{ "meta": { "tracker_site_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com", "publication_tracker_url": "https://psilocybin-research.com/", "generated_at_utc": "2026-07-11 02:08:06", "record_count": 1363 }, "papers": [ { "id": 301, "title": "Contribution of the Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor to the Therapeutic Effect of Psilocin on Social Behavior Deficits in Mice Repeatedly Exposed to Social Defeat Stress", "normalized_title": "contribution of the serotonin 5 ht2a receptor to the therapeutic effect of psilocin on social behavior deficits in mice repeatedly exposed to social defeat stress", "authors": "Ibi Daisuke, Takaba Rika, Yoshida Keisuke, Kawase Ririna, Kitagawa Hiroko, Matsushita Momoko, Ito Kana, Uno Shoya, Nishimura Fumiya, Kitagaki Shinji, Hiramatsu Masayuki", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) exert hallucinogenic effects through stimulation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) in the cerebral cortex. In recent years, numerous reports have demonstrated that psychedelics are effective in treating various psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and anxiety-related disorders. We have previously reported that administration of psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, produces antidepressant-like effects in mice. Furthermore, we found that this effect is mediated by 5-HT2AR activation. Since depression and other psychiatric disorders often lead to impairments in social behavior (e.g., social avoidance), the present study examined the effects of psilocin on social avoidance behavior in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a widely used model that closely models human psychosocial stress. Mice exposed to CSDS exhibited social avoidance behavior, whereas psilocin administration before the onset of CSDS had little effect on this behavior. In contrast, psilocin administration after the completion of CSDS ameliorated social avoidance in CSDS-exposed mice. This effect was blocked by pretreatment with a 5-HT2AR antagonist, indicating that psilocin exerts its therapeutic effects through 5-HT2AR activation. Taken together, psilocin exerts therapeutic effects on social avoidance behavior after stress through activation of 5-HT2AR, but not preventive effects when administered before stress, suggesting that psilocin may promote stress resilience rather than resistance.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology Reports", "publication_date": "2026-08-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/npr2.70152", "pubmed_id": "42379141", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.70152", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-07 01:20:41", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.1002/npr2.70152\",\"reference_dois\":[\"10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.020\",\"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285\",\"10.1007/s00210‐023‐02778‐x\",\"10.3390/pharmaceutics17040411\",\"10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689\",\"10.1542/peds.2008‐1215\",\"10.1186/s12888‐023‐04681‐4\",\"10.1073/pnas.2312662120\",\"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.009\",\"10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.012\",\"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.029\",\"10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.015\",\"10.1038/nprot.2011.361\",\"10.1016/s0031‐9384(01)00490‐5\",\"10.1111/ejn.15812\",\"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.016\",\"10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00493\",\"10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.008\",\"10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.017\"],\"reference_count\":19,\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166665532\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166665532\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970090557\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977593923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430804118\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783004241\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127490177\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206083694\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293199581\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312054389\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389040484\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408808337\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139664214\",\"display_name\":\"Daisuke Ibi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076092672\",\"display_name\":\"Rika Takaba\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079107661\",\"display_name\":\"Keisuke Yoshida\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-9418\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108412221\",\"display_name\":\"R. Kawase\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048244424\",\"display_name\":\"Hiroko Kitagawa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139661865\",\"display_name\":\"Momoko Matsushita\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139634014\",\"display_name\":\"Kana Ito\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030080970\",\"display_name\":\"Shoya Uno\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139632842\",\"display_name\":\"Fumiya Nishimura\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014830673\",\"display_name\":\"Shinji Kitagaki\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-7773\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139711108\",\"display_name\":\"Masayuki Hiramatsu\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210189692\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.70152\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Resilience,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166665532" }, { "id": 3502, "title": "PSilocybin Microdose for psYCHological and Existential Distress in PALliative Care (PSYCHED-PAL): A Multi-site Phase 3 Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-arm Clinical Trial", "normalized_title": "psilocybin microdose for psychological and existential distress in palliative care psyched pal a multi site phase 3 double blind placebo controlled parallel arm clinical trial", "authors": "Bruyère Health Research Institute.", "abstract": "About 30-50% of patients with advanced illness experience depression, anxiety, or decreased sense of purpose and autonomy. Together, these are called psychological distress. Treatment options such as medication and therapy are available; however, they do not always work and can be time-consuming and expensive. We need treatments that work well, quickly, and can be available to all patients with advanced illness who have psychological distress. Psilocybin, a psychedelic medication (commonly called 'magic mushrooms') works well for improving psychological distress in people with cancer or chronic illness when given in high doses with specific forms of therapy. However, psilocybin has not been well-studied among people with advanced illness, and there are concerns about safety and side effects in people approaching the end of life. However, reports on psilocybin microdosing, which involves taking small doses that do not cause hallucinations and do not require therapy, suggest that this may be effective, safer, and more acceptable for people with advanced illness. We recently completed a small study of psilocybin microdosing. Our results showed psilocybin microdose improved psychological distress in most participants with advanced illness, without serious side effects. Our next step is to do a randomized clinical trial where some patients receive psilocybin microdose and some receive placebo (a drug that contains no medicinal ingredients). By comparing these two groups, we can remove the possibility that improvements in symptoms are only because patients thought they were getting treatment. We will enroll 120 patients from inpatient, outpatient, and community care settings across seven sites. Participants in the microdose psilocybin group will receive 2 or 3 mg of psilocybin daily, 4 days per week, for two consecutive weeks. The placebo group will receive placebo with the same treatment schedule. All participants will be offered microdose psilocybin after 2-week follow-up. If this study is successful, we have the potential to change how psychological distress is managed in patients with advanced illness. Patients with advanced illness report feeling a sense of hopelessness, loss of autonomy and relationships, and a lack of purpose in life. These feelings of psychological suffering have been described as \"existential distress\" and are associated with poor outcomes, including decreased medication adherence and quality of life, increased desire for hastened death and rates of suicide, and has been identified as a primary reason why individuals pursue medical assistance in dying (MAiD). Current treatments for psychological and existential suffering have low efficacy and are challenging to use in a palliative context. Pharmacological approaches for treating psychological suffering may reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, but evidence to support their efficacy in palliative care (PC) is underwhelming. Antidepressant and anxiolytic medications also take time to work and can cause serious side effects such as falls and confusion, which can be substantial deterrents for patients. Similarly, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have demonstrated psychotherapeutic interventions show limited benefit in a PC population. Further, psychotherapy can be time consuming and slow to work, which is not ideal for patients with limited life expectancy. Given the burden of psychological and existential distress among patients followed by PC providers, there is a need to develop scalable, brief, and rapidly effective therapeutic approaches to reduce this distress. Psychedelic medications offer an innovative, safe, complementary approach to address psychological and existential suffering in patients receiving PC. Studies from the 1950's showed serotonergic hallucinogens (\"psychedelics\") improved depression and anxiety symptoms in cancer patients. However, legislative changes restricted the use of these medications in clinical care and research. Interest in psychedelic medications has been rekindled by two recently published RCTs that studied the use of psilocybin (a mushroom-derived 5HT2A agonist) during a single psychotherapeutic session in cancer patients with anxiety and/or depression. These trials demonstrated rapid, clinically meaningful, and long-lasting reductions in depressed mood and/or anxiety symptoms and improvements in quality of life and death acceptance. Although the exact mechanism by which psilocybin affects mood symptoms is unclear, functional MRI studies of the brain show psilocybin disrupts the functional connectivity between anterior hippocampus (involved in memory and anticipation of future events) and the default mode network (associated with anhedonia and rumination on negative themes). There is also evidence suggesting psilocybin microdosing - taking sub-hallucinogenic doses continuously over longer time periods, rather than a one-time hallucinogenic dose - can improve mood and anxiety. The effects of microdosing, however, have not been rigorously evaluated, particularly in patients with life limiting illness. Results from recent trials are encouraging but knowledge gaps remain. First, studies to date primarily enrolled patients with localized disease who experience different distress than that of patients with advanced disease who are near the end of life. Second, it is unclear if Canadians would find psilocybin an attractive option in the context of MAiD legalization, which provides an alternative option for patients with severe psychological suffering. Third, there is no empirical research on the therapeutic effects of psilocybin microdosing, as most studies have followed macrodosing protocols. While preliminary efficacy of macrodosing has been demonstrated, there are important barriers to administering this therapy in a PC context. Previous trials had slow recruitment rates, suggesting there may be barriers related to the acceptability of psilocybin macrodosing from the perspectives of patients and families. Macrodosing requires the patient to dedicate an entire day to participating in a guided hallucinogenic experience and remain in an acute care setting where they can be closely monitored. It also requires patients to engage in preparatory sessions with monitors and a post-therapy session. In a PC context, this time commitment may not be acceptable or feasible for patients who are nearing the end of life. Macrodosing requires at least two trained moderators to guide the patient through their psychedelic experience and facilitate the pre- and post-dosing sessions. In most PC settings, it is not feasible to have clinicians dedicate two days to a single patient, thus limiting the scalability of this intervention. Anecdotally, concerns about the safety of high-dose psilocybin in the terminally ill, as well as access to psychotherapy, may also be substantial barriers in this population. Moreover, randomized trials of psychedelic medications are methodologically challenging because patients cannot be blinded to having a psychedelic experience. This \"functional unblinding\" was one major reason why the US FDA chose not to approve psychedelic medication for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in August 2024, despite strongly positive trial results. Psilocybin microdosing may be safer and more feasible than psilocybin macrodosing in palliative setting. Psychedelic microdosing involves taking 5-10% of a psychedelic dose of a substance such as psilocybin on a regular basis (daily or several times per week). It does not produce a psychedelic experience, nor does it involve psychotherapy, but large surveys and anecdotal reports suggest that microdosing produces substantial and sustained improvements in mood and anxiety symptoms without any important side effects. By removing the requirement for trained moderators, minimizing the time commitment required of patients, eliminating the hallucinogenic effects of the therapy, and allowing patients to receive treatment either as an inpatient or in the community, microdosing may be a more acceptable option to patients and families and allow psychedelic therapy to be scalable across various PC settings. We have completed a phase 2 dose-finding and proof of concept study for microdosing psilocybin in people with advanced illness receiving PC. Using progressively increasing microdoses of psilocybin over a 3-week period (from 1 mg to 3 mg daily), we found that a large proportion of participants experienced dramatic improvements in their psychological distress, with minimal side effects. This effect was durable after stopping the medication but diminished after 4 weeks. Given the encouraging findings from our phase 2 study, and the potential feasibility, scalability, and safety of psilocybin microdosing for a population with few effective options, proceeding to a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial is warranted. Objectives Primary Objectives: To determine the efficacy of microdose psilocybin for improving psychological distress among patients with advanced illness followed by a palliative care provider. Secondary Objectives: 1. Assess whether microdose psilocybin improves quality of life and desire to die among patients with advanced illness followed by a palliative care provider. 2. Determine the safety of long-term (up to 1 year) use of psilocybin microdose to treat psychological distress among patients with advanced illness followed by a palliative care provider. Open-Label Access and Extension Phase Following the primary study 2-week follow-up completion, all participants will have the option to participate in an open-label access phase. In this phase, participants will be offered open-label psilocybin for two consecutive weeks (same dosing and schedule as the primary study). Two weeks after the access phase has been completed, all participants will have the option to participate in the open-label extension period for up to 1 year. The open-label extension will follow a three-week dosing cycle, where all participants will take psilocybin microdoses for two consecutive weeks, and then no doses on the third week, before starting the cycle again. The open-label and open-label extension phase include safety and primary and secondary outcomes (see Outcome Measures), in line with the primary study protocol. Sample Size We require a sample size of 60 patients per arm (120 patients in total). This assumes a 20% loss to attrition/deterioration and 10% withdrawal (based on our phase 2 study). This sample would have 80% power to detect a change of 0.30 from 30% PGIC response (control) to 60% PGIC response (intervention) at last treatment day, corresponding to an effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.61. Statistical Analysis We will follow an intent-to-treat approach. We will use chi-square tests to compare the proportion of participants in the microdose psilocybin vs. placebo arm with a PGIC score of ≥5 at the last day of treatment and at 2-week follow-up, and to compare the proportion of participants who demonstrate a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in secondary efficacy outcomes. To minimize type I error, a correction will be performed on the multiple secondary endpoint analyses. Safety and feasibility outcomes will be analyzed using descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-07-09", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07063862", "keywords": "Psychological Distress, Psilocybin, Placebo, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:24:11", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07063862\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE3\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Microdosing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Observational Study,Cancer Patients,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3467, "title": "PSilocybin for psYCHological and Existential Distress in PALliative Care (PSYCHED-PAL): A Multi-site, Open-label, Single Arm Phase I/II Proof-of-concept, Dose-finding, and Feasibility Clinical Trial", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for psychological and existential distress in palliative care psyched pal a multi site open label single arm phase i ii proof of concept dose finding and feasibility clinical trial", "authors": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "abstract": "The goal of this multi-centre phase I/II open-label, single-arm study is to determine the safety, feasibility, therapeutic dose, and preliminary efficacy of psilocybin microdosing to treat psychological distress among patients with advanced illness. Forty patients will receive psilocybin drug product (1-3mg per day, Mon-Fri) for 4 weeks to be administered via oral capsules by the participant. Feasibility (recruitment rate, rate of intervention and follow-up completion), safety (rate of adverse events), dosing, and preliminary efficacy (depression, anxiety, overall well-being, and global impression of change) will be measured. Patients with advanced illness report feeling a sense of hopelessness, loss of autonomy and relationships, and a lack of purpose in life. These feelings of psychological suffering have been described as \"existential distress\" and are associated with poor outcomes, including decreased medication adherence and quality of life, increased desire for hastened death and rates of suicide, and has been identified as a primary reason why individuals pursue medical assistance in dying (MAiD). Current treatments for psychological and existential suffering have low efficacy and are challenging to use in a palliative context. Pharmacological approaches for treating psychological suffering may reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, but evidence to support their efficacy in palliative care (PC) is underwhelming. Antidepressant and anxiolytic medications also take time to work and can cause serious side effects such as falls and confusion, which can be substantial deterrents for patients. Similarly, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have demonstrated psychotherapeutic interventions show limited benefit in a PC population. Further, psychotherapy can be time consuming and slow to work, which is not ideal for patients with limited life expectancy. Given the burden of psychological and existential distress among patients followed by PC providers, there is a need to develop scalable, brief, and rapidly effective therapeutic approaches to reduce this distress. Psychedelic medications offer an innovative, safe, complementary approach to address psychological and existential suffering in patients receiving PC. Studies from the 1950's showed serotonergic hallucinogens (\"psychedelics\") improved depression and anxiety symptoms in cancer patients. However, legislative changes restricted the use of these medications in clinical care and research. Interest in psychedelic medications has been rekindled by two recently published RCTs that studied the use of psilocybin (a mushroom-derived 5HT2A agonist) during a single psychotherapeutic session in cancer patients with anxiety and/or depression. These trials demonstrated rapid, clinically meaningful, and long-lasting reductions in depressed mood and/or anxiety symptoms and improvements in quality of life and death acceptance. There is also evidence suggesting psilocybin microdosing - taking sub-hallucinogenic doses continuously over longer time periods, rather than a one-time hallucinogenic dose - can improve mood and anxiety. The effects of microdosing, however, have not been rigorously evaluated, particularly in patients with life limiting illness. Results from recent trials are encouraging but knowledge gaps remain. First, studies to date primarily enrolled patients with localized disease who experience different distress than that of patients with advanced disease who are near the end of life. Second, it is unclear if Canadians would find psilocybin an attractive option in the context of MAiD legalization, which provides an alternative option for patients with severe psychological suffering. Third, there is no empirical research on the therapeutic effects of psilocybin microdosing, as most studies have followed macrodosing protocols. While preliminary efficacy of macrodosing has been demonstrated, there are important barriers to administering this therapy in a PC context. Previous trials had slow recruitment rates, suggesting there may be barriers related to the acceptability of psilocybin macrodosing from the perspectives of patients and families. Macrodosing requires the patient to dedicate an entire day to participating in a guided hallucinogenic experience and remain in an acute care setting where they can be closely monitored. It also requires patients to engage in preparatory sessions with monitors and a post-therapy session. In a PC context, this time commitment may not be acceptable or feasible for patients who are nearing the end of life. Additionally, macrodosing requires at least two trained moderators to guide the patient through their psychedelic experience and facilitate the pre- and post-dosing sessions. In most PC settings, it is not feasible to have clinicians dedicate two days to a single patient, thus limiting the scalability of this intervention. Psilocybin microdosing has the potential to overcome barriers to the feasibility and acceptability of macrodosing. By removing the requirement for trained moderators, minimizing the time commitment required of patients, eliminating the hallucinogenic effects of the therapy, and allowing patients to receive treatment either as an inpatient or in the community, microdosing may be a more acceptable option to patients and families and allow psychedelic therapy to be scalable across various PC settings. Psilocybin microdosing is a novel, complementary therapy that, while still unproven for patients near the end of life, has the potential to fundamentally change the way psychological and existential distress is responded to in PC, improving the lives of the 30% of patients who experience this suffering at the end of life. Objective To determine if psilocybin microdosing is a safe and feasible treatment for psychological distress among patients nearing the end of life followed by palliative care providers. All participants will receive a 4-week psilocybin microdosing intervention. The secondary objective is to examine the preliminary efficacy of psilocybin microdosing. Sample Size As this is a feasibility study, no formal sample size calculation was performed to determine the number of patients required to reach a level of precision on any study endpoint. Rather, the goal of this study is to provide estimates, along with their margins of error, of the recruitment rate and efficacy outcomes which will inform a subsequent two-arm randomized controlled trial. Participating sites see approximately 5,300 patients per year. It is anticipated that 30% will have psychological distress. Assuming a minimum of 1 in 6 patients are eligible and 15% of eligible patients will enroll, the goal is to enroll a sample of 20 participants in up to 1-year period. Statistical Analysis Analyses will adopt an intent-to-treat approach. Because the goal of this trial is to demonstrate feasibility and preliminary measures of efficacy, the main analyses will include calculation of feasibility outcomes using descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as well as effect sizes with 95% CIs for primary and secondary efficacy measures, comparing patients' 4-week follow-up assessments to baseline assessments. Participants will also be stratified based on demographic and clinical characteristics to assess trends in outcomes. Notably, there is some evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in particular may attenuate the effects of psilocybin. As such, sub-analyses will evaluate outcomes in participants taking an SSRI medication versus those who are not. A sub-group analysis by setting of care (inpatient vs outpatient/community) will also be conducted. Analyses of safety data will include the mean and standard deviation of the peak effect observed (i.e. highest observed blood pressure, heart rate) and proportion of participants experiencing adverse mood and behaviour events. The incidence of delirium and serotonin syndrome will also be recorded. Details of Eligibility, Intervention Protocol, and Outcome Measures are provided elsewhere.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-07-09", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04754061", "keywords": "Depression, Anxiety, Distress, Emotional, Psilocybin, ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:24:10", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04754061\",\"overall_status\":\"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\",\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Microdosing,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Cancer Patients,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5687, "title": "Psilocybin selectively rescues cognitive flexibility impairments caused by aberrant prefrontal error signaling", "normalized_title": "psilocybin selectively rescues cognitive flexibility impairments caused by aberrant prefrontal error signaling", "authors": "Liu, C.; Ho, E. M.; Enos, A. S.; Baublyte, U. B.; Luna, I. M.; Kosche, A. R.; Sohal, V. S.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs show remarkable potential for treating psychiatric disorders, but the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects remain relatively unknown. Here, we demonstrate that psilocybin can powerfully ameliorate deficits in cognitive flexibility, but this effect depends on the specific circuit-level cause of those deficits. Using optogenetic models of cognitive inflexibility in mice, psilocybin rescued deficits caused by aberrant mesocortical signaling but failed to rescue deficits arising from disrupted interhemispheric gamma synchrony. Aberrant mesocortical signaling drove abnormally elevated activity in prefrontal cortex-mediodorsal thalamus (PFC-MD) projection neurons during post-error exploration, and psilocybin attenuated this pathological activity both acutely and 24 hours later. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that psilocybin induces lasting plasticity in PFC-MD neurons, potentiating thalamic inputs while suppressing dopamine- and NMDA-receptor-dependent afterdepolarizations that could otherwise sustain aberrant post-error signaling. These findings reveal cellular and circuit mechanisms that could explain psilocybin's therapeutic specificity and establish a precision medicine framework approach for psychedelic treatment.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-07-08", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.07.05.736652", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.05.736652", "keywords": "neuroscience", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-11 01:23:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:23:42", "raw_json": "{\"server\":\"biorxiv\",\"version\":\"1\",\"category\":\"neuroscience\",\"type\":\"new results\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5686, "title": "Therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a scoping review protocol.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the pharmacological treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder a scoping review protocol", "authors": "Raul Edison Luna Lazo, Nicole Milagritos Cardoso Azorza, Jatziri Yanina Vilca Yanac, Ahmad Kassem El Zein, Omar Abraham Ramírez Paucar, Luana Mota Ferreira, Roberto Pontarolo", "abstract": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors that cause distress and functional impairment worldwide. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy are first-line treatments, a considerable proportion of patients show an insufficient response, supporting the need for alternative pharmacological strategies. Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic metabolized into psilocin, has sparked interest for its activity in serotonergic pathways, especially 5-HT2A receptors, and its potential effects on neuroplasticity and brain network modulation. This scoping review aims to identify, characterize, and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the pharmacological treatment of OCD, including preclinical findings, proposed mechanisms of action, and clinical evidence. The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI recommendations and the data will be reported using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with no language or publication date restrictions. Eligible studies will include preclinical and clinical research evaluating psilocybin or psilocin for OCD. The findings are expected to map current evidence, identify knowledge gaps, and guide future research on psilocybin as a potential therapeutic strategy for OCD, especially in patients with treatment-resistant symptoms and persistent impairment despite available standard interventions.", "journal": "Open Science Framework", "publication_date": "2026-07-08", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.17605/osf.io/guqxr", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/guqxr", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, MEDLINE, Distress, Therapeutic approach, Psychology, Cognition, Psychotherapist, Emotional distress, Reuptake inhibitor, Preclinical research, Functional impairment, Clinical trial, Intensive care medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-11 01:20:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:20:14", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167787527\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167787527\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023176438\",\"display_name\":\"Raul Edison Luna Lazo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3434-1239\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140335409\",\"display_name\":\"Nicole Milagritos Cardoso Azorza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-2884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140314383\",\"display_name\":\"Jatziri Yanina Vilca Yanac\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140370467\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmad Kassem El Zein\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140358178\",\"display_name\":\"Omar Abraham Ramírez Paucar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062986019\",\"display_name\":\"Luana Mota Ferreira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-587X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055574658\",\"display_name\":\"Roberto Pontarolo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-4363\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407050956\",\"source_display_name\":\"Open Science Framework\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/guqxr\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7167787527" }, { "id": 40, "title": "Dissociating the Hallucinogenic and Neuroplastic Effects of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "dissociating the hallucinogenic and neuroplastic effects of psilocybin", "authors": "Baker, J. J.; Kogan, E.; Ma, S.; Lu, J.; Zuo, Y.", "abstract": "It is unclear how serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) in cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5 PyrNs) differentially contribute to psilocybin-induced hallucinations versus neuroplasticity. Here we show that psilocybin promotes synapse formation and maturation while accelerating the elimination of pre-existing synapses. Cell type-specific manipulation further demonstrated that 5-HT2AR signaling in L5 PyrNs is necessary and sufficient for psilocybin-induced synaptic remodeling but dispensable for the head-twitch response, a rodent proxy of hallucination.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-07-08", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.04.06.716778", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.06.716778", "keywords": "neuroscience", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:23:42", "raw_json": "{\"server\":\"biorxiv\",\"version\":\"3\",\"category\":\"neuroscience\",\"type\":\"new results\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5678, "title": "α2-Adrenergic receptor modulates 5-HT2A-mediated behavioral effects of MDMA and psilocybin in mice.", "normalized_title": "α2 adrenergic receptor modulates 5 ht2a mediated behavioral effects of mdma and psilocybin in mice", "authors": "Rosado AF, Yu AL, Yang JH, Rondeau J, Floris G, Basu A, Staszko S, Dibbs M, Feng J, Li Y, Warner-Schmidt J, Kelmendi B, Krystal JH, Pittenger C, Kwan AC, Kaye AP.", "abstract": "Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin act as agonists at cortical serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptors (5-HT2AR), inducing psychedelic effects in humans and head-twitch responses (HTRs) in rodents. Another class of psychedelic drugs called entactogens, exemplified by MDMA, function primarily as monoamine releasers and typically evoke minimal HTR despite causing serotonin release. The polypharmacology of psychedelic drugs at receptors other than 5-HT2AR may modulate their behavioral effects. Here, we report that MDMA, but not psilocybin, induces robust elevations of both 5-HT and norepinephrine (NE) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Blocking the release of extracellular NE unmasks MDMA-evoked HTR, suggesting that polypharmacology involving noradrenergic receptors may oppose the 5-HT2A-mediated effects of MDMA. Artificially elevating NE also attenuates psilocybin-induced HTR, supporting this hypothesis. Selective agonism of the noradrenergic α2 receptor (α2R) is sufficient to suppress 5-HT2A-mediated HTR, and also suppresses the HTR in locus coeruleus-ablated mice, suggesting that this effect is mediated by heteroreceptors. Moreover, psilocybin-induced effects in the forced swim test persisted in the presence of α₂R activation. Thus, these findings support a model in which some forms of 5-HT2A signaling can be attenuated by α2R activation without interfering with antidepressant-like effects. The ability to reduce potential side effects of 5-HT2A activation while preserving antidepressant-like effects via α2R and other analogous receptors may be relevant to therapeutic development.", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-07-06", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-026-03713-1", "pubmed_id": "42414551", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03713-1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-08 01:20:22", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:20:14", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42414551\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167607963\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167607963\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1572907996\",\"https://openalex.org/W1836264777\",\"https://openalex.org/W1842480878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966733439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968883863\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983048332\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996618171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013923425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021048027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029122479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043018270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062822713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063277419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069500038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082642884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089306255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090826913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101795926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120113858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121872553\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131184913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139127187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140901931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147123664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151488696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153615886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159032443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168836105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2176880930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2218174899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508048853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2576763726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739337936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789541163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802418317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2867834500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988140114\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008141248\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014121938\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044771279\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154620846\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217377467\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200256404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205362358\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221078879\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296759713\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321238244\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362596352\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395069371\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400449392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401212791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406062303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409987664\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410200405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411302754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412520959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412626160\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414747399\",\"https://openalex.org/W7118979083\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140175434\",\"display_name\":\"Axel F. Rosado\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047632425\",\"display_name\":\"Abigail L. Yu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2194-5028\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080588826\",\"display_name\":\"J. Yang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1220-4312\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140189588\",\"display_name\":\"Jocelyne Rondeau\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032092254\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriele Floris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-774X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023986617\",\"display_name\":\"Aakash Basu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-7393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140193039\",\"display_name\":\"Stephanie Staszko\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022935279\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Dibbs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-361X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103001401\",\"display_name\":\"Jiesi Feng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-2625\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100428710\",\"display_name\":\"Yulong Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-9919\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140193611\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer Warner-Schmidt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110948308\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin Kelmendi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-1326\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071039477\",\"display_name\":\"John H. Krystal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-1726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001094886\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Pittenger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-9321\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014605321\",\"display_name\":\"Alex C. Kwan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-1667\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008798564\",\"display_name\":\"Alfred P. Kaye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-1221\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03713-1\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7167607963" }, { "id": 5674, "title": "Psilocybe Poisoning: Pathophysiology, Classification and Treatment. A Clinical Case Review", "normalized_title": "psilocybe poisoning pathophysiology classification and treatment a clinical case review", "authors": "Omar Azuara-Antonio, Erika Rubí De La Cruz-Elizaldeb, José Eduardo Carmona-Rodriguez, Lesly Idaliht Hernandez-Martinez", "abstract": "The Psilocybe cubensis mushroom is recognized as the primary source of psilocybin in the Americas, occurring naturally across various regions. This fungus has a long history of use in Mesoamerican rituals due to its capacity to induce altered states of consciousness. The defining characteristic of Psilocybe mushrooms is their psilocybin content. Following ingestion, psilocybin is metabolized into psilocin, which acts as a potent serotonergic agonist by interacting with serotonin receptors. The resulting physiological and psychoactive effects are linked to the activity at 5-HT receptors within the central nervous system, along with the release of glutamate. Throughout history, diverse Mesoamerican cultures incorporated hallucinogenic mushroom consumption into their ritual ceremonies. The Aztecs, for example, revered them as Teonanácatl, or \" flesh of the gods,\" valuing their ability to shift the perception of reality. Interest in psilocybin has seen a resurgence in the scientific community, spanning from the ethnobotanical studies of R. Gordon Wasson in the 1950s to contemporary research into its therapeutic applications for depression. Studies have indicated that psilocybin can sustainably alleviate depressive symptoms, often with fewer side effects compared to conventional pharmacological treatments. The combination of the ancient ceremonial and religious use of Psilocybe mushrooms with their demonstrable therapeutic potential is prompting a reevaluation of their legal status as a Schedule I drug. Ongoing research is actively exploring the impact of psilocybin on various psychiatric disorders, yielding promising results, particularly in the treatment of major depressive disorder. As the evidence supporting its therapeutic benefits continues to accumulate, it suggests a future where these psychedelic compounds could play a vital role in global mental health.", "journal": "Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA", "publication_date": "2026-07-04", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.29057/mjmr.v14i28.16493", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v14i28.16493", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Trance, Psychology, Pharmacology, Traditional medicine, Medicine, Neuroscience, Serotonin Agonist, Ayahuasca, Agonist, Amphetamine, Psychiatry, 5-HT2 receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-07 01:20:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-11 01:20:14", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167422156\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167422156\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051415806\",\"display_name\":\"Omar Azuara-Antonio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-4573\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140086242\",\"display_name\":\"Erika Rubí De La Cruz-Elizaldeb\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140068470\",\"display_name\":\"José Eduardo Carmona-Rodriguez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9952-3356\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5140080438\",\"display_name\":\"Lesly Idaliht Hernandez-Martinez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2027-9574\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210193124\",\"source_display_name\":\"Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v14i28.16493\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7167422156" }, { "id": 3976, "title": "Psilocybin as a Transdiagnostic Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbid Psychopathology: Implications for Clinical Nosology and Research Directions.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a transdiagnostic treatment for eating disorders and comorbid psychopathology implications for clinical nosology and research directions", "authors": "Koning E, Richard J, Keshen A.", "abstract": "ObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are characterized by high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and suboptimal treatment outcomes. There remain critical gaps in research, including the exploration of effective transdiagnostic interventions. This forum article examines the potential of psilocybin treatment (PT) as a transdiagnostic intervention for EDs and common comorbidities, including the implications for alternative nosological frameworks, trial design, and clinical care.MethodA narrative review was conducted synthesizing clinical, mechanistic, and conceptual literature on PT for EDs and common psychiatric comorbidities. Searches of academic databases were supplemented by hand-searching and clinical trial registries. Thematic synthesis focused on transdiagnostic clinical evidence, mechanistic theories, and implications for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), treatment development, and clinical trial design.ResultsPreliminary clinical evidence supports the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effects of PT for EDs, with robust transdiagnostic effects observed across comorbid conditions. Proposed mechanisms (i.e., serotonergic receptor agonism, psychoplastogenic effects, neural network desynchronization) target shared vulnerabilities that map onto dimensional constructs in HiTOP (Emotional Dysfunction superspectrum, Internalizing spectrum) and RDoC (negative/positive valence, cognitive, and social process domains) nosologies. Future research should explore pragmatic trial designs and dimensional outcome measures to capture the real-world complexities of PT for EDs.DiscussionPT demonstrates transdiagnostic therapeutic potential for EDs, and the advancement of dimensional nosologies, complex intervention frameworks, and personalized treatment protocols may address existing gaps in research and clinical care.", "journal": "International Journal of Eating Disorders", "publication_date": "2026-07-01", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/eat.70164", "pubmed_id": "42393007", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.70164", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-04 01:20:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-09 01:20:16", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42393007\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167014213\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7167014213\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1931781407\",\"https://openalex.org/W1944481685\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968733266\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969577526\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972883514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976624064\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985513874\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986348004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006378117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007644698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030842831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052565335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052804935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080055550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095960650\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115430216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118540296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120654343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140540881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2298540806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2339503814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567379065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2599264051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2733159797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2740567311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795870103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888612576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896480657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908155319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914496888\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914520605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979620240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2986368852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031144616\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049509808\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084249337\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120551831\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134803076\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135628799\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135635133\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136402846\",\"https://openalex.org/W3148497253\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153796079\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166604621\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194472989\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204019137\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200408156\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205400385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210332402\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280584826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310942020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318933953\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362656963\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376279493\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381548553\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384154266\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385664009\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386606492\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387019277\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389139111\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389975182\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794276\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391893692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4397049758\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398195443\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398782381\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399572299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400364503\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401212791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403216984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403509916\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404160271\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404286681\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404836981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405376152\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406338182\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408186822\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408221975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408328158\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409313347\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409449345\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409687073\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409729252\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411355052\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411969620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412489091\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412570375\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413411862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413839750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414072214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414745665\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415622018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417031290\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417397706\",\"https://openalex.org/W7125961702\",\"https://openalex.org/W7128441230\",\"https://openalex.org/W7133234785\",\"https://openalex.org/W7134072318\",\"https://openalex.org/W7134891055\",\"https://openalex.org/W7135170485\",\"https://openalex.org/W7148242223\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060209926\",\"display_name\":\"Elena Koning\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0288\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006203775\",\"display_name\":\"Jérémie Richard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-1353\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023552725\",\"display_name\":\"Aaron Keshen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9749\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S74080386\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Eating Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.70164\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7167014213" }, { "id": 3813, "title": "Convergent biosynthesis of psilocybin in an ectomycorrhizal lineage: is the psychoactive end-product the selected trait?", "normalized_title": "convergent biosynthesis of psilocybin in an ectomycorrhizal lineage is the psychoactive end product the selected trait", "authors": "Askari M, Surapaneni V.", "abstract": "The fungivore-deterrence hypothesis, that psilocybin evolved as a chemical defence against arthropod fungivores via 5-HT receptor agonism, has become the working consensus in fungal chemical ecology, despite resting on a phylogenomic pattern of horizontal gene transfer among saprotrophs and remarkably little direct experimental evidence. Recent biochemistry shows that the ectomycorrhizal Inocybe corydalina assembles psilocybin through a convergently evolved, non-homologous ips cluster whose branched pathway yields baeocystin, not psilocybin, as the primary end-product. We argue that psilocybin's psychoactivity at vertebrate 5-HT2A receptors is plausibly incidental, with selection most likely acting on the injury-triggered polymerized indoloquinoid end-state of the blueing reaction (with psilocybin functioning as its stable storage precursor) and only secondarily on the monomeric congeners baeocystin or aeruginascin. We propose a five-tier comparative experimental program to adjudicate among these alternatives.", "journal": "EcoEvoRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.32942/x2fd49", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.32942/x2fd49", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:31:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:28", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1263823\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"EcoEvoRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166796269\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166796269\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139727248\",\"display_name\":\"Mellica Askari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1876-7714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135689316\",\"display_name\":\"Varun Surapaneni\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2fd49\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Genomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166796269" }, { "id": 3002, "title": "Modeled Long-Term Effects of Psilocybin on Dynamic Activity and Effective Connectivity of Fronto-Striatal-Thalamic Circuits.", "normalized_title": "modeled long term effects of psilocybin on dynamic activity and effective connectivity of fronto striatal thalamic circuits", "authors": "Pasquini L, Vohryzek J, Escrichs A, Perl YS, Ponce-Alvarez A, Idesis S, Girn M, Roseman L, Mitchell JM, Gazzaley A, Kringelbach M, Nutt DJ, Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL, Deco G.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has been shown to induce fast and sustained symptoms improvements across various psychiatric conditions, yet its long-term mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Initial evidence suggests that longitudinal functional and structural brain changes implicate fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) circuitry, a broad system involved in goal-directed behavior and motivational states. Here, we performed secondary analyses and applied computational modeling to resting-state fMRI data from a within-subject longitudinal psilocybin trial in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. We first showed that dynamic FST activity increased 4 weeks after a full dose of psilocybin. We then proceeded to mechanistically account for these changes by providing tentative model-based support that reductions in the structure-function coupling contribute to increased dynamic FST activity postpsilocybin. Finally, we used computational approaches to show that psilocybin induces longitudinal increases in bottom-up and reduced top-down modulation of FST circuits. We then used publicly available receptor maps to show that cortical reductions in top-down modulation are linked to regional 5-HT2A receptor availability, while increased information outflow via subcortical and limbic regions relates to local D2 receptor availability. Together, these findings suggest that increased FST flexibility weeks after a high dose of psilocybin is linked to serotonergic-mediated decreases in top-down information flow and dopaminergic-mediated increases in bottom-up information flow. This long-term functional re-organization of FST circuits may represent a common mechanism contributing to the potential clinical efficacy of psilocybin across various neuropsychiatric disorders including substance abuse, major depression, and anorexia nervosa.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/hbm.70596", "pubmed_id": "42381187", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70596", "keywords": "Thalamus, Corpus Striatum, Frontal Lobe, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Neurological, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Connectome, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:22", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42381187\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 101, "title": "Psilocybin induces stereotyped movements and reduces defensive responding in planarians through 5-hydroxytryptamine mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces stereotyped movements and reduces defensive responding in planarians through 5 hydroxytryptamine mechanisms", "authors": "Akbar RJ, Stringer AD, Wiah S, Dachepalli M, Daws SE, Inan S, Rawls SM.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a serotonergic 5-HT2A R agonist that causes psychedelic and anxiolytic effects in human users. To delineate conservation of psilocybin pharmacology, we investigated behavioral effects of psilocybin in planarians ( Dugesia dorotocephala ), the simplest living animal with cephalization that also has a well defined serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) system. We quantified stereotyped movements (e.g. head bops, twists, scrunches, and C-shapes) and defensive responding (negative phototaxis) and probed a 5-HT2A R mechanism for psilocybin using a selective 5-HT2A R antagonist (volinanserin). Psilocybin (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM) increased all stereotyped movements and, at higher concentrations, reduced motility. Volinanserin (1, 10, and 100 nM) did not induce any stereotyped movements or reduce motility. For combination experiments, volinanserin reduced cumulative stereotyped movements produced by psilocybin (0.01 nM) and specifically reduced psilocybin-evoked twists and head bops. Concentrations (", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1097/fbp.0000000000000879", "pubmed_id": "42186402", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000879", "keywords": "Animals, Planarians, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Stereotyped Behavior, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Psilocybin, Phototaxis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:22", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42186402\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 58, "title": "MFCC-DFT mapping of ligand recognition at the 5-HT2A receptor: energetic analysis of the interactions between serotonin, psychedelics, and antipsychotics.", "normalized_title": "mfcc dft mapping of ligand recognition at the 5 ht2a receptor energetic analysis of the interactions between serotonin psychedelics and antipsychotics", "authors": "Junior WSC, Bezerra KS, Matias EGC, Oliveira JIN, Fulco UL.", "abstract": "Mental disorders represent a major global health problem, with depression being one of the most prevalent and disabling conditions worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that the serotonergic system, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor, plays an important role in modulating mood and cognitive processes, constituting a key pharmacological target for several psychoactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the molecular interaction profile between the 5-HT2A receptor and four pharmacologically relevant ligands, serotonin (5-HT), psilocybin/psilocin (PSILO), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and lumateperone (LMTP). Interaction energies were evaluated using the molecular fragmentation with conjugated caps (MFCC) method combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Crystallographic structures were used as initial models, and residue-level interaction energies were calculated to identify the amino acids that contribute most to ligand stabilization at the receptor binding site. The results reveal that the complexes exhibit total interaction energies ranging from -35.38 to -71.98 kcal mol-1 under dielectric conditions representative of the protein environment. Key residues such as Asp155, Phe339, Leu229, and Val366 were identified as the main contributors to ligand stabilization in the studied systems, highlighting their role as structural anchors within the orthosteric binding pocket. Energy decomposition further revealed distinct interaction patterns associated with different regions of the ligand. Therefore, this study provides a detailed energetic characterization of ligand recognition in the 5-HT2A receptor and offers details that may contribute to the rational design of new serotonergic agents with potential for therapeutic applications.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1039/d6cp00943c", "pubmed_id": "42300394", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cp00943c", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Antipsychotic Agents, Hallucinogens, Ligands, Binding Sites, Thermodynamics, Psilocybin, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, Density Functional Theory", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:23", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42300394\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 21, "title": "Chemistry/structural biology of psychedelic drugs and their receptor(s).", "normalized_title": "chemistry structural biology of psychedelic drugs and their receptor s", "authors": "Gumpper RH, Nichols DE", "abstract": "This brief review highlights some of the structure-activity relationships of classic serotonergic psychedelics. In particular, we discuss structural features of three chemotypes: phenethylamines, ergolines and certain tryptamines, which possess psychedelic activity in humans. Where they are known, we point out the underlying molecular mechanisms utilized by each of the three chemotypes of psychedelic molecules. With a focus on the 5-HT receptor subtype, a G-protein coupled receptor known to be the primary target of psychedelics, we refer to several X-ray and cryoEM structures, with a variety of ligands bound, to illustrate the underlying atomistic basis for some of the known pharmacological observations of psychedelic drug actions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.", "journal": "British journal of pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/bph.17361", "pubmed_id": "39354889", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39354889/", "keywords": "5-HT2A agonists, 5-HT2A receptor, LSD, Psychedelic chemotypes, crystal structures, docking, ergolines, phenethylamines, psilocybin, structural biology, structure-activity relationships, therapeutic potential, tryptamines", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"39354889\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 20, "title": "Psilocybin as a novel treatment for chronic pain.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a novel treatment for chronic pain", "authors": "Askey T, Lasrado R, Maiarú M, Stephens GJ", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs are under active consideration for clinical use and have generated significant interest for their potential as anti-nociceptive treatments for chronic pain, and for addressing conditions like depression, frequently co-morbid with pain. This review primarily explores the utility of preclinical animal models in investigating the potential of psilocybin as an anti-nociceptive agent. Initial studies involving psilocybin in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain are summarised, alongside areas where further research is needed. The potential mechanisms of action, including targeting serotonergic pathways through the activation of 5-HT receptors at both spinal and central levels, as well as neuroplastic actions that improve functional connectivity in brain regions involved in chronic pain, are considered. Current clinical aspects and the translational potential of psilocybin from animal models to chronic pain patients are reviewed. Also discussed is psilocybin's profile as an ideal anti-nociceptive agent, with a wide range of effects against chronic pain and its associated inflammatory or emotional components. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.", "journal": "British journal of pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/bph.17420", "pubmed_id": "39614355", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614355/", "keywords": "neuropathic pain, neuroplasticity, nociplastic pain, psilocybin, psychedelic drugs, serotonergic signalling", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"39614355\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 18, "title": "Neuropsychopharmacology of hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-HT receptor agonists.", "normalized_title": "neuropsychopharmacology of hallucinogenic and non hallucinogenic 5 ht receptor agonists", "authors": "Sharp T, Ippolito A", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocin were once relegated to the fringes of medical research because of their association with counterculture movements and a perceived concern about harm through recreational use, and their consequent legal prohibition in the early 1970s. However, these drugs are now experiencing a renaissance in the field of psychiatry based on increasing evidence that they can produce long-lasting improvements in health across a wide variety of mental illnesses, including major depression, addictions and anxiety disorders. These drugs interact with many different 5-HT receptor subtypes but the powerful psychedelic experience, which (depending on set and setting) includes profound alterations in perception, mood and cognition, accompanied by vivid hallucinations, is now widely considered mediated by an agonist action at 5-HT receptors. However, the link between the psychedelic experience, 5-HT receptor agonism and therapeutic effects is currently uncertain. Indeed, recent research has revealed a new class of 5-HT receptor agonists which appear to retain the therapeutic potential of psychedelics drugs without inducing disorienting hallucinatory experiences. Biased signalling, partial agonism and non-selectivity at the 5-HT receptor are amongst the possible explanations for the differential properties of these drugs, whereas increased neuroplasticity offers a likely account of their common therapeutic effects. This article explores the neuropsychopharmacological properties of hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-HT receptor agonists in the context of their promise as novel drug treatments in psychiatry. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.", "journal": "British journal of pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/bph.70050", "pubmed_id": "40405723", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40405723/", "keywords": "5-HT, 5-HT2A receptor, antidepressant, hallucinogens, psychedelics, serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40405723\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 17, "title": "Psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders", "authors": "Hoyer D", "abstract": "Currently, the most actively investigated rapidly acting antidepressants, anxiolytics and/or anti PTSD agents, include psychedelics e.g. psilocybin, LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, ayahuasca; non-hallucinogenic entactogens, e.g. MDMA; psychoplastogens which rapidly promote neuroplasticity, e.g. ibogaine, ketamine and esketamine; and other atypicals e.g. dextromorphan/bupropion, esmethadone. Late-stage clinical trials support psychedelics and/or MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as rapidly acting treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment-resistant depression (TRD), PTSD or generalised anxiety disorders (GAD). Psilocybin, MDMA and LSD were granted FDA breakthrough status for TRD/MDD, PTSD and GAD, respectively, although FDA recently rejected the new drug application of MDMA in PTSD. Most of these drugs target the 5-HT and monoamine systems. Classical psychedelics act as 5-HT receptor agonists, although LSD, DMT and psilocybin target other 5-HT and/or dopamine receptors. Psychedelic-dependent 5-HT receptor agonism also has profound anti-(neuro)inflammatory effects. Advanced imaging studies suggest that brain 5-HT levels are reduced in depression. Functional magnetic resonance studies show that neural networks (cortico thalamic, salience, default mode) are profoundly impaired in depression. Such network defects are corrected upon psychedelic/entactogen treatment, offering a unique opportunity to serve as biomarkers for depression, anxiety and PTSD precision medicine trials. Psychedelics and entactogens target common end pathways, namely neuroplasticity/synaptogenesis, either directly via monoamine or glutamate receptors and/or indirectly, via BDNF and mTORC1 pathways. Together, these findings strongly support a biological basis for MDD, GAD, PTSD and related conditions, which can be considered as mixed biochemical, neurological and neuroimmune disorders, and are profoundly modified by psychedelics, entactogens and the newly developed psychoplastogens. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.", "journal": "British journal of pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/bph.70088", "pubmed_id": "40518133", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40518133/", "keywords": "5-HT (serotonin), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Empathogens, Entactogens, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine), Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), Psychedelics, Psychoplastogens, Treatment resistant depression (TRD)", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40518133\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 16, "title": "Evidence that 5-HT receptor signalling efficacy and not biased agonism differentiates serotonergic psychedelic from non-psychedelic drugs.", "normalized_title": "evidence that 5 ht receptor signalling efficacy and not biased agonism differentiates serotonergic psychedelic from non psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Ippolito A, Vasudevan S, Hurley S, Gilmour G, Westhorpe F, Churchill G, Sharp T", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelic drugs are under investigation as therapies for various psychiatric disorders, including major depression. Although serotonergic psychedelic drugs are 5-HT receptor agonists, some such agonists are not psychedelic, potentially due to differences in 5-HT receptor ligand bias or signalling efficacy. Here, we investigated 5-HT receptor signalling properties of selected psychedelic and non-psychedelic drugs. G-coupled (Ca and IP) and β-arrestin2 signalling effects of six psychedelic drugs (psilocin, 5-MeO-DMT, LSD, mescaline, 25B-NBOMe and DOI) and three non-psychedelic drugs (lisuride, TBG and IHCH-7079) were characterised using SH-SY5Y cells expressing human 5-HT receptors. Ligand bias and signalling efficacy were measured using concentration-responses curves, compared with 5-HT. The generality of findings was tested using rat C6 cells which express endogenous 5-HT receptors. In SH-SY5Y cells, all psychedelic drugs were partial agonists at both 5-HT receptor signalling pathways and none showed significant ligand bias. In comparison, the non-psychedelic drugs were not distinguishable from psychedelic drugs in terms of ligand bias properties but exhibited the lowest 5-HT receptor signalling efficacy of all drugs tested. The latter result was confirmed in C6 cells. In summary, all psychedelic drugs tested were unbiased, partial 5-HT receptor agonists. Importantly, the non-psychedelic drugs lisuride, TBG and IHCH-7079 were discriminated from psychedelic drugs, not through ligand bias but rather by low efficacy. Therefore, low 5-HT receptor signalling efficacy may explain why some 5-HT receptor agonists are not psychedelic, although a larger panel of drugs should be tested to confirm this idea. This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.", "journal": "British journal of pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/bph.70109", "pubmed_id": "40545270", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40545270/", "keywords": "5-HT, 5-HT2A receptor, Gq and β-arrestin2 signalling, biased agonism, psychedelic, serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40545270\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 15, "title": "Are we hallucinating or can psychedelic drugs modulate the immune system to control inflammation?", "normalized_title": "are we hallucinating or can psychedelic drugs modulate the immune system to control inflammation", "authors": "Qureshi O, Cowley J, Pegg A, Cooper AJ, Gordon J, Brady CA, Belli A, Butterworth S, Upthegrove R, Andrews N, Barnes NM", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs that activate 5-HT receptors have been long used for cultural, medicinal and recreational purposes. Interest in psychedelics for treating psychiatric disorders has resurged recently and is well documented; less well recognised are their anti-inflammatory properties. Growing evidence now demonstrates that psychedelics modulate immune responses, including inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate that psychedelics, like (R)-DOI, reduce inflammation in animal models of acute and chronic inflammatory disease such as asthma. Likewise, some clinical studies with psychedelic drugs (e.g. psilocybin) demonstrate an impact upon circulating cytokine levels, supporting a translation from the animal models to the clinical arena. Such data emphasise the promise of therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation. Interestingly, recent research has also uncovered compounds that maintain therapeutic potential without likely causing psychedelic effects. These discoveries suggest that drugs informed by psychedelic drugs, but which do not evoke psychedelic experiences, which we term PIPI drugs (Psychedelic drug Informed but Psychedelic experience Inactive), could offer effective treatments for mental health and inflammation, presenting new avenues for therapeutic development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v183.14/issuetoc.", "journal": "British journal of pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/bph.70138", "pubmed_id": "40726049", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40726049/", "keywords": "5-HT2A receptor, immune system, inflammation, neuroinflammation, psychedelic drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40726049\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 13, "title": "Correction: The serotonin 1B receptor is required for some of the behavioral effects of psilocybin in mice.", "normalized_title": "correction the serotonin 1b receptor is required for some of the behavioral effects of psilocybin in mice", "authors": "Fleury S, Nautiyal KM.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-026-03488-5", "pubmed_id": "41680332", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03488-5", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:23", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41680332\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 12, "title": "Psilocybin improves novel object recognition in a rat model of Fragile X Syndrome through the modulation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin improves novel object recognition in a rat model of fragile x syndrome through the modulation of the bdnf trkb signaling pathway", "authors": "Ascone F, Buzzelli V, Mottarlini F, Di Trapano M, Miglioranza P, Rava A, Feo A, Spano F, Hausman M, Sugaya K, Caffino L, Fumagalli F, Trezza V", "abstract": "Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited intellectual disability and a leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As a synaptic disorder, FXS involves the loss of Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP), leading to abnormal dendrite development and immature dendritic spines. Serotonergic signaling, essential for neuronal development and circuit remodeling, has been implicated in ASD and related conditions, including FXS, raising the possibility that serotonergic modulation could ameliorate neurodevelopmental impairments. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of psilocybin, a serotonergic compound, in the validated Fmr1-exon 8 rat model of FXS. Psilocybin microdosing rescued deficits in NOR. Importantly, its benefits on recognition memory persisted despite pretreatment with the 5HT2AR antagonist, volinanserin, or the 5HT1AR antagonist, WAY-100635, indicating that classical serotonergic receptor activation is not required. In contrast, pretreatment with the TrkB receptor antagonist, ANA-12, abolished psilocybin's effects, implicating BDNF/TrkB signaling as essential. At the molecular level, psilocybin normalized mature BDNF (mBDNF), increased TrkB, and restored downstream AKT signaling in the prefrontal cortex of Fmr1-exon 8 rats, pathways strongly linked to synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. These findings demonstrate that psilocybin rescues object recognition memory deficits in this rat model of FXS via BDNF/TrkB-AKT signaling rather than serotonergic receptor mechanisms. By dissociating therapeutic effects from hallucinogenic pathways, our results highlight psilocybin microdosing as a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodevelopmental disorders such as FXS and ASD.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-026-02361-x", "pubmed_id": "41688761", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41688761/", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-08 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"41688761\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1921, "title": "The relevance of the 5HT2A-mGlu2 heterodimer in explaining the clinical ambivalence of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "the relevance of the 5ht2a mglu2 heterodimer in explaining the clinical ambivalence of psilocybin", "authors": "Escobar-Cornejo Guillermo, Corredor-Gamba Julián, Rodriguez-Rojas Yoly, Cárdenas F. P.", "abstract": "", "journal": "Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría", "publication_date": "2026-06-29", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.20453/rnp.v89i2.7539", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v89i2.7539", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:49:23", "last_checked": "2026-07-07 01:20:41", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.20453/rnp.v89i2.7539\",\"reference_dois\":[],\"reference_count\":0,\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166853822\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166853822\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024191030\",\"display_name\":\"Guillermo Saúl Escobar Cornejo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-3023\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119218852\",\"display_name\":\"Julián Corredor-Gamba\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139724047\",\"display_name\":\"Yoly Rodriguez-Rojas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9984-1777\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029069026\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando P. Cárdenas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-6211\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210210805\",\"source_display_name\":\"Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v89i2.7539\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166853822" }, { "id": 302, "title": "Chronic psilocin microdosing produces limited behavioral effects and does not enhance neurogenesis in rats.", "normalized_title": "chronic psilocin microdosing produces limited behavioral effects and does not enhance neurogenesis in rats", "authors": "Ladislavová L, Kútná V, Mazochová K, Šíchová K, Danda H, Lhotková E, Uttl L, Brejtr V, Syrová K, Mazoch V, Horsley R, Páleníček T.", "abstract": "Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a nonselective serotonergic agonist acting predominantly at 5-HT2A/C receptors, with substantial binding to 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors. Microdosing is the practice of taking a very small, sub-perceptual dose, typically 5% to 10% of a full recreational dose, to improve mood, creativity, and focus without hallucinogenic effects. However, rigorous preclinical evidence for its behavioral and neurobiological effects remains limited. We therefore examined whether chronic psilocin microdosing alters behavior and dentate gyrus (DG) cell proliferation in adult male Wistar rats. Psilocin was administered subcutaneously at 0.05 or 0.075 mg/kg. Animals received six doses of psilocin or saline on alternate days over 18 days prior to the first behavioral assessment, and microdosing on alternate days continued between behavioral tasks for five weeks. To minimize acute drug effects, all behavioral assessments were performed 48 h after the preceding dose. Animals were tested sequentially in the Elevated Plus Maze, Hole-Board, Open Field, Social Interaction, and modified Forced Swim Test, with six-day intervals between tests. DG cell proliferation was quantified by BrdU and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Across this regimen, psilocin microdosing did not measurably affect locomotor activity, depressive-like behavior, sociability, or novelty seeking, and it did not increase DG proliferation by either marker. A small anxiogenic effect was detected in the Elevated Plus Maze. These data indicate that, under the present dosing schedule and endpoints, chronic psilocin microdosing produces limited behavioral effects and does not enhance hippocampal progenitor proliferation in rats.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-06-29", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174231", "pubmed_id": "42379524", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174231", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-07 01:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42379524\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neurogenesis,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Microdosing,Creativity,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 23, "title": "Chemical ecology and convergent evolution of natural hallucinogens: From ecological defense to conserved neural targets.", "normalized_title": "chemical ecology and convergent evolution of natural hallucinogens from ecological defense to conserved neural targets", "authors": "Wang Y, Wang H, Lin C, Wang X", "abstract": "Natural hallucinogenic compounds have arisen independently across plants, fungi, and animals, evolving into a diverse chemical arsenal that includes phenethylamines, indolealkylamines, and terpenoid scaffolds. Beyond clinical and cultural frameworks, their ecological origins and evolutionary trajectories may help explain why such potent modulators of perception, emotion, and cognition persist in nature. Here, integrating chemical ecology, comparative genomics, biosynthetic logic, and evolutionary biology, we propose that these molecules may function as defensive agents or symbiosis-associated manipulators of herbivore and pollinator behavior. A \"building-block\" biosynthetic logic links primary metabolism to convergent psychotropic scaffolds via a recurrent set of tailoring reactions, including decarboxylations and methylations. Recent advances illuminate mescaline biosynthesis in cacti, horizontal gene transfer of psilocybin clusters in fungi, and symbiont-derived alkaloids in grasses. We also assess the debate surrounding endogenous mammalian tryptamines, arguing that the leading hypothesis points toward sigma-1 receptor-mediated cytoprotection and stress responses, supported by convergent pharmacological and cellular evidence, rather than inherent hallucinogenic functions. Across kingdoms, natural hallucinogens appear to converge on conserved neural targets, including serotonergic and other neuromodulatory systems that are shared across phyla. From this perspective, human psychoactivity is likely an evolutionary by-product of molecules selected for ecological interactions with animals possessing deeply conserved receptor architectures. Framing hallucinogens through chemical ecology not only clarifies their origins but also highlights translational opportunities in target discovery, pathway engineering, and sustainable production, while emphasizing the need to integrate conservation, ethical sourcing, and benefit-sharing into the current hallucinogenic renaissance.", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "publication_date": "2026-06-29", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2535785123", "pubmed_id": "42341036", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42341036/", "keywords": "chemical defense, chemical ecology, convergent evolution, hallucinogens", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-07 01:20:06", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"42341036\"}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions,Genomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 22, "title": "Psychedelics in treatment-resistant depression: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, clinical evidence, and recommendations.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in treatment resistant depression a comprehensive review of mechanisms clinical evidence and recommendations", "authors": "Estela-Fernandez CA, Mohamed Yousif Elsheikh R, Beatrice DB, A Alhendal A, Irene Ewe C, Montesinos SY, Wensel J, Mishra AP, Yousif AA, Ali HT.", "abstract": "PurposeMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous, debilitating disorder. A distinct subgroup within the MDD spectrum is identified to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There is an impetus to find alternative treatments for TRD to reduce disease burden and improve quality of life. Psychedelics have been used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders since the 1950s, with potential benefits in TRD.MethodsAiming to summarize the evidence of using psychedelics for TRD by exploring mechanisms and potential benefits, we conducted a literature search on different psychedelics with their mechanisms from clinical and preclinical evidence.ResultsPsychedelics have been examined in many preclinical studies for efficacy and mechanisms with fewer clinical studies on patients with TRD. Besides serotonergic agonism, glutamate surge and monoamine release, psychedelics promote neuroplasticity, corticolimbic function, and epigenetic changes. Psilocybin, ketamine, and esketamine are the most researched agents of psychedelics in the context of TRD. Psilocybin-assisted therapy has been shown to induce short-term improvement in symptoms that can persist for weeks and months, with some meta-analyses consolidating such findings. Ketamine, as an atypical psychedelic, in many clinical trials of intravenous, subcutaneous, and oral forms, had rapid and robust effects in reducing depressive symptoms and relapses without decreasing cognitive function. Similarly, esketamine induced early and clinically meaningful improvements in function and productivity. Ayahuasca also showed fast and sustained effects with higher remission rates and good safety.ConclusionPsychedelics have significant potential in TRD with superior mechanisms over traditional antidepressants. Despite the encouraging findings of the existing studies, large, well-designed studies are needed to extend their use as part of standard recommendations.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-06-29", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s40211-026-00584-4", "pubmed_id": "42377806", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-026-00584-4", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-07 01:20:36", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42377806\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3494, "title": "5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin in the Treatment of Tobacco Use Disorder", "normalized_title": "5 ht2a agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco use disorder", "authors": "Johns Hopkins University", "abstract": "This is a multi-site, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin for smoking cessation. Four sites with experience in conducting psilocybin research will be involved in this trial: Johns Hopkins University (JHU), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), and New York University (NYU). The proposed study will treat 66 participants (22 at each site), randomized to receive either: 1) oral psilocybin (30 mg in session 1 and either 30 mg or 40 mg in session 2); or 2) oral niacin (150 mg in session 1 and either 150 mg or 200 mg in session 2), with sessions 1 week apart. This is a multi-site, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin for smoking cessation. The investigators previously conducted an open-label pilot trial (N = 15) of psilocybin paired with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Data showed a biologically-verified 7-day point-prevalence abstinence rate of 67% at 12 months and 60% at 2.5 years (continuous abstinence rates: 53% and 47%, respectively). The investigators are now conducting an open-label randomized comparative efficacy trial of psilocybin vs. nicotine patch, both in combination with CBT. Interim results (N = 44; 22 per group) show greater biologically-verified abstinence rates at 12 months for psilocybin: 7-day point-prevalence: 59% vs. 27%; continuous abstinence: 36% vs. 9%. Despite these promising findings, the investigators have yet to conduct a double-blind study of psilocybin for smoking cessation. Furthermore, previous psilocybin study samples have been largely White with higher socioeconomic status (SES). The current trial will address these issues across four sites with experience in conducting psilocybin research: Johns Hopkins, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), and New York University (NYU). A diverse sample with regard to ethno-racial identity and SES will be recruited at each site. The proposed double-blind study will treat 66 participants (22 at each site), randomized to receive either: 1) psilocybin; 30 mg in session 1 and either 30 or 40 mg in session 2, with sessions 1 week apart; or 2) niacin; 150 mg in session 1 and either 150 mg or 200 mg in session 2, with sessions 1 week apart. Niacin was selected because it has been used as an active placebo in two previous randomized therapeutic trials of psilocybin, and the FDA has informed the investigators that niacin is the FDA's preferred active placebo for psilocybin. CBT will be administered to both groups and will allow the investigators to test psilocybin's efficacy above and beyond an established treatment approach. Biochemically-confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence will be assessed throughout for up to 12 months. The investigators hypothesize that psilocybin (compared to niacin) will cause increased biologically-confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 12-month follow-up. Based on pilot data, the investigators will test cognitive/psychological mediators of treatment response. The investigators hypothesize that psilocybin will be associated with improved cognitive control and decreased anticipation of withdrawal relief (from smoking) 1 day after the target quit date, which will be associated with greater 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 12- month follow-up. This trial will provide a rigorous test of efficacy in a diverse study sample, and test relevant mechanisms, for an innovative smoking cessation treatment showing potential for substantial efficacy.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05452772", "keywords": "Tobacco Use Disorder, Psilocybin, Active Experimental Group, Niacin, Active Comparator Group, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-05 01:22:40", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05452772\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 25, "title": "Classical psychedelic microdosing, mood, and cognitive function: An umbrella review with narrative synthesis.", "normalized_title": "classical psychedelic microdosing mood and cognitive function an umbrella review with narrative synthesis", "authors": "Özaydın Y, Canlan Özaydın B.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsychedelic microdosing-repeated sub-perceptual doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin-has attracted scientific interest as a potential mood and cognitive intervention. The evidence base remains methodologically heterogeneous and vulnerable to expectancy bias.MethodsWe conducted an umbrella review with narrative synthesis following Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 standards (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO]: 2020 standards (PROSPERO: CRD420251077340). Six databases were searched through February 2026. Eligible studies were systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses examining microdosing effects (⩽20 μg LSD or ⩽3 mg psilocybin per session) on mood or cognitive outcomes in adults. Quality was appraised with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2; primary-study overlap was quantified via corrected covered area (CCA).ResultsThree meta-analyses met quantitative criteria, drawing on 14 studies (13 unique samples, N = 1614); three reviews contributed to narrative synthesis. Primary-study overlap was very high (CCA = 0.29). The sole significant pooled effect was a small decrease in cognitive control (d = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.06); all other domains were non-significant. No eligible meta-analysis provided pooled mood-outcome effect sizes within the microdose threshold; narrative evidence indicates that self-reported mood benefits are largely attenuated under placebo-controlled conditions. Short-term tolerability was acceptable, though cardiovascular signals and long-term risks via 5-HT2B activation remain uncharacterized.ConclusionsCurrent evidence does not support cognitive enhancement through microdosing; the only consistent controlled finding runs counter to popular claims: microdosing was associated with a small but reliable impairment of cognitive control. Observed mood benefits are not replicated under blinded conditions, consistent with expectancy-driven responding. Adequately powered, preregistered, expectancy-controlled trials are required before clinical recommendations can be made.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-27", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1177/02698811261456196", "pubmed_id": "42365488", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261456196", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-05 01:20:22", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42365488\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166465028\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166465028\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1981680557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090590132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2364450135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903300049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970684805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996366481\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118615836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208594145\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200583144\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281253144\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361213071\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385739079\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391537440\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396936065\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402272914\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405267603\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413020215\",\"https://openalex.org/W4416713567\",\"https://openalex.org/W7128430445\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077087820\",\"display_name\":\"Yiğit Özaydın\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9441-036X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117191694\",\"display_name\":\"Buket Canlan Ozaydin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3729-5043\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261456196\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166465028" }, { "id": 3595, "title": "Acute Effects of MDMA Co-administration on the Response to Psilocybin in Healthy Subjects", "normalized_title": "acute effects of mdma co administration on the response to psilocybin in healthy subjects", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "The acute subjective effects of serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor stimulation with psilocybin in humans are mostly positive. However, negative effects such as anxiety, paranoid thinking, or loss of trust towards other people are common effects, depending on the dose administered, the personality traits of the person consuming it (set), or the environment in which psilocybin is taken (setting). Negative psychedelic effects may cause acute distress to the subject and acute anxiety has been linked to less favorable long-term outcomes in patients experimentally treated with psilocybin or similar substances for the treatment of depression. The 5-HT and oxytocin releaser 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) reliably induces positive mood, euphoria, comfort, empathy, and feelings of trust. If administered in combination with psilocybin, MDMA may increase positive subjective drug effects including positive mood, empathy, and trust and reduce negative emotions and anxiety associated with psilocybin and overall produce a more positive over negative experience. The present study will assess subjective and autonomic effects of psilocybin alone and in combination with MDMA. Psilocybin is a classic serotonergic psychedelic. Clinically, the acute effects of psilocybin last shorter than those of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) but are qualitatively very similar. Currently, psilocybin is the most investigated psychedelic substance among the classic psychedelics including LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Psilocybin is capable of inducing exceptional subjective effects such as a dream-like alteration of consciousness, affective changes, psychological insight, visual imagery, pseudo-hallucinations and ego-dissolution. The acute subjective effects elicited by psilocybin are mostly positive in humans. However, psychedelic substances like psilocybin may also cause unpleasant subjective effects like negative thoughts, rumination, anxiety, panic, paranoia, loss of trust towards other people and perceived loss of control, depending on the dose of psilocybin used, the personality traits of the person consuming it (i.e. 'set'), the environment in which it is consumed (i.e. 'setting'), and other factors. Acute negative psychological effects are considered the main risk of psychedelic substance use in humans. Inducing an overall positive acute response to the psychedelic is critical because several studies showed that a more positive experience is predictive of a greater therapeutic long-term effect of the psychedelic. The present study uses 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a pharmacological tool to optimize the effects of psilocybin by inducing positive mood. MDMA is an amphetamine derivative which, unlike prototypical amphetamines, predominantly enhances serotonergic neurotransmission via release of 5-HT through the serotonin transporter (SERT). Furthermore, MDMA is known to trigger oxytocin release which may contribute to its effects to increase trust, prosociality, and enhanced empathy. The state of well-being induced by MDMA including increased activation and emotional excitation is known to be associated with a better response to psychedelics. Due to its psychological profile, MDMA could be a reliable pharmacological tool to serve as an optimizer of a psychedelic experience by inducing positive emotions.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06884514", "keywords": "Healthy, Psilocybin, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Psilocybin placebo, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine placebo, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 23:13:10", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06884514\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Safety", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3525, "title": "Psilocybin Administration With 5-HT1a Blockade", "normalized_title": "psilocybin administration with 5 ht1a blockade", "authors": "Johns Hopkins University", "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of 5-HT1A receptor blockade on the acute subjective effects of psilocybin, as measured through subjective survey measures and acute electroencephalography (EEG). Further, the investigators will assess the effects of psilocybin on post-acute sleep and dreaming through the use of sleep EEG and sleep and dream diaries. This double-blind, randomized, cross-over study (N = 18) will administer a moderate dose of psilocybin trihydrate (18 mg, equivalent to 15 mg psilocybin anhydrate), with pindolol (30 mg), or placebo to assess the effects of 5-HT1A receptor blockade on the acute subjective effects and the acute neurophysiological effects of psilocybin through the use of self-report measures and acute EEG. Participants will also complete sleep and dream diaries 10 days prior to and 10 days following each drug administration session as well as wear an at-home sleep EEG device for 5 days prior to and 5 days following each drug session. This study aims to understand the mechanistic basis of the perceptual changes in the altered state of consciousness induced by psilocybin as well as its effects on post-acute sleep and dreaming.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07565493", "keywords": "Psychedelic Effects in Healthy Volunteers, Pindolol, Placebo, Microcrystalline cellulose placebo, Psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 23:13:10", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07565493\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"EARLY_PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3986, "title": "Mechanistic insights toward dissociating therapeutic from psychedelic effects: bridging the gap between psychedelic research and mental health care", "normalized_title": "mechanistic insights toward dissociating therapeutic from psychedelic effects bridging the gap between psychedelic research and mental health care", "authors": "Mauro Pettorruso, Giacomo d’Andrea, Antonio Inserra, Clara Cavallotto, Stefano Censi, Étienne Billard, Antonio Di Stefano, Luisa De Risio, Maria Giulia Tullo, Claudio D’Addario, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Richard G. Wise, Stefano L. Sensi, Francesca Zoratto, Giovanni Martinotti", "abstract": "Clinical trials investigating psychedelic compounds for depression and anxiety-related disorders are yielding promising preliminary results. Psychedelics produce profound alterations in brain function-such as suppression of the default mode network and thalamocortical dysregulation-leading to intense subjective experiences including ego dissolution and mystical-type states. While often described as meaningful or therapeutic, these effects can also be unpredictable or distressing. Because of these effects, which require labor-intensive, potentially cost-challenging preparation, administration, integration sessions, and exclude individuals with psychiatric vulnerabilities (e.g., bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia), questions remain about their real-world scalability. Consequently, there is growing interest in the possibility of dissociating the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics from their consciousness-altering effects. In this perspective, we examine emerging clinical and preclinical evidence investigating this scientifically timely and pressing question. Pharmacological strategies such as serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R) antagonism and the development of “biased” psychedelic analogues or psychedelic-inspired compounds with reduced or null psychedelic potential may represent potential routes through which therapeutic efficacy may be retained even in the absence of psychedelic experiences. Current preclinical data suggest that downstream molecular and network-level mechanisms may mediate therapeutic effects independently of 5-HT2A R-driven subjective states. Whether these mechanisms can fully substitute for the experiential component of psychedelic therapy remains to be determined. Nonetheless, confirming this dissociation could mark a turning point in psychopharmacology, enabling the development of next-generation psychedelic-inspired treatments that may be more scalable, accessible, and appropriate for a broader range of psychiatric populations.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-06-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-026-04203-2", "pubmed_id": "42342649", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04203-2", "keywords": "Bridging (networking), Psychology, Mental health care, Mental health, Psychotherapist, Psilocybin, Health care, Psychiatry, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Hallucinogen, Mental illness, Mental healthcare, Research Domain Criteria, MEDLINE, Clinical psychology, Cognition, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:34", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165728379\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165728379\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025322992\",\"display_name\":\"Mauro Pettorruso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-3040\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084245539\",\"display_name\":\"Giacomo d’Andrea\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-3960\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084596637\",\"display_name\":\"Antonio Inserra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-5659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047781346\",\"display_name\":\"Clara Cavallotto\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008294181\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Censi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-3508\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072339386\",\"display_name\":\"Étienne Billard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139257801\",\"display_name\":\"Antonio Di Stefano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027800542\",\"display_name\":\"Luisa De Risio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-657X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036499679\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Giulia Tullo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-2063\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079782200\",\"display_name\":\"Claudio D’Addario\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-098X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076048806\",\"display_name\":\"Giorgio Di Lorenzo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-4064\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059929148\",\"display_name\":\"Richard G. Wise\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-2144\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024277256\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano L. Sensi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0710-2574\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080524725\",\"display_name\":\"Francesca Zoratto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3626-8928\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070312407\",\"display_name\":\"Giovanni Martinotti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-2341\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04203-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Personality Change,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7165728379" }, { "id": 3684, "title": "TRIP - TReatment to Improve Depression and/or Anxiety Using Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer on Maintenance Therapy", "normalized_title": "trip treatment to improve depression and or anxiety using psilocybin assisted psychotherapy in patients with advanced cancer on maintenance therapy", "authors": "M.D. Anderson Cancer Center", "abstract": "To learn about the feasibility, safety, and effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy on depression and/or anxiety in participants who are being treated for advanced cancer. Primary Objective To examine the feasibility, safety, effect size estimates of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for participants with depression and/or anxiety who are being actively treated for advanced cancer. Feasibility will be measured as: At least 20% of eligible participants consent and at least 60% of consented participants complete the two doses of treatment. Secondary Objectives 1. Determine whether psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy improves measures of quality of life (e.g., sleep, pain, functional status) and psychosocial well-being (e.g., finding meaning and post-traumatic growth), as measured by the following: PHQ-9, GAD-7, PROMIS-10, PROMIS-A, PROMIS-D, MEQ30 (mystical experience), Flourishing scale, mDES, 5D-ASC (altered states), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. 2. Determine whether psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy improves functional status per clinician-rated outcome measures. 3. Assess the effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy on cancer treatment adherence determined by the likelihood that participants will follow the prescribed treatment (adherence) and continue the treatment for the duration prescribed (persistence) for these maintenance therapies. 4. Measure the change in inflammatory markers (IL6, TNF, and CRP) and in frequency and activation status of peripheral immune cell populations assessed by immune monitoring through flow cytometry. 5. Examine changes in central nervous system plasticity through the use of fMRI, specifically changes in 5-HT2A-rich and higher-order functional networks, as well as a global increase in brain network integration. 6. Evaluate the Impact on MDASI measurements.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06200155", "keywords": "Depression, Anxiety, Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy, Advanced Cancer, Psilocybin, Niacin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06200155\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Wellbeing,Mystical Experience,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3674, "title": "TRIPS - Treatment to Improve Depression and/or Anxiety Using Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy in Cancer Survivors", "normalized_title": "trips treatment to improve depression and or anxiety using psilocybin assisted psychotherapy in cancer survivors", "authors": "M.D. Anderson Cancer Center", "abstract": "This clinical research study is to learn about the feasibility, safety, and effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for cancer survivors with depression and/or anxiety. Primary Objective: To examine the feasibility, safety, effect size estimates of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for cancer survivor patients with depression and/or anxiety. Feasibility will be measured as: At least 20% of eligible patients consent (inclusion rate), at least 60% of consented patients completing the two doses of treatment (treatment completion rate), and at least 80% and 65% consenting patients completing assessments at the 2- and 6-month follow-ups (adherence rates), respectively. Secondary Objectives: 1. Determine whether psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy improves measures of quality of life (e.g., sleep, pain, functional status) and psychosocial well-being (e.g., finding meaning and post-traumatic growth), as measured by the following: PHQ-9, GAD-7, PROMIS-10, PROMIS-A, PROMIS-D, MEQ30 (mystical experience), Flourishing scale, mDES, PIQ (altered states), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. 2. Determine whether psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy improves functional status per clinician-rated outcome measures. 3. Measure the change in inflammatory markers (IL6, TNF, and CRP) and in frequency and activation status of peripheral immune cell populations assessed by immune monitoring through flow cytometry. 4. Examine changes in central nervous system plasticity through the use of fMRI, specifically changes in 5-HT2A-rich and higher-order functional networks, as well as a global increase in brain network integration. 5. Evaluate the Impact on MDASI measurements.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06801041", "keywords": "Depression, Anxiety, Cancer, Psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06801041\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Wellbeing,Mystical Experience,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3987, "title": "Psychedelics and autism spectrum disorder: Mechanistic insights, translational evidence and ethical challenges", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and autism spectrum disorder mechanistic insights translational evidence and ethical challenges", "authors": "Júlio César Claudino dos Santos, Sofia Januário Bolan, Guilherme Lodetti da Silva, Germano Lapa Viana, Eduardo Pacheco Rico, Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves", "abstract": "Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and sensory processing alterations, frequently accompanied by anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and other psychiatric comorbidities. Despite advances in behavioral and pharmacological interventions, effective treatments for core ASD symptoms remain limited. Psychedelic compounds have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents in psychiatry because of their ability to modulate serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling, enhance neuroplasticity, reorganize large-scale brain networks, and influence neurobiological pathways implicated in ASD. In this narrative review, we examine the mechanistic rationale supporting psychedelic-based approaches in ASD, including 5-HT2A receptor activation, oxytocin-serotonin interactions, excitation-inhibition dynamics, functional connectivity, and glutamatergic modulation associated with ketamine and related compounds. We also summarize current clinical and preclinical evidence involving substances such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and ketamine. Particular attention is given to the distinction between core ASD symptoms and associated symptom domains. Current evidence does not support the direct treatment of core social communication deficits or restricted and repetitive behaviors; however, psychedelics may hold greater potential for dimensions such as social anxiety, emotional dysregulation, cognitive rigidity, and co-occurring mood symptoms. Ethical, regulatory, and developmental safety considerations are also discussed, particularly regarding neurodivergent populations and the absence of robust pediatric evidence. Although direct clinical studies in ASD remain scarce, psychedelic-assisted interventions represent a promising translational avenue that warrants further rigorous investigation through carefully designed clinical trials.", "journal": "Journal of Psychiatric Research", "publication_date": "2026-06-22", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.06.035", "pubmed_id": "42385294", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.06.035", "keywords": "Psychology, Autism, Autism spectrum disorder, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive science, MEDLINE, Developmental psychology, Spectrum (functional analysis), Poison control, Psychotherapist, Translational research, Clinical psychology, Human factors and ergonomics, Evidence-based practice, Autism Spectrum Disorder Research, Family and Disability Support Research, Disability Rights and Representation", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:34", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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César Claudino dos Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-481X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092479292\",\"display_name\":\"Sofia Januário Bolan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-3270\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015361517\",\"display_name\":\"Guilherme Lodetti da Silva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-4554\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139178653\",\"display_name\":\"Germano Lapa Viana\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068499405\",\"display_name\":\"Eduardo Pacheco Rico\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0019-328X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075444218\",\"display_name\":\"Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-8885\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S160879026\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychiatric Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.06.035\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7165638399" }, { "id": 34, "title": "Blocking 5-HT2B receptors abolishes psilocybin’s efficacy in the rat forced swim test", "normalized_title": "blocking 5 ht2b receptors abolishes psilocybin s efficacy in the rat forced swim test", "authors": "Lenka Seillier, Alexandre Seillier, Morgan A. Zvolska, Romana Šlamberová", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders worldwide. First-line treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have significant limitations, including delayed onset of therapeutic effects and treatment resistance in about 30% of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that acute administration of serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, produces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects, including in treatment-resistant patients. However, it remains unknown which specific 5-HT receptor subtype mediates psilocybin's antidepressant activity. METHODS: We examined in Wistar rats whether pretreatment with the 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR) antagonist RS-127445 (0.32, 1.0, or 3.2 mg/kg) blocked the rapid (day 1) and sustained (day 21) behavioral effects of a single psilocybin administration (0.32 mg/kg) in the forced swim test (FST), a test with predictive validity for antidepressant efficacy. We also measured the impact of RS-127445 on psilocybin-induced head-twitch response (HTR), a behavioral proxy in rodents for psychedelic properties. RESULTS: Our data showed that psilocybin produced both a rapid and sustained decrease in immobility and an increase in climbing behavior in the FST and significantly increased HTR counts. Although RS-127445 did not affect HTR counts at any tested dose, it dose-dependently reversed both the rapid and sustained psilocybin-induced reductions in immobility and increases in climbing behavior. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that 5-HT2BRs are required for psilocybin's behavioral effects in the FST, but are not required for its HTR. The results add to evidence that psilocybin's predictive validity in the FST can be dissociated from its 5-HT2A-mediated psychedelic effects.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-06-22", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1177/02698811261458349", "pubmed_id": "42334341", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261458349", "keywords": "Behavioural despair test, Serotonergic, Antidepressant, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Antagonist, Tricyclic antidepressant, Serotonin, Psychology, Reuptake inhibitor, Imipramine, Receptor antagonist, Receptor, 5-HT receptor, Internal medicine, Major depressive disorder, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Agonist, Endocrinology, Medicine, Anxiogenic, Pindolol, 5-HT1A receptor, Reuptake, Hallucinogen, Mechanism of action, Neurotransmitter, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165643590\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165643590\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1961364466\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989757811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007107398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012975576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031733304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047129003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054695075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089299823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091064555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091363925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126685404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134518716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287930331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319365136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412428225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2511250611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2564232286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596798372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042758594\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087095811\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127186731\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216485471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206134470\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211263234\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400335852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402327722\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409449430\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410735628\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410737616\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411302754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415713367\",\"https://openalex.org/W7118172518\",\"https://openalex.org/W7152959768\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067927693\",\"display_name\":\"Lenka Seillier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-2290\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002414770\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandre Seillier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-2561\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5139127821\",\"display_name\":\"Morgan A. Zvolska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7335-8022\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081286729\",\"display_name\":\"Romana Šlamberová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-3911\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261458349\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7165643590" }, { "id": 3471, "title": "Psilocybin for PTSD With or Without Psychotherapy: A Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for ptsd with or without psychotherapy a pilot study of safety and efficacy", "authors": "Johns Hopkins University", "abstract": "The proposed open-label, controlled study at the Johns Hopkins Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research (CPCR) will test the following primary hypotheses in adult patients with chronic PTSD who are currently taking a serotonin reuptake inhibitor: psilocybin therapy will be feasible and safe for participants, significantly remediate PTSD symptoms, and enhance wellbeing and quality of life. In addition, the study will examine whether elements of evidence-based trauma-focused psychotherapy enhance treatment response when paired with psilocybin. This study uses a randomized controlled design to compare the safety and efficacy of 2 doses of psilocybin for PTSD. In addition, it will investigate the effects of trauma-focused psychotherapy (which includes standard psychological support) versus standard psychological support alone. Twenty participants will be recruited. Following the first psilocybin session, participants will be randomized to either the trauma-focused psychotherapy (which includes standard psychological support) treatment condition or the standard psychological support treatment condition (the latter being typical for the experimental administration of psilocybin therapy). Both groups will receive identical treatment prior to receiving the first dose of psilocybin, with one group receiving procedures related to trauma-focused psychotherapy (combined with standard psychological support) beginning after receipt of psilocybin. The study will include clinician and participant ratings of PTSD and mood symptoms pre- and post-drug session and monitor and participant ratings of subjective drug effects during and after each drug session. The intervention for both groups will consist of about 8 hours of preparatory meetings (over approximately 2 weeks), followed by 2 psilocybin sessions separated by approximately 2 weeks. The initial psilocybin dose will be 25 mg. The dose for the second session may be increased conditional on the strength of subjective effects, as measured by the Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ30), taken at the end of participants' first psilocybin session. This allows a dose to increase if, for example, concomitant serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce subjective effects. Participants with a score ≥60% of the maximum on the MEQ30 will remain at a dose of 25 mg of psilocybin for the second session. Participants with an MEQ30 score below 60% will receive a dose of 40 mg for the second session. Elevation of dose will also be based on the clinical judgment of the principal investigator, study physician, and study staff that a higher dose can be safely administered. In addition, participants who prefer to not elevate the dose will remain at 25 mg for the second session. To support the participant's therapeutic integration of psilocybin experiences, following each psilocybin session, participants will meet with the session facilitator(s) at multiple scheduled time points. Additional contact hours will be scheduled if it is judged that the participant would benefit from additional meetings to discuss experiences from the session(s) or to prepare for the next session. This study is supported in part by philanthropic contributions from private individuals. These donors are not involved in the design, conduct, or analysis of the research.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-21", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06407635", "keywords": "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Psilocybin, Trauma-focused psychotherapy, Standard psychological support, ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06407635\",\"overall_status\":\"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Mystical Experience,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3990, "title": "Beyond Psychedelic Microdosing: Therapeutic Potential, Neuropharmacology, and Safety Considerations in Low-Dose Psychoactive Use", "normalized_title": "beyond psychedelic microdosing therapeutic potential neuropharmacology and safety considerations in low dose psychoactive use", "authors": "Eric P. Rubenstein", "abstract": "Microdosing and related low-dose psychoactive practices have become increasingly visible in discussions of mental health, cognition, creativity, emotional regulation, pain, sleep, spirituality, and psychological flexibility. However, the term microdosing is often used as if it referred to a single pharmacological phenomenon. More precisely, it describes a low-dose application pattern used across substances with different receptor mechanisms, experiential profiles, therapeutic hypotheses, evidence levels, and safety considerations. This article presents a conceptual and comparative review of psychedelic and psychedelic-adjacent low-dose psychoactive use. It examines classical psychedelics, dissociatives, empathogens, monoamine oxidase inhibitor-containing preparations, non-serotonergic mushroom-derived compounds, natural psychoactive matrices, isolated or synthetic pharmacological comparators, supplement-stacked practices, and relevant co-use variables. Rather than evaluating these substances through generalized assumptions of either benefit or harm, the article classifies them according to therapeutic plausibility, pharmacological mechanism, dose-response relationship, perceptibility, tolerance, neuroplasticity, contextual modulation, interaction potential, product standardization, natural-matrix complexity, and strength of evidence. The article argues that such classification is not optional but necessary. Without separating substance class, material form, dose-response, perceptibility, context, co-use, and evidence strength, microdosing research cannot produce interpretable or scientifically meaningful conclusions.", "journal": "Journal of Advances in Developmental Research", "publication_date": "2026-06-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.71097/ijaidr.v17.i1.1997", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.71097/ijaidr.v17.i1.1997", "keywords": "Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychoactive substance, Psychoactive drug, Hallucinogen, Experiential learning, Experiential knowledge, Medicine, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Clinical psychology, Safety profile, Euphoriant, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166450540\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7166450540\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112555956\",\"display_name\":\"Eric P. Rubenstein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1956-653X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5406942717\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Advances in Developmental Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.71097/ijaidr.v17.i1.1997\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Emotional Processing,Creativity,Spirituality,Psychological Flexibility,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166450540" }, { "id": 1923, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy in treatment-resistant depression: rapid remission, uncertain durability, and the next phase of clinical evidence", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy in treatment resistant depression rapid remission uncertain durability and the next phase of clinical evidence", "authors": "Astrit Sabani, Adnan Khatak", "abstract": "Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge and is typically defined as the persistence of depressive symptoms despite at least two adequate antidepressant trials. Individuals with TRD experience substantial morbidity, impaired functioning, and elevated suicide risk, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies beyond incremental refinements of conventional monoaminergic pharmacotherapy. Psilocybin-assisted therapy has recently emerged as a mechanistically distinct intervention, combining transient 5-HT2A receptor agonism with structured psychological support delivered in supervised sessions. Early randomized trials have demonstrated rapid reductions in depressive symptoms and encouraging short-term remission rates, primarily in patients with major depressive disorder, with more limited but emerging evidence in treatment-resistant populations. However, the central clinical question is not merely whether psilocybin can produce acute improvement, but whether these effects can be sustained without cumulative harm. Current evidence remains limited by modest sample sizes, relatively short follow-up periods, challenges in maintaining blinding, and limited comparisons with established TRD interventions such as esketamine, electroconvulsive therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The durability of benefit beyond several weeks remains an open clinical question, and the implications of repeated dosing are not yet well established. In addition, implementation demands substantial therapeutic infrastructure, raising questions regarding scalability, cost, and equitable access. Future research should prioritize standardized definitions of treatment resistance, recognition of clinical heterogeneity within TRD populations, longer-term outcomes, rigorous active comparators, improved trial methodology, safety monitoring, and cost-effectiveness analyses to determine the appropriate clinical role of psilocybin-assisted therapy.", "journal": "Annals of Medicine and Surgery", "publication_date": "2026-06-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1097/ms9.0000000000005244", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000005244", "keywords": "Medicine, Electroconvulsive therapy, Major depressive disorder, Dosing, Clinical trial, Psychological intervention, Intensive care medicine, Treatment-resistant depression, Antidepressant, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Randomized controlled trial, Translational research, Clinical research, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, MEDLINE, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Monoaminergic, Clinical endpoint, Multimodal therapy, Evidence-based medicine, Placebo, Depressive symptoms, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:49:23", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165127045\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165127045\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2541285986\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320888625\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386765496\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138876543\",\"display_name\":\"Astrit Sabani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077347061\",\"display_name\":\"Adnan Khatak\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226177\",\"source_display_name\":\"Annals of Medicine and Surgery\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000005244\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7165127045" }, { "id": 43, "title": "Short- and Long-Acting Psychedelics: Structure-Activity Relationships, Pharmacology, and Implications for Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics.", "normalized_title": "short and long acting psychedelics structure activity relationships pharmacology and implications for neuropsychiatric therapeutics", "authors": "Bhat A, Zolali E, Sakib MA, Rahimian M, McMahon LR, German N, Obeng S", "abstract": "Psychedelics have re-emerged as promising therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. While their beneficial effects are largely attributed to serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation, psychedelics exhibit substantial diversity in chemical structure, receptor binding kinetics, metabolism, and duration of action. These differences underpin the distinction between short-acting psychedelics like -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-DMT, and long-acting compounds like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline. Short-acting psychedelics may offer advantages in clinical settings where brief therapeutic sessions are preferred, while long-acting agents may be relatively more effective for clinical outcomes. This review highlights the chemistry, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacology of both short- and long-acting psychedelics. We examine key functional group modifications that influence receptor binding affinity, efficacy, and duration. By integrating insights from synthetic chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical effects, this review provides a framework for rational psychedelic drug development aimed at producing next-generation antidepressants, anxiolytics, and substance use disorder treatments with controlled and predictable clinical effects.", "journal": "ACS chemical neuroscience", "publication_date": "2026-06-16", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.6c00202", "pubmed_id": "42257400", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42257400/", "keywords": "5-HT2A, long-acting, psilocybin, psychedelics, short-acting", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:34", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"42257400\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3997, "title": "THE PSYCHEDELIC AND KETAMINE RENAISSANCE IN THE FACE OF THE CRISIS IN MODERN PSYCHIATRY", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic and ketamine renaissance in the face of the crisis in modern psychiatry", "authors": "Julia Osipowska, Marlena Kwolek, Alicja Judzińska, Bartosz Piech, Kamila Sobczyńska, Justyna Ignarska, Magda Terbosh, Sabina Kubicz `Mzabi, Emilia Trojanowska, Magdalena Dubaj", "abstract": "Introduction: Contemporary psychiatry is grappling with a profound stagnation in innovation. It is primarily relying on the chronic management of symptoms through traditional daily-dose pharmacotherapy. The emergence of psychedelics and ketamine marks a significant departure from this model. It is offering rapid-acting, interventional alternatives that target the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of mental disorders rather than mere symptom suppression. Purpose: The primary objective of this article is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of psychedelics and ketamine as catalysts for a new paradigm in mental healthcare. The paper aims to synthesize current knowledge on 5-HT2A receptor agonism, the development of next-generation non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens, and the ethical-legal challenges associated with implementing these treatments in the global and Polish healthcare systems. Methodology: This study employs a multidisciplinary literature review, integrating recent findings from neuropsychopharmacology, clinical trial outcomes, and bioethical analysis. It compares the efficacy and administration models of classic psychedelics against conventional treatments (e.g., SSRIs) and examines the socioeconomic factors influencing the democratization of these therapies. Conclusions: The \"psychedelic renaissance\" necessitates the adoption of a new language for psychiatry, rooted in neuroplasticity and connectivity. To achieve widespread scalability, the field must focus on isolating the plasticity effect and utilizing short-acting tryptamines to reduce clinical resource burdens. Furthermore, for Poland to actively participate in this medical revolution, urgent legislative harmonization and robust ethical frameworks regarding patient suggestibility are required.", "journal": "International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science", "publication_date": "2026-06-14", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5605", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5605", "keywords": "Multidisciplinary approach, Psychology, Mental health, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Bioethics, Face (sociological concept), Medicine, Licensure, Democratization, History of psychiatry, Global mental health, Clinical trial, Pharmaceutical industry, Consumerism, Resource (disambiguation), Ketamine, Sociology, Suggestibility, Mental illness, Psilocybin, Somatization, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165128977\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7165128977\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1914381346\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976410377\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981097208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016292245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021947606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072219714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079355643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089198034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109309568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150537415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150903999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168851339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2214953116\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291443053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2502966081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546705233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2579967741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594365286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751884637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2779386549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790275773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804917940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938570586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946661342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955092509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016483318\",\"https://openalex.org/W3030621996\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128054002\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132500005\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137976016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162130219\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211131282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214573523\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225409607\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285891880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377967799\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383186683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385196900\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385396235\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407357392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409338542\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412979403\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413783376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4416645953\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109021012\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Osipowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9024-9908\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138908314\",\"display_name\":\"Marlena Kwolek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1428-1103\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138923790\",\"display_name\":\"Alicja Judzińska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7525-4012\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093208478\",\"display_name\":\"Bartosz Piech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7900-5469\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138940313\",\"display_name\":\"Kamila Sobczyńska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0938-1711\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120551486\",\"display_name\":\"Justyna Ignarska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0340-8240\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138889998\",\"display_name\":\"Magda Terbosh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3756-3394\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138312424\",\"display_name\":\"Sabina Kubicz `Mzabi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2788-5538\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135857261\",\"display_name\":\"Emilia Trojanowska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135278593\",\"display_name\":\"Magdalena Dubaj\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4429-2679\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210206754\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5605\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7165128977" }, { "id": 3998, "title": "Acute Hallucinogen Intoxication Following Ingestion of a Commercially Available Mushroom Extract Product: A Case Report", "normalized_title": "acute hallucinogen intoxication following ingestion of a commercially available mushroom extract product a case report", "authors": "Akemini J Udoro, Yadanar Yukyi, Ali Z Ansari, Hiram A Gandara, Fizza Ahmed, Derek Hunt", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a naturally occurring hallucinogen known to produce alterations in perception, cognition, and autonomic function through its effects on central serotonergic pathways. Products marketed as “mushroom” formulations may contain psilocybin or related psychoactive compounds despite ambiguous labeling and limited regulatory clarity, creating diagnostic challenges for clinicians in acute care settings. We present the case of an 18-year-old female with no prior medical or psychiatric history who presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset severe anxiety, agitation, tremors, diaphoresis, and vivid visual and auditory hallucinations shortly after ingesting a commercially available mushroom product purchased from a gas station. According to the patient and her boyfriend, she rapidly developed paranoid ideation and marked perceptual distortions, including the belief that her surroundings were moving and threatening her, prompting emergent evaluation. On arrival, she was tachycardic and tachypneic with dilated pupils, pronounced psychomotor agitation, and hypervigilant behavior, while remaining alert, oriented, and without focal neurologic deficits. Initial diagnostic evaluation revealed mild metabolic abnormalities without evidence of co-ingestion, pregnancy, or end-organ dysfunction, and electrocardiography demonstrated an apparent irregular rhythm initially concerning for atrial fibrillation that was subsequently determined to represent sinus rhythm with tremor-related artifact. The diagnosis of psilocybin-associated hallucinogen intoxication was reached through careful history-taking, exclusion of alternative etiologies such as primary psychosis, serotonin syndrome, or other toxic ingestions, and observation of symptom resolution with supportive care. Diagnostic uncertainty was heightened by the absence of confirmatory toxicology testing and the nonspecific labeling of the ingested product, necessitating reliance on clinical pattern recognition and response to treatment. The patient was managed with intravenous fluids and repeated doses of benzodiazepines, resulting in gradual resolution of autonomic instability, agitation, and hallucinations, and she returned to baseline mental status prior to discharge. