating lasting psilocybin effects, it is notable that changes in neuroimaging measures at 3 months, when personality changes are observed, remain to be identified.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-06-29",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/02698811211026454",
            "pubmed_id": "34189985",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211026454",
            "keywords": "Brain, Neural Pathways, Humans, Benzylamines, Phenethylamines, Hallucinogens, Positron-Emission Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Follow-Up Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Executive Function, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34189985\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":79,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964444231\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966464274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983183519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988930537\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995495598\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017307521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019930104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021986306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049649543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068427049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081498685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085561705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093220018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104016179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112278807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121044470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127662631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131398580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133988276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157106546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166934228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2347180461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2470118655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2480710602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567289819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791304632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793096639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897664451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899204028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951617899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990741346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014114230\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014803974\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043994263\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090010637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3101729008\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152046960\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064300685\",\"display_name\":\"Drummond E-Wen McCulloch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-5224\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Martin Korsbak Madsen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107600706\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Peter Steen Jensen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211026454\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Observational Study",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3175441262"
        },
        {
            "id": 2147,
            "title": "Cannabis-induced oceanic boundlessness.",
            "normalized_title": "cannabis induced oceanic boundlessness",
            "authors": "Earleywine M, Ueno LF, Mian MN, Altman BR.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundDespite tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)'s reputation for creating dramatic effects at high doses, empirical work rarely addresses cannabis's impact on subjective responses common to the tryptamine psychedelics. We focused on these effects because they have preceded and covaried with the therapeutic impact of psilocybin in previous work.AimsThe current study examined if self-reported responses to cannabis products might parallel those found in clinical trials of psilocybin administration. We also investigated if measures of demographics and cannabis use might correlate with these responses.MethodsParticipants reported the subjective effect of their highest THC experience using 27 items that assess oceanic boundlessness, a correlate of mystical experiences. They also answered infrequency items and questions on demographics and cannabis consumption.ResultsIn an effort to address concerns about replication, we divided respondents who passed infrequency items into two random samples. Self-reported \"breakthrough\" experiences were significantly greater than zero but significantly lower than those reported in randomized clinical trials of psilocybin (17-19% vs. 59%). Total scores covaried with perceived dosages of THC, but only in one sample. Heavier users of cannabis reported lower scores.ConclusionsSelf-report data suggest that high doses of cannabis can create subjective effects comparable to those identified in trials of psilocybin that precede relief from cancer-related distress, treatment-resistant depression, alcohol problems, and cigarette dependence. Given the disparate mechanisms of action, comparing THC-induced to psilocybin-induced effects might improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying subjective experiences. This work might also support the development of a cannabis-assisted psychotherapy comparable to psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-03-27",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881121997099",
            "pubmed_id": "33779383",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121997099",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Dronabinol",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33779383\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3151652679\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3151652679\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":36,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W593791618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603509204\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966963529\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978737075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008032892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022336627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030021261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061139168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061540970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078135084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082153535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085691122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121535479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122063286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141746953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162445884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2238876402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286619620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337912130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340256041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473123625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492473231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585493186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594222852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604365947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618935900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2724805291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795495768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890221055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891256775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919176916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964127416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965908387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978988552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979695050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981280520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981779913\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014579665\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018399375\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088893658\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093269897\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113026224\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133510121\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234523729\",\"https://openalex.org/W4237844050\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090993398\",\"display_name\":\"Mitch Earleywine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-0623\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090782374\",\"display_name\":\"Luna F. Ueno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-5231\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069529785\",\"display_name\":\"Maha N. Mian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038304952\",\"display_name\":\"Brianna R. Altman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-2939\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121997099\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Adolescents,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3151652679"
        },
        {
            "id": 2175,
            "title": "Hallucinogenic/psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics: Evidence and mechanisms of action.",
            "normalized_title": "hallucinogenic psychedelic 5ht2a receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics evidence and mechanisms of action",
            "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Hallak JE, Baker G, Dursun S.",
            "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide, and it is associated with a reduced quality of life and enormous costs to health care systems. Available drug treatments show low-to-moderate response in most patients, with almost a third of patients being non-responders (treatment-resistant). Furthermore, most currently available medications need several weeks to achieve therapeutic effects, and the long-term use of these drugs is often associated with significant unwanted side effects and resultant reductions in treatment compliance. Therefore, more effective, safer, and faster-acting antidepressants with enduring effects are needed. Together with ketamine, psychedelics (or classic or serotoninergic hallucinogens) such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and ayahuasca are among the few compounds with recent human evidence of fast-acting antidepressant effects. Several studies in the 1950s to 1970s reported antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of these drugs, which are being confirmed by modern trials (LSD, one trial; psilocybin, five trials; ayahuasca, two trials). The effects of these drugs appear to be produced primarily by their agonism at serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors, especially the 5-HT2A receptor. Considering the overall burden of MDD and the necessity of new therapeutic options, the promising (but currently limited) evidence of safety and efficacy of psychedelics has encouraged the scientific community to explore more fully their beneficial effects in MDD.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-03-18",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881120986422",
            "pubmed_id": "33740877",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120986422",
            "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Depressive Disorder, Clinical Trials as Topic, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33740877\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3137933781\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3137933781\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":51,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W184284683\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1918269093\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993197174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012834083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021282200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037606383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050472078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055277208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105571318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128667819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150663429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163858520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164339448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546678366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592469547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749408017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801130428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810219073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889790655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900791190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943320709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948924404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974916455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992322507\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014803974\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023636576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038388367\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082850425\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090852378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058075680\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael G. dos Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103536998\",\"display_name\":\"Jaime EC Hallak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088403251\",\"display_name\":\"Glen B. Baker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-6486\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089267199\",\"display_name\":\"Serdar Dursun\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-851X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120986422\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Safety,Adverse Events",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3137933781"
        },
        {
            "id": 2179,
            "title": "Optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy: Considering weight-adjusted and fixed dosing approaches.",
            "normalized_title": "optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy considering weight adjusted and fixed dosing approaches",
            "authors": "Garcia-Romeu A, Barrett FS, Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic, is a safe and promising pharmacotherapy for treatment of mood and substance use disorders when administered as part of a structured intervention. In most trials to date, psilocybin dose has been administered on a weight-adjusted basis rather than the more convenient procedure of administering a fixed dose.AimsThe present post hoc analyses sought to determine whether the subjective effects of psilocybin are affected by body weight when psilocybin is administered on a weight-adjusted basis and when psilocybin is administered as a fixed dose.MethodsWe analyzed acute subjective drug effects (mystical, challenging, and intensity) associated with therapeutic outcomes from ten previous studies (total N = 288) in which psilocybin was administered in the range 20 to 30 mg/70 kg (inclusive). Separate multivariate regression analyses examined the relationships between demographic variables including body weight and subjective effects in participants receiving 20 mg/70 kg (n = 120), participants receiving 30 mg/70 kg (n = 182), and participants whose weight-adjusted dose was about 25 mg (to approximate the fixed dose that is currently being evaluated in registration trials for major depressive disorder) (n = 103).ResultsIn the 20 mg/70 kg and 30 mg/70 kg weight-adjusted groups, and in the fixed dose group, no significant associations were found between subjective effects and demographic variables including body weight or sex. Across a wide range of body weights (49 to 113 kg) the present results showed no evidence that body weight affected subjective effects of psilocybin.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the convenience and lower cost of administering psilocybin as a fixed dose outweigh any potential advantage of weight-adjusted dosing.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-02-19",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881121991822",
            "pubmed_id": "33611977",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121991822",
            "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Body Weight, Hallucinogens, Drug Monitoring, Treatment Outcome, Affect, Grief, Fear, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Mysticism, Adult, Female, Male, Drug Dosage Calculations, Self-Assessment, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Cigarette Smoking, Psychosocial Functioning, Major Depressive Disorder",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33611977\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":99,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1913957972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039148654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127234861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336455319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047238201\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296153573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298283550\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121991822\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3129221857"
        },
        {
            "id": 2182,
            "title": "Development of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire among a sample of people who have consumed psilocybin or LSD.",
            "normalized_title": "development of the psychological insight questionnaire among a sample of people who have consumed psilocybin or lsd",
            "authors": "Davis AK, Barrett FS, So S, Gukasyan N, Swift TC, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundSeveral measures have been developed to examine acute psychedelic effects (e.g. mystical-type and challenging experiences), but no measure assesses acute psychologically insightful experiences that may occur during psychedelic experiences.AimThe purpose of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire.MethodA cross-sectional survey study among psilocybin and LSD users. Respondents (n=1661; Mage=22.9, standard deviation=8.5; Caucasian/White=83%; non-Hispanic=91%; men=72%; United States resident=66%) completed an Internet-based survey.ResultsThe Psychological Insight Questionnaire consists of 23 items with two subscales: (a) Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and (b) Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights. Construct validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire was supported by strong correlations of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores with the insight subscale of the Session Impacts Scale, and weak-to-moderate correlations with the Mystical Experiences and Challenging Experiences Questionnaires. Furthermore, Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores were moderately-to-strongly correlated with retrospectively reported increases in psychological flexibility, and well-being/life satisfaction that were attributed to a memorable psychedelic experience. Lastly, incremental validity was established showing that the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights subscale) scores predict unique variance in changes in psychological flexibility, and Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores predict changes in well-being and life satisfaction, beyond measures of acute mystical-type and challenging effects.ConclusionsThe Psychological Insight Questionnaire has the potential to extend the understanding of the acute and enduring effects of psychedelics. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the long-term predictive validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire and to examine the role of psychological insight in predicting therapeutic outcomes.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2021-01-08",
            "publication_year": 2021,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881120967878",
            "pubmed_id": "33427007",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120967878",
            "keywords": "Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Adaptation, Psychological, Avoidance Learning, Psychometrics, Mysticism, Adult, Female, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33427007\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":166,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1569927523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965112942\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966524739\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970616344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010041240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010154176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052911329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053987449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071666535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086909840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088906551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096249407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113641591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146550906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2187625796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313567228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2493603637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2493928838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2538225168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2555169822\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802902398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903884088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904505693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919995896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241976654\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040562059\",\"display_name\":\"Sara So\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002580794\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Cody Swift\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120967878\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Wellbeing,Mystical Experience,Psychological Flexibility,Observational Study",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3118498264"
        },
        {
            "id": 2187,
            "title": "Transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin",
            "normalized_title": "transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin",
            "authors": "Oskar Hougaard Jefsen, Betina Elfving, Gregers Wegener, Heidi Kaastrup Müller",
            "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic found in “magic mushrooms” with a putative therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction. In rodents, psilocybin acutely induces plasticity-related immediate early genes in cortical tissue; however, studies into the effects on subcortical regions, of different doses, and the subsequent translation of corresponding proteins are lacking. Methods: We examined the acute effects of a single administration of psilocybin (0.5-20 mg/kg) on the expression of selected genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In total, 46 target genes and eight reference genes were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Corresponding protein levels of the three most commonly regulated genes were assessed using Western blotting. Results: In the prefrontal cortex, psilocybin increased the expression of Cebpb, c-Fos, Dups1, Fosb, Junb, Iκβ-α, Nr4a1, P11, Psd95, and Sgk1, and decreased the expression of Clk1. In the hippocampus, psilocybin strongly increased the expression of Arrdc2, Dusp1, Iκβ-α, and Sgk1 in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the expression of Arc, Clk1, Egr2, and Ptgs2. Protein levels of Sgk1, Dusp1, and Iκβ-α showed only partial agreement with transcriptional patterns, stressing the importance of assessing downstream translation when investigating rapid gene responses. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that psilocybin rapidly induces gene expression related to neuroplasticity, biased towards the prefrontal cortex, compared to the hippocampus. Our findings provide further evidence for the rapid plasticity-promoting effects of psilocybin.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2020-11-03",
            "publication_year": 2020,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881120959614",
            "pubmed_id": "33143539",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959614",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Prefrontal cortex, Hippocampus, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":123,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1487695731\",\"https://openalex.org/W1532805410\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969125125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991128922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004911098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011245371\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020778578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026743859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032057219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038487059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049004084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055829187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060035717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065121422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070285245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075278744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075361934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081150698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094863064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120695614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122148359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122384242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126405504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128551987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154127252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161050830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169412710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172149172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290466312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407277813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410613263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515280853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552073351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781829400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016993897\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236678791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239438238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410970690\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080789169\",\"display_name\":\"Oskar Hougaard Jefsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-5158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062999838\",\"display_name\":\"Betina Elfving\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-5088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012173155\",\"display_name\":\"Gregers Wegener\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-0068\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089941210\",\"display_name\":\"Heidi Kaastrup Müller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-8114\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959614\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3094714065"
        },
        {
            "id": 2181,
            "title": "Brain serotonin 2A receptor binding predicts subjective temporal and mystical effects of psilocybin in healthy humans",
            "normalized_title": "brain serotonin 2a receptor binding predicts subjective temporal and mystical effects of psilocybin in healthy humans",
            "authors": "Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, M. Madsen, Brice Ozenne, Sara Kristiansen, Daniel Burmester, David Erritzøe, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with psychoactive effects mediated by serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation. It produces an acute psychedelic altered state of consciousness with a unique phenomenology that can be temporally characterized by three intensity phases: onset of psychoactive effect, a peak plateau and return to normal consciousness. AIMS: We evaluated whether pre-drug brain 5-HT2AR binding predicted the three phases of psilocybin subjective drug intensity (SDI) and retrospective self-report of mystical type experiences in healthy individuals. METHOD: C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography scan to assess 5-HT2AR binding. On a separate day, participants completed a single psilocybin session (oral dose range 0.2-0.3 mg/kg), during which SDI was assessed every 20 min. The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) was completed at the end of the session. The three SDI phases were modelled using segmented linear regressions. We evaluated the associations between neocortex 5-HT2AR binding and SDI/MEQ outcomes using linear regression models. RESULTS: Neocortex 5-HT2AR was statistically significantly negatively associated with peak plateau duration and positively with time to return to normal waking consciousness. It was also statistically significantly negatively associated with MEQ total score. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate how individual brain 5-HT2AR binding predicts subjective effects of a single dose of psilocybin. Our findings reinforce the role of cerebral 5-HT2AR in shaping the temporal and mystical features of the psychedelic experience. Future studies should examine whether individual brain levels of 5-HT2AR have an impact on therapeutic outcomes in clinical studies.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2020-10-07",
            "publication_year": 2020,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881120959609",
            "pubmed_id": "33501857",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959609",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Internal medicine, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":81,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971729817\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978737075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990005524\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002224654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017307521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039391993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052538643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053481547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067940063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076806084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102383881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130668599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136464549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137226568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2262920652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793096639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923436703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992322507\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107600706\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959609\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mystical Experience,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 2300,
            "title": "Therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin: Changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression",
            "normalized_title": "therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment resistant depression",
            "authors": "Lea J. Mertens, Matthew B. Wall, Leor Roseman, Lysia Demetriou, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin has shown promise as a treatment for depression but its therapeutic mechanisms are not properly understood. In contrast to the presumed actions of antidepressants, we recently found increased amygdala responsiveness to fearful faces one day after open-label treatment with psilocybin (25 mg) in 19 patients with treatment-resistant depression, which correlated with treatment efficacy. AIMS: Aiming to further unravel the therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin, the present study extends this basic activation analysis. We hypothesised changed amygdala functional connectivity, more precisely decreased amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity, during face processing after treatment with psilocybin. METHODS: Psychophysiological interaction analyses were conducted on functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a classic face/emotion perception task, with the bilateral amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex time-series as physiological regressors. Average parameter estimates (beta weights) of significant clusters were correlated with clinical outcomes at one week. RESULTS: Results showed decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex-right amygdala functional connectivity during face processing post- (versus pre-) treatment; this decrease was associated with levels of rumination at one week. This effect was driven by connectivity changes in response to fearful and neutral (but not happy) faces. Independent whole-brain analyses also revealed a post-treatment increase in functional connectivity between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to occipital-parietal cortices during face processing. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the idea that psilocybin therapy revives emotional responsiveness on a neural and psychological level, which may be a key treatment mechanism for psychedelic therapy. Future larger placebo-controlled studies are needed to examine the replicability of the current findings.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2020-01-15",
            "publication_year": 2020,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881119895520",
            "pubmed_id": "31941394",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119895520",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Amygdala, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Functional connectivity, Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, Depression (economics), Treatment-resistant depression, Psychiatry, Cognition, Major depressive disorder, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Aging,Emotional Processing,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity,Drug Interactions",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3000549374"
        },
        {
            "id": 2302,
            "title": "Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer",
            "normalized_title": "long term follow up of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life threatening cancer",
            "authors": "Gabrielle Agin-Liebes, Tara C. Malone, Matthew M. Yalch, Sarah E. Mennenga, Katherine Ponte, Jeffrey Guss, Anthony P. Bossis, Jim Grigsby, Stacy M. Fischer, Stephen Ross",
            "abstract": "BACKGROUND: A recently published randomized controlled trial compared single-dose psilocybin with single-dose niacin in conjunction with psychotherapy in participants with cancer-related psychiatric distress. Results suggested that psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy facilitated improvements in psychiatric and existential distress, quality of life, and spiritual well-being up to seven weeks prior to the crossover. At the 6.5-month follow-up, after the crossover, 60-80% of participants continued to meet criteria for clinically significant antidepressant or anxiolytic responses. METHODS: The present study is a long-term within-subjects follow-up analysis of self-reported symptomatology involving a subset of participants that completed the parent trial. All 16 participants who were still alive were contacted, and 15 participants agreed to participate at an average of 3.2 and 4.5 years following psilocybin administration. RESULTS: Reductions in anxiety, depression, hopelessness, demoralization, and death anxiety were sustained at the first and second follow-ups. Within-group effect sizes were large. At the second (4.5 year) follow-up approximately 60-80% of participants met criteria for clinically significant antidepressant or anxiolytic responses. Participants overwhelmingly (71-100%) attributed positive life changes to the psilocybin-assisted therapy experience and rated it among the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant experiences of their lives. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy holds promise in promoting long-term relief from cancer-related psychiatric distress. Limited conclusions, however, can be drawn regarding the efficacy of this therapy due to the crossover design of the parent study. Nonetheless, the present study adds to the emerging literature base suggesting that psilocybin-facilitated therapy may enhance the psychological, emotional, and spiritual well-being of patients with life-threatening cancer.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2020-01-08",
            "publication_year": 2020,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881119897615",
            "pubmed_id": "31916890",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119897615",
            "keywords": "Psilocybin, Distress, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Psychology, Existentialism, Cancer, Term (time), Quality of life (healthcare), Hallucinogen, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Quantum mechanics, Epistemology, Philosophy, Internal medicine, Physics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "OpenAlex",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39",