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by commercially available mushroom products and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and supportive management in suspected psilocybin intoxication. Recognition of characteristic clinical features, coupled with exclusion of dangerous mimics, remains essential for safe disposition and effective patient counseling.", "journal": "Cureus", "publication_date": "2026-06-12", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.110791", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.110791", "keywords": "Medicine, Ingestion, Mushroom, Hallucinogen, Traditional medicine, Mushroom poisoning, Poison control, Pharmacology, Anesthesia, Cleanser, Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164736485\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164736485\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2756118668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007379062\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009264042\",\"https://openalex.org/W3040931347\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091874418\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203128580\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214903520\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399897612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407767327\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138592501\",\"display_name\":\"Akemini J Udoro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138626643\",\"display_name\":\"Yadanar Yukyi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138602785\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Z Ansari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5118826901\",\"display_name\":\"Hiram A Gandara\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138595036\",\"display_name\":\"Fizza Ahmed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138618929\",\"display_name\":\"Derek Hunt\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2738950867\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cureus\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.110791\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Healthcare Workers,Toxicity", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7164736485" }, { "id": 54, "title": "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic rational for expanding the therapeutic landscape of psilocybin beyond depression", "normalized_title": "pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic rational for expanding the therapeutic landscape of psilocybin beyond depression", "authors": "J. Mingardi, R. Molteni, F. Bifari", "abstract": "", "journal": "Pharmacological Research", "publication_date": "2026-06-10", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108290", "pubmed_id": "42276399", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108290", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Medicine, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Pharmacodynamics, Hallucinogen, MEDLINE, Neuroscience, Serotonin Antagonists, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164387819\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164387819\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2065840120\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220763359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412727285\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414267802\",\"https://openalex.org/W7117455658\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138478300\",\"display_name\":\"J. Mingardi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138402981\",\"display_name\":\"R. Molteni\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050614781\",\"display_name\":\"F. Bifari\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S54485712\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacological Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108290\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7164387819" }, { "id": 3686, "title": "PRISMatic: A Phase 1b Randomized, Double-Armed, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Psilocybin Efficacy With or Without Pimavanserin Pretreatment", "normalized_title": "prismatic a phase 1b randomized double armed parallel group placebo controlled trial of psilocybin efficacy with or without pimavanserin pretreatment", "authors": "Johns Hopkins University", "abstract": "Twenty healthy adults (≥21 years old) will be enrolled to evaluate the efficacy of a single oral dose of psilocybin (25 mg) administered with or without pretreatment using oral pimavanserin (34 mg) or placebo. Outcome assessments will occur at 1 week and 1 month following psilocybin administration. The purpose of this study is to clarify the receptor-level mechanisms underlying psilocybin's effects on mood and well-being, along with the associated neurophysiologic signatures. These mechanisms will be examined using psychometric scales, autonomic and fMRI-based neurophysiologic markers, and integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-06-07", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07610135", "keywords": "Mood (Psychological Function), Well Being, Mood, Healthy, Psilocybin, Pimavanserin, Nuplazid, Inactive Placebo, NOT_YET_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07610135\",\"overall_status\":\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\",\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 44, "title": "Psychedelics disrupt hierarchical cortical propagations in the default mode network of humans and mice", "normalized_title": "psychedelics disrupt hierarchical cortical propagations in the default mode network of humans and mice", "authors": "Adam R. Pines, Xue Zhang, John Kochalka, Sam Vesuna, Isaac Kauvar, Divya Rajasekharan, T. Rick Reneau, Teddy J. Akiki, Laura M. Hack, Joshua S. Siegel, Leanne M. Williams", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs are poised to become mainstream treatments, yet we lack a circuit-level account of how they reshape brain activity. Emerging evidence suggests that multiple psychedelic compounds modulate activity in the brain's default mode network (DMN), often interpreted as either increased or decreased bottom-up hierarchical processing. Most imaging studies, however, quantify activity as if it were stationary, remaining agnostic to the ascending or descending movements of activity that defines hierarchical processing. Here, we adapt optical flow analyses to track frame-to-frame trajectories of DMN activity across four independent datasets (humans and mice; methylenedioxymethamphetamine, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide; nine drug-vs.-control contrasts). In functional magnetic resonance and calcium imaging, all psychedelics attenuate signal flow magnitude and bottom-up directionality within the DMN. Propagation attenuation is not attributable to data quality or previously documented effects of psychedelics and is uniquely associated with self-reported outcomes. This replicable and generalizable attenuation of bottom-up cortical propagations provides fundamental clarification of the effects of psychedelics on macroscale hierarchical processing.", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publication_date": "2026-06-07", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2522000123", "pubmed_id": "42258710", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2522000123", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Default mode network, Calcium imaging, Psychology, Consciousness, Computer science, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Subliminal stimuli, Attenuation, Premovement neuronal activity, Communication, Skew, Object (grammar), Hierarchical database model, Physics, SIGNAL (programming language), Brain activity and meditation, Brain mapping, Nerve net, Mode (computer interface), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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R. Pines\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100445881\",\"display_name\":\"Xue Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-899X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103154732\",\"display_name\":\"John Kochalka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-6340\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014608597\",\"display_name\":\"Sam Vesuna\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076848733\",\"display_name\":\"Isaac Kauvar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1336-0721\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138196272\",\"display_name\":\"Divya Rajasekharan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138149780\",\"display_name\":\"T. Rick Reneau\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088557452\",\"display_name\":\"Teddy J. Akiki\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1988-9201\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138122675\",\"display_name\":\"Laura M. Hack\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138179390\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua S. Siegel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134608679\",\"display_name\":\"Leanne M. Williams\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S125754415\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2522000123\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7163899681" }, { "id": 66, "title": "Classic Psychedelics for Chronic Pain: A Critical Review of the Literature and Practical Advice for Clinicians", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics for chronic pain a critical review of the literature and practical advice for clinicians", "authors": "Kevin F. Boehnke, Niloufar Pouyan, Jacob S. Aday", "abstract": "Chronic pain is common, costly, and for many, remains inadequately treated by existing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches. In parallel with growing dissatisfaction with conventional therapies, classic serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ayahuasca, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and mescaline, administered alone or within psychedelic-assisted therapy models, have re-emerged as potential therapeutic tools for a range of health conditions, including chronic pain. In this review, we examine putative mechanisms of action relevant to pain, including effects on neuroplasticity, inflammation, large-scale brain network dynamics, and higher-order psychological processes, such as pain acceptance and cognitive flexibility. We also briefly overview findings from relevant preclinical models for pain. We then summarize recent observational studies and early-phase clinical trials that highlight preliminary signals of benefit across multiple pain conditions, including fibromyalgia, migraine, cluster headache, and other chronic pain syndromes. In addition, we critically evaluate safety considerations, contraindications, drug-drug interactions, and key regulatory challenges that will shape both research and clinical implementation of psychedelics for chronic pain. Finally, we offer pragmatic guidance for clinicians to work more skillfully with patients choosing to use these substances on their own. Although the existing literature suggests mechanistic plausibility and promising preliminary outcomes, the field is limited by small sample sizes, functional unblinding, and a lack of large, well-controlled randomized trials. We conclude by outlining critical methodological priorities and future research directions needed to rigorously evaluate the potential role of psychedelic compounds in the treatment of chronic pain.", "journal": "Drugs", "publication_date": "2026-06-03", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s40265-026-02339-5", "pubmed_id": "42243569", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-026-02339-5", "keywords": "Advice (programming), Medicine, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Pharmacotherapy, MEDLINE, Alternative medicine, Intensive care medicine, Family medicine, Clinical psychology, Psychology, Public health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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F. Boehnke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-3979\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063616061\",\"display_name\":\"Niloufar Pouyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-3528\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025692890\",\"display_name\":\"Jacob S. Aday\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-8530\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4436492\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-026-02339-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Observational Study,Animal Study,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions,Contraindications,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7163536837" }, { "id": 63, "title": "Current status and future prospects of research on psilocybin's regulation of neurotransmitters and their receptors related to the pathogenesis of tinnitus", "normalized_title": "current status and future prospects of research on psilocybin s regulation of neurotransmitters and their receptors related to the pathogenesis of tinnitus", "authors": "Shuhan Lu, Zhixin Zhang, Xinmiao Xue, Yuke Jiang, Chi Zhang, Peng Liu (120506), Dongdong He, Shen Weidong, Shiming Yang, Fangyuan Wang", "abstract": "", "journal": "Hearing Research", "publication_date": "2026-06-03", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.heares.2026.109701", "pubmed_id": "42289149", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2026.109701", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Tinnitus, Pathogenesis, Receptor, Medicine, Current (fluid), Neurotransmitter Agents, Neurotransmission, Neurotransmitter, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mast cells and histamine, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-3930\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S82774605\",\"source_display_name\":\"Hearing Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2026.109701\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7163574586" }, { "id": 3647, "title": "Imaging the Effects of Serotonin 2A Receptor Modulation on Synaptic Density in Treatment-resistant Depression (SYNVEST)", "normalized_title": "imaging the effects of serotonin 2a receptor modulation on synaptic density in treatment resistant depression synvest", "authors": "Centre for Addiction and Mental Health", "abstract": "Limit: 5000 characters. Psilocybin, the chemical component of \"magic mushrooms\", has been administered with psychotherapy in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showing large and sustained antidepressant effects. In healthy volunteers, the psychedelic effects of psilocybin have been shown to be blocked by administration of certain medications such as risperidone. The purpose of this study is to use an established SV2A radiotracer produced at our Centre to determine the feasibility of integrating PET imaging in to psilocybin trials. The preliminary imaging data will assess whether psilocybin's antidepressant effects are related to changes in synaptic density in adults with TRD, and whether any changes in synaptic density are associated with psilocybin's actions on the 5-HT2AR.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-05-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06512220", "keywords": "Treatment Resistant Depression, Psilocybin 25 mg, PEX010, Risperidone 1 MG, MAR-Risperidone, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06512220\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 77, "title": "Psilocybin Decreases Preference for Large Rewards Accompanied by Increased Activity of Parvalbumin Neurons With Perineuronal Nets in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex", "normalized_title": "psilocybin decreases preference for large rewards accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex", "authors": "Jenna Houff, Andrew Williams, Obie Allen, Barbara Gisabella, Harry Pantazopoulos, Alberto Del Arco", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin may be an effective treatment for substance use disorders. Choice impulsivity is a value-based decision-making bias that predicts drug-intake escalation and is commonly associated with substance use disorders. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex regulates choice impulsivity and is enriched with 5-HT2A receptors that mediate effects of psilocybin. We hypothesized that psilocybin has long-term (≥ 48 h) effects on choice impulsivity in association with dorsomedial prefrontal cortex inhibitory interneurons with perineuronal nets (PNNs). Male Long Evans rats were trained in a delay discounting task where rats chose between delayed large rewards and immediate small rewards. Forty-eight hours after psilocybin or vehicle injections, delay discounting was assessed and rats' brains processed for microscopy analysis of extracellular matrix (PNNs) together with inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activity. Psilocybin acutely increased head-twitch responses. Psilocybin decreased large reward choices and increased the latency to large reward choices 48 h after administration. These effects were independent of delay and therefore not consistent with changes in impulsivity. Psilocybin also increased the density of triple-labelled neurons (PNN + PV + cFos) in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that psilocybin decreases appetitive motivation through the increased activation of PV interneurons with PNNs in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.", "journal": "European Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2026-05-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/ejn.70574", "pubmed_id": "42226515", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70574", "keywords": "Prefrontal cortex, Psilocybin, Parvalbumin, Impulsivity, Neuroscience, Psychology, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, GABAergic, Perineuronal net, Premovement neuronal activity, Glutamatergic, Hallucinogen, Temporal discounting, Somatosensory system, Interneuron, Electrophysiology, Glutamate receptor, Cognition, Delay discounting, Orbitofrontal cortex, Insular cortex, Postsynaptic potential, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Houff\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121310123\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Williams\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137639193\",\"display_name\":\"Obie Allen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080149200\",\"display_name\":\"Barbara Gisabella\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-790X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090063874\",\"display_name\":\"Harry Pantazopoulos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-8377\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103847587\",\"display_name\":\"Alberto Del Arco\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S171130801\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70574\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7163205006" }, { "id": 53, "title": "Psilocybin restores behavior and 5-HT2A signaling while reducing microglial density after chronic traumatic brain injury in rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin restores behavior and 5 ht2a signaling while reducing microglial density after chronic traumatic brain injury in rats", "authors": "Josh Allen, Bianca Jupp, Tamara L. Baker, Mohammad B. Haskali, Robert Brkljača, Zoe Plummer, Mujun Sun, Justin Brand, Brian R. Christie, Chantel T. Debert, Stuart J. McDonald, Terence J. O’Brien, Pablo M. Casillas-Espinosa, Sandy R. Shultz", "abstract": "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes persistent neurobehavioral deficits and increases the risk of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction linked to disrupted neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, and serotonergic (5-HT) signaling. No effective pharmacotherapies exist for chronic TBI. Psilocybin, a psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonist, shows promise due to its neuroplasticity-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant effects. Here, male rats received fluid-percussion or sham injury, followed one year later by a single psilocybin (1 mg/kg) or saline injection. Behavioral testing began 24 h later, and positron emission tomography assessed 5-HT2A binding after two weeks. TBI produced persistent sensorimotor, learning and memory, and affective deficits; reduced 5-HT2A binding; and microglial alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex characterized by decreased process branching and enlarged soma size. Psilocybin treatment could improve sensorimotor function, restore 5-HT2A binding, and reduce microglial cell counts. These findings highlight psilocybin's therapeutic potential in chronic TBI and support further investigation of psychedelic treatments.", "journal": "Cell Reports Medicine", "publication_date": "2026-05-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102867", "pubmed_id": "42285092", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102867", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Traumatic brain injury, Prefrontal cortex, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Psychology, Depression (economics), Neuroplasticity, Anesthesia, Cognition, Fluoxetine, Central nervous system, Hippocampus, Pharmacology, Hippocampal formation, Hallucinogen, Cognitive flexibility, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164582898\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164582898\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W282097497\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582179550\",\"https://openalex.org/W1599691548\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964223116\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967189169\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968345651\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996965924\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999934730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005114459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016647678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025845189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035408187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048443834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066333062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067451082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080017034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080185746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087412997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150025648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2178224036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290718261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2345917271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586825713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767813783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796819223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799831564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801625478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907553313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909897542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919241137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2941251312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942350530\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039107584\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122084099\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163918973\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164793453\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184845084\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200055187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200506456\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206233669\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210297019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221057587\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238168837\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283070601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285591556\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316036302\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321501908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387969794\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388268207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390064715\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390615076\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394757998\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395006819\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403450928\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403809829\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406974730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411302754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411662399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414171615\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415923681\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021165179\",\"display_name\":\"Josh Allen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078740195\",\"display_name\":\"Bianca Jupp\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-9170\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026428711\",\"display_name\":\"Tamara L. Baker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035832224\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad B. Haskali\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-2084\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065884453\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Brkljača\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-2276\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138484014\",\"display_name\":\"Zoe Plummer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026851012\",\"display_name\":\"Mujun Sun\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-9913\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004717925\",\"display_name\":\"Justin Brand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4927-8438\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007027911\",\"display_name\":\"Brian R. Christie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-0160\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138530957\",\"display_name\":\"Chantel T. Debert\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075491539\",\"display_name\":\"Stuart J. McDonald\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-3179\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138536180\",\"display_name\":\"Terence J. O’Brien\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138494799\",\"display_name\":\"Pablo M. Casillas-Espinosa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078165559\",\"display_name\":\"Sandy R. Shultz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2525-8775\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207453\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cell Reports Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102867\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7164582898" }, { "id": 89, "title": "Classic psychedelics and personality: An updated systematic review", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics and personality an updated systematic review", "authors": "Anna Beatriz Vicentini, Caio Cesar de Paula, José Augusto Silva Reis, José Carlos Bouso, Jaime E. C. Hallak, Rafael G. dos Santos", "abstract": "Background: The impact of classic psychedelics (5-HT2A receptor agonists) on personality traits has been studied for decades, and it has been hypothesized that the mechanisms underlying these changes are linked to agonism at cortical serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors. However, research results are contradictory. Therefore, the present paper aims to systematically evaluate the effects of psychedelics on personality, updating (2016-2024) a previous systematic review by Bouso and collaborators (2018). The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ID for this study is CRD42024582704. Method: Systematic review using four databases (PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, and SciELO) including randomized controlled trials, open-label, and observational studies. Interventions included the consumption of any classic psychedelic (lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, ayahuasca/dimethyltryptamine, mescaline), and the studies were required to use some instrument for personality assessment. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to conduct the data collection. Results: Out of 6043 references screened, 48 studies were included: 14 experimental and 34 observational. The most consistent findings were increases in Openness and reductions in Neuroticism, especially with psilocybin and ayahuasca. Changes in other traits, such as Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, were more variable. Microdosing was associated with modest reductions in Neuroticism and higher Absorption. Most studies used instruments based on the Five-Factor Model, reflecting its growing dominance. Conclusions: Classic psychedelics seem to promote lasting personality changes, most consistently increasing Openness and reducing Neuroticism. Future research would benefit from combining experimental and naturalistic designs, using longer follow-up periods and more diverse personality models to better understand the interplay between psychedelics and personality, thus providing a more accurate guide for clinical use.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-05-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1177/02698811261449386", "pubmed_id": "42218644", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261449386", "keywords": "Psychology, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Big Five personality traits, Psilocybin, Personality, Extraversion and introversion, Systematic review, Psychological intervention, Clinical psychology, Openness to experience, Personality Assessment Inventory, Observational study, Hierarchical structure of the Big Five, Cognitive psychology, Social psychology, Psychotherapist, Intervention (counseling), Developmental psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162942623\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162942623\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1927642689\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972616052\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980506392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054515032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055425103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060762300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071559616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080055240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122570507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128175729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134555277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136219431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147767615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150803086\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154284320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156098321\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2300458685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413873059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2497269548\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519170540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546678366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790959730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797933260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809259505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2920559226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980427698\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004031348\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009608926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023494493\",\"https://openalex.org/W3029260735\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044516305\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082331760\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107630502\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109765150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134742026\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149676623\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158642864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3167904654\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191241244\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202537739\",\"https://openalex.org/W3212419057\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216348943\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206147469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225411286\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232024617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284665615\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292370110\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307554429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362452269\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378549583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379093876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386021261\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387033334\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387218683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387389328\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387670228\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389053603\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390026164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390825728\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391513139\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391610480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391734692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396624687\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401123563\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402238710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403611356\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404933083\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405955644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408996040\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5097081448\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Beatriz Vicentini\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126283858\",\"display_name\":\"Caio Cesar de Paula\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031940067\",\"display_name\":\"José Augusto Silva Reis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5397-4751\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032347558\",\"display_name\":\"José Carlos Bouso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-9407\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137500094\",\"display_name\":\"Jaime E. C. Hallak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137471532\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael G. dos Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4745\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261449386\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Personality Change,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162942623" }, { "id": 1938, "title": "Single-dose psilocybin with CBT more effective than nicotine patch for smoking cessation", "normalized_title": "single dose psilocybin with cbt more effective than nicotine patch for smoking cessation", "authors": "", "abstract": "", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2026-05-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/pu.31467", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31467", "keywords": "Medicine, Psilocybin, Smoking cessation, Nicotine patch, Nicotine, Nicotine dependence, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, MEDLINE, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:49:23", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162751456\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162751456\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31467\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162751456" }, { "id": 1937, "title": "Effect of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy on anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy on anxiety symptoms a systematic review and meta analysis", "authors": "Alex Hood, Gary ELKINS", "abstract": "Abstract Background and Aims Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a novel, transdiagnostic treatment in which the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin is combined with psychotherapy. Studies to date have evaluated PAP's effects on depression, substance use, and end-of-life adjustment. Relatively less attention has been given to its effects on anxiety symptoms, which are highly comorbid with other psychiatric conditions and are a leading cause of global disability. This review systematically evaluated evidence for PAP's effects on anxiety symptoms across diagnoses, with attention to variations in interventional components across studies. Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were completed in six databases and independent reviewers screened records. Study quality was assessed and data extracted on participant demographics and intervention features. Random-effects models estimated within- and between-group effects from baseline to primary endpoint. Results Twenty-five studies were determined eligible for inclusion. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in psychotherapy format, dosing, session structure, and outcome timing. Pooled results showed a large within-groups effect on anxiety after controlling for measurement artifacts (Hedge's g = 0.96) and a small between-groups effect (Hedge's g = 0.48). High heterogeneity persisted even after controlling for the influence of different anxiety measures and moderators related to intervention formulation and delivery. Conclusions PAP shows promise for reducing anxiety across primary diagnoses. However, variability in study quality, interventional design, sample representativeness, and high heterogeneity warrant caution in interpretation. More rigorous, high-quality trials with diverse populations are needed. Implications and directions for future research are summarized.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2026-05-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2026.00507", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2026.00507", "keywords": "Anxiety, Clinical psychology, Intervention (counseling), Psychology, Psychotherapist, Systematic review, Demographics, Randomized controlled trial, Psychological intervention, Clinical trial, Sample size determination, MEDLINE, Meta-analysis, Anxiety disorder, Psychiatry, Medicine, Specific phobia, Substance use, Session (web analytics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:49:23", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162785692\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162785692\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1987138256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021593215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021803359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026789649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029637260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065796326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074598859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107328434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112953965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145576372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2468643947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600378660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901724277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910235276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912626077\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924322406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927560891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991510409\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000661394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014277121\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3141256924\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183684219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205622941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200214647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200408156\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225308749\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225982601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307773202\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309360340\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320480665\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321097050\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386849390\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387737676\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390918459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392657822\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396588878\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398774731\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399215777\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400279567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400695899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402476560\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402554692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402748917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405122998\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405376152\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406141686\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406240577\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408808337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409286565\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410030136\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413190735\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413889891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414374510\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095491420\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Hood\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009557677\",\"display_name\":\"Gary ELKINS\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2026.00507\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162785692" }, { "id": 92, "title": "Effects of psilocybin on sleep quality and brain microstructure in chronic cluster headache", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on sleep quality and brain microstructure in chronic cluster headache", "authors": "Kristoffer Brendstrup-Brix, Brice Ozenne, Patrick M. Fisher, Dea S. Stenbæk, Anja S. Petersen, Sophia Armand, Drummond E-Wen. McCulloch, Maja Rou Marstrand-Joergensen, Sara M. Ulv Larsen, Annette Johansen, R O B V Jensen, Gitte M. Knudsen, M.K. Madsen", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic cluster headache (CCH) suffer from poor sleep, which may impact their brain microstructure and parenchymal clearance of waste products. Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of CCH and has been linked to increased neuroplasticity with possible influences on brain microstructure. AIMS: To investigate the effects of psilocybin on sleep, brain water diffusivity, and microstructure in CCH. METHODS: Eleven CCH patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRI and subjective sleep quality assessment with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and 1 week after three psilocybin administrations (0.14 mg/kg) spaced 1 week apart. Measures taken prior to intervention were also compared to 24 healthy controls, and subjective sleep quality was related to brain microstructure and diffusivity across groups. RESULTS: = 0.015). When analyzing brain microstructure and water diffusivity in conjunction, we found differences between CCH patients and controls, which were primarily driven by differences in grey matter. On average, psilocybin intervention in CCH patients was not associated with statistically significant changes in brain microstructure or water diffusivity. However, most patients exhibited lower white matter diffusivity and neurite volume after intervention. Subjective sleep quality showed borderline significant correlations of moderate effect size with brain microstructure and water diffusivity. CONCLUSION: Subjective sleep quality improved in CCH patients after psilocybin and showed some evidence of an association with measures of brain microstructure and water diffusivity. CLINICALTRIALS: gov identifiers:Prophylactic Effects of Psilocybin on Chronic Cluster Headache (EPOCH; NCT04280055) and The Neurobiological Effect of 5-HT2AR Modulation (NeuroPharm2; NCT03289949).", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-05-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1177/02698811261449380", "pubmed_id": "42212900", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261449380", "keywords": "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psilocybin, Grey matter, Medicine, Anesthesia, Psychology, White matter, Sleep (system call), Internal medicine, Sleep quality, Crossover study, Cluster headache, Sleep disorder, Quality of life (healthcare), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Migraine and Headache Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162798090\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162798090\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1597940528\",\"https://openalex.org/W1729779209\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974298244\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984453610\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986545425\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003397372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102033847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113619522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120414185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127309075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136145485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151487996\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167183660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167399182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286648545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413955537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2583421592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768876632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2776811182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792306715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801085490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886135972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896007571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947426935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970898057\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977883299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008898407\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015902292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3104356633\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107150606\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125378830\",\"https://openalex.org/W3145545686\",\"https://openalex.org/W3174100758\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3186659958\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210578847\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210386419\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211228087\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211245039\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212825543\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214823203\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220753844\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220805356\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223896486\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361304609\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385987345\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391036082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391898793\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394808303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395691328\",\"https://openalex.org/W4397032013\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400317821\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403392138\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404321372\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409286565\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054721141\",\"display_name\":\"Kristoffer Brendstrup-Brix\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8683-4277\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137310021\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137362526\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137327025\",\"display_name\":\"Dea S. Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137356637\",\"display_name\":\"Anja S. Petersen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086179765\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Armand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137369840\",\"display_name\":\"Drummond E-Wen. McCulloch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-5224\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031514106\",\"display_name\":\"Maja Rou Marstrand-Joergensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-7823\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137359067\",\"display_name\":\"Sara M. Ulv Larsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-2430\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072267838\",\"display_name\":\"Annette Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-2368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125212892\",\"display_name\":\"R O B V Jensen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113999896\",\"display_name\":\"M.K. Madsen\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261449380\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162798090" }, { "id": 91, "title": "A spatiotemporal gating hypothesis for psilocybin plasticity: reconciling the 5-HT₂A-TrkB mechanistic paradox", "normalized_title": "a spatiotemporal gating hypothesis for psilocybin plasticity reconciling the 5 ht₂a trkb mechanistic paradox", "authors": "Gang Pei", "abstract": "", "journal": "Cell Discovery", "publication_date": "2026-05-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41421-026-00906-4", "pubmed_id": "42215437", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-026-00906-4", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Gating, Neuroscience, Chemistry, Computer science, Sensory gating, Bursting, Mechanism (biology), Biology, Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162775771\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162775771\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137361960\",\"display_name\":\"Gang Pei\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764388416\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cell Discovery\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-026-00906-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162775771" }, { "id": 67, "title": "Studies on enzymatic hydrolysis of psilocin- O -glucuronide for screening of psilocin in human urine by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry", "normalized_title": "studies on enzymatic hydrolysis of psilocin o glucuronide for screening of psilocin in human urine by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry", "authors": "David A Barajas, Heather C Noda Carter, Michael R Tomedi, Hiu Yu Lam, Tiffany N Deloatch, Gregory D Reynolds, Marisol S. Castaneto, Pucheng Ke", "abstract": "Psilocin is a psychedelic indole alkaloid and one of the major human metabolites of its phosphorylated precursor, psilocybin. Psilocin binds to the serotonin receptor, 5-HT2A, and dose-dependently induces hallucinogenic effects stronger than psilocybin. As a result, psilocin has been a drug of interest in the analytical toxicology community for years. In vivo, a majority of psilocin is metabolized to and excreted in urine as psilocin-O-glucuronide. Therefore, efficient conversion of psilocin-O-glucuronide to free psilocin directly impacts urine psilocin testing. Due to the chemical lability and light sensitivity of psilocin, the hydrolysis of psilocin-O-glucuronide requires relatively mild and carefully controlled reaction conditions, thus posing a significant challenge to analysts. In recent years, the development of recombinant β-glucuronidases offered a new approach for highly efficient deconjugation. However, to the best of our knowledge, little information on enzymatic hydrolysis of psilocin-O-glucuronide has been published since 2014. We utilized a certified LC-MS/MS-based psilocin screening method and investigated hydrolysis of psilocin-O-glucuronide in human urine catalyzed by one conventional β-glucuronidase (originating from E. coli) and three recombinant enzymes (IMCSZyme, Kura Biotech-BGTurbo, and Kura Biotech-B-One). The scope of our study included effects of enzyme concentration, pH, incubation time, and incubation temperature on the hydrolysis efficiency, as well as the comparison of modern enzymatic to traditional Brønsted-Lowry acidic and basic hydrolysis methods. The recombinant β-glucuronidases demonstrated remarkable superiority in hydrolysis efficiency compared to the E. coli-originated conventional β-glucuronidase. Kura Biotech-BGTurbo achieved the fastest hydrolysis completion at the lower temperatures (25-50°C) while IMCSZyme offered the most consistent performance across a wide range of incubation temperatures (25-80°C). Our findings provide quantifiable scientific references as a general guideline for other forensic toxicology laboratories to establish or optimize their own psilocin-O-glucuronide hydrolysis methods.", "journal": "Journal of Analytical Toxicology", "publication_date": "2026-05-26", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1093/jat/bkag030", "pubmed_id": "42203689", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkag030", "keywords": "Chemistry, Chromatography, Hydrolysis, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Enzyme, Urine, Tryptamines, Tandem mass spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, Recombinant DNA, Biochemistry, Incubation, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Quantitative analysis (chemistry), Enzyme assay, Organic chemistry, Metabolite, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162554003\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162554003\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973316871\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045514302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089001095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406403059\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408219158\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112211344\",\"display_name\":\"David A Barajas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031568197\",\"display_name\":\"Heather C Noda Carter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119378191\",\"display_name\":\"Michael R Tomedi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137117896\",\"display_name\":\"Hiu Yu Lam\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137134820\",\"display_name\":\"Tiffany N Deloatch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137143400\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory D Reynolds\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017895351\",\"display_name\":\"Marisol S. Castaneto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-6663\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087608622\",\"display_name\":\"Pucheng Ke\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S140972820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Analytical Toxicology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkag030\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162554003" }, { "id": 52, "title": "Overcoming Pharmacokinetic and Peripheral Safety Challenges in Psychedelic Therapies: The Promise of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.", "normalized_title": "overcoming pharmacokinetic and peripheral safety challenges in psychedelic therapies the promise of advanced drug delivery systems", "authors": "Zhang T, Lin C, Wang X.", "abstract": "Classic serotonergic psychedelics-such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-hold remarkable promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, yet their clinical translation is severely constrained by first-pass metabolism, erratic pharmacokinetics, unsuitable action profiles, and off-target peripheral serotonin effects. To overcome these barriers, advanced delivery systemssuch as transdermal and microneedle patches, intranasal sprays, sublingual films, and injectable formulationshave been developed, alongside molecular strategies including prodrugs, \"off-switch\" 5-HT receptor antagonists for session control, selective receptor bias, and adjunctive pharmacological approaches. These innovations help bypass hepatic metabolism, enable precise control over onset and duration of action, and minimize peripheral receptor activation. Preclinical and early clinical evidence shows gains in bioavailability, half-life extension, and conversion of fleeting psychedelic effects into manageable windows. These platforms offer a path to safer, patient-centered therapies. Despite regulatory and trial-design challenges, delivery innovations provide the essential pharmacokinetic toolkit to advance the field and clinical adoption.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-05-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.6c00146", "pubmed_id": "42312173", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00146", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42312173\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3172, "title": "Serotonergic Psychedelics as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Anxiety, A Systematic Review", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics as a potential therapeutic strategy for anxiety a systematic review", "authors": "", "abstract": "Background and objective: Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide and affect all age groups. Current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and benzodiazepines, have limitations in terms of adverse effects and efficacy, which highlights the need for alternative therapies. Serotonergic psychedelics have demonstrated promising anxiolytic-like behaviors in preclinical studies, primarily thought to be mediated through agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor. This systematic review aimed to investigate the preclinical evidence of anxiolytic-like potential of serotonergic psychedelics in animal models, and to evaluate the validity and limitations of the included behavioral tests. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined prior to screening to ensure a transparent inclusion of studies and minimize bias. The title, abstract and full-text screening were conducted independently by two reviewers, with conflicts being resolved through discussion. In total, 18 studies were included after the final screening. Results: Overall, the results demonstrate that serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and DOI, exerted anxiolytic-like effects across several behavioral tests. However, anxiogenic and null effects were also reported. This suggests that the effects are context-dependent, influenced by dosage, administration pattern, biological variables, as well as the experimental conditions. The predictive and face validity of the included behavioral models was generally acceptable. However, the construct validity had some limitations, and inconsistencies in the experimental conditions create a need for more standardization to ensure more transparent and reproducible data, and further the research field. Conclusions: The preclinical studies included in this review indicate that the serotonergic psychedelics have therapeutic potential in the treatment of anxiety, especially psilocybin elicited consistent anxiolytic-like effects, possibly due to 5-HT2A receptor agonism. However, future studies should focus on understanding mechanisms, sex-specific effects, and further the combinations of behavioral tests to ensure better interpretation of behavioral outcomes.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2026-05-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/gf7bq_v1", "keywords": "Anxiety, Preclinical, Psychedelics, Systematic Review, Psychiatry, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Emotion, Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Animal Learning and Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"gf7bq_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4012, "title": "Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treatment resistant depression a comprehensive review of mechanisms and therapeutic potential", "authors": "Dallas T Mason", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is characterized by chronic symptoms, impaired functioning, and limited response to conventional antidepressant therapy. Contemporary reviews have highlighted increasing interest in psilocybin-assisted therapy as a mechanistically novel approach for depressive disorders, grounded in early feasibility work demonstrating clinically meaningful symptom reductions in TRD populations and strengthened by subsequent randomized trials in major depressive disorder (MDD).¹,²,³ Open-label findings in TRD showed rapid and sustained reductions in depressive symptoms, while controlled trials in MDD demonstrated significant improvements from baseline after one or two psilocybin-assisted therapy sessions.¹,²,³ Systematic reviews of mechanistic work indicate that psilocybin modulates multiple neurobiological and psychological domains relevant to depression, including 5-HT₂A-mediated signaling functional network reorganization and emotional or cognitive shifts associated with therapeutic processes such as openness and acceptance.²,⁴‾⁷ Neuroimaging studies show acute alterations in default mode network dynamics and broader changes in connectivity during the psychedelic experience, findings interpreted as consistent with increased cognitive and emotional flexibility.²,⁵,⁷ Meta-analytic reviews report substantial antidepressant effects across different psilocybin dosing strategies and indicate that improvements often persist for several weeks.⁸,⁹ Safety reviews describe psilocybin’s acute adverse effects as generally mild, transient, and self-limiting, whereas recent systematic analyses highlight substantial variability and methodological limitations in harms reporting across trials.¹⁰,¹¹ Ethical, legal, and implementation challenges remain, including the constraints imposed by psilocybin’s Schedule I classification and the intensive training, therapeutic support, and clinical infrastructure required for safe delivery of psilocybin-assisted therapy.¹²,¹³ This narrative review synthesizes mechanistic, clinical, safety, and regulatory evidence to evaluate the potential role of psilocybin-assisted therapy for individuals with TRD.", "journal": "Digital Showcase Research, Scholarship, & Creative Works (University of Lynchburg)", "publication_date": "2026-05-21", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://digitalshowcase.lynchburg.edu/dmscjournal/vol8/iss1/6", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Major depressive disorder, Antidepressant, Treatment-resistant depression, Cognition, Psychology, Default mode network, Adverse effect, Systematic review, Clinical trial, Medicine, Neuroimaging, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Depression (economics), Electroconvulsive therapy, Randomized controlled trial, Psychiatry, Narrative review, Hallucinogen, MEDLINE, Neuroscience, Dosing, Functional neuroimaging, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162235135\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162235135\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136833991\",\"display_name\":\"Dallas T Mason\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196904\",\"source_display_name\":\"Digital Showcase Research, Scholarship, & Creative Works (University of Lynchburg)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://digitalshowcase.lynchburg.edu/dmscjournal/vol8/iss1/6\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162235135" }, { "id": 4011, "title": "The Use of Psilocybin for Managing Refractory Behavioral Health Conditions: A New and Promising Approach", "normalized_title": "the use of psilocybin for managing refractory behavioral health conditions a new and promising approach", "authors": "Rachel N Clark", "abstract": "The purpose of this review is to evaluate the possible benefits of using psilocybin(C12H17N2O4P), a naturally occurring psychoactive compound found in certain species of mushrooms, in the treatment of multiple forms of mental illness and substance abuse in either monotherapy or in conjunction with traditional psychiatric medications. The compound acts as a high-affinity agonist for several serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C, which are densely located throughout the cerebral cortex and thalamus. Following a comprehensive search of electronic databases, this review evaluates the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profile of psilocybin in treating depression, anxiety, and addiction disorders. The findings are promising and support its efficacy with decreased symptoms in multiple psychiatric disorders with a rapid onset. Significant research barriers remain, including methodological limitations, regulatory constraints, and limited population diversity in clinical trials conducted to date. United States (US) federal funding for the study of psilocybin as a potential therapeutic option has not yet been approved. Biosynthetic production of the compound and enhanced integration into psychotherapy are necessary to ensure scalability, safety, and accessibility. Future research is essential to evaluate and to refine its therapeutic applications on a larger scale.", "journal": "Digital Showcase Research, Scholarship, & Creative Works (University of Lynchburg)", "publication_date": "2026-05-21", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://digitalshowcase.lynchburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3694&context=dmscjournal", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Addiction, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Population, Clinical trial, Substance abuse, Psychology, Mental illness, Psychotherapist, Mental health, Pharmacology, Addiction medicine, Drug, Substance use, MEDLINE, Adjunctive treatment, Global population, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162225828\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162225828\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136836285\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel N Clark\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196904\",\"source_display_name\":\"Digital Showcase Research, Scholarship, & Creative Works (University of Lynchburg)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://digitalshowcase.lynchburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3694&context=dmscjournal\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162225828" }, { "id": 104, "title": "Mescaline Alters Cerebellar Function, Global Connectivity, and Frequency-Selective Acoustic Gating: A BOLD fMRI Study in Awake Rats", "normalized_title": "mescaline alters cerebellar function global connectivity and frequency selective acoustic gating a bold fmri study in awake rats", "authors": "Noah Cavallaro, Priya Rai, David Akins, Sima Soltanpour, Md Taufiq Nasseef, Richard J. Ortiz, Rachel Utama, Caitlyn R. Cody, Anoushka Mistry, Heather C. Brenhouse, Praveen Kulkarni, Craig F. Ferris", "abstract": "Mescaline, a 5-HT2A agonist psychedelic used ceremonially for millennia, lacks neuroimaging characterization due to its Schedule 1 status. Using pharmacological and resting-state fMRI in awake rats, we report mescaline's first comprehensive neurobiological profile. Acutely, mescaline produced cerebellar-selective BOLD suppression, suggesting functional disconnection from forebrain structures. Paradoxically, resting-state analysis revealed global hyperconnectivity, with the cerebellum forming enhanced connections to the hippocampus, thalamus, somatosensory cortex, and midbrain. Mescaline abolished normal BOLD responses to rewarding olfactory stimuli, indicating disrupted sensory processing. Pre-pulse inhibition showed frequency-dependent acoustic gating effects: enhancement at 4 kHz (+ 27.6%) and 20 kHz (+ 27.3%), but impairment at 12 kHz (- 16.4%). These findings distinguish mescaline from LSD and psilocybin, implicating the cerebellum as a dysregulated sensory filter that floods forebrain circuits with unprocessed sensorimotor information-a potential mechanism underlying psychedelic-induced perceptual alterations.", "journal": "Neuroscience Bulletin", "publication_date": "2026-05-20", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s12264-026-01632-3", "pubmed_id": "42168715", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-026-01632-3", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Mescaline, Forebrain, Sensory gating, Cerebellum, Somatosensory system, Psychology, Sensory system, Perception, Neuroimaging, Midbrain, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Agonist, Gating, Brain mapping, Functional imaging, Multisensory integration, Electrophysiology, Sensory processing, Dextroamphetamine, Cerebrum, Premovement neuronal activity, Neurology, Hindbrain, Nerve net, Dysmetria, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162007475\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162007475\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972895831\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981242170\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984304181\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984534015\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986543617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996472389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001938271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006406145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014505180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039355045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048232624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070461647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078088488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095353831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095577612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106610784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107370783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112699212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125910575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163274894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2614464346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624691942\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803912046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894020209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963472606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995173326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013335198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113269870\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120608220\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133344678\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137839889\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199687289\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199814227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208800764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225856505\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296816736\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302761380\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381889415\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385431636\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387637150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387745733\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390629750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399355126\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401715329\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402966862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404387065\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404728829\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404774430\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410015941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417359775\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126292505\",\"display_name\":\"Noah Cavallaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136625295\",\"display_name\":\"Priya Rai\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128319566\",\"display_name\":\"David Akins\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080946926\",\"display_name\":\"Sima Soltanpour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-8902\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136707212\",\"display_name\":\"Md Taufiq Nasseef\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009913688\",\"display_name\":\"Richard J. Ortiz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-9744\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116176294\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel Utama\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011190934\",\"display_name\":\"Caitlyn R. Cody\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4416-6536\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136666309\",\"display_name\":\"Anoushka Mistry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136618201\",\"display_name\":\"Heather C. Brenhouse\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056779411\",\"display_name\":\"Praveen Kulkarni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-4544\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069720283\",\"display_name\":\"Craig F. Ferris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-5214\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S123288037\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Bulletin\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-026-01632-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162007475" }, { "id": 3529, "title": "Evaluating the Feasibility, Clinical Effects, and Safety of Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment-resistant Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: An Open-label Clinical Trial", "normalized_title": "evaluating the feasibility clinical effects and safety of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder an open label clinical trial", "authors": "Centre for Addiction and Mental Health", "abstract": "Psilocybin, the chemical component of \"magic mushrooms\", has been administered with psychotherapy in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showing large and sustained antidepressant effects. There is interest to see if similar effects may be provided in those with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and clinical effects of psilocybin administration in those with OCD. Ten participants with treatment-resistant OCD will receive two doses of 25mg of psilocybin under supportive conditions, two weeks apart. The investigators hypothesize that two sessions of psilocybin 25mg administered under supportive conditions to participants with treatment-resistant OCD will lead to significant reductions in OCD symptoms. Literature suggests that up to 40 percent of individuals with OCD do not respond to conventional treatment and experience treatment resistant OCD (TROCD) (1, 2). Psilocybin, the chemical component of \"magic mushrooms\", has been administered with psychotherapy in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showing large and sustained antidepressant effects (3). Results of these trials have led to growing calls for transition to clinical use, as well as increased research for other mental health disorders. It is presumed that psilocybin's therapeutic effects are induced by the psychedelic \"trip\", which is dependent on serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation (4, 5). All studies have used psilocybin in conjunction with psychotherapy involving two therapists present during full-day dosing sessions. There is a need for more data in the TROCD population as there is only one clinical trial published for this specific population, followed by various case reports. Using a proof-of-concept, open-label, clinical trial approach, 10 participants with TROCD will receive 2 doses of 25mg of psilocybin, with two weeks between each dosing day. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. To assess the safety, and feasibility, of psilocybin, administered with psychological support to adult participants with TROCD. Hypothesis 1: The investigators will be able to recruit and retain ten participants with TROCD for the duration of the trial and that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (PAP-OCD) will be safe in those with TROCD, as measured by monitoring adverse events and using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). 2. To assess the clinical effects of PAP in those with TROCD. Hypothesis 2: Two sessions of psilocybin (25mg) administered under supportive conditions to participants with TROCD will lead to significant reductions in OCD symptoms as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) when comparing baseline to Week 3. 3. Provide pilot data on the effect of psilocybin and supportive therapy on TROCD in preparation of a future larger RCT. Overview of Study Design: All 10 participants will follow the same study design. Each participant will undergo a screening assessment where they will complete lab tests, and clinical and psychiatric assessments to determine eligibility. Following the screening visit, participants will undergo a washout period where they will be tapered off concomitant medications over a medication the participant is being tapered off (based on the half-life of the medication) and the participant's preference for the length of the tapering period. All medications will require a minimum of a 2-week tapering period with the exception of fluoxetine which will require a minimum of 4-weeks. Additional time may be added at the discretion of the study investigator. During this period, there will be weekly check-ins with the study physician. At study Visit 2 (Baseline, V2), participants will complete a series of questionnaires and assessments, preparatory therapy with trained study therapists, and undergo a brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The preparatory therapy sessions will build a therapeutic alliance, and provide psychoeducation about, and set intentions for, the psilocybin session. To reduce participant burden, baseline can be broken up into multiple days, however all assessments must be completed within 7-days of the first dose. At study Visit 3 (V3), neurophysiological measurements will be performed. Upon completion of V2 and V3, participants will undergo the first psilocybin dosing session at Visit 4 (V4) where they will receive an active dose (25mg) of psilocybin in conjunction with supportive therapy. The psilocybin session will last 5 to 6 hours and will be conducted in the existing psychedelic treatment suite developed at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH). Two trained study therapists will be supporting each participant during the dosing session. After 5 hours of dose administration, participants will be evaluated for safety by the study psychiatrist and discharged home in the company of a caregiver or a family member. On the day after the dosing session (Visit 5, V5) and one-week after the dosing session (Visit 6, V6), participants will be asked to complete the same questionnaires that were done at Baseline (V2) and will undergo an integrative therapy session with the trained study therapist. Between Visit 5 (V5) and Visit 7 (V7), during study Visit 6 (V6), the same neurophysiological measurements will be performed as during Visit 3 (V3). Follow-up assessments will also occur at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks (Visit 7, 8, 9 and 10) after the second psilocybin dosing session. The same questionnaires administered at Baseline (V2) will be repeated at each of these study visits.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-05-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06299319", "keywords": "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psilocybin, PEX010, ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06299319\",\"overall_status\":\"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,OCD,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Case Report,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3021, "title": "Appetite for change: How psilocybin reshapes food reward learning through striatal dopamine function", "normalized_title": "appetite for change how psilocybin reshapes food reward learning through striatal dopamine function", "authors": "Conn K, Wong N, Sunnetci S, Al Siyabi A, McCoy K, Huang K, Greaves E, Milton LK, Kuhlmann L, Maguire S, Foldi CJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for psychiatric disorders characterised by cognitive rigidity and disrupted reward processing, including anorexia nervosa. While its pro-cognitive effects have been mechanistically probed almost exclusively through serotonin receptor subtype antagonism, the downstream contributions of dopaminergic systems to these outcomes remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how psilocybin (1.5 mg/kg) modulates striatal dopamine dynamics and cognitive flexibility across multiple operant paradigms in female rats, and whether nutritional state or prior activity-based anorexia (ABA) exposure moderate these effects. Calorie restriction selectively attenuated psilocybin-enhanced reversal learning, shifting the temporal profile of benefit without abolishing it, and was associated with exacerbated nucleus accumbens (NAc) cFos+ expression relative to ad libitum fed animals. In vivo fiber photometry revealed that psilocybin broadly amplified NAc dopamine transients time-locked to expected and unexpected outcomes during probabilistic reversal learning across 7 days. Computational modelling identified psilocybin-specific increases in learning rate and reductions in prior value weighting, consistent with strengthened feedback-driven updating. In touchscreen paradigms, psilocybin enhanced discrimination accuracy and accelerated reversal learning acquisition when administered prior to initial discrimination, but impaired serial reversal accuracy when administered at a later training stage. ABA exposure constrained psilocybin’s pro-cognitive effects, abolishing discrimination accuracy benefits and trending toward worsened reversal learning, likely reflecting ABA-induced reductions in cortical 5-HT2A receptor availability. These findings provide the first direct evidence that psilocybin modulates striatal dopamine prediction error signalling in a behaving animal and demonstrate that nutritional state and prior ABA exposure critically moderate its cognitive effects.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-05-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.05.14.725265", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.14.725265", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1209323\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 108, "title": "Association Between Lifetime Hallucinogen Use and Valvular Heart Disease: Findings from the All of Us Research Program", "normalized_title": "association between lifetime hallucinogen use and valvular heart disease findings from the all of us research program", "authors": "Kevin H. Yang, Miranda Rasmussen, Kush Bhatt, Nora Satybaldiyeva, Wayne Kepner, Alison A. Moore, Jaclyn Bergstrom", "abstract": "Recent literature suggests potential associations between hallucinogen use and valvular heart disease (VHD) due to prolonged activation of serotonin 5-HT2B receptors, which may lead to valvular fibrosis - a condition also linked to drugs including fenfluramine and pergolide. Despite these concerns, epidemiological studies exploring this association are lacking. This exploratory analysis investigated associations between lifetime hallucinogen use and VHD using cross-sectional data from US adults with linked electronic health record data in the NIH All of Us Research Program who completed the Lifestyle survey. This survey included questions about lifetime hallucinogen use (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], mushrooms/psilocybin, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]/ecstasy, ketamine, phencyclidine [PCP]). Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between hallucinogen use and VHD, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and other confounding health conditions. Our sample comprised 286,842 adults (mean age 50.8 [SD16.7], 61.4% female, 60.6% White). Among them, 13.2% reported lifetime hallucinogen use. Individuals with lifetime hallucinogen use had lower unadjusted VHD prevalence compared to those without lifetime hallucinogen use (3.6% vs. 4.7%, p", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2026-05-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2026.2673845", "pubmed_id": "42152600", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2673845", "keywords": "Medicine, Odds, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Odds ratio, Exploratory research, Association (psychology), Longitudinal study, Logistic regression, MEDLINE, Pharmacotherapy, Medication adherence, Psychology, Multicenter study, Clinical psychology, Substance use, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Hallucinations in medical conditions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7161640395\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7161640395\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1937517990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973660081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976731618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998906057\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029059557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079846716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085050037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105891047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326187533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135169733\",\"https://openalex.org/W3173196666\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180018060\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205618858\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206147469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213217891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225005969\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283275230\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292187617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292410066\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296162186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300688597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379769663\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385783116\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385827303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893542\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387902564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390143363\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390790998\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390795001\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391480853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391490374\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392165205\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392369508\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393253405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399505257\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400112166\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404345667\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405931389\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407150420\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413420616\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415907617\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Kevin H. Yang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-258X\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Miranda Rasmussen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Kush Bhatt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Nora Satybaldiyeva\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Wayne Kepner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Alison A. Moore\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Jaclyn Bergstrom\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2673845\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7161640395" }, { "id": 1945, "title": "Rapid-acting interventions in treatment-resistant depression - a comparative review of esketamine and psilocybin", "normalized_title": "rapid acting interventions in treatment resistant depression a comparative review of esketamine and psilocybin", "authors": "Bartłomiej Kosiarski, Anna Skrzypek, Patrycja Markowicz, Mikołaj Zbrożek, Krzysztof Biłyk, Maciej Hutkowski, Zuzanna Chwostek, Hanna Maruchniak, Wiktoria Marzec, Paulina Biedroń", "abstract": "Introduction and Objective.Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge affecting patients who fail to respond to at least two adequate antidepressant trials.The development of rapid-acting interventions targeting non-monoaminergic pathways has introduced new therapeutic possibilities.The aim of the review is to critically examine intranasal esketamine and psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in TRD, comparing their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, durability of response, and safety profiles.Materials and Method.A narrative review method consisting of a literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.Randomized controlled trials, phase II-IV clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published primarily within the last eight years were analyzed.Case reports and preclinical studies were excluded.Brief description of the state of knowledge.Esketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects within hours and has received regulatory approval for TRD.While effect sizes are generally modest, relapse prevention has been shown in maintenance trials.Psilocybin, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist administered within a structured psychotherapeutic framework, has shown promising antidepressant effects in early-phase trials, including a large phase IIb study, with sustained improvement following limited dosing.However, its evidence base remains constrained by methodological challenges and limited long-term data.Summary.Both agents converge on neuroplasticity-related mechanisms yet differ substantially in clinical implementation.Esketamine is an approved rapid-acting option for TRD, whereas psilocybin remains investigational.Further adequately powered trials and long-term safety data are required to define their roles within evolving treatment paradigms.", "journal": "Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research", "publication_date": "2026-05-11", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.26444/jpccr/221219", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/221219", "keywords": "Medicine, Depression (economics), Psilocybin, Psychological intervention, Psychiatry, Treatment-resistant depression, Major depressive disorder, Anxiety, MEDLINE, Depressive symptoms, Clinical psychology, Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160910785\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160910785\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124992076\",\"display_name\":\"Bartłomiej Kosiarski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136000378\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Skrzypek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6771-3186\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124981381\",\"display_name\":\"Patrycja Markowicz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006502767\",\"display_name\":\"Mikołaj Zbrożek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125011428\",\"display_name\":\"Krzysztof Biłyk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125059894\",\"display_name\":\"Maciej Hutkowski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125072333\",\"display_name\":\"Zuzanna Chwostek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124993719\",\"display_name\":\"Hanna Maruchniak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135973834\",\"display_name\":\"Wiktoria Marzec\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6395-6263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125013949\",\"display_name\":\"Paulina Biedroń\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764897176\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/221219\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160910785" }, { "id": 4019, "title": "From Trials to Clinics: Considerations for Implementing Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Into Clinical Practice", "normalized_title": "from trials to clinics considerations for implementing psychedelic assisted therapy into clinical practice", "authors": "Jessie Kim, Liam Lochhead, Cory R. Weissman", "abstract": "Interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is surging across research and medical communities, prompting the discussion of policy shifts that reflect growing openness to implementing psychedelics in clinical practice. State-level psychedelic reform in the United States has accelerated since 2019, with legalization projected to reach most states within the next decade if trends follow those of cannabis [1]. This transition of PAT from tightly controlled clinical trials to real-world practice raises concerns about how patient screening, treatment setting, and therapist support will be managed outside research environments. Critically, clinicians must be able to ensure that the experiences induced by psychedelics are translated into lasting therapeutic gains in a generalizable and safe manner, while regulatory agencies must establish standards to govern ethical implementation. Anticipating and addressing these challenges with appropriate education, training, and clear guidelines, while maintaining fidelity to protocols developed in research settings, will be essential for the responsible incorporation of PAT into mainstream psychiatry. One of the greatest concerns in the rollout of PAT in clinical practice is the potential loss of rigorous screening and safety monitoring procedures. Clinical trials employ rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting for individuals most likely to benefit and less likely to experience adverse reactions [2]. These trials' protocols rely on comprehensive evaluations, including detailed review of medical histories, physical exams, and in-depth psychiatric interviews to rule out personal or family histories of psychotic or bipolar disorders [3]. While such criteria may be overly restrictive and exclude broader patient populations [4], when adhered to and paired with proper therapeutic support and supervision, serious adverse events are rare [3]. Maintaining this level of diligence in routine clinical practice will be challenging for many clinics, as the logistical and financial demands of appropriately prescribed and safely administered PAT may increase pressure on clinics to lower standards to increase throughput. A cautionary example can be seen in a subset of for-profit ketamine clinics, which have been reported to advertise benefits beyond the current evidence base and administer doses that exceed established therapeutic ranges with insufficient medical supervision [5, 6]. To preserve safety and public trust, clinicians must uphold rigorous screening practices and safety protocols to avoid the dangers of treating patients with high-risk comorbidities, contraindicated medications or medical conditions, or unstable psychosocial situations that predispose them to decompensation. Careful patient selection, medical oversight, and psychological support protect patients from harm and prevent unwanted outcomes that could complicate PAT's integration into mental health care, though these safeguards may also increase cost and limit access. Unlike conventional pharmacotherapies, PAT emphasizes the role of ‘set’ (the patient's mindset, expectations, and intentions) and ‘setting’ (the physical and social environment) in shaping both acute experiences and lasting effects [7]. While empirical data directly associating set and setting with improved outcomes remains limited, attention to these factors has been standard across PAT trials, consistent with the hypothesis that serotonin receptor-mediated increases in neuroplasticity also increase sensitivity to environmental context [8]. Additionally, qualitative studies consistently suggest that nonpharmacological factors such as psychological preparation, therapeutic rapport, setting, and integration all meaningfully shape participants' experiences and perceived therapeutic benefit [9] and that sterile environments or a lack of rapport with the session monitor can predispose patients to fear and a difficult experience [3, 8, 10]. Completely disregarding these insights in favor of cost-reduction and feasibility might reduce treatment efficacy and introduce risk. As PAT moves beyond research settings, standardized training and certification for providers should be established in the same way Good Clinical Practice training is used in research, with the goal of ensuring strong rapport between providers and patients [8]. Given the heightened vulnerability and suggestibility that can occur during psychedelic states, it will also be critical to patient safety to determine criteria for who may serve as a session monitor. Requirements for background checks, credentials, and appropriate training can replace the FDA-mandated protections for PAT in research, such as the 2:1 model or live-video monitoring. Further research is needed to define appropriate standards for PAT; however, these standards should be overseen by a designated ethics committee and/or Center of Excellence that provides authoritative oversight and facilitates continued collaboration. The loss of regulation that will naturally occur as PAT is offered beyond highly supervised research environments introduces uncertainty about the nature and adequacy of psychological support that will be provided. Qualitative research on PAT for treatment-resistant depression reveals that patients often anticipate transformative insights, reconnection with suppressed emotions, or vivid visual effects [11]. Such expectations may be inflated by media coverage that sensationalizes psychedelics as a cure-all [12], thus promoting unrealistic optimism and reinforcing the need for proper psychoeducation and informed consent. Preparation sessions play a crucial role in educating patients about the potential effects of psychedelics, guiding intention-setting, building trust, and emphasizing that each experience is highly individual and unpredictable. Participants who entered PAT sessions well-informed and with a ‘surrendered’ mindset were better able to navigate difficult moments [13] and were more likely to report a mystical-type experience, which is predictive of long-term benefits [9]. The loss of the formal consenting procedures required in clinical research will place added responsibility on clinicians to engage patients in nuanced, evidence-based conversations that openly discuss risks while accurately representing treatment efficacy. Integration, the process of making sense of psychedelic experiences, is often emphasized as being a central component of PAT's therapeutic benefit [9]. Typically occurring in one or more therapy sessions shortly after dosing, integration allows patients to reflect, resolve lingering confusion, and translate insights into tangible change [14]. Notably, emotionally challenging sessions can be deeply meaningful, but only when sufficiently processed afterward [15]. Despite its importance, integration structure and support are often minimal even in clinical trials, with qualitative studies showing participants frequently feel under-supported and left without a clear roadmap once the initial benefits of PAT subside [11]. Integration is a structured opportunity to assess for adverse events while facilitating emotional processing in a way that complements the pharmacological effects of psychedelics. Policymakers must decide how to balance access with safety while designing clinical practice guidelines for PAT. The FDA's Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program offers one credible method by requiring additional safeguards for certain medications to ensure that benefits outweigh risks. A REMS for PAT could standardize safety protocols, mandating that psychedelic medications be administered only in certified clinics with appropriate medical and psychological supervision, reducing the likelihood of serious adverse events. A pertinent comparison is Spravato's 2019 approval, which came with a strict REMS to prevent misuse and manage acute risks of the intranasal esketamine spray, such as dissociation, sedation, and suicidal thoughts or behaviors [16]. Pharmacists, clinics, and patients must be enrolled in this REMS program to access the medication, and patients are required to remain under direct observation for at least 2 h post esketamine dose, ensuring all dissociative symptoms have resolved [17]. Enforcement of a REMS brings significant logistical challenges for expansion of access to PAT, because the safety measures that make it effective (e.g., in-clinic dosing, prolonged patient monitoring, training and certification) also create barriers for both clinics and patients. PAT sessions utilizing psilocybin are extremely resource-intensive, lasting 6-8 h with multiple staff present. Clinics may only be able to treat one patient per day, potentially reducing financial incentive for providers and creating bottlenecks in access. While establishing a REMS for PAT appears practical to protect patients and uphold treatment quality, policymakers must weigh the trade-off between safety and scalability. Ultimately, a REMS for PAT would necessarily include mitigation strategies for immediate risks to patient safety, such as suicidal ideation, psychosis, and hypertensive emergency, and also monitor for the development of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder or other rare adverse outcomes [18]. In summary, the emergence of psychedelic-assisted therapy represents an exciting and transformative shift in psychiatry. The realization of its full potential will partially depend on the clinical framework it's delivered in. Safe and effective implementation requires thorough screening practices, a supportive and well-considered treatment environment, and sufficient preparation and integration. At the policy level, regulators must weigh safety and feasibility to inform guidelines, learning from past precedents while tailoring oversight to the distinct features of PAT. Notably, greater flexibility in clinical practice, such as individualizing music and setting, or varying the number of dosing and therapy sessions, may ultimately benefit some patients. This capacity for personalization represents one of the most promising opportunities for PAT beyond research settings and supports a more patient-centered model of care. PAT offers a rare opportunity to reshape mental health care because, unlike most conventional treatments, it combines psychotherapeutic and pharmacological elements and also incorporates meaning-making. Adoption of PAT could catalyze a shift toward a more holistic model of psychiatry that extends beyond symptom management, toward a more dynamic process involving self-discovery, reflection, and inner healing. If successfully and safely implemented, PAT could expand the psychiatric toolkit, offering relief to patients for whom existing treatments fall short. The path forward requires caution, well-considered regulations, and a commitment to uphold the importance of the patient experience. Jessie Kim served as lead author and was the primary person responsible for drafting the manuscript and working with journal reviewers. All three authors contributed to drafting, editing, and revising the manuscript. Dr. Weissman served as the senior author overseeing the project. Dr. Weissman and Jessie Kim have been supported by Compass Pathways through participation as a trial site for clinical research on psilocybin at UC San Diego. The other author declares no conflicts of interest. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.", "journal": "Pharmacology Research & Perspectives", "publication_date": "2026-05-09", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/prp2.70262", "pubmed_id": "42108552", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70262", "keywords": "Legalization, Clinical trial, Mainstream, Clinical Practice, Medicine, Inclusion (mineral), Fidelity, Openness to experience, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Protocol (science), Compassionate Use, Neglect, Best practice, Rigour, MEDLINE, Good clinical practice, Standardization, Critical appraisal, Patient safety, CLARITY, Alternative medicine, Adverse effect, Clinical research, Psychological intervention, Medical practice, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160830727\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160830727\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121090957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187215861\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210932781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224044203\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289745468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301605941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366352039\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388447053\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391540455\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394855468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408072192\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415081303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417397706\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104262515\",\"display_name\":\"Jessie Kim\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090833864\",\"display_name\":\"Liam Lochhead\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-5292\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135863716\",\"display_name\":\"Cory R. Weissman\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764487716\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70262\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160830727" }, { "id": 3496, "title": "Does Psilocybin Require Psychedelic Effects to Treat Depression? A4-Week, Double-Blind, Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial", "normalized_title": "does psilocybin require psychedelic effects to treat depression a4 week double blind proof of concept randomized controlled trial", "authors": "Centre for Addiction and Mental Health", "abstract": "Psilocybin, the chemical component of \"magic mushrooms\", has been administered with psychotherapy in several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showing large and sustained antidepressant effects. In healthy volunteers, the psychedelic effects of psilocybin have been shown to be blocked by administration of serotonin (5HT)2A receptor antagonists such as risperidone. The purpose of this \"double dummy\" proof-of-concept trial is to evaluate whether psilocybin's antidepressant effects are dependent on its psychedelic effects. Sixty participants with treatment-resistant depression will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) Psilocybin 25 mg plus risperidone 1 mg; 2) Psilocybin 25 mg plus placebo; and 3) Placebo plus risperidone 1 mg. The investigator's hypothesize that the combination of psilocybin and risperidone will be well tolerated, safe, and will block the psychedelic effects of psilocybin in patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression. This study is a three-arm, 4-week, double blind, proof-of concept RCT for investigating psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) administered with risperidone in treating TRD. This three-arm \"double dummy\" design allows for an assessment of risperidone's anti-psychedelic effects, while allowing for an assessment of psilocybin's antidepressant effects alone and combined with risperidone, compared to an \"active placebo\" (i.e. placebo plus risperidone 1 mg). Overview of Study Design: A study team member will obtain informed consent from interested participants prior to study activities being initiated. Following this, participants will undergo a screening assessment where they will complete lab tests, and clinical and psychiatric assessments to determine eligibility. Following the screening visit, eligible participants will undergo a washout period where they will be tapered off concomitant medication over a period of 4 to 6 weeks. The length of the tapering period will depend on the type of medication the participant is being tapered off (based on the half-life of the medication) and the participant's preference for the length of the tapering period. Most medications will require a minimum of a 2-week tapering period before the baseline, with the exception of fluoxetine, which will require a minimum of 4-weeks. Additional time may be added at the discretion of the study investigator. During the tapering period, the study psychiatrist will see participants weekly (V1a, V1b, etc.) for at least 4 weeks to monitor for withdrawal and worsening of depressive symptoms and suicidality. Suicidality will be closely monitored using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Participants and their family members/carers will be educated on the signs and symptoms of worsening depression and suicidality and will be given contact details of the study team in case of major decline in mental state. At the Baseline visit (V2), which occurs the day before the dosing session, participants will complete clinical measures, and undergo a preparatory session (up to 4 hours) with the study therapists. These sessions will build a therapeutic alliance, provide psychoeducation about, and set intentions for, the psilocybin session. To reduce participant burden, baseline can be broken up into multiple days, however all assessments must be completed within 7-days of the intervention. Ideally, baseline occurs the day before the intervention is administered. The psilocybin session (Day 0 \\[V3\\]) will last 5 to 6 hours and will be conducted in the existing psychedelic treatment suite developed at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Mood Disorder Service by Dr. Husain (PI). Two trained study therapists will be supporting each participant during the dosing session. Participants will receive psilocybin 25 mg plus risperidone 1 mg, or psilocybin 25 mg plus placebo, or placebo plus risperidone 1 mg. All participants will receive 10 hours of manualized supportive psychotherapy (which includes the 5-6 hour dosing session). After 5 hours of dose administration, participants will be evaluated for safety by the study psychiatrist and discharged home in the company of a caregiver or a family member. After the dosing session, participants will be seen for two 1-hour integration sessions (Day 1 \\[V4\\], Week 1 \\[V5\\]). Thereafter, participants will be followed-up after 2 \\[V6\\], 3 \\[V7\\] and 4 weeks \\[V8\\] post-dosing (see Figure 1). A study psychiatrist will be available throughout the duration of the RCT to respond to any concerns or changes in mental/physical state. Participants will not start other interventions for MDD during the study.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-05-06", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05710237", "keywords": "Treatment-resistant Depression, Psilocybin 25 mg, Risperidone 1 MG, Placebo, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05710237\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4020, "title": "Announcement of special issue: ‘Behavioural pharmacology of ketamine and psychedelic drugs’", "normalized_title": "announcement of special issue behavioural pharmacology of ketamine and psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Bart A. Ellenbroek, Gernot Riedel", "abstract": "The past two decades have seen a remarkable renaissance in research on psychedelic drugs and ketamine. Following decades of regulatory restriction that severely limited, especially clinical research, a growing body of evidence has shown that psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin can have long-lasting beneficial effects for treatment-resistant depression, drug and alcohol addiction, and other mental health problems. Similarly, ketamine, and especially its S-enantiomer esketamine, while also still a schedule III controlled substance, has been approved for the treatment of severe, chronic depression. Multiple studies have shown that ketamine and psychedelic drugs have several unique properties, such as fast onset of action and, especially for psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, very long-lasting effects (up to 6 months and longer after a single administration). These unique properties have spurred a rapidly evolving research field in behavioural pharmacology and neuroscience to unravel their mode of action. To celebrate this, we are devoting the next special issue of Behavioural Pharmacology to the behavioural pharmacology of ketamine and psychedelic drugs. We invite scientists in the fields of behavioural pharmacology, experimental psychology, behavioural neuroscience, and psychiatry, with an active interest in ketamine or psychedelic drugs, to submit reports of original, empirical studies for inclusion in the special issue. Review papers are particularly welcome, but as the special issue may include a number of invited reviews, these should be discussed with the editors at an early stage to avoid duplication. The editors welcome correspondence from potential authors, so if you are planning to prepare a paper for submission, do please let us know. Also, please ask one of the editors if you are uncertain whether a report of your research would be suitable for inclusion. All papers should be submitted online at www.editorialmanager.com/bpharm. Contributors are urged to submit as early as possible and should in any case, aim to do so before the end of the 15th of August 2026. Later submissions might be accepted, but the later your submission is received, the higher the likelihood that it may miss the publication deadline. We guarantee, however, that any submission that meets quality standards but is accepted too late for inclusion in the special issue will be published as soon as possible thereafter.", "journal": "Behavioural Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-05-05", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1097/fbp.0000000000000878", "pubmed_id": "42100839", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000878", "keywords": "Ketamine, Medicine, Anesthesia, Pharmacology, Clinical pharmacology, Drug, Neuroscience, Safety pharmacology, MEDLINE, NMDA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160630756\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160630756\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134073401\",\"display_name\":\"Bart A. Ellenbroek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080117881\",\"display_name\":\"Gernot Riedel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-6281\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9181514\",\"source_display_name\":\"Behavioural Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000878\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160630756" }, { "id": 3531, "title": "Safety, Tolerability, Outcomes of Psilocybin for Depression (STOP Depression) in Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury", "normalized_title": "safety tolerability outcomes of psilocybin for depression stop depression in veterans with spinal cord injury", "authors": "James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center", "abstract": "The main goal of this study is to determine if psilocybin is safe for use in people with SCI. The study will measure how people with SCI respond to three psilocybin doses: low (5mg), medium (10mg), and high (25mg). The main question the study aims to answer is: does psilocybin increase the number and severity of adverse (bad) events reported by people with SCI? These may include pain, muscle spasms, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of low or high blood pressure. The investigators will also measure how well people with SCI tolerate the psychedelic experience, and compare responses between the low (5mg), medium (10mg), and high (25mg) doses. Participants will: * Agree to be enrolled in the study for up to 13 months. * Agree to complete the seven (7) visits that are included in the psilocybin-assisted therapy. * Agree to complete follow-up study visits, including in-person visits to the James J Peters VA Medical Center, located in the Bronx, New York and remote visits. * Agree to keep a log of how they are feeling and any change in the frequency or severity of adverse events. Background: Depression may be explained partly by decreased signaling of serotonin in the nervous system. Psilocybin, the active component of 'magic mushrooms', is a drug that activates serotonin pathways in the nervous system. Some scientists think psilocybin could help people with major depression, but it is not currently approved as a medicine in the United States. People with spinal cord injuries (SCI) often feel depressed, even more commonly than people without injuries. People with SCI have not been included in psilocybin studies. The goals of this study are first to see if psilocybin can be safely administered, and to determine if psilocybin can help improve symptoms of depression in people with SCI. Study Goals: The investigators will look at how safe psilocybin is for people with SCI, how people with SCI respond to different doses, and whether it helps reduce the severity of depression and other problems, like pain or muscle spasms. The study team will also check to see if psilocybin improves quality of life and wellbeing. The study will track these effects for a year after participants receive psilocybin. Study Plan: Thirty people with chronic SCI with a depressive disorder will be asked to join-15 with paraplegia and 15 with tetraplegia. They will be split into three groups to try different psilocybin doses: low (5mg), medium (10mg), and high (25mg). The study will take a stepwise approach to safety, but participants will not know the dose of psilocybin they receive. There will be at least 16 study visits, including medical and mental health check-ups, psilocybin assisted therapy, primary study endpoint and follow-up visits. What Will Be Measured: The study focus is to see if psilocybin is safe and tolerable in people with SCI. The study will track side effects, how people feel, and any changes in mood, pain, medication use, or body reactions. Doctors will check for problems like chest pain, high blood pressure, and changes in suicidal thoughts. The study team will also measure satisfaction with the therapy, experiences during the psilocybin sessions, and changes in depression. Why It Matters: Some people wrongly believe depression is just a normal part of living with SCI, so their depression may not be adequately treated. Also, people with SCI often can't join trials of new treatments because they have other health problems. Psilocybin could help treat depression and may improve many body functions affected by SCI if it is shown to be safe and effective.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-05-03", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07251491", "keywords": "Spinal Cord Injury, Depression - Major Depressive Disorder, Veteran, Psilocybin (Usona Institute), Magic Mushrooms, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07251491\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\",\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Veterans,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1967, "title": "Prohedonic Effects of Psilocybin (COMP360) in a Touchscreen-Based Rodent Probabilistic Reward Task (Abstract ID: 227883)", "normalized_title": "prohedonic effects of psilocybin comp360 in a touchscreen based rodent probabilistic reward task abstract id 227883", "authors": "Kayleigh LaMalfa, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Jack Bergman, Christopher W. Thomas, Brian Kangas", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104267", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104267", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Task (project management), Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Cognitive psychology, Probabilistic logic, Rodent, Anhedonia, Rodent model, Brain stimulation reward, Computer science, Reward system, Avoidance learning, Looming, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Sleep and Wakefulness Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160848043\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160848043\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"compound:comp360\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5097927284\",\"display_name\":\"Kayleigh LaMalfa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135874825\",\"display_name\":\"Diego A. Pizzagalli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135851172\",\"display_name\":\"Jack Bergman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052690772\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher W. Thomas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-7257\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135878969\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Kangas\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104267\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160848043" }, { "id": 1964, "title": "PDE4B Inhibition and Psilocybin as Promising Approaches for Treating Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Preclinical Evidence From Rat Models (Abstract ID: 232554)", "normalized_title": "pde4b inhibition and psilocybin as promising approaches for treating methamphetamine use disorder preclinical evidence from rat models abstract id 232554", "authors": "Sean Hayduk, Amy Stringer, Satoria Zagorski, Sara Jane Ward", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104282", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104282", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Rat model, Methamphetamine, Pharmacology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Drug, Animal model, Anhedonia, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Phosphodiesterase function and regulation, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160855351\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160855351\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135903087\",\"display_name\":\"Sean Hayduk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135853452\",\"display_name\":\"Amy Stringer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135839504\",\"display_name\":\"Satoria Zagorski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135907621\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Jane Ward\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104282\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160855351" }, { "id": 1960, "title": "Pure psilocybin reduces reward-associated preference while mushroom extract shows transient exploratory effects in rats", "normalized_title": "pure psilocybin reduces reward associated preference while mushroom extract shows transient exploratory effects in rats", "authors": "", "abstract": "", "journal": "RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.51126/revsalus.v8isupii.46826", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.51126/revsalus.v8isupii.46826", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Chemistry, Mushroom, Preference, Transient (computer programming), Food science, Pharmacology, Medicine, Conditioning, Spectral analysis, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160836527\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160836527\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210173156\",\"source_display_name\":\"RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.51126/revsalus.v8isupii.46826\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160836527" }, { "id": 1957, "title": "Effects of Psilocybin on Attentional Set-Shifting Following Chronic Unpredictable Stress in Rats (Abstract ID: 231339)", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on attentional set shifting following chronic unpredictable stress in rats abstract id 231339", "authors": "Joseph Hennessey, John Mantsch, John McCorvy", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104291", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104291", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Anesthesia, Stress (linguistics), Psychological stress, Pharmacology, Psychology, Chronic stress, Depression (economics), Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Phosphodiesterase function and regulation", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160842269\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160842269\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135874208\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Hennessey\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135881127\",\"display_name\":\"John Mantsch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135900776\",\"display_name\":\"John McCorvy\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2026.104291\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160842269" }, { "id": 1953, "title": "SAT-219 Hepatic 5-HT2B receptor antagonism mediates the anti-steatotic and antifibrotic effects of psilocybin in preclinical MASH models", "normalized_title": "sat 219 hepatic 5 ht2b receptor antagonism mediates the anti steatotic and antifibrotic effects of psilocybin in preclinical mash models", "authors": "Anna Signor, Martina Colognesi, Giovanna Finzi, Daniela Gabbia, Andrea Mattarei, Stefano Comai, Gianfranco Pasut, Franco Folli, Paolo Manfredi, Sara De Martin", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Hepatology", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/s0168-8278(26)01861-1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(26)01861-1", "keywords": "Antagonism, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Medicine, Receptor, Chemistry, Hepatic fibrosis, Drug, Antagonist, Serotonin Antagonists, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162520467\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7162520467\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037718660\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Signor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060460268\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Colognesi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-7851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079058220\",\"display_name\":\"Giovanna Finzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-8835\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017874146\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Gabbia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-8227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065244580\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Mattarei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-0749\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018646315\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Comai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7194\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036102891\",\"display_name\":\"Gianfranco Pasut\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0899\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136318890\",\"display_name\":\"Franco Folli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081766741\",\"display_name\":\"Paolo Manfredi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-8945\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137097004\",\"display_name\":\"Sara De Martin\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S83651209\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Hepatology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(26)01861-1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7162520467" }, { "id": 1949, "title": "Role of Psychological support in sustaining Antidepressants effects in Psilocybin - Assisted Clinical", "normalized_title": "role of psychological support in sustaining antidepressants effects in psilocybin assisted clinical", "authors": "Gyandev Gupta, Ravina Yadav", "abstract": "Depression is one of the most common mental health challenges people face today. It goes beyond just feeling sad - it shapes the way a person thinks, behaves, and experiences the world around them. The persistent low mood, the fading interest in things that once brought joy, the fog that makes even simple decisions feel overwhelming - all of it quietly chips away at a person's quality of life. For decades, antidepressants have been the go-to solution. But the reality is, they don't work for everyone. Some people wait weeks before noticing any change. Others deal with side effects that feel like trading one problem for another. It's a gap that researchers and clinicians have long been trying to close. That's where psilocybin enters the conversation. Found naturally in certain mushrooms, this compound has been drawing serious scientific attention - not as a curiosity, but as a genuine candidate for treating depression. What makes it particularly intriguing is how it works: it targets serotonin receptors in the brain, helping to lift mood, improve how we process emotions, and even encourage the brain's own ability to adapt and rewire itself. Animal studies have painted an encouraging picture. Mice, rats, zebrafish, and even fruit flies have all shown measurable reductions in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors following psilocybin. And it's not just the lab - clinical trials using a synthetic version called COMP360 have shown real promise in people with treatment-resistant depression, with some patients reporting meaningful improvement within days that lasted for weeks. One thing these studies make clear, though, is that the medicine alone isn't the whole story. The psychological support surrounding the experience - before, during, and after - appears to be just as important as the compound itself. It's this combination of pharmacology and human care that sets psilocybin-assisted therapy apart, offering something closer to a wholeperson approach to healing. Researchers are now focused on making this treatment safer, more consistent, and ultimately more accessible to those who need it most", "journal": "JOURNAL OF ADVANCE AND FUTURE RESEARCH", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.56975/jaafr.v4i5.509087", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.56975/jaafr.v4i5.509087", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Depression (economics), Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Social support, MEDLINE, Psychological distress, Psychological intervention, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160185913\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7160185913\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"compound:comp360\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102589440\",\"display_name\":\"Gyandev Gupta\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5135117225\",\"display_name\":\"Ravina Yadav\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5407040580\",\"source_display_name\":\"JOURNAL OF ADVANCE AND FUTURE RESEARCH\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.56975/jaafr.v4i5.509087\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7160185913" }, { "id": 130, "title": "Trip killers: Addressing a critical knowledge gap in psychedelic research.", "normalized_title": "trip killers addressing a critical knowledge gap in psychedelic research", "authors": "O'Mahony B, Harrington C, Harkin A, Lally N", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs are increasingly under investigation as potential therapeutic agents for mental health conditions and are being increasingly used recreationally. Psychedelic use may result in an episode of intense psychological distress, commonly referred to as a \"bad trip.\" Bad trips represent a potentially volatile, erratic, and dangerous situation, which may, in extreme cases, require presentation to accident and emergency departments and psychiatric hospital admission. Managing such cases requires careful consideration, with priority given to non-pharmacological strategies. When these measures prove insufficient, an alternative approach may be necessary, one that can effectively attenuate or terminate the psychedelic state and restore psychological stability. Despite clinical relevance, there is no systematic evaluation of pharmacological interventions to terminate such experiences. This review identifies and critically appraises candidate medications with potential utility as abortive agents, including serotonin antagonists, drugs for psychosis, and select drugs for anxiety and depression. We review these agents, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, safety profiles, and applicability in acute care settings. Binding strength at the molecular level, potency to functionally block receptor-mediated effects, and lack of side effects are key considerations. We conclude by proposing a provisional framework for the pharmacologic management of adverse psychedelic experiences and highlight key priorities for future research.", "journal": "Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1177/02698811261431056", "pubmed_id": "41869862", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41869862/", "keywords": "5-HT2A, LSD, antipsychotics, bad trips, psilocybin, psychedelic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:34", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"41869862\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 122, "title": "New Approach Methodologies and Open Access Tools Help Characterize Risks for DART, DNT, or Endocrine Effects From Exposure to Hallucinogens With Potential Pesticide Contaminants", "normalized_title": "new approach methodologies and open access tools help characterize risks for dart dnt or endocrine effects from exposure to hallucinogens with potential pesticide contaminants", "authors": "Marilyn H. Silva", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybe mushrooms (psilocybin/psilocin [PSI/PSC]) and ayahuasca (N,N-dimethyltryptamine [DMT]) are hallucinogenic serotonergic agonists. Pregnant and lactating women are frequently omitted from clinical studies; hence minimal developmental/reproductive/neurotoxicity (DART/DNT) and endocrine disruption (ED) data in humans are available. Hallucinogens contaminated with pesticides may have overlapping metabolic pathways affecting toxicity. An examination of potential adverse effects on pregnancy and development from exposure to hallucinogenic plants, hypothetically contaminated with organophosphates (OP) or organochlorines (OC), was performed using new approach methodologies (NAMs) and open access tools. METHODS: Cheminformatics Modules, Predicting Developmental Toxicity Potential Project, Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) using quantitative structure-activity relationships, Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program, California's Proposition 65 list, and ToxCast assays were investigated for DART/DNT and ED reported effects and/or predictions related to PSI/PSC, DMT, and sentinel pesticides (chlorpyrifos/chlorpyrifos-oxon and endosulfan). ToxCast data were inputs for Integrated Chemical Environment (ICE) PBTK adult and fetal models to generate adjusted human Administered Equivalent Doses (AdjAEDs) that were compared to regulatory dose ranges for hallucinogens and pesticides to assess model predictions. RESULTS: Cheminformatics Modules, PregPred, and TEST-QSAR predicted that hallucinogens and pesticides have DART, DNT, and ED effects. No ToxCast data were reported for DMT and PSI was ToxCast inactive. PSC/pesticide overlapping metabolic pathways were CYP2C9 modulated by serotonin, thyroid hormones and sonic hedgehog, each associated with development. Clinical PSC and regulatory pesticide points of departure were generally within range of predicted fetal AdjAEDs. CONCLUSIONS: Open access NAMs tools identified risks to fetal development from exposure to hallucinogens and pesticides.", "journal": "Birth Defects Research", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/bdr2.70048", "pubmed_id": "42163018", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.70048", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Pesticide, Endocrine system, Endocrine disruptor, Pharmacology, Biology, Toxicology, Cosmetics, Medicine, Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, Bioinformatics, Consumer safety, Computational biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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H. Silva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-760X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S23975315\",\"source_display_name\":\"Birth Defects Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.70048\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7161947696" }, { "id": 3041, "title": "The Ecstasy of Gold in Neurodiversity: Focus on the Use of Psychedelics in Autism Spectrum Disorder", "normalized_title": "the ecstasy of gold in neurodiversity focus on the use of psychedelics in autism spectrum disorder", "authors": "Marini S, De Berardis D.