            "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":353,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W657183938\",\"https://openalex.org/W1784226620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1862997372\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966158258\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973763578\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977539641\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977618336\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987617060\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006017095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007686940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020401373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034806753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039979496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041265397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041381796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044194878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060831503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072833030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082535915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087089708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094249471\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098462422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115111325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115510970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120051206\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125807611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134436637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141463901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156033378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157803948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166281097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168083201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474663598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492489237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626493232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889204985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898717395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935505088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954690399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251018542\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041698353\",\"display_name\":\"Gabrielle Agin-Liebes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-229X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072909845\",\"display_name\":\"Tara C. Malone\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008975339\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew M. Yalch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-0041\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087382833\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah E. Mennenga\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043859431\",\"display_name\":\"Katherine Ponte\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026405762\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Guss\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015516801\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony P. Bossis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049402654\",\"display_name\":\"Jim Grigsby\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1002-9807\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000572590\",\"display_name\":\"Stacy M. Fischer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7576\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007445878\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen Ross\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3037\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119897615\",\"is_oa\":false}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Randomized Controlled Trial,Cancer Patients",
            "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3000636165"
        },
        {
            "id": 2370,
            "title": "Does getting high hurt? Characterization of cases of LSD and psilocybin-containing mushroom exposures to national poison centers between 2000 and 2016.",
            "normalized_title": "does getting high hurt characterization of cases of lsd and psilocybin containing mushroom exposures to national poison centers between 2000 and 2016",
            "authors": "Leonard JB, Anderson B, Klein-Schwartz W.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are serotonergic hallucinogens that are used primarily for recreational abuse. Small studies evaluated the efficacy of LSD and psilocybin for several psychiatric conditions. There are limited safety or toxicity data for either of these substances, especially in large populations.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of single-substance exposures of LSD or psilocybin-containing mushrooms (PcMs) reported to United States poison centers from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016. The study describes the most frequent toxicities, management sites, and medical outcomes.ResultsA total of 5883 PcM and 3554 LSD exposures were included. Most patients were between 13 and 29 years of age (83.9% PcM, 88.9% LSD) and primarily male (77.9% PcM, 74.1% LSD). Most common clinical effects were hallucinations (45.8% PcM, 37.4% LSD), agitation (24.1% PcM, 42.4% LSD), and tachycardia (18.0% PcM, 38.6% LSD). Serious clinical effects were infrequent, but included hyperthermia, seizures, coma, increased serum creatinine, and cardiac arrest. Most patients were treated and released from the emergency department. More LSD patients were admitted to critical care and non-critical care units than PcM patients. Moderate effect was the most frequent outcome for both substances (61.0% PcM, 62.3% LSD).ConclusionThese data find that LSD and PcM use occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults, who experience mild to moderate adverse effects. Serious effects are infrequent but can occur. While most LSD and PcM users require only emergency department management, LSD use is more likely to require medical admission.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2018-09-04",
            "publication_year": 2018,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881118793086",
            "pubmed_id": "30182795",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118793086",
            "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Retrospective Studies, Age Distribution, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Emergency Service, Hospital, Poison Control Centers, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30182795\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":85,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963868116\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028825681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031343230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048272107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064283285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094583078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095349468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160976181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163176525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557998092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558291661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2740495861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771056291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793066401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916306937\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243047549\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013813978\",\"display_name\":\"James B. Leonard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-8950\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106132781\",\"display_name\":\"Bruce D. Anderson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002362757\",\"display_name\":\"Wendy Klein-Schwartz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118793086\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Adolescents,Safety,Toxicity",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2889566085"
        },
        {
            "id": 2401,
            "title": "High dose psilocybin is associated with positive subjective effects in healthy volunteers.",
            "normalized_title": "high dose psilocybin is associated with positive subjective effects in healthy volunteers",
            "authors": "Nicholas CR, Henriquez KM, Gassman MC, Cooper KM, Muller D, Hetzel S, Brown RT, Cozzi NV, Thomas C, Hutson PR.",
            "abstract": "AimThe aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between escalating higher doses of psilocybin and the potential psilocybin occasioned positive subjective effects.MethodsHealthy participants ( n=12) were given three escalating doses of oral psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg; 0.45 mg/kg; 0.6 mg/kg) or (18.8-36.6 mg; 27.1-54.0 mg; 36.3-59.2 mg) a minimum of four weeks apart in a supervised setting. Blood and urine samples, vital signs, and electrocardiograms were obtained. Subjective effects were assessed using the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and Persisting Effects Questionnaire.ResultsThere was a significant linear dose-related response in Mystical Experience Questionnaire total score and the transcendence of time and space subscale, but not in the rate of a complete mystical experience. There was also a significant difference between dose 3 compared to dose 1 on the transcendence of time and space subscale, while no dose-related differences were found for Mystical Experience Questionnaire total scores or rate of a mystical experience. Persisting Effects Questionnaire positive composite scores 30 days after completion of the last dose were significantly higher than negative composite scores. Persisting Effects Questionnaire results revealed a moderate increase in sense of well-being or life satisfaction on average that was associated with the maximum Mystical Experience Questionnaire total score. Pharmacokinetic measures were associated with dose but not with Mystical Experience Questionnaire total scores or rate of a mystical experience.ConclusionsHigh doses of psilocybin elicited subjective effects at least as strong as the lower doses and resulted in positive persisting subjective effects 30 days after, indicating that a complete mystical experience was not a prerequisite for positive outcomes.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2018-06-26",
            "publication_year": 2018,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881118780713",
            "pubmed_id": "29945469",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118780713",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Administration, Oral, Follow-Up Studies, Personal Satisfaction, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Mysticism, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29945469\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":84,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1553259489\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080464850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123344139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2254509181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332016763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086315876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230167918\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043044020\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher R. Nicholas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-4046\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017658689\",\"display_name\":\"Kelsey M. Henriquez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051969488\",\"display_name\":\"Michele Gassman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-2976\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023584205\",\"display_name\":\"Karen M. Cooper\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Daniel Muller\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007698239\",\"display_name\":\"Scott Hetzel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-2959\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605998\",\"display_name\":\"Randall Brown\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-8119\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037184848\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas V. Cozzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-6063\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067372536\",\"display_name\":\"Chantelle Thomas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088507656\",\"display_name\":\"Paul R. Hutson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-7096\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118780713\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Mystical Experience,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2810374266"
        },
        {
            "id": 2402,
            "title": "Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: Qualitative analysis of participant accounts.",
            "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation qualitative analysis of participant accounts",
            "authors": "Noorani T, Garcia-Romeu A, Swift TC, Griffiths RR, Johnson MW.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundRecent pilot trials suggest feasibility and potential efficacy of psychedelic-facilitated addiction treatment interventions. Fifteen participants completed a psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation pilot study between 2009 and 2015.AimsThe aims of this study were as follows: (1) to identify perceived mechanisms of change leading to smoking cessation in the pilot study; (2) to identify key themes in participant experiences and long-term outcomes to better understand the therapeutic process.MethodsParticipants were invited to a retrospective follow-up interview an average of 30 months after initial psilocybin sessions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 of the 15 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants reported gaining vivid insights into self-identity and reasons for smoking from their psilocybin sessions. Experiences of interconnectedness, awe, and curiosity persisted beyond the duration of acute drug effects. Participants emphasised that the content of psilocybin experiences overshadowed any short-term withdrawal symptoms. Preparatory counselling, strong rapport with the study team, and a sense of momentum once engaged in the study treatment were perceived as vital additional factors in achieving abstinence. In addition, participants reported a range of persisting positive changes beyond smoking cessation, including increased aesthetic appreciation, altruism, and pro-social behaviour.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the value of qualitative research in the psychopharmacological investigation of psychedelics. They describe perceived connections between drug- and non-drug factors, and provide suggestions for future research trial design and clinical applications.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2018-06-24",
            "publication_year": 2018,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881118780612",
            "pubmed_id": "29938565",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118780612",
            "keywords": "Humans, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Hallucinogens, Retrospective Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Interviews as Topic, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29938565\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":284,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W605446962\",\"https://openalex.org/W1492283962\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975879668\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996143523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012159028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013762461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018267671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020765068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025716661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043319570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053154970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053764826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063085086\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078129420\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116852450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118061336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139280107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141348739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145615919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160134066\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312874651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2427846517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626493232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3147372180\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235975748\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004186550\",\"display_name\":\"Tehseen Noorani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-0218\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002580794\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Cody Swift\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118780612\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action",
            "study_type": "Qualitative Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2809850625"
        },
        {
            "id": 2404,
            "title": "Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence: The role of emotion regulation.",
            "normalized_title": "psychedelic use and intimate partner violence the role of emotion regulation",
            "authors": "Thiessen MS, Walsh Z, Bird BM, Lafrance A.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that psychedelic use predicts reduced perpetration of intimate partner violence among men involved in the criminal justice system. However, the extent to which this association generalizes to community samples has not been examined, and potential mechanisms underlying this association have not been directly explored.AimsThe present study examined the association between lifetime psychedelic use and intimate partner violence among a community sample of men and women. The study also tested the extent to which the associations were mediated by improved emotion regulation.MethodsWe surveyed 1266 community members aged 16-70 (mean age=22.78, standard deviation =7.71) using an online questionnaire that queried substance use, emotional regulation, and intimate partner violence. Respondents were coded as psychedelic users if they reported one or more instance of using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms in their lifetime. Results/outcomes: Males reporting any experience using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms had decreased odds of perpetrating physical violence against their current partner (odds ratio=0.42, p",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2018-05-28",
            "publication_year": 2018,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881118771782",
            "pubmed_id": "29807492",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118771782",
            "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Emotions, Sex Factors, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intimate Partner Violence, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29807492\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2807286797\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2807286797\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":58,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173160171\",\"https://openalex.org/W208211972\",\"https://openalex.org/W563138297\",\"https://openalex.org/W648645029\",\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1514273299\",\"https://openalex.org/W1534746683\",\"https://openalex.org/W1548751499\",\"https://openalex.org/W1849190772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970677133\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972701654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980063428\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981653230\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983350514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983959076\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985069877\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996143523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003898298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017039362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023926679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025799918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027505610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036956513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037798270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048043118\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058208177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069847213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074503869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081064950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081810797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086617413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090826913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101403104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104057213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104300853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110608362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111101816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122630860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124910525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125887571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127111588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131806125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136084133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139084469\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147634556\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155914606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181040265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2270553246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337075201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2427846517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474588055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2530925494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250806749\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253507931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293735806\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113739986\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle S. Thiessen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112603217\",\"display_name\":\"Zach Walsh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091625925\",\"display_name\":\"Brian M. Bird\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-7087\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035542356\",\"display_name\":\"Adèle Lafrance\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-7786\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118771782\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Adolescents",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2807286797"
        },
        {
            "id": 2405,
            "title": "Increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.",
            "normalized_title": "increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment resistant depression",
            "authors": "Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL.",
            "abstract": "RationalePrevious research suggests that classical psychedelic compounds can induce lasting changes in personality traits, attitudes and beliefs in both healthy subjects and patient populations.AimHere we sought to investigate the effects of psilocybin on nature relatedness and libertarian-authoritarian political perspective in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).MethodsThis open-label pilot study with a mixed-model design studied the effects of psilocybin on measures of nature relatedness and libertarian-authoritarian political perspective in patients with moderate to severe TRD ( n=7) versus age-matched non-treated healthy control subjects ( n=7). Psilocybin was administered in two oral dosing sessions (10 mg and 25 mg) 1 week apart. Main outcome measures were collected 1 week and 7-12 months after the second dosing session. Nature relatedness and libertarian-authoritarian political perspective were assessed using the Nature Relatedness Scale (NR-6) and Political Perspective Questionnaire (PPQ-5), respectively.ResultsNature relatedness significantly increased ( t(6)=-4.242, p=0.003) and authoritarianism significantly decreased ( t(6)=2.120, p=0.039) for the patients 1 week after the dosing sessions. At 7-12 months post-dosing, nature relatedness remained significantly increased ( t(5)=-2.707, p=0.021) and authoritarianism remained decreased at trend level ( t(5)=-1.811, p=0.065). No differences were found on either measure for the non-treated healthy control subjects.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that psilocybin with psychological support might produce lasting changes in attitudes and beliefs. Although it would be premature to infer causality from this small study, the possibility of drug-induced changes in belief systems seems sufficiently intriguing and timely to deserve further investigation.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2018-01-16",
            "publication_year": 2018,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881117748902",
            "pubmed_id": "29338538",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117748902",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Severity of Illness Index, Case-Control Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Authoritarianism, Environment, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Politics, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29338538\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":176,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W88719000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1487419431\",\"https://openalex.org/W1503049217\",\"https://openalex.org/W1874088710\",\"https://openalex.org/W1954045752\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975798365\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976087027\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980375822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024532043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034911394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052710610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052727181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070109203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078891134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081676185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085039988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095060325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096417948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100531626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120527047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126129724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126990876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129907761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133404106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137505893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137785404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149416336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153140199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153433343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153649987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163984563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165646521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326917780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342939947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413285922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474879463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2562429857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2569848977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2716623847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737340334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909264944\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252815715\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292402161\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294494940\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117748902\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Personality Change,Observational Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 2437,
            "title": "The relationships of classic psychedelic use with criminal behavior in the United States adult population.",
            "normalized_title": "the relationships of classic psychedelic use with criminal behavior in the united states adult population",
            "authors": "Hendricks PS, Crawford MS, Cropsey KL, Copes H, Sweat NW, Walsh Z, Pavela G.",
            "abstract": "Criminal behavior exacts a large toll on society and is resistant to intervention. Some evidence suggests classic psychedelics may inhibit criminal behavior, but the extent of these effects has not been comprehensively explored. In this study, we tested the relationships of classic psychedelic use and psilocybin use per se with criminal behavior among over 480,000 United States adult respondents pooled from the last 13 available years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002 through 2014) while controlling for numerous covariates. Lifetime classic psychedelic use was associated with a reduced odds of past year larceny/theft (aOR = 0.73 (0.65-0.83)), past year assault (aOR = 0.88 (0.80-0.97)), past year arrest for a property crime (aOR = 0.78 (0.65-0.95)), and past year arrest for a violent crime (aOR = 0.82 (0.70-0.97)). In contrast, lifetime illicit use of other drugs was, by and large, associated with an increased odds of these outcomes. Lifetime classic psychedelic use, like lifetime illicit use of almost all other substances, was associated with an increased odds of past year drug distribution. Results were consistent with a protective effect of psilocybin for antisocial criminal behavior. These findings contribute to a compelling rationale for the initiation of clinical research with classic psychedelics, including psilocybin, in forensic settings.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2017-10-16",
            "publication_year": 2017,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881117735685",
            "pubmed_id": "29039233",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117735685",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Crime, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Criminals, Criminal Behavior, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29039233\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":90,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W192858080\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897139626\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976410688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986013461\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996143523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013883638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044469730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045324832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053798341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077181076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079605197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081181396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096706492\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107232050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111376665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123198796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129825571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133404106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135643379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136084133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138375257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143342156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162086569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164158534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167894329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2295905303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324093635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337075201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2427846517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546904752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234592455\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234878489\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239907871\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247654567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249270692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297723523\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004506349\",\"display_name\":\"Peter S. Hendricks\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088483781\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Crawford\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-400X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040663799\",\"display_name\":\"Karen L. Cropsey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-3440\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041960695\",\"display_name\":\"Heith Copes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-1837\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033574222\",\"display_name\":\"Noah W Sweat\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112603217\",\"display_name\":\"Zach Walsh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056627488\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory Pavela\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-4021\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117735685\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Observational Study,Adolescents",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2766270028"
        },
        {
            "id": 2438,
            "title": "Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors.",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin occasioned mystical type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors",
            "authors": "Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, Jesse R, MacLean KA, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA.",
            "abstract": "Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences with participant-attributed increases in well-being. However, little research has examined enduring changes in traits. This study administered psilocybin to participants who undertook a program of meditation/spiritual practices. Healthy participants were randomized to three groups (25 each): (1) very low-dose (1 mg/70 kg on sessions 1 and 2) with moderate-level (\"standard\") support for spiritual-practice (LD-SS); (2) high-dose (20 and 30 mg/70 kg on sessions 1 and 2, respectively) with standard support (HD-SS); and (3) high-dose (20 and 30 mg/70kg on sessions 1 and 2, respectively) with high support for spiritual practice (HD-HS). Psilocybin was administered double-blind and instructions to participants/staff minimized expectancy confounds. Psilocybin was administered 1 and 2 months after spiritual-practice initiation. Outcomes at 6 months included rates of spiritual practice and persisting effects of psilocybin. Compared with low-dose, high-dose psilocybin produced greater acute and persisting effects. At 6 months, compared with LD-SS, both high-dose groups showed large significant positive changes on longitudinal measures of interpersonal closeness, gratitude, life meaning/purpose, forgiveness, death transcendence, daily spiritual experiences, religious faith and coping, and community observer ratings. Determinants of enduring effects were psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience and rates of meditation/spiritual practices. Psilocybin can occasion enduring trait-level increases in prosocial attitudes/behaviors and in healthy psychological functioning. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00802282.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2017-10-10",
            "publication_year": 2017,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881117731279",
            "pubmed_id": "29020861",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117731279",
            "keywords": "Humans, Meditation, Longitudinal Studies, Double-Blind Method, Attitude, Behavior, Mysticism, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29020861\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":526,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W38293527\",\"https://openalex.org/W376897599\",\"https://openalex.org/W648645029\",\"https://openalex.org/W1536894734\",\"https://openalex.org/W1896027656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978877190\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000091857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014833927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015171494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016896419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025191880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034911394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041655523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056775433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065872378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077348308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078015017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083152069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083944585\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088864916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096713430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098705665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135198973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166796639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2321197668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2522268013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2716623847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2740713369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768841891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977878030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124281538\",\"https://openalex.org/W3141794695\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211035711\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229969541\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252855288\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039889194\",\"display_name\":\"William A. Richards\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-9249\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034785335\",\"display_name\":\"Brian D. Richards\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109843219\",\"display_name\":\"Robert L. Jesse\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110887388\",\"display_name\":\"Katherine A. MacLean\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025469924\",\"display_name\":\"Mary P Cosimano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019993904\",\"display_name\":\"Maggie A Klinedinst\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117731279\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Wellbeing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Healthy Volunteers",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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        },