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs are serotonergic hallucinogens that can be divided into two types: naturally occurring (psilocybin, psilocin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and synthetic (LSD, MDMA, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and ketamine). Psychedelics generally work on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and might be useful in cognitive enhancement, brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, and neuronal regeneration. These properties could be used in the pharmacological treatment of selected mental disorders. Autism spectrum disorders include a group of developmental disorders characterized by social communication issues, the presence of restricted interests as well as repetitive behaviors that impact the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Currently, there are no authorized drugs for the treatment of the symptomatic features of ASD, but drugs are used for comorbid psychopathological aspects, but the efficacy and tolerability of such treatments are often questionable. Here, studies demonstrating the therapeutic utility of using psychedelic substances in autism are reported. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of psychedelics for some aspects of symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder.", "journal": "Preprints.org", "publication_date": "2026-04-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.20944/preprints202604.1998.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202604.1998.v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1183908\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Preprints.org\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 152, "title": "The Harmonious Dance: A Narrative Review on Psychedelics and Music in Therapeutic Settings.", "normalized_title": "the harmonious dance a narrative review on psychedelics and music in therapeutic settings", "authors": "Wang H, Li X, Yu F, Wang X", "abstract": "The integration of psychedelics and music in therapeutic settings is gaining recognition for its potential to enhance mental health outcomes. This review synthesizes current evidence on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this synergy, focusing on receptor-level pathways (e.g., 5-HT2A receptor agonism, BDNF-TrkB signaling) and neural circuit dynamics (e.g., default mode network desynchronization, thalamo-cortical connectivity) that mediate psychedelic action and mu-sic-induced emotional processing. By examining how music, acting as a \"hidden therapist,\" ampli-fies the emotional and cognitive effects of psychedelics, we elucidate the mechanistic interplay that fosters deep psychological insights and emotional healing. Several key areas have been addressed, such as the exploration of dynamic brain activity in realistic music environments, the micro-neural mechanisms underlying basic musical elements, and the development of quantitative techniques for music therapy aimed at improving sleep quality and alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychedelics increase neural plasticity and downregulate the default mode network, allowing music to guide emotional processing and facilitate profound therapeutic breakthroughs. The synergy be-tween music and psychedelics shows promise in treating conditions such as depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and addiction. The scientific contributions of this review include providing an integrated mechanistic framework for understanding psychedelic-music interactions and identifying key neurobiological targets for future therapeutic optimization. Future research should focus on optimizing therapeutic protocols and understanding the neurobiological mecha-nisms underlying this powerful combination to ensure its safe and effective integration into main-stream mental health care.", "journal": "Current neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.2174/011570159x442471260422110855", "pubmed_id": "42083530", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42083530/", "keywords": "Psychedelics, default mode network, mental health, music therapy, psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:34", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"42083530\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4029, "title": "157. Opposing 5-HT Receptors Modulate Psilocybin's Action on Dendritic Calcium Dynamics", "normalized_title": "157 opposing 5 ht receptors modulate psilocybin s action on dendritic calcium dynamics", "authors": "Neil K. Savalia, Lingxiao Shao, Cory Knox, A. Gilbert, Quan Jiang, Alex Kwan", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-04-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.391", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.391", "keywords": "Chemistry, Action (physics), Dynamics (music), Calcium, Cell biology, Receptor, Neuroscience, Biophysics, Calcium signaling, Mechanism of action, Neurotransmission, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155600025\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155600025\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081566415\",\"display_name\":\"Neil K. Savalia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-4466\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134607481\",\"display_name\":\"Lingxiao Shao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089944162\",\"display_name\":\"Cory Knox\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111837567\",\"display_name\":\"A. Gilbert\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134582090\",\"display_name\":\"Quan Jiang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134566590\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Kwan\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.391\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7155600025" }, { "id": 1963, "title": "Profiling the Cell-Type Specific Effects of Psilocybin in Medial Prefrontal Cortexh", "normalized_title": "profiling the cell type specific effects of psilocybin in medial prefrontal cortexh", "authors": "Heike Schuler, Delong Zhou, Chloé Savignac, Vedrana Cvetkovska, Yiu-Chung Tse, Juliet Meccia, Danilo Bzdok, Rosemary C. Bagot", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-04-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.054", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.054", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Profiling (computer programming), Neuroscience, Prefrontal cortex, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Psychology, Brain chemistry, Brain mapping, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155636348\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155636348\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084008857\",\"display_name\":\"Heike Schuler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-5491\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100892520\",\"display_name\":\"Delong Zhou\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026755892\",\"display_name\":\"Chloé Savignac\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-8324\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044674887\",\"display_name\":\"Vedrana Cvetkovska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-6662\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134598463\",\"display_name\":\"Yiu-Chung Tse\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052114665\",\"display_name\":\"Juliet Meccia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051587217\",\"display_name\":\"Danilo Bzdok\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-6620\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106084706\",\"display_name\":\"Rosemary C. Bagot\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5512-5294\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.054\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7155636348" }, { "id": 1961, "title": "483. Acute Functional Brain Changes Associated With Psilocybin in Depression and Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis", "normalized_title": "483 acute functional brain changes associated with psilocybin in depression and healthy adults a systematic review and coordinate based meta analysis", "authors": "Joshua Poulin, Nic Viulet, Ashley Liu, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Sean M. Nestor", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-04-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.717", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.717", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Treatment-resistant depression, MEDLINE, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155645923\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155645923\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134604123\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua Poulin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134610850\",\"display_name\":\"Nic Viulet\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134566053\",\"display_name\":\"Ashley Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024494721\",\"display_name\":\"Bradley J. MacIntosh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-2355\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134575831\",\"display_name\":\"Sean M. Nestor\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.717\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7155645923" }, { "id": 157, "title": "Psilocybin ameliorates neuropathic pain-like behaviour in mice and facilitates gabapentin-mediated analgesia.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin ameliorates neuropathic pain like behaviour in mice and facilitates gabapentin mediated analgesia", "authors": "Askey T, Allen-Ross D, Luzyanin D, Lasrado R, Gilmour G, Hunt SP, Tamagnini F, Ahmed M, Stephens GJ, Maiarú M.", "abstract": "Chronic pain states remain challenging to control with current drug therapies. Here, we demonstrate that a single dose of psilocybin produces a sustained anti-nociceptive effect in chronic neuropathic pain models in male and female mice, mediated primarily by 5-HT2A receptors. Critically, psilocybin significantly potentiates the analgesic efficacy of gabapentin, a standard-of-care treatment, representing the first preclinical evidence that a psychedelic can serve as a pain-network primer for existing analgesics. This finding represents a novel therapeutic strategy with potential clinical application, particularly for the 30-50% of neuropathic pain patients who fail gabapentin monotherapy. Our data demonstrate that a single psilocybin injection produces sustained month-long changes that enhance gabapentin efficacy in a preclinical model of human pain. Together, these findings indicate that psilocybin both acutely enhances analgesia and induces lasting changes that amplify gabapentin efficacy weeks later. Such a translation is notable in chronic pain management, where most analgesics require chronic dosing and lose efficacy through tolerance. These findings establish psilocybin as a potential therapeutic addition for pain management by enabling longer-lasting changes in pain-processing networks and enhancing the utility of established treatments.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-04-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s42003-026-10065-7", "pubmed_id": "42032175", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-10065-7", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Neuralgia, Disease Models, Animal, Analgesics, Analgesia, Behavior, Animal, Female, Male, Psilocybin, Gabapentin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42032175\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 35, "title": "Serotonergic psychedelics for Autism spectrum disorder: Neurobiological mechanisms and translational prospects.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics for autism spectrum disorder neurobiological mechanisms and translational prospects", "authors": "Low ZXB.", "abstract": "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent social-communication deficits, cognitive rigidity, and atypical sensory processing. Current pharmacological treatments, including risperidone and aripiprazole, provide only limited symptomatic relief and do not address the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Converging evidence implicates dysregulated serotonergic signaling, impaired neuroplasticity, and chronic neuroimmune activation as central features of ASD pathophysiology. Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, act as high-affinity 5-HT2A receptor agonists and have re-emerged as candidates for modulating these core pathways. In this Review, we synthesize molecular, cellular, and systems-level findings suggesting that psychedelics may transiently relax overly rigid cortical priors, reopen critical periods for social learning, and recalibrate dysfunctional neural circuits in ASD. These compounds enhance synaptic plasticity via BDNF and mTOR signaling, modulate cortical oscillations, and suppress neuroinflammation by shifting microglial phenotypes and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Systems-level frameworks, including the REBUS and anarchic brain hypotheses, contextualize how psychedelics induce globally integrated, less constrained brain states that may counteract the hyper-segregated connectivity commonly observed in ASD. While preclinical and early human studies report improvements in sociability, sensory responsiveness, and behavioural flexibility, rigorous clinical trials are urgently needed to establish safety, efficacy, and optimal developmental windows for intervention. We conclude by outlining a translational roadmap to guide future research, emphasizing the need for structured integration with behavioural therapies, attention to ASD heterogeneity, ethical considerations, and the potential to shift ASD treatment beyond symptomatic management toward disease-modifying intervention.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-04-22", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111717", "pubmed_id": "42034276", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111717", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Neuronal Plasticity, Autism Spectrum Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42034276\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3137, "title": "Distinct Modulatory Effects on Affective Biases by Different Serotonergic Psychedelics and MDMA in Male Rats: Possible Implications for Antidepressant Effects", "normalized_title": "distinct modulatory effects on affective biases by different serotonergic psychedelics and mdma in male rats possible implications for antidepressant effects", "authors": "Hinchcliffe JK, Bartlett J, Thomas CW, Golden CT, Gilmour G, Bortolotto ZA, Robinson ES.", "abstract": "Affective biases are important neuropsychological mechanisms by which emotions modulate cognition, behaviour and the subjective experience of mood. Previous studies have shown that the rapid-acting antidepressant, ketamine, and serotonergic psychedelic, psilocybin, modulate affective biases in a translational rat model. Both treatments differ from conventional, delayed onset antidepressants in being able to attenuate negatively biased memories and facilitate re-learning with a more positive affective valence. Psilocybin, but not ketamine, also positively biased new experiences, an effect similar to conventional antidepressants. This study used the different affective bias test protocols, in adult male rats, to investigate the effects of acute treatment with the serotonergic psychedelics N,N-DMT, LSD and 5-MeO-DMT, and MDMA. These drugs have different pharmacology in relation to their effects on serotonin receptor subtypes and we hypothesised this may influence their modulation of affective biases. When comparing the ability to attenuate a negatively biased memory, only MDMA had specific effects although for all drugs tested, retrieval of the FG7142-induced negative affective bias was more variable and less robust statistically. LSD attenuated the negative bias at higher doses but had non-specific effects on memory retrieval. At 24hrs post treatment only N,N-DMT had a sustained effect and none of the treatments facilitated re-learning with a more positive affective valence. However, like psilocybin and conventional antidepressants, N,N-DMT positively biased new experiences. These findings suggest there are divergent affective bias modulating effects associated with different psychedelics which may be relevant to their antidepressant effects.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-04-21", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.04.20.719483", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.20.719483", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1213772\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 166, "title": "Serotonergic Polypharmacology of 2-Halogenated Tryptamines", "normalized_title": "serotonergic polypharmacology of 2 halogenated tryptamines", "authors": "Yacoub J, Bray E, Bayyat J, Glatfelter GC, Leake A, Buitrago EM, Maitland AD, Partilla J, Cavalco NG, Schalk SS, Lammers JC, Baumann MH, McCorvy J, Leahy JW, Gulick D, Witowski CG, von Salm JL.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) show therapeutic promise for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders but may be limited by liabilities from serotonin (5-HT)-2A mediated psychoactive effects and potential cardiotoxicity via 5-HT2B activation. To address these limitations, we designed and synthesized 2-halogenated derivatives of DMT and psilacetin to reduce 5-HT2A/5-HT2B activity while retaining engagement of therapeutically relevant targets, particularly 5-HT6, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT1B. This study demonstrated that 2-position halogenation decreased affinities, potencies, and efficacies at 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors while preserving potent 5-HT6 agonism, especially for 2-Br-psilocin. The analogues exhibited reduced affinities at 5-HT2B and hERG ion channels, suggesting safer cardiac valve and cardiotoxic profiles. In C57BL/6J mice, 2-Br-psilacetin did not induce the head-twitch response and attenuated 2,5 dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI)-induced head-twitch behavior, suggesting a reduced potential for inducing psychedelic effects. Behavioral assays further revealed improvements in stress-induced affective measures and hippocampus-independent cued learning at intermediate doses. These findings identify 2-halogenated tryptamines as polypharmacological serotonergic ligands with reduced psychoactivity and cardiac valve and toxic liabilities, supporting their potential as next-generation psychedelic-inspired therapeutics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-04-20", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.04.16.718915", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.16.718915", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1214370\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 36, "title": "Psilocybin restores behavioral and neuroplastic deficits induced by chronic stress in rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin restores behavioral and neuroplastic deficits induced by chronic stress in rats", "authors": "Agnieszka Bysiek, Izabela Szpręgiel, Adam Wojtas, Marzena Maćkowiak, Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargieła, Monika Leśkiewicz, Ewa Trojan, Katarzyna Kamińska, Weronika Kumorek, Wiktor Bilecki, K Golembiowska", "abstract": "", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-04-18", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111710", "pubmed_id": "42009274", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111710", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anhedonia, Neuroscience, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Neuroplasticity, Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, Psychology, Neurotrophic factors, Hallucinogen, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Neurogenesis, Limbic system, Long-term potentiation, Pyramidal cell, Neurotrophin, Dentate gyrus, Prefrontal cortex, Open field, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133975141\",\"display_name\":\"Izabela Szpręgiel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067587745\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Wojtas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-8396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061387141\",\"display_name\":\"Marzena Maćkowiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-9595\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069011269\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargieła\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-8369\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085933249\",\"display_name\":\"Monika Leśkiewicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-2821\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079453042\",\"display_name\":\"Ewa Trojan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-7026\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133999057\",\"display_name\":\"Katarzyna Kamińska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133991679\",\"display_name\":\"Weronika Kumorek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091742730\",\"display_name\":\"Wiktor Bilecki\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-1471\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034140739\",\"display_name\":\"K Golembiowska\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111710\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7154915262" }, { "id": 168, "title": "Psychedelics and Autism Therapy: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and autism therapy a review of current research and future directions", "authors": "Christopher S. Gondi, Manu Gnanamony, Tarun P. Gondi, Lilyt Nersesyan, Lusine Demirkhanyan", "abstract": "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong condition marked by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Current treatments, primarily behavioral therapies, often fail to address the core symptoms. Recent research has explored the potential of psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA, as a new therapeutic approach. While these substances primarily modulate the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, their therapeutic effects also involve interactions with other serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic pathways, collectively promoting neuroplasticity-the brain’s ability to change and adapt. The specific receptors’ activation leads to structural and functional changes in the brain that can enhance social behavior and emotional regulation. Studies show that psychedelics may reduce symptoms of conditions like treatment-resistant depression and PTSD, highlighting their therapeutic potential. For ASD specifically, psychedelics may improve psychological flexibility, reduce distress, and enhance social interaction. While promising, the use of these substances requires careful consideration. Psychedelics can induce intense experiences and altered states of consciousness, necessitating strict monitoring and support during therapy. Ethical guidelines, including informed consent, are crucial, especially for vulnerable populations. In conclusion, psychedelics hold significant promise for treating ASD and other psychiatric disorders by promoting neuroplasticity and modulating complex signaling pathways. Continued research and clinical trials, conducted with strong ethical oversight, are essential to realizing their full therapeutic potential.", "journal": "Current Issues in Molecular Biology", "publication_date": "2026-04-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.3390/cimb48040417", "pubmed_id": "42042077", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48040417", "keywords": "Psychology, Neuroscience, Autism, Glutamatergic, Neuroplasticity, Autism spectrum disorder, Therapeutic approach, Psychotherapist, Brain activity and meditation, Depression (economics), Social relation, Cognition, Clinical Practice, Clinical psychology, Deep brain stimulation, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Gondi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134013452\",\"display_name\":\"Lilyt Nersesyan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088446332\",\"display_name\":\"Lusine Demirkhanyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-7996\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S62841813\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Issues in Molecular Biology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48040417\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Psychological Flexibility,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7154992046" }, { "id": 169, "title": "Psilocybin reshapes cortical inhibition through selective interneuron recruitment", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reshapes cortical inhibition through selective interneuron recruitment", "authors": "Davoudian PA, Jiang Q, Knox CA, Savalia NK, Shao L, Wilson J, Weiner AM, Chong CW, Liao C, Nothnagel JD, Sakurai T, Kwan AC.", "abstract": "Psychedelics show therapeutic potential for treating psychiatric disorders. While studies have emphasized the roles of cortical pyramidal cells, GABAergic neurons also express serotonin receptors and are therefore likely targets of psychedelics. In this study, we determine the effect of psilocybin on the activity dynamics of major GABAergic cell types in the mouse medial frontal cortex. Psilocybin reduces the firing of somatostatin-expressing interneurons, but increases the activity of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. This cell type-specific response is unlikely to involve vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons. Instead, pharmacological blockade and conditional knockout experiments demonstrate that psilocybin acts on the 5-HT1A receptor at SST interneurons, which contributes to the drug's long-term behavioral effects. Collectively, the results reveal that the classic psychedelic psilocybin alters cortical inhibition in a cell type-specific manner.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-04-16", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.04.16.718963", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.16.718963", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1215011\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3019, "title": "Psilocybin in Older Adults: Therapeutic Opportunities in Inflammation-Driven Disorders of Aging-From Depression to Neurodegeneration", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in older adults therapeutic opportunities in inflammation driven disorders of aging from depression to neurodegeneration", "authors": "Jóźwiak-Bębenista M, Stasiak A, Sienkiewicz M, Kwiatkowski P, Kowalczyk E.", "abstract": "Aging is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation (“inflammaging”), which contributes to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Conventional pharmacotherapies often provide limited benefit in older adults and are further complicated by polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions. Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic acting primarily as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist and currently undergoing accelerated clinical development, has emerged as a potential multimodal therapeutic agent addressing these challenges. Acting via its active metabolite psilocin, 5-HT2A-mediated signaling biases cortical glutamatergic transmission, enhances TrkB/BDNF pathways, and modulates neuro-immune cascades (including NF-κB), with convergent systems-level effects such as re-organization of the default mode network. Human studies report acute reductions in TNF-α with variable effects on IL-6 and CRP, consistent with an immunomodulatory profile. Pharmacokinetically, psilocybin shows properties advantageous in geriatric care: rapid onset, short half-life, and predominant phase-II glucuronidation, reducing interaction risk. Controlled studies demonstrate rapid antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and existential distress, with emerging feasibility signals in neurodegeneration. Together, these find-ings support the hypothesis that a time-limited, mechanism-based intervention may improve mood and cognition while attenuating inflammation. This review integrates current evidence on psilocybin’s neuroimmune and pharmacokinetic mechanisms rel-evant to aging, outlining its potential role in inflammation-related disorders and high-lighting the need for targeted studies in older adults, who remain underrepresented in psychedelic research.", "journal": "Preprints.org", "publication_date": "2026-04-14", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.20944/preprints202604.1125.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202604.1125.v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1179388\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Preprints.org\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Inflammaging,Review Article,Older Adults,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Drug Interactions,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 175, "title": "Sex-specific increased reactivity of the PVT and prolonged PVT→CeA circuit engagement following psilocin administration", "normalized_title": "sex specific increased reactivity of the pvt and prolonged pvt cea circuit engagement following psilocin administration", "authors": "D. P. Effinger, J. L. Hoffman, Sema G. Quadir, C. S. Rollison, D. Toedt, M. Echeveste Sanchez, M. W. High, C. W. Hodge, Melissa A. Herman", "abstract": "The psychedelic psilocybin has shown therapeutic potential, yet underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of psilocin-the active metabolite of psilocybin-on basal activity and reactivity within the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) and PVT projections to central amygdala (CeA) in rats. Psilocin administration increased PVT c-Fos expression and selectively engaged PVT→CeA neurons in females, but not males. Psilocin enhanced PVT reactivity to an aversive air-puff stimulus, with effects primarily driven by passive responders. In PVT→CeA neurons, psilocin prevented time-dependent reductions in stimulus-evoked activity and maintained reactivity across timepoints in females but not males. The sustained engagement of PVT→CeA circuitry was driven by active responders. These findings identify sex-specific modulation of thalamic-limbic circuitry and behavior by psilocin, implicating PVT→CeA circuitry in the neural and behavioral effects of psychedelic compounds, advancing our understanding of how psychedelics modulate emotional brain circuits to further inform potential therapeutic mechanisms. Psychedelics have therapeutic potential, yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, authors show that psilocin increased PVT and PVT◄CeA activity in female rats, revealing sexspecific effects on thalamo-limbic circuitry and behavior.", "journal": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2026-04-09", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-71481-1", "pubmed_id": "41963345", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71481-1", "keywords": "Chemistry, Pharmacology, Reactivity (psychology), Medicine, Sensitivity (control systems), Administration (probate law), HEK293 cells, Metabolite, Mass spectrometry, Metabolism, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Sleep and Wakefulness Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7153282894\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7153282894\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1463791314\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968714114\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972768039\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991637932\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998821779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000183296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007232346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008192007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020074630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036978107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040847356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072888936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099015302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126257863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144396518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163492988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169760336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2221703765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2236432672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508267175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604260631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616069238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808269104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912103552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2939750467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951846486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2956525492\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001515090\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023857100\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095758168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3144767389\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154021207\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158701828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161929947\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191957085\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211016258\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251156383\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283031317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285797023\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291010266\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312105520\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313647762\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365444032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378417152\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399917337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401281508\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407396574\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133344543\",\"display_name\":\"D. P. Effinger\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133365777\",\"display_name\":\"J. L. Hoffman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028308908\",\"display_name\":\"Sema G. Quadir\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-9920\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133325041\",\"display_name\":\"C. S. Rollison\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133380474\",\"display_name\":\"D. Toedt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6824-9201\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133369365\",\"display_name\":\"M. Echeveste Sanchez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133338572\",\"display_name\":\"M. W. High\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133386859\",\"display_name\":\"C. W. Hodge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046822772\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa A. Herman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-3439\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S64187185\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71481-1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7153282894" }, { "id": 4052, "title": "Classic psychedelics in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a circuit-based framework", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics in obsessive compulsive disorder a circuit based framework", "authors": "Saif S. Ali, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Karl G. Sieg", "abstract": "", "journal": "Nature Mental Health", "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s44220-026-00626-4", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-026-00626-4", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Default mode network, Psychology, Neuroscience, Neuroimaging, Hallucinogen, Neuroplasticity, Functional neuroimaging, Pathological, Biological neural network, Salience (neuroscience), Lysergic acid diethylamide, Cognition, Connectome, Nerve net, 5-HT2A receptor, Perspective (graphical), Cognitive psychology, Electroencephalography, Addiction, Consciousness, Rumination, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:35", "raw_json": 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S. Ali\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-8801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5132729100\",\"display_name\":\"Robin L. Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5132637912\",\"display_name\":\"Karl G. Sieg\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387286578\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Mental Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-026-00626-4\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,OCD,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7146946836" }, { "id": 188, "title": "Psychedelic Therapies for Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder and Chronic Pain: A Review of Putative Mechanisms of Action", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapies for comorbid major depressive disorder and chronic pain a review of putative mechanisms of action", "authors": "Jordana Kazdan, Karim S. Ladha, M. Ishrat Husain", "abstract": "Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and chronic pain are independently debilitating conditions that frequently co-occur. This comorbidity poses a significant clinical challenge, resulting in greater symptom severity, higher disability, and worse prognosis than either condition alone. Current therapies often address each disorder in isolation, leaving individuals with comorbid MDD and chronic pain underserved. Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) have reemerged as promising therapeutic targets for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. When combined with psychological support, psychedelics show rapid and sustained antidepressant potential, and preliminary evidence supports analgesic effects. Despite substantial overlap in the biological and psychological processes underlying MDD and chronic pain, research on psychedelics for this comorbidity remains largely unexplored. This narrative review examines putative mechanisms through which psychedelics target symptoms of both MDD and chronic pain. Mechanisms considered include serotonergic modulation via the 5-HT2A receptor, anti-inflammatory effects, neuroplastic changes, altered brain network dynamics, psychological effects, and the influence of set and setting. While most existing evidence comes from populations with either depression or pain alone, the breadth of proposed mechanisms supports psychedelics as a unified therapeutic approach for comorbid MDD and chronic pain. This review provides a compelling rationale for future clinical trials to evaluate psychedelic-assisted therapies for complex neuropsychiatric and medical conditions.", "journal": "Pharmacology Research & Perspectives", "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/prp2.70238", "pubmed_id": "41940853", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70238", "keywords": "Comorbidity, Serotonergic, Chronic pain, Major depressive disorder, Antidepressant, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Psychology, Clinical trial, Psychiatric comorbidity, Dissociative, Neuroplasticity, Psychotherapist, Narrative review, Hallucinogen, MEDLINE, Anxiety, Psychopathology, Default mode network, Bioinformatics, Therapeutic approach, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Kazdan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056143246\",\"display_name\":\"Karim S. Ladha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-2458\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133053736\",\"display_name\":\"M. Ishrat Husain\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764487716\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70238\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7150989008" }, { "id": 187, "title": "An international mega-analysis of psychedelic drug effects on brain circuit function", "normalized_title": "an international mega analysis of psychedelic drug effects on brain circuit function", "authors": "Manesh Girn, Manoj K. Doss, Leor Roseman, Katrin H. Preller, Fernanda Palhano-Fontes, Lorenzo Pasquini, Frederick S. Barrett, Pablo Mallaroni, Natasha L. Mason, Christopher Timmermann, Drummond E-Wen McCulloch, Patrick M. Fisher, Brian Winston, Flora Moujaes, Felix Muller, Matthias E. Liechti, Franz X. Vollenweider, Johannes G. Ramaekers, Kim Kuypers, Dráulio B. Araújo, Olaf Sporns, Joshua S. Siegel, Nico U.F. Dosenbach, David J. Nutt, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, Danilo Bzdok", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs are re-emerging as promising scientific and clinical tools. However, despite a rapidly expanding literature on their therapeutic value, the neural mechanisms underlying psychedelic effects remain unclear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of acute psychedelic effects, conducted independently by several research groups, have so far yielded fragmented and sometimes inconsistent findings. Here, to help facilitate greater convergence, we conducted a 'mega-analysis' integrating 11 independent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets across five psychedelic drugs (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine and ayahuasca) from research groups spanning three continents and five countries. By applying a uniform preprocessing pipeline and a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we discovered several common features in the induced alterations to brain function across drugs and sites. Most prominently, we identified a core signature of increased functional connectivity between transmodal (default, frontoparietal and limbic) and unimodal networks (visual and somatomotor), with subnetwork specificity. Furthermore, key subcortical regions (thalamus, caudate and putamen) and the cerebellum exhibited altered coupling with sensorimotor networks. In contrast to several single-site reports, Bayesian modeling revealed weak-to-moderate and selective reductions in within-network functional connectivity, with substantial variability across drugs and networks. Together, these findings extend past work by demonstrating that psychedelics reconfigure large-scale cortical organization while selectively engaging subcortical circuitry. This study provides the most comprehensive synthesis of psychedelic brain action to date, helping resolve inconsistencies and offering a probabilistic map of how psychedelics alter large-scale brain organization. We hereby provide a cornerstone to benchmark and shepherd future psychedelic neuroimaging research.", "journal": "Nature Medicine", "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41591-026-04287-9", "pubmed_id": "41942645", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04287-9", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Drug, Brain function, Medicine, Function (biology), Pharmacology, Brain Structure and Function, Hallucinogen, Central nervous system, Psychology, Electrophysiology, Premovement neuronal activity, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7150978140\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7150978140\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008607322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047453615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067456724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099880429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143909130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148601705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160350564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2491633544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536956629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547503455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610021178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803908959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894020209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951583631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951617899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952574438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977883299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2997410141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007018221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023338115\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091722552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241074797\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241221200\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295750005\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310813805\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319079931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327914778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386686192\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387105778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387374386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390629750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401340652\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017398137\",\"display_name\":\"Manesh Girn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-4273\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084261335\",\"display_name\":\"Manoj K. Doss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-2522\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133050232\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133026876\",\"display_name\":\"Fernanda Palhano-Fontes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018132997\",\"display_name\":\"Lorenzo Pasquini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-7061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133033674\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063711942\",\"display_name\":\"Pablo Mallaroni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-2837\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133028052\",\"display_name\":\"Natasha L. Mason\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064300685\",\"display_name\":\"Drummond E-Wen McCulloch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-5224\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074295410\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Winston\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039540919\",\"display_name\":\"Flora Moujaes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-0393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133022403\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Muller\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133031295\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133017846\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes G. Ramaekers\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133035411\",\"display_name\":\"Kim Kuypers\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126522728\",\"display_name\":\"Dráulio B. Araújo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002202464\",\"display_name\":\"Olaf Sporns\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-4036\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075343216\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua S. Siegel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-3641\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024114285\",\"display_name\":\"Nico U.F. Dosenbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-7078\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133013863\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Nutt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133045443\",\"display_name\":\"Robin L. Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133003428\",\"display_name\":\"Emmanuel A. Stamatakis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051587217\",\"display_name\":\"Danilo Bzdok\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-6620\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S203256638\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04287-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7150978140" }, { "id": 183, "title": "The astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex contribute to the rapid antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin in the chronic restraint stress mouse model", "normalized_title": "the astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex contribute to the rapid antidepressant like effects of psilocybin in the chronic restraint stress mouse model", "authors": "Yong-Xing Qiao, Wei Dai, Yishan Yao, Qian-qian Wei, Chen-xing Yue, Yong-Yu Yin, Yun-feng Li, Liming Zhang", "abstract": "", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111698", "pubmed_id": "41974301", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111698", "keywords": "Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, Psilocybin, Medicine, Hippocampus, Central nervous system, Biology, Glutamate receptor, Stress (linguistics), Chronic stress, Psychology, Chemistry, Animal model, Local field potential, Working memory, Cerebral cortex, Hallucinogen, Long-term potentiation, Neurotransmitter, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7153732577\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7153732577\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1570428653\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988766176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992958350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001537648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012762570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037919781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059150405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088462452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153849787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536297730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571926868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572710398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2601196285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626484177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741144353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802810031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805858388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981248429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001091588\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005586777\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010363778\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132240972\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179730861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193238329\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207748843\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210544342\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213362614\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241890726\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378473236\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387173612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399458930\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409730083\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411302754\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101301593\",\"display_name\":\"Yong-Xing Qiao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038067157\",\"display_name\":\"Wei Dai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-0159\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043861769\",\"display_name\":\"Yishan Yao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-1688\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133458980\",\"display_name\":\"Qian-qian Wei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133462762\",\"display_name\":\"Chen-xing Yue\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102648206\",\"display_name\":\"Yong-Yu Yin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-5543\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133473247\",\"display_name\":\"Yun-feng Li\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101545617\",\"display_name\":\"Liming Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-8985\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111698\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7153732577" }, { "id": 153, "title": "Specific and Multi-Product Clade I and Clade IV Sesquiterpene Synthases Contribute to the Psilocybe cubensis Volatilome", "normalized_title": "specific and multi product clade i and clade iv sesquiterpene synthases contribute to the psilocybe cubensis volatilome", "authors": "Sebastian Schober, Lisa Dorfmann, Karl Walther, Felix Blei, A.R. Chadeayne, Markus Gressler, Stefan Bartram, Sarah E. O’Connor, Dirk Hoffmeister", "abstract": "Apart from the psychedelic psilocybin, the metabolite spectrum of Psilocybe \"magic mushrooms\" comprises sesquiterpenes, a class of natural products known to exhibit receptor-modulating bioactivities. However, the composition of the sesquiterpene profile has largely remained an open question. Here, we report the characterization of five Psilocybe cubensis sesquiterpene synthases, both in vitro using recombinantly produced enzymes and in vivo in Aspergillus niger. CubF is a clade I α-muurolol synthase. The investigated clade IV synthases were the near-identical CubG1 and CubG2 synthases, which catalyze mainly epi-isozizaene and β-duprezianene formation. Furthermore, CubH and CubI were identified as primarily making dauca-4(11),8-diene and β-barbatene, respectively. Gas chromatographic analyses of the headspaces of P. cubensis vegetative mycelium and fruiting bodies showed qualitative and quantitative differences, with sterpurene being among the major compounds in mycelium and dauca-4(11),8-diene in fruiting bodies. This fundamental knowledge of the P. cubensis terpenome may help distinguish the pharmacological effects of magic mushrooms versus pure psilocybin.", "journal": "ChemBioChem", "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/cbic.70318", "pubmed_id": "42011697", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.70318", "keywords": "Sesquiterpene, Clade, Biology, Mycelium, Metabolite, Secondary metabolite, Terpenoid, Botany, Aspergillus, Biochemistry, In vivo, Gene, Fungus, Enzyme, Terpene, Ergosterol, Cytochrome P450, CYP2C9, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning, Fungal Biology and Applications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155045310\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7155045310\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W34737470\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882311176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1909891465\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975422925\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981345948\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983102293\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984637619\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988207898\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994525974\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996080350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000252737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015609969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030514434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062439106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078043823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078723075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084826641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111211467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131104248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137015675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141367747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165941710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318089137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327794513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336400828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337382682\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529095442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608168568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2780846740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903438963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905099610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946612481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993991001\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006024643\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014659170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3062545285\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118242732\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199891747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206437244\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221109224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280616839\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315702379\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386116348\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391717143\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391970820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410051084\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411245614\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134185831\",\"display_name\":\"Sebastian Schober\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134188130\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa Dorfmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5134177917\",\"display_name\":\"Karl Walther\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088811388\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Blei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3190-8684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034491084\",\"display_name\":\"A.R. Chadeayne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-0337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015043702\",\"display_name\":\"Markus Gressler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-7618\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036926005\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Bartram\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-2817\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024537880\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah E. O’Connor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-6213\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010592951\",\"display_name\":\"Dirk Hoffmeister\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-6461\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S154285657\",\"source_display_name\":\"ChemBioChem\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.70318\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7155045310" }, { "id": 205, "title": "Psychedelics and the quantum brain: a falsifiable hypothesis on Posner molecules and spin-dependent pharmacology", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and the quantum brain a falsifiable hypothesis on posner molecules and spin dependent pharmacology", "authors": "J. Geraci, Erik Viirre, Bessi Qorri, Luca Pani", "abstract": "Classical serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., LSD, psilocybin, DMT) alter perception and neuroplasticity primarily via 5-HT2A receptor activation and downstream Ca 2+ -dependent signaling cascades. Here we propose a speculative yet falsifiable pharmacological hypothesis that these drug-induced biochemical cascades might interface with quantum-mechanical processes in the brain. We focus on nuclear spin dynamics in phosphate-containing biomolecules-calcium phosphate nanoclusters known as “Posner molecules” (Ca 9 (PO4 ) 6 ) - as a candidate substrate for quantum coherence and entanglement in neural tissue. We distinguish the metaphorical “classical” analogies in psychedelic neuroscience from a literal quantum-level mechanism involving nuclear spin coherence and entanglement. The central hypothesis is that intense 5-HT2A-driven neural activity and Ca 2+ flux during psychedelic exposure foster conditions under which 31 P nuclear spins in phosphate groups may become entangled and shielded from decoherence within Posner molecules and subsequently influence neuronal signaling when these clusters dissolve and release bursts of Ca 2+ in different neuronal compartments. Building on Fisher’s Posner model of quantum cognition, we reframe Posner molecules as a potential quantum-coherence nexus in psychedelic action, de-emphasizing earlier microtubule-centric models and explore how such quantum effects, if they exist, might influence pharmacological outcomes. We outline translational implications of this hypothesis, including potential insights into inter-individual variability in treatment response and novel experimental paradigms for psychiatry. To ensure falsifiability, we propose concrete experimental directions in the short term (isotopically modified psychedelics and xenon environments), medium term (advanced quantum sensors such as nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry and ultrafast spectroscopy), and long term (entangled ligand studies or quantum neuroimaging modalities). While speculative, this interdisciplinary framework generates specific, disprovable predictions. Confirming or refuting the role of quantum-mechanical phenomena in psychedelic neuropharmacology would profoundly impact our understanding of mind-brain relationships and encourage high-reward innovation in psychiatric treatment and brain-targeted drug design.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-03-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1777613", "pubmed_id": "41988526", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1777613", "keywords": "Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy), Neuroscience, Quantum, Chemistry, Quantum entanglement, Falsifiability, Physics, Magnetoencephalography, Nanoclusters, Psychology, Quantum mechanics, Quantum sensor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7143938647\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7143938647\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1520965145\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965893090\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988853039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045058305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161496609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266469747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342982958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2534420584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769927696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797030385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804281404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903441148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963970956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981227187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990391088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008996928\",\"https://openalex.org/W3114859937\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3170157783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210955860\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289528718\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405109031\",\"https://openalex.org/W7119525557\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121775622\",\"display_name\":\"J. Geraci\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112167988\",\"display_name\":\"Erik Viirre\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086616644\",\"display_name\":\"Bessi Qorri\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-7299\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079245684\",\"display_name\":\"Luca Pani\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1777613\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7143938647" }, { "id": 4054, "title": "Therapeutic Potential of Classical Psychedelics and NonHallucinogenic Psychoplastogens in Psychiatric Disorders", "normalized_title": "therapeutic potential of classical psychedelics and nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogens in psychiatric disorders", "authors": "Kenji Hashimoto, Feyza Arıcıoğlu, Mesut Çetin", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, and current antidepressants are limited by delayed onset and incomplete response. Building on advances driven by ketamine research, renewed interest has focused on classical serotonergic psychedelics-particularly psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-DMT, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-which, under supervised conditions, can produce rapid and sometimes durable improvements in mood. This review synthesizes contemporary clinical evidence for classical psychedelics in depression and related disorders and evaluates key translational challenges, including small sample sizes, expectancy effects, and limitations in maintaining blinding in randomized controlled trials. We further evaluate mechanistic frameworks that move beyond an exclusively 5-HT2A receptor-centric framework. Classical psychedelics engage multiple serotonergic receptor subtypes and convergent intracellular signaling pathways that modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission, promote synaptic plasticity, and reorganize large-scale brain networks. Converging preclinical and clinical evidence implicates neurotrophic mechanisms- particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling-as contributors to sustained therapeutic effects. Although acute mystical-type experiences may enhance clinical response, emerging evidence suggests they are not strictly required, raising the possibility that plasticity-promoting mechanisms can be partially dissociated from hallucinogenic effects. We also consider peripheral contributions, including gut-brain axis interactions, that may influence treatment durability. Finally, we discuss safety considerations and future directions, emphasizing the need for rigorously designed trials of next-gene", "journal": "Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-03-29", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.65801/pcp.3512", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.65801/pcp.3512", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Blinding, Psychology, Expectancy theory, Medicine, Clinical trial, Psychiatry, Neurotrophic factors, Amygdala, Addiction, Depression (economics), Neuromodulation, Neuropharmacology, Major depressive disorder, Hallucinogen, Bipolar disorder, Deep brain stimulation, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Glutamatergic, Translational research, Consciousness, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:36", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7143411647\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7143411647\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5130979130\",\"display_name\":\"Kenji Hashimoto\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5130947657\",\"display_name\":\"Feyza Arıcıoğlu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071350230\",\"display_name\":\"Mesut Çetin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-5701\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210198841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.65801/pcp.3512\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7143411647" }, { "id": 213, "title": "Psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in iPSC-derived human cortical neurons.", "normalized_title": "psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in ipsc derived human cortical neurons", "authors": "Schmidt M, Hoffrichter A, Davoudi M, Horschitz S, Lau T, Meinhardt MW, Spanagel R, Ladewig J, Köhr G, Koch P.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is studied as innovative medication in anxiety, substance abuse and treatment-resistant depression. Animal studies show that psychedelics promote neuronal plasticity by strengthening synaptic responses and protein synthesis. However, the exact molecular and cellular changes induced by psilocybin in the human brain are not known. Here, we treated human cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells with the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocin - the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin. We analyzed how exposure to psilocin affects gene expression, neuronal morphology, synaptic markers and neuronal function. Psilocin provoked a 5-HT2A-R-mediated augmentation of BDNF abundance. Transcriptomic profiling identified gene expression signatures priming neurons to neuroplasticity. On a morphological level, psilocin induced enhanced neuronal complexity and increased expression of synaptic proteins, in particular in the postsynaptic compartment. Consistently, we observed an increased excitability and enhanced synaptic network activity in neurons treated with psilocin. In conclusion, exposure of human neurons to psilocin might induce a state of enhanced neuronal plasticity, which could explain why psilocin is beneficial in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders where synaptic dysfunctions are discussed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-03-26", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.7554/elife.104006", "pubmed_id": "41891829", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.104006", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Hallucinogens, Gene Expression Profiling, Neuronal Plasticity, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41891829\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 215, "title": "Psilocybin shapes the slow, global propagation of brain activity over the cortical layout of 5HT2a receptors", "normalized_title": "psilocybin shapes the slow global propagation of brain activity over the cortical layout of 5ht2a receptors", "authors": "Veronica Mäki-Marttunen", "abstract": "Uncovering the neural basis of psychedelics’ potent effects on brain activity and conscious experience has great potential for understanding their therapeutic effects. Numerous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uncovered a strong effect of psychedelics on global properties of fMRI signal, but how they map to underlying neural phenomena remains to be further explored. In this article, we aimed to relate commonly reported findings from functional connectivity studies of psychedelics to changes in the spatio-temporal propagation of activity over the unimodal-transmodal cortical axis. We used data from an openly available dataset including baseline sessions, a control session with administration of methylphenidate, and psilocybin, a 5HT2a agonist. We found that faster propagation speed was related to increased total functional connectivity and a contraction of the principal gradient. The results support the view that these functional connectivity indices obtained from entire signal time courses reflect the modulation of specific global events of propagation. Furthermore, we found that the cortical distribution of 5HT2a receptors could contribute to the modulation of travelling wave propagation by psilocybin. These findings provide a link between macroscopic signatures of neuromodulatory activity, global brain events and receptor action, with relevance for understanding the mechanisms of psychedelic effects. The psychedelic substance psilocybin modifies the temporo-spatial aspects of global infraslow cortical activity across the serotonin receptor landscapes. These findings provide a link between macroscopic signatures of neuromodulatory activity, global brain events and receptor action, with relevance for understanding the mechanisms of psychedelic effects.", "journal": "Communications Biology", "publication_date": "2026-03-25", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s42003-026-09912-4", "pubmed_id": "41882058", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09912-4", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Neural activity, Chemistry, Brain activity and meditation, Psilocybin, Receptor, Premovement neuronal activity, 5-HT2A receptor, Human brain, Central nervous system, Brain mapping, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Diencephalon, Biology, Midbrain, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7140297251\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7140297251\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008659680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096407697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107499714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112596612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149013149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166073443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402398548\",\"https://openalex.org/W2526529257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588517580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604707717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623598950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773293192\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794779684\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893373014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898334035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951617899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962527742\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010641024\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020271498\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092035884\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094017755\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149159936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182085149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183794771\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207723116\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220687484\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307494802\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321498049\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327914778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382181567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382726603\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386686192\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387105816\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388641010\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391838869\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391897360\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395661199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406120208\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407315370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408302497\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410461651\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411913879\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412449640\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415102484\",\"https://openalex.org/W6925695761\",\"https://openalex.org/W7134840335\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128686061\",\"display_name\":\"Veronica Mäki-Marttunen\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210225776\",\"source_display_name\":\"Communications Biology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09912-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7140297251" }, { "id": 3447, "title": "Elucidating the Relevance of the Psychedelic Experience to Psilocybin's Anti-Anhedonic Effects: A Randomized, Open-Label, Cross-Over Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Trial", "normalized_title": "elucidating the relevance of the psychedelic experience to psilocybin s anti anhedonic effects a randomized open label cross over functional magnetic resonance imaging trial", "authors": "Medical University of Vienna", "abstract": "The goal of this clinical trial is to systematically categorize potential prohedonic effects of psilocybin in patients with anhedonia in depression. The main questions it aims to answer are: Primary Objectives 1. Systematically categorize prohedonic effects (antianhedonic effects in patients with anhedonia in depression, increase in well-being in all participants). 2. Test effects of psilocybin on brain network complexity measures during the hedonic experience using fMRI as a correlate for prohedonic (anti-anhedonic and well-being increasing) effects. 3. Elucidate relevance of the psychedelic experience to these effects (clinical, behavioral, and imaging) in a pharmacological challenge using the 5-HT2A/D2 antagonist risperidone and extensive characterization of the psychedelic experience. Secondary Objectives 4. Test the differential effects of the psychedelic experience on fMRI paradigms measuring symptoms shown to be altered in anhedonia, more specifically reward processing and sexual arousal. 5. Test the relevance of neuroplasticity (BDNF) and inflammatory parameters to anti-anhedonic, well-being promoting, and brain network dynamic complexity effects. 6. Test the effects of the psychedelic experience on BDNF and inflammatory parameters. Researchers will compare the effects of psilocybin in two separate sessions (one with psilocybin alone, one with co-administration of risperidone) in both patients with depression and anhedonia and healthy control participants. Participants will: * Take 25 mg of psilocybin p.o. in two sessions, in one of the two sessions they will take 1 mg risperidone p.o. before ingestion of psilocybin, to block psilocybin's acute psychedelic effects. * Undergo 3 MRI sessions, one before the first psilocybin session ('baseline') and one session each on the day after each respective psilocybin session. * Perform a variety of tasks during each fMRI session to asses the treatment's effects on anhedonia.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-03-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07490353", "keywords": "Depression - Major Depressive Disorder, Anhedonia, Psilocybin (Usona Institute), Psilocybin, Risperidone 1 MG, Risperidone, Risperdal, MRI, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07490353\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 217, "title": "Psilocybin: Chemical Foundations and Emerging Therapeutic Potential", "normalized_title": "psilocybin chemical foundations and emerging therapeutic potential", "authors": "Shivaputra A. Patil, Holly C. Hunsberger", "abstract": "Psilocybin, chemically known as (4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-PODMT), is derived from the psychoactive mushroom genus, Psilocybe. Of the four active metabolites, psilocin readily enters systemic circulation. The psychoactive effects of psilocin are thought to arise through partial agonist effects at the 5-HT2A receptor. Psychedelic drugs, including psilocybin, are having a renaissance, especially in mental health disorders, addiction, and cancer-related depression. The beneficial effects of psilocybin are expanding into brain injury and lifespan due to its ability to enhance neuroplasticity. However, the large-scale synthesis of psilocybin was the main challenge for the scientific community after the FDA's breakthrough therapy designation in 2018 for Treatment- Resistant Depression (TRD) and for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in 2019. Synthesizing psilocybin is challenging due to the complex reactions, a multi-step process that requires strict temperature control, hazardous reagents, and purification difficulties. The very first Hoffman's synthetic method was successfully modified by several medicinal chemistry research groups to obtain it on a kilogram scale to conduct important clinical trials. This mini review comprises a brief history, chemistry, and pharmacology, along with the therapeutic use in depression of this naturally occurring psychedelic.", "journal": "Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry", "publication_date": "2026-03-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.2174/0113895575429775260119043318", "pubmed_id": "41879500", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575429775260119043318", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Psychology, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Medicine, Drug, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Process (computing), Major depressive disorder, Chemistry, Mental health, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Neuroscience, Antidepressant, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Diverse academic research themes, Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7140303704\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7140303704\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5130589039\",\"display_name\":\"Shivaputra A. Patil\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016790931\",\"display_name\":\"Holly C. Hunsberger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-9311\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S162475533\",\"source_display_name\":\"Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575429775260119043318\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Longevity,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7140303704" }, { "id": 129, "title": "Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Consciousness: A Mechanism-Based Review.", "normalized_title": "pharmacotherapy in disorders of consciousness a mechanism based review", "authors": "Gillet A, Geron C, Vitello MM, Lejeune N.", "abstract": "Disorders of consciousness pose major therapeutic challenges owing to the complexity of underlying brain dysfunctions. Current pharmacological interventions explored in disorders of consciousness target distinct molecular systems, including dopaminergic modulators (amantadine, levodopa, apomorphine, bromocriptine, selegiline, methylphenidate, and modafinil), GABAergic agents (zolpidem and baclofen), and other neuromodulatory compounds acting on glutamatergic, opioid, or serotonergic receptors (ketamine, remifentanil, and psilocin). These treatments aim to modulate disrupted neural circuits, including the mesocircuit, a thalamocortical-striatal network critically involved in consciousness and motor control. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying disorders of consciousness and the pharmacological profile of these agents. It summarizes reported clinical improvements and discusses determinants of therapeutic response, highlighting the role of biomarkers derived from neurophysiological and neuroimaging assessments. Safety profiles associated with these treatments are also critically evaluated to guide clinical decision making. By integrating current knowledge on pharmacological modulation of key neural systems, including dopaminergic and GABAergic pathways, this article provides a comprehensive framework for understanding treatment strategies in disorders of consciousness.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-03-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s40263-026-01274-z", "pubmed_id": "41876835", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-026-01274-z", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Consciousness Disorders, Dopamine Agents, GABA Agents", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41876835\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Aging,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 219, "title": "Integrated 5-HT2A -TrkB and G protein signaling in serotonergic psychedelic responses", "normalized_title": "integrated 5 ht2a trkb and g protein signaling in serotonergic psychedelic responses", "authors": "Taddei-Tardón M, Medina-Rodríguez L, Maltman JL, Hudson S, Potukanuma S, Jiménez JH, Martín-Guerrero SM, González-Maeso J, López-Giménez JF.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics have attracted considerable interest as promising therapeutic agents. However, the molecular mechanisms linking their acute hallucinogenic-like effects to longer-lasting neuroplastic responses remain incompletely understood, partly because of the scarcity of native neural models suitable for mechanistic studies. Here, we developed a neural stem cell-derived in vitro model capable of differentiating into neuronal and glial lineages and, after characterization, used it to investigate the molecular pharmacology of serotonergic psychedelics. A panel comprising tryptamines, phenethylamines and ergolines, including psychedelic compounds and selected non-psychedelic analogues, was evaluated alongside ketamine and TrkB agonists. Endpoints included dendritogenesis, synaptogenesis, immediate-early gene induction, BDNF expression and lactate production. TrkB silencing abolished dendritogenic responses to serotonergic psychedelics, ketamine and TrkB agonists, whereas 5-HT2A receptor silencing selectively impaired serotonergic psychedelic-induced plasticity and altered TrkB-dependent responses. Most serotonergic compounds also increased synaptogenesis and induced c-Fos and Egr-2 expression, although ligand-specific differences were evident, particularly for psilocin and the phenethylamines DOI and Ariadne. Uncoupling of G q/11 or G i/o protein-dependent signaling differentially modified neuroplastic and transcriptional responses, indicating a ligand and endpoint dependent contribution of both pathways. Serotonergic psychedelics further induced a 5-HT2A receptor dependent lactate response that was generally sensitive to disruption of either G q/11 or G i/o protein coupling. Taken together, these findings support a model in which serotonergic psychedelics recruit an integrated 5-HT2A -TrkB signaling network with distinct structural, transcriptional and metabolic outputs, and establish this neural stem cell-derived system as a valuable platform for screening and dissecting the signaling basis of psychedelic action.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-03-22", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.03.19.712961", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.19.712961", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1218591\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4062, "title": "When I use a word... The psychedelic mind’s eye", "normalized_title": "when i use a word the psychedelic mind s eye", "authors": "J K Aronson", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs produce effects on the mind that manifest as an apparent expansion of consciousness often accompanied by hallucinations. Psychedelics, which act as agonists at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the brain, include psilocybin, 5-methoxydimethyltryptamine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (tryptamine derivatives), mescaline (a phenethylamine derivative), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, a lysergamide). In his long essay The Doors of Perception Aldous Huxley stated that he had always been a poor visualiser and that words did not evoke pictures in his mind. That was consistent with a diagnosis of aphantasia, the absence of a mind’s eye. His description of his disappointing experience with mescaline was also consistent with this. When the psychiatrist Humphrey Osmond, who in 1953 had supplied Huxley with the mescaline and had supervised his use of it, invented the word “psychedelic” to describe the effects of drugs whose actions mimicked those of certain psychiatric disorders, he wrote to Huxley to tell him about it. The combination of Huxley’s aphantasia and his non-hallucinogenic response to mescaline suggests that those who have aphantasia may not respond as dramatically as others do to the actions of psychedelic drugs. However, there have been a few anecdotal reports that aphantasiacs have developed mental imagery after recreational use of a psychedelic drug. Whether psychedelics should or should not be used in aphantasiacs could be tested in formal studies, under controlled conditions, of the therapeutic actions of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin and mescaline, in people with the disorders for which they may be beneficial.", "journal": "BMJ", "publication_date": "2026-03-19", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1136/bmj.s548", "pubmed_id": "41862175", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s548", "keywords": "Mescaline, Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Consciousness, Cognitive psychology, Ostensive definition, Word (group theory), Lysergic acid, Psychoanalysis, Psychiatry, Cognitive science, Psychotherapist, Fetishism, Medicine, Altered state, Norvaline, Selective attention, Meaning (existential), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Jungian Analytical Psychology, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:36", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7139925630\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7139925630\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1899595943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002518512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2283502508\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243757919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384855430\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405565174\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413177866\",\"https://openalex.org/W7129628102\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110064606\",\"display_name\":\"J K Aronson\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4393917726\",\"source_display_name\":\"BMJ\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s548\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7139925630" }, { "id": 1974, "title": "PSILOCYBIN AS AN ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN ONCOLOGY: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as an adjunctive treatment for depression and psychological distress in oncology current evidence and clinical implications", "authors": "Anna Komarczewska, Michał Kociński, Patryk Iglewski, Michał Pietrasz, Jakub Idziński, Anna Lubomska", "abstract": "Depression and psychological distress are highly prevalent among patients with cancer and are associated with impaired quality of life, reduced treatment adherence, and poorer clinical outcomes. Standard pharmacological and psychosocial interventions often demonstrate limited efficacy or delayed onset of action in oncological and palliative settings. Psilocybin-assisted therapy has recently emerged as a potential adjunctive approach for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer. This narrative review synthesizes current clinical and neurobiological evidence regarding the use of psilocybin as an adjunctive treatment in oncology. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and case reports indicate that psilocybin administered within a structured psychotherapeutic framework may produce rapid and sustained reductions in depressive symptoms and anxiety, including improvements in existential well-being. Mechanistic findings suggest involvement of serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor activation, large-scale brain network modulation, and enhanced neuroplasticity. When applied in controlled clinical settings with appropriate screening and psychological support, psilocybin demonstrates a favorable safety profile. Although current evidence is promising, limitations related to sample size and methodological heterogeneity require cautious interpretation. Further well-designed trials are necessary to determine long-term efficacy and optimal integration into comprehensive cancer and palliative care.", "journal": "International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science", "publication_date": "2026-03-18", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.5034", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.5034", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Distress, Psychosocial, Psychological intervention, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Depression (economics), Adjunctive treatment, Clinical trial, Randomized controlled trial, Psychopathology, Palliative care, Psychology, Serotonergic, Anxiety, Quality of life (healthcare), Cancer, Intervention (counseling), Clinical study design, Hallucinogen, Symptom relief, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164003040\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164003040\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309360340\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362471767\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411787106\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412939048\",\"https://openalex.org/W7118088637\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138214715\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Komarczewska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7378-2607\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117509697\",\"display_name\":\"Michał Kociński\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117509696\",\"display_name\":\"Patryk Iglewski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124479078\",\"display_name\":\"Michał Pietrasz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138262915\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Idziński\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1058-9615\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121444146\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Lubomska\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210206754\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.5034\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Cancer Patients,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7164003040" }, { "id": 4064, "title": "Editorial: Psychedelic substances and neurological diseases: from basics to clinical application", "normalized_title": "editorial psychedelic substances and neurological diseases from basics to clinical application", "authors": "Alessandra Linardi, Ariadiny Lima Caetano, Rodrigo Portes Ureshino", "abstract": "psychiatric disorders, beta-carbolines, trace amine, phosphoproteomics, social hierarchy. Scientific interest in psychedelic substances has re-emerged, offering new perspectives on the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.Historically, psychedelics have been associated with a wide spectrum of positive and negative effects, encompassing ritualistic and spiritual use, recreation and expansion of consciousness (Aicher et al., 2024). Importantly, psychedelics have been shown to induce neuroplasticity and alleviate symptoms associated with various neurological and psychiatric disorders (Lashgari et al., 2025). Clinical trials and basic research have demonstrated promising results in the use of these substances to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and even neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, tauopathies and Parkinson's disease (Davis et al., 2021;Bradley et al. 2025;Cury et al., 2025, Vrechi et al., 2025). This collection aims to provide insights on the fundamental mechanisms of psychedelic action, its historical and contemporary uses, and emerging evidence supporting its effectiveness in clinical settings, with a primary focus on psychoactive substances from the perspective of toxicity and therapeutic potential.Regarding the mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity and its clinical implications, Wang et al. (2025) presented a review of six commonly abused recreational drugsmethamphetamine, cocaine, synthetic cathinones, ketamine, nitrous oxide, and heroin (morphine derivative)-and the neurotoxicity associated with these substances. Although acute morphine withdrawal promotes anxiety-like behavior in mice (Masukawa et al., 2000), Wang et al. highlight that, despite their distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, these substances share convergent neurotoxic mechanism involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. This review is particularly relevant because it discusses the relationship between dissociative effects and neuroplasticity in the context of oxidative stress at the cellular level. Similarly, psychedelics such as ketamine and ethanol promote oxidative stress and induce apoptosis in neuronal cell models (Castelhano et al., 2025).Therefore, this review addresses the limitations of current pharmacotherapy, and highlights the need for new therapeutic approaches in cases of intoxication and abuse, including potential targets involved in neuroinflammation and antioxidant agents.Expanding the discussion beyond molecular toxicity, Xu et al. ( 2025) introduce a critical social dimension to drug reinforcement and vulnerability to addiction. Their original research demonstrates that social hierarchy modulates methamphetamine reinforcement in rats and is associated with distinct phosphoproteomic signatures in the nucleus accumbens. The authors reported higher levels of Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) phosphorylation in dominant rats, a protein previously described as playing critical roles in drug addiction. Notably, after behavioral training that altered the animals' social hierarchy between dominant and subordinate rats, the differences in HDAC4 phosphorylation levels were abolished; similarly, methamphetamine reinforcement was reversed. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the critical role of protein phosphorylation in regulating social hierarchy and its impact on drug reinforcement, offering a new pharmacological perspective on the social context of addiction.Focusing on the neuromodulation of anxiety and depression, the mini-review by Li et al. (2025) discusses the emerging role of trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), particularly TAAR1, as potential therapeutic targets. Preclinical evidence that TAAR1 agonists exert antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in animal models, whereas TAAR5 antagonism reduces anxiety-related behaviors. Previously considered minor neurochemical components due to their low cerebral concentrations, trace amines are now increasingly recognized as key modulators of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission and stress-related responses. Thus, by contextualizing the role of TAARs in stress-related psychiatric disorders and depression, this mini-review substantially expands the pharmacological landscape of psychedelic science and suggests alternative or complementary targets for future therapeutic strategies. Moreover, pathways linked to neuroplasticity may also contribute to neurotoxicity depending on dose and context, underscoring the need for careful interpretation. Progress in this field will require rigorous controlled trials, standardized protocols, long-term follow-up, and mechanistic studies capable of distinguishing true therapeutic effects from nonspecific or expectancy-driven responses. Therefore, the collection \"Psychedelic Substances and Neurological Diseases: From Basics to Clinical Application\" offers a multidisciplinary perspective on how psychoactive substances can modulate neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety, as well as induce experiences that can promote complete physical, mental, and social well-being.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-03-15", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1816812", "pubmed_id": "41919223", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1816812", "keywords": "Neurotoxicity, Medicine, Mechanism (biology), Recreational use, Psychiatry, Disease, Heroin, Clinical trial, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Psychopharmacology, Psychology, Addiction, Persistent vegetative state, Consciousness, Pharmacology, Depression (economics), Neurology, Perspective (graphical), Psilocybin, Abstinence, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:36", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7136503554\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7136503554\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3024219750\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403141830\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409286565\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410977433\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411122714\",\"https://openalex.org/W4415668732\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037165567\",\"display_name\":\"Alessandra Linardi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-7448\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028665525\",\"display_name\":\"Ariadiny Lima Caetano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-6485\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036125335\",\"display_name\":\"Rodrigo Portes Ureshino\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-3376\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1816812\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mitochondrial Function,Oxidative Stress,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity,Proteomics,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7136503554" }, { "id": 3604, "title": "Pilot Study of Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT2A) Agonist Psilocybin for Depression in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early Alzheimer's Disease", "normalized_title": "pilot study of serotonin 2a receptor 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin for depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early alzheimer s disease", "authors": "Johns Hopkins University", "abstract": "This open-label pilot study examines whether the hallucinogenic drug, psilocybin, given under supportive conditions, is safe and effective for depression in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or early Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study will also assess whether psilocybin may improve quality of life in those individuals. This is a pilot study evaluating the potential efficacy of psilocybin to produce improvement in depression compared to pre-treatment in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and clinically significant symptoms of depression. The study will be an open-label trial in a sample of up to 20 treatment-seeking participants with a diagnosis of MCI or early AD. Participants will complete an 8-week course of study treatment including two psilocybin sessions (15 mg/70 kg in week 4 and 15 or 25 mg/70 kg in week 6), with follow-up assessments up to 6 months after the final psilocybin session. The study will assess changes in depressed mood at 1 week after the second psilocybin session compared to pre-treatment, and quality of life in participants from pre- to post-treatment.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-03-15", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04123314", "keywords": "Depressive Symptoms, Depression, Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04123314\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"EARLY_PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1976, "title": "Explainable AI framework for psilocybin depression treatment optimization", "normalized_title": "explainable ai framework for psilocybin depression treatment optimization", "authors": "Akey Sungheetha, R. Rajesh Sharma, Oluwasegun Julius Aroba, Sheila Mahapatra, P. D. Mahendhiran", "abstract": "Introduction This computational modeling study introduces a novel Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) framework for optimizing single-dose psilocybin treatment protocols through personalized intervention modeling using publicly available mental health datasets. All results presented are derived from novel simulated data and predictive modeling only, not from real-time clinical implementations or actual patient treatments. Methods The mathematical optimization model integrates digital twin technologies, multimodal depression detection systems, and Bayesian optimization algorithms to create comprehensive computational patient profiles with temporal resolution processing capabilities at 250 Hz sampling frequency. Validation employed three publicly available datasets: (1) the Psilocybin Precision Functional Mapping dataset from OpenNeuro containing neuroimaging data from 7 participants, (2) the MODMA multimodal mental disorder dataset with 53 participants including electroencephalography and audio signals, and (3) a meta-analytic psilocybin therapy outcomes dataset containing aggregated results from 10 clinical trials. The framework incorporates pharmacokinetic modeling with an absorption rate constant of 0.45 per hour and an elimination rate constant of 0.23 per hour, receptor occupancy dynamics based on a dissociation constant of 6.3 nanomolar, and simulated real-time monitoring protocols processing physiological parameters including heart rate variability, blood pressure measurements, and cortisol levels at a 1 Hz frequency. Results The simulated computational model demonstrates significant improvements in prediction accuracy, reaching 94.7%, and therapeutic transparency, achieving 89.3% explainability scores. Simulated validation demonstrates computational precision of 92.8% in predicting treatment response patterns across diverse patient populations in silico. The proposed computational methodology addresses key challenges in psychedelic-assisted therapy modeling through interpretable artificial intelligence models, achieving 96.2% computational safety index scores and 91.5% algorithmic compliance metrics in simulation environments. Energy-efficient computational architecture achieves 73.4% carbon footprint reduction through optimized algorithm design and sparse matrix representations. Discussion This study presents a theoretical computational framework for modeling therapeutic outcomes through simulation and prediction, establishing a foundation for future clinical validation through prospective randomized controlled trials. The framework supports sustainable digital mental healthcare delivery systems compatible with renewable energy infrastructure. All findings represent computational predictions and simulated scenarios requiring extensive clinical validation before any practical application.", "journal": "Frontiers in Computer Science", "publication_date": "2026-03-15", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.3389/fcomp.2025.1652190", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1652190", "keywords": "Computer science, Psilocybin, Artificial intelligence, Computational model, Machine learning, Major depressive disorder, Neuroimaging, Key (lock), Data mining, Data modeling, Computational complexity theory, Modular design, Pattern recognition (psychology), Global optimization, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7136253679\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7136253679\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W166169566\",\"https://openalex.org/W1566641586\",\"https://openalex.org/W1631913055\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977733462\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981552604\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984398689\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991473840\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994682257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000359198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007213925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013270989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017766892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061144551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067978628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073241381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075286650\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078483536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087381130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100697007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105934661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109935313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112081648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115098571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118502261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119910794\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122646361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128495200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131241448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132322340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146048262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151554678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154286581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157825442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165010366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170892587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2239141610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2282821441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2302501749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318802957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328176404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2487898712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2498119267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2525984666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770877241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787427645\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787894218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788029111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789894922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789970635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801752756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895763047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899768131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899876413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902802452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903777941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905810301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908201961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910707576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927351257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2934399013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945976633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951103577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951617899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951665052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953073956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953532875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962862931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963809228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977883299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981869278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985355520\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000603264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000716014\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012875567\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023658191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106889297\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116201721\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138819813\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209901185\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211271338\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214897310\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205210034\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233026002\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236876623\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241727697\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287204036\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287643567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288090629\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289761856\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308245305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385245566\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403918657\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129572525\",\"display_name\":\"Akey Sungheetha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129471237\",\"display_name\":\"R. Rajesh Sharma\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061417005\",\"display_name\":\"Oluwasegun Julius Aroba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-7255\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045493683\",\"display_name\":\"Sheila Mahapatra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-0772\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129426571\",\"display_name\":\"P. D. Mahendhiran\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210211086\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Computer Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1652190\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7136253679" }, { "id": 231, "title": "The renaissance of research on psychedelics in child and adolescent psychopharmacology", "normalized_title": "the renaissance of research on psychedelics in child and adolescent psychopharmacology", "authors": "Marc-Antoine Crocq, Philippe Auby", "abstract": "AIMS: The recent regulatory approval of esketamine in adults heralded the renaissance of research into psychedelic compounds. However, the relevance of this resurgence for children and adolescents remains unclear. This review examines the rationale for investigating psychedelics in pediatric psychopharmacology. METHODS: We reviewed recent literature, regulatory documents, and clinical trial registries addressing the psychiatric use of classic serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin, LSD), the entactogen MDMA, and dissociative compounds such as ketamine and esketamine in adolescent and young populations. Although ketamine is not a classic serotonergic psychedelic, it represents a paradigm for innovative pharmacological approaches. RESULTS: Ongoing and planned trials primarily involve adolescents aged 16 years and older. Interest in these compounds is driven by significant unmet needs in child and adolescent psychiatry, where few medications are approved, and unsatisfactory therapeutic response is common. Potential targets include anorexia nervosa, core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, resistant depression, and severe PTSD. The fact that psychedelics may have long-lasting effects after only a few sessions raises the question of their effects on neuroplasticity. CONCLUSIONS: Although psychedelic research has entered a new phase in adult psychiatry, translation to pediatric populations requires caution due to developmental vulnerabilities and limited long-term safety data. Rigorous clinical trials, ethical safeguards, and regulatory oversight are essential before broader application in children and adolescents can be considered.", "journal": "Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health", "publication_date": "2026-03-12", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1186/s13034-026-01069-6", "pubmed_id": "41826990", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-026-01069-6", "keywords": "Psychopharmacology, Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry, Psilocybin, Autism, Serotonergic, Clinical trial, The Renaissance, Psychotherapist, Forensic psychiatry, Medicine, MEDLINE, Clinical psychology, Suicidal ideation, Autism spectrum disorder, Relevance (law), Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135184973\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135184973\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2120731293\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892030583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926665170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944337860\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221078879\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281687410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312861627\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388407376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389425955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396744370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399525469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400572892\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404836981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408176333\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409174511\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411932553\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412654383\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413938545\",\"https://openalex.org/W7128069308\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129099116\",\"display_name\":\"Marc-Antoine Crocq\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044790441\",\"display_name\":\"Philippe Auby\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S133884896\",\"source_display_name\":\"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-026-01069-6\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,OCD,Eating Disorders,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Adolescents,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135184973" }, { "id": 134, "title": "A randomized clinical trial of repeated doses of psilocybin for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder", "normalized_title": "a randomized clinical trial of repeated doses of psilocybin for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Francisco A. Moreno, Katja Ehrmann Allen, Christopher B. Wiegand, Rajan Dunne, James I. Prickett, Brian Bayze, John J. B. Allen", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Current treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are often insufficient. Psilocybin, a 5HT2a agonist psychedelic, has shown promise for treating OCD, but rigorous evidence is still needed. AIMS: This randomized clinical trial evaluated safety, tolerability, and benefit of multiple psilocybin doses in OCD patients. METHODS: = 5 per condition), followed by four additional high-dose sessions (single-blind Phase 2). OCD severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) following each session, and prospectively for 6 months. Safety was evaluated via adverse event systematic assessment, suicide severity rating, and psychosis screening. RESULTS: Psilocybin was generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events, or psychotic symptoms, and no significant changes in suicide severity scores. Psilocybin but not placebo significantly reduced YBOCS scores. At the end of 8-week treatment, after participants had received at least four high doses of psilocybin, 73.3% were responders (⩾35% reduction in YBOCS scores), with 40% in remission. These effects diminished but remained substantial at 6 months. Post hoc analysis of cumulative dosing correlated with YBOCS score reductions at the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of up to eight doses of psilocybin in a clinical research setting appears to be safe and potentially effective for patients with OCD. Larger trials are needed to further support efficacy and refine treatment protocols. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03300947.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-03-12", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1177/02698811261424214", "pubmed_id": "41825921", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261424214", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Randomized controlled trial, Adverse effect, Placebo, Medicine, Psychosis, Clinical trial, Reuptake inhibitor, Fluoxetine, Dosing, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Severity of illness, Internal medicine, Rating scale, Anxiety disorder, Obsessive compulsive, Agonist, Post-hoc analysis, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Crossover study, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135170485\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135170485\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006001020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087854982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108696783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138204170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148083007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306891185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792086414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902990194\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3172784626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214305299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385954214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391286658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393359395\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394566107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411969620\",\"https://openalex.org/W7113899315\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Francisco A. Moreno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0700-6508\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104303567\",\"display_name\":\"Katja Ehrmann Allen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005073454\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher B. Wiegand\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109080350\",\"display_name\":\"Rajan Dunne\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023032729\",\"display_name\":\"James I. Prickett\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129046947\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Bayze\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"John J. B. Allen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3417-6720\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811261424214\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,OCD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135170485" }, { "id": 82, "title": "Psychedelics for treatment of negative symptoms and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A narrative review", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for treatment of negative symptoms and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorder a narrative review", "authors": "Michel Sabé, Paul Grof, Nathan Sackett, Sara Tai, Pamela Kryskow, Anya K. Bershad, Douglas Turkington, Matteo Buonarroti, Marco De Pieri, Pantelis Baniotopoulos, Mickael Eskinazi, Kerem Böge, Stefan Leucht, Federico Seragnoli, Leonice Furtado, Tatiana Aboulafia Brakha, Logos Curtis, Matthias Kirschner, Stefan Kaiser, Louise Penzenstadler, Daniele Zullino, Mikkel Højlund, Jade Gallo, Marco Solmi, Jacopo Sapienza, Marta Bosia, Joseph La Torre", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics are re-emerging as therapeutic candidates across psychiatry, particularly for treatment-resistant depression. Their rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, alongside evidence for neuroplastic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic modulation, have prompted interest in whether they could address depressive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This narrative review summarizes mechanistic, preclinical, and early clinical findings relevant to psychedelic use in SSDs. Schizophrenia and major depressive disorder share disturbances in dopamine, glutamate, and neuroplasticity, and both involve large-scale network abnormalities. Schizophrenia is associated with widespread dysconnectivity, mesocortical hypodopaminergia, and striatal hyperdopaminergia linked to NMDA receptor hypofunction. Depression is characterized by fronto-limbic and default mode network hyperconnectivity, mesolimbic hypodopaminergia, and reduced cortical glutamatergic tone. Depressive symptoms within SSDs may reflect an intermediate phenotype combining depressive-like hyperconnectivity with schizophrenia-related global dysconnectivity, suggesting that psychedelics' capacity to transiently increase network flexibility and recalibrate maladaptive connectivity may be clinically relevant. Preclinical studies show increased dendritic spine density, enhanced BDNF expression, restored reward sensitivity, and modulation of network dynamics after psychedelic administration. Clinically, uncontrolled exposure appears associated with increased psychosis-related presentations, whereas limited case reports suggest controlled administration may be tolerated in carefully selected, clinically stable individuals with SSDs. To date, only one early-phase trial (MDMA in schizophrenia) is ongoing, and no randomized trials have evaluated psilocybin or LSD in SSDs. Overall, psychedelics are biologically and mechanistically plausible but remain unproven for depressive and negative symptoms in SSDs, which partially overlap. Carefully designed, safety-focused early-phase studies in clinically stable patients are therefore a prerequisite for broader clinical application.", "journal": "Schizophrenia Research", "publication_date": "2026-03-12", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.schres.2026.03.003", "pubmed_id": "41830808", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.03.003", "keywords": "Schizophrenia spectrum, Narrative review, Depressive symptoms, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Narrative, Medicine, Psychology, Depression (economics), Psychotherapist, Psychosis, MEDLINE, Spectrum (functional analysis), Negative symptom, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Sabé\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-5596\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008700238\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Grof\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-1300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072231710\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan Sackett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-0494\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003939496\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Tai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5796\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063782496\",\"display_name\":\"Pamela Kryskow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0310-0368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080365267\",\"display_name\":\"Anya K. Bershad\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-3730\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129022961\",\"display_name\":\"Douglas Turkington\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119638384\",\"display_name\":\"Matteo Buonarroti\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024963331\",\"display_name\":\"Marco De Pieri\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049396519\",\"display_name\":\"Pantelis Baniotopoulos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-9937\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120573173\",\"display_name\":\"Mickael Eskinazi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078508373\",\"display_name\":\"Kerem Böge\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-4936\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002251483\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Leucht\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-4352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076109553\",\"display_name\":\"Federico Seragnoli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-770X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091929996\",\"display_name\":\"Leonice Furtado\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128968315\",\"display_name\":\"Tatiana Aboulafia Brakha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053229387\",\"display_name\":\"Logos Curtis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-9425\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128981582\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias Kirschner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128989849\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Kaiser\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054543118\",\"display_name\":\"Louise Penzenstadler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-0243\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024403583\",\"display_name\":\"Daniele Zullino\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-8965\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029994194\",\"display_name\":\"Mikkel Højlund\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-5203\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056063233\",\"display_name\":\"Jade Gallo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128996137\",\"display_name\":\"Marco Solmi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062447704\",\"display_name\":\"Jacopo Sapienza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5067-2436\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128972805\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Bosia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5129083857\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph La Torre\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S144105592\",\"source_display_name\":\"Schizophrenia Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.03.003\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Review Article,Case Report,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135185290" }, { "id": 3473, "title": "Safety, Feasibility, and Tolerability of Psilocybin Treatment for Individuals With Functional Impairment Related to Mood, Anxiety, Trauma and/or Addiction Symptoms: An Open-label Proof-of-concept Study", "normalized_title": "safety feasibility and tolerability of psilocybin treatment for individuals with functional impairment related to mood anxiety trauma and or addiction symptoms an open label proof of concept study", "authors": "Yale University", "abstract": "The primary objective of this study is to investigate the safety, feasibility, and tolerability of psilocybin treatment in individuals with functional impairment due to psychiatric symptoms. The secondary objective of this study is to determine whether individuals with functional impairments due to psychiatric symptoms will experience statistically significant symptom reduction and functional improvement from baseline symptom measurements (Visit 3) to 1-week (Visit 7), 4-weeks (Visit 8), and 6-weeks (Visit 9) post dosing. The investigators will recruit individuals with mood, anxiety, trauma, addictive, or related symptomatology, and who have functional impairment associated with these symptoms. A DSM-5 diagnosis is not required (nor is it an exclusion). The investigators will allow for comorbidity and only exclude based on psychological and physiological safety considerations. Critically, this approach will allow us to assess the tolerability of our interventions in individuals who would typically be excluded from efficacy studies due to various comorbid DSM-5 conditions. The investigators will employ an open-label study where participants will be given one dose of oral psilocybin 25mg. The investigators will also have follow-up visits at 1, 4, and 6 weeks and an optional long-term follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. In this Phase 1b proof-of-concept clinical trial, the investigators aim to investigate the safety, feasibility, and tolerability of treatment of oral psilocybin in participants with functional impairment due to depressive, anxiety, trauma addictive, or other psychiatric symptomatology, allowing for comorbidity and diagnostic complexity to mirror potential real-world clinical scenarios. Secondarily, The investigators will assess improvement in functional status and symptomatology. The investigators will employ an open-label study design, with participants receiving one dose of oral psilocybin. This is an open-label clinical trial with a single treatment arm and no blinding. All participants will receive 25 mg of oral psilocybin. All dosing will be accompanied by non-directive support before, during, and after treatment sessions.The rationale for conducting this study lies in recognizing that the narrow inclusion and exclusion criteria commonly employed in clinical trials may raise issues of external validity. While previous research has predominantly focused on specific diagnostic categories, our study aims to address these limitations by exploring the safety, feasibility, and tolerability of psilocybin in a heterogeneous population. This study also recognizes the importance of symptom-related functional impairment as a cross-cutting construct relevant to all diagnostic categories.This is a Phase 1b open-label clinical trial to determine the feasibility, tolerability and safety of psilocybin to reduce psychiatric symptoms in participants experiencing functional impairment. Participants will receive one dose of oral psilocybin (25mg). Follow-up visits for assessments and measures at 1-week, 4-week, and 6-week post psilocybin dosing. Long-term follow-up visits assessments and measures for participants who consent to long-term follow-up (reassessments of study measures) for 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month post dosing. Psilocybin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) occurs in nature in many species of mushrooms, including the genera Psilocybe, Conocybe, Gymnopilus, Panaeolus, and Strophparia. Its chemical formula is C12H17N2O4P. Psilocybin is a potent agonist at 5-HT2A/C receptors; potency of binding by related compounds to these receptors correlates with human potency as hallucinogens. Psilocybin is currently a Schedule I substance. Psilocybin will be orally administered in this study. Psilocybin will be administered in an opaque, size 2 gelatin capsule with approximately 180 ml of water to be orally ingested at Visit 5. The dose of psilocybin will be 25 mg. Descriptives for all safety measures (e.g., C-SSRS total and subscale scores, vitals, documented adverse events) will be compiled at all assessment intervals. Classification of adverse events will follow institute and regulatory body guidelines. Subsequent summary descriptives may focus on safety indices surrounding the dosing session and 1-week, 4 weeks, and 6-weeks after dosing. In addition, The investigators will perform descriptives and non-parametric analysis screen failure rates (including analysis of ineligibility), drop out rates pre and post dosing to determine feasibility and tolerability.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-03-10", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06442423", "keywords": "Transdiagnostic, Depression - Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety, PTSD Symptoms, PTSD, Substance Use, Substance Use Disorder (SUD), OCD, Psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06442423\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 233, "title": "Strategic Neurodelivery of Psychedelic Compounds: Bridging MolecularPharmacology with Therapeutic Innovation in CNS Disorders", "normalized_title": "strategic neurodelivery of psychedelic compounds bridging molecularpharmacology with therapeutic innovation in cns disorders", "authors": "Shikha Baghel Chauhan, Naziya Akhtar, chirag Jain, Indu Singh", "abstract": "Psychedelic compounds such as psilocybin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), N,Ndimethyltryptamine (DMT), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are emerging as novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and addiction. Acting primarily through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonism, they activate intracellular cascades involving Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to enhanced neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis. Recent evidence demonstrates direct TrkB binding and sustained cortical remodeling, underlying their rapid and durable antidepressant effects. Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)-including liposomes, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) carriers-are being engineered to achieve controlled, braintargeted, and stimuli-responsive release while minimizing systemic toxicity. Integration with microfluidic fabrication, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based dosing, and non-invasive routes such as intranasal and transdermal delivery improves precision and patient adherence. By merging neuropharmacology with materials science, these innovations are redefining psychedelic-assisted therapy through enhanced safety, personalized dosing, and translational potential for central nervous system disorders.", "journal": "CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets", "publication_date": "2026-03-10", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.2174/0118715273434237251212095005", "pubmed_id": "41833044", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273434237251212095005", "keywords": "Neuropharmacology, Neuroscience, Transdermal, Pharmacology, Medicine, Neuropsychopharmacology, Antidepressant, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, Neurotrophic factors, Trk receptor, Drug delivery, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Receptor, Nervous system, Drug, Central nervous system, Neuroplasticity, Neurotrophin, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Bench to bedside, Kinase, Drug discovery, Internalization, Intracellular, Bioinformatics, Enkephalin, Molecular Pharmacology, Delivery system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135100807\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7135100807\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Shikha Baghel Chauhan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-213X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128814933\",\"display_name\":\"Naziya Akhtar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128884265\",\"display_name\":\"chirag Jain\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128850137\",\"display_name\":\"Indu Singh\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S148418319\",\"source_display_name\":\"CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715273434237251212095005\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135100807" }, { "id": 3028, "title": "Enhancing cGMP signaling with psilocybin reduces head twitch and restructures the synaptic proteome while maintaining antidepressant response", "normalized_title": "enhancing cgmp signaling with psilocybin reduces head twitch and restructures the synaptic proteome while maintaining antidepressant response", "authors": "Floris G, Jefferson SJ, Rondeau J, Yu AL, Menniti FS, Kwan AC, De Aquino JP, Krystal JH, Pittenger C, Kaye AP.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has antidepressant effects, but its 5-HT2 AR-mediated perceptual effects limit tolerability. We combined psilocybin with a phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor (PDE9i) and observed suppression of head-twitch response, but maintenance of antidepressant-like behavior. Proteomics showed that PDE9i-psilocybin reduced 5-HT2 AR-mediated pathways while enhancing synaptogenesis. These results suggest that PDE9i-psilocybin represents a promising therapeutic strategy.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-03-09", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.03.06.710108", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.06.710108", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1214698\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Proteomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 237, "title": "The combination of exercise and psychedelics for the treatment of major depressive disorder.", "normalized_title": "the combination of exercise and psychedelics for the treatment of major depressive disorder", "authors": "Fabiano N, Stubbs B, Lawrence DW, Rosenblat JD, Teixeira PJ, Wong S, Zhou C, Carhart-Harris R", "abstract": "Upwards of 50% of people do not respond to the primary treatment modalities for major depressive disorder (MDD), which has led to increased attention and use of alternative methods, including exercise and psychedelics. While interventions using either exercise or psychedelics have demonstrated largely positive results in isolation, their synergistic potential has yet to be explored. As such, this commentary provides an overview of exercise/psychedelics as a treatment for depression and their potential synergy and/or complementarity. From a biological perspective, psychedelics acutely enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling, while exercise provides sustained BDNF elevation; psychedelics enhance neuroplasticity largely in the cortex (with only modest effects in the hippocampus), while exercise boosts hippocampal neurogenesis; psychedelics increase glutamate release via stimulation of 5-HT receptors on pyramidal neurons, while exercise enhances glutamatergic transmission via the endocannabinoid system and reduction of systemic inflammation; both boost serotonin release; and psychedelics temporarily disrupt functional connectivity between the hippocampus and default mode network (DMN), while exercise normalizes this connectivity, which may sustain post-psychedelic gains. Through the lens of psychological and behaviour change, psychedelics appear to facilitate the adoption or maintenance of physical activity habits, increase psychological flexibility, and since exercise is associated with emotional resilience to acute stress, this may allow users to experience deeper immersion and exploration during their psychedelic experience, improving antidepressant outcomes. In summary, exercise and psychedelics have numerous potential complementary mechanisms, therefore, future research is warranted to explore the efficacy, tolerability, safety, and neurobiology of this combination.", "journal": "Discover mental health", "publication_date": "2026-03-06", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s44192-026-00408-5", "pubmed_id": "41793582", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793582/", "keywords": "Exercise, Depression, Major depressive disorder, Physical activity, Psilocybin, Psychedelic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:34", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"41793582\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Psychological Flexibility,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3626, "title": "The Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Anorexia Nervosa in Young Adults", "normalized_title": "the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in anorexia nervosa in young adults", "authors": "Region Skane", "abstract": "The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if psilocybin, given with psychological support, is safe and helps treat anorexia nervosa in young adults. Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that currently has no approved medicine. Psilocybin is a psychedelic substance that may help the brain form new connections, which could make it easier for people with anorexia nervosa to develop healthier ways of thinking. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Is psilocybin with psychological support safe and well-tolerated? * Does psilocybin with psychological support help lower symptoms of anorexia nervosa? * How might psilocybin work in the brain to support recovery from anorexia? This study will compare psilocybin with psychological support to Treatment as Usual (TAU). Participants in the study will be randomly placed into one of the two groups. There will be 40 patients with anorexia nervosa included, 20 per group. TAU includes the standard care people receive for anorexia nervosa in a specialized eating disorder clinic in Region Skåne, Sweden. Participants will: * Be between 16 and 35 years old and have anorexia nervosa * Take psilocybin (25 mg) by mouth two times, four weeks apart * Receive psychological support before, during, and after each dosing session (including preparation and integration sessions) * Complete questionnaires, have brain scans (magnetic resonance imaging) and blood tests to learn more about how psilocybin may work * Share their personal experiences as part of a qualitative interview This study hopes to learn if psilocybin, when given with the right support, can be a helpful and safe option for people living with anorexia nervosa. Background and Rationale Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is one of the most lethal psychiatric disorders, with mortality rates approximately five times higher than that of the general population. AN affects multiple organ systems due to severe weight loss and malnutrition and hence leads to a substantial decline in health-related quality of life. While psychotherapies have shown partial efficacy, data suggest that only 46% of patients recover within four years, and 20% remain chronically ill. Relapse rates exceed 50% among those who recover, underscoring the need for more effective treatments. Research suggests that several psychological factors, such as challenges in regulating emotions, black-and-white thinking, mental rigidity, and a limited capacity for mentalization may contribute to the persistence of severe, chronic anorexia nervosa. The age of onset for AN typically shows a bimodal distribution, peaking at 14 and 18 years of age, motivating the design of including patients as young as 16 years old in this study. Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic compound, primarily acts as an agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, inducing profound effects on cognition, emotion, perception, and self-awareness. Although research on psilocybin remains limited, clinical trials across psychiatric disorders suggest its potential therapeutic benefit. For example personality changes such as increased openness, have been observed to persist up to a year following a single high dose. The inclusion of 16-17-year-olds in this study is particularly novel, as research on psychedelic therapy in adolescents and young adults remains scarce. Emerging evidence highlights how psychedelics may benefit AN patients, such as enhanced serotonin signaling and cognitive flexibility. The ability of psychedelics to foster cognitive flexibility, a well-documented phenomenon, is considered a key factor in therapeutic processes. This is especially relevant for AN, where rigid thinking and behavior contribute to treatment resistance. One pilot study demonstrated that a 25 mg psilocybin dose, combined with psychological support, was well-tolerated by female AN patients with a body mass index (BMI) \\>16. The study reported significant reductions in eating disorder symptoms at one month post-treatment, with only mild and transient adverse events. Recent studies indicate that psilocybin induces significant changes in brain function and network organization across key regions. Notably, psilocybin disrupts connectivity in the default mode network by causing desynchronization across spatial scales. These findings suggest a neurobiological basis for psilocybin´s therapeutic effect. However, further research is needed to elucidate long-term effects, particularly in clinical context. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has demonstrated utility in detecting neuronal abnormalities in AN. This study's use of fMRI before and after psilocybin treatment will provide critical insights into the neurobiological impacts of psilocybin on AN. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity. Preclinical studies show that psilocybin promotes neuritogenesis and synaptic plasticity, potentially via increased cortical BDNF expression. Given that individuals with AN exhibit reduced serum BDNF levels, this study will assess changes in BDNF pre- and post-treatment to elucidate psilocybin's impact on neurobiological mechanisms. These insights may advance treatment optimization and efficacy predictions for AN patients. Study Objectives Primary Objective is to assess the safety and tolerability of psilocybin 25 mg in young adults (16-35 years old) with anorexia nervosa. Secondary objectives include evaluating the efficacy of psilocybin with psychological support in reducing AN symptom compared to treatment as usual (TAU), investigate potential mechanisms of action through self-report questionnaires, neuroimaging and BDNF analysis, and conduct qualitative analysis of subjective experiences. Neuroimaging will investigate changes in brain resting state connectivity (measured by fMRI), and commonly used task-based fMRI paradigms. The task-based paradigms will involve food-related conditions, commonly used in the population (Celeghin et al., 2023; Bronleigh et al., 2022) as well as established paradigms involved in processing reward anticipation (Knutson et al., 2000; Ventorp et al 2022) Trial Design and Procedures This is a phase II, open-label, randomized controlled trial with two arms: 1. Active treatment arm; Two dosing sessions with psilocybin 25mg with psychological support alongside TAU. 2. Active comparator control arm; TAU only. The study will include 40 participants, 20 in each group. If the active treatment arm is determined to be safe, tolerable, and preliminarily effective during the follow-up assessment, participants in the control group will have the option to switch to the active treatment while maintaining their usual specialized care. The switch to psilocybin treatment will follow the same preparation, dosing, and integration protocols as outlined for the intervention group. This design minimizes ethical concerns regarding withholding a potentially effective treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to either the intervention or control group. Block randomization stratified by age group (16-18 and 19-35 years) will ensure balanced representation. Given the small sample size of 40 participants (20 per group), the statistical power to detect between-group differences is inherently limited, irrespective of blinding. As such, the trial is appropriately designed as a pilot study, with a primary focus on assessing safety, feasibility, and tolerability. To enhance interpretation, qualitative and neurobiological measures are also included. A formal power calculation was not conducted, in line with the exploratory nature of the study. The sample size was determined based on practical feasibility and aligns with current recommendations for early-phase trials of novel interventions. A post-hoc power analysis will be conducted to evaluate whether the sample size was sufficient to detect clinically meaningful changes in the primary outcomes. Details on location and Data Collection Methods All procedures will be conducted at the University Hospital for Psychiatry, Baravägen 1, Lund, except the fMRI assessments which are performed at the The National 7 Tesla (7T) Facility in Lund. All assessments will be carried out by qualified personnel appointed by the principal investigator, including medical doctors, nurses, and psychologists. The National 7T Facility will appoint qualified personnel for fMRI assessment. The duration of the entire trial is from the first screening of the first patient to the last follow up of the last patient. For each patient participant, the duration of the trial is from the screening to the last follow up at week 52 (12 month). Patient rehospitalization and additional interventions data are collected in patient journal registers. Pre-Study Activity Following ethical approval, a focus group will be conducted with patients with anorexia nervosa in two different groups, one aged 16-18 and one 19-35 years. The purpose is to provide study information, gather feedback on the clarity and ethical aspects of the protocol, and identify ways to improve potential benefit. Input from this focus group will inform study quality, recruitment materials, communication strategies and ethical aspects of psilocybin research experienced by the population. Any amendments based on this will be processed according to CTIS protocol. Screening Phase Screening includes psychiatric and medical history, inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment, safety blood tests (glucose, liver, kidney), electrocardiogram (ECG), informed consent (with a 2-week consideration period), pregnancy test and urine toxicology (U-tox). The time from screening to the first psilocybin dose must not exceed 8 weeks, regardless of washout status. Potential participants will be screened by a psychiatric clinician appointed by the principal investigator to ensure eligibility and understanding of the study requirements. Preparation Phase Preparation Session 1 \\& Baseline Assessment (Week -1): Psychoeducation about psilocybin, breathing and relaxation techniques, rapport-building with therapists, and discussion of expectations and concerns. Includes full baseline assessments (list provided as attachment to protocol: * Expectation of Treatment Scale (ETS-BF) * Readiness and Motivation Questionnaire (RMQ) * General Change Mechanisms Questionnaire (GCMQ) * Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) * Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) * Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q ) * Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) * Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Extended (BPRS+) * Life Satisfaction Scale (LS) * Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) * Harmony in Life Scale (HILS) * Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) * Honesty-Humility Scale (HH) Vital signs, ECG, fasting glucose, urine drug screening, fMRI, BMI, metric assessment of body size perception and blood sampling for BDNF and safety labs are also conducted. Preparation Session 2 (Week 0): 7-10 days after Preparation 1, and 2-3 days before psilocybin dosing. Dosing and Integration Phase Dosing Session 1 (Week 0): Psilocybin 25 mg under therapeutic support with ECG and blood pressure/pulse monitoring. Integration Session 1 (Day after Dosing 1): Reflection, fMRI, blood sampling (including glucose, liver, kidney, BDNF), and reassessments with RMQ, GCMQ, PHQ-9, GAD-7, C-SSRS, BPRS+, LS, PANAS, HILS, TIPI, ECG and blood pressure/pulse. Psychedelic Experience related scales; Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC), Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-4), Meaningful Life Experience Rating (MLE). Integration Session 2 (Week 1): Continued psychological integration support. Integration Session 3 (Week 2-3): Summary of first dosing experience and preparation for second dosing. Dosing Session 2 (Week 4): Second psilocybin 25 mg administration under identical conditions as first dosing session. Integration Session 4 (Day after Dosing 2): Reflection, blood sampling (including glucose, liver, kidney, BDNF), and reassessments with RMQ, GCMQ, PHQ-9, GAD-7, C-SSRS, BPRS+, LS, PANAS, HILS, TIPI, ECG and blood pressure/pulse. Psychedelic Experience related scales; Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC), Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-4), Meaningful Life Experience Rating (MLE). Integration Session 5 (Week 5-6): Final integration session and preparation for long-term follow-up. Primary Endpoint (Week 8) Includes full safety and outcome evaluations: * fMRI * blood sampling (including glucose, liver, kidney, glucose, BDNF) * Vital signs, ECG, U-tox * BMI * Metric assessment of body size perception * Adverse Event/Serious Adverse Event (AE/SAE) monitoring * Readiness and Motivation Questionnaire (RMQ) * General Change Mechanisms Questionnaire (GCMQ) * Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) * Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) * Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q ) * Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) * Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Extended (BPRS+) * Life Satisfaction Scale (LS) * Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) * Harmony in Life Scale (HILS) * Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) * Honesty-Humility Scale (HH) Intensive Follow-Up Phase (Week 8-24) Follow-up visits at Week 12, 16, and 20 include: * Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q ) * Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) * Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Extended (BPRS+) * AE/SAE monitoring * BMI, blood pressure, ECG * Fasting glucose, U-tox 6-Month Follow-Up (Week 24) Same as primary endpoint assessments, including: * blood sampling (including glucose, liver, kidney, BDNF) * Vital signs, ECG, U-tox * BMI * Metric assessment of body size perception * AE/SAE monitoring * Readiness and Motivation Questionnaire (RMQ) * General Change Mechanisms Questionnaire (GCMQ) * Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) * Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) * Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q ) * Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) * Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Extended (BPRS+) * Life Satisfaction Scale (LS) * Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) * Harmony in Life Scale (HILS) * Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) * Honesty-Humility Scale (HH) Extended Follow-Up Phase (Week 24-52) 9-Month Follow-Up (Week 36) * Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q ) * Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) * Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Extended (BPRS+) * AE/SAE monitoring * BMI, blood pressure, ECG * Fasting glucose, U-tox 12-Month Final Follow-Up (Week 52) * Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q ) * Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) * Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Extended (BPRS+) * Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) * Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) * Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) * Meaningful Life Experience Rating (MLE). * AE/SAE monitoring * BMI, blood pressure, ECG * Fasting glucose, U-tox Participants who show signs of psychological or physical deterioration at any point during the study between follow-ups are instructed to contact the research team at any time and will be offered additional assessment and support. Description of Psilocybin Administration and Psychological support Psychological support includes a non-directive preparation and integration pre- and post-dosing sessions according to protocol manual, alongside support for the patient on the dosing session day. The study follows the guidelines for safe research with psychedelics. Preparation session will include psychoeducation of the effects of psilocybin, breathing techniques, getting to know the two therapists (one male and one female). A standardized preparation script will ensure consistency across participants. The two integration sessions following each dosing session last 1-2 h and focus on exploring the session's effects and offer support in integrating the experience. Integration sessions will include structured discussions about insights gained, with therapists facilitating connections between the experience and the participant's therapeutic goals. The therapists couple will contain at least one licensed healthcare personnel (psychologist, nurse, physiotherapist or physician). The assistant therapist can be non-licensed healthcare personnel experienced with the anorexia nervosa population, such as a healthcare assistant. All psychological support therapists must have done all specific 5-day training in the psiAN manual. Dosing session day The dosing session, lasting 6-8 hours, is supported by the therapists introduced during preparation sessions. The psilocybin's acute effects persist for 4-6 hours, recorded via video and audio. Participants, lie down with an optional eye mask, experience the session in a comfortable room with a pre-selected music playlist, respecting individual preferences. Therapists provide support and guidance if requested but with minimal psychotherapeutic focus. Therapists will follow pre-established protocols for de-escalation and grounding in case of distressing experiences. Parents are introduced at the session's end with participant approval. During the dosing session, a medically trained study doctor will be available, equipped for emergencies in the unlikely event of serious adverse events related to psilocybin risks. Biological Sampling Procedures Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as the primary biomarker and for tolerance and safety measurements. Additionally, we aim to collect one tube of additional whole blood per occasion for future analysis. BDNF samples will be taken at five key time points: (1) before treatment (baseline), (2) and (3) at first integration session after Psilocybin 25mg dosing, (4) at 8 weeks, and (5) during the 6-month follow-up. This ensures comprehensive longitudinal data collection. Blood samples of glucose, kidney and liver status will be measured at the same time points as above for safety and tolerance reasons. None of these blood samples are collected or stored. All blood samples are done by a standard peripheral venous sampling method performed by a nurse at the research facility at the university hospital clinic for psychiatry at Baravägen 1, Lund. Procedures will be implemented to minimize discomfort during blood collection, such as using pediatric needles for younger participants when necessary. Blood collection and processing will follow standardized protocols to ensure sample integrity. Discontinuation from the Clinical Trial A participant will be discontinued entirely from the clinical trial (i.e., all further participation and follow-up will end) only under the following condition: Withdrawal of informed consent at any time, for any reason, without the need to justify. Discontinuation from the Intervention (Dosing) Participants may be discontinued from the intervention (i.e., psilocybin administration - first or second dose), without being excluded from the trial. Participants will be encouraged to continue with follow-up assessments unless they explicitly withdraw consent. This approach allows for continued safety and data collection in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Reasons for discontinuing intervention may include: * Development or discovery of exclusion criteria after inclusion (e.g. new psychiatric diagnosis, pregnancy). * Emergence of a serious adverse event (SAE) or medical condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes continued treatment unsafe. * Initiation of treatment with prohibited medication according to protocol. * Failure to adhere to critical aspects of the study protocol (e.g. repeated missed visits, non-compliance with preparation or safety procedures). * Investigator decision in consultation with the medical monitor. The reason for discontinuation will be documented. Participants will be offered a final follow-up visit when appropriate. Non-compliance to fMRI will not lead to study exclusion nor discontinuation of the intervention. Methods for Measurement of Endpoints for Clinical Safety Continuous clinical safety monitoring will be performed by licensed healthcare professionals at Lund University Hospital throughout the trial, from baseline to the final 12-month follow-up. The safety evaluations cover physical, biochemical, and psychological parameters relevant to psilocybin administration. Measurements for assessing clinical safety will include blood samples of hepatic and renal function, glucose, urine toxicology, cardiovascular parameters, assessment of suicidality, assessment of mental health symptoms and and assessment of Adverse Events/Serious Adverse Events/Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (AE/SAE/SUSARs). Assessment of Adverse Events Participants are instructed to contact the research team during daytime hours for urgent concerns. Outside of study hours, they are directed to seek emergency services. Events will be assessed by the clinical team for causality, intensity, and seriousness and potential relationship to treatment (psilocybin 25mg). The investigator is responsible for determining whether there is a causal relationship between the AE/SAE and use of the investigational medicinal product. Consideration should be given to whether there is a reasonable possibility of establishing a causal relationship between the adverse event and the investigational medicinal product based on the analysis of the available evidence. All AE can be categorized as either likely related, possibly related, unlikely related or not related. Those AEs which are suspected of having a causal relationship to the investigational medicinal product will be followed up until the subject has recovered or is well taken care of and on the way to good recovery. Each adverse event shall be classified by an investigator as mild, moderate or severe. Follow-up of Adverse Events Follow-up visits will be scheduled for all participants experiencing AEs to ensure resolution and ongoing safety. Participants with unresolved AEs at the end of the trial will be monitored until resolution or stabilization. For SAEs, additional follow-ups will be scheduled at least every two weeks until resolution. The frequency can be changed by the Safety Review Committee or Principal Investigator. Procedures in Case of Emergencies and Overdose Emergency protocols are in place, including immediate medical care and monitoring. In case of an overdose, the participant will be transferred to an emergency facility. Emergency kits, including benzodiazepines for anxiety or seizures, will be available during all dosing sessions. Pregnancy Management Participants who can become pregnant must use a highly effective form of contraception during the study and for two months after the last psilocybin dose. Approved methods include hormonal contraception, IUDs, sterilization, vasectomized partner, or abstinence. Urine pregnancy tests will be done at screening, before each psilocybin session, and as needed during follow-up. Psilocybin's effects on pregnancy are unknown. To reduce possible risks, strict contraception and testing protocols are required. Interim Analysis Following two administration sessions of 25mg psilocybin, a panel of three senior psychiatrists, who are not part of the research team, will conduct an evaluation of the safety data and adherence to the protocol. This analysis will be repeated after a total of 20 psilocybin administrations have been completed. After 25 patients over 18 have been through dosing sessions, patients 16-17 will be recruited. Methods for Measurement of Endpoints for Clinical Efficacy Composite Relapse Endpoint: BMI Decrease: Measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6 months using calibrated equipment and standardized protocols. Hospitalization Data: Collected through patient reports and confirmed by medical records. Symptom Deterioration: Assessed using validated tools such as the EDE-Q6.0 and clinical interviews conducted by trained staff. Clinical Intervention Use: Recorded in patient files, including initiation of new treatments during follow-up. Statistics Analysis Population Both the Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol populations will be analyzed. ITT analysis will include all participants who are randomized, regardless of protocol adherence, to ensure generalizability. Per-protocol analysis will focus on participants who completed the study as planned, ensuring the assessment of efficacy under ideal conditions. Statistical Analyses Primary Baseline Analyses: The primary analyses will involve descriptive statistics for demographic and baseline characteristics, ensuring comparability across groups, and control for follow-up measurements. Primary Endpoints analysis We will analyze differences in the number of participants and severity experiencing adverse event/serious adverse event (AE/SAE) between the groups standardized forms for AE/SAE capturing: Event description, Start and end dates, Severity (e.g., mild, moderate, severe), Relatedness to intervention (assessed by safety review committee), Action taken. The primary statistical methods will be: Descriptive Frequencies and Percentages. Comparing Proportions (Most Common for \"Incidence\") (Chi-squared test (or Fisher's Exact Test): Fisher's exact test is preferred for small cell counts (\\ 1 would indicate a higher risk in the intervention group. Comparing Severity and Relatedness is assessed with Mann-Whitney U test or Student t-test to compare severity distributions between groups. Secondary Endpoints: For secondary endpoints (e.g., changes in fMRI connectivity, BDNF, rating scales), group comparisons, including t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Repeated Measures ANOVA will be utilized. When controlling for variables such as individual differences, ANCOVA or Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) will be utilized. Principal component analysis (PCA) or independent component analysis (ICA) may be applied to identify patterns in fMRI data. Endpoints include longitudinal between- and within-person analyses. When dichotomous (binary) outcome variables: Binary outcomes (e.g., remission, response rates) will be analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for baseline characteristics such as age, baseline BMI, and symptom severity. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals will be reported. When continuous (dimensional) variables (e.g., BMI, BDNF levels, cognitive flexibility) will be analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and regression models of various types. Other: Exploratory Subgroup Analyses: Exploratory subgroup analyses will assess treatment effects across different strata (e.g., age groups, baseline severity) using interaction terms in regression models or stratified analyses to explore heterogeneity in treatment responses. Other: Sensitivity Analyses: Sensitivity analyses will address missing data using methods such as multiple imputation or maximum likelihood estimation. These methods ensure robustness of the findings by accounting for the potential impact of missing data on primary and secondary outcomes. Adjustment of Significance and Confidence Interval A Bonferroni correction or false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment will be applied for multiple comparisons to control Type I error. Results will be presented with 95% confidence intervals, and significance will be set at a two-tailed p-value of \\", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-03-05", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07169747", "keywords": "Anorexia Nervosa, Psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07169747\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Eating Disorders,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Aging,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Adolescents,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3016, "title": "Inhibition of cortico-amygdala projections underlies affective bias modification by psilocybin", "normalized_title": "inhibition of cortico amygdala projections underlies affective bias modification by psilocybin", "authors": "Claydon MDB, Hinchcliffe JK, Bartlett J, Golden CT, Thomas CW, Gilmour G, Mellor JR, Bortolotto ZA, Robinson ESJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, can produce rapid and enduring antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)[1, 2], yet the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Negative affective biases are an important neuropsychological mechanism central to the development and perpetuation of MDD[3]. Using a translational rodent model, we previously demonstrated that psilocybin modulates negative affective biases which, we hypothesize, contribute to its antidepressant effects[4]. Here, we identify the prelimbic subregion (PrL) of the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as a key locus for the modulation of affective biases by psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, and reveal a cell-type-specific bidirectional regulation of synaptic transmission. Psilocin selectively suppressed excitatory synaptic input to cortico-amygdala (CA) projection neurons, but enhanced excitatory transmission to other, putatively cortico-cortical, targets. Interestingly, suppression of the excitatory input to CA cells by psilocin, and modulation of affective biases by psilocybin, were both dependent on 5HT 1A and 5HT 2A receptor signaling. Consistent with the long-term therapeutic effects of rapidly acting antidepressants[1, 2, 4, 5], psilocin produced sustained changes to affective biases evident 24 hours after PrL infusion. In parallel, the suppressed excitatory transmission shifted to enhanced inhibitory synaptic input selectively in CA cells. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of CA neurons in PrL recapitulated both the acute and sustained modulation of negative affective biases by psilocybin, as well as positively biasing new reward memories. Together, these findings identify modulation of the PrL cortico-amygdala circuit as a key substrate for affective bias modification by psilocybin, an effect which could explain its rapid and sustained antidepressant actions.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2026-03-03", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.64898/2026.03.02.709133", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.03.02.709133", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1221362\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 191, "title": "Serotonergic modulation of cortical gamma synchronization: right-lateralized psilocin effects on 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses in rats.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic modulation of cortical gamma synchronization right lateralized psilocin effects on 40 hz auditory steady state responses in rats", "authors": "Griškova-Bulanova I, Vejmola Č, Páleníček T.", "abstract": "Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), particularly at 40 Hz, are promising biomarkers for psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated neural synchronization. Although most ASSR studies have focused on the glutamatergic system, the serotonergic system, specifically 5-HT2A receptor signaling, has received limited attention. Psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin and a known 5-HT2A receptor agonist, alters cortical oscillatory activity, but its effects on ASSR dynamics remain unclear. In this study, we examined psilocin's effects on ASSRs in eight adult male Wistar rats implanted with 21 cortical electrodes. The rats were exposed to 40 Hz and 80 Hz click-train stimulation before and 30 min after subcutaneous psilocin administration (4 mg/kg). EEG signals were analyzed using time-frequency decomposition to extract phase-locking index (PLI) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) values from frontal and temporal regions of both hemispheres. Psilocin selectively decreased PLI at 40 Hz stimulation in the right temporal cortex, with no significant changes in the frontal or left temporal regions, nor in response to 80 Hz stimulation. ERSP analysis revealed a global reduction in spectral power after psilocin administration in response to 80 Hz stimuli, but no consistent effects at 40 Hz. These results indicate that psilocin induces region- and frequency-specific alterations in auditory neural synchronization, characterized by right-lateralized disruption of 40 Hz phase-locking. This highlights the sensitivity of low-gamma oscillations to serotonergic modulation and supports the use of ASSR paradigms in translational models of altered perceptual and cognitive states.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first preclinical study to demonstrate that psilocin selectively disrupts auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) in rats in a frequency- and region-specific manner. The findings indicate a right-lateralized reduction in phase-locking at 40 Hz, along with a global suppression of spectral power at 80 Hz. These results provide new insights into the serotonergic modulation of neural synchrony and support the use of ASSRs as a translational biomarker for altered perceptual states.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-03-03", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1152/jn.00519.2025", "pubmed_id": "41779518", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00519.2025", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Hallucinogens, Cortical Synchronization, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Male, Functional Laterality, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Gamma Rhythm, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41779518\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7133517857" }, { "id": 230, "title": "Differential Effects of Acute and Chronic Fluoxetine on Psychedelic-Induced Behavior in Mice: Implications for Clinical Trials", "normalized_title": "differential effects of acute and chronic fluoxetine on psychedelic induced behavior in mice implications for clinical trials", "authors": "Bo Jarrett Wood, M. Frances Vest, Catharine Carfagno, Kyla Rose Bartley, Papori Sharma, Adam L. Halberstadt, Bruce E. Blough, Kevin S. Murnane", "abstract": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed for mood and anxiety disorders, the same conditions under which psychedelic-assisted therapies are gaining renewed interest. However, it remains unclear how SSRI treatment may influence sensitivity to psychedelics, particularly through the shared engagement of serotonergic pathways. Here, we used the head-twitch response (HTR), a well-established behavioral readout of 5-HT2A activation, to investigate how acute, chronic, and discontinued fluoxetine treatment modulates the behavioral effects of R(−)DOI and psilocybin, where psilocybin was only evaluated in the acute fluoxetine paradigm. In male mice, acute fluoxetine at 10 mg/kg had no effect on DOI-induced HTR, whereas chronic fluoxetine (10 mg/kg for 14 days) produced a downward shift in the DOI dose-response function. This attenuated response following a 14 day discontinuation period was reversed, suggesting that the behavioral consequences of chronic SSRI exposure may return following cessation. Interestingly, acute 10 mg/kg fluoxetine attenuated the efficacy, but not potency, of psilocybin, suggesting that SSRI-psychedelic interactions may vary depending on the pharmacological properties of the psychedelic compound. Together, these findings demonstrate that SSRI treatment history can alter the behavioral efficacy of psychedelics in a way that may be compound specific. These results have important implications for psychedelic-assisted therapies in populations taking SSRIs and highlight the need for translational studies to inform cotreatment strategies and guide clinical trial design.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2026-03-02", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00484", "pubmed_id": "41852641", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00484", "keywords": "Fluoxetine, Discontinuation, Serotonergic, Medicine, Clinical trial, Reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Anxiety, Mood, Placebo, Differential effects, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Randomized controlled trial, Psychology, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Antidepressant, Depression (economics), Anti-Anxiety Agents, Clinical pharmacology, Consilience, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133349014\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133349014\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1806656686\",\"https://openalex.org/W1874618163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973660081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977862375\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980461963\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981496858\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982655221\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987972424\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998939445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018008180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020187443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024013737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030313035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048175288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069466951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075312309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079507344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083894864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089202379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121744559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140175678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140774335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147789926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164650786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2193494830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319982487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895529315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895715411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927237494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938297281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947512707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948455693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957937196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964775179\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202360588\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380371967\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381433809\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387039546\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391286658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394757096\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396518351\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399897612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400013914\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408198738\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409694767\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410466765\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410718370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413997054\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015353144\",\"display_name\":\"Bo Jarrett Wood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3893-260X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054807419\",\"display_name\":\"M. Frances Vest\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-2874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091973982\",\"display_name\":\"Catharine Carfagno\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5127986172\",\"display_name\":\"Kyla Rose Bartley\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029200555\",\"display_name\":\"Papori Sharma\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-2001\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036162393\",\"display_name\":\"Adam L. Halberstadt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-5829\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076847254\",\"display_name\":\"Bruce E. Blough\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-0896\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087345721\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin S. Murnane\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-0541\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00484\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7133349014" }, { "id": 226, "title": "Synthesis and Characterization of Psilocybin Metabolites and Deuterated Analogs", "normalized_title": "synthesis and characterization of psilocybin metabolites and deuterated analogs", "authors": "Samuel E. Williamson, Elise K. Burkhartzmeyer, Michael T. Faley, Rachel Friedman Ohana, Ilia A. Guzei, Mike Valley, James J. Cali, Alexander M. Sherwood", "abstract": "To support ongoing clinical trials, the major human metabolites of psilocybin were synthesized on a preparative scale, specifically psilocin-O-glucuronide and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA), along with putative minor metabolites and several deuterium-labeled derivatives. Psilocybin, psilocin, psilocin-O-glucuronide, and 4-HIAA were assayed for engagement at seven serotonin receptor subtypes using a BRET-based binding assay, which showed that only psilocin exhibited any discernible binding across the subtypes investigated. Given the high cost and challenging preparation of these compounds, our work offers a comprehensive guide for researchers to access these resources, advancing both basic and clinical research with psilocybin and its metabolites.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2026-03-02", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00879", "pubmed_id": "41773421", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00879", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Metabolite, Biochemistry, Stereochemistry, Binding site, Serotonin, Plasma protein binding, Pharmacology, In vitro, Receptor, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Chemical synthesis, Deuterium, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133308154\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133308154\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016388239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040145728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067847029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072439527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086523559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089001095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999478951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006851110\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160759420\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164319372\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211083623\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220970406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391924240\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402462242\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406036520\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412793773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414452697\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103079864\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel E. Williamson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0108-8764\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092114090\",\"display_name\":\"Elise K. Burkhartzmeyer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092114091\",\"display_name\":\"Michael T. Faley\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010278191\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel Friedman Ohana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-4592\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040701048\",\"display_name\":\"Ilia A. Guzei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-7386\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078221892\",\"display_name\":\"Mike Valley\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078116014\",\"display_name\":\"James J. Cali\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029982811\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander M. Sherwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0791\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00879\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,In Vitro Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7133308154" }, { "id": 5623, "title": "Nicotinoyl-Tryptamine Derivatives as Potential Dual-Action Prodrugs for NAD⁺ Enhancement and Neuroprotection", "normalized_title": "nicotinoyl tryptamine derivatives as potential dual action prodrugs for nad enhancement and neuroprotection", "authors": "Stanley Kisourin", "abstract": "A novel class of hybrid molecules is described in which nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) is covalently conjugated to substituted tryptamine scaffolds via an amide bond. Twelve compounds are presented in total; eleven represent new chemical entities. The series encompasses 4-hydroxy-, 5-methoxy-, 4-acetoxy-, 4-phosphoryloxy-, and N-alkyl-substituted variants, including a direct nicotinoyl conjugate of psilocin (4-HO-DMT). These molecules are proposed as potential dual-action prodrugs: enzymatic hydrolysis of the amide bond in vivo would liberate free nicotinic acid - a NAD⁺ precursor active in the Preiss-Handler pathway - alongside pharmacologically active hydroxytryptamine derivatives capable of serotonergic receptor modulation. No synthesis or biological testing has been performed; this preprint presents the structural framework to stimulate further investigation.", "journal": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publication_date": "2026-02-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18825289", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18825289", "keywords": "Chemistry, Prodrug, Amide, Conjugate, Stereochemistry, Pharmacophore, Conjugated system, Combinatorial chemistry, Molecule, Chemical synthesis, Neuroprotection, Peptoid, Nicotinic agonist, Tryptamine, Peptide bond, In vivo, Carboxamide, Hydrolysis, Covalent bond, Biochemistry, Biological activity, Thioamide, Neuropharmacology, Transdermal, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Structure-activity relationship, Small molecule, Enzyme, Peptidomimetic, Hydrogen bond, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133128679\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133128679\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\",\"abstract:4-ho-dmt\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5127744914\",\"display_name\":\"Stanley Kisourin\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400562\",\"source_display_name\":\"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18825289\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7133128679" }, { "id": 246, "title": "Psilocybin and Ibogaine in Cocaine-Seeking: Extinction Enhancement Without Relapse Prevention", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and ibogaine in cocaine seeking extinction enhancement without relapse prevention", "authors": "Isis Koutrouli, Vojtěch Brejtr, Marek Schwendt, Kacper Witek, Chrysostomos Charalambous, K. Aleksič, N. Miniariková, Eva Lhotková, Martin Toman, M. Nikolič, Radek Jurok, Petra Cihlářová, Vladimír Mazoch, Pavel Ryšánek, Martin Kuchař, Klára Šíchová, Tomáš Páleníček", "abstract": "Psychedelics have emerged as potential therapeutics for substance use disorders, yet preclinical data validating their efficacy remain limited. Here, we investigated the effects of a clinically inspired dose-escalation protocol of psilocybin and ibogaine on extinction and cue-induced reinstatement in Wistar male rats following intravenous cocaine self-administration (IVSA). Rats were trained on a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule with cocaine dose-escalation during the acquisition phase (0.25 mg/kg/infusion, followed by 0.5 mg/kg/infusion). Following acquisition, animals were randomised into treatment groups and then subjected to 10 days of extinction. Psilocybin (1.25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) or ibogaine (10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously and intraperitoneally, respectively, on extinction days 1 and 5. A cue-induced reinstatement test was conducted 6 days after the last treatment. Both treatments significantly modulated behaviour during extinction; psilocybin reduced active lever pressing 1 day after the second dose, with a nonsignificant reduction already apparent after the first dose, while the effect of ibogaine was significant even after the first administration. However, neither compound significantly altered reinstatement behaviour, although psilocybin showed a trend toward attenuation. The applied treatment had no side effects on general locomotor activity or anxiety-like behaviour, as measured in the open field test 24 h after each administration. These findings support a role for psilocybin and ibogaine in facilitating extinction learning and suggest possible protective effects against relapse, warranting further research into their antiaddictive efficacy.", "journal": "Addiction Biology", "publication_date": "2026-02-28", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1111/adb.70111", "pubmed_id": "41780506", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70111", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Drug, Psychology, Open field, Side effect (computer science), Anesthesia, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133804101\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7133804101\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106370835\",\"display_name\":\"Isis Koutrouli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126538470\",\"display_name\":\"Vojtěch Brejtr\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049320885\",\"display_name\":\"Marek Schwendt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-1555\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045094206\",\"display_name\":\"Kacper Witek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-9183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059341704\",\"display_name\":\"Chrysostomos Charalambous\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121784252\",\"display_name\":\"K. Aleksič\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121769225\",\"display_name\":\"N. Miniariková\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079475208\",\"display_name\":\"Eva Lhotková\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128141041\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Toman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010574775\",\"display_name\":\"M. Nikolič\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-7287\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091503846\",\"display_name\":\"Radek Jurok\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-1745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077896144\",\"display_name\":\"Petra Cihlářová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-0697\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067393581\",\"display_name\":\"Vladimír Mazoch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7418-7363\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038229966\",\"display_name\":\"Pavel Ryšánek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-1663\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002474987\",\"display_name\":\"Klára Šíchová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-822X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5128174372\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S118332200\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addiction Biology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70111\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7133804101" }, { "id": 259, "title": "Psychedelics and the Extracellular Matrix: Rewiring Neuroplasticity and Metaplasticity for Next-Generation Psychiatric Therapies.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and the extracellular matrix rewiring neuroplasticity and metaplasticity for next generation psychiatric therapies", "authors": "Zhang J, Lin C, Lv X, Zhao H, Wang X.", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), have emerged as potent modulators of neuroplasticity and metaplasticity in the adult brain, offering novel therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent findings reveal that beyond their transient psychotropic effects, these compounds activate serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and downstream signaling cascades-including CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) pathways-thereby inducing synaptogenesis, dendritic spine remodeling, and transcription of the immediate early genes. Critically, the brain's extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly perineuronal nets (PNNs), has been identified as a central regulator of synaptic stability and a key target of psychedelic action. Psychedelics transiently disrupt ECM integrity by loosening PNNs and reorganizing pericellular scaffolds, a process that reopens developmentally restricted critical periods of plasticity and restores circuit-level flexibility. These ECM-mediated metaplastic effects appear essential to the sustained therapeutic outcomes observed in the clinical studies of psychedelic-assisted therapy for depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, addiction, and potentially neurodegenerative diseases. This article synthesizes current cellular, molecular, and translational evidence highlighting the ECM as a dynamic and permissive substrate through which classic psychedelics exert long-lasting structural and functional brain changes, underscoring its potential as a target for precision interventions in neuropsychiatric care.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-02-27", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.02.011", "pubmed_id": "41765343", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.02.011", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41765343\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 247, "title": "Pharmacological regulation of adult brain neuroplasticity: Synergistic roles of neuropeptide signaling, psychedelics, and synaptic modulators.", "normalized_title": "pharmacological regulation of adult brain neuroplasticity synergistic roles of neuropeptide signaling psychedelics and synaptic modulators", "authors": "Shokr MM, Fawzy MN, Abdelaziz AM.", "abstract": "Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to modify synaptic connections and reorganize neural circuits, underpinning cognitive function, emotional regulation, and recovery from injury. Recent advances have redefined adult neuroplasticity as more dynamic and therapeutically accessible than previously thought, spurring investigation into pharmacological interventions that can augment these adaptive processes. This review dissects current evidence for drug strategies targeting synaptic modulators (NMDA, AMPA, and GABA receptors), neuropeptide systems (including BDNF, oxytocin, vasopressin), and psychedelic compounds (psilocybin, LSD, ketamine), integrating insights from cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies. We detail how these agents modulate molecular pathways governing synaptic transmission, dendritic remodeling, and gene expression linked to neuronal growth and resilience. Highlighted findings include the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists, the structural and functional reorganization induced by classic psychedelics via 5-HT2A receptor activation, and the neurorestorative roles of neuropeptides in synaptic and network adaptation. Alongside these advances, we critically address safety, ethical considerations, and the risk of maladaptive plasticity, underscoring the importance of dosing, patient selection, and controlled therapeutic environments. Non-hallucinogenic neuroplastogens and combinatorial approaches that are still emerging offer new avenues to fine-tune plasticity with an improved safety profile. The collective evidence positions neuroplasticity-targeting pharmacology as a promising and complex frontier for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in adulthood.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-02-25", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.mcn.2026.104076", "pubmed_id": "41763341", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2026.104076", "keywords": "Brain, Synapses, Animals, Humans, Neuropeptides, Hallucinogens, Signal Transduction, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41763341\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3439, "title": "The Effects of Psilocybin in Healthy Volunteers: Psychological, Biochemical and Electrophysiological Biomarkers.", "normalized_title": "the effects of psilocybin in healthy volunteers psychological biochemical and electrophysiological biomarkers", "authors": "Gabriella Gobbi", "abstract": "In this study, participants will received either psilocybin (the active ingredient found in certain mushrooms) or an inactive placebo (a look-alike tablet with no active drug). The psilocybin is supplied by Filament Health (Burnaby, British Columbia). After psilocybin ingestion, the body quickly converts it into psilocin, which is the form that produces the temporary psychological effects. Psilocin mainly works by interacting with serotonin receptors in the brain, especially a type called the 5-HT2A receptor. This study will be done in healthy volunteers using a single oral dose of 25 mg (one tablet by mouth), consistent with doses used in previous clinical research. The goal is to understand the biological, psychological, and high-density EEG (hd-EEG) changes that can happen after a one-time dose of psilocybin.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-02-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07433452", "keywords": "Healthy Participants, Placebo - Control, Psilocybin, Psilocybin (drug), Placebo, NOT_YET_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07433452\",\"overall_status\":\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 263, "title": "Pilot study of psilocybin in patients with post-treatment lyme disease", "normalized_title": "pilot study of psilocybin in patients with post treatment lyme disease", "authors": "Albert Garcia-Romeu, Gideon P. Naudé, Alison W. Rebman, Sara So, Abigail Yaffe, Ian Geithner, Erica A. Kozero, Ting Yang, Mark J. Soloski, John N. Aucott", "abstract": "Abstract Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and Europe. Although antibiotics effectively treat most cases, an estimated 10-20% of patients develop post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD), a chronic syndrome marked by fatigue, pain, cognitive difficulties, mood disturbance, and reduced quality of life. There are no established treatments for PTLD. The serotonin 2A receptor agonist psychedelic psilocybin has recently shown potential antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in clinical trials as well as preliminary evidence for anti-inflammatory effects in animals. This open-label, single-arm pilot study evaluated the effects of psilocybin in 20 participants with well-characterized PTLD. The 8-week intervention included two psilocybin sessions (15 mg in week 4; 15 or 25 mg in week 6) with psychological support. Participants (11 women, 9 men, mean age 44, median illness duration 5.7 years) showed significant improvements in PTLD symptom burden and quality of life from study enrollment through 1-month following the second dose of psilocybin (primary endpoint), with significant benefits sustained through 6 months. At the 6-month follow-up, general PTLD symptom burden (GSQ-30) was decreased 40% from baseline ( p", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2026-02-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-38091-9", "pubmed_id": "41741501", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38091-9", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Lyme disease, Quality of life (healthcare), Adverse effect, Internal medicine, Antidepressant, Mood, Anxiety, Anxiolytic, Depression (economics), Clinical trial, Psychiatry, Disease, Placebo, Randomized controlled trial, Severity of illness, Physical therapy, Fibromyalgia syndrome, Imipramine, Agonist, Cognition, Major depressive disorder, Fibromyalgia, Adjunctive treatment, Mood disorders, Disease burden, Pharmacotherapy, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7131357000\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7131357000\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1492462112\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951724000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031343230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033138316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042480215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097195468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114242035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119296895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133866452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138407894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149111302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151487996\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774486220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904775041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912596989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914765137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993866314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013737430\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023636576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092438109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153999239\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178904793\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185951996\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295957096\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307309250\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378647709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382776629\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390484931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391036082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391213632\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391678591\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392550813\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393183693\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393489617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394886406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395456472\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401757361\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405528804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406974730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407252104\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408459373\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409730083\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126750519\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126769775\",\"display_name\":\"Gideon P. Naudé\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126764989\",\"display_name\":\"Alison W. Rebman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040562059\",\"display_name\":\"Sara So\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028103202\",\"display_name\":\"Abigail Yaffe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126767251\",\"display_name\":\"Ian Geithner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051176560\",\"display_name\":\"Erica A. Kozero\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089832424\",\"display_name\":\"Ting Yang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-6939\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059049972\",\"display_name\":\"Mark J. Soloski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082440285\",\"display_name\":\"John N. Aucott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-0896\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38091-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Adverse Events,Inflammation", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7131357000" }, { "id": 3046, "title": "SSRIs, Psilocybin, MDMA, and Disease Modeling: Strategies to Advance PTSD Treatment", "normalized_title": "ssris psilocybin mdma and disease modeling strategies to advance ptsd treatment", "authors": "Momoko Ishii, Mark Zervas", "abstract": "S elective S erotonin R euptake I nhibitors (SSRIs) and two psychedelics, Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), and MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) act on serotonergic-related neural circuits and function as serotonin modulators. All three molecules are either currently used or proposed as novel therapeutic modalities to treat P ost- T raumatic S tress D isorder (PTSD). While there are important clinical implications for treating PTSD, there are also a number of unanswered questions and still limited understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of how these therapeutic modalities function at a molecular, cellular, and neural circuit level. Given their utility (e.g. SSRIs) and future consideration (e.g. Psilocybin, MDMA) for alleviating the complex symptoms of PTSD, a better understanding of their neurobiological role as well as their past and future intellectual property considerations are important converging topics. This review is a Position Paper by Zervas Scientific Consulting (ZSC) that places in context valuable and multidisciplinary topics to appropriately develop therapeutics with the ultimate goal of advancing effective novel treatment options for patients that currently live with PTSD.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2026-02-23", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.14293/pr2199.003034.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.003034.v1", "keywords": "Modalities, Context (archaeology), Disease, Multidisciplinary approach, Medicine, Therapeutic modalities, Psilocybin, Function (biology), Intensive care medicine, Psychology, Treatment modality, Psychotherapist, Neuroscience, Position paper, Biological neural network, Neural activity, Psychiatry, Property (philosophy), Therapeutic approach, Clinical Practice, MEDLINE, Modality (human-computer interaction), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7131373365\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7131373365\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087821085\",\"display_name\":\"Momoko Ishii\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-5633\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126795830\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Zervas\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.003034.v1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7131373365" }, { "id": 1982, "title": "Effects of Psilocybin and Select Pharmaceutical Interactions", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin and select pharmaceutical interactions", "authors": "Jordan McDowell, Jada Middleton, Alanna Bluett, Alisa Kozachenko, Bayan Attar, Yuvraj Singh Saini, Jennifer Burke, Cayden McPhee, Mutahera Mutahera, Talya Ahmed, Nabila Ibrahim, Gilbert Atukwatsibwe, Sulabha Adhikari, Mohammad Esmaili, Jean-Vital Yambayamba", "abstract": "In Canada, the use of both prescription medications and psychedelics has become increasingly prevalent. As of 2022, approximately 16.5% of Canadians-about 6.3 million individuals-were prescribed at least one antidepressant, with fluoxetine remaining one of the most commonly used options (IQVIA, 2023). Benzodiazepine use, including drugs like alprazolam, ranges between 5% to 10% nationwide, with notably higher usage (15-20%) among older adults aged 65 and over (Davies et al., 2017). Psilocybin use, while less common, has shown steady presence in the population; in 2019, years hallucinogens such as psilocybin, LSD, and PCP were used by approximately 2% of Canadians-equating to roughly 587,000 people- and by approximately 6% of young adults aged 20 to 24 (Health Canada, 2023). Based on the statistical overlap between antidepressant and psychedelic users, it is estimated that over 126,000 Canadians may be experiencing interactions between these drug classes, a number that is expected to grow as both psychedelic therapy and recreational use become more culturally accepted. We investigated the chemical, physical, and psychological effects of psilocybin, fluoxetine, and alprazolam and their interactions with each other. In clinical contexts, benzodiazepines like midazolam are sometimes used to manage overwhelming psychedelic experiences, offering a pharmacological baseline for understanding how sedatives may interact with psilocybin. When taken concurrently, fluoxetine appears to attenuate the mind-altering effects typically induced by psilocybin, likely due to its modulation of serotonin receptor activity. This dampening effect suggests a pharmacological counteraction between the two substances. There is little direct research on the interaction between psilocybin and alprazolam, but from what is indicated, they may exhibit small interactive effects. Understanding these interactions may provide insight into more accurate harm-reduction strategies and clinical decision-making.", "journal": "MacEwan University Student eJournal", "publication_date": "2026-02-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.31542/bcek6t76", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31542/bcek6t76", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Fluoxetine, Hallucinogen, Alprazolam, Antidepressant, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Benzodiazepine, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Drug, Imipramine, Medical prescription, Anhedonia, Psychoactive drug, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Dissociative, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Psychopharmacology, Reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin, Depression (economics), Clinical psychology, MDMA, Pharmacotherapy, Clinical trial, Drug interaction, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7130340064\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7130340064\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126318552\",\"display_name\":\"Jordan McDowell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126351271\",\"display_name\":\"Jada Middleton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126343008\",\"display_name\":\"Alanna Bluett\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126303962\",\"display_name\":\"Alisa Kozachenko\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126358342\",\"display_name\":\"Bayan Attar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036720671\",\"display_name\":\"Yuvraj Singh Saini\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126308695\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer Burke\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126300574\",\"display_name\":\"Cayden McPhee\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126302123\",\"display_name\":\"Mutahera Mutahera\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126352736\",\"display_name\":\"Talya Ahmed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126356990\",\"display_name\":\"Nabila Ibrahim\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126331535\",\"display_name\":\"Gilbert Atukwatsibwe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126327348\",\"display_name\":\"Sulabha Adhikari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126349849\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad Esmaili\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126341786\",\"display_name\":\"Jean-Vital Yambayamba\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210183763\",\"source_display_name\":\"MacEwan University Student eJournal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31542/bcek6t76\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Older Adults,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7130340064" }, { "id": 85, "title": "Sex-dependent developmental changes in behavior, brain structure, functional connectivity, and sensory perception following exposure to psilocybin during adolescence", "normalized_title": "sex dependent developmental changes in behavior brain structure functional connectivity and sensory perception following exposure to psilocybin during adolescence", "authors": "Itishree Sahoo, Sairam Masadi, Ashwath Maheswari, Rachel Utama, Muhammad Abeer, Sima Soltanpour, Md Taufiq Nasseef, Tochi Chukwuemeka, Nandini Sinhal, Jyot Pandit, Richard J. Ortiz, Noah Cavallaro, Eric Brengel, Praveen Kulkarni, Michael A. Gitcho, Craig F. Ferris", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. We hypothesized psilocybin given during adolescence, a time of heightened neuroplasticity, particularly in the forebrain, would affect emotional behavior and the associated underlying neuroanatomy, neurocircuitry, and epigenetics. Female and male mice were given vehicle or 3.0 mg/kg psilocybin every other day by oral gavage from postnatal days 40-50 for a total of five exposures. Between postnatal days 90-120 mice were imaged and evaluated for affective behavior and perception of rewarding and aversive stimuli. MRI data from voxel-based morphometry, diffusion weighted imaging, and BOLD resting state functional connectivity were registered to a mouse 3D MRI atlas with 139 brain regions providing site-specific differences in global brain structure and functional connectivity between experimental groups. The prefrontal cortex was measured for changes in proteins associated with epigenetics. Mice showed no significant differences in the light/dark box test, but female mice exposed to psilocybin showed reduced mobility in the open field as compared to controls. Mice with early psilocybin exposure showed reduced brain sensitivity to both rewarding and aversive odors during scanning sessions. There were regional reductions in brain volume and alteration in water diffusivity affecting males more than females. Global and regional functional connectivity were increased in both sexes with the prefrontal cortex showing enhanced connections to the hypothalamus, thalamus and midbrain. Males showed reduced levels of epigenetic and neuroplasticity protein markers in the prefrontal cortex. The pronounced changes in brain volume, water diffusivity - a surrogate marker of gray matter microarchitecture, increase in functional connectivity, altered perception of rewarding and aversive stimuli and altered levels of protein markers of neuroplasticity provide compelling evidence that exposure to psilocybin during adolescence has long term developmental consequences, particularly in males.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-02-17", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-026-02356-8", "pubmed_id": "41708994", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-026-02356-8", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Prefrontal cortex, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Neuroscience, Neuroplasticity, Thalamus, Brain mapping, Affect (linguistics), Sensory system, Brain activity and meditation, Insular cortex, Cerebral cortex, Perception, Working memory, Functional imaging, Human brain, Frontal lobe, Frontal cortex, Sensory processing, Cortex (anatomy), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:31", "raw_json": 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Sahoo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126286476\",\"display_name\":\"Sairam Masadi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050126403\",\"display_name\":\"Ashwath Maheswari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116176294\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel Utama\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077618781\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Abeer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080946926\",\"display_name\":\"Sima Soltanpour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-8902\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077859958\",\"display_name\":\"Md Taufiq Nasseef\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-8458\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126355536\",\"display_name\":\"Tochi Chukwuemeka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126343742\",\"display_name\":\"Nandini Sinhal\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126301524\",\"display_name\":\"Jyot Pandit\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009913688\",\"display_name\":\"Richard J. Ortiz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-9744\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126292505\",\"display_name\":\"Noah Cavallaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001407902\",\"display_name\":\"Eric Brengel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-8470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056779411\",\"display_name\":\"Praveen Kulkarni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-4544\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042069677\",\"display_name\":\"Michael A. Gitcho\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9223-5426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069720283\",\"display_name\":\"Craig F. Ferris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-5214\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-026-02356-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Epigenetics,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7130402425" }, { "id": 273, "title": "Network pharmacology and molecular simulation reveal the entourage effect mechanisms of psilocybin-producing mushrooms on the brain", "normalized_title": "network pharmacology and molecular simulation reveal the entourage effect mechanisms of psilocybin producing mushrooms on the brain", "authors": "Zurika Murray, Angélique Lewies, Johannes F. Wentzel, Marietjie Schutte-Smith, Elizabeth Erasmus, Anwar E.M. Noreljaleel, Hendrik G. Visser, Anke Wilhelm, Abdul Rashid Issahaku", "abstract": "The therapeutic potential of psilocybin in treating psychiatric disorders has gained attention recently. While most research has focused on isolated psilocybin, evidence suggests that whole mushroom extracts exhibit greater efficacy, implicating a possible entourage effect of additional bioactive compounds. This study aimed to elucidate the holistic neuropharmacological effects of psilocybin-producing mushroom compounds through a computational framework incorporating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. Fifteen mushroom-derived compounds were identified from literature, of which eight exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Target prediction and network analysis identified 44 brain-localized proteins with partial biological connectivity. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses implicate key neurological pathways. The compounds exhibited strong docking scores to neurologically relevant targets. Several compounds formed stable salt bridges with the Asp155 residue of HTR2A, mirroring serotonin’s binding behavior. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed high residence stability of the compounds within the binding pockets of HTR2A and MAOA. These findings support a mechanistic rationale for the enhanced efficacy of whole mushroom extracts over isolated psilocybin and underscore the therapeutic potential of other constituent compounds. The study highlights the importance of multi-target interactions in mediating neuropsychiatric effects and provides a foundation for further investigations into the synergistic roles of these compounds in CNS modulation.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2026-02-13", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-39483-7", "pubmed_id": "41691031", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39483-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Computational biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Docking (animal), Molecular model, Biology, Molecular Pharmacology, Mechanism of action, Molecular dynamics, Mushroom, Bioinformatics, Mirroring, Biochemistry, Molecular descriptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7128912015\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7128912015\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W77478258\",\"https://openalex.org/W1268986240\",\"https://openalex.org/W1941251942\",\"https://openalex.org/W1942766393\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973413376\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983814298\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985588649\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010427019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016437478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028798936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069122038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073570537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105657039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109852750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143389076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157520113\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158600679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159675211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2177317049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2204695023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340466093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2499216663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2593436234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2764309060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794118706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946412700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081977832\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3167019654\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210183659\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223616281\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307348245\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308768859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319298186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365517193\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378217890\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385503393\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389912710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391970820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393119449\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403479110\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403860154\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405083111\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406904437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010272892\",\"display_name\":\"Zurika Murray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-3040\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126023006\",\"display_name\":\"Angélique Lewies\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006974460\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes F. Wentzel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-2673\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106804137\",\"display_name\":\"Marietjie Schutte-Smith\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048547840\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Erasmus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-697X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075157113\",\"display_name\":\"Anwar E.M. Noreljaleel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-0554\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045678329\",\"display_name\":\"Hendrik G. Visser\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-1232\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028191149\",\"display_name\":\"Anke Wilhelm\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-5589\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044280726\",\"display_name\":\"Abdul Rashid Issahaku\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-436X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39483-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7128912015" }, { "id": 3690, "title": "Safety and Psychological Effects of Psilocybin and D-Serine Formulation in Healthy Volunteers", "normalized_title": "safety and psychological effects of psilocybin and d serine formulation in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Hadassah Medical Organization", "abstract": "The goal of this open-label, dose-escalation, prospective study is to evaluate the safety and psychological effects of a Psilocybin and D-Serine formulation in healthy volunteers. The main objectives are: 1. To assess the psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin administered with D-Serine in healthy adults. 2. To determine whether D-Serine modulates or attenuates the psychedelic effects of psilocybin. 3. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of psilocybin and D-Serine co-administration. Study population includes: 10 healthy male or female volunteers aged 25-60 years with no history of psychiatric or major medical disorders and no current evidence of such disorders. The study includes two cohorts. The first cohort of 5 participants will receive 15 mg of Psilocybin and 5 g of D-Serine. Safety data will be collected and submitted in an interim report to the Ethics Committee. If no safety concerns arise, the second cohort will receive an increased dose of 25 mg of Psilocybin and 7 g of D-Serine to help determine the optimal dose for a future Phase IIa clinical trial. This is a first-in-human, Phase I, exploratory clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and initial psychological and physiological responses to a single administration of psilocybin in combination with D-Serine in healthy adult volunteers. The rationale for this combination stems from preclinical evidence indicating that D-Serine, a naturally occurring co-agonist at the NMDA receptor, may attenuate the acute psychedelic effects of psilocybin while preserving its neuroplastic and therapeutic properties. Preclinical studies demonstrated that D-Serine reduced the psilocybin-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in rodent models and enhanced the expression of synaptic plasticity markers (e.g., GAP43, PSD95, SV2A, synaptophysin) across multiple brain regions, with effects sustained up to 12 days post-treatment. These findings suggest that the combination may improve the safety and tolerability of psilocybin, particularly for populations sensitive to its psychoactive effects. The trial will consist of four sequential components: Screening Phase - to assess eligibility. Preparation Phase - to establish therapeutic rapport and baseline assessments. Administration Phase - involving a single oral administration of the investigational combination (psilocybin + D-Serine). Follow-up Phase - including in-person follow-up visits on Day 2, Day 7, Day 28, and Day 84 post-treatment to monitor safety outcomes, subjective responses, and potential delayed effects.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2026-02-04", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07079930", "keywords": "Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin and D-Serine, Physical Examination, Vital signs, ECG test, Comprehensive Blood Panel, SMAC-20, Complete Blood Count, CBC, Urinalysis, Urine Toxicology Screen, A pregnancy Urine test, Electroencephalogram, EEG, Plasma Amino Acid Levels, Plasma Inflammation Markers, Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Facto, Plasma BDNF, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, MINI, Family Psychiatric History Assessment, FPHA, Beck Depression Inventory, BDI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI, Profile of Mood States, POMS, Subjective Units of Distress Scale, SUDS, Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire, 5D-ASC, Integration, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07079930\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Animal Study,Healthy Volunteers,Safety,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 250, "title": "Cardiac Consequences Associated with Psychedelic Use: A Systematic Review of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2B-Mediated Valvular Heart Disease", "normalized_title": "cardiac consequences associated with psychedelic use a systematic review of lysergic acid diethylamide 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine 2b mediated valvular heart disease", "authors": "Tianyi Xu, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Christine E. Dri, Kayla M. Teopiz, Andy Lu, Serene M. L. Lee, Taeho Greg Rhee, Liyang Yin, Stavroula I. Bargiota, Roger Ho, Roger S. McIntyre", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, and the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine exhibit agonist activity at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor, a signalling pathway known to mechanistically mediate drug-induced valvular heart disease. This systematic review evaluates whether chronic or repeated use of psychedelics and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine may contribute to valvular heart disease through sustained 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor activation. A systematic search of Google Scholar, OVID and PubMed was conducted from inception to June 1, 2025. We sought to include studies that reported an association between psychedelics or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine at 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B binding and molecular, cellular, structural, and/or functional evidence of cardiac valvulopathy. Seventeen studies were included in this review. No studies were found on psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine or mescaline. Both lysergic acid diethylamide and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine have high affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptors and promote downstream signaling linked to mitogenic and fibrotic changes in valvular tissue. In vitro and structural studies show that lysergic acid diethylamide exhibits high affinity and induces β-arrestin-biased signaling in valvular interstitial cells, while 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine displays moderate affinity and similar functional responses. In vivo studies confirm serotonin-induced valvulopathy, and chronic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine use has been associated with valvular abnormalities in humans. No clinical cases of lysergic acid diethylamide-induced valvulopathy have been reported, but preclinical data support its potential to engage fibrotic signaling pathways under sustained exposure. Preliminary converging mechanistic and preclinical evidence suggests that lysergic acid diethylamide and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine may promote cardiac valvulopathy via 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor signalling. This is consistent with existing Food and Drug Administration concerns and supports the need for ongoing cardiac and valvular safety monitoring in psychedelic research.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-02-04", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1055/a-2794-6487", "pubmed_id": "41643722", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2794-6487", "keywords": "Lysergic acid, Lysergic acid diethylamide, valvular heart disease, Medicine, Receptor, Pharmacology, In vivo, Internal medicine, Agonist, Signal transduction, Serotonergic, Endocrinology, Hedgehog signaling pathway, Neuroscience, Heart disease, Cardiology, In vitro, Disease, Animal studies, Bioinformatics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7128030169\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7128030169\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1937517990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973660081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982686584\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989313506\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998906057\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017059860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043715997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058571677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069212461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080053824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124057487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127864940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156244933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2338865953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581696375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982809992\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033193093\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116039714\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221078879\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295136939\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306169038\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307370826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379598244\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385827303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386525120\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391687753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405955633\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412464433\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413420616\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124226680\",\"display_name\":\"Tianyi Xu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109785110\",\"display_name\":\"Sabrina Wong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0928-3433\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034847365\",\"display_name\":\"Gia Han Le\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6457-0086\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115834223\",\"display_name\":\"Christine E. Dri\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120970052\",\"display_name\":\"Kayla M. Teopiz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121598197\",\"display_name\":\"Andy Lu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006295410\",\"display_name\":\"Serene M. L. Lee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-0607\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072363222\",\"display_name\":\"Taeho Greg Rhee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-3361\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124085252\",\"display_name\":\"Liyang Yin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025314820\",\"display_name\":\"Stavroula I. Bargiota\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-0647\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124129766\",\"display_name\":\"Roger Ho\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125232013\",\"display_name\":\"Roger S. McIntyre\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2794-6487\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7128030169" }, { "id": 280, "title": "Acute psilocin increased cortical activity in rat", "normalized_title": "acute psilocin increased cortical activity in rat", "authors": "Junhong Liu, Y. Lynn Wang, Ke Xia, Jia-Bin Wu, Danhao Zheng, Aoling Cai, Haitao Yan, Ruibin Su", "abstract": "Psilocin, a naturally occurring hallucinogenic component of magic mushrooms, exerts notable psychoactive effects in both humans and rodents. However, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. Blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a valuable tool in many preclinical and clinical trials for investigating changes of brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) due to its noninvasive nature and widespread availability. However, fMRI effects of psilocin on rats have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to explore the impact of psilocin on rats' brain activity by combining BOLD fMRI and immunofluorescence (IF) of EGR1, an immediate early gene (IEG) closely related to depressive symptoms. Ten minutes after psilocin hydrochloride injection (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), elevated brain activity was detected in the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex (including the cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex), hippocampus, and striatum. Moreover, a region-of-interest (ROI) -wise FC analysis matrix indicated enhanced interconnectivity of several regions, such as the cingulate cortex, dorsal striatum, prelimbic, and limbic regions. Further seed-based analyses revealed increased FC of cingulate cortex with the cortical and striatal areas. In addition to the fMRI observations, acute psilocin led to an increase in the EGR1 level in most cortical and striatal regions, indicating a consistent activation throughout the cortical and striatal areas. In conclusion, the psilocin-induced hyperactive state in rats is congruent to that in humans, and the increased brain activity, enhanced functional connectivity and up-regulation of EGR1 may be responsible for its pharmacological effects.", "journal": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2026-02-03", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2026.1593703", "pubmed_id": "41716660", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1593703", "keywords": "Retrosplenial cortex, Neuroscience, Cingulate cortex, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Cortex (anatomy), Posterior cingulate, Cerebral cortex, Hippocampal formation, Anterior cingulate cortex, Chemistry, Psychology, Premovement neuronal activity, Hippocampus, Infralimbic cortex, Hallucinogen, Limbic system, Brain mapping, Central nervous system, Amygdala, Human brain, Resting state fMRI, Perirhinal cortex, Posterior parietal cortex, Entorhinal cortex, Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Functional Brain Connectivity Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7127681443\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7127681443\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1218133796\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607671357\",\"https://openalex.org/W1691941589\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970108241\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974316717\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976431827\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986624071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011889986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020778578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024875626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025204726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032386770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035462451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039169438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050297923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061494834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064153375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072522618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075556735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079818797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080962980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083207963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093593858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097983973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2224527671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2234472934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595255406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623311414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767241173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886680918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887016981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914710263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924763228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953062348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953739743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994882463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3017727512\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093454394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162476260\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187804795\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214570845\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220674386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220838968\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378084778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407243631\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408783890\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417046154\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125016007\",\"display_name\":\"Junhong Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062344658\",\"display_name\":\"Y. Lynn Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-1212\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123289603\",\"display_name\":\"Ke Xia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066467728\",\"display_name\":\"Jia-Bin Wu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-961X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018493023\",\"display_name\":\"Danhao Zheng\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090433356\",\"display_name\":\"Aoling Cai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-1621\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124977098\",\"display_name\":\"Haitao Yan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108315379\",\"display_name\":\"Ruibin Su\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S115201632\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2026.1593703\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7127681443" }, { "id": 1985, "title": "Psilocybin exerts differential effects on social behavior and inflammation in mice in contexts of activity-based anorexia", "normalized_title": "psilocybin exerts differential effects on social behavior and inflammation in mice in contexts of activity based anorexia", "authors": "Sheida Shadani, Erika Greaves, Zane B. Andrews, Claire J. Foldi", "abstract": "Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, have shown therapeutic potential across several psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa (AN). These disorders often share social deficits that may be effectively alleviated by psychedelics considering their use has been linked with emotional empathy and enhanced social cognition. However, the mechanisms through which psychedelics alter social behavior are unclear, and mechanistic studies in animal models have largely focused on male subjects. This is problematic for understanding the therapeutic effects relevant for disorders that predominantly affect females, such as AN. Here, we used the activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model to characterize their social behavior compared to mice exposed to food restriction (FR), running wheels (RW) or standard housing (Controls) in female mice. Together with these metabolic stressors, we also investigated the effects of psilocybin on the circulating proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is implicated in AN and is suppressed by psychedelics. Psilocybin did not alter sociability in ABA, RW, or FR mice but increased preference for social familiarity (reduced novelty-seeking) in Controls. Novelty-seeking behavior was elevated in both ABA and RW groups, although with distinct social patterns. Psilocybin elevated IL-6 levels in RW mice, which was positively correlated with preference for novelty. No such relationships were found in ABA or FR groups. These findings reveal subtle, context-dependent effects of psilocybin on social behavior and inflammation in female mice, advancing our understanding of how ABA and exercise influence social behavior and inflammatory signaling. They underscore the need to clarify the temporal, neuroplastic, and immune-related mechanisms of psilocybin across sexes and disease models.", "journal": "Psychedelics.", "publication_date": "2026-02-02", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.61373/pp026a.0003", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.61373/pp026a.0003", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia, Anorexia nervosa, Anhedonia, Psychology, Empathy, Hallucinogen, Affect (linguistics), Proinflammatory cytokine, Inflammation, Social relation, Differential effects, Social isolation, Animal model, Social inhibition, Prosocial behavior, Mechanism (biology), Social environment, Social stress, Anxiety, Developmental psychology, Clinical psychology, Social contact, Psychopathology, Social identity approach, Social anxiety, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Social behaviour, Social influence, Cytokine, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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Shadani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045522179\",\"display_name\":\"Erika Greaves\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007604702\",\"display_name\":\"Zane B. Andrews\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-7944\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003584852\",\"display_name\":\"Claire J. Foldi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-8242\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404675698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.61373/pp026a.0003\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,OCD,Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Toxicity,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7127440111" }, { "id": 87, "title": "Spatiotemporal mapping of brain organisation following the administration of 2C-B and psilocybin", "normalized_title": "spatiotemporal mapping of brain organisation following the administration of 2c b and psilocybin", "authors": "Pablo Mallaroni, S. Parker Singleton, Natasha L. Mason, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Johannes G. Ramaekers", "abstract": "As psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy gains momentum, clinical investigation of next-generation psychedelics may lead to novel compounds tailored for specific populations. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychedelic phenethylamine reported to produce less dysphoria and subjective impairment than the psychedelic tryptamine psilocybin. Despite its popularity among recreational users and distinct pharmacodynamics, the neural correlates of 2C-B remain unexplored. Using 7 T resting-state functional MRI in 22 healthy volunteers, we mapped out the acute effects of matched doses of 20 mg 2C-B, 15 mg psilocybin and placebo across spatiotemporal benchmarks of functional brain organisation. In a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, we evaluated the neuropharmacological and neurobehavioural correlates of an array of connectivity measures - including static (sFC) and global connectivity (gFC), dynamic connectivity variability (dFC), and spontaneous brain complexity. Compared to placebo, 2C-B and psilocybin selectively reduced intranetwork sFC, while broadly increasing between-network and subcortical-cortical connectivity. Compared to psilocybin, 2C-B exhibited less pronounced reductions in between-network dFC but elicited elevations in transmodal sFC. Both compounds yielded spatially divergent increases in gFC yet produced similar increases in brain complexity. Using PET density modelling, the spatial distribution of neural effects aligned with documented differences in monoaminergic transporter and serotonergic receptor binding affinity beyond 5-HT2A, highlighting the role of pharmacology in shaping functional dynamics. Lastly, we show behavioural markers of psychedelic effects are reflected by the decoupling of the transmodal axis of functional brain organisation. Together, our findings highlight 2C-B as a useful new addition to the study of psychedelic neuroscience and may motivate new pharmacotherapy strategies.", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-02-02", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-026-03447-0", "pubmed_id": "41634136", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03447-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Dysphoria, Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Monoaminergic, Brain mapping, Functional connectivity, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hallucinating, Temporal lobe, Serotonin, Orbitofrontal cortex, Anhedonia, Brain activity and meditation, Biological neural network, Thalamus, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Cingulate cortex, Anterior cingulate cortex, Neuroplasticity, Nerve net, Neuropsychopharmacology, Obsessive compulsive, Default mode network, Placebo, Human brain, Pharmacology, Neural correlates of consciousness, Forebrain, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Raphe nuclei, Functional imaging, Somatosensory system, Electroencephalography, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Functional Brain Connectivity Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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Mallaroni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-2837\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124880963\",\"display_name\":\"S. Parker Singleton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124909614\",\"display_name\":\"Natasha L. Mason\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Theodore D. Satterthwaite\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-9399\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124898167\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes G. Ramaekers\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03447-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Aging,Healthy Volunteers,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7127409271" }, { "id": 286, "title": "We Licked the Toads so You Don't Have to: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Chemical Syntheses of the Classical Psychedelics Bufotenin(e) and 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.", "normalized_title": "we licked the toads so you don t have to a comprehensive analysis of the chemical syntheses of the classical psychedelics bufotenin e and 5 methoxy n n dimethyltryptamine", "authors": "Homon A, Laramie J, Hayward JJ, Trant JF", "abstract": "Bufotenin (also spelt as bufotenine) and its methylated derivative, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), are potent psychedelics that are found in many plants but also excreted by some species of toads. The compounds are regulated differently around the world, and although used in traditional medicine, 20-century prohibition culture has slowed research into their utility for ameliorating psychological disorders and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the global trend toward legalization and a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has increased the number of clinical and preclinical studies of these and related materials. This necessitates access to large amounts of these compounds, but they are not commercially available on scale, leaving researchers with a need to either contract out, or make their own. The first bufotenin synthesis was reported in 1935 by Hoshino and coworkers, and novel syntheses are still being disclosed in the 2020s. This is the first effort to collate and compare all extant academic and patent syntheses (as of fall 2024) into a single review so that researchers can identify the most appropriate route for their own purposes. We conclude by highlighting outstanding challenges that are ripe for solutions to reduce the cost of any future commercial-scale production.", "journal": "ChemMedChem", "publication_date": "2026-01-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/cmdc.202500525", "pubmed_id": "41765690", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41765690/", "keywords": "5-HT receptors, psilocin derivatives, psychedelic, serotonin, total synthesis", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"41765690\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 283, "title": "MDMA and Psilocybin Regulate Oligodendrocyte-Lineage Cell Numbers and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in a Rat Model of Fear", "normalized_title": "mdma and psilocybin regulate oligodendrocyte lineage cell numbers and anxiety like behaviors in a rat model of fear", "authors": "Mehmet Bostancıklıoğlu, Davut Sinan Kaplan, Ramazan Bal, Elif Yiğit, Hasan Ulusal, Ebru Temiz", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-01-31", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.01.016", "pubmed_id": "41644029", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.01.016", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Rat model, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Oligodendrocyte, Psychology, Pyramidal cell, Myelin, Amygdala, Serotonin, Medicine, Methamphetamine, Freezing behavior, Cell, Imipramine, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", 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Bostancıklıoğlu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-719X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055264630\",\"display_name\":\"Davut Sinan Kaplan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-209X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055135417\",\"display_name\":\"Ramazan Bal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3829-8669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124901941\",\"display_name\":\"Elif Yiğit\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066949324\",\"display_name\":\"Hasan Ulusal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-2088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074988328\",\"display_name\":\"Ebru Temiz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-7763\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.01.016\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7127452089" }, { "id": 1988, "title": "Psilocybin-Induced Neuroplasticity and Sustained Antidepressant Effects", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced neuroplasticity and sustained antidepressant effects", "authors": "Anna Maria Komarczewska, Filip Matusiak, Klaudia Brzoza, Michał Kociński, Patryk Iglewski, Michał Pietrasz", "abstract": "Psilocybin-assisted interventions have shown rapid reductions in depressive symptoms in controlled clinical settings, raising questions about biological mechanisms supporting durability beyond the acute drug effect. [5,7] Mechanistic accounts increasingly focus on neuroplasticity as a candidate pathway linking transient serotonergic receptor activation to longer-lasting psychological and clinical change. [2,6] To synthesize evidence from the publications regarding (1) antidepressant clinical outcomes after psilocybin-assisted interventions and (2) neuroplasticity-related biological findings that plausibly support sustained improvement. [2,3] Narrative review using only (clinical trials/secondary analyses and mechanistic animal/neuroimaging work). Evidence was summarized qualitatively; no meta-analysis was performed. [2,16] Randomized and open-label clinical studies report rapid symptom reduction and follow-up persistence in major depression and cancer-related depression/anxiety, including six-month outcomes in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) protocols with psychological support. [4,5,7,19] Preclinical work provides convergent evidence of plasticity-relevant change after psilocybin, including structural synaptic remodeling in frontal cortex and hippocampal plasticity-related outcomes in extinction learning paradigms. [3,8] Human neuroimaging work reports changes consistent with altered large-scale brain dynamics after psilocybin and TRD-related mechanistic findings on fMRI. [6,20] Across the uploaded dataset, psilocybin-assisted therapy is associated with rapid antidepressant effects and durability signals in selected samples, while convergent animal and human mechanistic findings support neuroplasticity as a biologically plausible contributor to sustained clinical improvement. [2,3]", "journal": "Quality in Sport", "publication_date": "2026-01-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.12775/qs.2026.51.68216", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2026.51.68216", "keywords": "Neuroplasticity, Antidepressant, Neuroscience, Serotonergic, Neuroimaging, Psychology, Medicine, Psychological intervention, Exposure therapy, Mechanism (biology), Depression (economics), Neuroprotection, Functional neuroimaging, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Fluoxetine, Clinical psychology, Translational research, Major depressive disorder, Quality of life (healthcare), Hippocampal formation, Neuropharmacology, Neuromodulation, Psychotherapist, Clinical trial, Synaptic plasticity, Preclinical research, Treatment-resistant depression, Homeostatic plasticity, Animal studies, Human studies, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7126403964\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7126403964\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124486965\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Maria Komarczewska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122198948\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Matusiak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122068243\",\"display_name\":\"Klaudia Brzoza\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117509697\",\"display_name\":\"Michał Kociński\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117509696\",\"display_name\":\"Patryk Iglewski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124479078\",\"display_name\":\"Michał Pietrasz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210230959\",\"source_display_name\":\"Quality in Sport\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2026.51.68216\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Meta-Analysis,Review Article,Animal Study,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7126403964" }, { "id": 313, "title": "Regarding “The molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide: evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses”", "normalized_title": "regarding the molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses", "authors": "Jesper L. Kristensen", "abstract": "Clinical investigations into the therapeutic actions of psilocybin have been the focus of much attention in recent years as duly cited in the manuscript.The authors of the present manuscript discuss potential targets through which psilocybin may help prevent suicide using computational network pharmacology coupled with molecular docking investigations.Unfortunately, the manuscript contains the following oversight: Psilocybin is rapidly converted to psilocin in plasmai.e., psilocybin is a prodrug of psilocin, see Fig. 1 [1].The acute subjective effects of psilocybin are correlated with the plasma concentration and serotonin 2 A receptor occupancy of psilocin [2] and the authors also reference this study in the manuscript (Reference 66).Therefore, any therapeutic effects elicited by psilocybin can be attributed to the active metabolite psilocin, and potentially the metabolites of psilocinnot psilocybin.Furthermore, CryoEM structures of Psilocin in complex with the serotonin 2 A receptor are also available [3].Thus, the discussion on the binding of psilocybin to various proteins in the present manuscript is nonsensical in the context of trying to shed light on the therapeutic effects of Psilocybin in humans.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2026-01-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-026-03844-7", "pubmed_id": "41620438", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-03844-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychopharmacology, Computational biology, Medicine, Docking (animal), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7126417845\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7126417845\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408608578\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016691908\",\"display_name\":\"Jesper L. Kristensen\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-03844-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7126417845" }, { "id": 312, "title": "The Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review", "normalized_title": "the use of psilocybin in the treatment of depressive disorders a narrative review", "authors": "Lukasz Siwek, Marta Nowocien, Barbara Balajewicz, Angelika Samborska, Sara Szukalska, Marta Karczewska, Karolina Lichwala, Kamil Wroblewski, Paulina Wróblewska", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a psychoactive chemical compound that exerts its effects through the activation of serotonergic receptors. It occurs naturally in mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe. Despite its potential medical applications, this substance is regarded as a drug with no recognized medical use. Depression constitutes a psychiatric disorder of substantial global burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide, with epidemiological data indicating a continuing upward trend in its prevalence. It is a complex disease entity that, despite years of research, remains not fully understood and constitutes a significant therapeutic challenge. Its pathogenesis is based on the interaction of biological, environmental, and social factors. It is estimated that by the year 2030, depression will become the leading cause of disability. The concern associated with this projection, together with human curiosity, has formed the foundation of numerous scientific studies conducted in recent years, aimed at identifying a breakthrough therapeutic approach that would expand the range of treatment options available to psychiatrists. The aim of this paper is to present the most recent reports on attempts to use the controversial substance psilocybin in the treatment of depression. Owing to promising research results demonstrating high therapeutic efficacy in comparison with conventional, currently recommended treatments, psilocybin-assisted therapy offers hope for the development of a modern therapeutic approach that provides the expected clinical outcomes, with a proven and more sustained therapeutic effect in treated patients, as well as a minimal number or complete absence of adverse effects.", "journal": "Cureus", "publication_date": "2026-01-30", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.102694", "pubmed_id": "41777966", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.102694", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Narrative review, Psychiatry, Depression (economics), Serotonergic, Major depressive disorder, Disease, Hallucinogen, Adverse effect, Psychotherapist, Drug, MEDLINE, Epidemiology, Medical literature, Review article, Therapeutic approach, Life review, Scientific literature, Treatment-resistant depression, Intensive care medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7126444817\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7126444817\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2075263835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096796062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111663098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157263173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739098172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2906621419\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016691047\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048752971\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092036847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112994276\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134734702\",\"https://openalex.org/W3143569728\",\"https://openalex.org/W3145885579\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149684076\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163246247\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205374179\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210631748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311508922\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311908682\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317376194\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396517788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396528604\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404236211\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405172984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410326091\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411071772\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417433550\",\"https://openalex.org/W7124472018\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122377677\",\"display_name\":\"Lukasz Siwek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124502344\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Nowocien\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122328731\",\"display_name\":\"Barbara Balajewicz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122342927\",\"display_name\":\"Angelika Samborska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122372374\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Szukalska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124538565\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Karczewska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122336267\",\"display_name\":\"Karolina Lichwala\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050651558\",\"display_name\":\"Kamil Wroblewski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122304034\",\"display_name\":\"Paulina Wróblewska\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2738950867\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cureus\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.102694\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7126444817" }, { "id": 1989, "title": "PSILOCYBIN IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE AND PSYCHEDELIC-ASSISTED THERAPY FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in psychiatric practice and psychedelic assisted therapy for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Łukasz Deska, Cezary Kosmecki, Dawid Głaz, Natalia Kamińska, Wojciech Sołtys, Magdalena Stolarczyk, Maksymilian Głaz, Mateusz Stronczyński, Aleksandra Jagura-Sukiennik, Julia Wawerska", "abstract": "This manuscript comprehensively reviews psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. It aims to synthesize current understanding regarding its mechanisms, efficacy, safety, costs, and accessibility, comparing it with conventional antidepressant and ketamine treatments. The methodology involved a narrative synthesis of academic literature, drawing from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials identified through targeted database searches. Key findings indicate that psilocybin therapy demonstrates rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects, with high response and remission rates, often after one or two sessions. Its safety profile is generally favorable, with transient and mild adverse events. Mechanistically, psilocybin primarily acts on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, modulating brain networks and enhancing neuroplasticity. However, significant challenges exist in terms of high costs, limited accessibility due to the intensive therapeutic model, and regulatory hurdles. In conclusion, psilocybin-assisted therapy offers a promising alternative for depression, particularly where standard treatments fail, by providing rapid and durable symptom reduction through unique neurobiological pathways. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols, exploring long-term outcomes, identifying predictors of response, and addressing systemic barriers to accessibility and cost-effectiveness to facilitate its integration into broader mental healthcare.", "journal": "International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science", "publication_date": "2026-01-27", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4711", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4711", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Depression (economics), Medicine, Adverse effect, Psychotherapist, Narrative review, Clinical trial, Psychology, Treatment-resistant depression, Clinical Practice, Ketamine, MEDLINE, Systematic review, Clinical psychology, Electroconvulsive therapy, Mental health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125929049\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125929049\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2030224179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062101624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996555671\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192281797\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209277823\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213145592\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281666404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291227674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297478109\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311508922\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379095570\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386420994\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386894189\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388447053\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388732506\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389392873\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389868195\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390753253\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391842082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393253405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396814296\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396900907\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398780811\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399323719\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399572299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400099913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400335852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402748917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403113128\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403775020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404764894\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404930798\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409528946\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413817374\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122407127\",\"display_name\":\"Łukasz Deska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122670377\",\"display_name\":\"Cezary Kosmecki\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121581785\",\"display_name\":\"Dawid Głaz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124103319\",\"display_name\":\"Natalia Kamińska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057447553\",\"display_name\":\"Wojciech Sołtys\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7052-7058\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124074784\",\"display_name\":\"Magdalena Stolarczyk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121597028\",\"display_name\":\"Maksymilian Głaz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121545950\",\"display_name\":\"Mateusz Stronczyński\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121599306\",\"display_name\":\"Aleksandra Jagura-Sukiennik\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093377457\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Wawerska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0145-6204\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210206754\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4711\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7125929049" }, { "id": 4100, "title": "The therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin in major depressive disorder: A review of recent clinical and mechanistic evidence", "normalized_title": "the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin in major depressive disorder a review of recent clinical and mechanistic evidence", "authors": "Fernando Mora López, Johynny Solís Solís, Ekaterina Daniela Hernández Baker, Olger Herrera Barboza, David Diaz Polo, Daniela Consumi Cordero", "abstract": "This review examines the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for major depressive disorder by integrating findings from clinical trials, meta-analyses, and mechanistic research. A comprehensive literature search across major scientific databases identified empirical studies evaluating psilocybin’s effects on depressive symptomatology, safety, and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Psilocybin’s primary pharmacological action as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist leads to alterations in brain connectivity, particularly within networks associated with self-referential processing and emotional regulation. These receptor-level effects are accompanied by neuroplastic changes, including enhanced synaptogenesis and functional reorganization, which contribute to the rapid and sustained antidepressant outcomes observed in clinical settings. Neuroimaging studies further support these mechanisms by demonstrating reductions in amygdala activity and modifications within default mode and executive networks following administration. Clinical evidence consistently indicates that psilocybin produces substantial reductions in depressive symptoms, with meta-analyses reporting large effect sizes and durable benefits lasting from several weeks to as long as one year. Randomized controlled trials highlight its rapid onset of action, with remission rates notably higher than those achieved with conventional treatments, including in populations with treatment-resistant depression. Open-label studies reinforce the durability of these effects and emphasize the essential role of psychotherapeutic support in optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Across studies, psilocybin demonstrates a favorable safety profile, with adverse events being mild, transient, and predictable. Despite these promising findings, methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, high heterogeneity, and variability in treatment protocols underscore the need for larger, standardized Phase III trials. Future research should also include direct comparisons with established antidepressants and efforts to identify biomarkers that may guide personalized treatment approaches.", "journal": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publication_date": "2026-01-25", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18375715", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18375715", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Neuroimaging, Psychology, Default mode network, Major depressive disorder, Clinical trial, Adverse effect, Amygdala, Clinical psychology, Functional neuroimaging, Neuroscience, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Neuroplasticity, Psychiatry, Randomized controlled trial, Depressive symptoms, Depression (economics), Psychotherapist, MEDLINE, Disengagement theory, Clinical Practice, Animal studies, Mechanism (biology), Synaptogenesis, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:36", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125699554\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125699554\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044911442\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando Mora López\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123855282\",\"display_name\":\"Johynny Solís Solís\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123879550\",\"display_name\":\"Ekaterina Daniela Hernández Baker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123829836\",\"display_name\":\"Olger Herrera Barboza\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123850173\",\"display_name\":\"David Diaz Polo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123876686\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Consumi Cordero\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400562\",\"source_display_name\":\"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18375715\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Biomarkers,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7125699554" }, { "id": 277, "title": "Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Fluorinated Reversible N -Alkyl Carbamate Derivatives of Psilocin for Sub-Hallucinogenic Brain Exposure", "normalized_title": "design synthesis and pharmacokinetic profiling of fluorinated reversible n alkyl carbamate derivatives of psilocin for sub hallucinogenic brain exposure", "authors": "Marco Banzato, Martina Colognesi, Lorena Lucatello, Stefano Comai, Gianfranco Pasut, Francesca Capolongo, Laura Orian, Lucia Biasutto, Anna Signor, Daniela Gabbia, Paolo L. Manfredi, Sara De Martin, Andrea Mattarei", "abstract": "High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Psilocybin, the phosphorylated prodrug of psilocin, holds therapeutic promise across a range of neuropsychiatric conditions, yet its clinical utility is constrained by acute psychoactive effects. Here, we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of a focused library of fluorinated reversible N -alkyl carbamate derivatives of psilocin aimed at reducing acute psilocin exposure and thereby limiting hallucinogenic-like effects. Carbamate bond stability was systematically modulated by varying the number and positioning of fluorine atoms on the alkyl promoiety. The resulting compounds exhibited finely tuned hydrolysis under physiological conditions. A selected lead compound (4e) showed favorable oral bioavailability and efficient brain penetration while undergoing partial bioconversion to psilocin. Notably, 4e displayed intrinsic serotonergic activity at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors but induced attenuated psychotropic effects relative to psilocybin. Overall, these findings highlight fluorinated carbamate chemistry as a versatile platform to control psilocin exposure and serotonergic signaling, rather than the development of a classical pharmacologically inert prodrug.", "journal": "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry", "publication_date": "2026-01-25", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01797", "pubmed_id": "41586631", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01797", "keywords": "Chemistry, Carbamate, Serotonergic, Prodrug, Polar surface area, Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Chemical synthesis, Combinatorial chemistry, Lead compound, Carboxamide, Desmethyl, Pharmacology, Stereochemistry, Organic chemistry, Amidine, Alkyl, Bioconversion, Lipophilicity, Trifluoromethyl, Limiting, Hydrolysis, Phototoxicity, Natural product, Inclusion compound, Structure-activity relationship, Partial agonist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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Banzato\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060460268\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Colognesi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-7851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044720565\",\"display_name\":\"Lorena Lucatello\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-9041\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018646315\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Comai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7194\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036102891\",\"display_name\":\"Gianfranco Pasut\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0899\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079064323\",\"display_name\":\"Francesca Capolongo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-0582\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002738664\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Orian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-5111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053578537\",\"display_name\":\"Lucia Biasutto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-6865\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037718660\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Signor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017874146\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Gabbia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-8227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004302186\",\"display_name\":\"Paolo L. Manfredi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-9450\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123877929\",\"display_name\":\"Sara De Martin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065244580\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Mattarei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-0749\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S162030435\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01797\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7125693386" }, { "id": 1991, "title": "The Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression", "normalized_title": "the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the use of psilocybin in the treatment of adults with treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Rishika Scott, James Smith", "abstract": "Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has been well-researched within scientific literature, although the therapeutic value of psilocybin is not fully understood. The aim of this systematic review is to determine a stable and effective dosage unit to inform health professionals of the benefits of psilocybin, using peer-reviewed literature and meta-analysis. The review will also compare selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with psychotherapy to draw conclusions and recommendations of psilocybin therapy to improve day-to-day living for affected patients. PubMed and the University of Portsmouth Discovery online database (EBSCOhost) were individually utilised from December 2024 to March 2025. Five open-label studies and 2 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were selected to assess psilocybin efficacy and safety. Appraisal checklists along with search criteria were used to determine eligibility and reliability of these data. The random-effects meta-analyses demonstrated that psilocybin at 25 mg within specific integrated sessions was effective at treating TRD compared to 10 mg and 1 mg by comparing clinical trials between two doses and single doses. Psilocybin at 25 mg was found to significantly reduce patients’ depressive severity compared to the baseline, which was prevalent in the two-dose studies (n = 5) compared to the single-dose studies (n = 2), due to the number of studies produced. The overall evidence suggests that psilocybin is an effective therapeutic for treatment-resistant depression, with a dosage unit of 25 mg administered as a single capsule per dosing session, with one dose per clinical session. Limitations to the evidence and this review have affected the overall results; therefore, more relevant studies are needed.", "journal": "Emerging Minds Journal for Student Research", "publication_date": "2026-01-24", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.59973/emjsr.317", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.59973/emjsr.317", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Dosing, Medicine, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Clinical trial, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Randomized controlled trial, MEDLINE, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychology, Evidence-based medicine, Major depressive disorder, Therapeutic effect, Systematic review, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Mental Health and Psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125652025\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125652025\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123818412\",\"display_name\":\"Rishika Scott\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123804606\",\"display_name\":\"James Smith\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387290763\",\"source_display_name\":\"Emerging Minds Journal for Student Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.59973/emjsr.317\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7125652025" }, { "id": 1992, "title": "THE PSYCHEDELIC RENAISSANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PSILOCYBIN AND LSD IN THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic renaissance a systematic review of psilocybin and lsd in the treatment of psychiatric disorders", "authors": "Jakub Klepacz, Radosław Swędrak, Marzena Swojnóg, Zuzanna Dobrakowska", "abstract": "The escalating global burden of mental health disorders, coupled with the stagnation of innovation in traditional monoaminergic pharmacotherapy (e.g., SSRIs), has precipitated a critical need for novel therapeutic paradigms. This article presents a comprehensive systematic review of the so-called \"Psychedelic Renaissance,\" focusing on the clinical resurgence of classical serotonergic hallucinogens: psilocybin and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD). The review adopts an interdisciplinary structure to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and societal implications of these compounds. Firstly, the paper traces the historical evolution of psychedelics from indigenous sacramental use, through the research proliferation of the 1950s, to the prohibitive legislation of the late 20th century. Secondly, it delineates the neurobiological mechanisms of action, specifically 5-HT2A receptor agonism and the disintegration of the Default Mode Network (DMN), which correlates with the alleviation of rigid cognitive patterns in depression and anxiety. Thirdly, the review synthesizes data from contemporary clinical trials demonstrating significant therapeutic potential in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), end-of-life existential distress, and substance use disorders. Unlike standard pharmacological reviews, this paper also analyzes the distinct psychotherapeutic framework (\"set and setting\"), integration processes, and socio-economic factors, including cost-effectiveness and access equity. The findings suggest that psychedelic-assisted therapy represents a transformative shift from chronic symptom management to rapid, episodic curative interventions, provided that regulatory and ethical challenges are adequately addressed.", "journal": "International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science", "publication_date": "2026-01-22", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4582", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4582", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Psychiatry, Monoaminergic, Serotonergic, Transformative learning, Medicine, Mental health, Modalities, Clinical trial, Depression (economics), Lysergic acid diethylamide, Cognition, Addiction, Default mode network, Clinical psychology, Transpersonal, Mental illness, Legislation, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7127606273\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7127606273\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1144621943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098923148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581696375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759174152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954690399\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093269897\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118615836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152417644\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214940428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283075222\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146113\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124045804\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Klepacz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123925115\",\"display_name\":\"Radosław Swędrak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5125010452\",\"display_name\":\"Marzena Swojnóg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124022275\",\"display_name\":\"Zuzanna Dobrakowska\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210206754\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4582\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7127606273" }, { "id": 140, "title": "Psilocin mediates long-term synaptic depression in the prelimbic cortex through 5-HT2A receptor-independent mechanisms", "normalized_title": "psilocin mediates long term synaptic depression in the prelimbic cortex through 5 ht2a receptor independent mechanisms", "authors": "Ana Domi, Erika Lucente, Davide Cadeddu, Niklas Bengtsson, Erik Smedler, Louise Adermark", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound with potential antidepressant effects. Although it has long been used by humans, primarily for recreational purposes, the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined the acute effects of psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, on excitatory neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Slice electrophysiological whole-cell and field potential recordings were conducted in the rat prelimbic cortex during bath application of psilocin. We observed a sex-independent long-term synaptic depression (LTD) of presynaptic origin. This effect was independent of 5-HT2A and metabotropic glutamatergic receptor group 2 and mediated through enhanced GABAergic tone. The effect was partially inhibited by 5-HT1A receptor antagonist and completely blocked in slices pre-treated with the neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (TrkB) receptor antagonist ANA-12. These findings suggest that psilocin exerts a complex modulatory influence on excitatory neurotransmission in the prelimbic PFC, involving GABAergic and serotonergic interactions, and producing sustained alterations in synaptic activity that persist beyond drug exposure. Psilocin-induced LTD, independent of 5-HT2A receptor activation, may be associated with the reduced prefrontal connectivity reported in humans after psilocin administration and could have implications for cognitive function. • Excitatory neurotransmission in the prelimbic cortex is sex-independent • Psilocin produces sex-independent long-term depression • Psilocin induced LTD is independent on 5-HT2A receptors • GABAergic neurotransmission plays a key role in psilocin-induced LTD • Psilocin-induced LTD depend on TrkB activation", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2026-01-20", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110854", "pubmed_id": "41577180", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110854", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Infralimbic cortex, Neurotransmission, Glutamatergic, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Serotonergic, GABAergic, Chemistry, Prefrontal cortex, Metabotropic glutamate receptor, Glutamate receptor, Electrophysiology, Biology, Antidepressant, Neurotransmitter, Long-term depression, Agonist, Synaptic plasticity, Metabotropic receptor, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125257065\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7125257065\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1861512592\",\"https://openalex.org/W1942616930\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998966506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004624418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007405611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008659680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014643576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028301849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077521744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083835125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093014391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099762599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123354702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131236523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131761257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139656558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143649581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168950597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808867953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922115974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947210454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954056751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981874813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999478951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081135604\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162218953\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184148314\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215653006\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252518069\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297522390\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353070324\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381804317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387173612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893450\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388562452\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389670555\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390479297\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392203910\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395063508\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396956515\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402624198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403450928\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412491683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414845973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4416410579\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091695672\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Domi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-2333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082968596\",\"display_name\":\"Erika Lucente\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4152-9663\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102561566\",\"display_name\":\"Davide Cadeddu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123491161\",\"display_name\":\"Niklas Bengtsson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008190952\",\"display_name\":\"Erik Smedler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4609-3620\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087618047\",\"display_name\":\"Louise Adermark\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-9908\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S160566677\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110854\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7125257065" }, { "id": 4109, "title": "Low, non-psychedelic doses of psilocybin as a novel treatment for MASLD, obesity and type 2 diabetes via 5-HT2B receptor-dependent mechanisms", "normalized_title": "low non psychedelic doses of psilocybin as a novel treatment for masld obesity and type 2 diabetes via 5 ht2b receptor dependent mechanisms", "authors": "Martina Colognesi, Daniela Gabbia, Anna Signor, Miles Sarill, Lucia Centofanti, Andrea Rinaldi, Luciano Cascione, Sara Nunziata, Marco Banzato, Andrea Mattarei, Giovanna Finzi, Sonia Sonda, Diana Pendin, Ilaria Zanotto, Stefano Comai, Gianfranco Pasut, Abdullah Alajati, Miriam Saponaro, Loredana Bucciarelli, Maria Elena Lunati, Andrea Alimonti, et al.", "abstract": "", "journal": "Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)", "publication_date": "2026-01-19", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.3929/ethz-c-000793359", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/793359", "keywords": "Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Leptin, Psilocybin, Metabolic syndrome, Carbohydrate metabolism, Skeletal muscle, Diabetes mellitus, Insulin receptor, Receptor, Glucose uptake, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Tryptamine, Liraglutide, Mediator, Metabolism, Appetite, Lipid metabolism, Antidepressant, Metabolic disorder, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:36", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7131103137\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7131103137\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060460268\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Colognesi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-7851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017874146\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Gabbia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-8227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037718660\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Signor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073954538\",\"display_name\":\"Miles Sarill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-7299\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090332139\",\"display_name\":\"Lucia Centofanti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1301-9390\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126586349\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Rinaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012537023\",\"display_name\":\"Luciano Cascione\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-0637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121457257\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Nunziata\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093581998\",\"display_name\":\"Marco Banzato\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065244580\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Mattarei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-0749\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126602766\",\"display_name\":\"Giovanna Finzi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062547537\",\"display_name\":\"Sonia Sonda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-8728\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072256218\",\"display_name\":\"Diana Pendin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-935X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003787003\",\"display_name\":\"Ilaria Zanotto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4858-1801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018646315\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Comai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7194\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036102891\",\"display_name\":\"Gianfranco Pasut\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0899\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001830200\",\"display_name\":\"Abdullah Alajati\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-7080\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021302144\",\"display_name\":\"Miriam Saponaro\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-8011\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058374035\",\"display_name\":\"Loredana Bucciarelli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-6529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016910221\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Elena Lunati\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-3046\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083212112\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Alimonti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-2313\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126596989\",\"display_name\":\"et al.\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402302\",\"source_display_name\":\"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/793359\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7131103137" }, { "id": 197, "title": "Effects of psilocybin and chronic mild stress on microglial activation in rat spinal cord: an ex vivo analysis", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin and chronic mild stress on microglial activation in rat spinal cord an ex vivo analysis", "authors": "Piotr Olejnik, Katarzyna Kamińska, Krystyna Gołembiowska, Kaja Kasarełło", "abstract": "", "journal": "Pharmacological Reports", "publication_date": "2026-01-19", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-026-00824-y", "pubmed_id": "41557251", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-026-00824-y", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Medicine, Spinal cord, Pharmacology, Central nervous system, Saline, Hallucinogen, Ex vivo, Microglia, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Analgesic, Cytokine, Immune system, Anesthesia, Hyperalgesia, Neuroinflammation, Inflammation, Serotonin, Chemistry, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Ketamine, In vivo, Apomorphine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7124985959\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7124985959\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1982188027\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991051558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027065592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074349137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118103827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147180300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2237598232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600119935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752358746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810602662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010535096\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046293360\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183648535\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201526264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200136159\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213284669\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281689406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283324512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295998041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308055899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312056223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402244375\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403809829\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404843727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406120474\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410735628\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411051263\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005435362\",\"display_name\":\"Piotr Olejnik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-1566\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103804963\",\"display_name\":\"Katarzyna Kamińska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5123407816\",\"display_name\":\"Krystyna Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056868946\",\"display_name\":\"Kaja Kasarełło\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-0975\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180401253\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacological Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-026-00824-y\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7124985959" }, { "id": 276, "title": "Chemical Design and Pharmacokinetics Enable Precision Psychedelic Therapeutics", "normalized_title": "chemical design and pharmacokinetics enable precision psychedelic therapeutics", "authors": "Anna C. Renner, Robert B. Kargbo", "abstract": "Recent psychedelic patent activity highlights a strategic shift from experiential framing toward chemically and pharmacokinetically precise neurotherapeutics. Four recent patent applications collectively span solid-state control of psilocybin, exposure-shaped intramuscular and infusion-based dosing, and chemically diversified monoaminergic scaffolds with defined transporter and receptor pharmacology. Together, these disclosures outline a platform-level evolution toward reproducible, mechanism-informed psychedelic medicines.", "journal": "ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters", "publication_date": "2026-01-11", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00780", "pubmed_id": "41704348", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00780", "keywords": "Pharmacokinetics, Computer science, Pharmacology, Computational biology, Precision medicine, Medicine, Framing (construction), Monoaminergic, Data science, Chemistry, Human-computer interaction, Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling, Biochemical engineering, Experiential learning, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7122597626\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7122597626\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4406410195\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406629036\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406965173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409087109\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409174511\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411103150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417035652\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085143294\",\"display_name\":\"Anna C. Renner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-9609\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090796568\",\"display_name\":\"Robert B. Kargbo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-6343\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S191852912\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00780\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7122597626" }, { "id": 3014, "title": "Psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in iPSC-derived human cortical neurons", "normalized_title": "psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in ipsc derived human cortical neurons", "authors": "Koch P, Schmidt M, Hoffrichter A, Davoudi M, Horschitz S, Lau T, Meinhardt M, Spanagel R, Ladewig J, Köhr G.", "abstract": "Abstract Psilocybin is studied as innovative medication in anxiety, substance abuse and treatment-resistant depression. Animal studies show that psychedelics promote neuronal plasticity by strengthening synaptic responses and protein synthesis. However, the exact molecular and cellular changes induced by psilocybin in the human brain are not known. Here, we treated human cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells with the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocin - the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin. We analyzed how exposure to psilocin affects 5-HT2A receptor localization, gene expression, neuronal morphology, synaptic markers and neuronal function. Upon exposure of human neurons to psilocin, we observed a decrease of cell surface-located 5-HT2A receptors first in the axonal- followed by the somatodendritic-compartment. Psilocin further provoked a 5-HT2A-R-mediated augmentation of BDNF abundance. Transcriptomic profiling identified gene expression signatures priming neurons to neuroplasticity. On a morphological level, psilocin induced enhanced neuronal complexity and increased expression of synaptic proteins, in particular in the postsynaptic-compartment. Consistently, we observed an increased excitability and enhanced synaptic network activity in neurons treated with psilocin. In conclusion, exposure of human neurons to psilocin might induces a state of enhanced neuronal plasticity which could explain why psilocin is beneficial in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders where synaptic dysfunctions are discussed.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2026-01-06", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242829/v3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4242829/v3", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1140594\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 320, "title": "Psychedelic Modulation of Excitation/Inhibition Balance: A Dual-Phase Neurodevelopmental Model", "normalized_title": "psychedelic modulation of excitation inhibition balance a dual phase neurodevelopmental model", "authors": "Charalampos L. Kandilakis, Costas Papatheodoropoulos", "abstract": "Psychedelics are a diverse class of psychoactive compounds that profoundly alter perception, cognition, and emotional states. Recently, classical serotonergic agents, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), along with atypical agents such as methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and ibogaine, have attracted renewed attention due to their rapid and sustained clinical effects in psychiatric disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that serotonergic psychedelics acutely modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission, enhance neuroplasticity, and reorganize brain network connectivity. However, a unified mechanistic framework linking these effects to enduring clinical outcomes remains elusive. Here, we propose a neurodevelopmental hypothesis in which psychedelics restore excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, a fundamental property of both neurodevelopment and adult brain function. Acutely, psychedelics shift E/I dynamics through serotonergic and nonserotonergic mechanisms, creating a transient state of heightened plasticity similar to developmental sensitive periods. This permissive window facilitates the long-term reorganization of excitatory and inhibitory circuits with GABAergic interneurons as key mediators. By integrating established pharmacological effects with developmental principles, our dual-phase model links initial network excitability with subsequent neuroplasticity and circuit stabilization, providing a coherent framework for the rapid onset and sustained efficacy of psychedelic interventions across psychiatric disorders.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2026-01-06", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00892", "pubmed_id": "41498818", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00892", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Glutamatergic, GABAergic, Psychology, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Neuroplasticity, Biological neural network, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Hallucinogen, Neurotransmission, Optogenetics, Addiction, Nerve net, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Cognition, Mechanism (biology), Synaptic plasticity, Electrophysiology, Psychosis, Antidepressant, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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L. Kandilakis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004253239\",\"display_name\":\"Costas Papatheodoropoulos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-9583\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00892\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7119094076" }, { "id": 290, "title": "The effect of psilocin on neurotransmitters release in the claustrum and on rat behavior", "normalized_title": "the effect of psilocin on neurotransmitters release in the claustrum and on rat behavior", "authors": "Zuzanna Kościuk, Izabela Szpręgiel, Agnieszka Bysiek, K. Gołembiowska", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The claustrum, a subcortical structure densely expressing 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 A (5-HT2A) receptors, has been implicated in sensory integration, emotional regulation, salience, and attention. Despite its hypothesized involvement in the effects of serotonergic psychedelics, the neurochemical impact of these substances on claustral neurotransmission remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how psilocin - a tryptamine and the active metabolite of psilocybin - and 4-Iodo-2, 5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) - a phenethylamine and new psychoactive substance (NPS) - modulate extracellular neurotransmitter levels in the rat claustrum, as well as to examine their effects on wet dog shake behavior, a well-established proxy for hallucinogenic activity. METHODS: Adult male Wistar Han rats were used for in vivo brain microdialysis experiments. Microdialysis probes were stereotaxically implanted into the claustrum. Rats received local administration of either psilocin (100 or 500 µM) or 25I-NBOMe (500 µM) through the microdialysis probe. Dialysate samples were collected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection to quantify extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT), glutamate (GLU), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine (ACh). A behavioral test defined as wet dog shakes (WDS) was conducted after drugs administration, to infer psychedelic-like activity. RESULTS: In vivo microdialysis performed in freely moving rats revealed that both substances markedly altered extracellular levels of DA, NA, 5-HT, GLU, GABA, and ACh. Psilocin, at both administered doses, was the only compound to significantly elevate NA and produced the most pronounced enhancement of cholinergic signaling across all neurotransmitter systems examined. By contrast, 25I-NBOMe induced a more substantial shift toward excitatory dominance, accompanied by the greatest increase in 5-HT release. Overall, psilocin generated a comparatively balanced excitatory-inhibitory neurochemical profile, reflecting its combined engagement of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, whereas 25I-NBOMe produced an excitation-biased pattern consistent with its selective, high-affinity 5-HT2A agonism. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the claustrum as a neurochemical convergence point for psychedelic action and demonstrate that psilocin engages this circuitry in a regulated, receptor-balanced manner, whereas 25I-NBOMe drives a markedly more excitatory and less compensated profile, underscoring their fundamentally distinct therapeutic and toxicological potentials.", "journal": "Pharmacological Reports", "publication_date": "2026-01-04", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-025-00817-3", "pubmed_id": "41486340", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00817-3", "keywords": "Microdialysis, Neurotransmitter, Neurochemical, Chemistry, Serotonergic, Acetylcholine, Tryptamine, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Extracellular, Dopamine, Glutamate receptor, Neurotransmission, Metabolite, In vivo, Hallucinogen, Cholinergic, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Substance P, Biogenic amine, 5-HT receptor, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, Neuroscience, Biochemistry, Glutamatergic, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Homovanillic acid, Reuptake, Reuptake inhibitor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118172518\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118172518\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W13039120\",\"https://openalex.org/W1614219830\",\"https://openalex.org/W1727963951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964842931\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965426446\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972690842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980919083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986853673\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990609196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017400430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020016243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024747286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041068326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041080643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058517947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086829826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091774925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121148760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131341859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170585987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2484419081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515280853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585722437\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759036934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886911869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892801584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927836703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955122475\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023510342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106135072\",\"https://openalex.org/W3130596650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162717363\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206222539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212962239\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220970541\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293578047\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311087814\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390176357\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394794098\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394933341\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408657279\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408958491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409674093\",\"https://openalex.org/W6903017080\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121964235\",\"display_name\":\"Zuzanna Kościuk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121925283\",\"display_name\":\"Izabela Szpręgiel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022505011\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049363185\",\"display_name\":\"K. Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180401253\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacological Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-025-00817-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7118172518" }, { "id": 337, "title": "Daily Administration of Psilocin Mucate (L-130) Produces a Favorable Safety Profile and Anxiolytic Effects in Rodents Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress", "normalized_title": "daily administration of psilocin mucate l 130 produces a favorable safety profile and anxiolytic effects in rodents exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress", "authors": "Frederick D. Sancilio, Maghsoud Dariani, Purvi Chavda, Harsha Mysore Rajagopal, Lyl Tomlinson", "abstract": "Anxiety disorders are chronic health conditions affecting the quality of life of millions of people. Psilocin, the active moiety of psilocybin, provides an anxiolytic effect; however, when orally administered as psilocybin, it only offers a moderate level of bioavailability and less predictable pharmacokinetics, potentially making effects after absorption variable and increasing the risk of adverse hallucinations, depending on the dose. As such, we investigated a recently developed stable salt of psilocin, psilocin mucate (L-130), which delivers increased bioavailability and, thus, more precise control of therapeutic levels. We examined factors related to L-130's safety, as well as its effectiveness in addressing anxiety at a commonly used macro dose level, along with dosing schedules similar to those noted in the literature. Clinical assessments and blood analyses suggest psilocin mucate is safe and has no toxicological effects. Compared to vehicle controls, daily dosing of L-130 led to significant reductions in cortisol levels and improved performances on several anxiety-related behavioral tasks: the Elevated Plus Maze, the Open Field Test, and the Novel Object Recognition Task. However, weekly dosing did not generally produce significant results. Overall, daily dosing of L-130 was able to produce anxiolytic behaviors, but larger studies are needed to determine optimal doses and dosing schedules.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "publication_year": 2026, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2025.2607726", "pubmed_id": "41482437", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2607726", "keywords": "Dosing, Anxiolytic, Bioavailability, Pharmacology, Medicine, Open field, Anxiety, Adverse effect, Anesthesia, Pharmacokinetics, Oral administration, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Elevated plus maze, Drug, Self-administration, Absorption (acoustics), Safety profile, Pharmacodynamics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118088356\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118088356\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1790118405\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897149844\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139103520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145839824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883224466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892343289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893284231\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010604170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281253144\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306947630\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381308495\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388714298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400335852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402624021\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412489091\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113872007\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick D. Sancilio\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078710159\",\"display_name\":\"Maghsoud Dariani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092423614\",\"display_name\":\"Purvi Chavda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070868248\",\"display_name\":\"Harsha Mysore Rajagopal\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017865855\",\"display_name\":\"Lyl Tomlinson\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2607726\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7118088356" }, { "id": 4183, "title": "Psychedelics and neuroanesthesia: A narrative review of converging mechanisms", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and neuroanesthesia a narrative review of converging mechanisms", "authors": "Kunal Kumar Sharma", "abstract": "Current neuroscience research calls into question the binary model of anesthesia as a state of consciousness shifted by unconsciousness, replacing it with an idea of consciousness as a continuum created by interactions between large-scale cortex and subcortical regions.Meanwhile, psychedelic drugs are making a comeback as potential treatments for treatment-resistant depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety during life-threatening illness and substance use disorders.Classical serotonergic psychedelics (like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide) have a primary target on 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors, while the dissociative anesthetic ketamine inhibits Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptors, and the weak gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor modulation is a component of the action of nitrous oxide.These agents interact differently with receptors, but have similar network-level effects on the human cortex, such as disruption of integrity of the default-mode network, loss of frontoparietal directed connectivity, increased between-network interactions, and characteristic EEG signatures that are strikingly similar to those seen during emergence from general anesthesia.The anesthesiology paradigm offers a very unique and well controlled platform for dissecting the relative contribution of drug pharmacology, expectancy, and the conscious subjective experience -something that has been recently shown by ketamine masked by surgical anesthesia trials.Here, the current narrative review aims to bring together the latest available evidence on the intersection of psychedelic pharmacology and clinical anesthesia, focusing on common molecular targets, neural-network signatures, EEG correlates, and the therapeutic relevance of anesthetic emergence in specific psychiatric patient populations.The implications for perioperative monitoring, perioperative sedation in vulnerable patients, and designing future placebo-controlled studies of psychedelics are discussed.These two literatures bring the neuroanesthesiologist into a crucial role in the future of clinical psychedelic science.", "journal": "Journal of Scientific Innovations in Anesthesiology", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.65929/jsia.2026.1.2.002", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.65929/jsia.2026.1.2.002", "keywords": "Narrative, Psychology, Epistemology, Narrative review, Psychoanalysis, Cognitive science, Perspective (graphical), Philosophy, Theme (computing), Computer science, Subject (documents), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164804665\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7164804665\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5138639614\",\"display_name\":\"Kunal Kumar Sharma\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407059051\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Scientific Innovations in Anesthesiology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.65929/jsia.2026.1.2.002\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7164804665" }, { "id": 4181, "title": "COMBINATION OF PSILOCYBIN AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IMPROVES OXYTOCIN LEVELS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER", "normalized_title": "combination of psilocybin and cognitive behavioral therapy improves oxytocin levels and depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder", "authors": "Mahvash Khan, Muhammad Omar Malik, Sara Sajjad, Muhammad Uzair, Inayat Shah, Muhammad Ismail Bhatti", "abstract": "Background: Major depressive disorder is a prevalent psychological condition that is characterized by sustained low mood, dysfunction and biological dysregulation. Depression can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, and newer studies indicate that psilocybin-based therapy may improve depressive symptoms when used under supervised psychological support. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide that plays a role in stress, emotions and bonding, may help us understand treatment effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of psilocybin therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and combined psilocybin assisted cognitive behavioral therapy on depressive symptoms and serum oxytocin levels among patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out at the Psychiatry Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex and Khyber Medical University, Peshawar from 1st December 2024 to 30th July 2025­­. Sixty-seven patients with major depressive disorder were included and randomly distributed into four groups: ‘SSRI treatment, CBT, psilocybin therapy, and psilocybin combined with CBT’. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to measure the severity of depression at baseline, week 6 and week 10. Serum oxytocin levels were also evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS25. Repeated-measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were applied. Results: The control group showed minimal change in HAM-D scores, while marked reductions were observed in all active intervention groups. By week 10, mean HAM-D scores decreased to 2.84 ± 2.01 in the CBT group, 3.24 ± 1.56 in the psilocybin group, and 2.50 ± 1.51 in the psilocybin assisted CBT group. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time on HAM-D scores and a significant time × group interaction (p", "journal": "Genetics and Molecular Research", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.4238/e91xh631", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4238/e91xh631", "keywords": "Oxytocin, Major depressive disorder, Medicine, Psilocybin, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Depressive symptoms, Depression (economics), Combination therapy, Cognition, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Pharmacology, Oxytocin receptor, Endogenous depression, Pharmacotherapy, Anxiety, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Tryptophan and brain disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7163017615\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7163017615\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137559202\",\"display_name\":\"Mahvash Khan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057214102\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Omar Malik\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137512681\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Sajjad\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078074119\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Uzair\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-1444\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000947968\",\"display_name\":\"Inayat Shah\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-6181\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5137612211\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Ismail Bhatti\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S206553565\",\"source_display_name\":\"Genetics and Molecular Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4238/e91xh631\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,OCD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7163017615" }, { "id": 4169, "title": "Exploring Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics for Smoking Cessation: Mechanistic Insights from Animal Studies", "normalized_title": "exploring psychedelics as novel therapeutics for smoking cessation mechanistic insights from animal studies", "authors": "Belle Buzzi", "abstract": "Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, and current smoking cessation treatments are limited by low long-term efficacy. An interplay between positive and negative reinforcement drives high relapse rates. Psychedelic compounds, particularly psilocybin, have shown promising clinical outcomes for smoking cessation, yet the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. The present dissertation investigates the effects of psilocybin on multiple behavioral and molecular aspects of nicotine dependence using mouse models, with the goal of elucidating mechanisms relevant to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Psilocybin attenuated nicotine withdrawal-related behaviors in a dose and sex dependent manner. In addition, psilocybin altered conditioned reward, drug-primed reinstatement, and vapor self-administration. Psilocybin’s effects were not limited to nicotine, as reductions in opioid withdrawal signs were also observed, suggesting potential generalizability across SUDs. To explore underlying neurobiological molecular mechanisms, we assessed changes in gene expression following psilocybin administration. These analyses revealed psilocybin-induced modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and neuroplasticity-related genes in brain regions implicated in addiction and withdrawal, providing novel molecular insight into how psychedelics may alter dependence-related circuitry and behavior. Together, these findings provide preclinical evidence that psilocybin targets key behavioral and neurobiological processes underlying nicotine dependence, including withdrawal and reward, which are critical drivers of relapse. This work advances our understanding of how psychedelic compounds may function as therapeutics for mitigating the substantial global burden of nicotine addiction and other SUDs.", "journal": "VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University)", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/8246", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Nicotine, Neuroscience, Addiction, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Animal studies, Nicotinic agonist, Preclinical research, Amygdala, Mechanism (biology), Pharmacology, Medicine, Smoking cessation, Antidepressant, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Human studies, Animal model, Psychotomimetic, Generalizability theory, Psychiatry, Facilitation, Clinical psychology, Craving, Endophenotype, Psychopharmacology, Major depressive disorder, Nicotine withdrawal, Behavioral neuroscience, Varenicline, Kindling, Opioid, Arousal, Drugs of abuse, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7127870091\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7127870091\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605633\",\"display_name\":\"Belle Buzzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-7377\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196340\",\"source_display_name\":\"VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/8246\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7127870091" }, { "id": 4162, "title": "Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Synaptic Function and Neuroplasticity", "normalized_title": "effects of serotonergic psychedelics on synaptic function and neuroplasticity", "authors": "Aneta Petrušková", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Sertonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocin and DMT, have been shown to hold a great potential for treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as major depressive disorder, addiction, and end-of-life anxiety. Effects of these substances on neuronal activity and plasticity have been demonstrated, however, better understanding of their mechanism of action is crucial for development of novel therapies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effects of serotonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocin and DMT on the neurotransmitter release and neuronal network activity, and furthermore to explore possible molecular players involved in this modulation. METHODS: We used genetically encoded sensors of synaptic vesicle fusion, synaptopHluorin, of glutamate release, iGluSnFR, and of presynaptic calcium levels, synGCaMP6, expressed in primary rat cortical cultures, to monitor the effects of psychedelics on key presynaptic mechanisms. Pharmacological approach using agonists and antagonists of 5-HT receptors was utilised to study the involvement of specific receptor types. Furthermore, we used immunofluorescence staining and western blotting to assess levels and phosphorylation states of several key regulators of presynaptic properties and plasticity. Finally, neurones grown on microelectrode arrays were utilised to analyze acute effects of psychedelics on neuronal network activity. RESULTS: Psychedelics decreased the proportion of synaptic vesicles undergoing fusion in response to mild or strong electrical stimulation upon 3-30 min treatment, while these effects were no longer present following 24 h treatment. Furthermore, DMT and psilocin increased evoked response at glutamatergic synapses following single stimulation, while at the same time psilocin decreased the paired-pulse facilitation. LSD and psilocin reduced evoked presynaptic calcium transients. On the level of network activity, LSD and DMT strongly inhibited spontaneous neuronal firing, while evoked responses remained unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: While we observed substance-specific effects revealed by various approaches, all tested psychedelics converged on inhibition of neurotransmission. The modulation of neurotransmission described here expands the understanding of the acute action of psychedelics, however, further research is required to elucidate the relationship between the synaptic effects of psychedelics, alterations in network activity, and the therapeutic effects of psychedelics.", "journal": "OPUS FAU - Online publication system of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.25593/open-fau-2619", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://open.fau.de/handle/openfau/38445", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmission, Glutamate receptor, Synaptic vesicle, Synaptic plasticity, Neuroplasticity, Chemistry, Glutamatergic, Biology, NMDA receptor, Stimulation, Neurotransmitter receptor, Receptor, Postsynaptic potential, Neurotransmitter Agents, Premovement neuronal activity, Dopamine, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Cellular neuroscience, Serotonin, Neuron, Synapse, Molecular neuroscience, Electrophysiology, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7121233275\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7121233275\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015243338\",\"display_name\":\"Aneta Petrušková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7146-6105\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407055110\",\"source_display_name\":\"OPUS FAU - Online publication system of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://open.fau.de/handle/openfau/38445\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7121233275" }, { "id": 4161, "title": "‘Shroom’ for concern: a case of psychedelic mushroom-induced acute kidney injury", "normalized_title": "shroom for concern a case of psychedelic mushroom induced acute kidney injury", "authors": "Maurice Lam, C. Khor, S. Hultin, J. J. Cheung, N. A. Shah", "abstract": "Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms are typically not consumed for their nutritional value. The main reason people ingest these mushrooms is for their psychoactive effects. Recently, there has been growing interest in the potential therapeutic applications of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in a range of psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence and tobacco dependence. Here, we present a case in which ingestion of psilocybin-containing mushrooms was the presumed cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). A man in his early thirties presented with acute bilateral flank pain 48 h following recreational ingestion of 0.5 g of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in dry whole form. He experienced the desired and expected hallucinogenic effects upon initial consumption. He developed a non-oliguric AKI with a peak serum creatinine of 189 μmol/L, elevated from a known baseline of 83 μmol/L. Urinalysis demonstrated an elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (40.4 mg/mmol) and bland urinary sediment. Non-contrast computed tomography of the kidneys, ureter and bladder was unremarkable. A comprehensive work-up for glomerulonephritis was negative. Serum electrolytes remained within normal limits, and there was no peripheral eosinophilia. Liver function tests were unremarkable apart from a borderline elevation in aspartate aminotransferase at 39 U/L, and serum lipase was mildly elevated at 82 U/L. A creatine kinase was normal at 155 U/L. No alternative nephrotoxic exposures or contributing factors were identified on detailed clinical history. More specifically, he had no symptoms of vomiting or diarrhoea that may have contributed to a state of dehydration. Physical examination was unremarkable, with no costovertebral angle tenderness and evidence of clinical euvolaemia. The patient received supportive management with intravenous fluids, resulting in resolution of flank pain within 48 h. Serum creatinine improved to 136 μmol/L by day 4, so a kidney biopsy was not pursued. At 1 month follow-up, renal function had fully recovered, with his serum creatinine returning to 85 μmol/L. Psilocybin-containing mushrooms are primarily associated with transient neuropsychiatric effects - altered mood, perception and cognition - emerging within 20-40 min of ingestion and resolving within 6 h. While not traditionally associated with nephrotoxicity, it is hypothesised that their serotonergic activity, particularly via 5-HT2A receptor agonism, may lead to vasoconstriction and tubular injury.1 Several cases of nephrotoxicity linked to psilocybin ingestion have been reported.1-3 These exposures rely on correct preparation and sufficiently skilful identification of the product to ensure there are no contaminants which could contribute to the development of AKI. Nephrotoxicity secondary to mushroom ingestion is usually associated with the orellanine-containing Cortinarius species and the amatoxin-producing Amanita species. Orellanine nephrotoxicity is characterised by a delayed-onset AKI, typically manifesting 3-20 days after ingestion. Histopathology demonstrates tubular necrosis, interstitial oedema and fibrosis. These cases often progress to chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis and transplant.4 Amatoxins - most notably from Amanita phalloides, A. verna, and A. virosa - are classically hepatotoxic, but nephrotoxicity has been reported due to severe dehydration from profuse diarrhoea, direct tubular toxicity or secondary to hepatorenal syndrome.5 Histopathology typically reveals tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Other Amanita species may cause an early-onset AKI, typically within 24-72 h, with more favourable prognosis and renal recovery.6 Mechanistically, orellanine is thought to inhibit protein synthesis and induce oxidative damage via free radical generation,7 while amatoxins inhibit RNA polymerase II, promoting apoptotic pathways with a predilection for metabolically active tissues that are dependent on high rates of protein synthesis such as the gastrointestinal tract, hepatocytes and proximal convoluted tubules.8, 9 This case describes a reversible AKI potentially related to psychedelic mushroom ingestion. As psilocybin prescribing becomes more widespread in Australia, clinical awareness of its potential renal effects is essential to ensuring patient safety. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.", "journal": "Internal Medicine Journal", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/imj.70313", "pubmed_id": "41518153", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.70313", "keywords": "Medicine, Ingestion, Acute kidney injury, Urinalysis, Vomiting, Creatinine, Renal function, Creatine kinase, Internal medicine, Urinary system, Gastroenterology, Liver function tests, Physical examination, Anesthesia, Urine, Nausea, Nephrotoxicity, Blurred vision, Physiology, Rhabdomyolysis, Adverse effect, Urology, Acute tubular necrosis, Liver function, Poison control, Abdominal pain, Hallucinogen, Flank pain, Kidney, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7119893738\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7119893738\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2046048354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103373693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2197595197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2906587679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324018694\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387409508\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393131815\",\"https://openalex.org/W4397047853\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034787774\",\"display_name\":\"Maurice Lam\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122507695\",\"display_name\":\"C. Khor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122471184\",\"display_name\":\"S. Hultin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122633185\",\"display_name\":\"J. J. Cheung\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122443640\",\"display_name\":\"N. A. Shah\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S60716783\",\"source_display_name\":\"Internal Medicine Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.70313\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7119893738" }, { "id": 4156, "title": "Psilocybin and ibogaine as therapeutic candidates for cocaine addiction: Insights from a rat self-administration model", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and ibogaine as therapeutic candidates for cocaine addiction insights from a rat self administration model", "authors": "I.R.A. Koutrouli, K. Šíchová, W. Kacper, V. Brejtr, K. Aleksič, N. Miniariková, E. Lhotková, M. Nikolič, T. Páleníček", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106393", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106393", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Drug, Riluzole, Animal model, Mephedrone, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117971173\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117971173\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121823805\",\"display_name\":\"I.R.A. Koutrouli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121827695\",\"display_name\":\"K. Šíchová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121813066\",\"display_name\":\"W. Kacper\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121754648\",\"display_name\":\"V. Brejtr\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121784252\",\"display_name\":\"K. Aleksič\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121769225\",\"display_name\":\"N. Miniariková\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121818721\",\"display_name\":\"E. Lhotková\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121752090\",\"display_name\":\"M. Nikolič\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121832941\",\"display_name\":\"T. Páleníček\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106393\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7117971173" }, { "id": 4154, "title": "The role of 5-HT2A receptors in sleep architecture and memory consolidation in the animal model", "normalized_title": "the role of 5 ht2a receptors in sleep architecture and memory consolidation in the animal model", "authors": "K. Aleksič", "abstract": "This thesis is concerned with the serotonin system and its influence on sleep and memory consolidation. Psilocybin, a neuroplastic serotonergic psychedelic, has recently been investigated mainly for its therapeutic potential. Sleep changes associated with administration of the nonselective serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin and the selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL100907, or their combination, were monitored using a biotelemetry device 24 hours after their administration in two groups, with and without sleep deprivation. We further investigated how sleep manipulation and occupancy of these receptors affects sleep parameters and whether deprivation or modulation of the receptors affects memory consolidation in behavioral tasks of object place recognition and Morris water maze. Administration of psilocybin and MDL100907 did not alter NREM sleep but did affect wakefulness, REM phase duration, and onset latency of this phase. Unfortunately, behavioral tasks showed no effect of substances or sleep deprivation on memory consolidation. Keywords: memory, sleep, consolidation, 5-HT receptors, psychedelics", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106729", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106729", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Animal model, Memory consolidation, Sleep (system call), Sleep architecture, Consolidation (business), Psychology, Receptor, Computer science, Cognitive science, Architecture, Biology, Neurotransmitter systems, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Sleep and Wakefulness Research, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117962834\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117962834\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121784252\",\"display_name\":\"K. Aleksič\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106729\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7117962834" }, { "id": 2000, "title": "Psilocybin increases connectivity between unimodal and transmodal networks in healthy volunteers listening to music", "normalized_title": "psilocybin increases connectivity between unimodal and transmodal networks in healthy volunteers listening to music", "authors": "M. Benes, D. Gregus, P. Adamek, T. Páleníček, J. Horacek", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106823", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106823", "keywords": "Psychology, Active listening, Psilocybin, Cognitive psychology, Developmental psychology, Social psychology, Cognition, Communication, Affect (linguistics), Audiology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118007847\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118007847\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121820960\",\"display_name\":\"M. Benes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121754529\",\"display_name\":\"D. Gregus\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121829256\",\"display_name\":\"P. Adamek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121832941\",\"display_name\":\"T. Páleníček\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121831014\",\"display_name\":\"J. Horacek\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.106823\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7118007847" }, { "id": 374, "title": "Pharmacological Properties of Psychedelics with a Special Focus on Potential Harms.", "normalized_title": "pharmacological properties of psychedelics with a special focus on potential harms", "authors": "Holze F, Liechti ME, Müller F.", "abstract": "Psychedelics are a group of substances within the heterogeneous class of hallucinogenic drugs. Via binding to the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor, psychedelics exert profound alterations in various mental domains, including sensation, cognition, emotions, and self-perception. Psychedelics comprise phenethylamines (e.g., mescaline), tryptamines (e.g., psilocybin), and ergolines (e.g., LSD). These drugs have been used recreationally for decades but have also regained attention as potential treatments for various psychiatric as well as neurological illnesses. While psychedelics are generally considered to be relatively safe from a physiological standpoint, especially when compared to other recreational drugs, they are not without risks. The main safety concerns are lasting psychological adverse reactions such as persisting anxiety, dissociation, or flashbacks.This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology of classic psychedelics, including their origins, psychological and autonomic effects, interactions, and potential risks and side effects. Furthermore, the origin, dosing, and consumption methods are discussed. It differentiates psychedelics from other psychoactive drugs, such as MDMA and ketamine, and elaborates on their distinct receptor profiles. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the pharmacological underpinnings necessary for understanding the harms caused by psychedelic drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2024_510", "pubmed_id": "39080236", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_510", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Tryptamines, Hallucinogens", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39080236\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Safety,Adverse Events,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 351, "title": "Perceptions of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy and Standard Interventions for Nicotine Cessation", "normalized_title": "perceptions of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy and standard interventions for nicotine cessation", "authors": "Philip Kamilar-Britt, Alyssa B. Oliva, Mitch Earleywine", "abstract": "Nicotine dependence remains a leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions offer modest efficacy with limited long-term success. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is an emerging approach to nicotine cessation with a growing evidence base. As PAP research expands, understanding how nicotine users’ attitudes shape treatment engagement becomes critical. We surveyed daily nicotine users (N = 534) to assess their perceptions and attitudes toward PAP versus standard cessation interventions. Point-biserial correlations and multiple linear regressions examined predictors of treatment interest and credibility. Findings suggest that familiarity with treatment options predicts perceptions of credibility for both interventions (standard: β = 0.16, p", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2025.2607724", "pubmed_id": "41479153", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2607724", "keywords": "Psychological intervention, Nicotine, Credibility, Smoking cessation, Clinical psychology, Perception, Abstinence, Medicine, Nicotine replacement therapy, Nicotine patch, Psychiatry, Psychology, Pharmacotherapy, Psychotherapist, MEDLINE, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Leverage (statistics), Nicotine withdrawal, Craving, Cognitive therapy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117975833\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117975833\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973507463\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984376261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003505468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017152382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043326166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048481507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051346590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055865865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066942101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072500831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075768609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103713205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118061336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129375743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141161236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148690562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168248049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322595507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334838588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2522405542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582406074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2745363322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752986687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765344168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802902398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897974919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2920559226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2986171322\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109765150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124053130\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155481108\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185700361\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213430412\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206560025\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206767983\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210930773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210973137\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220670341\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283275230\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291721232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297518071\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307812812\",\"https://openalex.org/W4364356083\",\"https://openalex.org/W4368358112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382064223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391527378\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412196801\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022903308\",\"display_name\":\"Philip Kamilar-Britt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-1560\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034286806\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa B. Oliva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-0309\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121644930\",\"display_name\":\"Mitch Earleywine\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2607724\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7117975833" }, { "id": 350, "title": "An exploration of the relationships between the effects of psilocybin on behavior, 5-HT2A receptor occupancy, and neuroplastic effects in mice", "normalized_title": "an exploration of the relationships between the effects of psilocybin on behavior 5 ht2a receptor occupancy and neuroplastic effects in mice", "authors": "Connor J. Maltby, Adam K. Klein, Enya Paschen, Jessica Pinto, Dino Dvořák, Joseph R. Hedde, Ashley N. Hanks, Massimiliano Bianchi, Zoe Hughes", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin has shown rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these outcomes remain unclear. AIMS: receptor occupancy (RO) achieved after administration of psilocybin and its effects on behavior and markers of neuroplasticity in mice. METHODS: H]MDL-100,907 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). To relate RO with behavioral outcomes of psilocybin, we assessed the head twitch response (HTR) acutely and investigated behavior in the elevated zero maze (EZM) and forced swim test (FST) 20-24 hours post-drug. Neuroplastic changes were assessed by measuring α-tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) and expression of key synaptic proteins in both the PFC and amygdala. RESULTS: RO (RO₅₀ = 0.88 mg/kg) and an inverted-U dose-response in HTR, with peak effects occurring between ~44% and 62% RO. Behaviorally, a 1.5 mg/kg dose increased the open areas ratio in the EZM, while 3 mg/kg reduced immobility in the FST, 20 and 24 hours after dosing, respectively. Both dose levels shifted α-tubulin PTMs toward a more dynamic microtubule state and selectively increased synaptic marker expression in the PFC, not in the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of psilocybin could be mediated by dose- and region-specific enhancement of neuronal plasticity, with distinct signatures associated with anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251395386", "pubmed_id": "41493065", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251395386", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Receptor, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychology, Central nervous system, Neural activity, Animal model, Synaptic plasticity, Functional connectivity, Long-term potentiation, Premovement neuronal activity, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118979083\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7118979083\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965984522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969328491\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978714931\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979029926\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981549228\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989982790\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996982933\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998939445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001308670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005834172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008172722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008458074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011804248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017867335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019163974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034643906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037066635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054129965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064959533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069027411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074375304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080084877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082303732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083119103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086656730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105815100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129662130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131421588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135744973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155768517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340978269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2484260316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519531315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2583083439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761558601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793459549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808348762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897545107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921683958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045334142\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196195007\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200535840\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294967747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362665646\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381433809\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386355909\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893450\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390589986\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390691843\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391970820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399458649\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400449392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404786984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405695737\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406062303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406403059\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409310214\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057124222\",\"display_name\":\"Connor J. Maltby\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2746-9055\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022631404\",\"display_name\":\"Adam K. Klein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-9324\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030094587\",\"display_name\":\"Enya Paschen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-3889\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122155101\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica Pinto\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082256940\",\"display_name\":\"Dino Dvořák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3884-1393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013053768\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph R. Hedde\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-754X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075277510\",\"display_name\":\"Ashley N. Hanks\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5122047740\",\"display_name\":\"Massimiliano Bianchi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101714115\",\"display_name\":\"Zoe Hughes\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251395386\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7118979083" }, { "id": 349, "title": "The Effect of Magic Mushroom ( Psilocybe azurescens ) on Social Interaction, Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors in Male Rats; the Role of Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neurotrophic Factors", "normalized_title": "the effect of magic mushroom psilocybe azurescens on social interaction anxiety and depressive like behaviors in male rats the role of neuroinflammation oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors", "authors": "Hediye Moghadam, Parisa Akbari, Elmira Beirami, Samaneh Nabavifard, Akram Ameli, Neda Valian", "abstract": "Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, strongly affect mood, cognition, and behavior. Psilocybe azurescens is a species of psilocybin mushrooms that contains the main active compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Psilocybin mushrooms have been used since ancient times to improve the quality of life. However, their adverse effects have been less studied. This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the effect of oral consumption of P. azurescens on social behavior, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats. The underlying mechanisms of these behaviors were also studied. Male Wistar rats received three doses of P. azurescens (10, 100, and 250 mg/kg) by gavage every other day for 14 days. Social interaction, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors were assessed using the three-chamber, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests, respectively. Protein levels of neurotrophic (BDNF and GDNF), neuroinflammatory (IL-6 and TNFα), and oxidative stress (ROS and SOD) factors were measured in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and amygdala by ELISA technique. The results showed that P. azurescens significantly increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and disrupted social interaction behavior in rats. These effects were accompanied by increased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and decreased neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus, PFC, and amygdala. This study suggests that the high doses of P. azurescens can cause mood disorders by increasing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and decreasing the expression of neurotrophic factors.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience Research", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/jnr.70107", "pubmed_id": "41493855", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70107", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Oxidative stress, Neurotrophic factors, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Endocrinology, Neurotrophin, Mood, Amygdala, Prefrontal cortex, Internal medicine, Psychology, Social behavior, Neuroinflammation, Mood disorders, Adverse effect, Pharmacology, Ginseng, Medicine, TLR4, Chemistry, Oxidative phosphorylation, Neuroscience, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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Moghadam\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061375725\",\"display_name\":\"Parisa Akbari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065235874\",\"display_name\":\"Elmira Beirami\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-8382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065309633\",\"display_name\":\"Samaneh Nabavifard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-1127\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054131053\",\"display_name\":\"Akram Ameli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008998208\",\"display_name\":\"Neda Valian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-4325\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S76417895\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70107\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Oxidative Stress,Toxicity,Drug Interactions,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7119167790" }, { "id": 345, "title": "Single-dose psilocybin promotes cell-type-specific changes of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex", "normalized_title": "single dose psilocybin promotes cell type specific changes of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex", "authors": "Ziran Huang, Xiaoyan Wei, Yihui Wang, Jin Tian, Jihui Dong, Bo Liang, Lin Lu, Wen Zhang", "abstract": "Abstract Recent clinical breakthroughs hold great promise for the application of psilocybin in the treatments of psychological disorders, such as depression, addiction, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psilocybin is a psychedelic whose metabolite, psilocin, is a 5-HT2A receptor agonist. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms for the effects of psilocybin on the brain are not fully illustrated, and cell type-specific and circuit effects of psilocybin are not fully understood. Here, we combined single-nucleus RNA-seq with functional assays to study the long-term effects of psilocybin on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of male mouse, a brain region vulnerable to psychological disorders such as depression. We found that a single dose of psilocybin induced long-term genetic and functional changes in neurons of the OFC, and the layer 5 pyramidal neurons showed the most significant changes. The layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the OFC showed reduced expressions of glutamate receptors and the gene expressions of multiple intercellular signaling pathways involved in the excitatory synapse formation and maintenance after psilocybin injection, which was consistent with the decreased excitatory synaptic transmission of these neurons. Meanwhile, both Parvalbumin- and Somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons of the OFC showed meager changes after psilocybin injection. Furthermore, knockdown of 5-HT2A receptor in the layer 5 pyramidal neurons but not the Parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons abated psilocybin-induced functional changes and the anti-depressant effect. Together, these results showed the cell type-specific mechanisms of psilocybin and shed light on the brain region difference in the effect of psychedelics.", "journal": "Neurotherapeutics", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00841", "pubmed_id": "41620327", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00841", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Hallucinogen, Pyramidal cell, Glutamate receptor, Neurotransmission, Biology, Synapse, Orbitofrontal cortex, Chemistry, Neuron, Cortex (anatomy), Biological neural network, Slice preparation, Premovement neuronal activity, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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Huang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111225788\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaoyan Wei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121420334\",\"display_name\":\"Yihui Wang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017727139\",\"display_name\":\"Jin Tian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3685-2435\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109731207\",\"display_name\":\"Jihui Dong\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015724534\",\"display_name\":\"Bo Liang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-2481\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124536667\",\"display_name\":\"Lin Lu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124517455\",\"display_name\":\"Wen Zhang\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S75519821\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neurotherapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00841\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7126381155" }, { "id": 340, "title": "New Antidepressant Development in the Treatment of Depression.", "normalized_title": "new antidepressant development in the treatment of depression", "authors": "Spiti A, Caldirola D, Perna G.", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) continues to pose a major therapeutic challenge due to its clinical heterogeneity. This chapter looks at the development of antidepressant treatments, starting with early interventions such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Although these treatments targeted the monoaminergic system, they had significant limitations in terms of safety and efficacy. The introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) improved tolerability but left unmet needs, particularly in terms of treatment resistance and side effects. In response, research has expanded beyond monoamines and focused on new mechanisms. A breakthrough came with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as ketamine and esketamine, which achieved fast-acting effects and shifted the focus to glutamatergic modulation. Other developments in this area include modulators such as partial agonists, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). In addition, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation has gained attention, with neurosteroids such as zurolone (approved for postpartum depression [PPD]) representing a new therapeutic approach. Other new strategies target the opioid system, particularly kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism, whose role in the treatment of anhedonia and depression is being investigated. Psychedelics, including psilocybin, have come back into focus as potential treatments due to their ability to elicit rapid and sustained antidepressant effects via agonism of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A), although their efficacy and safety require further research. In addition, innovative treatments targeting orexin, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and members of the Q subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels (KCNQ) are also in development. Despite these advances, some challenges remain. These include diagnostic heterogeneity, incomplete understanding of neurobiological mechanisms, limitations of preclinical models, lack of reliable biomarkers, and economic obstacles. Future advances could be driven by artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery, optimize clinical trials, and personalize treatments for patients.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_23", "pubmed_id": "42036580", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-6872-7_23", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Antidepressive Agents, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Drug Development, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"42036580\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 323, "title": "[Clinical application and mechanistic studies of psychedelics for treatment of depression: progress and future challenges].", "normalized_title": "clinical application and mechanistic studies of psychedelics for treatment of depression progress and future challenges", "authors": "Xia K, Gao T.", "abstract": "Depression is a complex and globally prevalent mental disorder, for which conventional antidepressant medications face limitations such as delayed onset and insufficient efficacy. Classic psychedelics, most notably psilocybin, have recently emerged as promising candidates for treatment of depression and demonstrated rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects in controlled clinical settings. Their unique mechanisms of action and clinical prospects have become a key research focus in psychiatry and neuroscience. This review synthesizes the latest advances in the field over the past 5 years. Results from multiple randomized controlled trials indicate that a single or limited number of sessions of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy can induce rapid and durable antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. At the mechanistic level, psychedelics rapidly promote the release of neurotrophic factors, enhance neuroplasticity, and facilitate brain network reorganization, thereby creating a critical \"neuroplastic window\" for psychotherapeutic intervention. However, the specific molecular and circuit-level mechanisms have not been fully understood with ongoing debate primarily over the 5-HT2A receptor-dependent hypothesis versus the TrkB neurotrophic pathway-dependent hypothesis. Despite the promising outlook, translational applications of these substances faces several key challenges, including psychedelic-related risks, incomplete mechanistic understanding, lack of standardized treatment protocols, and insufficient long-term safety data. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, developing non-hallucinogenic derivatives, establishing standardized treatment frameworks, and identifying precise biomarkers to advance this therapeutic approach toward safer, more standardized, and personalized clinical implementation.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.01", "pubmed_id": "41540686", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.01", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41540686\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 176, "title": "Psilocybin elicits a conserved glucocorticoid-responsive gene signature across five 5-HT2A receptor-rich brain regions in rat", "normalized_title": "psilocybin elicits a conserved glucocorticoid responsive gene signature across five 5 ht2a receptor rich brain regions in rat", "authors": "Ashkan Veysi, Daniela Atanasovski, Maryam Ardalan, Nasrin Motamed, Elias Eriksson", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Psychedelics such as psilocybin are known for their hallucinogenic properties and have also been reported to produce long-lasting therapeutic effects in depression and possibly also other psychiatric disorders. Several lines of evidence suggest that psilocybin exerts its effects through activation of 5-HT2A receptors located postsynaptically to serotonergic neurons, for example, in the frontal cortex, parts of the limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, and striatum. The present study was conducted to shed further light on psilocybin-induced changes in gene expression. METHOD: Samples from the medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum were collected from 24 male Wistar rats 90 min after they had been injected with either saline or psilocybin (2 mg/kg) and subjected to multi-region transcriptional profiling using 3prime-RNASeq technology. RESULTS: were differentially expressed in two regions. Other cases of differentially expressed genes were region-specific. CONCLUSION: Whereas psilocybin was not found to alter the expression of genes encoding enzymes, transporters, or receptors implicated in the serotonergic signalling, or those specifically involved in the regulation of the synaptic activity of other neurotransmitters, a common denominator for many of the genes impacted by psilocybin is that they have previously been found to be activated by glucocorticoids.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatrica", "publication_date": "2025-12-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1017/neu.2026.10075", "pubmed_id": "41958297", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2026.10075", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Biology, Gene, Neuroscience, Genetics, Signature (topology), Hallucinogen, Receptor, Cell biology, Gene expression, Transcriptome, Regulation of gene expression, Serotonin, 5-HT2A receptor, Encoding (memory), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7153263780\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7153263780\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133360756\",\"display_name\":\"Ashkan Veysi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069714315\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Atanasovski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057002336\",\"display_name\":\"Maryam Ardalan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-1584\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5133369913\",\"display_name\":\"Nasrin Motamed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089573141\",\"display_name\":\"Elias Eriksson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-2046\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S173281865\",\"source_display_name\":\"Acta Neuropsychiatrica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2026.10075\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7153263780" }, { "id": 3017, "title": "Psilocybin as a Serotonergic Therapy in Epilepsy: Narrative Review of Therapeutic Potentials and Seizure Risks", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a serotonergic therapy in epilepsy narrative review of therapeutic potentials and seizure risks", "authors": "Miguel Benjamín Cervera-Sánchez, Daniel San-Juan, Roberto Díaz-Peregrino, Evelin Zulema Camacho-Castillo, Sthefany Anahi Bringas-Ortiz, Christian Padilla-Cabezutd", "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin has shown promise in neuropsychiatric disorders but presents a paradoxical relationship with seizures and epilepsy. Methods: A narrative review was conducted up to November 23, 2025. We conducted structured literature searches across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science. and Google Scholar using MeSH terms and keywords to identify studies on psilocybin, magic mushrooms, or psilocin related to seizures or epilepsy. We also covered our research on serotonergic modulation and epilepsy. We selected a set of core studies directly addressing the research question and additional publications providing mechanistic and contextual evidence for the narrative synthesis. The Risk of Bias of the studies was assessed according to their type. Results: Experimental models demonstrate that psilocybin’s action on 5-HT2A receptors may confer anticonvulsant effects, reducing seizure severity in certain contexts. Preclinical findings support serotonergic modulation as a therapeutic strategy, notably in Dravet syndrome models. However, observational studies report seizures associated with recreational psilocybin use, raising concerns about its pro-convulsant potential, particularly outside controlled environments. Our risk of bias assessment of this evidence revealed significant methodological limitations, urging a cautious interpretation. Nevertheless, clinical trials in neuropsychiatric populations have not shown increased seizure risks under medical supervision. Conclusions: Psilocybin holds potential as a novel adjunctive therapy for epilepsy through selective serotonergic modulation, although conflicting data emphasize the caution with which psilocybin should be implemented clinically, especially in high doses. Animal studies and clinical trials in the future should verify the efficacy and safety of psilocybin in the treatment of epilepsy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-12-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.22541/au.176701186.65064859/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176701186.65064859/v1", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Narrative review, Serotonergic, Medicine, Narrative, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Epilepsy, Hallucinogen, Review article, MEDLINE, Obsessive compulsive, Depression (economics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117461912\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117461912\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114582204\",\"display_name\":\"Miguel Benjamín Cervera-Sánchez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121441793\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel San-Juan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077433028\",\"display_name\":\"Roberto Díaz-Peregrino\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-2874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117633819\",\"display_name\":\"Evelin Zulema Camacho-Castillo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117464135\",\"display_name\":\"Sthefany Anahi Bringas-Ortiz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121481342\",\"display_name\":\"Christian Padilla-Cabezutd\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176701186.65064859/v1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Observational Study,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7117461912" }, { "id": 3043, "title": "Psilocybin decreases reward-seeking behavior accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex", "normalized_title": "psilocybin decreases reward seeking behavior accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex", "authors": "Houff J, Williams A, Allen O, Gisabella B, Pantazopoulos H, Del Arco A.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Choice impulsivity is a value-based decision-making bias that predicts drug-intake escalation and is commonly associated with SUDs. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) regulates choice impulsivity and is enriched with 5-HT2A receptors that mediate effects of psilocybin. We hypothesized that psilocybin has long-term (≥48 hours) effects on choice impulsivity in association with dmPFC inhibitory interneurons with perineuronal nets (PNNs). Male Long Evans rats were trained in a delay discounting task (DDT) where rats chose between delayed large rewards (LR) and immediate small rewards (SR). 48 hours after psilocybin or vehicle injections, DDT was assessed, and rats’ brains processed for microscopy analysis of extracellular matrix (PNNs) together with inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and c-fos as a marker of neuronal activity. Psilocybin acutely increased head-twitch responses. Psilocybin decreased LR choices and increased the latency to LR choices 48 hours after administration. These effects were independent of delay and therefore not consistent with changes in impulsivity. Psilocybin also increased the density of PNN+PV+cFos triple-labeled neurons in the dmPFC. These results suggest that psilocybin decreases reward seeking through the increased activation of dmPFC PV interneurons with PNNs.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-12-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.64898/2025.12.22.696123", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.12.22.696123", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1230007\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 380, "title": "Psychedelics as a Therapeutic Opportunity or Threat: A Narrative Review", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as a therapeutic opportunity or threat a narrative review", "authors": "Paweł Liszka, Agata Ogórek, Klaudia M Olejnik-Chlewicka, Konrad Puchalski, Marta Zasiadła, Klaudia M Patrzykąt, Jakub Perediatkiewicz, Wojciech Urbański, Paweł M Łuczak, Jakub Brodowski", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics and related substances, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), have again become a focus of interest in psychiatry as potential therapeutic tools. The aim of this paper is to review current data on their mechanisms of action, clinical applications in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, addictions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as to assess safety, drug interactions and long-term complications. Studies indicate that psychedelics act mainly through stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptors, induction of neuroplastic changes and modification of functional brain networks, which may facilitate changes in entrenched cognitive and emotional patterns. Randomized clinical trials with psilocybin have shown a rapid and sustained reduction of depressive symptoms, including in populations with treatment-resistant depression and cancer patients, as well as promising results in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. MDMA, when combined with psychotherapy, has demonstrated substantial therapeutic potential in the treatment of PTSD. The literature indicates that particular caution is required when using these substances in therapy because of the risk of acute and chronic adverse reactions and potential drug interactions, including with serotonergic agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The available findings confirm a substantial, though still only partly explored, therapeutic potential of classic psychedelics and MDMA. At the same time, they emphasize the need for strict control of \"set and setting\", careful patient selection, further multicentre studies with greater statistical power and longer follow-up before these interventions can be incorporated into routine clinical practice.", "journal": "Cureus", "publication_date": "2025-12-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.99942", "pubmed_id": "41583322", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.99942", "keywords": "Medicine, Psilocybin, Anxiety, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Mood, Narrative review, Addiction, Clinical trial, Psychological intervention, Depression (economics), Adverse effect, Distress, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Randomized controlled trial, Clinical psychology, Serotonergic, Cognition, Psychopharmacology, MEDLINE, Alcohol use disorder, Arousal, Systematic review, Mood disorders, Hypnosis, Therapeutic approach, Intervention (counseling), Bipolar disorder, Major depressive disorder, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7116864166\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7116864166\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2704181554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2785254539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790481213\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206965048\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224106670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387264560\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388574768\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388827052\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404543186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414162243\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121046063\",\"display_name\":\"Paweł Liszka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121026400\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Ogórek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121104020\",\"display_name\":\"Klaudia M Olejnik-Chlewicka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121091560\",\"display_name\":\"Konrad Puchalski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121124219\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Zasiadła\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121120616\",\"display_name\":\"Klaudia M Patrzykąt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121109594\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Perediatkiewicz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121108319\",\"display_name\":\"Wojciech Urbański\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121064760\",\"display_name\":\"Paweł M Łuczak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121101891\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Brodowski\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2738950867\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cureus\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.99942\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7116864166" }, { "id": 3052, "title": "Psilocybin modulates social behaviour in male and female mice in a time-dependent manner", "normalized_title": "psilocybin modulates social behaviour in male and female mice in a time dependent manner", "authors": "Shadani S, McCoy K, Ong L, Greaves E, Conn K, Andrews ZB, Foldi CJ.", "abstract": "With the resurgence of psychedelic research and the growing interest in their therapeutic potential, there is an urgent need to understand how these compounds act across biological sexes. Despite widespread interest in their use for conditions marked by social impairments, including depression, anxiety, and anorexia nervosa, the influence of sex as a biological variable (SABV) on the prosocial effects of psychedelics remains poorly understood. Indeed, enhanced connectedness, sociability and empathy are common outcomes of psychedelic use and these have shaped human social structures for millennia. Here, we investigated the sex-specific effects of a single dose of psilocybin (1.5 mg/kg) in C57BL/6J mice on various aspects of social behaviours. We show an intriguing connection between huddling behaviour and body temperature acutely elicited by psilocybin that was restricted to females. We also observe temporally distinct patterns of social behaviour alterations in female mice, whereby enhanced preference for social novelty was observed after acute effects subsided (4 h post-administration), which was maintained for ∼24 h. Longer-term, the impact of psilocybin was reversed and promoted preference for familiar over novel conspecifics when assessed 7d post-administration, which was associated with prolonged nucleus accumbens dopamine signalling during familiar sniffing. In males, psilocybin reduced stress-related behaviours at 24 h and increased preference for familiar conspecifics, along with blunted novelty-evoked dopamine responses at both 24 h and 7 days post-treatment. Both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors were involved in modulating these behaviours, though in sex-specific ways. These findings highlight that the prosocial effects of psychedelics are not universal and emphasize the importance of sex-informed approaches in both preclinical research and clinical application. Graphical Abstract", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-12-21", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.64898/2025.12.18.695064", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.12.18.695064", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1229283\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 344, "title": "Magic mushrooms and mood: exploring Psilocybin as a depression treatment", "normalized_title": "magic mushrooms and mood exploring psilocybin as a depression treatment", "authors": "M. Haseeb Ul Rasool, Taha Hannan, Muhammad Imam", "abstract": "Dear Editor, In view of ongoing global research on mental health, especially Major Depressive Disorder, we would like to draw attention to a psychedelic substance, Psilocybin, which has been emerging as a viable treatment option for MDD. Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound derived from certain mushrooms that acts on Serotonergic receptors (primarily 5HT-2A). Psychedelic substances have psychological effects, i.e., hallucinations, euphoria, and altered perception (1). Studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of disorders like ‘Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)’, and ‘Treatment-Resistant Depression’. Recently, the FDA gave ‘breakthrough’ therapy status to a psilocybin treatment developed by London-based biotechnology company ‘Compass Pathways Ltd’ as stated in (2).", "journal": "Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association", "publication_date": "2025-12-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.47391/jpma.30858", "pubmed_id": "41736353", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.30858", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Serotonergic, Depression (economics), Psychotherapist, Major depressive disorder, Obsessive compulsive, MAGIC (telescope), Perception, Medicine, Psychological therapy, Depressive symptoms, Altered state, Cognition, Clinical psychology, Pharmacology, Mental health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117257845\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117257845\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073484313\",\"display_name\":\"M. Haseeb Ul Rasool\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109551135\",\"display_name\":\"Taha Hannan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087310560\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Imam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-6964\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S26751084\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.30858\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7117257845" }, { "id": 4196, "title": "From fungi to pharmacy: Applied technologies in psilocybin production and its therapeutic applications", "normalized_title": "from fungi to pharmacy applied technologies in psilocybin production and its therapeutic applications", "authors": "Qinqing Chen, Peiyuan Chen, Tao Wei, Sunita Chamyuang, Bai-Xiong Chen", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid found in over 200 species of fungi, has emerged as a focal point in the modern revival of psychedelic science. Once relegated to the margins of psychopharmacology due to its association with counterculture and strict legal restrictions, psilocybin is now undergoing a scientific renaissance. This transformation is driven by its unique pharmacological profile and promising therapeutic potential across a range of psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on psilocybin, covering its natural biosynthetic pathways, production technologies, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. We first introduced its four-enzyme synthesis pathway in Psilocybe fungi and explored how synthetic biology can revolutionize its production methods through microbial heterologous expression. Pharmacologically, psilocybin acts as a prodrug that is converted in vivo into its active metabolite, dephosphorylated psilocybin (psilocin), which functions as a partial agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor. This activates neuroplasticity pathways such as BDNF and mTOR, thereby producing rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Despite its therapeutic promise, significant challenges remain. These include methodological limitations such as functional unblinding in clinical trials, lack of diversity in study populations, and evolving regulatory frameworks. Looking forward, the integration of precision psychiatry, synthetic biology, and novel trial designs will be critical in translating psilocybin from a promising compound into a mainstream therapeutic agent. This review aims to provide a foundational understanding of psilocybin’s scientific basis and its potential to reshape modern psychiatric care, we uniquely bridge the gap between upstream biosynthetic engineering and downstream clinical efficacy, providing a holistic roadmap for the drug’s development from fungi to pharmacy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Microbial biosynthesis enables scalable, high-titer psilocybin production. Therapeutic action is driven by 5-HT2A receptor-mediated neuroplasticity. Demonstrates rapid and sustained antidepressant efficacy in clinical trials.", "journal": "Creative Science", "publication_date": "2025-12-18", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.55674/cs.v18i1.264689", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.55674/cs.v18i1.264689", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychopharmacology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Drug discovery, Antidepressant, Biology, Medicine, Prodrug, Computational biology, Pharmaceutical industry, Therapeutic modalities, Review article, Bodywork, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7116104340\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7116104340\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Qinqing Chen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Peiyuan Chen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Tao Wei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Sunita Chamyuang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Bai-Xiong Chen\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387285996\",\"source_display_name\":\"Creative Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.55674/cs.v18i1.264689\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7116104340" }, { "id": 3044, "title": "Wherefore the magic? The evolutionary role of psilocybin in nature", "normalized_title": "wherefore the magic the evolutionary role of psilocybin in nature", "authors": "Matthews Nicholass K, Flis I, Hanley M, Knight M, Lane S, Littlejohn G, Thom M, Billington R, Boden R, Cummins R, Green B, Griffin C, Jones S, Salmon D, Sleep I, Smirnoff N, Ellis J.", "abstract": "Research into psychedelic compounds is in resurgence due to the exciting potential for their use in the treatment of psychiatric and mental health disorders. Despite this revival, remarkably little is known about their evolution. One of the most intriguing psychedelic compounds is psilocybin, the compound found in ‘magic’ mushrooms and used in ritual ceremonies in Central America for generations. Associated with agaricomycete fungi of the genus Psilocybe, psilocybin acts in a similar way to the neurotransmitter serotonin, yet how and why natural selection favoured its biosynthesis remains unclear. Given the resemblance to serotonin, modulation of invertebrate behaviour for defence is a likely explanation, but neither this nor alternative hypotheses have ever been formally tested. Here, we show that Drosophila larvae exposed to extracts from Psilocybe mushrooms exhibit reduced survival, pupation rates, and inhibited locomotion. Adults exposed during development show reduced thorax and wing size, along with increased fluctuating asymmetry, indicating developmental stress. Conversely, mutants lacking 5HT2A receptors showed the same response to Psilocybe extracts as wild-type flies. Furthermore, DNA metabarcoding revealed that while Psilocybe semilanceata demonstrates a distinct invertebrate community compared to most other grassland fungi, it overlapped with the non-psychedelic species Mycena epipterygia. This study provides a crucial first step toward understanding the evolutionary role of psilocybin-producing fungi and provides a grounding for future research into the molecular mechanisms, ecological interactions and evolutionary origins of psychedelic compounds in nature.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-12-18", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.64898/2025.12.17.694186", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.12.17.694186", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1230910\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4201, "title": "Preadministration of Lorazepam Negates the Long-Term Antidepressant-Like Effects of Psilocybin in Male Wistar Kyoto Rats", "normalized_title": "preadministration of lorazepam negates the long term antidepressant like effects of psilocybin in male wistar kyoto rats", "authors": "Sophie Woodruff, Meghan Hibicke, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Introduction:Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has shown to produce persistent antidepressant effects, including in patients with treatment-resistant depression. In clinical practice, it is common to coprescribe benzodiazepines (BZDs) alongside antidepressants. However, our preliminary study indicated that preadministration of lorazepam diminished the antidepressant-like efficacy and longevity of psilocin. These results raise concern about the potential reduction of therapeutic benefits in psilocybin-assisted therapy for patients concurrently prescribed BZDs. The current study aimed to confirm these results while exploring psilocybin’s long-term effects on neuroplasticity-related gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex. Methods:Male Wistar Kyoto rats were given saline (S/S), lorazepam (L/S), psilocybin (S/P), or lorazepam followed by psilocybin (L/P). Treatments were delivered as two intraperitoneal injections separated by 30 min. Rats were tested in the forced swim test at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks post-treatment. Tissue punches from the anterior cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex (PL), and infralimbic cortex were collected for quantitative PCR analysis of 17 targets normalized to Ywhaz. Results:S/P rats exhibited sustained antidepressant-like effects for up to 9 weeks compared with control (S/S). L/P rats did not exhibit antidepressant-like effects at any time point, similarly to S/S. Lorazepam was associated with a decrease in Gria3 expression, and psilocybin was associated with an increase in Gria4 expression at 12 weeks post-treatment in the PL. Conclusions:Psilocybin produced long-lasting antidepressant-like effects, and administration of a BZD prior to psilocybin prevented these effects. Two genes were altered in response to treatment; however, their implications in antidepressant-like effects remain elusive.", "journal": "Psychedelic Medicine", "publication_date": "2025-12-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/28314425251393186", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/28314425251393186", "keywords": "Lorazepam, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Prefrontal cortex, Anesthesia, Anterior cingulate cortex, Infralimbic cortex, Medicine, Saline, Antidepressant, Psychology, Cingulate cortex, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Intraperitoneal injection, Cortex (anatomy), Serotonin, Elevated plus maze, Chemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7116737777\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7116737777\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1941293036\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966625400\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971347175\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972114409\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993689807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008575691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012077435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027917639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029009210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044993165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087404956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089299823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094297227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094655258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111990860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131360673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131658919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139121184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2527749820\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2601818980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624504638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2740449411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795284621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801290777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809546062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898344414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911145260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933289315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948487620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955918581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964824489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994049374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007694136\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049710029\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082674901\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093084992\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108229983\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175615431\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178494086\",\"https://openalex.org/W3181088612\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204635266\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211023054\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213145592\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231648787\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367677622\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385230722\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386477854\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392231460\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400569737\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120995073\",\"display_name\":\"Sophie Woodruff\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelic Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/28314425251393186\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Longevity,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7116737777" }, { "id": 4200, "title": "Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (Pat): A New Frontier in Mental Health Treatment", "normalized_title": "psychedelic assisted therapy pat a new frontier in mental health treatment", "authors": "M. H. M. Wickramasekara, G. D. M. C. Gonapaladeniya", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has emerged as a promising and innovative approach to treating a range of mental health disorders, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders. Once sidelined due to regulatory bans and social stigma, psychedelics such as psilocybin, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ketamine are now the focus of rigorous clinical investigation. This review explores the mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, clinical evidence, ethical considerations, and future directions for psychedelic-assisted therapies. Although the general concepts of PAT are well described in literature, this paper highlights emerging evidence from recent trials (2020-2024), discusses ongoing debates on safety and regulation, and identifies underexplored populations such as older adults. Thus, this review contributes a contemporary synthesis focusing on evidence gaps and future research priorities.", "journal": "˜The œjournal of desk research review and analysis.", "publication_date": "2025-12-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.4038/jdrra.v3i2.87", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4038/jdrra.v3i2.87", "keywords": "Mental health, Frontier, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical trial, Ethical issues, Medicine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Mental illness, Drug trial, Focus (optics), Public health, Alternative medicine, MEDLINE, Clinical psychology, Substance use, Viewpoints, Engineering ethics, Psychological therapy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:37", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7115587785\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7115587785\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"M. H. M. Wickramasekara\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9741-7183\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"G. D. M. C. Gonapaladeniya\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-1198\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404660664\",\"source_display_name\":\"˜The œjournal of desk research review and analysis.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4038/jdrra.v3i2.87\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Older Adults,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7115587785" }, { "id": 3437, "title": "Feasibility Phase 2 Study of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Opioid-Refractory Pain in Patients With Advanced Cancer", "normalized_title": "feasibility phase 2 study of psilocybin assisted therapy for opioid refractory pain in patients with advanced cancer", "authors": "Yvan Beaussant, MD, MSci", "abstract": "The overall objective of this study is to assess the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy to alleviate opioid-refractory pain in patients with advanced-cancer. The name of the study intervention used in this research study is: Psilocybin (a tryptamine derivative) This study is a phase 2 open label, single center, concurrent mixed-methods trial to assess the feasibility of a novel palliative-care informed psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy regimen to alleviate opioid-refractory pain in patients with advanced-cancer. Psilocybin works on the serotonin system in the brain which is linked to the regulation of mood, motivation and impulse control. Psilocybin is an \"Investigational\" drug, meaning that the study drug has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for any disease. However, investigators have permission from the FDA to use this drug in this research study. The research study procedures include screening for eligibility, an electrocardiogram, blood tests, and the study intervention includes preparation, evaluations, one psilocybin session and follow up visits. Participants will be followed for up to 12 weeks (approximately 3 months) after receiving the study treatment. It is expected that about 15 people will take part in this research study. Filament Health is supporting this research study by providing the study investigational medication, psilocybin. Cy Biopharma and Pancreatic Cancer North America are supporting this research study by providing funding.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-12-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06001749", "keywords": "Opioid-Related Disorders, Pain Management, Pain Management and Care, Advanced Cancer, Advanced Cancers, Psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06001749\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 328, "title": "Advances in Psychedelic Therapeutics: Multimodal Iboga Analogs, EEG-Guided Psilocybin Dosing, and Optimized Harmine-DMT Formulations", "normalized_title": "advances in psychedelic therapeutics multimodal iboga analogs eeg guided psilocybin dosing and optimized harmine dmt formulations", "authors": "Anna C. Renner, Robert B. Kargbo", "abstract": "Emerging psychedelic therapeutics increasingly rely on mechanistic precision, receptor selectivity, and pharmacokinetic control. Recent inventions introduce simplified iboga analogs with tunable polypharmacology, real-time EEG biomarkers that individualize psilocybin dosing, and standardized harmine-DMT ratios with high bioavailability. Together, these innovations form a coherent framework for safer, more reliable, and clinically actionable psychedelic medicines.", "journal": "ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters", "publication_date": "2025-12-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00714", "pubmed_id": "41531985", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00714", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Computer science, Electroencephalography, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Investigational Drugs, Psychology, MEDLINE, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417363285\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417363285\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4406403059\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406599518\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406930915\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408808337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412555614\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414267802\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085143294\",\"display_name\":\"Anna C. Renner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-9609\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090796568\",\"display_name\":\"Robert B. Kargbo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-6343\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S191852912\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00714\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4417363285" }, { "id": 293, "title": "Psychedelic experiences elicited by serotonergic psychedelics: Molecular mechanisms and functional connectivity changes in the brain.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic experiences elicited by serotonergic psychedelics molecular mechanisms and functional connectivity changes in the brain", "authors": "Vollebregt R, Storm AEM, Lucassen PJ, Somers M.", "abstract": "Classical psychedelics, like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and psilocybin, can alter perception, emotion, and cognition, and have shown promise as 're-purposed' treatments for some psychiatric disorders. Recent trials have, e.g., demonstrated rapid and sustained symptom relief in treatment-resistant depression. While promising as a treatment, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying both the subjective and clinical effects remain incompletely understood. Also, their broader influence on (intra) cellular processes, neural circuits, and brain-wide connectivity is less well documented. Here, we review the molecular and network-level alterations induced by classical serotonergic psychedelics through a systematic review of experimental and (pre)clinical studies from 1990 onward. We focus on the short-term impact on receptor activity, intracellular signaling, and functional brain connectivity underlying the psychedelic experience. Most psychedelics primarily act as serotonin 5-HT₂A receptor agonists, initiating intracellular signaling pathways that modulate neuroplasticity, glutamate release, and cortical excitability. Psychedelics disrupt functional network connectivity, particularly within the default mode network, while enhancing global integration across brain regions. These effects are associated with subjective experiences of 'ego dissolution' and altered perception, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects. This review synthesizes findings at the molecular and systems level and their interaction during the psychedelic state. While no single model explains all effects, several overlapping theories begin to bridge receptor-level activity with large-scale brain connectivity changes. Improving our understanding of their neurobiological basis may help clarify how psychedelics act and allows for more tailored opportunities to enhance their therapeutic effects and clinical application in a stratified manner.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-12-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106529", "pubmed_id": "41412413", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106529", "keywords": "Brain, Nerve Net, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41412413\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Emotional Processing,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 394, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: protocol for an open-label pilot study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder protocol for an open label pilot study", "authors": "Nicole Ledwos, Jenna Baer, Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Daniel M. Blumberger, Rachel Patterson, Elizabeth Hollingdrake, Ezmond S.L. Cheung, Colin Hawco, Christoph Zrenner, Brigitte Zrenner, Jamie D. Feusner, Susan L. Rossell, David Castle, Gwyneth Zai", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental disorder commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotic augmentation and cognitive-behavioural therapy. However, up to 60% of people with OCD do not respond to these treatments. Therefore, a novel intervention, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP), is an option of interest. Moreover, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underpinning PAP's effect on OCD symptoms. AIMS: We aimed to (a) establish the feasibility, tolerability and safety of administering PAP to adults with treatment-resistant OCD; (b) provide preliminary data on the clinical effects of PAP for treatment-resistant OCD, to inform the design of larger clinical trials; and (c) compare neuroimaging and neurophysiological markers pre- and post-PAP in treatment-resistant OCD. METHOD: In this 12-week open-label trial, ten adults with treatment-resistant OCD will receive one 25 mg dose of psilocybin combined with psychological support. Feasibility, tolerability and safety will be assessed throughout. Clinical outcomes will be measured with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Exploratory measures will include brain imaging examining changes in dynamic connectivity from pre to post treatment, electroencephalogram to investigate changes in brain dynamics associated with psilocybin under acute conditions, and transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalogram measures between baseline, provocation of OCD symptoms and up to 1-week post-dose. RESULTS: The study will provide important preliminary data on the feasibility and efficacy of PAP in adults with treatment-resistant OCD, as well as inform our understanding of neurobiological mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study will inform the design of larger randomised controlled trials and advance the field of psychedelic-assisted therapies.", "journal": "BJPsych Open", "publication_date": "2025-12-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1192/bjo.2025.10895", "pubmed_id": "41392767", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.10895", "keywords": "Protocol (science), Psychotherapist, Psychology, Pilot trial, Field (mathematics), Research design, Medicine, Intervention (counseling), Randomized controlled trial, Clinical trial, Data collection, Applied psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417362478\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417362478\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W200847362\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991771535\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008066608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086030840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087854982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092586569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100202859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113226993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122126648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123722617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132322340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148083007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149025975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306891185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596797494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788732613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890759366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938471378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984198212\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110345791\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134642859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308485018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361279088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390586775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404286681\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407181198\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051154946\",\"display_name\":\"Nicole Ledwos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-3313\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066478925\",\"display_name\":\"Jenna Baer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078217449\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Ishrat Husain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-5750\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003880874\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel M. Blumberger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-5818\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080940430\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel Patterson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-4178\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054311601\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Hollingdrake\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033889902\",\"display_name\":\"Ezmond S.L. Cheung\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7546-0817\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087321752\",\"display_name\":\"Colin Hawco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-4119\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070264725\",\"display_name\":\"Christoph Zrenner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-6923\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017656175\",\"display_name\":\"Brigitte Zrenner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040702751\",\"display_name\":\"Jamie D. Feusner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-345X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073606057\",\"display_name\":\"Susan L. Rossell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-8252\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052884442\",\"display_name\":\"David Castle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-1580\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104046382\",\"display_name\":\"Gwyneth Zai\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764831659\",\"source_display_name\":\"BJPsych Open\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.10895\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4417362478" }, { "id": 201, "title": "The effect of dextromethorphan on reward-related behaviors: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.", "normalized_title": "the effect of dextromethorphan on reward related behaviors a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence", "authors": "Teopiz KM, Le GH, Wong S, McIntyre RS.", "abstract": "IntroductionExtant literature suggests that anhedonia, defined as a loss of the ability to feel pleasure or interest, is subserved by dysregulation of reward processing in the central nervous system. Dextromethorphan (DXM), an uncompetitive N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and sigma-1 (σ1) receptor agonist, is a glutamatergic modulator with antidepressant properties. The effect of DXM on reward-related outcomes remains inadequately characterized. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of extant literature reporting on the effects of DXM on reward-related behaviors in both preclinical and clinical studies.