        {
            "id": 2461,
            "title": "Lifetime experience with (classic) psychedelics predicts pro-environmental behavior through an increase in nature relatedness.",
            "normalized_title": "lifetime experience with classic psychedelics predicts pro environmental behavior through an increase in nature relatedness",
            "authors": "Forstmann M, Sagioglou C.",
            "abstract": "In a large-scale ( N = 1487) general population online study, we investigated the relationship between past experience with classic psychedelic substances (e.g. LSD, psilocybin, mescaline), nature relatedness, and ecological behavior (e.g. saving water, recycling). Using structural equation modeling we found that experience with classic psychedelics uniquely predicted self-reported engagement in pro-environmental behaviors, and that this relationship was statistically explained by people's degree of self-identification with nature. Our model controlled for experiences with other classes of psychoactive substances (cannabis, dissociatives, empathogens, popular legal drugs) as well as common personality traits that usually predict drug consumption and/or nature relatedness (openness to experience, conscientiousness, conservatism). Although correlational in nature, results suggest that lifetime experience with psychedelics in particular may indeed contribute to people's pro-environmental behavior by changing their self-construal in terms of an incorporation of the natural world, regardless of core personality traits or general propensity to consume mind-altering substances. Thereby, the present research adds to the contemporary literature on the beneficial effects of psychedelic substance use on mental wellbeing, hinting at a novel area for future research investigating their potentially positive effects on a societal level. Limitations of the present research and future directions are discussed.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2017-06-19",
            "publication_year": 2017,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881117714049",
            "pubmed_id": "28631526",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117714049",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Models, Psychological, Internet, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Young Adult, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28631526\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":153,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W179332213\",\"https://openalex.org/W196183360\",\"https://openalex.org/W382761338\",\"https://openalex.org/W1724366325\",\"https://openalex.org/W1913957972\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966850535\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971115514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974945208\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977215847\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980538438\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988940676\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992768649\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006763260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009317323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010516245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020765068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025756851\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026484120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032025917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054149100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079559446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082116732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087426400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090826913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100531626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100827418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108046512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108616861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120107374\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120527047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122570507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126302787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127349182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127605781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133365282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137872373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141708418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145462275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147742966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159827482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160805609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165120738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297557715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418441138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2465993615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513922847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600005825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768880881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900655816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942323442\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021855267\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122786119\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210732129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213431341\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301430340\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388055659\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058166923\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias Forstmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-183X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041146837\",\"display_name\":\"Christina Sagioglou\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117714049\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Observational Study,Adolescents",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2657342869"
        },
        {
            "id": 2468,
            "title": "An online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use.",
            "normalized_title": "an online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use",
            "authors": "Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Johnson PS, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "Data suggest psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of addictions, including tobacco dependence. This retrospective cross-sectional anonymous online survey characterized 358 individuals (52 females) who reported having quit or reduced smoking after ingesting a psychedelic in a non-laboratory setting ⩾1 year ago. On average, participants smoked 14 cigarettes/day for 8 years, and had five previous quit attempts before their psychedelic experience. Of the 358 participants, 38% reported continuous smoking cessation after psychedelic use (quitters). Among quitters, 74% reported >2 years' abstinence. Of the 358 participants, 28% reported a persisting reduction in smoking (reducers), from a mode of 300 cigarettes/month before, to a mode of 1 cigarette/month after the experience. Among reducers, 62% reported >2 years of reduced smoking. Finally, 34% of the 358 participants (relapsers) reported a temporary smoking reduction before returning to baseline smoking levels, with a mode time range to relapse of 3-6 months. Relapsers rated their psychedelic experience significantly lower in personal meaning and spiritual significance than both other groups. Participants across all groups reported less severe affective withdrawal symptoms (e.g. depression, craving) after psychedelic use compared with previous quit attempts, suggesting a potential mechanism of action for psychedelic-associated smoking cessation/reduction. Changes in life priorities/values were endorsed as the most important psychological factor associated with smoking cessation/reduction. Results suggest psychedelics may hold promise in treating tobacco addiction as potentially mediated by spiritual experience, changed priorities/values, and improved emotional regulation.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2017-01-17",
            "publication_year": 2017,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881116684335",
            "pubmed_id": "28095732",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116684335",
            "keywords": "Humans, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Hallucinogens, Health Surveys, Retrospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Smoking Reduction",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28095732\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":128,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1545232577\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1957998952\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964397853\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968972959\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970318334\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975107026\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983911930\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004525209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006293429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011293350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013762461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016744112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020765068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025716661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031941084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032391933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034911394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039460330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043530175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049865797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054806410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061221064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088429760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094933578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096571901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111920357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118061336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141348739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159742582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160823143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254090635\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082616184\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick S. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3970-2531\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116684335\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Observational Study",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2573408014"
        },
        {
            "id": 2495,
            "title": "Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial.",
            "normalized_title": "rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life threatening cancer a randomized controlled trial",
            "authors": "Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, Mennenga SE, Belser A, Kalliontzi K, Babb J, Su Z, Corby P, Schmidt BL.",
            "abstract": "BackgroundClinically significant anxiety and depression are common in patients with cancer, and are associated with poor psychiatric and medical outcomes. Historical and recent research suggests a role for psilocybin to treat cancer-related anxiety and depression.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 29 patients with cancer-related anxiety and depression were randomly assigned and received treatment with single-dose psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) or niacin, both in conjunction with psychotherapy. The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression assessed between groups prior to the crossover at 7 weeks.ResultsPrior to the crossover, psilocybin produced immediate, substantial, and sustained improvements in anxiety and depression and led to decreases in cancer-related demoralization and hopelessness, improved spiritual wellbeing, and increased quality of life. At the 6.5-month follow-up, psilocybin was associated with enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects (approximately 60-80% of participants continued with clinically significant reductions in depression or anxiety), sustained benefits in existential distress and quality of life, as well as improved attitudes towards death. The psilocybin-induced mystical experience mediated the therapeutic effect of psilocybin on anxiety and depression.ConclusionsIn conjunction with psychotherapy, single moderate-dose psilocybin produced rapid, robust and enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects in patients with cancer-related psychological distress.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00957359.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2016-11-30",
            "publication_year": 2016,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881116675512",
            "pubmed_id": "27909164",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675512",
            "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Hallucinogens, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Depression, Anxiety, Psychotherapy, Quality of Life, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
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Bossis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026405762\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Guss\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041698353\",\"display_name\":\"Gabrielle Agin-Liebes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-229X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072909845\",\"display_name\":\"Tara C. Malone\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102855622\",\"display_name\":\"Barry H Cohen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-1927\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087382833\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah E. Mennenga\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082087722\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Belser\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037957939\",\"display_name\":\"Krystallia Kalliontzi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052171046\",\"display_name\":\"James S. Babb\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1798-1186\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101987785\",\"display_name\":\"Zhe Su\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-6996\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001715618\",\"display_name\":\"Patricia Corby\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015929707\",\"display_name\":\"Brian L. Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2409-8984\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675512\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Randomized Controlled Trial,Observational Study,Cancer Patients",
            "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 2494,
            "title": "Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial.",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life threatening cancer a randomized double blind trial",
            "authors": "Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA.",
            "abstract": "Cancer patients often develop chronic, clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Previous studies suggest that psilocybin may decrease depression and anxiety in cancer patients. The effects of psilocybin were studied in 51 cancer patients with life-threatening diagnoses and symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. This randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial investigated the effects of a very low (placebo-like) dose (1 or 3 mg/70 kg) vs. a high dose (22 or 30 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin administered in counterbalanced sequence with 5 weeks between sessions and a 6-month follow-up. Instructions to participants and staff minimized expectancy effects. Participants, staff, and community observers rated participant moods, attitudes, and behaviors throughout the study. High-dose psilocybin produced large decreases in clinician- and self-rated measures of depressed mood and anxiety, along with increases in quality of life, life meaning, and optimism, and decreases in death anxiety. At 6-month follow-up, these changes were sustained, with about 80% of participants continuing to show clinically significant decreases in depressed mood and anxiety. Participants attributed improvements in attitudes about life/self, mood, relationships, and spirituality to the high-dose experience, with >80% endorsing moderately or greater increased well-being/life satisfaction. Community observer ratings showed corresponding changes. Mystical-type psilocybin experience on session day mediated the effect of psilocybin dose on therapeutic outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00465595.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2016-11-30",
            "publication_year": 2016,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881116675513",
            "pubmed_id": "27909165",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675513",
            "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Hallucinogens, Follow-Up Studies, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Attitude, Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27909165\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2167,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1659048389\",\"https://openalex.org/W1845447069\",\"https://openalex.org/W1849190772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964290581\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965295590\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966158258\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980958940\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981610704\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987414908\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988792451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989201634\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991353191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992694138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012504366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031343230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039746812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082535915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120051206\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136554267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149879755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153153465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166281097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166928505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170246810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340349159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2930381162\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216011893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217134939\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229598987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001783218\",\"display_name\":\"Michael A. Carducci\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-1215\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011609627\",\"display_name\":\"Annie Umbricht\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-5680\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039889194\",\"display_name\":\"William A. Richards\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-9249\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034785335\",\"display_name\":\"Brian D. Richards\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025469924\",\"display_name\":\"Mary P Cosimano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074995610\",\"display_name\":\"Margaret A. Klinedinst\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675513\",\"is_oa\":true}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Observational Study,Cancer Patients,Healthcare Workers",
            "study_type": "Clinical Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2558412547"
        },
        {
            "id": 2498,
            "title": "The Challenging Experience Questionnaire: Characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms.",
            "normalized_title": "the challenging experience questionnaire characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms",
            "authors": "Barrett FS, Bradstreet MP, Leoutsakos JS, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "Acute adverse psychological reactions to classic hallucinogens (\"bad trips\" or \"challenging experiences\"), while usually benign with proper screening, preparation, and support in controlled settings, remain a safety concern in uncontrolled settings (such as illicit use contexts). Anecdotal and case reports suggest potential adverse acute symptoms including affective (panic, depressed mood), cognitive (confusion, feelings of losing sanity), and somatic (nausea, heart palpitation) symptoms. Responses to items from several hallucinogen-sensitive questionnaires (Hallucinogen Rating Scale, the States of Consciousness Questionnaire, and the Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire) in an Internet survey of challenging experiences with the classic hallucinogen psilocybin were used to construct and validate a Challenging Experience Questionnaire. The stand-alone Challenging Experience Questionnaire was then validated in a separate sample. Seven Challenging Experience Questionnaire factors (grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia) provide a phenomenological profile of challenging aspects of experiences with psilocybin. Factor scores were associated with difficulty, meaningfulness, spiritual significance, and change in well-being attributed to the challenging experiences. The factor structure did not differ based on gender or prior struggle with anxiety or depression. The Challenging Experience Questionnaire provides a basis for future investigation of predictors and outcomes of challenging experiences with classic hallucinogens.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2016-11-16",
            "publication_year": 2016,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881116678781",
            "pubmed_id": "27856683",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116678781",
            "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Hallucinogens, Depression, Emotions, Affect, Anxiety, Adult, Female, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
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            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Case Report,Observational Study,Safety",
            "study_type": "Case Report",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2549202270"
        },
        {
            "id": 2500,
            "title": "Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: Acute and enduring positive and negative consequences.",
            "normalized_title": "survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms acute and enduring positive and negative consequences",
            "authors": "Carbonaro TM, Bradstreet MP, Barrett FS, MacLean KA, Jesse R, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "Acute and enduring adverse effects of psilocybin have been reported anecdotally, but have not been well characterized. For this study, 1993 individuals (mean age 30 yrs; 78% male) completed an online survey about their single most psychologically difficult or challenging experience (worst \"bad trip\") after consuming psilocybin mushrooms. Thirty-nine percent rated it among the top five most challenging experiences of his/her lifetime. Eleven percent put self or others at risk of physical harm; factors increasing the likelihood of risk included estimated dose, duration and difficulty of the experience, and absence of physical comfort and social support. Of the respondents, 2.6% behaved in a physically aggressive or violent manner and 2.7% received medical help. Of those whose experience occurred >1 year before, 7.6% sought treatment for enduring psychological symptoms. Three cases appeared associated with onset of enduring psychotic symptoms and three cases with attempted suicide. Multiple regression analysis showed degree of difficulty was positively associated, and duration was negatively associated, with enduring increases in well-being. Difficulty of experience was positively associated with dose. Despite difficulties, 84% endorsed benefiting from the experience. The incidence of risky behavior or enduring psychological distress is extremely low when psilocybin is given in laboratory studies to screened, prepared, and supported participants.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2016-08-29",
            "publication_year": 2016,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881116662634",
            "pubmed_id": "27578767",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116662634",
            "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Hallucinogens, Emotions, Eating, Adult, Female, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27578767\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":539,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W99126694\",\"https://openalex.org/W359263171\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970305111\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970807094\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015086459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025684297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042116862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069122038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107232050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150903999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166423316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332087446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2502147470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769266388\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252245481\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021875597\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew P. Bradstreet\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110887388\",\"display_name\":\"Katherine A. MacLean\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109843219\",\"display_name\":\"Robert L. Jesse\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116662634\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Safety",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2513336695"
        },
        {
            "id": 2542,
            "title": "Psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: a population study.",
            "normalized_title": "psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior a population study",
            "authors": "Johansen PØ, Krebs TS.",
            "abstract": "A recent large population study of 130,000 adults in the United States failed to find evidence for a link between psychedelic use (lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin or mescaline) and mental health problems. Using a new data set consisting of 135,095 randomly selected United States adults, including 19,299 psychedelic users, we examine the associations between psychedelic use and mental health. After adjusting for sociodemographics, other drug use and childhood depression, we found no significant associations between lifetime use of psychedelics and increased likelihood of past year serious psychological distress, mental health treatment, suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans and suicide attempt, depression and anxiety. We failed to find evidence that psychedelic use is an independent risk factor for mental health problems. Psychedelics are not known to harm the brain or other body organs or to cause addiction or compulsive use; serious adverse events involving psychedelics are extremely rare. Overall, it is difficult to see how prohibition of psychedelics can be justified as a public health measure.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2015-03-04",
            "publication_year": 2015,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881114568039",
            "pubmed_id": "25744618",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114568039",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Suicide, Attempted, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Adolescent, Adult, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25744618\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":299,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W86493770\",\"https://openalex.org/W171888871\",\"https://openalex.org/W832142260\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494326009\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603672910\",\"https://openalex.org/W1930038940\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965993892\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983580111\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983731006\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988574431\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996143523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996607457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013576699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021054271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021752411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031351940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035199049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045125835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055517081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066709094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108914738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112590707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130373985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137296158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155854964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156895313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161795125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2235419790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312475727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335042732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2338364818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2395647020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2397494586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409870141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2427846517\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240897905\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250575659\",\"https://openalex.org/W4256633715\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078179953\",\"display_name\":\"Pål-Ørjan Johansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022694095\",\"display_name\":\"Teri Suzanne Krebs\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114568039\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Adolescents,Safety,Adverse Events",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2097999899"
        },
        {
            "id": 2545,
            "title": "Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study.",
            "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted treatment for alcohol dependence a proof of concept study",
            "authors": "Bogenschutz MP, Forcehimes AA, Pommy JA, Wilcox CE, Barbosa PC, Strassman RJ.",
            "abstract": "UnlabelledSeveral lines of evidence suggest that classic (5HT2A agonist) hallucinogens have clinically relevant effects in alcohol and drug addiction. Although recent studies have investigated the effects of psilocybin in various populations, there have been no studies on the efficacy of psilocybin for alcohol dependence. We conducted a single-group proof-of-concept study to quantify acute effects of psilocybin in alcohol-dependent participants and to provide preliminary outcome and safety data. Ten volunteers with DSM-IV alcohol dependence received orally administered psilocybin in one or two supervised sessions in addition to Motivational Enhancement Therapy and therapy sessions devoted to preparation for and debriefing from the psilocybin sessions. Participants' responses to psilocybin were qualitatively similar to those described in other populations. Abstinence did not increase significantly in the first 4 weeks of treatment (when participants had not yet received psilocybin), but increased significantly following psilocybin administration (p < 0.05). Gains were largely maintained at follow-up to 36 weeks. The intensity of effects in the first psilocybin session (at week 4) strongly predicted change in drinking during weeks 5-8 (r = 0.76 to r = 0.89) and also predicted decreases in craving and increases in abstinence self-efficacy during week 5. There were no significant treatment-related adverse events. These preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for controlled trials with larger samples to investigate efficacy and mechanisms.Trial registrationNCT02061293.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2015-01-12",
            "publication_year": 2015,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881114565144",
            "pubmed_id": "25586396",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114565144",
            "keywords": "Humans, Alcoholism, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Alcohol Drinking, Motivation, Time Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25586396\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1161,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W54728729\",\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W159676469\",\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W376897599\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W621567176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1475474724\",\"https://openalex.org/W1560741048\",\"https://openalex.org/W1896027656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968488639\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973405277\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982006269\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999336162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009271136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012834083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016774883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031398681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037776127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043530175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056852922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061900306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076029586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079490870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079836081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080464850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082206299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082483310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086552507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088140721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090179920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098258137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102582267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108556733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111139037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120356707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123282949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129977009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150894903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166262899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169216780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297304494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319975253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408251447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419156332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474274656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607365596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973687702\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018382390\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196761093\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217134939\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232615320\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239785504\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249571112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300870773\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075574900\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa A. Forcehimes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109907760\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica A. Pommy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079953298\",\"display_name\":\"Claire Wilcox\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-7357\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108481782\",\"display_name\":\"PCR Barbosa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113712322\",\"display_name\":\"Rick J. Strassman\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114565144\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Adverse Events",
            "study_type": "Qualitative Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2075238613"
        },
        {
            "id": 2555,
            "title": "Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction.",
            "normalized_title": "pilot study of the 5 ht2ar agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction",
            "authors": "Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Cosimano MP, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies (typically",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2014-09-10",