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted on online databases (PubMed, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science) of published articles from inception to January 2025. Preclinical and clinical studies that reported on the effect of DXM on reward outcomes were assessed.ResultsPreclinical studies (n = 13) indicate that administration of DXM attenuates reward-seeking behavior in rats as measured primarily by performance in the conditioned place preference test and behavioral sensitization. In a single human study (n = 1) evaluating DXM in healthy participants (n = 20), self-reported drug-liking for DXM (400 mg/70 kg) was significantly lower in comparison to psilocybin (20 mg and 30 mg) at 7 h after the dosing session.DiscussionExtant literature suggests that DXM administration attenuates reward-related behaviors in rats. There is a paucity of human studies investigating the effect of DXM on reward outcomes. Future research should prioritize the investigation of the effect of DXM on reward function using validated reward paradigms in persons with anhedonia.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-12-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2025.120836", "pubmed_id": "41360373", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120836", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Rats, Dextromethorphan, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Reward, Anhedonia", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41360373\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4210, "title": "Psychedelics as neuroplasticity enhancers: Mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and translational challenges", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as neuroplasticity enhancers mechanisms therapeutic applications and translational challenges", "authors": "Taslim Uddin, Suma Akter, Kanak Yadab Ghosh", "abstract": "Psychedelics are gaining recognition for their effectiveness as modulators of neuroplasticity in the treatment of a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and ketamine are substances that mainly affect the serotonergic and glutamatergic systems. They induce rapid synaptogenesis, dendritic remodeling, and changes in functional connectivity within crucial brain networks. The therapeutic benefits observed in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders-particularly when integrated with psychotherapy-are attributed to these neuroplastic mechanisms. Despite promising findings, challenges remain regarding safety, long-term effects, and the translation of preclinical results into clinical practice. This review discusses the ethical and legal considerations, as well as translational challenges, that must be addressed before psychedelic-assisted therapies can be fully integrated into modern psychiatry. It also outlines the pharmacological basis of psychedelic action, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity, and the clinical potential of these treatments.", "journal": "Advanced Neurology", "publication_date": "2025-12-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.36922/an025410095", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.36922/an025410095", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Neuroplasticity, Serotonergic, Glutamatergic, Psychology, Medicine, Translation (biology), Long-term potentiation, Affect (linguistics), Psychopharmacology, Fight-or-flight response, Drug development, Neurogenesis, Synaptic plasticity, Translational research, Therapeutic approach, Functional connectivity, Mechanism (biology), Drug, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417099564\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417099564\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117450686\",\"display_name\":\"Taslim Uddin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Suma Akter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Kanak Yadab Ghosh\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387279281\",\"source_display_name\":\"Advanced Neurology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.36922/an025410095\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4417099564" }, { "id": 3147, "title": "Defining ‘psychedelic’", "normalized_title": "defining psychedelic", "authors": "", "abstract": "Humphry Osmond coined the term ‘psychedelic’ in 1956, conjoining ‘psyche’ for ‘soul’ and ‘delic’ from ‘dêlos’ for ‘to manifest’ or ‘illuminate.’ Soul-illumination is an adjective that describes a psychological state or process. However, Osmond’s intention was to use the adjective to name- not just a state- but a category of drug that can induce the subjective effect as its principal action; thus, when used in this way, psychedelic becomes a ‘nominalized adjective;’ describing a ‘thing’ (i.e., a drug) that can induce the described state. Consistent with the etymology of psychedelic, the present work is guided by phenomenology, recognizing its fundamental ontology. Accordingly, we examine the main subjective effect of three different psychoactive drugs, psilocybin, ketamine, and MDMA (variable label, Drug). Over two-hundred participants rated Delphi-derived subjective rating scale items based on their personal experiences with all three drugs. Factor analyses revealed 3 or 4 sufficiently independent dimensions of subjective experience (variable label, Effects). A machine learning classifier successfully predicted Drug from Effects, validating the hypothesis that psilocybin, ketamine and MDMA are categorically distinct as determined by their differential ability to induce the following Effects: 1) visions and psychological insight (psilocybin), 2) dissociation (ketamine) and 3) pro-social feelings, epitomized by feelings of love (MDMA). We conclude that psilocybin is an exemplar psychedelic drug- a category of drug definable by the induction of a psychedelic state- the quintessential psychedelic phenomenon. This state is characterized by visions and psychological insight.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2025-12-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/5ybhk_v1", "keywords": "classic psychedelics, consciousness, hallucinogen, ketamine, mdma, psilocybin, psychedelic, psychedelics, psychedelic therapy, psychedelic trip, serotonin, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology, Psychopharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"5ybhk_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4230, "title": "Efficacy of psilocybin on death anxiety in terminal patients: a narrative review", "normalized_title": "efficacy of psilocybin on death anxiety in terminal patients a narrative review", "authors": "Morris Lintong Barimbing, Dian Pritasari Jeger, Made Edwin Sridana", "abstract": "This narrative review synthesized the use of psilocybin-assisted therapy as a promising treatment for alleviating death anxiety in terminally ill patients. The insights presented are derived from findings reported in previous studies. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the efficacy, pharmacology, and mechanisms by which psilocybin alters brain function by affecting 5-HT2A receptors and disrupting the default mode network (DMN), helping to reduce existential fear. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated substantial progress in therapy, with results showing standardized mean differences in anxiety reduction ranging from −0.70 to −1.08, with effects lasting up to six months after a single dose. This review examines the implications for clinical practice, highlighting psilocybin’s favorable safety profile and its potential to fill therapeutic gaps left by conventional treatments, and also addresses the ethical issues surrounding the use of psilocybin in terminally ill patients. The findings support the integration of psychedelic-assisted methods with standard palliative care to enhance end-of-life care and also highlight potential directions for further studies.", "journal": "Progress in Palliative Care", "publication_date": "2025-11-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/09699260.2026.2657096", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09699260.2026.2657096", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Narrative review, Anxiety, Psychiatry, Terminal (telecommunication), Death anxiety, Psychotherapist, Life review, Narrative, Clinical psychology, Terminal care, Depression (economics), Palliative care, MEDLINE, Review article, Hallucinogen, Terminal cancer, Terminally ill, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7152631097\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7152631097\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1987559404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058150514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413083000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2518148997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894694698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902481475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949756216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966728360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991985135\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014996408\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087328717\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113693816\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134789907\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175230374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194946707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204019137\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208196863\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213518678\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200198590\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200517619\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225106358\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281653128\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292308198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293216995\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295828365\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306398972\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316686787\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323263931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366280986\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380151127\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380484863\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187233\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383912690\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384819730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385173532\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386901577\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390509229\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391328164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391755875\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392767026\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396869026\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401895725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406126624\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406472518\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408459373\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409521679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409797469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410735628\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410910940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411086084\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411955700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413030984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4413190735\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414123659\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414267802\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414465307\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414541727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414616693\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414845973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417166023\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417184349\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417190046\",\"https://openalex.org/W7117564265\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121753259\",\"display_name\":\"Morris Lintong Barimbing\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124943449\",\"display_name\":\"Dian Pritasari Jeger\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007993692\",\"display_name\":\"Made Edwin Sridana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8670-0099\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S19816070\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Palliative Care\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09699260.2026.2657096\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7152631097" }, { "id": 4229, "title": "Unexpected Detection of Psilocybin in a 100 mg Tramadol Tablet: A Forensic Case Report", "normalized_title": "unexpected detection of psilocybin in a 100 mg tramadol tablet a forensic case report", "authors": "Amin Reihani, Fatemeh Shaki", "abstract": "Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for moderate pain. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a naturally occurring psychoactive compound found in certain mushrooms, often referred to as \"magic mushrooms\" and is classified as a Schedule I substance. This case report aimed to present the unexpected detection of psilocybin in a 100 mg tramadol tablet.Case Presentation: This case report presents the forensic identification of psilocybin in a tablet labeled as tramadol 100 mg. Analysis was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A high concentration of psilocybin was confirmed, and additionally, 60 mg of tramadol was detected in the analyzed tablet.Discussion: Active compounds of some mushrooms, such as Psilocybe cubensis and Paneolus, have psychotropic agents with hallucinogenic effects. Psilocybin is a prodrug of psilocin, meaning it's converted into psilocin in the body, and Psilocin then acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, particularly on the 5-HT2A receptor, leading to visual hallucinations, euphoria, and altered cognition. These effects can be particularly dangerous when combined with other opioids and psychoactive substances that do not have a determined dosage and intensify each other's effects.Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of drug monitoring and advanced toxicological analysis in combating the public health threat posed by drug adulteration.", "journal": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "publication_date": "2025-11-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.22038/apjmt.2025.89401.1525", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doaj.org/article/48670c93be3c46cea4fc005c49d0d468", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tramadol, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Drug, Analgesic, Medicine, Opioid, Anesthesia, Designer drug, Amphetamine, Chemistry, Psychotomimetic, Codeine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Propoxyphene, Active compound, Illicit drug, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117534874\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7117534874\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5121548821\",\"display_name\":\"Amin Reihani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066988916\",\"display_name\":\"Fatemeh Shaki\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-656X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306401280\",\"source_display_name\":\"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doaj.org/article/48670c93be3c46cea4fc005c49d0d468\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Toxicity", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7117534874" }, { "id": 4221, "title": "Psilocybin and Neuroplasticity: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Future Directions", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and neuroplasticity mechanisms therapeutic potential and future directions", "authors": "S. Fereydouni", "abstract": "Introduction Mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), remain a significant global health concern, requiring novel therapeutic approaches. Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms, has shown potential in modulating neuroplasticity, a critical process for cognitive flexibility and mental well-being. This review explores psilocybin’s role in enhancing neuroplasticity and its therapeutic implications for mental disorders. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted (2015-2024) using PubMed, PsycINFO, and other databases. Search terms included “Mental Health,” “Psilocybin,” “Neuroplasticity,” and “Mental Disorders.” Studies on psilocybin’s effects on neuroplasticity in human and animal models were included. Extracted data were synthesized chronologically to identify key findings and trends. Results Psilocybin acts primarily via 5-HT2A receptor activation, increasing synaptic connectivity, dendritogenesis, and neurogenesis. It enhances neuroplasticity through the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, contributing to antidepressant and pro-social effects. Clinical and preclinical evidence supports improvements in mood regulation, fear extinction, and cognitive function. Some inconsistencies in neuroplastic outcomes highlight the need for standardized protocols and further investigation. Conclusions Psilocybin-induced neuroplasticity is a promising avenue for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to clarify long-term effects, optimal dosing, and molecular mechanisms to ensure safe and effective clinical applications.", "journal": "Emerging Trends in Drugs Addictions and Health", "publication_date": "2025-11-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100215", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100215", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Neuroscience, MEDLINE, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Disease, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Feature (linguistics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7115166480\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7115166480\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"S. Fereydouni\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226710\",\"source_display_name\":\"Emerging Trends in Drugs Addictions and Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100215\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7115166480" }, { "id": 405, "title": "Acute Blockade of the Serotonin Transporter With Low Doses of Escitalopram Does Not Alter the Behavioural Responses to Acute Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "acute blockade of the serotonin transporter with low doses of escitalopram does not alter the behavioural responses to acute psilocybin", "authors": "Nina Kleditzsch, James J Gattuso, Anthony J. Hannan, Thibault Renoir", "abstract": "The psychedelic psilocybin has gained popularity in recent years as a therapy for treatment-resistant depression and has been reported to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Psilocybin's active metabolite, psilocin, possesses a binding affinity for serotonin receptors as well as for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT). We recently reported that in contrast to wild-type mice, psilocybin did not induce hyperlocomotion and head-twitch responses in mice genetically lacking 5-HTT, suggesting an involvement of 5-HTT in mediating these effects. To further assess the specific role of 5-HTT in psilocybin's acute behavioural effects, we treated C57BL/6 mice with the highly selective 5-HTT inhibitor escitalopram (2.5-5 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to psilocybin administration (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and measured acute behavioural effects including head-twitch response and locomotor activity. We found that acute psilocybin administration increased locomotor activity and induced head twitches, and that escitalopram did not alter these effects. Our study using low doses of escitalopram reveals no direct involvement of 5-HTT in mediating the acute effects of psilocybin in mice, and instead suggests that developmental changes and varying serotonin levels may rather explain the absence of psilocybin's acute behavioural effects previously reported in the 5-HTT homozygous knockout mice.", "journal": "European Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-11-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/ejn.70351", "pubmed_id": "41365493", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70351", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Serotonin transporter, Citalopram, Blockade, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Psychology, Medicine, 5-HT receptor, Reuptake inhibitor, Knockout mouse, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Antagonist, Serotonin Antagonists, Psychopharmacology, Depression (economics), Transporter, Receptor, Anhedonia, Internal medicine, Fluoxetine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417176534\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417176534\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W828252478\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999238614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014936365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124182596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160025407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2255334215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2314908209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342556701\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2416614031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914124754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980636381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229446764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382918325\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389137509\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404007256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406874124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410718370\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119340228\",\"display_name\":\"Nina Kleditzsch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000395302\",\"display_name\":\"James J Gattuso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-8728\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052976583\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony J. Hannan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-8922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006545419\",\"display_name\":\"Thibault Renoir\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-3971\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S171130801\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70351\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4417176534" }, { "id": 421, "title": "A comparative assessment of the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine, psilocybin, and fluoxetine in a chronic stress model", "normalized_title": "a comparative assessment of the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine psilocybin and fluoxetine in a chronic stress model", "authors": "Małgorzata Domżalska, Joanna Kwiatkowska, Iwona Cichoń, Ewa Sokołowska", "abstract": "Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting millions worldwide, yet current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), often exhibit delayed onset and limited efficacy. The chronic social defeat (CSD) stress model in mice is a well-established preclinical paradigm for inducing depression-like behaviors and evaluating antidepressants effectiveness. This study compared the efficacy of both acute and chronic fluoxetine with acute ketamine and psilocybin treatment in male C57BL/6J mice subjected to CSD. Fluoxetine showed no significant effects 24 h after a single dose or following 7 days of repeated administration; antidepressant-like effects only appeared after 14 days of continuous treatment. In contrast, a single dose of either ketamine or psilocybin significantly reversed social avoidance behavior at 24 h, with sustained effects observed at 7- and 14-days post-treatment. These findings suggest that ketamine and psilocybin elicit rapid and durable, antidepressant-like responses in this preclinical model, in contrast to traditional SSRIs, like fluoxetine, which requires extended treatment duration, mirroring clinical efficacy patterns. The results support the utility of the CSD model in evaluating antidepressant efficacy and highlight the therapeutic potential of fast-acting agents such as ketamine and psilocybin as alternatives to conventional treatments for major depressive disorder.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2025-11-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-29642-7", "pubmed_id": "41290975", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29642-7", "keywords": "Fluoxetine, Antidepressant, Ketamine, Psilocybin, Medicine, Pharmacology, Major depressive disorder, Chronic stress, Depression (economics), Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Paroxetine, Reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin, Psychology, Tricyclic antidepressant, Clinical trial, Imipramine, Therapeutic effect, Clinical efficacy, Social defeat, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Anesthesia, Citalopram, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Treatment of Major Depression, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416669801\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416669801\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1977593923\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979987032\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982655221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027572751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032739515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043170894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064113443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080778633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091363925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108057532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111038577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150543200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163250198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192342554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2283292195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767883333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768864850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2779386549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790275773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968485363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970044050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210972564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236400491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313584301\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386003650\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387763730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389371178\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391967348\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400695812\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035092566\",\"display_name\":\"Małgorzata Domżalska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-0051\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033610517\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Kwiatkowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-0087\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016287512\",\"display_name\":\"Iwona Cichoń\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6892-5454\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059869150\",\"display_name\":\"Ewa Sokołowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-7906\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29642-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416669801" }, { "id": 407, "title": "Psilocybin reduces comorbid chronic pain and depression in mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces comorbid chronic pain and depression in mice", "authors": "Jorge Ferreira", "abstract": "", "journal": "Lab Animal", "publication_date": "2025-11-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41684-025-01663-9", "pubmed_id": "41298885", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41684-025-01663-9", "keywords": "Depression (economics), Chronic pain, Medicine, Psilocybin, Internal medicine, Anesthesia, Depressive symptoms, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Chronic disease, Psychiatry, Chronic depression, MEDLINE, Hyperalgesia, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416717006\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416717006\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Jorge Ferreira\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S166518670\",\"source_display_name\":\"Lab Animal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41684-025-01663-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416717006" }, { "id": 297, "title": "New treatments for OCD? Evidence for cannabinoids and psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "new treatments for ocd evidence for cannabinoids and psychedelics", "authors": "Van Ameringen M, Patel V, Patterson B, Hopkinson P, Rahat M.", "abstract": "The etiology of OCD is complex and appears to involve multiple biological pathways. Imbalances in central serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate activities are widely thought to play a causative role. Despite strong evidence supporting first-line OCD pharmacotherapies, approximately 40-60 % of OCD patients remain unresponsive and are considered treatment resistant (TR). Although a range of agents have been examined in TR-OCD, there is no gold-standard, indicating a need to broaden our clinical armamentarium. Cannabis has been used for centuries in many cultures for both medicinal and recreational purposes. Clinical interest in these agents has recently re-emerged. The current evidence for the use of cannabinoids in OCD is very small and includes survey-based, self-report studies with very few controlled trials. Additionally, after a long hiatus from psychiatric research, psychedelics have re-emerged as agents of interest within the past decade. A comprehensive scoping review of the OCD literature including published and grey literature was conducted and detailed in this paper. The current evidence associated with Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT), and Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDMA) in the treatment of OCD is detailed. Much of the current evidence examining cannabinoids and psychedelics in OCD is from cross-sectional surveys and case reports, as well as some small clinical trials. There is a shortage of well-controlled, methodologically rigorous RCTs to properly test the efficacy of cannabinoids or psychedelics in OCD and related disorders. However, the current evidence appears to indicate a lack of evidence supporting the use of either synthetic or natural cannabinoids to treat OCD, but a stronger signal for the use of psilocybin in TR-OCD.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-11-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.11.021", "pubmed_id": "41317726", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.11.021", "keywords": "Humans, Cannabinoids, Hallucinogens, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41317726\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Case Report,Observational Study", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 348, "title": "Advancing treatment paradigms: the role of psilocybin in managing major depressive disorder", "normalized_title": "advancing treatment paradigms the role of psilocybin in managing major depressive disorder", "authors": "Sana Rasheed, Rida Arif, Ahmed Asad Raza, Abedin Samadi", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, has received attention as a novel therapeutic option for major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly in cases where traditional treatments prove ineffective. The study aims to evaluate psilocybin's therapeutic potential by examining its efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action as well as addressing the societal and regulatory challenges that hinder its broader application. Key objectives include understanding how psilocybin alleviates depressive symptoms, investigating its neurobiological effects, and identifying gaps in current research. The methodology involved analyzing clinical studies conducted between 2014 and 2024, focusing on psilocybin as an intervention, either independently or in conjunction with psychotherapy. Evidence from these studies demonstrates that psilocybin acts on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, enhancing neuroplasticity and brain connectivity to yield rapid and sustained symptom relief. Despite these promising findings, the use and study of psilocybin remains restricted due to its classification as a Schedule I substance in many countries. Legal prohibitions and societal stigma have significantly delayed progress in exploring psilocybin's therapeutic applications. The findings highlight psilocybin's potential to transform MDD treatment paradigms but emphasize the need to overcome regulatory barriers, conduct larger and more diverse studies, and establish long-term safety and efficacy data. Addressing these challenges is critical for integrating psilocybin into mainstream mental health care and unlocking its full therapeutic potential.", "journal": "Annals of Medicine and Surgery", "publication_date": "2025-11-23", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1097/ms9.0000000000004349", "pubmed_id": "41497122", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000004349", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Major depressive disorder, Medicine, Psychiatry, Mainstream, Mental health, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Therapeutic approach, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Cognition, Clinical psychology, Bipolar disorder, Vortioxetine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416592848\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416592848\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752781070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033447508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211143280\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280525486\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361292040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379051631\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399572299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404123591\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407728103\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009917648\",\"display_name\":\"Sana Rasheed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Rida Arif\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9884-386X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101718797\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmed Asad Raza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2930-8188\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Abedin Samadi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2676-9093\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226177\",\"source_display_name\":\"Annals of Medicine and Surgery\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000004349\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416592848" }, { "id": 426, "title": "Sex-specific role of the 5-HT2A receptor in psilocybin-induced extinction of opioid reward", "normalized_title": "sex specific role of the 5 ht2a receptor in psilocybin induced extinction of opioid reward", "authors": "Alaina M. Jaster, Thomas M Hadlock, Belle Buzzi, Jessica L. Maltman, Gabriella Silva, Somdatta Saha, Eda Köşeli, Abby M Pondelick, Nikita Thakur, Xin Zhang, Gaoshan Li, Sandra Ledesma-Corvi, K. Moore, Hannah R. Peterson, Barbara Fujita, Alexia L. Zylko, Melissa J. Lewis, Justin L. Poklis, Matthew S. Halquist, Jennifer T. Wolstenholme, Dana E. Selley, Peter J. Hamilton, Chang Lu, M. Imad Damaj, Javier González-Maeso", "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that classical psychedelics may offer therapeutic potential for opioid use disorder (OUD) by alleviating key hallmarks such as altered reward processing and dependence. However, the mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear. Our data demonstrate that a single administration of the psychedelic psilocybin (PSI) reduces conditioned behavior and withdrawal induced by the opioid oxycodone (OXY) in male mice but not in females, and this effect is mediated via the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). We show that the sex-specific attenuation of OXY preference is driven by 5-HT2AR activation in frontal cortex pyramidal neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Additionally, PSI modulates epigenomic regulation following repeated OXY exposure and induces sex-specific NAc dendritic structural plasticity independently of 5-HT2AR. Notably, female frontal cortex and NAc show fewer changes at gene enhancer regions in response to PSI, repeated OXY, or combined PSI-OXY treatment compared to males, with the frontal cortex exhibiting more pronounced sex differences than the NAc at the epigenomic level. Together, these results provide new insights into the neural and epigenetic mechanisms of psychedelic-induced plasticity in OUD, while also highlighting sex differences in PSI’s modulation of reward pathways and its therapeutic potential. Here Jaster et al., show a single psilocybin dose produce sex-specific post-acute changes in opioid reward and withdrawal via 5-HT2A receptors in frontal cortex-to-nucleus accumbens circuits, with epigenetic and synaptic changes shaping therapeutic potential.", "journal": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2025-11-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-64887-w", "pubmed_id": "41266307", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64887-w", "keywords": "Nucleus accumbens, Neuroscience, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Neuroplasticity, Opioid, Prepulse inhibition, Opioid receptor, Forebrain, μ-opioid receptor, Addiction, Psychology, Conditioned place preference, Dendritic spine, Infralimbic cortex, Epigenomics, Biology, Ventral tegmental area, Epigenetics, Amygdala, Synaptic plasticity, Receptor, Cortex (anatomy), Oxycodone, Long-term potentiation, Medicine, Naltrexone, Thalamus, Dopamine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416410579\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416410579\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1733193861\",\"https://openalex.org/W1889428062\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965736251\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972114409\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980321165\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987971958\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990500215\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001528712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003952405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008289270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020920327\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022851859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028985501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029972235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033111233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036231188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041222055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044479377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048184801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059800315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064008986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066848874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078530990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079427367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084967673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102619694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103017472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108234281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120604774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134946659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138295551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152605077\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162259016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2179438025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2274414600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2493522780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2511019691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2524475964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2564593583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581194516\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617279801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765567136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767393753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794014176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800916947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2860912964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889935330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890298149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899511895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909121609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957937196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982495058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993460533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2997022986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999178958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999684597\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003994338\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036889326\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122897243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3173670503\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3189055936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198896650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210571302\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212990475\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213118024\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223525754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225305140\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293247451\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187132\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385617387\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387105778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387782495\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389304198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392196038\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392951076\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393235238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399269886\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399272748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400691480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401862709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402762068\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403479110\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039127091\",\"display_name\":\"Alaina M. Jaster\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3237-394X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114570576\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas M Hadlock\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605633\",\"display_name\":\"Belle Buzzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-7377\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014515937\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Maltman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4469-745X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007998933\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriella Silva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-1052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100818624\",\"display_name\":\"Somdatta Saha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042887851\",\"display_name\":\"Eda Köşeli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4812-4024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038135641\",\"display_name\":\"Abby M Pondelick\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6250-105X\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Nikita Thakur\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Xin Zhang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012195020\",\"display_name\":\"Gaoshan Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-0274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051291619\",\"display_name\":\"Sandra Ledesma-Corvi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6684-1214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112008605\",\"display_name\":\"K. Moore\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Hannah R. Peterson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120414662\",\"display_name\":\"Barbara Fujita\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038792717\",\"display_name\":\"Alexia L. Zylko\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021823042\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa J. Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-191X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030544754\",\"display_name\":\"Justin L. Poklis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-5717\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090620609\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew S. Halquist\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-3117\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035453363\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer T. Wolstenholme\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-9312\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010098064\",\"display_name\":\"Dana E. Selley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3118-9339\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102810342\",\"display_name\":\"Peter J. Hamilton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6819-8346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100702058\",\"display_name\":\"Chang Lu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-5888\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036036065\",\"display_name\":\"M. Imad Damaj\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S64187185\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64887-w\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics,Animal Study,Toxicity,Genomics", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416410579" }, { "id": 425, "title": "Psilocybin and Chronic Pain: A New Perspective for Future Pain Therapists?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and chronic pain a new perspective for future pain therapists", "authors": "Silvia Natoli, Arturo Cuomo, Maurizio Marchesini, Livio Luongo, Giuliano Lo Bianco, Vittorio Guardamagna, Shigeki Yamaguchi", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Chronic pain affects nearly one in five adults worldwide and remains a major healthcare burden due to its persistence, multidimensional impact, and resistance to conventional therapies. The opioid crisis has further highlighted the urgent need for safer and more effective alternatives. Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic compound, has re-emerged as a potential therapeutic option for chronic pain given its effects on neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, and emotional regulation. METHODS: This narrative review synthesized evidence from published preclinical and clinical studies. The focus was on the mechanisms of action of psilocybin, animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and early human trials exploring its effects on pain, mood, and quality of life. RESULTS: Preclinical studies demonstrated that psilocybin promotes synaptogenesis via BDNF-TrkB signalling, modulates 5-HT2A receptor activity, and reduces neuroinflammatory processes, leading to persistent analgesic and anxiolytic effects. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and inflammatory pain showed long-lasting antinociceptive responses. Clinical studies, though limited, reported improvements in depression, anxiety, resilience, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer and chronic conditions, with preliminary evidence of analgesic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Psilocybin shows promise as a multidimensional therapy for chronic pain, addressing both sensory and affective components. However, ethical issues, safety concerns, and regulatory barriers necessitate careful management, and robust randomized controlled trials are essential to confirm efficacy and guide clinical translation.", "journal": "Medical Sciences", "publication_date": "2025-11-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/medsci13040277", "pubmed_id": "41283278", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13040277", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Perspective (graphical), Chronic pain, Psychotherapist, Clinical trial, Psychiatry, Randomized controlled trial, Ethical issues, Hallucinogen, MEDLINE, Clinical psychology, Intensive care medicine, Pain relief, Depression (economics), Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": 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Natoli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-5375\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028425468\",\"display_name\":\"Arturo Cuomo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-6713\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018238229\",\"display_name\":\"Maurizio Marchesini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-9531\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052789598\",\"display_name\":\"Livio Luongo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-2039\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060128343\",\"display_name\":\"Giuliano Lo Bianco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-1548\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027033047\",\"display_name\":\"Vittorio Guardamagna\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-8151\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108070065\",\"display_name\":\"Shigeki Yamaguchi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-2818\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2739445098\",\"source_display_name\":\"Medical Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13040277\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416407616" }, { "id": 3665, "title": "Does Serotonin System Stimulation Increase Pro-social Behavior? - A Comparative Pharmacological Neuroscientific Study in Healthy Humans", "normalized_title": "does serotonin system stimulation increase pro social behavior a comparative pharmacological neuroscientific study in healthy humans", "authors": "University of Zurich", "abstract": "The study looks into whether administering psychedelic substances that stimulate the serotonin system influences pro-social behavior when compared to administering substances that stimulate the dopamine system in healthy individuals. Psychedelic substances have been shown to be powerful modulators of social perception and behavior during the acute experience. This is of particular interest given that social relationships play a key role in the development and resolution of psychiatric symptoms. However, the neuropharmacological mechanism underlying pro-social effects and time-dependent changes currently remain unclear. This study therefore aims at answering two key questions: 1) Does stimulation of the serotonin system induce lasting effects on pro-social behavior? and 2) Are these effects specific to serotonergic stimulation? The following proposed study will assess these questions by investigating objective, ecologically valid measures of pro-social cognition four weeks after different pharmacological challenges (MDMA, an entactogen and releaser of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; psilocybin: a classical psychedelic and serotonin 2A receptor agonist, methylphenidate: an amphetamine and norepinephrine-dopamine re-uptake inhibitor) in healthy volunteers.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-11-18", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06081179", "keywords": "Healthy, Psilocybin, magic mushrooms, 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, Ecstasy, Methylphenidate, Ritalin, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06081179\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3454, "title": "Open Label, Phase 2 Study for Evaluating the Feasibility, Safety and Efficacy of Psychotherapy Assisted Psilocybin for Treatment of Severe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Drug and/or Psychotherapy Resistant Patients.", "normalized_title": "open label phase 2 study for evaluating the feasibility safety and efficacy of psychotherapy assisted psilocybin for treatment of severe obsessive compulsive disorder ocd in drug and or psychotherapy resistant patients", "authors": "Beersheva Mental Health Center", "abstract": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent distressing thoughts and substantial anxiety, accompanied by repetitive behaviors or mental rituals. Individuals with OCD often have diminished quality of life, and functional impairment. The disorder cause high personal, societal and economic costs. Current available treatments for OCD show moderate response rate and high rate of symptom relapse. The purpose of the current study is to explore new alternative options for the treatment of OCD that can widely and continuously benefit patients. Specifically, The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of psychotherapy assisted psilocybin for treatment of severe OCD. Previous research has shown safety of treatment and high efficacy in reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms. However, only one study has evaluated the use of psilocybin for OCD patients. The protocol includes 15 therapeutic sessions, of which 12 are one-hour sessions for psychological preparation and integration, and three are eight hours' experiential sessions under the influence of psilocybin. The research will include 15 participants diagnosed with severe OCD, with at least one treatment failure. Assessments will be based on comparing ratings of the main outcome measure (Y-BOCS), at baseline, at the middle and at end of treatment. Other assessments will include data on side effects- to evaluate safety, and possible spiritual variables underlying change in symptoms via standardized questionnaires. Background and research rationale: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent distressing thoughts and substantial anxiety, accompanied by repetitive behaviours or mental rituals performed to control or alleviate this anxiety. Individuals with OCD often have diminished quality of life, functional impairment, and cause substantial caregiver burden and personal and societal economic costs. Lifetime prevalence of OCD ranges between 1.9%-2.5%, with patients often not responding to the offered pharmacological or psychological treatment, and in extreme cases may even undergo neurosurgical interventions. There are several possible physiological mechanisms leading to the development of OCD, which may indicate several possible effective treatment options. Nowadays there is a consensus that the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways are central to the development of the disorder with the basal ganglia as the main area of its origin. Other brain areas involved in OCD are the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex which are connected to the basal ganglia and are involved in regulating attention and awareness. Abnormal activity between these areas and other subcortical areas might explain why normally unconscious information processing, becomes consciousness, and requires additional resources for its regulation. It has also been suggested that the aversive emotional activity (anxiety, fear, disgust) experienced in OCD, relates to hyperactivity in the amygdala. The momentary relief brought on by the compulsive behaviour forms a positive feedback which perpetuate the disorder. The gold standard of care for OCD today is a combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Most patients will experience at least some symptomatic relief with these interventions; however, relapse of symptoms occur in 40%-60% of patients and around 25% of patients are unresponsive to treatment. Other existing treatments (either pharmacological or neurosurgical) possess a higher risk for serious side effects. It is important to note that even for those patients who are responsive to treatment there are still significant residual, impairing symptoms. It thus seems that there is a real and immediate need to explore new alternative options for the treatment of OCD that can widely and continuously benefit patients, with lower risk and fewer side effects. A new and promising prospect of treatment in mental health is the use of psychedelic substances, which interact with the serotonergic pathways and induce a powerful subjective experience with the potential for psychological transformation. Specifically, psilocybin has received attention in research as a promising alternative in the treatment of severe mental illness. Psilocybin is a prodrug which is quickly converted by the body to psilocin (4-OH-dimethyltryptamine), a 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist. Both psilocybin and psilocin, which have psychoactive properties, are naturally occurring in Psilocybe mushrooms and are structurally similar to the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin. As a direct 5-HT2A agonist, psilocybin has a unique therapeutic potential compared with other pharmacological treatment for OCD such as SSRIs. Animal studies have shown increased cognitive flexibility, associative learning, cortical plasticity, and anti-depressive effects in response to 5-HT2A activation. The first current clinical research with psilocybin examined the safety and efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of psychological distress in patients with terminal advanced-stage cancer. The double-blind, placebo-controlled research was conducted in the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (Torrance, California). Researchers concluded that psilocybin is safe and well tolerated at 0.2 mg/kg dose. Following this research two different research groups, in Johns Hopkins University, and in New York University, have received FDA approval to administrate a higher dose of psilocybin in a similar clinical population. These trails have shown promising results for safety, psychological distress reduction, and significant improvement in anxiety and depression. In their research, Griffiths and colleagues, examined the efficacy of psilocybin in reducing anxiety and depression in 51 patients suffering from a terminal end-stage cancer and experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. This randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial investigated the effects of a very low (placebo-like) dose (1 or 3 mg/70 kg) vs. a high dose (22 or 30 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin. No serious adverse events attributed to psilocybin administration occurred. There were transient moderate increases in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure after psilocybin (in 34% of participants in the high-dose session and 17% of participants in the low-dose session), none of these episodes met criteria for medical intervention. Nausea or vomiting occurred in 15% of participants in the high-dose session. An episode of physical discomfort (any type) occurred in 21% of participants in the high-dose session and 8% in the low-dose session. Psychological discomfort (any type) occurred in 32% of participants in the high-dose session and 12% in the low-dose session. An episode of anxiety occurred in 26% of participants in the high-dose session and 15% in the low-dose session. One participant had a transient episode of paranoid ideation (2% of high-dose sessions). There were no cases of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) or prolonged psychosis. Across the two dose sequence groups, the overall rate of clinical response at 6 months was 78% and 83% for depression and anxiety, respectively, and the overall rate of symptom remission at 6 months for all participants was 65% and 57%, respectively. Ross and colleagues conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, with 29 patients with cancer-related anxiety and depression that were randomly assigned and received treatment with single-dose psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) or niacin (active placebo), both in conjunction with psychotherapy (before and after drug administration). The most common adverse effects were non-clinically significant elevations in blood pressure and heart rate (76%), headaches/migraines (28%), nausea (14%), transient anxiety (17%), and transient psychotic-like symptoms (7%). The medical and psychiatric adverse effects attributable to psilocybin are all known, were transient, and tolerable. There were no cases of prolonged psychosis or HPPD, and no participants required psychiatric hospitalization. Psilocybin produced immediate, substantial, and sustained improvements in anxiety and depression, this effect was sustained at 6.5 months follow-up. These trails and others have shown safety of treatment and high efficacy in reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms with sustained effect at 6 months follow up. These findings taken together with the theoretical understanding of psilocybin mechanism of action and with the understanding of the neuro-psychological pathology of OCD, encourage investigating the potential of psilocybin as a novel significant treatment for this disorder. Research of beneficial effects of psilocybin for patients with OCD is in its infancy, but preliminary findings show potential efficacy in treatment of the disorder. Matsushima and colleagues, used a mice model for OCD and found that psilocybin (both syntactic and in mushroom form), significantly inhibited compulsive behaviour (marble burying) without affecting locomotor activity. In addition, several case reports showed beneficial effects of psilocybin for people with OCD. For example, Leonard and Rapoport (1987) and Moreno and Delgado (1997) reported that among drug-users with OCD, there was a worsening of symptoms under the influence of cocaine, but a remission of symptoms for hours/ days following psilocybin use. Wilcox (2014) described a case in which a patient with OCD self-medicated with psilocybin, once every three weeks, experienced a preserved effect of reduced anxiety, obsessive thoughts, and compulsive behaviour. In another case report, a patient suffering from a body dysmorphic disorder (spending about 4 hours a day examining himself in the mirror), has experienced a significant reduction in distress and a notable change in body perception following multiple dosing of psilocybin. Moreno et al. 2006 conducted a semi open-label trial examining the effect of psilocybin on nine participants with mild to severe OCD, which had at least one \"treatment failure\" defined as a lack of significant improvement after an adequate treatment. Doses were 25 (very low dose \\[VLD\\]), 100 (low dose \\[LD\\]), 200 (medium dose \\[MD\\]), and 300 (high dose \\[HD\\]) µg/kg. LD, MD, and HD were assigned in that order, and VLD was inserted randomly and in a double-blind fashion at any time after the first dose (LD). In measurements during the 24 hours after each dose all participants have experienced a significant relief in symptoms (23%-100% as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale \\[YBOCS\\]) in at least one of the sessions. Two of the subjects reported that their symptomatic improvement lasted most of the following week after testing. One subject achieved long-term remission at the end of the 4 test sessions, as measured at 6-month follow-up. There was, however, no clear dose-response relationship to the change in YBOCS score and no correlation between YBOCS score reduction and the perceived intensity of the psychedelic experience. These preliminary findings stress the need for further research to examine the efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of OCD. In addition, the only clinical trial to date did not include psychotherapy for patients while under the influence of psilocybin. Earlier studies have shown that a preliminary therapeutic relationship before psilocybin administration increases the probability for a \"peak experience\" during sessions. Furthermore, two more recent studies have emphasized the importance of psychotherapy during and before psilocybin sessions, touching on 'intent' and formulating an early and strong therapeutic relationship. There is also a reference to the, \"psychedelic afterglow\", an effect lasting for days and even weeks after a psychedelic session during which there is a unique window for a meaningful transformative psychotherapeutic intervention, most likely owing to the increased psychological plasticity following a psychedelic experience. The current study has two main goals: 1. Determine the safety and efficacy of psilocybin for patients suffering from OCD. 2. Elucidate the psychological mechanisms contributing to the beneficial effect of psilocybin on OCD symptoms. Research Plan: The current research aims to examine the feasibility, safety and efficacy of psychotherapy assisted psilocybin for treatment of severe OCD. The protocol includes 15 therapeutic sessions, of which 12 are one-hour sessions, and three are eight hours' experiential sessions (session 4,8,12) under the influence of psilocybin. In the first experiential session participants will receive a safety dose of 10mg/70kg. In the second and third sessions, participants will receive a therapeutic dose of 30mg/70kg. Three preparatory sessions will take place before the first experiential session, and three integration sessions will take place after each experiential session. The research will include 15 participants, and will include the following phases: Selection phase: Research team will screen participants via phone interviews. Participants answering the inclusion criteria will be invited to receive and sign consent forms. Research member will collect demographics and health status data and register the participants according to study protocol. Preparatory and final registration phase: It is known that SSRIs have a counter effect on psilocybin; therefore, to allow a full effect of psilocybin it is necessary to avoid drug interaction and discontinue previous treatment. In a period of 4 weeks participants will undergo medication withdrawal under psychiatric supervision. During the 4 weeks period each participant will have 2-4 sessions (as needed) with the research psychiatrist, to supervise their clinical state. At the end of 4 weeks, a psychiatric evaluation will take place to determine readiness to begin psilocybin treatment. Baseline assessment, and preparatory therapeutic sessions phase: During the 5-6 weeks from registration, participants will have three preparatory psychotherapy sessions with a couple of therapists assigned to their treatment. Prior to their first psychotherapy session, participants will complete the first-baseline assessment of research questionnaires. Treatment phase: The treatment phase includes three experiential sessions with psilocybin (sessions 4, 8, 12), and three integration sessions after each experiential session. During this phase participants will complete three assessments using research questionnaires (sessions 2, 10, 15). End of treatment and follow-up phase: Primary outcome assessment will take place at the end of the last therapeutic session (no.15). Additional assessments will take place at three months, and six months/one-year follow-up. Research procedure Participants will sign consent forms, before participating in the research treatment. The treatment is based on 15 therapy sessions: * Three preliminary sessions for establishing therapeutic alliance with the therapists and preparing the participant for the first experiential session. * An 8-hour experiential session with a safety dose of psilocybin (10mg/70 kg). (V4) * Participant will spend the night at the medical facility, under the supervision of a research member. * A1-hour session with the therapists, on the following morning (V5) * Two integration sessions, and preparation for the next experiential session. (V6, V7) * An 8-hour experiential session with a therapeutic dose of psilocybin (30mg/70 kg). (V8) * Participant will spend the night at the medical facility, under the supervision of a research member. * A1-hour session with the therapists, on the following morning (V9) * Two integration sessions, and preparation for the next experiential session. (V10, V11) * An 8-hour experiential session with a therapeutic dose of psilocybin (30mg/70 kg). (V12) * Participant will spend the night at the medical facility, under the supervision of a research member. * A1-hour session with the therapists, on the following morning (V13) * Two integration and summary sessions. (V14, V15) Possible discomfort: It is possible that psilocybin and the experience it induces will cause some emotional or physical discomfort. Investigators will address all possible discomforts and appropriate measures to contain them, in the research safety instructions. Research purpose: The main objective of this research is to use standardized measuring tools to explore the safety and efficacy of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy in treating severe OCD symptoms. A secondary aim is to explore possible variables underlying change in symptoms. Research objectives: The main objective is to assess efficacy of psilocybin assisted psychotherapy in treating severe OCD symptoms. This assessment will be based on comparing ratings of the main outcome measure (Y-BOCS), at baseline (session 2) at the middle and at end of treatment (session 10, 15 respectively). A score under 14 or a reduction of 35% in the overall score will be considered as remission (Lewin, Nadai, Park, Goodman, Murphy \\& Stroch, 2011). Secondary objectives: assessing safety by collecting data on side effects, and assessing possible spiritual variables underlying change in symptoms via standardized questionnaires and semi constructed interviews. Safety: The general safety goal is to assess occurrence and frequency of adverse events during treatment. This includes suicide ideation and/or behaviour, and adverse physiological or psychological responses. The safety of psilocybin use was previously proven in several clinical research. Potential adverse effects: In general, psychedelic drugs have low levels of physiological toxicity, and previous research indicate no evidence of toxicity, organ damage or neurophysiological disfunctions. Possible physiological effects experienced under the influence of psychedelic substances may include: dizziness, weakness, tremor, paresthesia, nausea, thirst, blurred vision, dilated pupils, and hyperreflexia. These somatic effects are dynamic and relatively minor, even when the psychological effect (sensory, perceptual, and cognitive) is strong/intense. The significant risk associated with psilocybin intake, is a subjective experience of fear and anxiety, panic, dysphoria and/or paranoia. Recent clinical studies report a high safety level with no adverse effects. The high safety levels can be attributed to several control parameters described below, and to complying with safety guidelines in clinical psychotherapy with psychedelics. The use of psilocybin requires a significant psychotherapeutic holding of the subjective experience, that will provide a safe and supportive environment during the psychedelic experience. The safety guidelines in clinical psychotherapy with psychedelics describe the therapeutic presence and processes, as well as the set and settings needed to provide a supportive emotional and external environment. Safety measures: 1. Controlling the quality of psilocybin and ensuring it is manufactured under GMP conditions. 2. Controlling for appropriate and adjusted dosage. 3. Controlling a strict protocol for screening eligible participants to the study (for details see inclusion-exclusion criteria section) 4. Recruiting professional and experienced psychotherapists with the appropriate training for clinical psychotherapy with psychedelics. Professionals will undergo a unique training to work with the psychotherapy protocol written for the current research. 5. Psychotherapists will work in pairs (a man and a woman), to provide an optimal holding space for each participant. 6. A proximity of a medical team for case of emergency. 7. Providing preparatory and integration sessions before and after the psilocybin sessions. 8. Preparing and using a comfortable and friendly room for the therapeutic session. The physical environment in which the treatment takes place should be suitable to the physical as well as the emotional safety of the participant. This means creating a lenient environment, which provides a pleasant and welcoming atmosphere, and may elicit a sense of intimacy and connection. As opposed to the environment of a hospital, a space like this supports and strengthens the participant's sense of safety and connectedness, thus helping him/her contain the intense psychedelic experience. 9. Guidelines for psychotherapy process: these guidelines are based on the humanistic perspective, and concern the characteristic of the therapeutic process: * A supportive, accepting, and non-judgmental presence of the therapist. * The importance of the therapeutic alliance and trust between participant and therapists. * A non-directive approach, supportive and gentle presence that stays with the participant's unfolding experience. * Viewing the mind as multi-dimensional, making space for the diverse dimensions of the internal experience: physical, emotional, and spiritual. 10. Maintaining a well-documented monitoring of the study and the participants status during the study period. 11. Monitoring physiological measure (blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature) during the psychedelic sessions with psilocybin: before taking the drug, an hour and a half after taking the drug, and 8 hours after. In case of anomalies physiological measures will be monitor more frequently. 12. Consulting and collaborating with other research teams with similar research interests, in NYU and Imperial College in London, UK.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-11-18", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04882839", "keywords": "Obsessive-compulsive Disorder, psychotherapy assisted psilocybin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04882839\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Clinical Trial,Case Report,Animal Study,Cancer Patients,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 427, "title": "Pharmacotherapy to Prevent Alcohol Relapse in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.", "normalized_title": "pharmacotherapy to prevent alcohol relapse in alcohol associated liver disease", "authors": "Zhang W, Hwang SY, Luther J.", "abstract": "Purpose of reviewAlcohol use disorder (AUD) drives alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and relapsing after abstinence remains a significant challenge before and after transplantation. This review summarizes evidence for pharmacotherapies in relapse prevention and their integration into ALD care.Recent findingsNaltrexone and acamprosate reduce the relapse in the general AUD population, though data in ALD are limited. Baclofen is the only drug tested in randomized trials in cirrhosis, with early benefit but mixed results in later studies. Gabapentin and topiramate are promising off-label options. Emerging agents include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, psilocybin, and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) analogs, all showing early signals in reducing alcohol use. Despite guideline support, pharmacotherapy is underutilized in ALD due to lack of insight, stigma, provider inexperience, and fragmented care. Integrated programs across the disease spectrum demonstrate feasibility and may improve pharmacotherapy uptake. Pharmacotherapy is effective yet underused for relapse prevention in ALD. Integration with behavioral interventions and multidisciplinary care is essential to expand access, evaluate novel therapies, and improve patient outcomes.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-11-18", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s11894-025-01026-x", "pubmed_id": "41258558", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-025-01026-x", "keywords": "Humans, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Alcoholism, Recurrence, Naltrexone, Alcohol Deterrents, Secondary Prevention, Acamprosate", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41258558\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4239, "title": "Psychedelic Rejuvenation Hypothesis: A Framework for Cellular and Psychological Restoration", "normalized_title": "psychedelic rejuvenation hypothesis a framework for cellular and psychological restoration", "authors": "Tony R. Montgomery, DeMond M. Grant", "abstract": "Recent research into classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, and DMT, has highlighted their therapeutic potential for mental health disorders. However, emerging evidence suggests their utility may extend beyond treatment into the realm of preventive medicine. This manuscript proposes a novel framework positioning psychedelics as agents of cellular and psychological rejuvenation. Drawing from preclinical and early human studies, we explore how psychedelics modulate core aging pathways including neuroplasticity, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and telomere dynamics. These compounds appear to not only repair dysregulated brain states but also engage biological mechanisms implicated in resilience, longevity, and cognitive preservation. The psychological benefits, such as increased openness, emotional flexibility, and stress reduction, are supported by durable shifts in brain network dynamics, particularly through 5-HT₂A receptor activation and increased neural entropy. We argue that these effects mirror well-known adaptations to exercise and other hormetic stressors. Integration, often overlooked in research, may be the behavioral bridge that converts these neurobiological changes into lasting lifestyle improvements, making psychedelics not just a reset, but a catalyst for sustained change. While limitations exist, including the need for long-term data and diverse sampling, this framework encourages a shift in how we study and apply psychedelics, not solely as treatments, but as tools for proactive health optimization. Future research should investigate how psychedelics, when combined with intentional integration and lifestyle interventions, might extend healthspan and promote whole-system rejuvenation.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-11-16", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.31124/advance.175630073.36585408/v2", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.175630073.36585408/v2", "keywords": "Rejuvenation, Psychology, Realm, Mental health, Psychotherapist, Cognitive psychology, Social psychology, Psychological intervention, Psychological therapy, Cognitive science, Epistemology, Action (physics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416299212\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416299212\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092627719\",\"display_name\":\"Tony R. Montgomery\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6154-1888\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018109465\",\"display_name\":\"DeMond M. Grant\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-6563\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.175630073.36585408/v2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Telomeres,Longevity,Mitochondrial Function,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416299212" }, { "id": 4241, "title": "Qualitative insights into psilocybin and LSD experiences: Enhanced connection and emotion processing reported by Spanish-speaking survey respondents", "normalized_title": "qualitative insights into psilocybin and lsd experiences enhanced connection and emotion processing reported by spanish speaking survey respondents", "authors": "Meghan DellaCrosse, Shoval Gilead, Rafael Lancelotta, Ana María Ortiz Bernal, Christopher Timmermann, Alan K. Davis", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD have shown potential therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions, including depression, PTSD, and addiction. However, research remains limited due to regulatory barriers and a lack of diversity in study populations. Spanish-speaking individuals, despite their significant global and U.S. presence, are underrepresented in psychedelic research, leaving a gap in understanding their unique experiences and cultural contexts. This study is a secondary qualitative analysis of data from a survey of Spanish-speaking individuals (N=379) who reported a memorable psilocybin mushroom or LSD experience. Participants were recruited through online platforms and described their most memorable psychedelic experience in an open-ended response item. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on responses (N=379) to identify prominent experiential characteristics. Responses were verbatim translated from Spanish to English, with validation to ensure accuracy. Two primary themes were identified: (1) Experiences of Deep Connection, encompassing connectedness to nature, others, the present moment, and the substance itself; and (2) Emotion-Related Experiences, ranging from elevated positive states (e.g., joy, peace) to emotional processing, catharsis, and challenging experiences. While similarities were observed across both substances, unique nuances were noted. Findings highlight the importance of including diverse populations in psychedelic research to ensure generalizability and cultural relevance. The study underscores the therapeutic potential of psychedelics while emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive tools to support diverse communities. Future research should prioritize inclusivity and explore the intersection of cultural values and psychedelic experiences. Los psicodélicos serotoninérgicos como la psilocibina y el LSD han demostrado posibles beneficios terapéuticos para condiciones de salud mental, incluidas la depresión, el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y la adicción. Sin embargo, la investigación sigue siendo limitada debido a barreras regulatorias y a la falta de diversidad en las poblaciones estudiadas. Las personas hispanohablantes, a pesar de su significativa presencia global y en los EE.UU., están subrepresentadas en la investigación psicodélica, lo que deja una brecha en la comprensión de sus experiencias y contextos culturales únicos. Este estudio es un análisis cualitativo secundario de datos obtenidos a partir de una encuesta dirigida a personas hispanohablantes (N=379) que reportaron una experiencia memorable con psilocibina o LSD. Los participantes fueron reclutados a través de plataformas en línea y respondieron a una pregunta abierta describiendo su experiencia psicodélica más memorable. Se realizó un análisis temático reflexivo de las respuestas (N=379) para identificar características experienciales destacadas. Las respuestas fueron traducidas de forma literal del español al inglés, con un proceso de validación para garantizar su precisión. Se identificaron dos temas principales: (1) Experiencias de Conexión Profunda, que incluyen la conexión con la naturaleza, otras personas, el momento presente y la propia sustancia; y (2) Experiencias Relacionadas con las Emociones, que abarcan desde estados positivos elevados (por ejemplo, alegría, paz) hasta el procesamiento emocional, la catarsis y experiencias desafiantes. Aunque se observaron similitudes entre ambas sustancias, también se identificaron matices distintivos. Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de incluir poblaciones diversas en la investigación psicodélica para garantizar su generalización y relevancia cultural. El estudio subraya el potencial terapéutico de los psicodélicos, al mismo tiempo que enfatiza la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas culturalmente sensibles para apoyar a comunidades diversas. Las investigaciones futuras deberían priorizar la inclusión y explorar la intersección entre los valores culturales y las experiencias psicodélicas.", "journal": "Psychedelics", "publication_date": "2025-11-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.psyche.2025.100004", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyche.2025.100004", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Generalizability theory, Thematic analysis, Mental health, Qualitative research, Social psychology, Reflexivity, Interpretative phenomenological analysis, Psychotherapist, Social connectedness, Experiential learning, Qualitative property, Hallucinogen, Cultural diversity, Clinical psychology, Dyad, Disgust, Disengagement theory, Relevance (law), Lived experience, Shame, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:32", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416229038\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416229038\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1971841445\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979290264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102059582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885455509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954690399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965468106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973627003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049156731\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087672006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220656556\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220776312\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292136326\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311439362\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311477082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399071817\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400279567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403366569\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403628871\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406955835\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407380636\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411462140\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063981201\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan DellaCrosse\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-277X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119535270\",\"display_name\":\"Shoval Gilead\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056271117\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael Lancelotta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-3463\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065805342\",\"display_name\":\"Ana María Ortiz Bernal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-6497\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5407037080\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyche.2025.100004\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416229038" }, { "id": 304, "title": "Psychedelics produce enduring behavioral effects and functional plasticity through mechanisms independent of structural plasticity", "normalized_title": "psychedelics produce enduring behavioral effects and functional plasticity through mechanisms independent of structural plasticity", "authors": "Hannah M. Kramer, Meghan Hibicke, Jason W. Middleton, Alaina M. Jaster, Jesper L. Kristensen, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-11-11", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-025-02272-3", "pubmed_id": "41224969", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02272-3", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Synaptic plasticity, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Psychology, Prefrontal cortex, Pyramidal cell, Postsynaptic potential, Plasticity, Agonist, Antidepressant, Glutamate receptor, Electrophysiology, Dendritic spine, Postsynaptic density, Hallucinogen, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Serotonin, Biology, Receptor, Bursting, Premovement neuronal activity, Hippocampus, 5-HT receptor, AMPA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416154674\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416154674\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1653678085\",\"https://openalex.org/W1812482953\",\"https://openalex.org/W1906859819\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971510748\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991128922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006852603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040868835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063719286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099540110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109718163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123733035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128148109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137978956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2308910221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326374493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596554562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596798372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742985209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890187437\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000235864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016335247\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3186082984\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307481525\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310571093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412520959\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054801512\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah M. Kramer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000967494\",\"display_name\":\"Jason W. Middleton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-5252\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039127091\",\"display_name\":\"Alaina M. Jaster\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3237-394X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016691908\",\"display_name\":\"Jesper L. Kristensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-1267\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02272-3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416154674" }, { "id": 400, "title": "The Psychedelic Psilocin Suppresses Activity of Central Amygdala Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 Neurons and Decreases Ethanol Drinking in Female Mice", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic psilocin suppresses activity of central amygdala corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 neurons and decreases ethanol drinking in female mice", "authors": "Sarah N. Magee, Allison C. Sereno, Maria Echeveste-Sanchez, Elizabeth G. Shannon, Abir Mohsin, Sarah E. Mott, Sara Faccidomo, Clyde W. Hodge, Melissa A. Herman", "abstract": "Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent disorder with limited therapeutic options. The central amygdala (CeA) is a critical brain region as dysregulation within the CeA and the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system are associated with AUD pathology. CeA CRF1 receptors regulate alcohol drinking and have served as a therapeutic target in alcohol treatment. One emerging potential therapeutic for AUD is psilocybin. Psilocybin has been shown to decrease drinking in some clinical studies; however, the effects are variable and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Psilocybin engages many brain regions, including the CeA, and may produce therapeutic effects on drinking through interactions with CeA CRF1 neurons. The current study explores the effects of psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, on voluntary ethanol drinking and CeA CRF1 activity to understand potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of psilocin. Psilocin acutely decreased ethanol consumption in mice exposed to two different models of chronic ethanol exposure without producing changes in locomotor behavior. Psilocin increased CeA activation and decreased relative CRF1 activation in CeA subregions from ethanol-naive female CRF1:GFP mice. These results were also observed in chronic ethanol-exposed mice at 24 and 72 h withdrawal timepoints. Psilocin increased corticosterone at 24 h withdrawal but not at 72 h withdrawal. Collectively, these results demonstrate that psilocin engages CeA circuitry and decreases relative CRF1 activation, in parallel with acute reductions in drinking. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the actions of psilocin and inform the interpretation of therapeutic effects in clinical studies.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-11-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.0652-25.2025", "pubmed_id": "41213805", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0652-25.2025", "keywords": "Amygdala, Ethanol, Metabolite, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Endocrinology, Receptor, Alcohol use disorder, Internal medicine, Psilocybin, Extended amygdala, Anhedonia, Alcohol, Kindling, Psychology, Therapeutic effect, Neuroscience, Corticosterone, Self-administration, Mediator, Central nucleus of the amygdala, Endogeny, Medicine, Central nervous system, Period (music), Dopamine, Alcohol intoxication, Alcohol dependence, Premovement neuronal activity, Downregulation and upregulation, Cricetulus, Ratón, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416079942\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416079942\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1587734848\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968451464\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981020370\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996835303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003870213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008434916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022748226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037249096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043524974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045165595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061871785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064896421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080894664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122163450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126747069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344598510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2538056577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756719733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794786155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2960075843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968952134\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010074047\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039320527\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087557879\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165544161\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283821537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379094891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399917337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400911636\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401827259\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405738640\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407396574\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408424120\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091142022\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah N. Magee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-3916\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104326504\",\"display_name\":\"Allison C. Sereno\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061789574\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Echeveste-Sanchez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth G. Shannon\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Abir Mohsin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Sarah E. Mott\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026271256\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Faccidomo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011055291\",\"display_name\":\"Clyde W. Hodge\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-7955\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033783347\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa A. Herman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-6653\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5555990\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0652-25.2025\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416079942" }, { "id": 398, "title": "Engineering the Next Generation of Psychedelic Therapeutics through Serotonergic Precision and Pharmacokinetic Control.", "normalized_title": "engineering the next generation of psychedelic therapeutics through serotonergic precision and pharmacokinetic control", "authors": "Renner AC, Kargbo RB.", "abstract": "Recent patents unveil a new wave of psychedelic analogs optimized for 5-HT2A receptor modulation, reduced adverse effects, and tunable duration of action. By refining DMT and psilocin scaffolds through prodrug design, fluorination, and structure-activity exploration, these innovations promise safer, shorter-acting psychedelic medicines that align with clinical workflow and improve therapeutic predictability for psychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-11-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00661", "pubmed_id": "41404010", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00661", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41404010\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 408, "title": "Efficacy, all-cause discontinuation, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA to treat mental disorders: A living systematic review with meta-analysis.", "normalized_title": "efficacy all cause discontinuation and safety of serotonergic psychedelics and mdma to treat mental disorders a living systematic review with meta analysis", "authors": "Højlund M, Kafali HY, Kırmızı B, Fusar-Poli P, Correll CU, Cortese S, Sabé M, Fiedorowicz J, Saraf G, Zein J, Berk M, Husain MI, Rosenblat JD, Rubaiyat R, Corace K, Wong S, Hatcher S, Kaluzienski M, Yatham LN, Cipriani A, Gosling CJ, Carhart-Harris R, Tanuseputro P, Myran DT, Fabiano N, Moher D, Mayo LM, Nicholls SG, White T, Prisco M, Radua J, Vieta E, Ladha KS, Katz J, Veroniki AA, Solmi M.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics and 3,4-methylendioxtmethamphetamine (MDMA) are promising treatments for mental disorders with a continuously evolving evidence base. We searched Pubmed/Scopus/clinical trial registries up to 08july2025 for double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing MDMA or serotonergic psychedelics in patients with mental disorders. Primary outcomes were change in disease-specific symptoms and all-cause discontinuation. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and relative risk (RR) were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane's RoB-tool version 2 and certainty of evidence with GRADE. The review is maintained as living systematic review (https://ebipsyche-database.org/). We included 30 RCTs (1480 participants; female=45.8 %; with psychological support=83.3 %; high RoB=83.3 %). In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), MDMA reduced PTSD symptoms compared to any control (k = 11; SMD=-0.85 [-1.09; -0.60]; I2=0 %; GRADE=low). In major depressive disorder (MDD), psilocybin/ayahuasca/LSD reduced depressive symptoms (k = 8; SMD=-0.62 [-0.97; -0.28]; I2=55 %; GRADE=very low). In anxiety disorders, both MDMA and serotonergic psychedelics reduced anxiety symptoms (SMDMDMA=-1.18 [-2.04; -0.32]; I2=0 %; k = 2; GRADE=low and SMDserotonergic=-0.88 [-1.70; -0.06]; I2=54 %;k = 5; GRADE=very low). In alcohol use disorder, neither psilocybin nor LSD reduced abstinence rates (k = 6; RR=1.42 [0.89; 2.26]; I2=7 %; GRADE=very low). In attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), LSD did not reduce ADHD symptoms (k = 1; SMD=0.22 [-0.32; 0.76]; GRADE=very low). Moderate certainty in evidence was only found for MDMA on PTSD symptoms when compared to placebo. MDMA/serotonergic psychedelics were not associated with higher risk of all-cause discontinuation (RRMDMA=0.74 [0.32; 1.72]; RRserotonergic=0.81 [0.56; 1.15]). Overall, MDMA/serotonergic psychedelics are promising for the treatment of PTSD, MDD, and anxiety disorders with moderate to large effect sizes. Pragmatic trials, long-term, head-to-head trials exploring the role of psychological support, aiming to identify predictors of response, and accounting for expectancy and functional unblinding are needed. Studies addressing these limitations will likely be required for regulatory approval of psychedelic drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-11-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.09.011", "pubmed_id": "41205366", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.09.011", "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Mental Disorders, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41205366\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4248, "title": "Divergent effects of ketamine and psilocybin on EEG power spectral density in a mismatch negativity paradigm", "normalized_title": "divergent effects of ketamine and psilocybin on eeg power spectral density in a mismatch negativity paradigm", "authors": "Milad Soltanzadeh, Zheng Wang, Shona G. Allohverdi, Colleen E. Charlton, André Schmidt, Franz Xaver Vollenweider, Andreea O. Diaconescu", "abstract": "", "journal": "Universität Zürich, ZORA", "publication_date": "2025-11-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.5167/uzh-292276", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-292276", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Electroencephalography, Neuroscience, Ketamine, Psychology, Aperiodic graph, Electrophysiology, NMDA receptor, Default mode network, Memantine, Mismatch negativity, Stimulus (psychology), Neurochemical, Spectral density, Medicine, Audiology, Anxiety, Neocortex, Local field potential, Pyramidal cell, Brain activity and meditation, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Treatment of Major Depression, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7130720501\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7130720501\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109269281\",\"display_name\":\"Milad Soltanzadeh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7088-8924\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126446919\",\"display_name\":\"Zheng Wang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057289789\",\"display_name\":\"Shona G. Allohverdi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-6032\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000031293\",\"display_name\":\"Colleen E. Charlton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9342-3533\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5126523760\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5124807618\",\"display_name\":\"Franz Xaver Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073220617\",\"display_name\":\"Andreea O. Diaconescu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-9757\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407051291\",\"source_display_name\":\"Universität Zürich, ZORA\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-292276\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7130720501" }, { "id": 3489, "title": "A Phase 1/2 Study of a Group Model of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Cancer-Related Anxiety in Patients With Metastatic Cancer", "normalized_title": "a phase 1 2 study of a group model of psilocybin assisted therapy for cancer related anxiety in patients with metastatic cancer", "authors": "University of Washington", "abstract": "This phase I/II trial tests the safety and side effects of psilocybin in combination with therapy for the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. Psilocybin is a substance being studied in conjunction with therapy for the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. In this study, the psilocybin being used is derived from the mushroom psilocybe cubensis using a patented process that results in a pharmaceutical grade version of psilocybin. Psilocybin acts by activating serotonin receptors on brain cells which can change perceptions and patterns of thinking in ways that may decrease anxiety. OUTLINE: Patients receive psilocybin orally (PO) and participate in group and individual therapy sessions on trial.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-11-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05847686", "keywords": "Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System Neoplasm, Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm, Counseling, Counseling Intervention, Psilocybin, CY-39, Indocybin, psilocybine, Questionnaire Administration, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05847686\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\",\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Cancer Patients,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 202, "title": "Psilocybin mitigates chronic behavioral and neurobiological alterations in a rat model of recurrent intimate partner violence-related brain injury", "normalized_title": "psilocybin mitigates chronic behavioral and neurobiological alterations in a rat model of recurrent intimate partner violence related brain injury", "authors": "Josh Allen, Mujun Sun, Tamara L. Baker, Shannon Dames, Pamela Kryskow, Brian R. Christie, Stuart J. McDonald, Sandy R. Shultz", "abstract": "", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-11-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03329-x", "pubmed_id": "41193674", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03329-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Context (archaeology), Agonist, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Antagonist, Morris water navigation task, Neuroinflammation, Receptor antagonist, Traumatic brain injury, Psychopharmacology, Psychosis, Receptor, Elevated plus maze, Pathophysiology, Rat model, Neuroplasticity, Hippocampus, Internal medicine, Anesthesia, Subgranular zone, Riluzole, Fluoxetine, Anhedonia, Central nervous system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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Allen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-0622\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026851012\",\"display_name\":\"Mujun Sun\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-9913\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026428711\",\"display_name\":\"Tamara L. Baker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080043337\",\"display_name\":\"Shannon Dames\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-4243\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063782496\",\"display_name\":\"Pamela Kryskow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0310-0368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007027911\",\"display_name\":\"Brian R. Christie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-0160\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075491539\",\"display_name\":\"Stuart J. McDonald\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-3179\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078165559\",\"display_name\":\"Sandy R. Shultz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2525-8775\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03329-x\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415923681" }, { "id": 4249, "title": "Hormonal Influences on Psilocybin Responsivity Across the Female Lifespan: Toward Personalized Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy", "normalized_title": "hormonal influences on psilocybin responsivity across the female lifespan toward personalized psychedelic assisted therapy", "authors": "Faith Ekoh, Shanice Rerrie, James Angud, Ersilia Mirabelli", "abstract": "Today’s research highlights the therapeutic potential of the hallucinogen psilocybin in the treatment of pathologies associated with mood, cognitive, and affective dysregulation. These domains of function are regulated by the serotonergic system, which can be influenced by sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, and psychedelic compounds including psilocybin. Current evidence supports a higher prevalence of affective disorders in females, and a growing awareness of sex-based differences in response to drug therapy. Estrogen’s influence on serotonin physiology is an aspect that must be accounted for when planning a treatment regimen that includes a psychoactive drug such as psilocybin. A review of the current literature was conducted, and an analysis of how the fluid hormonal states in females across their different reproductive phases may impact serotonin dynamics, synaptic plasticity, and therapeutic timing of psilocybin use is discussed. Future research should focus on the influence of sex hormones on psychedelic-assisted therapy in the effort to further personalize treatment plans for these pathologies.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2025-11-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives4040039", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4040039", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Estrogen, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Serotonin, Hormone, Psychology, Psychiatry, Drug, Anhedonia, Physiology, Clinical psychology, Pharmacology, Fluoxetine, Antidepressant, Neuroscience, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Hormonal therapy, Neuropharmacology, Regimen, Hormone therapy, Depression (economics), Preclinical research, Affect (linguistics), Developmental psychology, Human studies, Internal medicine, Substance use, Pharmacotherapy, Bioinformatics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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Ekoh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120234559\",\"display_name\":\"Shanice Rerrie\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120234560\",\"display_name\":\"James Angud\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091333929\",\"display_name\":\"Ersilia Mirabelli\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4040039\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Longevity,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415817857" }, { "id": 4252, "title": "CNSC-36. PSILOCYBIN INDUCES SUSTAINED GLIOMA GROWTH THROUGH SEROTONERGIC AND TRKB PATHWAYS", "normalized_title": "cnsc 36 psilocybin induces sustained glioma growth through serotonergic and trkb pathways", "authors": "Richard Drexler, Belgin Yalçın, Rebecca Mancusi, Abigail Rogers, Kiarash Shamardani, Pamelyn J. Woo, Alexandre Ravel, Yahaya A Yabo, Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi-Junior, Costanza Lo Cascio, Robert C. Malenka, Boris D. Heifets, Mariella G. Filbin, Dieter Henrik Heiland, Karl Deisseroth, Michelle Monje", "abstract": "Abstract High-grade gliomas are the most aggressive form of brain tumors, and neuronal activity has emerged as a driver of glioma pathophysiology. Activity-dependent glioma growth results from paracrine factor signaling and bona fide neuron-to-glioma synapses that integrate glioma cells into brain-wide neuronal circuits. Here, we report how glioma cells integrate into serotonergic (5-HT) circuits and report that long-range dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) projections promote a robust increase in calcium-mediated proliferation of glioma cells. Analysis of scRNA-seq datasets from human samples revealed that 5-HT2A is the most highly expressed serotonergic receptor in both glioblastoma and DMG. Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic with high selectivity for 5-HT2A and additional activity at TrkB, is gaining interest for use in cancer patients; however, its effects on glioma cells remain unclear. We found that a single-dose administration of psilocybin significantly increased proliferation in both glioblastoma and DMG xenografts. Elevated proliferation rates persisted for at least two weeks following a single dose. Utilizing fiber photometry, we detected robust calcium transients in glioma cells as early as 30 minutes following psilocybin administration, which remained detectable for two weeks post-treatment. Glioma cells engineered to express a fluorescent indicator of 5-HT2A activation and xenografted to the mouse brain revealed receptor activation in vivo for at least 24 hours after a psilocybin dose. To delineate the receptor-specific contributions to psilocybin-induced glioma proliferation, we utilized DMG cell lines with genetic knockout of either 5-HT2A or TrkB. Knockout of 5-HT2A in glioma cells nearly abolished psilocybin-induced proliferation, while TrkB knockout partially reduced the effect. Together, these findings demonstrate that psilocybin promotes sustained elevations in glioma proliferation primarily through 5-HT2A activation, with a modulatory contribution from TrkB signaling. Clinical decision-making regarding the use of serotonergic psychedelics in patients with brain tumors should include consideration of possible growth-promoting effects.", "journal": "Neuro-Oncology", "publication_date": "2025-10-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/neuonc/noaf201.0244", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaf201.0244", "keywords": "Glioma, Serotonergic, Raphe nuclei, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Knockout mouse, Neuroscience, Chemistry, In vivo, Cancer research, Biology, Paracrine signalling, Angiogenesis, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, Receptor, Pharmacology, Raphe, Serotonin, Cell growth, Signal transduction, Premovement neuronal activity, Cell culture, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cell Image Analysis Techniques, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416141312\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416141312\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083861584\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Drexler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-3671\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008828385\",\"display_name\":\"Belgin Yalçın\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-9062\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019217441\",\"display_name\":\"Rebecca Mancusi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-5569\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109787168\",\"display_name\":\"Abigail Rogers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-6566\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061814672\",\"display_name\":\"Kiarash Shamardani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-705X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032516213\",\"display_name\":\"Pamelyn J. Woo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7509-8061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113396393\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandre Ravel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042290000\",\"display_name\":\"Yahaya A Yabo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-6038\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106380250\",\"display_name\":\"Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi-Junior\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017189301\",\"display_name\":\"Costanza Lo Cascio\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113526032\",\"display_name\":\"Robert C. Malenka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070799330\",\"display_name\":\"Boris D. Heifets\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-0379\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002271939\",\"display_name\":\"Mariella G. Filbin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-8126\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065000331\",\"display_name\":\"Dieter Henrik Heiland\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-3033\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014360828\",\"display_name\":\"Karl Deisseroth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-3967\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022800990\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle Monje\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-237X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S106908163\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuro-Oncology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaf201.0244\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416141312" }, { "id": 1987, "title": "Ketamine and psilocybin for athletes: A therapeutic breakthrough or a slippery slope?", "normalized_title": "ketamine and psilocybin for athletes a therapeutic breakthrough or a slippery slope", "authors": "Thomas Zandonai, Sofia Venturini, Ornella Corazza", "abstract": "• Ketamine and psilocybin show promise in athlete recovery and pain management. • Psychedelics may enhance resilience, mood, and cognitive flexibility in sports. • Growing athlete use raises concerns for safety and anti-doping regulation. • Evidence on long-term effects with exercise remains scarce, urging research.", "journal": "Performance Enhancement & Health", "publication_date": "2025-10-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.peh.2025.100386", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2025.100386", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ketamine, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Cognition, Flexibility (engineering), Anesthesia, Cognitive flexibility, Pain relief, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Dissociative, Addiction, Depression (economics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415757045\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415757045\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2599106975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226270886\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400803438\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401375939\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401432739\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402642931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414003501\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066844049\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Zandonai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-9675\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117323956\",\"display_name\":\"Sofia Venturini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1668-8333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012791303\",\"display_name\":\"Ornella Corazza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-319X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764777161\",\"source_display_name\":\"Performance Enhancement & Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2025.100386\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Resilience,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415757045" }, { "id": 4256, "title": "Use of psilocybin for chronic pain: a scoping review with current evidence and prospection of literature and technology for future applications", "normalized_title": "use of psilocybin for chronic pain a scoping review with current evidence and prospection of literature and technology for future applications", "authors": "André Leão Dantas, Lara Moreira Jalles Milani, Saulo Gabriel Moreira Falci, João Américo da Silveira, Cristina Pereira Isolan, Lia Dietrich", "abstract": "Chronic pain affects millions of people and remains one of the greatest clinical challenges due to limited response to conventional therapies. Psilocybin, a psychedelic found in mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus, has sparked interest due to its potential to modulate serotonergic receptors and promote neuroplasticity, suggesting analgesic and psychotherapeutic effects. The objective of this scoping review was to map and synthesize the available evidence on the use of psilocybin in the management of chronic pain. The protocol was registered on the OSF platform (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MQ36X) and gathered evidence from seven databases and gray literature, including clinical and preclinical studies, and patents. Twenty studies were included: nine published, eleven ongoing clinical trials, and five filed patents. Doses ranged from 5 to 25 mg, administered in single or multiple sessions, with or without associated psychotherapy, and showed reduced pain intensity and improved mood and quality of life. In animal models, the results were heterogeneous, ranging from significant analgesia to no effect. The analyzed patents indicate industrial interest in microdosing protocols and controlled-release formulations aimed at fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, and phantom pain. Taken together, the evidence pointed to psilocybin as a promising alternative for chronic pain management, although robust and standardized clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.", "journal": "Caderno Pedagógico", "publication_date": "2025-10-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.54033/cadpedv22n12-345", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv22n12-345", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Mood, Chronic pain, Clinical trial, Hallucinogen, Analgesic, Pain assessment, Quality of life (healthcare), Dosing, Pharmacology, Neuropathic pain, Protocol (science), Psychiatry, Pain management, Serotonergic, Clinical pharmacology, Randomized controlled trial, Psychology, MEDLINE, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415830103\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415830103\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2017462460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082947525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567379065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794118706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023228010\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118615836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165837403\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294804950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362508370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386019370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389891609\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393489617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402529371\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402697828\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402748917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406306242\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408540649\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408581056\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409704666\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411103150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412080495\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120237973\",\"display_name\":\"André Leão Dantas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060273750\",\"display_name\":\"Lara Moreira Jalles Milani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7126-6877\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008286933\",\"display_name\":\"Saulo Gabriel Moreira Falci\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9438-5199\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003622337\",\"display_name\":\"João Américo da Silveira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-5362\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047106535\",\"display_name\":\"Cristina Pereira Isolan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1502-7383\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001812672\",\"display_name\":\"Lia Dietrich\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7887-8591\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210173331\",\"source_display_name\":\"Caderno Pedagógico\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv22n12-345\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415830103" }, { "id": 3503, "title": "Precision Functional Brain Mapping to Understand the Mechanisms of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "precision functional brain mapping to understand the mechanisms of psilocybin", "authors": "Washington University School of Medicine", "abstract": "This project will employ functional brain imaging to study the mechanism and immediate and long-term effects of psilocybin, a serotonin receptor 2A agonist, on cortical and cortico-subcortical brain networks in healthy adults. Psilocybin shows promise as a safe, transformational therapeutic across several psychiatric conditions. However, little is know about its mechanism of action. This study aims to establish a neuroimaging paradigm for use in future clinical research testing the effectiveness of psilocybin in various clinical applications. In this study, we will assess both acute (during psilocybin exposure) and sustained (one week post-exposure) effects of 5-HT2A receptor agonism on brain circuits using resting state functional connectivity and precision functional mapping (PFM). Using a randomized, controlled crossover study design, a small number of healthy volunteers will receive either psilocybin or methylphenidate (MTP) and will undergo MRI (structural, task, blood flow, extended resting state). After two weeks, participants will return for a second exposure with the alternate of what they received in the first session. This study involves up to five separate imaging sessions. Functional connectivity will be measured using the following PFM approach: 1. Extended functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) image acquisition 2. Aggressive data cleaning 3. Analysis designed to examine functional brain connectivity at the individual level This will allow us to map the effects of 5-HT2A receptor agonism on cortical and cortico-subcortical brain networks at the individual level with precision that is unparalleled in the current literature. This is the first step in developing a precision neuroimaging approach for mechanistic understanding of psilocybin's therapeutic effects. If successful, this pharmacoimaging paradigm will have potential utility across psychiatric conditions, allowing us to better understand whether and how psilocybin might \"bend the curve\" in treatment course, preventing persistent suffering, disability, and suicide.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-10-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04501653", "keywords": "Psilocybin, psilocin, Methylphenidate, Metadate, Methylin, Ritalin, Concerta, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04501653\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"EARLY_PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 466, "title": "Psychedelics and ketamine/esketamine in depressive disorders: biological mechanisms and associated neuroimaging and clinical changes.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and ketamine esketamine in depressive disorders biological mechanisms and associated neuroimaging and clinical changes", "authors": "d'Andrea G, Chiappini S, Ciavoni L, Tucci R, Martino F, Semeraro FM, Di Battista D, Mosca A, Miuli A, Di Carlo F, Russo M, Di Petta G, Fornaro M, Pettorruso M, Sensi SL, Martinotti G.", "abstract": "BackgroundOver the past ten years, several psychedelic compounds, including tryptamines like lysergic acid diethylamide/LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, and dimethyltryptamine/DMT, have been tested in clinical trials for a range of psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and depression. While these compounds are relatively available for treatment, ketamine and its S(+) enantiomer, esketamine, are increasingly used to manage treatment-resistant depression. The biological mechanisms set in motion by these compounds are still largely unexplored. Preliminary data indicate modulatory activity of distinct brain networks and selected neurotransmitter pathways (i.e., glutamate, serotonin).ObjectiveThis systematic review investigates functional changes in neural activity generated by these compounds (i.e., LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, and DMT or ketamine/esketamine) in depressive disorders. Studies involving different techniques (i.e. Positron Emission Tomography/PET, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/SPECT, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging/fMRI and MRI) were included.MethodA literature search was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines of 2015. The search was performed using PubMed Web of Science and Scopus databases, taking into consideration publications up to March 2022, without any time restrictions.ResultsThe search produced a final set of 49 articles. Most were related to ketamine/esketamine (n = 44). A smaller number (n = 5) pertained to psychedelic tryptamines (one on ayahuasca and four on psilocybin). From the total of 49 studies, 9 were randomized-controlled trials, 25 were open-label studies, 4 were double-blind trials, 8 were observational studies, and 3 cross-over studies.ConclusionsPsylocibin seems to reset Default Mode Network (DMN) activity, thereby reducing depressive symptoms with long-term and sustainable antidepressant efficacy. Compared to psychedelics, ketamine exhibits a more specific action on networks involving prefrontal areas that act indirectly on the DMN. This effect may help explain ketamine's anti-anhedonic activity and its critical role in increasing cognitive control over emotional stimuli, thus reducing negative mood stages.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-10-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-025-03654-3", "pubmed_id": "41173871", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03654-3", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Ketamine, Hallucinogens, Depressive Disorder, Neuroimaging, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41173871\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Observational Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 409, "title": "Psilocybin as a fast-acting and long-lasting antidepressant for adolescence: Proposing NeuroD1 as a biomarker of its long-term plasticity", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a fast acting and long lasting antidepressant for adolescence proposing neurod1 as a biomarker of its long term plasticity", "authors": "Rubén García-Cabrerizo, Itziar Beruete-Fresnillo, Pedro Bergas-Cladera, M. Julia García-Fuster", "abstract": "Adolescent depression is a significant public health concern, yet treatment options remain limited, particularly due to age- and sex-related differences in antidepressant efficacy. This study explored for the first time the potential antidepressant-like response of psilocybin in adolescence by examining acute, repeated and persistent effects in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, as measured under the stress of the forced-swim test. As compared to other studies, we relied on a more translational approach by administering psilocybin orally (oral gavage, o.g.), while elucidating its hallucinogenic-like potential through head-twitch responses. Finally, hippocampal neurogenesis markers were evaluated as potential biomarkers of psilocybin's antidepressant-like responses in adolescence (1- and 16-days post-treatment). The main results showed that: (1) acute psilocybin (1 mg/kg, 30 min) induced subjective hallucinogenic effects, as measured by head-twitch responses, independently of the route of administration (i.p. vs. o.g.), and without changing locomotor activity; (2) acute psilocybin (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, o.g., 30 min) exerted a rapid antidepressant-like response that coincided with the course of hallucinogenic-like responses; (3) repeated psilocybin (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, 7 days, 1 dose/day, o.g.) induced an antidepressant-like response while increased several hippocampal neurogenesis markers (Ki-67: cell proliferation, NeuroD1: neural progenitors and BrdU: cell survival) as measured 1-day post-treatment; and (4) the long-lasting antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin (observed up to 15-days post-treatment) paralleled hippocampal NeuroD1 regulation. Interestingly these effects were observed for rats independently of sex (mixed-sex cohort). To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first ones to underscore oral psilocybin's potential as a fast-acting and long-lasting antidepressant during adolescence, a developmental stage marked by high vulnerability to depression and reduced response to conventional treatments, while also proposing NeuroD1 as a putative biomarker of its long-term plasticity.", "journal": "Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy", "publication_date": "2025-10-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118720", "pubmed_id": "41172953", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118720", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Hippocampal formation, Neurogenesis, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Neuroplasticity, Medicine, Pharmacology, Biomarker, Hippocampus, Fluoxetine, Psychology, Depression (economics), Neural stem cell, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415713367\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415713367\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W962620320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017930909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023675343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046956905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071000148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076985921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170608366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2256972351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2487634804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883970814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884758318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902800460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973851299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981686921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984445440\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039289011\",\"https://openalex.org/W3040720956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043299460\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095003973\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097701450\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211842562\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220677776\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233435953\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281835196\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307747683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311778131\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362457938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386209201\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893450\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388101613\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391480382\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399276098\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400335852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401696781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405176107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405599349\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405746281\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406062303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406097304\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410200405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410718370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411302754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412489091\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412930605\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008175255\",\"display_name\":\"Rubén García-Cabrerizo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115635340\",\"display_name\":\"Itziar Beruete-Fresnillo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1602-3908\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120194430\",\"display_name\":\"Pedro Bergas-Cladera\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081605010\",\"display_name\":\"M. Julia García-Fuster\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-3775\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S15111687\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118720\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Observational Study,Adolescents,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415713367" }, { "id": 3597, "title": "A Wellcome Leap for the Opioid Crisis: Can the 5HT2A Agonist Psilocybin Improve Brain, Behavioral, and Clinical Outcomes in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)?", "normalized_title": "a wellcome leap for the opioid crisis can the 5ht2a agonist psilocybin improve brain behavioral and clinical outcomes in opioid use disorder oud", "authors": "Anna Rose Childress, Ph.D.", "abstract": "Investigators will recruit 36 individuals on MAT for OUD for a double-blind, placebo-controlled design to determine whether PEX010 (25-mg/d) shows preliminary efficacy on neural correlates of neurocognition and on clinical outcomes. Participants will be randomized to either (single dose) 25-mg (PEX010-25 group) or 1-mg (PPEX010-1 group) PEX010 in a 2:1 ratio. Brain and behavioral testing sessions will precede Psilocybin (PSI) dosing day by 24-48 hours and will follow PSI dosing by 1 week. After an initial 6 phases, participants will come into the lab to submit a urine screen 2x/week and to complete a short survey in order to collect data on drug use, MAT adherence, and mental health symptoms. The investigators hypothesize the PEX010-25 (vs. PEX010-1) group will have better clinical outcomes (e.g., lower average percent positive urine drug screens, more late relapses, higher MAT adherence). There are research follow ups every three months out to one year post dose. The Opioid Crisis: Currently in its third wave, the opioid epidemic involves the prevalence of lethal levels of fentanyl in drugs, leading to a surge in opioid-related deaths. Reports indicate a record-breaking number of over 107,000 drug-related overdose deaths in 2021-2022, with opioids contributing to more than 75% of these fatalities. Beyond fatal overdoses, nearly 1 million non-fatal overdoses occurred in 2017, carrying significant, long-lasting consequences. Those who experience non-fatal overdoses are more prone to subsequent overdoses and have a higher likelihood of death within a year, primarily due to drug-related issues. The escalating cases of opioid use disorder (OUD) emphasize the critical need for innovative treatments to address the associated challenges, including neurocognitive difficulties and poor clinical outcomes. While medication-assisted treatment (MAT) like methadone or buprenorphine effectively alleviates withdrawal symptoms and reduces overdose risk, illicit drug use persists, and non-adherence to MAT remains a challenge. The opioid overdose crisis demands urgent attention and necessitates the development of treatments capable of making a significant impact. Psilocybin: In response to the need for improved treatments, there's a growing interest in psychedelic-assisted treatment (PAT), particularly involving psilocybin (PSI). Clinical trials support the use of PAT in controlled medical contexts, with 105 trials registered in the past 20 years covering various mental health and other conditions. PSI (at single doses in the proposed range) has shown preliminary promise for depression, alcohol use disorder, and tobacco-use disorder. However, its potential benefits for OUD remain unknown. This proposal aims to determine whether PSI enhances critical OUD clinical outcomes, such as relapse, overdose, and MAT adherence. Importantly, the investigators will test how PSI produces its benefits through its impact on brain and bio-behavioral targets, thus linking potential biomarkers to clinical outcomes. Cognitive Flexibility: The ability to change thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in response to changes in circumstance (to \"flex\") has strong survival value. When the brain cannot \"flex\", one can experience a range of mishaps, from small (turning left rather than right 'out of habit') to much larger ones. Being 'stuck' is a problem that appears in many disorders. For example, individuals with depression may get 'stuck' in dark ruminating thoughts; individuals with OCD may get 'stuck' in repetitive thoughts and behaviors; people with substance use disorders get 'stuck' over-responding to drug reward signals and pursue the drug despite negative consequences. Recent research shows that PSI facilitates intermediate and long-term improvements in cognitive flexibility, raising the hope that it can 're-set' the brain and enable new thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Cognitive flexibility is often measured by tasks that quantify how successfully one can shift between changing mental rules to complete a task. Using such tasks, there is evidence of cognitive flexibility deficits in people with OUD, but research has not specifically examined the impact of improved cognitive flexibility on OUD clinical outcomes. To date, one study showed that neurocognitive training in executive function (EF), including cognitive flexibility, is associated with reduced opioid use, while a non-OUD study found that higher baseline cognitive flexibility was related to better substance use treatment retention. This proposal will be the first to test whether putative PSI-related improvements in cognitive flexibility will lead to more favorable OUD clinical outcomes. Other Executive Functions: Importantly, cognitive flexibility is a complex capability that depends on the integrated action of several other basic executive functions (EFs): attention, working memory, and inhibition of thoughts, feelings, or actions. Further, each of these basic EFs, together with cognitive flexibility, are needed for effective and efficient planning and decision-making. Individuals who use drugs demonstrate impairment in a variety of these fundamental EFs. In OUD populations, deficits are evident across most EF domains, including working memory, attention, inhibition, and decision-making, which may relate to or underly their cognitive inflexibility. Studies have found that performance on EF tasks (and the neural underpinnings of EF in the prefrontal cortex \\[PFC\\]) indeed correlate with clinical outcomes such as treatment non-adherence (e.g., working memory) and drug use/relapse (e.g., poor inhibition) in substance-use disorders generally, and with reduced abstinence in OUD. Whether these multiple EF deficits predate, or even predispose, drug use - they are likely compounded by drug exposure, including non-fatal opioid overdoses that produce hypoxic-related brain injuries, leading to further neurocognitive deficits. In sum, there is good preliminary evidence for deficits in the several component EFs underlying cognitive flexibility in OUD. By measuring these separately, the current proposal will be able to determine which of these targets are most impacted by PSI, and their relative importance for outcome prediction. What's \"special\" about psilocybin? PSI has likely been in use by humans for millennia, originally as a religious or spiritual agent due to its dramatic subjective effects, including hallucinations and mystical experiences. However, scientists have more recently understood that some of the effects - such as increased sense of connectedness, openness, and change in perspective - can produce long-lasting change and improved mental health. Indeed, psychometric instruments capturing non-ordinary states of consciousness and psychological constructs have reliably predicted clinical treatment outcomes, including substance use disorder outcomes. Some theorists have proposed that these dramatic drug effects may reflect a profound initial 'loosening' of top-down control over limbic and sensory regions, resulting in improved flexibility and adaptive behavior. Though the current proposal will not be able to test all features of this hypothesis, the investigators will capture the special acute phenomenology of the drug state and test for the fundamental feature of flexibility. Further, the investigators will determine the relative role of the basic EF components of flexibility and test the importance of all these factors (alone and in combination) for obtaining clinical benefit from the drug. This study will provide a critical foundation for understanding the potential of 5HT2A agonists in OUD, with treatment implications for several other disorders where cognitive inflexibility, 'getting stuck', is a core feature.