            "publication_year": 2014,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881114548296",
            "pubmed_id": "25213996",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114548296",
            "keywords": "Humans, Tobacco Use Disorder, Carbon Monoxide, Cotinine, Nicotinic Agonists, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Pilot Projects, Attitude, Behavior, Addictive, Smoking Cessation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Biomarkers, Psilocybin, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25213996\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":907,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W579597471\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1475474724\",\"https://openalex.org/W1492283962\",\"https://openalex.org/W1588882127\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971596397\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989421682\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991997587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010214743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013762461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025716661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039460330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043319570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046087798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051572188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065987376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070626685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091372286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097155663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105805129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107200746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111724200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115129983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118061336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141096096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141348739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145615919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146132158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150903999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164386461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2228339316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297304494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417827962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513619552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612308268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621586846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236409797\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239777125\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025469924\",\"display_name\":\"Mary P Cosimano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114548296\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Safety",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2122459973"
        },
        {
            "id": 2569,
            "title": "Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): prevalence, user characteristics and abuse liability in a large global sample.",
            "normalized_title": "dimethyltryptamine dmt prevalence user characteristics and abuse liability in a large global sample",
            "authors": "Winstock AR, Kaar S, Borschmann R.",
            "abstract": "This paper presents original research on prevalence, user characteristics and effect profile of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a potent hallucinogenic which acts primarily through the serotonergic system. Data were obtained from the Global Drug Survey (an anonymous online survey of people, many of whom have used drugs) conducted between November and December 2012 with 22,289 responses. Lifetime prevalence of DMT use was 8.9% (n=1980) and past year prevalence use was 5.0% (n=1123). We explored the effect profile of DMT in 472 participants who identified DMT as the last new drug they had tried for the first time and compared it with ratings provided by other respondents on psilocybin (magic mushrooms), LSD and ketamine. DMT was most often smoked and offered a strong, intense, short-lived psychedelic high with relatively few negative effects or \"come down\". It had a larger proportion of new users compared with the other substances (24%), suggesting its popularity may increase. Overall, DMT seems to have a very desirable effect profile indicating a high abuse liability that maybe offset by a low urge to use more.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2013-11-26",
            "publication_year": 2013,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881113513852",
            "pubmed_id": "24284475",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113513852",
            "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Prevalence, Behavior, Addictive, Adult, United States, Australia, Europe, Male, Drug Users, Young Adult, United Kingdom, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24284475\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2006293429\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2006293429\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":101,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70378666\",\"https://openalex.org/W1514803957\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992051020\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992234519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997394620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999585620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000770626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000909913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004525209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010919671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030932324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037891934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039286002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056758002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058047079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064958196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105342126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110422029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112854905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116852450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125368083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141767084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145384691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156120803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160823143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160850152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2339594835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2472893119\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067738102\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Winstock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-8015\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026331321\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen J. Kaar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-0806\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059486416\",\"display_name\":\"Rohan Borschmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-7775\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113513852\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Observational Study,Abuse Liability",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2006293429"
        },
        {
            "id": 2578,
            "title": "Psychiatry's next top model: cause for a re-think on drug models of psychosis and other psychiatric disorders.",
            "normalized_title": "psychiatry s next top model cause for a re think on drug models of psychosis and other psychiatric disorders",
            "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Brugger S, Nutt DJ, Stone JM.",
            "abstract": "Despite the widespread application of drug modelling in psychiatric research, the relative value of different models has never been formally compared in the same analysis. Here we compared the effects of five drugs (cannabis, psilocybin, amphetamine, ketamine and alcohol) in relation to psychiatric symptoms in a two-part subjective analysis. In the first part, mental health professionals associated statements referring to specific experiences, for example 'I don't bother to get out of bed', to one or more psychiatric symptom clusters, for example depression and negative psychotic symptoms. This measured the specificity of an experience for a particular disorder. In the second part, individuals with personal experience with each of the above-listed drugs were asked how reliably each drug produced the experiences listed in part 1, both acutely and sub-acutely. Part 1 failed to find any experiences that were specific for negative or cognitive psychotic symptoms over depression. The best model of positive symptoms was psilocybin and the best models overall were the acute alcohol and amphetamine models of mania. These results challenge current assumptions about drug models and motivate further research on this understudied area.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2013-06-18",
            "publication_year": 2013,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881113494107",
            "pubmed_id": "23784738",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113494107",
            "keywords": "Humans, Cannabis, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Ethanol, Amphetamine, Ketamine, Pilot Projects, Mental Disorders, Psychiatry, Female, Male, Drug Users, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23784738\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1982429022\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1982429022\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":43,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W161649858\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964167179\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986571862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006936427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016770185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017358382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027656344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028498302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028884770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029674061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037722480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045243340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053347807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065540111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070461647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077239925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079417531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085688415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090124411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106292424\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119265191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129374552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138368199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144598750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145731152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149317326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160695817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171056452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2734455806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2930381162\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187277950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109246392\",\"display_name\":\"RL Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058340620\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Brugger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-8173\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113762702\",\"display_name\":\"DJ Nutt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053590250\",\"display_name\":\"James Stone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-0135\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113494107\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Depression",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1982429022"
        },
        {
            "id": 2612,
            "title": "Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness.",
            "normalized_title": "mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness",
            "authors": "MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.",
            "abstract": "A large body of evidence, including longitudinal analyses of personality change, suggests that core personality traits are predominantly stable after age 30. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated changes in personality in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event. Intriguingly, double-blind controlled studies have shown that the classic hallucinogen psilocybin occasions personally and spiritually significant mystical experiences that predict long-term changes in behaviors, attitudes and values. In the present report we assessed the effect of psilocybin on changes in the five broad domains of personality - Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Consistent with participant claims of hallucinogen-occasioned increases in aesthetic appreciation, imagination, and creativity, we found significant increases in Openness following a high-dose psilocybin session. In participants who had mystical experiences during their psilocybin session, Openness remained significantly higher than baseline more than 1 year after the session. The findings suggest a specific role for psilocybin and mystical-type experiences in adult personality change.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2011-09-27",
            "publication_year": 2011,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881111420188",
            "pubmed_id": "21956378",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111420188",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Longitudinal Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Double-Blind Method, Attitude, Behavior, Personality, Mysticism, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Young Adult, Psilocybin, Extraversion, Psychological",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21956378\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":906,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W32988948\",\"https://openalex.org/W1496593078\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974789292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990730254\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018175027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018616670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030709243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031343230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033642053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034911394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040661201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064822410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080464850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083152069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086552507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087753482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099465598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100773499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108096958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117216992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117834601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124791354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130347526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143117643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145610919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164158534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165428257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169485613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169723040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172124190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2184086296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2184493925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2502120236\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238598557\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110887388\",\"display_name\":\"Katherine A. MacLean\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111420188\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Personality Change,Creativity,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2118739111"
        },
        {
            "id": 2613,
            "title": "Differential contributions of serotonin receptors to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in mice.",
            "normalized_title": "differential contributions of serotonin receptors to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in mice",
            "authors": "Halberstadt AL, Koedood L, Powell SB, Geyer MA.",
            "abstract": "Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a hallucinogen that acts as an agonist at 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), and 5-HT(2C) receptors. Psilocin is the active metabolite of psilocybin, a hallucinogen that is currently being investigated clinically as a potential therapeutic agent. In the present investigation, we used a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches to identify the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes responsible for mediating the effects of psilocin on head twitch response (HTR) and the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) in C57BL/6J mice. We also compared the effects of psilocin with those of the putative 5-HT(2C) receptor-selective agonist 1-methylpsilocin and the hallucinogen and non-selective serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). Psilocin, 1-methylpsilocin, and 5-MeO-DMT induced the HTR, effects that were absent in mice lacking the 5-HT(2A) receptor gene. When tested in the BPM, psilocin decreased locomotor activity, holepoking, and time spent in the center of the chamber, effects that were blocked by the selective 5-HT(1A) antagonist WAY-100635 but were not altered by the selective 5-HT(2C) antagonist SB242,084 or by 5-HT(2A) receptor gene deletion. 5-MeO-DMT produced similar effects when tested in the BPM, and the action of 5-MeO-DMT was significantly attenuated by WAY-100635. Psilocin and 5-MeO-DMT also decreased the linearity of locomotor paths, effects that were mediated by 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(1A) receptors, respectively. In contrast to psilocin and 5-MeO-DMT, 1-methylpsilocin (0.6-9.6 mg/kg) was completely inactive in the BPM. These findings confirm that psilocin acts as an agonist at 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), and 5-HT(2C) receptors in mice, whereas the behavioral effects of 1-methylpsilocin indicate that this compound is acting at 5-HT(2A) sites but is inactive at the 5-HT(1A) receptor. The fact that 1-methylpsilocin displays greater pharmacological selectivity than psilocin indicates that 1-methylpsilocin represents a potentially useful alternative to psilocybin for development as a potential therapeutic agent.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2010-12-07",