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-10-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06786325", "keywords": "Opioid Use Disorder, Psilocybin, PEX010, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06786325\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4262, "title": "Is there more to magic mushrooms than psilocybin?", "normalized_title": "is there more to magic mushrooms than psilocybin", "authors": "special to C EN Mara Johnson-Groh", "abstract": "In a suburb of Vancouver, Canada, a nondescript three-story building sits alongside a strip of parking lots. From the outside, it looks like an ordinary commercial office space. But inside is something more extraordinary: rows of shelves stacked with plastic tubs full of magic mushrooms-mushrooms that contain the hallucinogenic chemical psilocybin. In a year, enough psychedelic mushrooms can be produced here to send 80,000 people on hallucinogenic trips.Psilocybin is a regulated, illicit substance in most countries, including Canada. But in this facility, run by Filament Health, the mushrooms are not grown for the black market; they are destined for research and clinical trials. These mushrooms could help determine if something important has been missing from psychedelics research.Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound that, once broken down by the body into psilocin, activates receptors in the brain to unleash a mind-altering experience. After decades of stigmatization, research on psychedelics is finally having a heyday. The research on psilocybin is unveiling its potential to treat challenging mental health conditions like depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and stimulant- and opioid-use disorders.To date, most scientific research on psilocybin has been done with synthetic versions of the compound, not psilocybin from magic mushrooms themselves. Psilocybin was first synthesized in 1958 and synthetic psilocybin has remained the gold standard for testing due to its consistency and cheap production. But a small group of scientists posit that the magic of these mushrooms is more than their psilocybin alone. Over a dozen different compounds have been identified in magic", "journal": "C&EN Global Enterprise", "publication_date": "2025-10-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/cen-10322-feature2", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-10322-feature2", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MAGIC (telescope), Hallucinogen, Psychology, Art, Magic bullet, Psychoanalysis, Art history, Lysergic acid diethylamide, The Imaginary, Aesthetics, Criminology, Fetishism, Dozen, Shamanism, Addiction, Wonder, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416285937\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416285937\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116407489\",\"display_name\":\"special to C EN Mara Johnson-Groh\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210177211\",\"source_display_name\":\"C&EN Global Enterprise\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-10322-feature2\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416285937" }, { "id": 3281, "title": "Simulated 5-HT2A receptor activation accounts for the high complexity of brain activity during psychedelic states", "normalized_title": "simulated 5 ht2a receptor activation accounts for the high complexity of brain activity during psychedelic states", "authors": "Martin HM, Cofre R, Destexhe A.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, and DMT, have strong effects on human brain activity, yet their mechanisms of action at the whole-brain level are only partially understood. Here, we present a biophysically-based mean-field model that integrates cellular and network-level details to simulate the effects of these compounds at different spatial scales. By incorporating the brain-wide distribution of 5-HT2A receptors, our model mechanistically links receptor activation to a reduction in leak membrane potassium conductance, consistent with electrophysiological data. Our simulations reveal that this microscopic perturbation leads to the emergence of a brain state characterized by asynchronous and irregular dynamics with increased firing rates, as well as significant alterations in spectral power. Specifically, we find a robust decrease in power within the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands, a result consistent with empirical findings. This change in dynamics is accompanied by an increase in spontaneous complexity, as quantified by the Lempel-Ziv complexity index, as observed experimentally. Furthermore, our model accurately replicates experimental findings regarding the Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI), demonstrating that PCI does not increase significantly by psychedelic drug administration. This crucial dissociation, where spontaneous complexity and spectral power are increased while perturbational complexity is preserved, highlights the distinct neurophysiological substrates underlying different metrics in psychedelic states. Our multiscale model provides a robust, mechanistic framework for understanding how serotoninergic psychedelics modulate global brain activity, offering new insights consistent with empirical neuroimaging and electrophysiological data.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-10-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.10.20.683366", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.20.683366", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1104450\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4265, "title": "Psychedelic compounds directly excite 5-HT2A layer V medial prefrontal cortex neurons through 5-HT2A Gq activation", "normalized_title": "psychedelic compounds directly excite 5 ht2a layer v medial prefrontal cortex neurons through 5 ht2a gq activation", "authors": "Gabriele M. König, Li-Ming Hsu, Yi-Ting Chiu, Gavin P. Schmitz, Martin MacKinnon, Yen-Yu I. Shih, Bryan L. Roth, Sarah N. Magee, Evi Kostenis, Melissa A. Herman, Mia L. Foglesong", "abstract": "Psilocybin, and its active metabolite psilocin, have seen renewed interest due to studies suggesting potential therapeutic utility. 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) are primary mediators of the psychoactive effects of psychedelics in animals and humans, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging identified significant psilocin-induced increases in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity, a site of enriched 5-HT2AR expression. We identified a population of 5-HT2AR neurons in the prelimbic/anterior cingulate mPFC. Psilocin and the 5-HT2AR-selective compound 25-CN-NBOH increased excitability, and stimulated firing across a range of current injections in these neurons that was both 5-HT2AR and Gαq dependent. Similar effects were observed with a novel, non-hallucinogenic psychedelic compound. These findings provide valuable insight into the specific role of 5-HT2AR-containing neurons in psychedelic-associated plasticity in mPFC regions that are likely implicated in the clinical effects of psychedelics and further identify membrane-bound 5-HT2ARs and subsequent intracellular Gαq signaling as therapeutic targets.", "journal": "UNC Libraries", "publication_date": "2025-10-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.17615/ce6e-4888", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17615/ce6e-4888", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Prefrontal cortex, Population, Chemistry, Cingulate cortex, Neuroplasticity, Cortical neurons, Intracellular, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Cortex (anatomy), Posterior cingulate, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Premovement neuronal activity, Electrophysiology, Metabolite, Receptor, Neuron, Anterior cingulate cortex, Hippocampus, Patch clamp, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415275464\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415275464\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063472068\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriele M. König\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0003-4916\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109475189\",\"display_name\":\"Li-Ming Hsu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102903365\",\"display_name\":\"Yi-Ting Chiu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-7755\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027073145\",\"display_name\":\"Gavin P. Schmitz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090601423\",\"display_name\":\"Martin MacKinnon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-1641\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111805030\",\"display_name\":\"Yen-Yu I. Shih\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007856961\",\"display_name\":\"Bryan L. Roth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-6520\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091142022\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah N. Magee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-3916\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054216760\",\"display_name\":\"Evi Kostenis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-5514\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046822772\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa A. Herman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-3439\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119858278\",\"display_name\":\"Mia L. Foglesong\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407051488\",\"source_display_name\":\"UNC Libraries\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17615/ce6e-4888\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415275464" }, { "id": 359, "title": "Mind the gap! Addressing unresolved aspects of abuse potential evaluation and scheduling of classic and novel psychedelic drugs", "normalized_title": "mind the gap addressing unresolved aspects of abuse potential evaluation and scheduling of classic and novel psychedelic drugs", "authors": "David J. Heal, Jane Gosden, Sharon L. Smith", "abstract": "Psychedelic research is progressing at breakneck speed and is creating new challenges for drug developers, regulatory authorities, and legislators. Most “classic” psychedelics undergoing clinical investigation are C-I controlled drugs with perceived high potential for abuse and no medical use. These and next-generation psychedelic drug-candidates require scientific and clinical assessment of their abuse and dependence potential before transitioning into a controlled drug schedule assigned to clinically approved drugs (C-II to C-V). Food and Drug Administration is likely to undertake the first regulatory assessment of a “classic” psychedelic, and it has led in disseminating advice on how to address the clinical and regulatory challenges. We have built on this foundation by discussing areas of abuse and dependence evaluation procedures that remain unclear or have not previously been covered. Psychedelic drug-candidates can be classified into three categories, that is, “classic” (well-known compounds including psilocybin, N,N -dimethyltryptamine and lysergic acid diethylamide) and “novel” psychedelics (e.g., analogues of known psychedelics), and located between them is what we describe as “grey area” psychedelics (e.g., non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists). In this review, we set out clear proposals for categorizing psychedelic drug-candidates, describe the development pathway and abuse/dependence testing procedures appropriate to each, and, finally, offer our perspective on how these drugs will be evaluated and scheduled under the auspices of the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. Although we used the United States as a test case, the principles and analyses we used and the screening framework for assessing the abuse potential of psychedelic drug-candidates are universally applicable and can be easily adapted to the regulatory requirements and procedures in other countries.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-10-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251382147", "pubmed_id": "41099474", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251382147", "keywords": "Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Substance abuse, Regulatory science, Set (abstract data type), Food and drug administration, Hallucinogen, Drugs of abuse, Perspective (graphical), Abuse liability, Psychiatry, Medicine, Drug, Foundation (evidence), Poison control, Psychotherapist, Engineering ethics, Test (biology), Risk analysis (engineering), Clinical trial, Human factors and ergonomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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J. Heal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-9632\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057020989\",\"display_name\":\"Jane Gosden\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057634008\",\"display_name\":\"Sharon L. Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-8475\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251382147\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity,Abuse Liability", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415246143" }, { "id": 358, "title": "A novel psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonist GM-2505: The pharmacokinetic, safety, and pharmacodynamic profile from a randomized trial healthy volunteer", "normalized_title": "a novel psychedelic 5 ht2a receptor agonist gm 2505 the pharmacokinetic safety and pharmacodynamic profile from a randomized trial healthy volunteer", "authors": "Gerard J. Marek, Soma Makai-Bölöni, Daniel Umbricht, Edward P. Christian, Jason Winters, Dino Dvořák, Shane Raines, Zoë A. Hughes, Eric W. Austin, Adam K. Klein, William Leong, Fas J. Krol, Anne J. van der Graaf, Maria J. Juachon, Marije E. Otto, Laura Borghans, Gabriël E. Jacobs, Andrew C. Kruegel, Jonathan Sporn", "abstract": "Background: The treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with available antidepressant drugs is characterized by considerable ineffectiveness. Classical psychedelics such as psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which act primarily as 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A ) receptor agonists, have shown preliminary efficacy for inducing long-term remission in MDD after one or two doses. GM-2505 is a novel, 5-HT2A receptor agonist, developed for treating MDD. Methods: In this single-ascending dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we characterized GM-2505’s safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile in 48 healthy participants. Results: Single intravenous (IV) doses up to 20 mg demonstrated an acceptable safety profile of mild transient adverse events, short-term, non-clinically significant increases in blood pressure and pulse, and no significant changes in electrocardiographs, consistent with other 5-HT2A receptor agonists. In general, GM-2505 C max and AUC last increased dose proportionally, with t 1/2 of 40-50 minutes. Generally, dose-dependent effects were observed for neuroendocrine hormones, several neuropsychological and neurophysiological measures, and subjective drug effects. Dose-related effects were also observed in resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG), with decreased power in the low frequency rsEEG bands (theta and alpha), and increased in the high frequency bands (slow and fast gamma). Conclusions: These PD findings were similar in nature and magnitude to other 5-HT2A receptor agonists that have been studied clinically. In line with the GM-2505 PK profile, the duration of cardiovascular and subjective effects was shorter than psilocybin but longer than DMT, demonstrating a potentially more practical temporal profile for use in a supervised clinical setting compared to longer-acting 5-HT2A receptor agonists, with an optimal dose range of 10-15 mg IV. Clinical trial (ISRCTN64428072) registration: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN64428072.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-10-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251378512", "pubmed_id": "41099491", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251378512", "keywords": "Agonist, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacology, Medicine, Volunteer, Psilocybin, Randomized controlled trial, Clinical trial, Receptor, Crossover study, Clinical pharmacology, Anesthesia, Placebo, Antagonist, Pharmacokinetics, Intrinsic activity, Internal medicine, Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415246252\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415246252\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W795371411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000909913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095852687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110341150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119617861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140505555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171340584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2534167499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991342487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995178539\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015162298\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220759286\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297182935\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327914778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377940122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400650322\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401451313\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411392672\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004332028\",\"display_name\":\"Gerard J. Marek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8103-4306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048588053\",\"display_name\":\"Soma Makai-Bölöni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-381X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052734672\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Umbricht\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-2157\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109152396\",\"display_name\":\"Edward P. Christian\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085542775\",\"display_name\":\"Jason Winters\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082256940\",\"display_name\":\"Dino Dvořák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3884-1393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013002662\",\"display_name\":\"Shane Raines\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0637-8476\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024722202\",\"display_name\":\"Zoë A. Hughes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-0944\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012238561\",\"display_name\":\"Eric W. Austin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0179-2219\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022631404\",\"display_name\":\"Adam K. Klein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-9324\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"William Leong\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088765488\",\"display_name\":\"Fas J. Krol\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-044X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120023587\",\"display_name\":\"Anne J. van der Graaf\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072814156\",\"display_name\":\"Maria J. Juachon\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055275304\",\"display_name\":\"Marije E. Otto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-604X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066805491\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Borghans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-1153\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109038130\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriël E. Jacobs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-9450\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077225690\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew C. Kruegel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-8755\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058610941\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Sporn\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251378512\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415246252" }, { "id": 4267, "title": "Structure-GuidedDesign of Novel 5-HT2A Partial Agonists as PsychedelicAnalogues with Antidepressant Effects", "normalized_title": "structure guideddesign of novel 5 ht2a partial agonists as psychedelicanalogues with antidepressant effects", "authors": "Rongyan Li (11403789), Haohan Yan (22432650), Yujin Chen (1412254), Yangyang Liu (807797), Lingjie Tang (9276407), Jing Yu (81085), Junjun Liu (674159), Huan Wang (109286), Sheng Wang (339979), Jianjun Cheng (646595)", "abstract": "Depression is primarily treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are limited by delayed onset of effects and low rates of remission. Recent studies showed that serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin can reduce depressive symptoms both rapidly and enduringly. Such effects have been associated with the activation of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor in the central nervous system, which has prompted medicinal chemistry studies of novel 5-HT2A agonists. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel 5-HT2A partial agonists based on the structures of the antipsychotic drug aripiprazole and our previously reported lead compound IHCH-7086. Two series of new compounds were synthesized, a number of which exhibited potent 5-HT2A partial agonist activity in G protein coupling and β-arrestin2 recruitment assays. Compound 28c exhibited antidepressant effects in the mouse tail-suspension test without inducing head-twitch responses, supplementing the growing reservoir of nonhallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists.", "journal": "Figshare", "publication_date": "2025-10-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c02045.s001", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Structure-Guided_Design_of_Novel_5_HT_sub_2A_sub_Partial_Agonists_as_Psychedelic_Analogues_with_Antidepressant_Effects/30360072", "keywords": "Partial agonist, Antidepressant, Serotonergic, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Agonist, Chemistry, Antipsychotic, Hallucinogen, Aripiprazole, Serotonin, Serotonin Agonist, Drug, Imipramine, Fluoxetine, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Atypical antipsychotic, Intrinsic activity, Depression (economics), Medicine, Structure-activity relationship, Receptor, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Reuptake, Serotonin Antagonists, 5-HT receptor, Trazodone, Central nervous system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7111070235\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7111070235\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Rongyan Li (11403789)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Haohan Yan (22432650)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Yujin Chen (1412254)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Yangyang Liu (807797)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Lingjie Tang (9276407)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Jing Yu (81085)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Junjun Liu (674159)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Huan Wang (109286)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Sheng Wang (339979)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Jianjun Cheng (646595)\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196282\",\"source_display_name\":\"Figshare\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Structure-Guided_Design_of_Novel_5_HT_sub_2A_sub_Partial_Agonists_as_Psychedelic_Analogues_with_Antidepressant_Effects/30360072\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7111070235" }, { "id": 4266, "title": "Analysis of Serotonin in Caenorhabditis Elegans Subjected to Micro-Dosing with Psilocybin| Iris Publishers", "normalized_title": "analysis of serotonin in caenorhabditis elegans subjected to micro dosing with psilocybin iris publishers", "authors": "Douglas B. Craig", "abstract": "method was developed for the analysis of serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans. Samples were subjected to solvent-solvent extraction from basic conditions into n-heptanol. The serotonin was then back-extracted into acetic acid, the solution diluted into basic buffer, and labelled with 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde in the presence of cyanide. The sample was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis utilizing post-column laser-induced fluorescence detection within a sheath flow cuvette. Under these conditions serotonin was detected at 1 M. C. elegans was cultured in the presence and absence of psilocybin. The presence of psilocybin was found to decrease the concentration of serotonin from 0.9 to 0.5 mg/mg protein.", "journal": "Insights in Chemistry and Biochemistry", "publication_date": "2025-10-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.33552/icbc.2025.03.000562", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.33552/icbc.2025.03.000562", "keywords": "Serotonin, Caenorhabditis elegans, Biology, IRIS (biosensor), Capillary electrophoresis, Fluorescence, Molecular biology, Serotonin Antagonists, Chemistry, Chromatography, Extraction (chemistry), Cell biology, Anatomy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417293081\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4417293081\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064246840\",\"display_name\":\"Douglas B. Craig\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210211899\",\"source_display_name\":\"Insights in Chemistry and Biochemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.33552/icbc.2025.03.000562\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4417293081" }, { "id": 4268, "title": "Psychedelics in the context of stress and psychiatric disorders: A new horizon in mental health treatment", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in the context of stress and psychiatric disorders a new horizon in mental health treatment", "authors": "Sha Jin, H.Y. Wang, Xiaohui Wang", "abstract": "Psychiatric illness, particularly stress-related disorders including depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, presents a considerable health burden worldwide with high prevalence, disabling symptoms, and scant efficacy of available treatments. Chronic stress is a major contributor to the origin and development of these conditions, to the detriment of both individual and, by extension, public health. More recently, psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have gained attention as potential therapeutic tools, mainly because of their ability to elicit altered states of consciousness and their impact on neuroplasticity, emotional processing, and serotonin pathways. This perspective paper discusses the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these substances, their potential utility for treating stress-related psychiatric disorders, and the need for a paradigm shift in the prevailing view of the intricate relationship between psychedelics, stress, and mental well-being.", "journal": "Psychedelics.", "publication_date": "2025-10-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.61373/pp025v.0038", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.61373/pp025v.0038", "keywords": "Context (archaeology), Psychology, Anxiety, Mental health, Psychiatry, Perspective (graphical), Psychotherapist, Depression (economics), Consciousness, Public health, Clinical psychology, Persistent vegetative state, Stress (linguistics), Emotional stress, DASS, Fight-or-flight response, Horizon, Social environment, Developmental psychology, Perception, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415151524\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415151524\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762390890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886232664\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281646421\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281787537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282921455\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293282462\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378220014\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383186683\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101902205\",\"display_name\":\"Sha Jin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-2346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091608253\",\"display_name\":\"H.Y. Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8797-4822\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100618787\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-5612\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404675698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.61373/pp025v.0038\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415151524" }, { "id": 3640, "title": "A Phase 1 Study of a Second Psilocybin Group Retreat for Partial Responders With Anxiety Associated With Metastatic Cancer", "normalized_title": "a phase 1 study of a second psilocybin group retreat for partial responders with anxiety associated with metastatic cancer", "authors": "University of Washington", "abstract": "This phase I trial tests the safety and side effects of a second episode of psilocybin-assisted group therapy and how well it works in treating anxiety and distress in patients with cancer that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic) and had a partial response to their first retreat. Up to 50% of patients with metastatic cancer have clinically significant anxiety and unaddressed anxiety and distress may add to the suffering caused by cancer itself. Psilocybin, a psychedelic drug, is made using an extract from the psilocybe mushroom, also known as \"magic mushrooms\". Psilocybin binds to serotonin receptors (natural body chemicals that control moods) on brain cells producing intense changes in mood, including anxiety. This may change perceptions and patterns of thinking in ways that may decrease anxiety. Group therapy may reduce stress and improve the well-being and quality of life of patients with metastatic cancer. A second episode of psilocybin-assisted group therapy may be safe, tolerable and or effective in treating anxiety and distress in partial responders with metastatic cancer. OUTLINE: Patients receive psilocybin orally (PO) with optional booster dose on day 0. Patients attend an individual prep visit on day -1 and an individual integration visit on day 1. Patients also attend group preparation visits on days -14, -7 and -1 and group integration visits on days 1, 8, 22 and 36. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 2, 3, and 6 months.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-10-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06644170", "keywords": "Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System Neoplasm, Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm, Behavioral Intervention, Psychedelic therapy, Group Therapy, Psilocybin, Questionnaire Administration, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06644170\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 472, "title": "Structure-Guided Design of Novel 5-HT2A Partial Agonists as Psychedelic Analogues with Antidepressant Effects", "normalized_title": "structure guided design of novel 5 ht2a partial agonists as psychedelic analogues with antidepressant effects", "authors": "Rongyan Li, Haohan Yan, Yujin Chen, Yangyang Liu, Lingjie Tang, Jing Yu, Junjun Liu, Huan Wang, Sheng Wang, Jianjun Cheng", "abstract": "Depression is primarily treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are limited by delayed onset of effects and low rates of remission. Recent studies showed that serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin can reduce depressive symptoms both rapidly and enduringly. Such effects have been associated with the activation of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A ) receptor in the central nervous system, which has prompted medicinal chemistry studies of novel 5-HT2A agonists. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel 5-HT2A partial agonists based on the structures of the antipsychotic drug aripiprazole and our previously reported lead compound IHCH-7086. Two series of new compounds were synthesized, a number of which exhibited potent 5-HT2A partial agonist activity in G protein coupling and β-arrestin2 recruitment assays. Compound 28c exhibited antidepressant effects in the mouse tail-suspension test without inducing head-twitch responses, supplementing the growing reservoir of nonhallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists.", "journal": "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry", "publication_date": "2025-10-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c02045", "pubmed_id": "41087124", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c02045", "keywords": "Partial agonist, Chemistry, Serotonergic, Antidepressant, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Agonist, Aripiprazole, Hallucinogen, Antipsychotic, Serotonin, Serotonin Agonist, Atypical antipsychotic, Imipramine, Structure-activity relationship, Intrinsic activity, Fluoxetine, Drug, Receptor, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Trazodone, Reuptake, Biological activity, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Reuptake inhibitor, Inverse agonist, 5-HT receptor, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Chemical synthesis, Desipramine, Stereochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415182565\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415182565\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1962252580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024861481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144312659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151463630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157504436\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996405687\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134967225\",\"https://openalex.org/W3147531120\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157708962\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213187673\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200060484\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213368610\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289830898\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311564573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323305766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367668910\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387495509\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389164252\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392156200\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409415903\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412930605\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063585426\",\"display_name\":\"Rongyan Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7575-6411\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Haohan Yan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002828825\",\"display_name\":\"Yujin Chen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-2276\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100393300\",\"display_name\":\"Yangyang Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-0172\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112910328\",\"display_name\":\"Lingjie Tang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050578211\",\"display_name\":\"Jing Yu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-4512\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100616137\",\"display_name\":\"Junjun Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-8633\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100332004\",\"display_name\":\"Huan Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-9552\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078629975\",\"display_name\":\"Sheng Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-8844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038759638\",\"display_name\":\"Jianjun Cheng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-2682\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S162030435\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c02045\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415182565" }, { "id": 451, "title": "Psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonism alters neurovascular coupling and differentially affects neuronal and hemodynamic measures of brain function.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic 5 ht2a receptor agonism alters neurovascular coupling and differentially affects neuronal and hemodynamic measures of brain function", "authors": "Padawer-Curry JA, Krentzman OJ, Kuo CC, Wang X, Bice AR, Nicol GE, Snyder AZ, Siegel JS, McCall JG, Bauer AQ.", "abstract": "Human neuroimaging studies report that psychedelics induce serotonin-2A receptor-dependent changes in functional brain reorganization, presumably reflecting neuromodulation. However, these studies often overlook the potent vasoactive effects of serotonin. Here we identified psilocybin-induced alterations in hemodynamic response functions during human functional magnetic resonance imaging, suggesting potential disruptions in neurovascular coupling. We then used wide-field optical imaging in awake Thy1-jRGECO1a mice to determine whether psychedelic-induced changes in hemodynamics arise from neuronal, vascular or neurovascular effects. Exposure to the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) differentially altered coupling between cortical excitatory neuronal versus hemodynamic activity, both during whisker stimulation and in the resting state. Furthermore, DOI resulted in discordant changes between neuronal-based versus hemodynamic-based assessments of functional connectivity. A selective serotonin-2A receptor antagonist (MDL100907) reversed many of the effects of DOI. Our results demonstrate a dissociation between DOI-induced neuronal and hemodynamic signals, indicating a need to consider neurovascular effects of psychedelics when interpreting blood-based measures of brain function.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-10-12", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41593-025-02069-z", "pubmed_id": "41083844", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02069-z", "keywords": "Brain, Neurons, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Humans, Mice, Amphetamines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adult, Female, Male, Hemodynamics, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Neurovascular Coupling, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41083844\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 428, "title": "Zalsupindole is a Nondissociative, Nonhallucinogenic Neuroplastogen with Therapeutic Effects Comparable to Ketamine and Psychedelics", "normalized_title": "zalsupindole is a nondissociative nonhallucinogenic neuroplastogen with therapeutic effects comparable to ketamine and psychedelics", "authors": "Rajiv Agrawal, Daniel J. Gillie, Alison E. Mungenast, Milan Chytil, Sharon Engel, Michael C. Wu, Kurt Rasmussen, Eliseo Salinas, David E. Olson", "abstract": "Many neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, involve synaptic loss and atrophy of the prefrontal cortex. The rapid regrowth of cortical neurons has been hypothesized to explain the rapid and enduring therapeutic effects of psychedelics and the dissociative anesthetic ketamine. However, safety concerns related to hallucinogenic/dissociative properties have limited the addressable patient population that could potentially be treated with these compounds. Thus, substantial efforts have focused on the development of neuroplastogens─compounds that can produce similar effects on structural and functional neuroplasticity as well as rapid and sustained therapeutic behavioral effects without inducing hallucinations or dissociation. Here, we describe the preclinical pharmacology and efficacy of zalsupindole─the first neuroplastogen to be administered to patients with major depressive disorder. Despite lacking any of the acute cellular and behavioral characteristics of hallucinogenic/dissociative compounds, zalsupindole produced robust effects on structural and functional neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex of rats as well as sustained antidepressant-like responses. These effects were comparable to or greater than those of ketamine, psilocybin, and N,N -dimethyltryptamine, suggesting that zalsupindole might represent a safer and more scalable neuroplasticity-promoting compound for treating conditions like depression.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-10-12", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00667", "pubmed_id": "41078264", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00667", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Neuroplasticity, Prefrontal cortex, Medicine, Therapeutic approach, Population, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Therapeutic effect, Neurogenesis, Ketamine, Amygdala, Pharmacology, Anesthetic, Dissociative, Opiate, Psychology, Premovement neuronal activity, Synaptic plasticity, Psychosis, Psychopharmacology, Addiction, Animal studies, Central nervous system, Animal model, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415115279\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415115279\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1985227285\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987605932\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989757811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996859807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035738053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063683201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078530990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085050037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142002093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2188047686\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291443053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330587564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346390990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414491533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2602754808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742564158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970142577\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002940062\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031349132\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080991315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157088173\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164900028\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311564573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323305766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361285722\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385795863\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386569987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387451491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388407376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405116025\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409415903\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412520959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412930605\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026979217\",\"display_name\":\"Rajiv Agrawal\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061054924\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel J. Gillie\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027306013\",\"display_name\":\"Alison E. Mungenast\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-0471\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109707330\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Chytil\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103579203\",\"display_name\":\"Sharon Engel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000129649\",\"display_name\":\"Michael C. Wu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-6570\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109917559\",\"display_name\":\"Kurt Rasmussen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079618447\",\"display_name\":\"Eliseo Salinas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051474045\",\"display_name\":\"David E. Olson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-0543\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00667\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415115279" }, { "id": 4272, "title": "Psychedelics in Practice: Science, Safety, and the Future of Healing", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in practice science safety and the future of healing", "authors": "Renee Ireland", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted therapies are re-emerging as credible options in psychological care amid a high global burden of mental ill-health and limited response to first-line treatments. Once marginal, psychedelics are now part of mainstream research and policy debate, while remaining illegal or tightly restricted in many jurisdictions. Classic and atypical compounds (e.g., psilocybin, MDMA) act via mechanisms that include 5-HT2A-mediated effects, default mode network modulation, increased global connectivity, and a timelimited neuroplasticity window that psychotherapy can harness. Evidence for clinical applications spans treatment-resistant depression, PTSD, end-of-life anxiety, and addictions. Central to positive outcomes is the therapeutic frame, including preparation, supported dosing, and structured integration, rather than medication alone. Risks and contraindications, regulatory realities, and cultural-ethical considerations (including acknowledgement of Indigenous knowledge and equity of access) will be addressed. Implications for practice will be highlighted, alongside succinct directions for future research.", "journal": "˜The œproceedings of sliit international conference on advancements in science and humanities", "publication_date": "2025-10-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.54389/epsd8792", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.54389/epsd8792", "keywords": "Acknowledgement, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Mental illness, Mainstream, Clinical Practice, Compassionate Use, Mental health, Consciousness, Equity (law), Default mode network, Neglect, Psychiatry, Medicine, Indigenous, Cognition, Psychological intervention, Holism, Public policy, Political science, MEDLINE, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7119484008\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7119484008\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053999291\",\"display_name\":\"Renee Ireland\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4695-6390\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4393919575\",\"source_display_name\":\"˜The œproceedings of sliit international conference on advancements in science and humanities\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.54389/epsd8792\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity,Contraindications", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7119484008" }, { "id": 4271, "title": "Control group improvement lower in psilocybin trials for depression", "normalized_title": "control group improvement lower in psilocybin trials for depression", "authors": "", "abstract": "A meta-analysis comprising 17 randomized trials has found that rates of control group improvement in depression studies were lower in psilocybin trials than in studies of esketamine or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The results suggest that psilocybin's overall efficacy in the treatment of depression might be overestimated.", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2025-10-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/pu.31371", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31371", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Depression (economics), Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Randomized controlled trial, Clinical trial, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Depressive symptoms, Psychiatry, Reuptake inhibitor, Anesthesia, Treatment-resistant depression, Clinical efficacy, Treatment and control groups, Hallucinogen, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415055785\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415055785\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31371\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415055785" }, { "id": 438, "title": "Stabilizing Psilocybin Pharmacology and Tuning Safety with Atypical Antipsychotic Cotherapy.", "normalized_title": "stabilizing psilocybin pharmacology and tuning safety with atypical antipsychotic cotherapy", "authors": "Renner AC, Kargbo RB.", "abstract": "A crystalline cocrystal of psilocin and psilocybin enhances exposure, neuroplasticity biomarkers, and functional activity, while adjunctive atypical antipsychotics modulate serotonergic signaling to mitigate 5-HT2B-linked safety concerns. Together, these inventions advance formulation, mechanistic selectivity, and translational biomarkersoffering a chemistry-enabled path to scalable psychedelic therapy with improved cardiac safety and durable neuroplastic responses across organoid and animal models.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-10-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00595", "pubmed_id": "41256989", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00595", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41256989\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3575, "title": "Efficacy of Psilocybin and Trazodone Combination in Treatment-resistant Depression: a Randomized Controlled Proof-of-concept Study (PSILOTRAZ)", "normalized_title": "efficacy of psilocybin and trazodone combination in treatment resistant depression a randomized controlled proof of concept study psilotraz", "authors": "Centre Hospitalier St Anne", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, significantly and quickly improves depressive symptoms while inducing profound acute subjective effects. The benefit-risk ratio of psilocybin in treatment-resistant depression seems favorable, but needs to be confirmed. Moreover, the role of 5-HT2A receptors, involved in the psychedelic experience, on the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin is still poorly understood. For example, pre-administration of trazodone, a 5-HT2A antagonist antidepressant, could annihilate the acute subjective effects of psilocybin without altering its beneficial effects (Rosenblat et al., 2023). We intend to test this hypothesis by comparing, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effect of two possible doses of trazodone (total or partial occupancy of 5-HT2A receptors) on the benefit/risk ratio of psilocybin. We hypothesize that the therapeutic effects of psilocybin are partially independent of 5-HT2A receptor activation and thus persist even after total or partial neutralization of its acute subjective effects. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a frequent and potentially severe psychiatric disorder characterized by specific neurocognitive impairments. It has previously been demonstrated that psilocybin, a serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, significantly and quickly improved depressive symptoms while inducing profound acute subjective effects. The benefit-risk ratio of psilocybin in TRD seems favorable, but needs to be confirmed. Moreover, the role of 5-HT2A receptors, involved in the psychedelic experience, on the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin is still poorly understood. For example, pre-administration of trazodone, a 5-HT2A antagonist antidepressant, could annihilate the acute subjective effects of psilocybin without altering its beneficial effects (Rosenblat et al., 2023). We intend to test this hypothesis in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II, monocentric, 4 parallel-group proof-of-concept study involving 112 adult subjects with a depressive episode who had failed to respond to at least two lines of antidepressant treatment. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of the following treatment groups: * Group 1: Psilocybin PEX010 (25 mg) + trazodone placebo (pharmaceutical master preparation prepared according to GPP) * Group 2: Psilocybin PEX010 (25 mg) + trazodone 5 mg * Group 3: Psilocybin PEX010 (25 mg) + trazodone 30 mg * Group 4: PCB2 (Placebo of PEX010 (25)) + trazodone 30 mg Stratification factors: gender (M/F).", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-10-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07210112", "keywords": "Depression - Major Depressive Disorder, Treatment-resistant Depression (TRD), Psilocybin 25 mg per os, Trazodone 5mg, Trazodone 30 mg, Placebo of psilocybin, Placebo of trazodone, NOT_YET_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07210112\",\"overall_status\":\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3065, "title": "Towards Novel Antidepressant Strategies: A Comparative Study of Ketamine, Psilocybin, and Fluoxetine in a Chronic Stress Model", "normalized_title": "towards novel antidepressant strategies a comparative study of ketamine psilocybin and fluoxetine in a chronic stress model", "authors": "Domzalska M, Kwiatkowska J, Cichon I, Sokolowska E.", "abstract": "Abstract Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting millions worldwide, yet current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), often exhibit delayed onset and limited efficacy. The chronic social defeat (CSD) stress model in mice is a well-established preclinical paradigm for inducing depression-like behaviors and evaluating antidepressants effectiveness. This study compared the efficacy of both acute and chronic fluoxetine with acute ketamine and psilocybin treatment in male C57BL/6J mice subjected to CSD. Fluoxetine showed no significant effects 24 hours after a single dose or following 7 days of repeated administration; antidepressant-like effects only appeared after 14 days of continuous treatment. In contrast, a single dose of either ketamine or psilocybin significantly reversed social avoidance behavior at 24 hours, with sustained effects observed at 7- and 14-days post-treatment. These findings suggest that ketamine and psilocybin elicit rapid and durable, antidepressant-like responses in this preclinical model, in contrast to traditional SSRIs, like fluoxetine, which requires extended treatment duration, mirroring clinical efficacy patterns. The results support the utility of the CSD model in evaluating antidepressant efficacy and highlight the therapeutic potential of fast-acting agents such as ketamine and psilocybin as alternatives to conventional treatments for major depressive disorder.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2025-10-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-7269356/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7269356/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1096443\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4275, "title": "Neurobiological and Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Psychiatric Disorders", "normalized_title": "neurobiological and therapeutic potential of psilocybin in psychiatric disorders", "authors": "M Loganathan, A Saravanakumar, P. Parthiban, G Anandharaj, S Gobika, D Dharshana, Mohamed Safir Ali", "abstract": "Psilocybin, an indoleamine alkaloid derived from various fungal species, is the subject of renewed, rigorous investigation for its therapeutic potential in psychiatry. This compound, a prodrug for the active metabolite psilocin, functions primarily as a partial agonist at the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Its administration within a structured psychotherapeutic context is associated with rapid and sustained antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, particularly in populations with treatment-resistant depression and existential distress related to life-threatening illnesses. The neurobiological mechanisms are multifaceted, initiated by acute 5-HT2A-mediated disruption of key brain networks, most importantly the Default Mode Network (DMN). This network destabilization correlates with subjective experiences of ego dissolution and is hypothesized to create a state of elevated brain entropy. This acute phase is followed by a period of enhanced neuroplasticity, driven by downstream signaling pathways involving BDNF and mTOR, which promotes synaptogenesis and dendritic spine growth in cortical neurons. This \"window of plasticity\" may facilitate the unlearning of maladaptive cognitive patterns and the formation of new, adaptive associations. Clinical trials demonstrate significant efficacy, though psychological risks necessitate careful screening, preparation, and a supportive therapeutic environment. The translation of psilocybin-assisted therapy from research to clinical practice presents challenges related to protocol optimization, clinician training, and scalability", "journal": "Journal of Pharma Insights and Research.", "publication_date": "2025-10-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.69613/thv1dn30", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.69613/thv1dn30", "keywords": "Context (archaeology), Antidepressant, Neurocognitive, Psychology, Default mode network, Cognition, Psilocybin, Anxiolytic, Medicine, Depression (economics), Neuroscience, Neuroplasticity, Psychiatry, Clinical trial, Partial agonist, Psychotherapist, Disengagement theory, Mediator, Pharmacology, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Agonist, Distress, Sedative, Monoaminergic, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416779935\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416779935\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112984043\",\"display_name\":\"M Loganathan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120707612\",\"display_name\":\"A Saravanakumar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101528304\",\"display_name\":\"P. Parthiban\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115659770\",\"display_name\":\"G Anandharaj\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120707613\",\"display_name\":\"S Gobika\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120569896\",\"display_name\":\"D Dharshana\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Mohamed Safir Ali\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404664124\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharma Insights and Research.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.69613/thv1dn30\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416779935" }, { "id": 454, "title": "Single-dose psilocybin rapidly and sustainably relieves allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mouse models of chronic pain", "normalized_title": "single dose psilocybin rapidly and sustainably relieves allodynia and anxiodepressive like behaviors in mouse models of chronic pain", "authors": "Ahmad Hammo, Stephen Wisser, Joseph Cichon", "abstract": "Chronic pain and mood disorders co-occur, exacerbate one another and share neurobiological mechanisms, but whether a single intervention could promptly alleviate both conditions remains unclear. Here, in two chronic pain models, we show that a single dose of psilocybin induces a rapid and sustained reversal of both mechanical allodynia and anxiodepression-like states in adult male and female mice. Using local psilocin injections, the key active metabolite of psilocybin, we show that the engagement of prefrontal cortical circuits is critical for the concurrent alleviation of both conditions. Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that psilocin rapidly normalizes chronic pain-associated hyperactivity in anterior cingulate cortex layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. Pharmacologic manipulations with full agonists of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors replicated some, but not all, of psilocin’s cellular and behavioral effects, suggesting that psilocin’s actions arise from partial agonism at these receptors within shared circuits governing pain and mood processing. Hammo et al. show that a single dose of psilocybin rapidly and sustainably relieves both chronic pain and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in mice by restoring prefrontal activity through partial agonism at 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors.", "journal": "Nature Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-10-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41593-025-02068-0", "pubmed_id": "41039182", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02068-0", "keywords": "Chronic pain, Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Anterior cingulate cortex, Allodynia, Mood, Prefrontal cortex, Medicine, Psychology, Hyperalgesia, Glutamate receptor, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, NMDA receptor, Receptor, Cingulate cortex, Mood disorders, Psychopharmacology, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Dopamine, Anesthesia, Default mode network, Nociception, Neurotransmitter, Mediator, Anhedonia, Cortex (anatomy), Neurology, Neurochemical, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414747399\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414747399\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963690073\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968280685\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002255891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028380432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031156732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034894507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047010161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053237118\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053472601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058688855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059642410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063938395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068616309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088321899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103112801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107352769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135450573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148694444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152297755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159202946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159612818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166572577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2184646443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400707620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2426802935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2614685571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2663084651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2702360522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789071553\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791689492\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792463819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802693954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886232664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2915731753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969537933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972243545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992915270\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280491649\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294804950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309933714\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366241046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386935684\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387039546\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389891609\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408540649\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409152940\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119813974\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmad Hammo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8754-8672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042402363\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen Wisser\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-2002\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063826264\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Cichon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-9707\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2298632\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02068-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414747399" }, { "id": 4283, "title": "3642 Down the rabbit hole: case reports of a hallucinogen-induced disorder of neuroperception", "normalized_title": "3642 down the rabbit hole case reports of a hallucinogen induced disorder of neuroperception", "authors": "Anneliese McConnell, Wei He, Harry McConnell, Sandro Sprendei, Paul F. Sowman", "abstract": "Background/Objectives We present case histories of severe adverse effects associated with Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), a disorder of neuroperception involving visual and other senses that is due to the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders with hallucinogens. This includes the case of a young woman who developed visual hallucinations of distorted shapes and colours after participating in a clinical trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. She continued to have ongoing perceptual abnormalities, and other neuropsychiatric phenomena with severe effects on her quality of life. Objective To discuss the ramifications of HPPD stemming from treatment with psychedelics for neuropsychiatric disorders and the importance this holds for clinical practice and research trials. Methods We present case histories of people with HPPD, with a focus on a case occurring during a research trial as well as a systematic review of HPPD occurring with therapeutic use of hallucinogens. Results HPPD affects approximately 1 in 25 people taking psychedelics whether recreationally or therapeutically. HPPD occurs irrespective of dosing or frequency of use and may occur in those who have microdosed. HPPD may have serious long-term consequences often associated with other perceptual and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion HPPD is a potentially devastating adverse effect of hallucinogens irrespective whether the use occurs recreationally, therapeutically or even in a controlled trial. It is important that HPPD be screened for and that informed consent is obtained from patients with reference to this adverse effect. Patient education prior to being offered therapeutic hallucinogens is essential for clinical and research practice.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-09-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1136/bmjno-2025-anzan.170", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2025-anzan.170", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Adverse effect, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Perception, Psychology, Dosing, Medicine, Clinical trial, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Clinical Practice, Informed consent, Clinical psychology, Visual Hallucination, Cognition, Psychotherapist, Quality of life (healthcare), MEDLINE, Tryptamines, Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects, Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:38", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415496150\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415496150\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012197023\",\"display_name\":\"Anneliese McConnell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0278-2170\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001625309\",\"display_name\":\"Wei He\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9547-6516\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110073145\",\"display_name\":\"Harry McConnell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120117044\",\"display_name\":\"Sandro Sprendei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052784955\",\"display_name\":\"Paul F. Sowman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3863-6675\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2025-anzan.170\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415496150" }, { "id": 3250, "title": "Gestational LSD exposure in mouse rapidly reaches embryonic CSF and is associated with altered choroid plexus signaling, cerebral cortical development, and offspring behavior", "normalized_title": "gestational lsd exposure in mouse rapidly reaches embryonic csf and is associated with altered choroid plexus signaling cerebral cortical development and offspring behavior", "authors": "Courtney Y, Anderson JM, Lagares-Linares C, Wenthur CJ, Lehtinen MK.", "abstract": "Abstract Classic serotonergic psychedelics engage 5-HT receptors throughout the nervous system, but how maternal exposure intersects with embryonic brain interfaces is poorly defined. Here we tested in mice whether maternally administered lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) accesses embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and whether embryonic choroid plexus (ChP) - a CSF-secreting epithelium enriched for Htr2c - mounts an acute response. Following a single maternal injection (0.3 mg kg⁻¹, subcutaneous), LSD was detectable in embryonic CSF within 5-15 minutes at E12.5 and E16.5. Thirty minutes after maternal dosing, LSD induced Fos in embryonic ChP across ventricles and was accompanied by rapid apical remodeling and increased embryonic CSF protein. In parallel cohorts, psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT, and the 5-HT₂C agonist WAY-161503 elicited a similar Fos response in ChP. Prenatal LSD exposure during mid-gestation was associated with altered S1 cortical cellularity and projection-neuron subtype marker composition at P8; regimen-dependent effects included male-biased changes in SATB2⁺ and CTIP2⁺ populations after repeated exposure. In adulthood, offspring exhibited modest, male-predominant reductions in prepulse inhibition and increased rotational stereotypy. Together, these data identify embryonic CSF as a rapidly accessible compartment for maternal LSD and support a model in which serotonergic agonists can acutely engage ChP epithelium during cerebral cortical development. Significance Psychedelic use during pregnancy is increasing, but the speed and extent to which these drugs access the embryonic CNS remain unknown. We show that a single maternal dose of LSD appears in mouse embryonic cerebrospinal fluid within five minutes and provokes an immediate response in the choroid plexus, a serotonin receptor-rich epithelium that regulates CSF composition. Psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT, and a selective 5-HT₂C agonist trigger a similar response. Mid-gestational exposure alters cortical neuron composition in neonates and produces persistent behavioral abnormalities in adult offspring, including stereotypies evident from weaning. These data reveal that maternal serotonergic agonists rapidly access embryonic CSF, acutely activate choroid plexus epithelium, and are associated with lasting changes in cortical composition and offspring behavior.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-09-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.09.30.677638", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.30.677638", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1094348\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Observational Study,Animal Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 486, "title": "Publisher Correction: Psilocybin's lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors.", "normalized_title": "publisher correction psilocybin s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5 ht2a receptors", "authors": "Shao LX, Liao C, Davoudian PA, Savalia NK, Jiang Q, Wojtasiewicz C, Tan D, Nothnagel JD, Liu RJ, Woodburn SC, Bilash OM, Kim H, Che A, Kwan AC", "abstract": "", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "2025-09-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-09671-y", "pubmed_id": "41023408", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41023408/", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"41023408\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 482, "title": "Differential effects of psilocybin and lisuride on serotonin and dopamine neuronal activity and behavior", "normalized_title": "differential effects of psilocybin and lisuride on serotonin and dopamine neuronal activity and behavior", "authors": "Brandon Richardson, Antonio Inserra, Michael Pileggi, Thomas Prudhomme, Vítor Bruno, Derek Wan-Yan-Chan, Ilia Shareghi-Ghahreman, Sofia Nasini, Tadhg Strand, Marco Leyton, Nahum Sonenberg, Danilo De Gregorio, Jeffrey Sprouse, Francis Rodriguez Bambico, Gabriella Gobbi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-09-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111522", "pubmed_id": "41077262", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111522", "keywords": "Lisuride, Serotonergic, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Psilocybin, Chemistry, Dopamine, Serotonin, Neuroscience, Premovement neuronal activity, Pharmacology, Apomorphine, Hallucinogen, Substantia nigra, 5-HT receptor, Electrophysiology, Raphe nuclei, Autoreceptor, Neuron, Midbrain, Agonist, Methysergide, Median raphe nucleus, Raphe, Intrinsic activity, Serotonin Agonist, Receptor, Psychology, Serotonin Antagonists, Dopamine receptor, Tail flick test, Dopamine receptor D2, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415045379\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4415045379\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W155486802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1949404224\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972160704\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972505484\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990894640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991398637\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999269494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000946580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001197969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002671738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003661541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013228836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015668244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026246966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040729569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043292527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050304150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052170949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057689326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058834215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063194215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070082476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075364609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095270386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098905466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103659596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106588896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128127514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133608824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160504671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2260250317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332481096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516564083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793761191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889525702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980520323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121381676\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220653200\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240975438\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311982880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321088596\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376113773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387495509\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391574526\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393443897\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403328142\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403450928\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410466765\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052103715\",\"display_name\":\"Brandon Richardson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-9216\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084596637\",\"display_name\":\"Antonio Inserra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-5659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073892778\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Pileggi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034328762\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Prudhomme\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-9339\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021635136\",\"display_name\":\"Vítor Bruno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-523X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093396947\",\"display_name\":\"Derek Wan-Yan-Chan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9609-3523\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119333448\",\"display_name\":\"Ilia Shareghi-Ghahreman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068542698\",\"display_name\":\"Sofia Nasini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-9684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104120531\",\"display_name\":\"Tadhg Strand\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057282804\",\"display_name\":\"Marco Leyton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1243-2252\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019957951\",\"display_name\":\"Nahum Sonenberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4707-8759\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023487694\",\"display_name\":\"Danilo De Gregorio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-0661\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006944910\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Sprouse\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-9015\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075148149\",\"display_name\":\"Francis Rodriguez Bambico\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-9986\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010580951\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriella Gobbi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-9825\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111522\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415045379" }, { "id": 505, "title": "Psilocybin during the postpartum period induces long-lasting adverse effects in both mothers and offspring", "normalized_title": "psilocybin during the postpartum period induces long lasting adverse effects in both mothers and offspring", "authors": "Cassandra J. Hatzipantelis, Min Liu, A. H. G. Love, Sadie J. Leventhal, Hero Maera, Srinidhi Viswanathan, Emily Avetisyan, Liana Belinsky, McKenna M. Rangel, Nina J. Jain, Max Kelly, C. Copeland, Yara A. Khatib, Oliver Fiehn, David E. Olson, Danielle S. Stolzenberg", "abstract": "Psilocybin increases social connectedness and has strong clinical transdiagnostic efficacy for mental illness, making it a candidate treatment to reduce maternal disconnect, anxiety, and blunted affect seen in peripartum mood disorders. However, the efficacy and safety of psilocybin in peripartum mood disorders has not been investigated. We used a social stress model to examine the effects of psilocybin in parous mice and their offspring. Social stress induced maternal withdrawal and increased stress-related behaviors - none of which were ameliorated by psilocybin. Weeks later, psilocybin-treated dams were more anxious, regardless of stress exposure. In contrast, psilocybin-treated virgin females were unaffected. Though reproductive status did not affect psilocybin pharmacokinetics, serotonin receptor transcription and 5-HT2A receptor-dependent responses were reduced in dams. Offspring exposed to maternal psilocybin during breastfeeding exhibited anhedonia in adulthood. Here, we show that both parous parents and their children may be uniquely vulnerable to psychedelic treatment during the postpartum period.", "journal": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2025-09-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-64371-5", "pubmed_id": "41027992", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64371-5", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anhedonia, Mood, Offspring, Medicine, Affect (linguistics), Adverse effect, Postpartum period, Breastfeeding, Psychiatry, Pregnancy, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Lactation, Physiology, Postpartum depression, Internal medicine, Mood disorders, Clinical psychology, Endocrinology, Antidepressant, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414669838\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414669838\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W625443388\",\"https://openalex.org/W1851689772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1955961313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966187484\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988125482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011521422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044219781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055566656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077786958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094125301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102941960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168788155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2178837340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515583174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2560473817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2593441557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759876743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787927462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885511794\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913988157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921903746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922295186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2939067679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966981220\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024792236\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3181822178\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199380438\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204328699\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207262064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215964700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200373380\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206063518\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206129911\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220665505\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292998175\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310014477\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311849771\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315880873\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318830229\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319461950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362471804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378647709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388176857\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388407376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389365746\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391062842\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391288716\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391687248\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392203338\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395688958\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399960079\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035253557\",\"display_name\":\"Cassandra J. Hatzipantelis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-7887\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100343900\",\"display_name\":\"Min Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-6667\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113593863\",\"display_name\":\"A. H. G. Love\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119783441\",\"display_name\":\"Sadie J. Leventhal\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119783442\",\"display_name\":\"Hero Maera\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Srinidhi Viswanathan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119783443\",\"display_name\":\"Emily Avetisyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5713-8281\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119783444\",\"display_name\":\"Liana Belinsky\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119783445\",\"display_name\":\"McKenna M. Rangel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Nina J. Jain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5347-8539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025038781\",\"display_name\":\"Max Kelly\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-5259\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108786607\",\"display_name\":\"C. Copeland\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117136332\",\"display_name\":\"Yara A. Khatib\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-7100\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087349635\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver Fiehn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-8928\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051474045\",\"display_name\":\"David E. Olson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-0543\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033773664\",\"display_name\":\"Danielle S. Stolzenberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-5299\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S64187185\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64371-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414669838" }, { "id": 411, "title": "Psilocybin inhibits formalin-induced nociception through 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin inhibits formalin induced nociception through 5 hydroxytryptamine 2a receptor in rats", "authors": "Saadet Inan, Paige E. Morris, Scott M. Rawls, Stephanie E. Daws", "abstract": "Psilocybin is found in a family of mushrooms commonly known as Psilocybe. We aimed to study the antinociceptive efficacy of psilocybin using formalin-induced noxious stimuli, a model that comprises both acute and persistent pain in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Psilocybin (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle was administered, and 6 h later, formalin (5%, 50 µL, subcutaneous) was injected into the hindpaw, and the number of flinches and time spent for licking were recorded for 0-10 and 20-60 min for acute and tonic phases, respectively. Another set of rats was used to examine if the antinociceptive effect of psilocybin is via 5-hydroxytryptamine 2a receptor (5-HT2A R). For this aim, rats were pretreated with volinanserin (0.1 mg/kg, highly selective 5-HT2A R antagonist) or vehicle 30 min before psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg). Six hours later, formalin was injected, and the number of flinches and time spent for licking were recorded. Psilocybin (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) significantly reduced flinching and licking behaviors in both acute and late pain phases and pretreatment with volinanserin blocked the antinociceptive effect of psilocybin. Our results suggest that psilocybin produces an analgesic effect for acute and tonic inflammatory pain, at least in part, by activating 5-HT2A R.", "journal": "Behavioural Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-09-24", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1097/fbp.0000000000000856", "pubmed_id": "41017560", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000856", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Licking, Nociception, Pharmacology, Tonic (physiology), Scratching, Analgesic, Medicine, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Anesthesia, Noxious stimulus, Serotonin, Acute pain, 5-HT receptor, Endocrinology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414613808\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414613808\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1563143030\",\"https://openalex.org/W1586414473\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968386572\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977163272\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987223426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028503965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067681618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083895781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090118335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122964464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146578632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897488740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952735648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004362353\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214819177\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281558645\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283584752\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294804950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297493685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313488167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323032819\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389891609\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400449392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402529371\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403605401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407380636\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408540649\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408581056\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408958491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4411522657\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412520959\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009535284\",\"display_name\":\"Saadet Inan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-392X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072647006\",\"display_name\":\"Paige E. Morris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-9051\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108616139\",\"display_name\":\"Scott M. Rawls\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5097905059\",\"display_name\":\"Stephanie E. Daws\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9181514\",\"source_display_name\":\"Behavioural Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000856\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414613808" }, { "id": 3200, "title": "Electrodynamics of the Psychedelic Experience", "normalized_title": "electrodynamics of the psychedelic experience", "authors": "Hunt T.", "abstract": "Electromagnetic field theories of consciousness propose that consciousness emerges from resonant electromagnetic field interactions rather than purely computational neural processes. This paper examines how psychedelic substances-LSD, psilocybin, ketamine, and 5-MeO-DMT-modulate consciousness through their effects on brain electromagnetic fields, as measured by EEG, ECoG, and local field potential recordings. We present evidence that psychedelics act as \"field resonance enhancers,\" expanding consciousness by increasing electromagnetic field coherence, cross-frequency coupling, and epistemic depth. Our analysis reveals substance-specific field signatures: LSD produces sustained coherence enhancement across frequency bands; psilocybin increases oscillatory flexibility and field entropy; ketamine causes dissociative field fragmentation through NMDA-mediated disruption; and 5-MeO-DMT induces rapid field boundary dissolution. We propose that psychedelics' molecular mechanisms-primarily through 5-HT2A and NMDA receptor modulation-serve as energetic inputs that tune electromagnetic field computation rather than directly encode information. This field-centric perspective offers novel insights into psychedelic phenomenology, including ego dissolution, enhanced creativity, and therapeutic efficacy. The framework predicts specific, testable relationships between receptor activation patterns, field dynamics, and conscious experience, suggesting new approaches for optimizing psychedelic therapy through targeted field modulation.", "journal": "Preprints.org", "publication_date": "2025-09-21", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.20944/preprints202509.1813.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.1813.v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1088799\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Preprints.org\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Creativity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3053, "title": "Psilocybin ameliorates neuropathic pain-like behaviour in mice and facilitates gabapentin-mediated analgesia", "normalized_title": "psilocybin ameliorates neuropathic pain like behaviour in mice and facilitates gabapentin mediated analgesia", "authors": "Askey T, Allen-Ross D, Luzyanin D, Lasrado R, Gilmour G, Hunt SP, Tamagnini F, Ahmed M, Stephens GJ, Maiarú M.", "abstract": "Chronic pain states are challenging to control with current drug therapies. Here, we demonstrate that a single dose of psilocybin can produce a sustained anti-nociceptive effect in a model of chronic neuropathic pain in male and female mice. Psilocybin anti-nociceptive effects were mediated by 5-HT2A receptors, although additional mechanisms might also be involved. Furthermore, a single dose of psilocybin caused a significant increase in the anti-nociceptive potential of gabapentin, a widely used treatment for neuropathic pain consistent with the establishment of longer lasting changes in network processing. Overall, these findings present the first preclinical evidence that psilocybin could be a valuable approach for treating chronic pain from nerve injury and serve as a new therapeutic addition for pain management.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-09-16", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.09.15.676273", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.15.676273", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1085617\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4294, "title": "Trauma under psychedelics: how psychoactive substances impact trauma processing", "normalized_title": "trauma under psychedelics how psychoactive substances impact trauma processing", "authors": "Ophir Netzer, Noa Magal, Yonatan Stern, Tzuk Polinsky, Raz Gross, Roee Admon, Roy Salomon", "abstract": "The Hamas-led attack in southern Israel on October 7, 2023 was one of the deadliest terror attacks in history, resulting in 1,182 fatalities, over 4,000 wounded, and 251 taken hostage1. The Nova festival, an 18-hour rave held in the Gaza Envelope region, suffered the highest casualties in the attack, with over 370 killed. For the Nova attendees, the highlight of the all-night party was sunrise, and many of them reported taking psychoactive substances timed to take effect at dawn. Less than half an hour after sunrise, the first rockets came in sight. As a result, survivors endured prolonged exposure to acute, life-threatening traumatic events, many while under the influence of psychoactive substances. These tragic circumstances created an unprecedented opportunity to examine the effect of peritraumatic exposure to psychoactive substances on short- and long-term impact of severe, life-threatening trauma. From an estimated population of 3,710 Nova survivors (66% male; 76% 18-24 years old), we identified 1,239 eligible individuals. Of these, 923 (74.5%) completed the study questionnaire by February 21, 2024, of whom a total of 107 (11.6%) did not meet the DSM-5 Criterion A for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as they were not directly exposed, and 44 (4.8%) did not complete all questions, leading to their exclusion. This resulted in an analytic cohort of 772 survivors (487 males; mean age: 26.96±6.55 years). The study was approved by the University of Haifa Ethics Committee, and all participants provided informed consent. We systematically collected data on exposure to psychoactive substances and peritraumatic experiences. Primary outcome measures included the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with cutoff score set at 33, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) with cutoff score set at 13. Secondary outcomes included a 0-100 metric of perceived substance helpfulness, sense of control, and feelings of isolation during trauma exposure. Post-traumatic processing measures included self-perceived social interactions, social support, feelings of guilt, and sleep quality. Seventy-two percent (N=556) of survivors reported being under the influence of psychoactive substances during the attack, with most (79.1%) consuming them within the three hours prior to the attack. Due to the prevalence of polysubstance use and in order to isolate the effects of individual substances, analyses focused on participants that were under the influence of a single substance: hallucinogens (psilocybin or lysergic acid, LSD; N=84); 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (N=99); or cannabis and/or alcohol (N=68). No substance was used by 216 participants. Group differences were analyzed using a linear regression model with substance groups as independent variables, and a multivariate model with age, sex and time from event as covariates. Only models with the lowest Bayesian information criterion (BIC) are presented. Additional results and polysubstance analyses are presented in the supplementary information. Significant between-groups differences were found on the metric of perceived substance helpfulness during the traumatic event (F2,247=6.14, p=0.003, R2=0.05). Specifically, individuals in the MDMA (62.6±21.7, β=12.4, p=0.001) and hallucinogens (61.5±28.3, β=11.3, p=0.004) groups perceived more substance helpfulness during the traumatic event, as compared to the cannabis/alcohol group (50.2±20.6). This finding is unlikely to be explained by differential scope and impact of the traumatic event, as we found those to be similar across groups (all p values >0.15). Anecdotal reports suggest that survivors who were under the influence of MDMA during the trauma experienced reduced sensations of fear and threat as the event unfolded. PTSD symptom severity scores differed significantly between groups (F3,229=4.8, p=0.003, R2=0.06), with significantly higher PCL-5 scores in the cannabis/alcohol group (48.3±12.8) compared to the no-use group (39.8±14.9, β=8.5, p=0.006). Notably, mean PCL-5 scores across groups were high (41.3±15.3), with all four groups exceeding the clinical cutoff score of 33 (all p values", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-09-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/wps.21363", "pubmed_id": "40948086", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21363", "keywords": "Medicine, Psychiatry, Cohort, Psychoactive drug, Population, Poison control, Occupational safety and health, Suicide prevention, Injury prevention, Human factors and ergonomics, Cohort study, Traumatic stress, Medical emergency, Emergency medicine, Posttraumatic stress, Pediatrics, Psychological intervention, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414167960\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414167960\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1810864195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970298353\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402555562\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054583224\",\"display_name\":\"Ophir Netzer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036464212\",\"display_name\":\"Noa Magal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-3712\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014259366\",\"display_name\":\"Yonatan Stern\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-8165\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5094300368\",\"display_name\":\"Tzuk Polinsky\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080803662\",\"display_name\":\"Raz Gross\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-2430\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061143819\",\"display_name\":\"Roee Admon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-5111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075194192\",\"display_name\":\"Roy Salomon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-617X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S183644930\",\"source_display_name\":\"World Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21363\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414167960" }, { "id": 456, "title": "Emerging mechanisms of psilocybin-induced neuroplasticity.", "normalized_title": "emerging mechanisms of psilocybin induced neuroplasticity", "authors": "Sonda S, Pendin D, Comai S, De Martin S, Manfredi P, Mattarei A.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, is gaining attention for its rapid and sustained therapeutic effects in depression and other hard-to-treat neuropsychiatric conditions, potentially through its capacity to enhance neuronal plasticity. While its neuroplastic and therapeutic effects are commonly attributed to serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation, emerging evidence reveals a more nuanced pharmacological profile involving multiple serotonin receptor subtypes and nonserotonergic targets such as TrkB. This review integrates current findings on the molecular interactome of psilocin (psilocybin active metabolite), emphasizing receptor selectivity, biased agonism, and intracellular receptor localization. Together, these insights offer a refined framework for understanding psilocybin's enduring effects and guiding the development of next-generation neuroplastogens with improved specificity and safety.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-09-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.tips.2025.08.012", "pubmed_id": "40957728", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2025.08.012", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Neuronal Plasticity, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40957728\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5626, "title": "Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor SignalingAnalysis Reveals Psychedelic Biased Agonism", "normalized_title": "serotonin 5 ht2c receptor signalinganalysis reveals psychedelic biased agonism", "authors": "Emma M. Bonniwell (14267047), Rana Alabdali (22241286), Joseph J. Hennessey (22241289), John L. McKee (22179170), Natalie G. Cavalco (20388684), Josie C. Lammers (22241292), Ethan J. Moore (22241295), Luca Franchini (10578054), Cesare Orlandi (204175), John D. McCorvy (1416910)", "abstract": "The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C) is a G protein-coupled receptor implicated in multiple physiological and psychological processes and has been investigated as a therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric conditions such as obesity, drug abuse, and depression. With renewed interest in serotonergic psychedelics for treating depression, 5-HT2C may contribute to psychedelic-induced therapeutic effects. Despite earlier evidence of 5-HT2C G protein coupling promiscuity, the full signaling landscape remains incompletely characterized, which may help explain the limited efficacy and potential cancer risks associated with lorcaserin. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of 5-HT2C signaling, confirming and building upon previous findings that the receptor engages Gi/o/z and G12/13 proteins in addition to its primary Gq/11 pathway, and that it preferentially recruits β-arrestin2 over β-arrestin1. We also show that increased RNA editing of the receptor attenuates signaling across all G protein pathways, particularly for G12/13, while preserving β-arrestin recruitment. Profiling of both 5-HT2C-selective and psychedelic ligands reveals diverse signaling profiles, with serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD and psilocin exhibiting a striking Gq/11 bias due to minimal secondary G protein activation. Altogether, this work provides a foundation for incorporating a broader view of 5-HT2C signaling modalities into future investigations of 5-HT2C drug development efforts.", "journal": "Figshare", "publication_date": "2025-09-12", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00647.s001", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Serotonin_5_HT_sub_2C_sub_Receptor_Signaling_Analysis_Reveals_Psychedelic_Biased_Agonism/30120024", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Receptor, Functional selectivity, Signal transduction, Agonism, Serotonin Antagonists, G protein-coupled receptor, Serotonin, Biology, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT2C receptor, Pharmacology, Psychology, Drug, Hallucinogen, Cell signaling, Arrestin, Chemistry, Drug discovery, Modalities, Computational biology, Regulator, G protein, Cell biology, Signalling, Bioinformatics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7111383702\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7111383702\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Emma M. Bonniwell (14267047)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Rana Alabdali (22241286)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Joseph J. Hennessey (22241289)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"John L. McKee (22179170)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Natalie G. Cavalco (20388684)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Josie C. Lammers (22241292)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Ethan J. Moore (22241295)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Luca Franchini (10578054)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Cesare Orlandi (204175)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"John D. McCorvy (1416910)\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196282\",\"source_display_name\":\"Figshare\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Serotonin_5_HT_sub_2C_sub_Receptor_Signaling_Analysis_Reveals_Psychedelic_Biased_Agonism/30120024\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7111383702" }, { "id": 488, "title": "Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Signaling Analysis Reveals Psychedelic Biased Agonism.", "normalized_title": "serotonin 5 ht2c receptor signaling analysis reveals psychedelic biased agonism", "authors": "Bonniwell EM, Alabdali R, Hennessey JJ, McKee JL, Cavalco NG, Lammers JC, Moore EJ, Franchini L, Orlandi C, McCorvy JD.", "abstract": "The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C) is a G protein-coupled receptor implicated in multiple physiological and psychological processes and has been investigated as a therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric conditions such as obesity, drug abuse, and depression. With renewed interest in serotonergic psychedelics for treating depression, 5-HT2C may contribute to psychedelic-induced therapeutic effects. Despite earlier evidence of 5-HT2C G protein coupling promiscuity, the full signaling landscape remains incompletely characterized, which may help explain the limited efficacy and potential cancer risks associated with lorcaserin. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of 5-HT2C signaling, confirming and building upon previous findings that the receptor engages Gi/o/z and G12/13 proteins in addition to its primary Gq/11 pathway, and that it preferentially recruits β-arrestin2 over β-arrestin1. We also show that increased RNA editing of the receptor attenuates signaling across all G protein pathways, particularly for G12/13, while preserving β-arrestin recruitment. Profiling of both 5-HT2C-selective and psychedelic ligands reveals diverse signaling profiles, with serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD and psilocin exhibiting a striking Gq/11 bias due to minimal secondary G protein activation. Altogether, this work provides a foundation for incorporating a broader view of 5-HT2C signaling modalities into future investigations of 5-HT2C drug development efforts.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-09-12", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00647", "pubmed_id": "40944639", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00647", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Hallucinogens, Signal Transduction, HEK293 Cells, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, beta-Arrestin 2", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40944639\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414162276" }, { "id": 489, "title": "Concomitant use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics: A scoping review.", "normalized_title": "concomitant use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics a scoping review", "authors": "Tap SC, Thomas K, Páleníček T, Stenbæk DS, Oliveira-Maia AJ, van Dalfsen JH, Schoevers RA.", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics are increasingly studied as potential treatments for different psychiatric disorders. Current research protocols often require patients to discontinue antidepressants (ADs) for at least 2 weeks before psychedelic administration to decrease the risk of serotonin syndrome and limit their effect on efficacy and the acute subjective effects of psychedelics. Moreover, the discontinuation of ADs represents a significant burden to patients that could also worsen their depression status and increase suicidal ideation. Together, this suggests that the general recommendation for AD discontinuation might be unnecessary and even detrimental to the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics. In this scoping review, we summarise the existing literature on the concomitant use of conventional ADs with classic psychedelics in humans with the aims to assess safety, tolerability, efficacy, and subjective effects. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases to retrieve relevant literature from inception to March 3, 2025. Data were systematically charted from included studies. We included 18 studies and found that the concomitant use of ADs and classic psychedelics is generally safe and tolerable, with no increased risk of serotonin syndrome, particularly for psilocybin. Some studies reported significant improvements in depression and other mental health symptoms. While some evidence indicates a potential attenuation of acute subjective psychedelic effects, this was not observed in all studies. Accordingly, we conclude that the use of ADs can be maintained to enhance patient access to psychedelic treatments and avoid the risk of AD discontinuation syndrome. Finally, this review highlights limitations and several knowledge gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed in future randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-09-11", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251368360", "pubmed_id": "40937732", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251368360", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin Syndrome, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Mental Disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40937732\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 457, "title": "N,N-dimethyltryptamine effects on connectome harmonics, subjective experience and comparative psychedelic experiences", "normalized_title": "n n dimethyltryptamine effects on connectome harmonics subjective experience and comparative psychedelic experiences", "authors": "Jakub Vohryzek, Andrea I. Luppi, Selen Atasoy, Gustavo Deco, Robin Carhart-Harris, Christopher Timmermann, Morten L. Kringelbach", "abstract": "Exploring the intricate relationship between brain's structure and function, and how this affects subjective experience is a fundamental pursuit in neuroscience. Psychedelic substances offer a unique insight into the influences of specific neurotransmitter systems on perception, cognition and consciousness. Specifically, their impact on brain function propagates across the structural connectome - a network of white matter pathways linking different regions. To comprehensively grasp the effects of psychedelic compounds on brain function, we used a theoretically rigorous framework known as connectome harmonic decomposition. This framework provides a robust method to characterize how brain function intricately depends on the organized network structure of the human connectome. We show that the connectome harmonic repertoire under N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is reshaped in line with other reported psychedelic compounds - psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and ketamine. Furthermore, we show that the repertoire entropy of connectome harmonics increases under DMT, as with those other psychedelics. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that measures of energy spectrum difference and repertoire entropy of connectome harmonics index the intensity of subjective experience of the participants in a time-resolved manner reflecting close coupling between connectome harmonics and subjective experience.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-09-11", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-025-02190-4", "pubmed_id": "40940591", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02190-4", "keywords": "Connectome, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognition, Neural correlates of consciousness, Repertoire, Cognitive science, Human Connectome Project, Brain Structure and Function, Brain function, Harmonics, Perception, Entropy (arrow of time), White matter, GRASP, Artificial intelligence, Function (biology), Neuropharmacology, Conceptualization, Communication, Brain mapping, Artificial neural network, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414161822\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414161822\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1983208069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072267104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077770566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094377986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116585086\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131181615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159929956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2267939148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2345871294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2615397937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774446342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802491432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2864903410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883082804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898334035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898717395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913125551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951848056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961532790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980591033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981774214\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991342487\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087655361\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3119564285\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194985258\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195093253\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220848255\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226086376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281296002\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318339510\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327914778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378901443\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382930196\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385142525\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387451897\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391678591\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393951628\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401325147\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406047900\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073642716\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Vohryzek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-5054\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065968159\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea I. Luppi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6431\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062608070\",\"display_name\":\"Selen Atasoy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-8462\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963275\",\"display_name\":\"Gustavo Deco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8995-7583\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043559110\",\"display_name\":\"Morten L. Kringelbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-6898\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02190-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414161822" }, { "id": 476, "title": "Psilocybin Enhances Cued Fear Extinction and Extinction Recall in Stress-Naïve, Acutely Stressed, and Chronically Stressed Mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin enhances cued fear extinction and extinction recall in stress naïve acutely stressed and chronically stressed mice", "authors": "John A. Razidlo, Noelle Cataldo, Cody J. Wenthur", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics have shown promise in clinical trials for treating an array of mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite these findings, our understanding of how these drugs mechanistically exert their therapeutic effects remains incomplete. While researchers have regularly employed rodent preclinical models to assess such mechanisms, many of these findings arise from stress-naïve animals. Given that prior environmental stress is a critical component for the mental health disorders being studied in clinical trials of psychedelics, understanding the performance of these drugs in animals previously exposed to acute or chronic stress is of strong translational relevance. In this study, we examined the effects of psilocybin in male mice that were stress-naïve, as well as in those that underwent either single-prolonged stress (SPS) or chronic restraint stress (CRS). The effects of these treatments on corticosterone release, extinction of freezing behavior, and recall of extinction in Pavlovian fear conditioning were examined for each group. We observed that psilocybin challenge transiently increased serum corticosterone in stress-naïve mice relative to saline; however, this effect was not observed in SPS and CRS animals. Interestingly, psilocybin treatment enhanced fear extinction and promoted extinction recall 24 h later not only in stress-naïve animals but also in stressed animals. These findings indicate psilocybin's ability to acutely enhance fear extinction and promote enhanced extinction recall across animals with diverse environmental stress experiences prior to exposure.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2025-09-10", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00462", "pubmed_id": "41244305", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00462", "keywords": "Extinction (optical mineralogy), Psilocybin, Recall, Serotonergic, Anxiety, Neuroscience, Fear conditioning, Psychology, Corticosterone, Exposure therapy, Stressor, Cued speech, Medicine, Infralimbic cortex, Amygdala, Chronic stress, Conditioning, Fluoxetine, Developmental psychology, Cognition, Depression (economics), Freezing behavior, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Classical conditioning, Mediator, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414130775\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414130775\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1520014704\",\"https://openalex.org/W1547500656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1547865271\",\"https://openalex.org/W1641610789\",\"https://openalex.org/W1859587519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978891587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983954953\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996216020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032476754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042393288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070508185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113167245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118659222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136341379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142277208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159338408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165937541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2236432672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285774466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581848244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2754408186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799830923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911340901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954767806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955504961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962664096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985647112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991390907\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008102555\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046852106\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096045630\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3148351968\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178121559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184493436\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224257950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232755968\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241544471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321429266\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362457938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385257581\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385396235\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387047256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389428451\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390973319\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394872761\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396580667\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401212791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405287906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405738640\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406131830\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409310214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410755082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4412424249\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057449473\",\"display_name\":\"John A. Razidlo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-2253\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005483548\",\"display_name\":\"Noelle Cataldo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1076-1534\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077505426\",\"display_name\":\"Cody J. Wenthur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-3842\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00462\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414130775" }, { "id": 3699, "title": "Measurement of Serum Cytokine Levels in Samples Collected as Part of a Clinical Trial of Psilocybin for Treatment-resistant Depression.", "normalized_title": "measurement of serum cytokine levels in samples collected as part of a clinical trial of psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "King's College London", "abstract": "About one in three people with major depression respond poorly to standard antidepressant treatments. This kind of depression is called treatment-resistant depression, and it can lead to long-term disability, financial challenges, and a higher risk of suicide. Psilocybin-a compound found in certain mushrooms-has shown early promise as a new treatment for this difficult-to-treat depression. Scientists believe it works by affecting a specific brain receptor (called 5-HT2A), which helps the brain become more flexible and adaptable. But there's another possible mechanism of psilocybin that hasn't been studied much: its ability to influence the immune system. Recent research suggests that inflammation in the body might play a role in depression, especially when treatments don't work. High levels of certain inflammatory markers (called cytokines) are linked to poor response to antidepressants, while lower levels are tied to feeling better. Psilocybin may help reduce this inflammation, which could be part of why it helps some people feel better. Still, we don't fully understand how a person's inflammation levels before treatment, and how those levels change afterward, relate to how well psilocybin works. Figuring this out could help doctors better match patients to psychedelic therapy and discover new ways to treat depression. In this study, blood samples from a recent study (called the PsiDeR trial) that tested psilocybin in people with treatment-resistant depression will be analyzed. Cytokine levels in these blood samples, as well as levels of another type of molecule linked to inflammation, called mRNA, will be measured. Chronic and elevated inflammation is associated with depression. Depressed patients tend to have raised inflammatory markers compared to healthy controls, and studies have reported that the greatest elevation is seen in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Previous studies highlight the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are linked to poor antidepressant response, while reductions in these markers are associated with symptom improvement. While neuroinflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression, inflammation is also a causal risk factor for physical illnesses that are often co-morbid with depression, such as cardiovascular disease. As such, targeting inflammation in patients with depression may have significant implications for both their mental and physical health. Psychedelics are emerging as a potential new class of therapeutic agents for psychiatric illness, including depression. It has been suggested that their therapeutic effect may partly be due to reducing inflammation. Psychedelics have been shown reduce markers of inflammation in models of human inflammatory disease, both in vitro and in vivo. While, as might be expected, psilocybin was not found to reduce markers of inflammation in healthy human volunteers, in a clinical sample of people with treatment-resistant depression, use of ayahuasca (containing the psychedelic N,N DMT) resulted in a significant reduction in CRP levels compared to participants given placebo, with the reduction in CRP levels significantly correlated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. Ayahuasca consists of an admixture of multiple different compounds. As such, the relative contribution of the psychedelic to the anti-inflammatory effect that was observed is unknown. The effect of isolated psychedelic compounds such as psilocybin on the systemic inflammatory state of patients, specifically patients with depression, therefore, remains to be investigated. Psilocybin's capacity to reduce inflammation, as evidenced in preclinical models, may be a crucial mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. Moreover, while it is recognised that baseline inflammation levels can influence the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants, it is unclear whether this is also the case for psilocybin. This study aims to evaluate serum cytokine and inflammatory-related mRNA levels in samples collected from participants with TRD who took part in the (Psi)locybin in (De)pression (R)esistant to Standard Treatments (PsiDeR) Trial, and the relationships between these and psilocybin treatment response. PsiDeR was a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of psilocybin as a treatment for TRD that has now completed.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-09-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07164755", "keywords": "Depression - Major Depressive Disorder, ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT07164755\",\"overall_status\":\"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 524, "title": "Therapeutic Use of Psilocybin in Depression: a Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic use of psilocybin in depression a systematic review of clinical evidence", "authors": "Andrade FRT, Buchborn T, Thalheimer G, Meinhardt MW, Joca S, de Almeida RMM.", "abstract": "BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant public health concern, and current treatments often have limitations in effectiveness and adherence. Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms, is being explored as a potential treatment for depression. It primarily acts through the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor but interacts with 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors. Its precise mechanisms remain under investigation.Objectives(1) To consolidate evidence on psilocybin’s efficacy and safety for depression and the role of 5HT2a, (2) to identify limitations in the literature, and (3) to highlight areas needing further research.MethodsThis systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines and analyses 22 studies, including randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and open-label studies. The studies cover various populations, including individuals with treatment-resistant depression, different dosing regimens, and adjunctive therapies.ResultsPsilocybin therapy shows substantial and rapid antidepressant effects, often after one or two sessions with psychological support. Improvements are sustained for weeks or months in many cases. Psilocybin is generally well-tolerated, with mild adverse effects such as anxiety during administration and transient headaches, which are manageable in controlled settings.ConclusionsPsilocybin demonstrates promise as a novel treatment for depression, especially for individuals unresponsive to conventional antidepressants. Further research is needed to refine dosing, explore long-term effects, and understand its mechanisms of action.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-09-02", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1017/neu.2025.10039", "pubmed_id": "40899152", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2025.10039", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40899152\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 522, "title": "Psychedelics and mental health: reimagining care through science, insight, and compassion", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and mental health reimagining care through science insight and compassion", "authors": "Georgios Mikellides, Marios Kyriazis", "abstract": "Introduction In recent years, psychiatry has witnessed a renaissance in the investigation of psychedelic compounds, a broad class of psychoactive substances that induce altered states of consciousness, often characterized by changes in perception, mood, and cognition, which were largely shelved following regulatory crackdowns in the 1970s. The renewed interest is driven by a mounting crisis in mental health treatment efficacy, particularly for conditions labelled as treatment-resistant. As research continues to underscore the limitations of conventional monoaminergic antidepressants, there is a growing openness to alternative paradigms that were previously considered fringe (Wang and Wang 2025). These substances can be categorized into Classic psychedelics (Serotonergic hallucinogens, such as LSD -Lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and mescaline), Entactogens, such as MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), and Dissociative psychedelics such as ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP).Psychedelics are being revisited not merely as pharmacological agents but as facilitators of profound psychological and existential experiences with therapeutic implications. This opinion article explores the current state of evidence, discusses the mechanisms by which psychedelics may exert their effects, and advocates for a balanced, evidence-based integration of these compounds into modern psychiatric care. Therapeutic Potential and Current Evidence Among the most compelling findings is the rapid and enduring antidepressant effect of psychedelics, often after just one or two sessions, especially when combined with psychotherapy, but it is also unclear how much of the effect has to do with the therapy. Increasingly, studies are being conducted with minimal or no therapy (Li and Wang 2025). Psilocybin has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Carhart-Harris et al. (2021) reported that in this 6-week randomized study comparing psilocybin and escitalopram for individuals with persistent mild-to-severe depression, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the primary outcome - the change in QIDS-SR-16 depression scores at week 6. Although secondary outcomes tended to favour psilocybin, the results should be interpreted with caution, as the confidence intervals were not corrected for multiple comparisons, making firm conclusions unreliable. Both groups showed lower depression scores at week 6 compared to baseline, but the lack of a placebo group makes it difficult to determine how much of the improvement was due to the treatment itself. Here, and as in the case of MDMA trials below, we acknowledge the need for an ‘active placebo’ use with low-dose psychedelics, in order to avoid unsuccessful blinding (Butler at al., 2022, Wen et al., 2024).Similarly, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown impressive results in the treatment of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). Unlike classic psychedelics such as psilocybin or LSD, which act primarily as 5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine 2A) receptor agonists, MDMA operates through a different mechanism. It increases synaptic levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and promotes the release of oxytocin, which may underpin its empathogenic and prosocial effects. The Phase 3 trial by Mitchell et al. (2021) demonstrated that MDMA significantly reduced PTSD symptoms and functional impairment compared to placebo, with a large effect size and favourable safety profile and yet, this was declined by the FDA in the summer of 2024. The juxtaposition between the FDA's “Breakthrough Therapy” designation and its subsequent rejection of MDMA-assisted therapy by Lykos Therapeutics in 2024 may seem contradictory. However, “Breakthrough” status only reflects preliminary evidence of clinical benefit and the potential for expedited review-it does not guarantee approval. In the case of Lykos, reviewers raised concerns about study methodology, functional unblinding, and safety monitoring. These critiques suggest that psychedelic therapy must meet not only efficacy thresholds but also stringent expectations for rigor, transparency, and real-world feasibility. This tension highlights the evolving regulatory landscape and the need for further multisite trials that balance scientific enthusiasm with methodological conservatism. Mechanisms of Action: Beyond Monoamines Psychedelics primarily exert their effects through agonism at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, leading to a cascade of neurobiological changes. These include increased synaptogenesis, neuroplasticity, and altered connectivity between key brain networks such as the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and executive control network (Vollenweider & Preller, 2020). The transient disintegration of the DMN, often associated with the ego-dissolution experience, appears to facilitate a cognitive reset, allowing patients to revisit entrenched thought patterns with a renewed perspective. This mirrors findings in ketamine research, where rapid antidepressant effects are also linked to neuroplasticity and the reconsolidation of emotional memory (Mikellides et al., 2022). Moreover, psychedelics enable emotional catharsis, insight, and existential re-evaluation, phenomena that are often absent in pharmacotherapy based on chemical symptom suppression. Mikellides et al. (2024) describe the experience as a form of psychological catharsis-a profound emotional release. While some practitioners draw parallels between catharsis and non-ordinary states of consciousness, it is important to distinguish this from a true spiritual emergency. As defined by Grof & Grof, spiritual emergency is more akin to a transient psychotic-like experience marked by identity disruption and disorientation, not merely emotional release (Grof & Grof, 1989; Lukoff et al., 1998). Conflating the two may inadvertently suggest that destabilization is necessary for healing, a notion that carries clinical and ethical risks. Clinical Integration and Challenges Preliminary evidence suggests that the therapeutic context-including set, setting, and therapist support- may influence outcomes with psychedelics. The ‘set’ refers to the patient’s mindset, expectations, intentions, and mental state going into the session; the ‘setting’ involves the physical and social environment in which the psychedelic is administered. (Gorman et al., 2021, Ko and Lewis 2022). However, the specific contribution of these factors remains unclear in the absence of controlled studies directly comparing drug administration with and without such support. These substances are not stand-alone medications; rather, they function as adjuncts to intensive psychotherapeutic processes. Training therapists and establishing ethical, evidence-based protocols is essential. Additionally, psychedelic treatments remain inaccessible for many due to cost, regulatory hurdles, and stigma and a big portion of the cost is likely to be the labor required to do the therapy (Marseille et al. 2022). These authors demonstrated that MDMA-assisted therapy is not only clinically beneficial but also cost-effective for PTSD treatment. Despite high up-front costs, the intervention yielded substantial long-term savings and health improvements, especially when delivered with a third session.In their 2022 study, Marseille et al. evaluated the cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for treating severe or extreme chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the United States. Utilizing data from a Phase 3 clinical trial, the researchers employed a Markov model to compare MDMA-AT with standard care over a 30-year horizon. The analysis revealed that MDMA-AT, costing $11,537 per patient, could lead to discounted net healthcare savings of $132.9 million per 1,000 patients, accrue 4,856 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and avert 61.4 premature deaths. The therapy was projected to break even on costs within 3.8 years, delivering 887 QALYs by that time. Notably, the inclusion of a third MDMA In review session enhanced both medical savings and health benefits compared to a two-session regimen. Even under conservative assumptions-such as no healthcare cost savings-MDMA-AT maintained an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $2,384 per QALY gained, well below commonly accepted thresholds. These findings suggest that MDMA-AT offers substantial clinical benefits and is cost-saving from a payer's perspective for patients with severe PTSD. However, the authors acknowledge that further research is needed to confirm these results and address potential limitations. Current clinical trials are often conducted in highly controlled academic environments, which may limit generalizability. However, naturalistic studies, such as those involving ketamine (Mikellides et al., 2022), provide encouraging evidence of real-world effectiveness in community settings. Comparison with Ketamine and Other Non-Conventional Treatments Ketamine’s entry into psychiatric practice has paved the way for psychedelics. As a dissociative anaesthetic with glutamatergic activity, ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects in patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). It has established a precedent for rethinking what constitutes an effective intervention and challenged the dominance of the monoamine hypothesis (Mikellides et al., 2023). The comparison of ketamine with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in TRD, as explored by Mikellides et al. (2022), highlight that non-traditional therapies can be both effective and safe. Psychedelics are the next logical step in this evolution, offering the potential for deep psychological transformation. who highlight that non-traditional therapies, such as ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, demonstrate both safety and efficacy in treatment-resistant populations. Ketamine induces altered states of consciousness that have shown transformative psychological effects in some patients. Building on this, the field is now exploring classic psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD, which may offer even deeper transpersonal experiences and long-lasting therapeutic benefits.Combination Therapy: Psychedelics and rTMS Emerging anecdotal and clinical evidence (Dębowska et al., 2023) suggests that combining psychedelics with neuromodulatory interventions like rTMS may yield synergistic effects. rTMS, a non-invasive brain stimulation method targeting specific cortical regions, is known to modulate neural circuitry and improve symptoms of depression, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), and PTSD. In clinical settings in Cyprus rTMS Centres has been used for over 6 years, with growing interest in integrating it with psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. The hypothesis is that rTMS may enhance neuroplasticity. This integrative model represents a frontier in personalized psychiatry and warrants formal study. The combined use of ketamine and rTMS (with the Mikellides Protocol) has promising clinical potential, as demonstrated by us (Saabneh et al. 2025, in Press).Psychedelics and Existential Distress in End-of-Life Care Beyond depression and PTSD, psychedelics have shown promise in alleviating existential distress in terminally ill patients. Grob et al. (2011) and Griffiths et al. (2016) found that psilocybin significantly reduced anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer diagnoses. Participants described enhanced meaning, acceptance of mortality, and spiritual well-being following psychedelic-assisted therapy. Comparative Safety and Misconceptions Public and professional scepticism about psychedelics often centres on safety concerns. However, accumulating evidence suggests that, within controlled environments, psychedelics in review are physiologically safe and non-addictive (Zhang et al., 2025, Kumar et al., 2025).Gasser et al. (2022) found that classic psychedelics have an exceptionally low toxicity profile and negligible risk of dependence. Adverse events are rare and usually relate to unsupervised use or underlying psychotic vulnerability. Proper screening, preparation, and integration mitigate these risks. In fact, some experts argue that the relative safety of psychedelics compares favourably with commonly prescribed psychiatric medications..Neuroethical Reflections and the Question of Identity One of the most intellectually provocative aspects of psychedelic therapy is its impact on identity, belief systems, and metaphysical assumptions. Reports of ego dissolution, mystical experiences, and spiritual insight raise questions about neuroethics and informed consent (Letheby 2021). While many patients find these experiences beneficial, some may find them disorienting or even distressing (Yaden and Griffiths 2021). Historical and even recent abuses such as the CIA’s MK-ULTRA program, underscore the potential for misuse of psychedelics. Recent public concerns involving high-profile figures highlight ongoing risks of worldview manipulation. The Role of Psychotherapy in Psychedelic-Assisted Treatment The integration of psychotherapy with psychedelic administration has been central to most clinical trials to date. Although many protocols include structured therapeutic support before, during, and after psychedelic sessions, there is a lack of rigorous randomized trials directly comparing drug-alone versus drug-plus-therapy conditions. This limitation makes it difficult to determine whether psychotherapy is essential or simply supportive. A recent commentary underscores this uncertainty. Zamaria et al. (2025) argue that while therapy is widely used alongside psychedelics, its specific therapeutic contribution has not been empirically delineated. Goodwin et al. (2023) similarly question whether the benefits observed in psilocybin trials are due to the drug itself or to the psychotherapeutic framework in which it is delivered. Naturalistic studies of ketamine treatment provide useful insights. For example, Dore et al. (2019) reported significant clinical improvements in patients receiving ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, yet noted that similar outcomes have been observed in patients receiving ketamine infusions without formal therapy. Additionally, Joneborg et al. (2022) highlighted transient neural changes associated with ketamine treatments, suggesting that pharmacological effects alone may drive significant portions of the therapeutic response. Toward a New Therapeutic Paradigm The resurgence of psychedelic psychiatry suggests a turning point in the field. These substances urge us to reconsider the role of consciousness, meaning, and personal narrative in healing. In contrast to the reductionist view of mental illness as mere chemical imbalance, psychedelics promote a reintegrative model where subjective experience, relationship, and insight are central. Such a shift aligns with broader calls in the psychiatric community to rehumanize care. It echoes the principles of compassionate, trauma-informed, and relational psychiatry, where healing arises not solely from neurochemical modulation but through connection, presence, and personal transformation (Mikellides et al., 2023). The Path Forward: Recommendations To responsibly harness the benefits of psychedelics, we recommend the following: 1. Expand Research: Larger, multisite, placebo-controlled trials are needed to refine protocols and determine long-term efficacy and safety. However, it needs to be clarified that in psychedelic research it may be best to use low-dose psychedelics as an active placebo.2. Therapist Training: Establish more widely accessible accredited training pathways for psychedelic-assisted therapists such as MAPS (The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies) emphasizing ethics, trauma sensitivity, and integration skills. 