            "publication_year": 2010,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881110388326",
            "pubmed_id": "21148021",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110388326",
            "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, Piperazines, Pyridines, Receptors, Serotonin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Motor Activity, Male, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21148021\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":212,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W118892363\",\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W575369285\",\"https://openalex.org/W594743044\",\"https://openalex.org/W1798489567\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975006228\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977517471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979963125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980348146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983664386\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990167177\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003186360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008184625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009632756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018392992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034894507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039449090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046209054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059076739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061239557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074270863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079767249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095356255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099797657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109392617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117093911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127165654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133883414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147379823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154308586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165450714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2247842009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407151076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409801431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248063358\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036162393\",\"display_name\":\"Adam L. Halberstadt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-5829\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068195723\",\"display_name\":\"Liselore Koedood\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068995258\",\"display_name\":\"Susan B. Powell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-9300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110388326\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study",
            "study_type": "Animal Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2107441654"
        },
        {
            "id": 2615,
            "title": "Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies.",
            "normalized_title": "acute subacute and long term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans a pooled analysis of experimental studies",
            "authors": "Studerus E, Kometer M, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.",
            "abstract": "Psilocybin and related hallucinogenic compounds are increasingly used in human research. However, due to limited information about potential subjective side effects, the controlled medical use of these compounds has remained controversial. We therefore analysed acute, short- and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans by pooling raw data from eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The analysis included 110 healthy subjects who had received 1-4 oral doses of psilocybin (45-315 µg/kg body weight). Although psilocybin dose-dependently induced profound changes in mood, perception, thought and self-experience, most subjects described the experience as pleasurable, enriching and non-threatening. Acute adverse drug reactions, characterized by strong dysphoria and/or anxiety/panic, occurred only in the two highest dose conditions in a relatively small proportion of subjects. All acute adverse drug reactions were successfully managed by providing interpersonal support and did not need psychopharmacological intervention. Follow-up questionnaires indicated no subsequent drug abuse, persisting perception disorders, prolonged psychosis or other long-term impairment of functioning in any of our subjects. The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2010-09-19",
            "publication_year": 2010,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881110382466",
            "pubmed_id": "20855349",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110382466",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Follow-Up Studies, Double-Blind Method, Affect, Perception, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
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            "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Observational Study,Safety,Adverse Events",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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            "publication_status": "published",
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        },
        {
            "id": 2616,
            "title": "The administration of psilocybin to healthy, hallucinogen-experienced volunteers in a mock-functional magnetic resonance imaging environment: a preliminary investigation of tolerability.",
            "normalized_title": "the administration of psilocybin to healthy hallucinogen experienced volunteers in a mock functional magnetic resonance imaging environment a preliminary investigation of tolerability",
            "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Williams TM, Sessa B, Tyacke RJ, Rich AS, Feilding A, Nutt DJ.",
            "abstract": "This study sought to assess the tolerability of intravenously administered psilocybin in healthy, hallucinogen-experienced volunteers in a mock-magnetic resonance imaging environment as a preliminary stage to a controlled investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the effects of psilocybin on cerebral blood flow and activity. The present pilot study demonstrated that up to 2 mg of psilocybin delivered as a slow intravenous injection produces short-lived but typical drug effects that are psychologically and physiologically well tolerated. With appropriate care, this study supports the viability of functional magnetic resonance imaging work with psilocybin.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2010-04-14",
            "publication_year": 2010,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881110367445",
            "pubmed_id": "20395317",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110367445",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Injections, Intravenous, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Drug Tolerance, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20395317\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":53,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W60326299\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076780080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324093635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802856933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2857765758\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081065269\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Sessa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-6060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108727800\",\"display_name\":\"Robin J. Tyacke\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111940587\",\"display_name\":\"Ann Rich\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110367445\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Aging,Safety",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
            "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2051426845"
        },
        {
            "id": 2653,
            "title": "Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later.",
            "normalized_title": "mystical type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later",
            "authors": "Griffiths R, Richards W, Johnson M, McCann U, Jesse R.",
            "abstract": "Psilocybin has been used for centuries for religious purposes; however, little is known scientifically about its long-term effects. We previously reported the effects of a double-blind study evaluating the psychological effects of a high psilocybin dose. This report presents the 14-month follow-up and examines the relationship of the follow-up results to data obtained at screening and on drug session days. Participants were 36 hallucinogen-naïve adults reporting regular participation in religious/ spiritual activities. Oral psilocybin (30 mg/70 kg) was administered on one of two or three sessions, with methylphenidate (40 mg/70 kg) administered on the other session(s). During sessions, volunteers were encouraged to close their eyes and direct their attention inward. At the 14-month follow-up, 58% and 67%, respectively, of volunteers rated the psilocybin-occasioned experience as being among the five most personally meaningful and among the five most spiritually significant experiences of their lives; 64% indicated that the experience increased well-being or life satisfaction; 58% met criteria for having had a 'complete' mystical experience. Correlation and regression analyses indicated a central role of the mystical experience assessed on the session day in the high ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance at follow-up. Of the measures of personality, affect, quality of life and spirituality assessed across the study, only a scale measuring mystical experience showed a difference from screening. When administered under supportive conditions, psilocybin occasioned experiences similar to spontaneously occurring mystical experiences that, at 14-month follow-up, were considered by volunteers to be among the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant of their lives.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2008-06-30",
            "publication_year": 2008,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881108094300",
            "pubmed_id": "18593735",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108094300",
            "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Administration, Oral, Follow-Up Studies, Affect, Personality, Spirituality, Knowledge, Time Factors, Quality of Life, Religion, Mysticism, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"18593735\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":882,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W359263171\",\"https://openalex.org/W376897599\",\"https://openalex.org/W1269562257\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966592369\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988535618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988792451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058045605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067384745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097739268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098292317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112884745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117834601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120356707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164158534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166262899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297304494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332087446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412554478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474274656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2480710602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2525527162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2930381162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952215439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977477641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980097029\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075410550\",\"display_name\":\"R. R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110217483\",\"display_name\":\"WA Richards\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103543660\",\"display_name\":\"MW Johnson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076689506\",\"display_name\":\"UD McCann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109843219\",\"display_name\":\"Robert L. Jesse\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108094300\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Wellbeing,Personality Change,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Observational Study",
            "study_type": "Observational Study",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
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        },
        {
            "id": 2670,
            "title": "Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and its attentional modulation in the human S-ketamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) models of psychosis.",
            "normalized_title": "prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and its attentional modulation in the human s ketamine and n n dimethyltryptamine dmt models of psychosis",
            "authors": "Heekeren K, Neukirch A, Daumann J, Stoll M, Obradovic M, Kovar KA, Geyer MA, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E.",
            "abstract": "Patients with schizophrenia exhibit diminished prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex and deficits in the attentional modulation of PPI. Pharmacological challenges with hallucinogens are used as models for psychosis in both humans and animals. Remarkably, in contrast to the findings in schizophrenic patients and in animal hallucinogen models of psychosis, previous studies with healthy volunteers demonstrated increased levels of PPI after administration of low to moderate doses of either the antiglutamatergic hallucinogen ketamine or the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of moderate and high doses of the serotonergic hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist S-ketamine on PPI and its attentional modulation in humans. Fifteen healthy volunteers were included in a double-blind cross-over study with two doses of DMT and S-ketamine. Effects on PPI and its attentional modulation were investigated. Nine subjects completed both experimental days with the two doses of both drugs. S-ketamine increased PPI in both dosages, whereas DMT had no significant effects on PPI. S-ketamine decreased and DMT tended to decrease startle magnitude. There were no significant effects of either drug on the attentional modulation of PPI. In human experimental hallucinogen psychoses, and even with high, clearly psychotogenic doses of DMT or S-ketamine, healthy subjects failed to exhibit the predicted attenuation of PPI. In contrast, PPI was augmented and the startle magnitude was decreased after S-ketamine. These data point to important differences between human hallucinogen models and both animal hallucinogen models of psychosis and naturally occurring schizophrenia.",
            "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology",
            "publication_date": "2007-04-30",
            "publication_year": 2007,
            "doi": "10.1177/0269881107077734",
            "pubmed_id": "17591658",
            "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881107077734",
            "keywords": "Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Substance-Related Disorders, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Ketamine, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Psychomotor Performance, Attention, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Reflex, Startle",
            "substance_tags": "psilocybin",
            "source_name": "Europe PMC",
            "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14",
            "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41",
            "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17591658\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2006900274\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2006900274\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":49,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W129593420\",\"https://openalex.org/W1914381346\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975180862\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979267292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980967004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012786085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018101275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031079134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041153769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048287572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061443619\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065086912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067071072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077239925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077485423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085747483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087806591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090979638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093439527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097759310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116837408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121779801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127702112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129582923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169207844\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021847224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248199886\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061860701\",\"display_name\":\"Karsten Heekeren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039142254\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Neukirch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042119216\",\"display_name\":\"Jörg Daumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-1787\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113018621\",\"display_name\":\"M. Stoll\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038220909\",\"display_name\":\"M. Obradovic\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110061565\",\"display_name\":\"K.-A. Kovar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033767146\",\"display_name\":\"Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-4578\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881107077734\",\"is_oa\":false}}}",
            "topic_tags": "Healthy Volunteers",
            "study_type": "Other",
            "hidden": 0,
            "false_positive": 0,
            "curation_notes": null,
            "merged_into_id": null,
            "curation_locked": 0,
            "publication_status": "published",
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    ]
}