3. Policy Reform: Advocate for policies that support compassionate access while upholding rigorous medical standards. 4. Public Education: Combat stigma through evidence-based dialogue that frames psychedelics as tools of healing, not recreation. 5. International Collaboration: Learn from global traditions and practices, especially indigenous cultures that have long employed these compounds for healing. Conclusion Psychedelics are re-entering psychiatry not as recreational relics of the 1960s but as scientifically credible, clinically relevant treatments for some of the most challenging conditions in mental health. Their potential to accelerate healing, enhance insight, and restore meaning makes them uniquely suited to address the deep suffering that characterizes treatment-resistant disorders. As with any powerful intervention, psychedelics demand caution, respect, and a framework of ethical use. But if integrated wisely, they may help usher in a new era of psychiatry-one that prioritizes not only symptom remission but personal transformation, relational depth, and spiritual well-being. The path forward is not merely about approving new molecules. It is about redefining what it means to heal.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-09-02", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2025.1649929", "pubmed_id": "40969944", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1649929", "keywords": "Compassion, Mental health, Psychology, Health care, Psychiatry, Medicine, Psychotherapist, Political science, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413961399\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413961399\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W565441131\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964432219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898656233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206736415\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210366495\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213359974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214531716\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288045936\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387674199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388202635\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388424893\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391053730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402564741\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404448279\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407181198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407958909\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409620999\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068875179\",\"display_name\":\"Georgios Mikellides\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-9777\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016958191\",\"display_name\":\"Marios Kyriazis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-0112\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1649929\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413961399" }, { "id": 4302, "title": "Therapeutic Effects of Psychedelics and their Non-Hallucinogenic Analogs on Depressive-Like Behaviour", "normalized_title": "therapeutic effects of psychedelics and their non hallucinogenic analogs on depressive like behaviour", "authors": "Kaylee Reid, Daniel Kot, Argel Aguilar-Valles", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and debilitating condition affecting approximately 280 million people worldwide. Its heterogeneous nature makes it difficult to establish clinical treatment guidelines that address individual differences in treatment response. As a result, many individuals experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD) failing to respond to first-line antidepressants. This increases the burden on healthcare systems and highlights the need for new, fast-acting therapies. Psychedelics have emerged as promising candidates due to their rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, with compounds such as psilocybin demonstrating the ability to enhance neuroplasticity through 5-HT2A receptor activation. However, their hallucinogenic properties limit clinical accessibility, necessitating intensive therapeutic supervision. Non-hallucinogenic analogs, like 2-bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide (2-Br-LSD), offer a potentially safer alternative by promoting neuroplasticity without causing hallucinations. Indeed, it still remains unclear whether hallucinatory activity is required for therapeutic benefit. This thesis examines the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and 2-Br-LSD in rodent models of depression following chronic stress. It is hypothesized that both compounds will reduce depression-like behaviours in mice by modulating neural circuits involved in mood regulation. By investigating whether the therapeutic benefits can occur without hallucinations, this work aims to assess the potential of 2-Br-LSD as a more accessible treatment option for TRD.", "journal": "Carleton undergraduate journal of science.", "publication_date": "2025-09-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5286", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5286", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413920645\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413920645\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119515536\",\"display_name\":\"Kaylee Reid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Daniel Kot\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018003707\",\"display_name\":\"Argel Aguilar-Valles\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-1138\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404668906\",\"source_display_name\":\"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.22215/cujs.v5i1.5286\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413920645" }, { "id": 4298, "title": "Neuroplasticity and Neuro-Generation: The Promise of Psychedelics in Dementia Care", "normalized_title": "neuroplasticity and neuro generation the promise of psychedelics in dementia care", "authors": "Kerem Kemal Soylemez, Emma Marie de Boo, Aysil Susuzlu, Joanne Lusher", "abstract": "Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterised by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioural changes. Patients suffering from dementia often experience emotional distress, sadness and depression which also impacts the wellbeing of their caregivers. Recent research has explored the potential of psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, when treating various mental health conditions. Psychedelics are known to alter perception, mood and cognition by affecting serotonin receptors in the brain. Studies suggest that psychedelics may be a promising treatment for dementia patients and promote neuroplasticity, reduce neuroinflammation and enhance cognitive flexibility. These effects could potentially lead to a reduction in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and improve the patients’ quality of life. Additionally, psychedelics might contribute to the prevention of dementia by fostering brain health and resilience against age-related decline. The application of psychedelics in dementia care might pose significant safety and ethical concerns. The present paper provides a narrative review of the existing literature on the use of psychedelics in treatment of dementia and its different types (Alzheimer’s) with the aim to raise awareness on the topic from a critical perspective.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2025-09-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives4030031", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4030031", "keywords": "Neuroplasticity, Dementia, Neuroscience, Psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Disease, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413908189\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413908189\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1720436125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1805975457\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1906251018\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983789627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069492583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120296399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138685200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2283442840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756173155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770435026\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802173961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912561908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916413985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921629172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2934017704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971752404\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080361799\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085274948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201526264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217718387\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206759226\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240214838\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241875855\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280629250\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289527118\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293282462\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294723946\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295183047\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295789857\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296082062\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383988993\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385636083\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390628394\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394009974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693273\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400513312\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403350173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404724326\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409667310\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409674093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410119026\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092566431\",\"display_name\":\"Kerem Kemal Soylemez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116553231\",\"display_name\":\"Emma Marie de Boo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119511172\",\"display_name\":\"Aysil Susuzlu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013947619\",\"display_name\":\"Joanne Lusher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-0255\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4030031\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413908189" }, { "id": 545, "title": "Separate or inseparable? Serotonin and dopamine system interactions may underlie the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for anorexia nervosa", "normalized_title": "separate or inseparable serotonin and dopamine system interactions may underlie the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for anorexia nervosa", "authors": "McCoy K, Reed F, Conn K, Foldi CJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as a promising treatment for a range of mental health conditions, including anorexia nervosa. Recent insights from animal models and human imaging studies suggest psilocybin enhances cognitive flexibility and modifies reward processing - two core processes disrupted in anorexia nervosa. Both cognitive flexibility and reward processing are highly dependent on interactions between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems in key brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Psilocybin’s influence on neuroplasticity, particularly in promoting structural and functional changes in neural circuits, underpins its therapeutic potential. While its effects are predominantly attributed to activity of the 5-HT2A receptor subtype, recent evidence suggests a broader network of brain receptor interactions, particularly those with dopaminergic pathways, plays a crucial role. Investigations using rodent models reveal that psilocybin induces both rapid and enduring neuroplastic changes, improving cognitive flexibility through these complex neurochemical mechanisms. Advances in real-time in vivo neurochemical recording now allow simultaneous monitoring of 5-HT and DA signalling, which will provide essential insights into their distinct and coordinated actions during cognitive performance. This integrative framework highlights the need for further research into psilocybin’s dual modulation of 5-HT and DA systems to optimize its therapeutic applications for anorexia nervosa, a life-threatening condition that is characterized by impairments in cognitive flexibility and reward processing.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-08-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/AGR/IND609297819", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"IND609297819\",\"source\":\"AGR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 557, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant depression in the US: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy for treatment resistant depression in the us a model based cost effectiveness analysis", "authors": "Anton L.V. Avanceña, Linh N. Vuong, James G. Kahn, Elliot Marseille", "abstract": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) has been shown in early trials to reduce the symptoms of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of PAT as a third-line treatment for major depressive disorder compared to standard of care (SOC). We used an individual-level, probabilistic simulation model that portrays representative US adults with TRD who receive SOC (pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and esketamine nasal spray) and PAT over 12 months. We assumed the total cost of PAT was $5000, which we varied in sensitivity analyses ($3000-20,000). We calculated total costs, health effects (in terms of quality-adjusted life years [QALYs] gained), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) from limited healthcare and societal perspectives. PAT leads to an additional 0.031 QALYs and $3639 costs compared to SOC over 12 months, giving an ICER of $117,517 per QALY gained from a limited healthcare perspective. Using a $150,000 cost-effectiveness threshold, PAT had a 75% probability of being the cost-effective choice, and it was associated with a lower expected loss than SOC ($301 vs. $1307). Results were sensitive to uncertainty in model parameters, particularly the cost of PAT. PAT had a 1% probability of being cost-effective when its overall costs were $10,000 and 95% when its costs were $3000. This cost-effectiveness analysis found that when its costs are $5000 or less, PAT may offer economic value compared to available TRD treatments. Future studies can explore ways to reduce the cost of PAT and to understand its long-term effectiveness in maintaining remission and reducing the risk of relapse.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-08-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-025-03556-4", "pubmed_id": "40883271", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03556-4", "keywords": "Medicine, Treatment-resistant depression, Quality-adjusted life year, Cost effectiveness, Depression (economics), Quality of life (healthcare), Cost-utility analysis, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Cost-benefit analysis, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Nursing, Biology, Macroeconomics, Cognition, Economics, Ecology, Risk analysis (engineering), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413817374\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413817374\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970708247\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986111824\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996198481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005180789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014841928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039156670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047150120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063636797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081775967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118707799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129106427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130587165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166394031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2256478365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2302122362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2541285986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551536312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787885435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792270412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792698409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802320676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804598038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810894650\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914902447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946080221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946661342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948816951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952578240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961020354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973759191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978338010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979128349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984280663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998434856\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008073826\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011083165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015092527\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093269897\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110634754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3114414169\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146268156\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149986569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152628277\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160306775\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164632875\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171546624\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175374335\",\"https://openalex.org/W3206510151\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205208574\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205900283\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206006624\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214531716\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214556654\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225403218\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226062002\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283809381\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291721232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296888858\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298087471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311508922\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365444032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379095570\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384925625\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385396235\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386021334\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387473380\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388603987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389392873\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405638624\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066710208\",\"display_name\":\"Anton L.V. Avanceña\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-870X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016155904\",\"display_name\":\"Linh N. Vuong\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052308665\",\"display_name\":\"James G. Kahn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-7233\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010247183\",\"display_name\":\"Elliot Marseille\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-1143\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03556-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413817374" }, { "id": 4311, "title": "Psychedelic Rejuvenation Hypothesis: A Framework for Cellular and Psychological Rejuvenation", "normalized_title": "psychedelic rejuvenation hypothesis a framework for cellular and psychological rejuvenation", "authors": "Tony Montgomery, DeMond M. Grant", "abstract": "Recent research into classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, and DMT, has highlighted their therapeutic potential for mental health disorders. However, emerging evidence suggests their utility may extend beyond treatment into the realm of preventive medicine. This manuscript proposes a novel framework positioning psychedelics as agents of cellular and psychological rejuvenation. Drawing from preclinical and early human studies, we explore how psychedelics modulate core aging pathways including neuroplasticity, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and telomere dynamics. These compounds appear to not only repair dysregulated brain states but also engage biological mechanisms implicated in resilience, longevity, and cognitive preservation. The psychological benefits, such as increased openness, emotional flexibility, and stress reduction, are supported by durable shifts in brain network dynamics, particularly through 5-HT₂A receptor activation and increased neural entropy. We argue that these effects mirror well-known adaptations to exercise and other hormetic stressors. Integration, often overlooked in research, may be the behavioral bridge that converts these neurobiological changes into lasting lifestyle improvements, making psychedelics not just a reset, but a catalyst for sustained change. While limitations exist, including the need for long-term data and diverse sampling, this framework encourages a shift in how we study and apply psychedelics, not solely as treatments, but as tools for proactive health optimization. Future research should investigate how psychedelics, when combined with intentional integration and lifestyle interventions, might extend healthspan and promote whole-system rejuvenation.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-08-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.31124/advance.175630073.36585408/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.175630073.36585408/v1", "keywords": "Rejuvenation, Psychology, Medicine, Gerontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413745231\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413745231\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119448128\",\"display_name\":\"Tony Montgomery\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"DeMond M. Grant\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.175630073.36585408/v1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Telomeres,Longevity,Mitochondrial Function,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413745231" }, { "id": 362, "title": "Pharmacological characterisation of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT discriminative cues in the rat and their translational value for identifying novel psychedelics", "normalized_title": "pharmacological characterisation of psilocybin and 5 meo dmt discriminative cues in the rat and their translational value for identifying novel psychedelics", "authors": "Guy A. Higgins, Cam MacMillan, Inés de Lannoy, Carolyn M. Tyler, Malik Slassi", "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Drug discrimination procedures have made important contributions to the pre-clinical investigation of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). One of the most important being to highlight the critical role of central 5-HT2A receptor agonism as a mediator of hallucinogenic activity, and secondly, drugs that fully generalise to a 5-HT2A receptor agonist cued drug discrimination in rodents, may elicit hallucinogenic activity in humans, showing a forward translational value. However, there is relatively little information about how clinical exposures associated with hallucinations back-translate to generalisation profiles in the rat. METHODS: The present series of experiments utilised two cohorts of male Sprague-Dawley rats, one trained to a psilocybin (0.5 mg/kg SC) cue, and the second trained to a 5-MeO-DMT (1 mg/kg SC) cue. RESULTS: Tests of substitution and antagonism supported the primary role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, respectively, in the mediation of each cue. Plasma exposures of psilocin required for generalisation to the psilocybin cue (5-52 ng/mL) overlapped with clinical exposures associated with perceptual effects in humans. With respect to DMT and LSD, higher exposures were required in the rat compared to humans. Time-course studies using an approximate ED90 dose of each psychedelic showed differing temporal profiles in terms of duration of drug-lever generalisation, with LSD > psilocybin > 5-MeO-DMT ⩾ DMT, showing good agreement with clinical experience. With the exception of LSD, there was a good temporal association between plasma exposure and drug lever generalisation. The disconnect noted for LSD is mirrored by similar findings in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the present studies both support and extend the value of the drug discrimination assay as a translational approach to the pre-clinical study of psychedelic drugs.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-08-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251361453", "pubmed_id": "40862395", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251361453", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Neuroscience, Value (mathematics), Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Computer science, Machine learning, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413761559\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413761559\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1727963951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963690073\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974228627\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975006228\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979676351\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983135802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986445373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990635352\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001116453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024254226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034511256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038393570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038588928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040497662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047050449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055343010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057298190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071873589\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075390507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082372794\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083916652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086554492\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090369849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113573149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118100568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121264019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126900649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127165654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266545082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2309497242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325885586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597419566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790698047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794166569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951810393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988260994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007555931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125697614\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205688202\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211131282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229446764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295190209\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311564573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311766514\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323305766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366742769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377940122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385196978\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390754503\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391071347\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396732522\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404786984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405176107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408608578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410095934\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027303286\",\"display_name\":\"Guy A. Higgins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-8697\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010506560\",\"display_name\":\"Cam MacMillan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002854199\",\"display_name\":\"Inés de Lannoy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066464893\",\"display_name\":\"Carolyn M. Tyler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058420709\",\"display_name\":\"Malik Slassi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251361453\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413761559" }, { "id": 415, "title": "Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "short and long term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin", "authors": "Ross J. Purple, Rahul Gupta, Christopher W. Thomas, Caroline T. Golden, Nicola Palomero-Gallagher, Robin Carhartt-Harris, Seán Froudist-Walsh, Matthew W. Jones", "abstract": "We quantify cellular- and circuit-resolution neural network dynamics following therapeutically relevant doses of the psychedelic psilocybin. Using chronically implanted Neuropixels probes, we recorded local field potentials (LFP) alongside action potentials from hundreds of neurons spanning infralimbic, prelimbic and cingulate subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex of freely-behaving adult rats. Psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg i.p.) unmasked 100 Hz high frequency oscillations that were most pronounced within the infralimbic cortex, persisted for approximately 1 h post-injection and were accompanied by decreased net neuronal firing rates and reduced spike-train complexity. These acute effects were more prominent during resting behaviour than during performance of a sustained attention task. LFP1-, 2- and 6-days post-psilocybin showed gradually-emerging increases in beta and low-gamma (20-60 Hz) power, specific to the infralimbic cortex. These findings reveal features of psychedelic action not readily detectable in human brain imaging, implicating infralimbic network oscillations as potential biomarkers of psychedelic-induced network plasticity over multi-day timescales.", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-08-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03182-y", "pubmed_id": "40858779", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03182-y", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Prefrontal cortex, Psychology, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Term (time), Cognitive psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition, Physics, Quantum mechanics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413683528\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413683528\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1812482953\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978569191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981485683\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014643576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036802268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041601179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046198005\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047347093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071655746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085598752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109051477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111990860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137478377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162013747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162763711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2395365690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2548043919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755647903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756956075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2777987555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885634015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991342487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995495462\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039116382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095530399\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160765419\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195071781\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201662917\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202449308\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203708166\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207033364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214570845\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287981303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315928472\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381189461\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381804317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385196978\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385272503\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387866883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388439767\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390691843\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395688958\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401339608\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405027754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408783890\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410137899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410755082\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048391309\",\"display_name\":\"Ross J. Purple\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-8106\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075937808\",\"display_name\":\"Rahul Gupta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-3718\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052690772\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher W. Thomas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-7257\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002925558\",\"display_name\":\"Caroline T. Golden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-3975\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003889607\",\"display_name\":\"Nicola Palomero-Gallagher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-8578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114622968\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhartt-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085818890\",\"display_name\":\"Seán Froudist-Walsh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4070-067X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023244550\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5396-3108\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03182-y\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413683528" }, { "id": 416, "title": "Above the threshold, beyond the trip: the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity and antidepressant effects.", "normalized_title": "above the threshold beyond the trip the role of the 5 ht2a receptor in psychedelic induced neuroplasticity and antidepressant effects", "authors": "Drewko AJ, Habets RLP, Brunt TM.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics, including the recreationally used psilocybin and LSD, have become promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. While it is generally agreed that they exhibit their antidepressant effects by inducing rapid and sustained neuroplasticity, the molecular mechanisms responsible are widely debated. In particular, the role of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, known to mediate the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics, is under scrutiny. However, many studies remain in conflict on whether action at the receptor is also required for neuroplastic effects. In this narrative review, we examine the available evidence for the involvement of the 5-HT2A receptor in neuroplasticity induction and the possibly antidepressant effects of psychedelics. Firstly, we review the role of decreased neuroplasticity in depression, the evidence for dendrito-, spino- and synaptogenesis promotion by psychedelics, and for its possible regional selectivity. We then discuss the current knowledge on psychedelic action at the 5-HT2A receptor, including its role in promoting hallucinogenic effects. Finally, we critically assess the studies testing the necessity for 5-HT2A signalling for neuroplastic effects and present a model of molecular mechanisms responsible for psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-08-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03169-9", "pubmed_id": "40849544", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03169-9", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Neuronal Plasticity, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40849544\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 561, "title": "Psychedelics and the Serotonin Hypothesis of Eating Disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and the serotonin hypothesis of eating disorders", "authors": "Bilenker D, Avena NM.", "abstract": "Recent advances in psychedelic research have renewed interest in their therapeutic potential for psychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive and behavioral rigidity. This review examines the rationale for using serotonergic psychedelics-particularly 5-HT2A receptor agonists such as psilocybin-in the treatment of eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). The paper contextualizes these interventions within the broader serotonin hypothesis of EDs, emphasizing serotonergic dysregulation and impaired cognitive flexibility as central features of these conditions. Drawing from animal models, human neuroimaging studies, and emerging clinical trials, the authors outline how psychedelics may promote neuroplasticity and psychological insight through modulation of 5-HT2A signaling. Preliminary evidence from open-label studies suggests psilocybin may improve ED symptoms and quality of life, though findings are early and methodologically limited. The paper also reviews data on ayahuasca, MDMA, and non-psychedelic serotonergic agents, highlighting both the promise and complexity of psychedelic-assisted therapy in EDs. The authors conclude that while further controlled trials are needed to clarify efficacy, safety, and optimal treatment parameters, psychedelics offer a novel, mechanistically distinct avenue for addressing entrenched ED psychopathology.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-08-20", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/brainsci15080893", "pubmed_id": "40867224", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080893", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40867224\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 430, "title": "Chronic psilocybin administration increases sociability and alters the gut microbiome in male wild-type mice but not in a preclinical model of obsessive-compulsive disorder", "normalized_title": "chronic psilocybin administration increases sociability and alters the gut microbiome in male wild type mice but not in a preclinical model of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "James J Gattuso, Geraldine Kong, Bilgenur Bezcioglu, Da Lu, Millicent N. Ekwudo, Carey Wilson, Carolina Gubert, Anthony J. Hannan, Thibault Renoir", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a serotonergic compound that produces psychedelic effects primarily through activation of the 5-HT2A receptor, has shown promise in treating neuropsychiatric conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the effects of chronic psilocybin administration on gut function, microbiota, and behavioural phenotypes remain understudied. The present study investigated the impact of chronic psilocybin (0.1 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, oral gavage) on gut and behavioural measures in wild-type (WT) and SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mice, a model of OCD-like phenotypes. We present novel evidence that SAPAP3 KO mice exhibit social deficits, and that chronic psilocybin increases sociability in male WT mice. Although no therapeutic effects were observed at either dose on anxiety-, compulsive-, or depressive-like behaviour, chronic psilocybin also did not induce psychosis-like behaviours. A dose-dependent effect of psilocybin was observed on gut motility. While chronic administration did not significantly affect overall gut microbiome diversity, reductions in Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus animalis and Alistipes dispar were observed in male WT, but not female, mice. Integrative analysis revealed that a microbial cluster, comprising Lactobacillus and Alistipes species, correlated with locomotion, head twitch response and gut motility, effectively differentiating psilocybin-treated mice from vehicle controls. This suggests a potential host-microbiome feedback mechanism regulating host serotonin signalling, linked to central and peripheral 5-HT2A receptor activation. Additionally, separate microbial clusters were associated with startle response and sociability, indicating that psilocybin may engage distinct neural pathways to mediate these behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of considering the microbiome and sex in future psychedelic research and open new avenues for exploring the microbiota-gut-brain axis as a target for future therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-08-20", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110648", "pubmed_id": "40849086", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110648", "keywords": "Gut microbiome, Psilocybin, Microbiome, Psychology, Obsessive compulsive, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Biology, Bioinformatics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Gut microbiota and health", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413389430\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413389430\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W100895576\",\"https://openalex.org/W1893993890\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965526627\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975180862\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992922886\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997452831\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997608252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008627757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012339641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016586816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016737143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033386838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048272107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076743651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080914771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090842596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100825937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132929849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145496597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150320991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153592313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167756235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171952745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408617109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769170966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899082737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902398393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909472027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2915979496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917608289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2967353456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991014851\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006326598\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016652770\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026296114\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033687039\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036538738\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107521351\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133450788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214823353\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220891506\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220936272\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283726298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285276155\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295292793\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311448180\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311577408\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318475634\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320732021\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323928485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327616659\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376113773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382630770\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383558762\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384663222\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385988534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386056721\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389137509\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390590130\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390732376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392128142\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394840003\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400865722\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403328142\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404007256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405137183\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406874124\",\"https://openalex.org/W6618076328\",\"https://openalex.org/W6649587555\",\"https://openalex.org/W6791354067\",\"https://openalex.org/W6839808577\",\"https://openalex.org/W6860536185\",\"https://openalex.org/W6870243897\",\"https://openalex.org/W6873975181\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000395302\",\"display_name\":\"James J Gattuso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-8728\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015446722\",\"display_name\":\"Geraldine Kong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-8650\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119340227\",\"display_name\":\"Bilgenur Bezcioglu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5736-1241\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Da Lu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-8911\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072645760\",\"display_name\":\"Millicent N. Ekwudo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-6573\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019635231\",\"display_name\":\"Carey Wilson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-9714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047853418\",\"display_name\":\"Carolina Gubert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-1390\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052976583\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony J. Hannan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-8922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006545419\",\"display_name\":\"Thibault Renoir\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-3971\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S160566677\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110648\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Microbiome", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413389430" }, { "id": 3557, "title": "Effect of Psilocybin on the Positive Valence System in Treatment-resistant Depression: a Pilot Clinical Neuroimaging Study", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin on the positive valence system in treatment resistant depression a pilot clinical neuroimaging study", "authors": "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nīmes", "abstract": "The study hypothesis is that the antidepressant effect of psilocybin is mediated by a normalization of the functioning of the positive valence system. Depressive states, especially moderate to severe depressions that associate a certain level of anhedonia, produce an overvaluation of the cost of efforts and an infra-evaluation of the possible rewards derived from an action. Psilocybin would reduce anhedonia and the cost of efforts, facilitating the anticipation of reward. Thus, the antidepressant effect of psilocybin would be mediated by a greater anticipation of rewards (reduction of anhedonia) and a more optimistic estimation of the results of efforts (increase in motivation). Psilocybin-induced changes in the positive valence system will be observable on brain MRI images, particularly in the effort evaluation circuits: basolateral amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventral pallidum, ventral striatum (VS), ventral tegmental area (VTA). The mesolimbic circuit (VS, VTA) is the anatomical substrate of anticipation of rewarding stimuli (food, sex, drugs). The amygdala also fulfills an associative function between environmental cues and rewarding stimuli. Structural and functional alterations in this circuit are associated with depressive symptoms such as anhedonia or distortions in the perception and memories of rewards. This hypothesis will be tested on a population of patients with moderate or severe depressive symptoms who meet the criteria for TRD. Depressive disorders are strongly associated with suicide risk and are the leading cause of disability in the world. Psilocybin is a natural alkaloid with psychedelic and hallucinogenic effects, produced by its active metabolite: psilocin. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of research aimed at using psilocybin in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, and in particular depression, combined or not with various psychotherapeutic programs. Psilocybin-assisted therapy is effective in treating cancer-associated depression and resistant depression. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has designated it as a \"Breakthrough Therapy\" in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Most researchers consider that the antidepressant effects of psilocybin are associated with the activation of the serotonin 5-HT2a receptor, with acute neuromodulation effects that modify the connectivity of cortico-striatal loops, but the mechanisms supporting this effect are unknown. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the antidepressant action of psilocybin is associated with an activation of the brain areas involved in the positive valence system, by comparing the activity of the neural circuits responsible for the evaluation of effort before and after taking psilocybin. The correlations between the activation of brain areas and the depression severity, behavioral activation and anhedonia scores will help establish a link with the response to treatment. Finally, the study authors wish to test the feasibility of a study with psilocybin in a French clinical population.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-08-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06650800", "keywords": "Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Hallucinogens, Reinforcement, Psychology, Psilocybin, MRI, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06650800\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"NA\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 562, "title": "Serotonin and psilocybin activate 5-HT1B receptors to suppress cortical signaling through the claustrum", "normalized_title": "serotonin and psilocybin activate 5 ht1b receptors to suppress cortical signaling through the claustrum", "authors": "Maxwell B. Madden, Chloe Schaefgen, Binita Vedak, Jian Kwon, Kiara S. Dresp Pedra, Samuel H. Sheats, Adam C. Puché, Steffen B. E. Wolff, Brian N. Mathur", "abstract": "Through its widespread reciprocal connections with the cerebral cortex, the claustrum is implicated in sleep and waking cortical network states. Yet, basic knowledge of neuromodulation in this structure is lacking. The claustrum is richly innervated by serotonergic fibers, expresses serotonin receptors, and is suggested to play a role in the ability of psilocybin, which is metabolized to the non-specific serotonin receptor agonist psilocin, to disrupt cortex-wide network states. We therefore addressed the possible role of serotonin, and the classic psychedelic psilocybin, in modulating cortical signaling through the claustrum. We show that serotonin activates 5-HT1B receptors on anterior cingulate cortex inputs - a primary driver of claustrum activity - to suppress signaling to parietal association cortex-projecting claustrum neurons. Additionally, we demonstrate that psilocybin injection also activates anterior cingulate cortex presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors to suppress cortical signaling through the claustrum. Thus, serotonin, via 5-HT1B, may provide gain-control of cortical input to the claustrum, a mechanism that may be directly targeted by psilocybin to modulate downstream cortical network states. Our basic understanding of neuromodulation in the claustrum remains limited. Here Madden et al., identify a key mechanism by which serotonin and the psychedelic psilocybin modulate cortical signalling through the claustrum, a brain region involved in regulating cognition and brain network states.", "journal": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2025-08-18", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-62980-8", "pubmed_id": "40830107", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62980-8", "keywords": "Claustrum, Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Receptor, Hallucinogen, 5-HT receptor, Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Nucleus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413322793\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413322793\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1502362666\",\"https://openalex.org/W1557421799\",\"https://openalex.org/W1575653707\",\"https://openalex.org/W1831597539\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968019923\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969855549\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972464320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975379532\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990724914\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991974510\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994356583\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998811784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004486666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008374290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011904344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013425429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016174164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019400297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019535443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021963844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022561563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025880338\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026480269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033831542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045346664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049691147\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051701625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052702693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071118483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084007108\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099168883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115086145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121166877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132653427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163680698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166045982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167969517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285903269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2295472897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781989649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885746909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892801584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927836703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945258316\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006676863\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014163957\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015339861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023510342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035425961\",\"https://openalex.org/W3119127404\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171015631\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193880105\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211274941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223962547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225773355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251222512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291618524\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298128020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312010221\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312085034\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382931954\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393489617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394748844\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400333801\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402097435\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086561787\",\"display_name\":\"Maxwell B. Madden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-986X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047252189\",\"display_name\":\"Chloe Schaefgen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093819589\",\"display_name\":\"Binita Vedak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Jian Kwon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4706-6724\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119348156\",\"display_name\":\"Kiara S. Dresp Pedra\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077671120\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel H. Sheats\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4166-8252\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039084536\",\"display_name\":\"Adam C. Puché\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-1218\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031985007\",\"display_name\":\"Steffen B. E. Wolff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-0751\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026298510\",\"display_name\":\"Brian N. Mathur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-8625\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S64187185\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62980-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413322793" }, { "id": 563, "title": "Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ketamine and Psilocybin in Comparison to Current Treatment Regimens for Treatment-Resistant Depression, Mood Disorders, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Pediatric Population: A Narrative Review.", "normalized_title": "exploring the therapeutic potential of ketamine and psilocybin in comparison to current treatment regimens for treatment resistant depression mood disorders and post traumatic stress disorder in the pediatric population a narrative review", "authors": "Hughes B, Mirza S, Ponamala M, Sagaser J, Paredes R, Hematillake N, Tailor C, Khan R, Pemminati S.", "abstract": "The stresses of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the burden of psychiatric disorders within the pediatric population, revealing a pre-existing need for rapid-onset therapies that have since driven efforts to expand effective therapeutic interventions. In this narrative review, we utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to direct our report and study selection. We explored the current-state efficacy and therapeutic potential of ketamine and psilocybin in comparison to current treatment regimens for pediatric non-psychotic disorders, including Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), mood disorders like anxiety and bipolar disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We chose these pediatric disorders to eliminate concerns regarding reality orientation and the use of dissociative and/or psychedelic medicines in patients who are experiencing symptoms of psychosis. Also, we briefly discuss ketamine's more widely accepted utilization by medical providers as a pediatric anesthetic, and how this gives credence to further evaluation of ketamine's multifaceted indications in pediatric psychiatry. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of glutamate pathways in the pathophysiology of TRD, mood disorders, and PTSD, and both ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and psilocybin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) agonist, have emerged as promising options due to their ability to augment glutamate release. Ketamine's use for pediatric TRD demonstrated rapid-onset relief for signs and symptoms of depression in children and adolescents, and psilocybin also decreased symptoms in patients with longstanding or refractory depression. Ketamine has been well tolerated and exhibited symptom improvements for youth with mood disorders such as anxiety and bipolar depression, while psilocybin showed promise in fostering emotional processing. In youth suffering from PTSD, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) brought about decreases in PTSD symptom severity, though outcomes varied across populations. Psilocybin enhanced neural plasticity, allowing patients to revisit and reframe memories under therapeutic guidance, especially for those with complex or treatment-resistant PTSD. Ethical considerations are involved in the use of dissociative and hallucinogenic therapies like ketamine and psilocybin in the pediatric population, and we explore some ethical issues regarding their use. Further research exploring specific brain locations and mechanisms of action underlying glutamate modulation by ketamine and psilocybin, and the subsequent rapid-acting relief of psychiatric symptoms offered by these substances, could pave the way for innovative treatments targeting pediatric mental health disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-08-17", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.90425", "pubmed_id": "40970030", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.90425", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40970030\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Adolescents,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 519, "title": "Therapeutic Divergence in 5-HT2A Agonism: Psilocybin and Phenalkylamines for Demoralization Syndrome.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic divergence in 5 ht2a agonism psilocybin and phenalkylamines for demoralization syndrome", "authors": "Kargbo RB.", "abstract": "Novel phenalkylamines and tryptamines such as psilocybin demonstrate promising nontraditional pharmacological profiles for treating psychiatric syndromes. Structural modifications yield functional selectivity at 5-HT receptors, mitigating hallucinogenic risk while preserving therapeutic efficacy. This study integrates receptor and behavioral data to support phenalkylamines and psilocybin as rational therapeutics for demoralization syndrome and depression-related conditions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-08-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00475", "pubmed_id": "40959252", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00475", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40959252\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 598, "title": "Perspectives on Trauma Treatment, Self-Management Strategies, and Attitudes Toward Psychedelic Therapies in Individuals with Psychological Trauma Symptoms", "normalized_title": "perspectives on trauma treatment self management strategies and attitudes toward psychedelic therapies in individuals with psychological trauma symptoms", "authors": "Nadav Liam Modlin, Jessica L. Maples-Keller, Maria Sarang, Lucie Siebenaler, Carolina Maggio, Susannah Pick, Victoria Williamson, Anthony J. Cleare, James Rucker", "abstract": "Background: Current trauma treatment options often fail to meet patients' needs. Despite the availability of established interventions, many trauma treatments fail to adequately meet patients' needs. In parallel, there has been renewed scientific and public interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics and related compounds, accompanied by increasing unsupervised use. This underscores the need to examine patients' willingness to engage with these therapies should they receive regulatory approval and to better characterize patterns of self-administration in order to inform patient-centered care and harm reduction strategies. Methods: An online survey recruited individuals with self-reported trauma symptoms or a formal diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Participants were asked about their treatment history, satisfaction with current treatments, and use of illicit substances for symptom management. Further, after receiving psychoeducation on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin therapies, participants' perceptions and willingness to participate in these treatments were assessed. Results: Of the 873 respondents, 94.8% reported experiencing psychological trauma, with 73.4% diagnosed with PTSD or CPTSD. Many had attempted multiple treatments, predominantly medications and various psychotherapies, but reported high dissatisfaction. Significant rates of marijuana, psychedelics, and MDMA use for self-management of trauma symptoms were reported, with minimal physical and psychological complications. Willingness to try MDMA and psilocybin therapies was high (0.81 and 0.83, respectively). Notably, women and heterosexual individuals showed lower willingness, while younger respondents and those with higher education levels showed greater willingness to try these treatments. Conclusion: High willingness to try MDMA and psilocybin therapies among trauma-exposed individuals highlights the need for further research and clinical trials. Understanding demographic variations in willingness can guide the development of accessible and effective treatment options for PTSD and CPTSD. Public education about potential risks and harm reduction strategies is crucial to promote safe and informed use of these emerging therapies.", "journal": "Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-08-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.5152/pcp.2025.24934", "pubmed_id": "40864832", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2025.24934", "keywords": "Psychotherapist, Psychological trauma, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413381444\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413381444\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037169539\",\"display_name\":\"Nadav Liam Modlin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-4354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081814425\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Maples-Keller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-7332\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093752491\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Sarang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9358-5756\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119371413\",\"display_name\":\"Lucie Siebenaler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047075726\",\"display_name\":\"Carolina Maggio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-5557\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047650713\",\"display_name\":\"Susannah Pick\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-6723\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048557173\",\"display_name\":\"Victoria Williamson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-9856\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088467690\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony J. Cleare\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6990-939X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210198841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5152/pcp.2025.24934\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413381444" }, { "id": 4316, "title": "Intersecting Psychedelic Pharmacology and Gut-Brain Axis Signaling in Neurodegenerative Disorders", "normalized_title": "intersecting psychedelic pharmacology and gut brain axis signaling in neurodegenerative disorders", "authors": "Harsha S. Krishna", "abstract": "Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by progressive neuronal loss, inflammation, and impaired plasticity. Although existing treatments provide limited protection for the brain or ability to slow disease progression, emerging research highlights the gut-brain axis and psychedelics as promising new areas for therapeutic development. The gut microbiome, a metabolically active ecosystem, influences brain function through immune, neural, and endocrine pathways. Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Parallel to this, classical psychedelics such as psilocybin and LSD have demonstrated potent neuroplastic, anti-inflammatory, and mood-enhancing effects. Acting primarily via 5-HT₂A receptor activation and BDNF-TrkB-mTOR signaling pathways, these compounds promote neuritogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cognitive flexibility, suggesting therapeutic potential in reversing neurodegenerative pathology. Emerging data reveal that gut microbiota may modulate the pharmacodynamics of psychedelics by affecting bioavailability, immune signaling, and receptor expression. Studies show that altered microbiomes influence psychedelic responsiveness, with certain bacterial taxa. This review explores the triangular interplay between the gut, brain, and psychedelics, proposing a systems-level model in which the gut microbiota acts as both a mediator and modulator of psychedelic efficacy in neurodegeneration. It highlights the potential for microbiome-informed, personalized psychedelic therapies and discusses microbiota-targeted interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and nutritional strategies, as adjunct therapies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Though preliminary, these findings warrant deeper investigation through clinical trials and mechanistic studies. Psychedelics, when integrated with microbiome science, may redefine therapeutic approaches to brain disorders, offering a transformative opportunity for precision neuropsychiatry and neurology.", "journal": "JUNIOR RESEARCHERS", "publication_date": "2025-08-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.52340/jr.2025.03.03.09", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.52340/jr.2025.03.03.09", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Microbiome, Neurodegeneration, Dysbiosis, Gut-brain axis, Gut flora, Neuroplasticity, Medicine, Disease, Biology, Bioinformatics, Immunology, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Gut microbiota and health, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413142010\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413142010\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Harsha S. Krishna\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210204771\",\"source_display_name\":\"JUNIOR RESEARCHERS\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.52340/jr.2025.03.03.09\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Microbiome,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413142010" }, { "id": 573, "title": "Psychedelics and the Gut Microbiome: Unraveling the Interplay and Therapeutic Implications.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and the gut microbiome unraveling the interplay and therapeutic implications", "authors": "Wang X, Jun F, Lin C, Wang X", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics and the gut microbiome interact bidirectionally through mechanisms involving 5-HT receptor signaling, neuroplasticity, and microbial metabolism. This viewpoint highlights how psychedelics may reshape microbiota and how microbes influence psychedelic efficacy, proposing microbiome-informed strategies─such as probiotics or dietary interventions─to personalize and enhance psychedelic-based mental health therapies.", "journal": "ACS chemical neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-08-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00418", "pubmed_id": "40631920", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40631920/", "keywords": "Gut Microbiome, Gut−Brain Axis, Inflammation, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Psilocybin, Psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40631920\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microbiome,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4319, "title": "Response to emotional stimuli weaker in SSRI users compared with psilocybin", "normalized_title": "response to emotional stimuli weaker in ssri users compared with psilocybin", "authors": "", "abstract": "Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants has been associated with reduced intensity of emotional experience. Conversely, some research has shown that use of psilocybin in patients with depression leads to an increase in responsiveness to emotional face stimuli, suggesting that the psychedelic generates a transient elevation in mood. Investigators conducted a randomized, double-blind trial comparing the effects of psilocybin and escitalopram on brain responsiveness in patients with depression. Participants, adults aged 18 to 80 with moderate to severe depression, were randomized into two groups. In the first, participants received escitalopram 10 mg/day for 3 weeks, which was then increased to 20 mg/day for another 3 weeks. In the second group, participants received placebo for 6 weeks. Prior to initiating escitalopram or placebo, the escitalopram group was administered a dose of psilocybin 1 mg (a sham dosage) and the placebo group received psilocybin 25 mg. The same psilocybin doses were administered to each group 3 weeks later. Both groups received psychological support during the study period. The primary clinical outcome was the score on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline and after 6 weeks of escitalopram/placebo treatment, with testing of their responses to facial expressions depicting fear, happiness and a neutral emotion. A total of 45 participants completed the fMRI screenings. Clinical findings indicated a greater reduction in depressive symptoms in the psilocybin group, based on scores on the Beck Depression Inventory. Participant responses to emotional faces were significantly reduced in the escitalopram group, but remained stable or increased slightly in the psilocybin group. Results suggested that higher emotional function after psilocybin therapy was associated with greater improvement in depressive symptoms. “This study's findings lend support to the view that psilocybin therapy and SSRIs have distinct therapeutic mechanisms of action,” the authors wrote. [Wall, W., et al. (2025). American Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230751]", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2025-08-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/pu.31349", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31349", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Audiology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412941980\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412941980\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31349\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412941980" }, { "id": 576, "title": "Latent Classes of Lifetime Use of Seven Hallucinogens in the United States", "normalized_title": "latent classes of lifetime use of seven hallucinogens in the united states", "authors": "Meredith C. Meacham, Maha N. Mian, Ralph C. Wang, Allison R. Coker, B. Anderson, Juan Carlos C. Montoy", "abstract": "Interest in and use of hallucinogens appears to be growing in the United States, yet less is known about the use of multiple hallucinogens. The aims of this study are to characterize subgroups of lifetime hallucinogen use and to identify sociodemographic correlates of these subgroups. Latent class models were fit using 2021-2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data on a sub-sample of individuals who reported having ever used any hallucinogen (n = 17,977). A four-class model identified the following subgroup classes: Psilocybin (16%), LSD/Psilocybin (46%), Ecstasy (23%), and a fourth class (15%) labeled Multiple substances, with high probabilities of use of psilocybin, LCD, and ecstasy, in addition to moderate probabilities of use of other hallucinogens. In survey-weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses, compared to the Psilocybin class, the adjusted odds of being in the LSD/Psilocybin class increased with age-group level (AORs = 1.5-6.4, 95% CIs:1.3-8.7), and non-White participants had higher odds of being in the Ecstasy class (AORs = 1.7-3.2, 95% CIs:1.1-4.4). As policies regulating and clinical practice with hallucinogens continue to evolve, these patterns of lifetime hallucinogen use demonstrate the overlapping nature of hallucinogen experiences in the U.S. population, which has implications for expanding clinical trial inclusion criteria and establishing a baseline for future trends.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2025-08-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2025.2537040", "pubmed_id": "40760833", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2537040", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412950224\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412950224\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2128918664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171814052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209154703\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216828646\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210807268\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285009955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302362652\",\"https://openalex.org/W4304118763\",\"https://openalex.org/W4304693646\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377967799\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400180748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400495765\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021895747\",\"display_name\":\"Meredith C. Meacham\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5752-767X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069529785\",\"display_name\":\"Maha N. Mian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074553395\",\"display_name\":\"Ralph C. Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-9486\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033235412\",\"display_name\":\"Allison R. Coker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5353-4653\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009662036\",\"display_name\":\"B. Anderson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-660X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063679161\",\"display_name\":\"Juan Carlos C. Montoy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-0243\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2537040\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412950224" }, { "id": 575, "title": "Therapeutic and legal aspects of psilocybin in cancer-related depression", "normalized_title": "therapeutic and legal aspects of psilocybin in cancer related depression", "authors": "Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Renata Kopczyk, Aleksandra Gerlach, Joanna Rymaszewska", "abstract": "Depression prevalence is markedly elevated in oncological patients, particularly among head and neck cancer (HNC) cohorts, who face twice the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to other cancer populations. MDD in this context independently predicts poorer clinical outcomes and increased morbidity. HNC management often involves acute surgical interventions with disfiguring effects, creating a narrow therapeutic window for conventional antidepressants requiring weeks to achieve efficacy. Psychological interventions face similar time constraints, complicating perioperative mental health support. Psilocybin - metabolized to psilocin - modulates serotonin (5-HT2A) and dopamine receptors, demonstrating rapid antidepressant effects within hours rather than weeks. Clinical trials validate its superiority over escitalopram in MDD treatment and efficacy in PTSD and treatment-resistant depression. Despite these benefits, no studies explore perioperative applications in HNC patients. Psilocybin lacks international scheduling under UN conventions, permitting variable national policies: Australia - MDMA/psilocybin prescriptions (2023), USA - Insurance billing codes (2024), Portugal - Decriminalized, South Africa - Prescription medicine. In Polish Context psilocybin remains restricted to research settings, classified as a Group I-P substance under the 1971 Psychotropic Convention. This legal framework complicates clinical implementation despite emerging evidence of therapeutic potential. The critical challenge lies in reconciling psilocybin's rapid antidepressant properties with regulatory barriers, particularly for HNC patients requiring immediate psychiatric support post-surgery. Interdisciplinary collaboration between oncologists, psychiatrists, and policymakers is essential to design ethical clinical pathways under current legislative constraints.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-08-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1591864", "pubmed_id": "40831528", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1591864", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Psychiatry, Antidepressant, Context (archaeology), Psychological intervention, Major depressive disorder, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Mood, Biology, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Diverse academic research themes, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412939048\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412939048\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1792556404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519296010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571059493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789657269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895410484\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127661454\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197013128\",\"https://openalex.org/W4228999566\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283323819\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297146216\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312129061\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380550627\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389992534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395010876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396640466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401405162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401700752\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403729127\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403809829\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403941109\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404822426\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028381150\",\"display_name\":\"Małgorzata Wierzbicka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119202440\",\"display_name\":\"Renata Kopczyk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Aleksandra Gerlach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034602375\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Rymaszewska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-3592\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1591864\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412939048" }, { "id": 4339, "title": "204. A NOVEL, NON-HALLUCINOGENIC PSYCHEDELIC FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCD AND TIC DISORDER", "normalized_title": "204 a novel non hallucinogenic psychedelic for the treatment of ocd and tic disorder", "authors": "Bernard Lerer, Peretz Golding, Michal Brownstien, Adam Kozikowski, Tzuri Lifschytz", "abstract": "Abstract Background We have designed a novel psychedelic-derived compound (HBL20017) characterized by high functional efficacy at 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2C receptors. We assessed its hallucinogenic properties and its potential for OCD treatment on the marble burying test (MBT) and in mice homozygous for deletion of the Synapse Associated Protein 3 (SAPAP3) gene. These mice manifest severe, potentially lethal, obsessive self-grooming and head-body twitches, which are regarded as a model for tic disorders. SAPAP3 is associated with OCD in humans. The obsessive grooming of SAPAP3-/- mice is alleviated by fluoxetine and, in our recent study, by the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin (Brownstien et al, 2024). Aims & Objectives To determine the potential efficacy of HBL20017 in the treatment of OCD and tic disorders Method HBL20017 was tested for functional activity at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors by calcium mobilization in HEK cells and in animal models at doses of 6 or 10 mg/kg i.p. HTR was determined for 30 minutes using a magnetometer immediately after drug injection in C57bl/6j mice (male, 10-11 weeks). MBT was performed 30 minutes after drug administration to ICR mice (male, 10-11 weeks), and the number of marbles buried over 30 minutes was determined. Self-grooming and head-body twitches were determined over one hour in SAPAP3-/- mice aged at least 6 months by an observer blind to their treatment status, at baseline and 2, 12, 21, 28, and 42 days after treatment. Results HBL20017 showed potencies (ED50) of 1.84nM at the 5-HT1A receptor; 7.95nM at the 5-HT2A receptor; 17.1 nM at the 5-HT2B receptor; and, 0.80 nM at the 5-HT2C receptor on calcium mobilization assays. In vitro biological assays showed no indication of cytotoxicity or hERG inhibition. HBL20017 did not induce HTR, suggesting it is non-hallucinogenic. On the MBT, HBL20017 significantly reduced the number of marbles buried over 30 minutes compared to vehicle control. When administered to 6-month-old SAPAP3-/- mice, a single dose of HBL20017 significantly attenuated the increase in self-grooming observed in SAPAP3-/- mice treated with vehicle. The ability of a single dose of HBL20017 to alleviate obsessive self-grooming was seen 48 hours after treatment and persisted 12, 21, 28, and 42 days after a single dose. No mice in the HBL20017 group developed grooming-associated skin lesions during the observation period. HBL20017 also alleviated head-body twitches. Discussion & Conclusions HBL20017, which has shown a favorable safety profile on initial evaluation, did not induce HTR and yielded positive results on two tests for anti-obsessional potential - the marble burying test and the SAPAP3 obsessional self-grooming model. These findings suggest that HBL20017 has the potential to be a non-hallucinogenic psychedelic treatment for OCD. Reduction of excessive self-grooming was already evident 48 hours after administration of HBL20017 to SAPAP3 KO mice and persisted up to 42 days after a single dose. Comparison with the results of our previous research (Brownstien et al, 2024) suggests that HBL20017 may be more effective than psilocybin in reducing excessive self-grooming over the long term. HBL20017 also alleviated head-body twitches, suggesting it may have potential in the treatment of tic disorders such as Tourette’s Syndrome.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.019", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.019", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Plant-based Medicinal Research, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413285218\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413285218\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051454538\",\"display_name\":\"Bernard Lerer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-632X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108285827\",\"display_name\":\"Peretz Golding\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066003352\",\"display_name\":\"Michal Brownstien\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074202703\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Kozikowski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077356873\",\"display_name\":\"Tzuri Lifschytz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.019\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413285218" }, { "id": 4335, "title": "577. CLINICAL EVIDENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHEDELICS FOR MENTAL ILLNESSES", "normalized_title": "577 clinical evidence and applications of psychedelics for mental illnesses", "authors": "Hiroe Tani", "abstract": "Abstract Background Psychedelics have long been explored as potential treatments for mental illnesses. Since the mid-20th century, clinical trials of psychedelics such as LSD for depression and anxiety in terminally ill patients have been conducted. In the 21st century, revived and accelerated efforts to promote the proper use of psychedelics in the medical field have led to increasingly rigorous trials investigating their use for depression, terminal illness, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. Aims & Objectives This session aims to provide an integrated review of the clinical evidence for the use of psychedelics in mental illnesses and to assess their potential mechanisms of action. Method We will explore the evolving role of psychedelics in mental health treatment, with a special focus on psilocybin for depression. The review will emphasize clinical outcomes and insights from neuroimaging findings reported in recent clinical trials. Results The session will highlight recent clinical trials examining the efficacy and safety of psychedelics, with an emphasis on psilocybin, one of the most extensively studied classical psychedelics. As the active hallucinogenic component of magic mushrooms, psilocybin functions primarily as a serotonin 2A receptor agonist. Psilocybin has demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects when administered with psychological support comprising pre-session preparation, in-session support, and post-session integration. These benefits have been observed to persist for several months to a year following one or two treatment sessions. Notably, Australia has pioneered regulatory approval for psilocybin in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), marking a significant milestone in the acceptance of psychedelic therapies. In addition to clinical outcomes, our discussion will delve into the potential clinical and biological mechanisms underlying psilocybin’s effects, drawing on advanced neuroimaging studies that elucidate how it modulates brain circuits implicated in mood disorders. We will also present clinical and neuroimaging data from our clinical trial in Japan, which investigates ketamine and psilocybin as a treatment for TRD to explore the path to its appropriate clinical use. Discussion & Conclusions Through a detailed exploration of clinical outcomes and neuroimaging findings, our session aspires to offer a comprehensive perspective on integrating psychedelics into modern psychiatric practice and to pave the way for future innovations in mental health treatment.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.377", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.377", "keywords": "Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413284846\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413284846\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088715002\",\"display_name\":\"Hiroe Tani\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.377\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413284846" }, { "id": 4333, "title": "544. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF THE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS OF PSYCHEDELICS AND THEIR NON-HALLUCINOGENIC DERIVATIVES", "normalized_title": "544 molecular and cellular mechanisms of the long lasting effects of psychedelics and their non hallucinogenic derivatives", "authors": "Argel Aguilar-Valles, Dhiral Kot, Victor Lewis, Gianfilippo Coppola", "abstract": "Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder that affects around 280 million individuals worldwide, with approximately 80 million experiencing treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Neuronal hypotrophy and axon hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are hallmark features of MDD, highlighting the need for treatments that address these deficits to treat MDD and TRD. Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, have shown rapid and robust therapeutic effects by targeting the 5-HT2A receptor. However, it is unclear whether the hallucinatory effects (which pose a challenge to the widespread application of these drugs) of psychedelics can be dissociated from the therapeutic benefits. Aims & Objectives This study aims to determine how 2-Bromo-LSD, a non-hallucinogenic compound, regulates neuronal morphology, myelination and gene expression and how these effects compare to classic serotonergic psychedelic drugs. Method Adult male and female mice (P60-90; C57BL6/J) were treated with saline or 2-Br-LSD (IP, 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg). Mice were tested 24 hours after treatment in the open field and forced swim test. In other experiments, mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (2 daily stressors for 5 weeks). At the end of this period, stressed mice were treated with saline, one (3 mg/kg) or 4 doses of 2-Br-LSD (1 mg/kg) or psilocybin (1 mg/kg), and tested in the open field, splash test, Y-maze or sucrose consumption. Embryonic cortical neurons from rats (E18) were cultured for 3 or 18 days in vitro (DIV) for dendritogenesis or dendritic spine quantifications, respectively. Following treatment in stress-naïve mice, brains were harvested 24 hrs after treatment. Brains were split at the midline, and one of the hemispheres was processed for Golgi staining while the other was flash-frozen. Following PFC dissection, RNA was extracted and processed for bulk RNA sequencing in the flash-frozen hemispheres. A differential expression analysis assessed bulk transcriptional regulation following 2-Br-LSD treatment. Then, in silico, cell-type-specific deconvolution was performed to parse cell-type contributions to transcriptomic changes on the normalized data using the CIBERSORTx software suite and a mouse single-cell RNAseq dataset from the Allen Institute for reference matrix construction. Results 2-Br-LSD induced dendritogenesis and spinogenesis in cultured rat cortical neurons and increased active coping behaviour in mice in the forced swim test, an effect blocked by the 5-HT2A-selective antagonist volinanserin (M100907). 2-Br-LSD also reverses the behavioural effects of chronic stress, similar to psilocybin. Differential expression analysis of bulk RNAseq resulted in 1520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in females and 710 in males (only 88 overlap), related to cell signalling, axon guidance, and neuroplasticity, which were localized mainly at the synapse. Interestingly, several DEGs are involved in the modulation of PFC myelination, further supported by the deconvolution analysis, which showed differential expression of myelination-related genes in PFC oligodendrocytes. Discussion & Conclusions Our results indicate that 2-Br-LSD has effects comparable to those of classical psychedelic drugs, which have been shown to produce lasting antidepressant-like effects. This suggests that 2-Br-LSD has the potential to be an effective treatment for MDD.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.363", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.363", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Medicine, Biochemistry, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413284752\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413284752\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018003707\",\"display_name\":\"Argel Aguilar-Valles\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-1138\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056620697\",\"display_name\":\"Dhiral Kot\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053215443\",\"display_name\":\"Victor Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-8586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037473598\",\"display_name\":\"Gianfilippo Coppola\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-783X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.363\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413284752" }, { "id": 4332, "title": "551. PSYCHEDELICS AND OCD: TRANSLATIONAL APPROACHES", "normalized_title": "551 psychedelics and ocd translational approaches", "authors": "Bernard Lerer, Michal Brownstien, Mitchell A. Lazar, Peter A. Goldstein, Alexander Botvinnik, Alan P. Kozikowski, Tzuri Lifschytz", "abstract": "Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with significant personal suffering and functional impairment. At least a third of OCD patients do not respond to conventional treatments. There is a substantial anecdotal literature suggesting that psychedelic agents, specifically psilocybin and psilocybin-containing psychedelic mushroom extract (PME), may be therapeutic in patients with OCD. Several preclinical studies in mice employing the marble burying test (MBT) support this possibility as does an open label trial of several doses of psilocybin in 9 patients with OCD (Moreno et al J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;67(11):1735-40). Aims & Objectives To evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin, PME and psychedelic-derived new chemical entities (PD-NCEs) in OCD, using preclinical models. Method Psilocybin was obtained from USONA and PME from Parow Entheobiosciences (PEB). The PD-NCEs HBL20016 and HBL20017, were designed in our laboratory and synthesized by Pharmaron Inc. under contract. Potential efficacy in OCD was assessed in our laboratory using the MBT and the SAPAP3-knockout (SAPAP2-KO) mouse model of OCD. Results Psilocybin was effective in the MBT and the effect was demonstrable even when the head twitch response (HTR), a mouse correlate of the psychedelic trip in humans, was prevented by prior treatment with the 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone (Singh et al, Transl Psychiatry. 2023; 13(1):164.). Psilocybin was also effective in reducing excessive self-grooming, Tourette’s Syndrome-like tics and anxiety-like features in SAPAP3-KO mice, the efficacy of a single dose extending beyond 21 days. PME at the same psilocybin dose showed slightly greater efficacy (Brownstien et al, Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Oct 11.). Both the hallucinogenic PD-NCE, HBL20016 and the non-hallucinogenic HBL20017, were effective in the MBT and the SAPAP3 model, with extended efficacy of a single dose. Discussion & Conclusions Anecdotal reports and an open clinical study support the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in OCD. Our findings in mouse models provide substantial preclinical support with possibly superior therapeutic effects of mushroom extract, indicate long-term efficacy and suggest efficacy in Tourette’s Syndrome. A novel psychedelic-derived therapeutic agent (HBL20017) may have efficacy in OCD without inducing psychedelic effects.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.368", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.368", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413284731\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413284731\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051454538\",\"display_name\":\"Bernard Lerer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-632X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066003352\",\"display_name\":\"Michal Brownstien\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075882004\",\"display_name\":\"Mitchell A. Lazar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-1280\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026849905\",\"display_name\":\"Peter A. Goldstein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5973-9104\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072298548\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Botvinnik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-7174\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026395120\",\"display_name\":\"Alan P. Kozikowski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-5368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077356873\",\"display_name\":\"Tzuri Lifschytz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf052.368\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413284731" }, { "id": 4320, "title": "Psychedelics as treatment of alcohol use disorders: insights from preclinical models and comparison of the different psychedelics psilocybin, LSD and ketamine", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as treatment of alcohol use disorders insights from preclinical models and comparison of the different psychedelics psilocybin lsd and ketamine", "authors": "Mickaël Naassïla", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.064", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.064", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Ketamine, Alcohol, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413016586\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413016586\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083298408\",\"display_name\":\"Mickaël Naassïla\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0918\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S30122339\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.064\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413016586" }, { "id": 3236, "title": "363. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF PSILOCYBIN AND LISURIDE ON SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE NEURONAL ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOR", "normalized_title": "363 differential effects of psilocybin and lisuride on serotonin and dopamine neuronal activity and behavior", "authors": "", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12359530", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC12359530\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 580, "title": "Psilocybin as Transformative Fast-Acting Antidepressant: Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as transformative fast acting antidepressant pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms", "authors": "Adebo M, Bonnet M, Laouej O, Defaix C, McGowan JC, Butlen-Ducuing F, David DJ, Poupon E, Tritschler L, Gardier AM.", "abstract": "In the 1950s-60s, serotonergic psychedelic drugs were studied as potential adjuvants to psychotherapy to treat addiction and alcoholism. However, starting in the 70s, preclinical and clinical studies on psychedelics stopped for decades because legislation controlled its recreational use, citing their hallucinogenic and psychotomimetic effects, as well as their abuse potential. Amazingly, we are witnessing an impressive return of these drugs due to recent clinical trials suggesting a therapeutic potential of psychedelics, among them psilocybin, for treating patients with depression resistant to conventional antidepressant drugs. Yet, their underlying mechanisms of action remain incompletely elucidated. This review provides an update on seminal clinical trials using psilocybin, as well as preclinical work uncovering the pharmacological properties and experimental pharmacology of psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin. These drugs are primarily serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists. Although there is a consensus that 5-HT2AR activation mediates its psychedelic effects in human and rodent models of anxiety/depression, its role in psilocin's antidepressant effects remains controversial. This review also provides an overview of neurotransmitter systems, neuroplasticity, and neural circuits activated by psilocin. Further research in developing effective antidepressants for depression is prescient now more than ever, as according to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression will be the main cause of disability in 2030. Understanding the mechanisms through which psilocybin/psilocin would be an effective antidepressant is crucial to ultimately validate its therapeutic potential when combined with SSRIs/SNRIs in mood disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/fcp.70038", "pubmed_id": "40670864", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70038", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40670864\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 216, "title": "Psilocybin Prolongs the Neurovascular Coupling Response in Mouse Visual Cortex", "normalized_title": "psilocybin prolongs the neurovascular coupling response in mouse visual cortex", "authors": "Zirkel RT, Isaacson M, Liao C, Yi M, Yamaguchi K, Rivera D, Kuceyeski A, Nishimura N, Kwan AC, Schaffer CB.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has profound therapeutic potential for various mental health disorders, but its mechanisms of action are unknown. Functional MRI studies have reported the effects of psilocybin on brain activity and connectivity; however, these measurements rely on neurovascular coupling to infer neural activity changes and assume that blood flow responses to neural activity are not altered by psilocybin. Using two-photon excited fluorescence imaging in the visual cortex of awake mice to simultaneously measure neural activity and capillary blood flow dynamics, we found that psilocybin administration prolonged the increase in visual stimulus-evoked capillary blood flow - an effect which was reduced by pretreatment with a 5-HT2A R antagonist - despite not causing changes in the stimulus-evoked neural response. Multi-modal widefield imaging also showed that psilocybin extends the stimulus-evoked vascular responses in surface vessels with no observed effect on the population neural response. Computational simulation with a whole-brain neural mass model showed that prolonged neurovascular coupling responses can lead to spurious increases in BOLD-based measures of functional connectivity. Together, these findings demonstrate that psilocybin broadens neurovascular responses in the brain and highlights the importance of accounting for these effects when interpreting human neuroimaging data of psychedelic drug action.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.07.25.666803", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.25.666803", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1057821\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4342, "title": "Preparing Social Work for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy", "normalized_title": "preparing social work for psychedelic assisted therapy", "authors": "Heidi Allen, B. Stott", "abstract": "With MDMA, LSD, and psilocybin receiving “Breakthrough Therapy” designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and moving into Phase 3 clinical trials, we are closer than ever to legal administration of these compounds for mental health treatment. Research from Lykos, Usona Institute, Mindmed, Compass Pathways, and Johns Hopkins, among others, has shown promising efficacy of the administration of psychedelic compounds with psychotherapy, with participants no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for various mental health diagnoses (major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and PTSD, among others) when compared with those in placebo control groups, also paired with psychotherapy (Goodwin et al., 2022; Mitchell et al., 2023; Raison et al., 2023). As FDA approval and rescheduling of these compounds are anticipated, several states, including Oregon and Colorado, have legalized supervised therapeutic use of psilocybin, while other states consider ballot measures to decriminalize psychoactive plant-based medicines. There is an evident demand for therapy providers with various levels of familiarity with psychedelics, from general literacy to specialized providers administering these treatments in therapeutic settings.", "journal": "Social Work", "publication_date": "2025-07-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/sw/swaf031", "pubmed_id": "40803340", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaf031", "keywords": "Social work, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Work (physics), Political science, Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413116433\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413116433\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110774076\",\"display_name\":\"Heidi Allen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024783201\",\"display_name\":\"B. Stott\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S961603\",\"source_display_name\":\"Social Work\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaf031\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413116433" }, { "id": 4341, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted treatment of depression", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted treatment of depression", "authors": "Barbara Anna Zapalska, Antonina Teresa Witkowska, Anna Cukrowska, Artur Galus", "abstract": "Depression, a common mental disorder, affects people at different stages of life.Classic antidepressant treatment is generally effective, however, it is prolonged.Nonetheless, numerous patients who undergo various classic antidepressant therapies still suffer from depression.Therefore, the search for novel medications is essential.In this review, we explore the therapeutic potential of psilocybin, an alkaloid found in several species of psilocybe mushrooms.Psilocybin mainly acts agonistically through serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A (5-HT2A) receptors.However, the exact mechanism of the proposed antidepressant impact remains unknown.In the reviewed materials, psilocybin demonstrated rapid and longlasting antidepressant activity in treatment-resistant depression -the therapeutic effect occurred after only a single dose and was sustained for up to 12 weeks.The intensity of psychedelic experience correlated with the strength of the antidepressant action.In comparison to escitalopram, psilocybin acted more quickly and had longer-lasting effects, suggesting its potential as an alternative to classic antidepressants.The adverse events of psilocybin were mild.The findings presented in our work offer a promising perspective for patients who have previously not responded to standard antidepressant treatment.", "journal": "Medical Science", "publication_date": "2025-07-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.54905/disssi.v29i161.e110ms3657", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i161.e110ms3657", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412885037\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412885037\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117514441\",\"display_name\":\"Barbara Anna Zapalska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064493295\",\"display_name\":\"Antonina Teresa Witkowska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119180312\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Cukrowska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5118395035\",\"display_name\":\"Artur Galus\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210211701\",\"source_display_name\":\"Medical Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i161.e110ms3657\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412885037" }, { "id": 3424, "title": "Modulation of Serotonin Pathways Using Psilocybin in Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)", "normalized_title": "modulation of serotonin pathways using psilocybin in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder asd", "authors": "King's College London", "abstract": "This study will test the hypothesis that brain systems are differentially regulated by serotonin in individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. To do this, the brain response to two single acute doses of partial serotonin (5HT)1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin (COMP360) relative to a single dose of placebo (baseline serotonin activity) will be compared in healthy autistic and non-autistic adults. Brain function will be assessed using a range of MRI (fMRI and MRS), EEG and sensory tasks. Unimodal and multimodal analyses will be conducted. Please note that this study uses psilocybin as a probe of the serotonin system in a Case-Control science study and, following Scope protocol review, the U.K. MHRA confirmed that it is not a 'Clinical Trial of an Investigational Medicinal Product' (IMP) as defined by the EU Directive 2001/20/EC.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-07-27", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05651126", "keywords": "Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psilocybin 5 mg, COMP360, Psilocybin 2 mg, Placebo, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05651126\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"NA\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3316, "title": "Global Increases in Brain Glucose Metabolism Following Acute N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Harmine Administration in Healthy Volunteers: An [¹⁸F]FDG-PET Study", "normalized_title": "global increases in brain glucose metabolism following acute n n dimethyltryptamine and harmine administration in healthy volunteers an ¹⁸f fdg pet study", "authors": "Egger K, Bozsak R, Aicher H, Sari H, Poetzsch S, Rominger A, Martin-Soelch C, Dornbierer D, Quednow B, Scheidegger M, Cumming P.", "abstract": "Abstract Classical psychedelics such N,N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) modulate consciousness via serotonergic receptor agonism, and are increasingly investigated for their psychotherapeutic potential. When combined with the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor harmine-mimicking the pharmacological profile of ayahuasca-oral DMT induces a psychedelic experience lasting 4-5 hours. While neuroimaging studies have examined changes in brain activity, connectivity, and cerebral perfusion under psychedelics, their effects on cerebral glucose metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here, we used positron emission tomography with [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG-PET) to assess the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose consumption (CMRglc) following buccal DMT + harmine (90 mg DMT, 120 mg harmine) versus placebo in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in (n = 14) healthy males. Scans were acquired during peak drug effects, i.e., 100-170 min post-administration. Global CMRglc increased by 12% under DMT + harmine compared to placebo ( t = 2.57, p", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2025-07-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-7099164/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7099164/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1056074\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 600, "title": "Molecular Pathways Potentially Involved in Hallucinatory Experiences During Sleep Paralysis: The Emerging Role of β-Arrestin-2.", "normalized_title": "molecular pathways potentially involved in hallucinatory experiences during sleep paralysis the emerging role of β arrestin 2", "authors": "Rudy LM, Godlewski MM.", "abstract": "Sleep paralysis (SP), an REM parasomnia, can be characterized as one of the symptoms of narcolepsy. The SP phenomenon involves regaining meta-consciousness by the dreamer during REM, when the physiological atonia of skeletal muscles is accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations that are perceived as vivid and distressing nightmares. Sensory impressions include personification of an unknown presence, strong chest pressure sensation, and intense fear resulting from subjective interaction with the unfolding nightmare. While the mechanism underlying skeletal muscle atonia is known, the physiology of hallucinations remains unclear. Their complex etiology involves interactions among various membrane receptor systems and neurotransmitters, which leads to altered neuronal functionality and disruptions in sensory perception. According to current knowledge, serotonergic activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor-2A (5-HT2A)-associated pathways plays a critical role in promoting hallucinogenesis during SP. Furthermore, they share similarities with psychedelic-substance-induced ones (i.e., LSD, psilocybin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine). These compounds also target the 5-HT2A receptor; however, their molecular mechanism varies from serotonin-induced ones. The current review discusses the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for promoting hallucinations in SP, highlighting the critical role of β-arrestin-2. We propose that the β-arrestin-2 signaling pathway does not directly induce hallucinations but creates a state of network susceptibility that facilitates their abrupt emergence in sensory areas. Understanding the molecular basis of serotonergic hallucinations and gaining better insight into 5-HT2A-receptor-dependent pathways may prove crucial in the treatment of multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorders associated with the dysfunctional activity of serotonin receptors.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/ijms26157233", "pubmed_id": "40806366", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157233", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinations, Sleep Paralysis, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Signal Transduction, beta-Arrestin 2", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40806366\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 555, "title": "An overview of psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and ketamine in revitalizing psychedelic-assisted therapy: Insights, limitations and future directions.", "normalized_title": "an overview of psilocybin lsd mdma and ketamine in revitalizing psychedelic assisted therapy insights limitations and future directions", "authors": "Askariyan K, Joghataei MT, Dehghan S, Nohesara S, Riahi Pour L, Mohammadi MH, Ahmadirad N.", "abstract": "The resurgence of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy marks a pivotal evolution in mental health treatment, challenging traditional paradigms by integrating compounds such as psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and ketamine into clinical practice. Historically marginalized due to regulatory and societal concerns, these agents are now gaining recognition for their unique neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in addressing complex conditions like depression, PTSD, and addiction. Unlike conventional treatments, psychedelics exert their effects primarily through modulation of serotonin receptors and brain network connectivity, with each substance demonstrating distinct pharmacological profiles and clinical applications. Notably, psilocybin and LSD share serotonergic pathways but differ in receptor specificity and subjective effects, while MDMA's empathogenic properties and ketamine's rapid antidepressant action offer alternative therapeutic avenues. Recent FDA breakthrough therapy designations for psilocybin and MDMA underscore a shift toward evidence-based acceptance, yet the field remains challenged by methodological limitations, regulatory barriers, and ethical considerations. This narrative review synthesizes historical developments, mechanistic insights, and clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need for rigorous research, diverse patient cohorts, and thoughtful integration of psychedelics with psychotherapeutic modalities to realize their full therapeutic promise.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-24", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111461", "pubmed_id": "40716639", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111461", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Psychotherapy, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40716639\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Observational Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 572, "title": "Psychedelics, Spirituality, and Fundamentalism: A Brain Network Approach to Cognitive Flexibility and Rigidity", "normalized_title": "psychedelics spirituality and fundamentalism a brain network approach to cognitive flexibility and rigidity", "authors": "A. T. Yang, Xiangqian Lv, Hongshuang Wang, Xiaohui Wang", "abstract": "This viewpoint reconceptualizes mysticism and fundamentalism as brain network disorders, with psychedelics like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine offering potential to modulate these states. By disrupting rigid neural patterns, psychedelics may foster cognitive flexibility, challenge inflexible belief systems, and offer therapeutic value for extremism and mental health disorders.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2025-07-23", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00509", "pubmed_id": "40702747", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00509", "keywords": "Spirituality, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Fundamentalism, Flexibility (engineering), Psychology, Cognitive flexibility, Cognition, Social psychology, Neuroscience, Political science, Medicine, Law, Engineering, Politics, Pathology, Mathematics, Statistics, Structural engineering, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412641880\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412641880\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2564707314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378782231\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405703294\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103473495\",\"display_name\":\"A. T. Yang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111766097\",\"display_name\":\"Xiangqian Lv\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006917915\",\"display_name\":\"Hongshuang Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4378-3502\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100618787\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-5612\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00509\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412641880" }, { "id": 533, "title": "Psilocybin as a psychophysical adaptogen in chronic pain rehabilitation", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a psychophysical adaptogen in chronic pain rehabilitation", "authors": "Nicholas P. Cherup, Patrick H. Finan", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pain", "publication_date": "2025-07-20", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105507", "pubmed_id": "40701207", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105507", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Rehabilitation, Chronic pain, Psychology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Physical therapy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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P. Cherup\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-3863\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063337848\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick H. Finan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-4801\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S194302669\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105507\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412529549" }, { "id": 493, "title": "The polypharmacology of psychedelics reveals multiple targets for potential therapeutics.", "normalized_title": "the polypharmacology of psychedelics reveals multiple targets for potential therapeutics", "authors": "Jain MK, Gumpper RH, Slocum ST, Schmitz GP, Madsen JS, Tummino TA, Suomivuori CM, Huang XP, Shub L, DiBerto JF, Kim K, DeLeon C, Krumm BE, Fay JF, Keiser M, Hauser AS, Dror RO, Shoichet B, Gloriam DE, Nichols DE, Roth BL.", "abstract": "The classical psychedelics (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and mescaline exert their psychedelic effects via activation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor (5-HT2AR). Recent clinical studies have suggested that classical psychedelics may additionally have therapeutic potential for many neuropsychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, migraine and cluster headaches, drug abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this study, we investigated the pharmacology of 41 classical psychedelics from the tryptamine, phenethylamine, and lysergamide chemical classes. We profiled these compounds against 318 human G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to elucidate their target profiles, and in the case of LSD, against more than 450 human kinases. We found that psychedelics have potent and efficacious actions at nearly every serotonin, dopamine, and adrenergic receptor. We quantified their activation for multiple transducers and found that psychedelics stimulate multiple 5-HT2AR transducers, each of which correlates with psychedelic drug-like actions in vivo. Our results suggest that multiple molecular targets likely contribute to the actions of psychedelics.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-17", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.012", "pubmed_id": "40683247", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.012", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Tryptamines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Polypharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40683247\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 568, "title": "The Causal Role of Consciousness in Psychedelic Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Hypothesis and Proposal", "normalized_title": "the causal role of consciousness in psychedelic therapy for treatment resistant depression hypothesis and proposal", "authors": "Tobías Fernández-Borkel, Lucas F. Borkel, Jaime Rojas-Hernández, Elisa Hernández-Álvarez, Domingo Jesús Quintana Hernández, Ludovica G. Ponti, Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández", "abstract": "The therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances, particularly psilocybin, for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has garnered considerable attention. However, the necessity of subjective psychedelic experiences for therapeutic efficacy remains unclear, creating a critical gap in the field. To determine whether subjective psychedelic experiences induced by psilocybin are required for its antidepressant effects or whether these effects are mediated solely by neurobiological actions independent of consciousness. We propose a randomized controlled trial with three groups: (P) Psilocybin (25 mg oral dose with guided therapeutic integration), (P+A) Psilocybin under propofol-induced general anesthesia (eliminating subjective experiences), and (X+A) Propofol-induced anesthesia with placebo (with no psilocybin). Clinical assessments of depression and anxiety, combined with fMRI-based brain connectivity analysis (including fractal complexity, brain entropy, and network dynamics), will be conducted at baseline, postintervention, and during follow-ups. The proposed study protocol expects distinct therapeutic outcomes across groups. Superior improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms are anticipated in the conscious psilocybin group (P) compared to both anesthetized groups (P+A) and (X+A). Additionally, increased brain connectivity measures in fractal complexity and entropy are hypothesized to correlate positively with therapeutic improvements, particularly pronounced in the conscious condition. Isolating subjective experiences through anesthesia, aims to determine whether conscious psychedelic experiences play a causal role in therapeutic outcomes. Results have significant implications for clinical protocols, treatment guidelines, and the broader theoretical understanding of consciousness and its relationship to mental health.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2025-07-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00445", "pubmed_id": "40894333", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00445", "keywords": "Depression (economics), Consciousness, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Psychoanalysis, Neuroscience, Keynesian economics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412475877\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412475877\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2070415\",\"https://openalex.org/W648645029\",\"https://openalex.org/W1957794009\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982573076\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994233698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075400094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141595414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142211992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158327608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159175063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181040265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2310007339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738159159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903547094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955872220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974814938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990658936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105012889\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128147796\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138945404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206900896\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212805924\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296038449\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309472913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385230722\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387674199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392156269\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394015461\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401355020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402462242\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405319731\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407150420\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107487562\",\"display_name\":\"Tobías Fernández-Borkel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-1719\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021133243\",\"display_name\":\"Lucas F. Borkel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-9560\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027466242\",\"display_name\":\"Jaime Rojas-Hernández\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-7881\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107417965\",\"display_name\":\"Elisa Hernández-Álvarez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7879-7578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101853284\",\"display_name\":\"Domingo Jesús Quintana Hernández\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-2121\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Ludovica G. Ponti\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078392631\",\"display_name\":\"Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-0316\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00445\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412475877" }, { "id": 4345, "title": "Stronger visual surround suppression under psilocybin: A psychophysical and EEG pilot study", "normalized_title": "stronger visual surround suppression under psilocybin a psychophysical and eeg pilot study", "authors": "Michael-Paul Schallmo, Sophia Jungers, Ranji Varghese, Kathryn R. Cullen, Michael D. Evans, Jessica L. Nielson, Link Swanson", "abstract": "Perception of visual contrast depends on the surrounding spatial context. Typically, the salience of a central target is reduced by a high contrast surrounding stimulus, an effect known as surround suppression. Although this phenomenon is well-studied, the role of specific neurotransmitter systems during surround suppression in human vision remains unclear. Psilocybin is a serotonin (5-HT2A) receptor agonist known to affect visual perception (e.g., psychedelic visual phenomena). We asked whether surround suppression may be altered by psilocybin. In a double-blind crossover pilot study, healthy adults completed psychophysical (n = 6) and electroencephalography (EEG; n = 5) measures of surround suppression after taking either 25 mg of psilocybin or placebo (100 mg niacin), in separate sessions. We found that psilocybin increased the strength of surround suppression, as measured in both our psychophysical contrast matching task, and in the strength of the visual N1 component from EEG. Accuracy on catch trials was not significantly impaired under psilocybin. Our results, although preliminary and limited by a small sample size, suggest that serotonergic neuromodulation plays a role in regulating the strength of surround suppression. Our findings may also be relevant for understanding differences in visual perception in psychiatric conditions, such as the weaker surround suppression reported in individuals undergoing major depressive episodes.", "journal": "Journal of Vision", "publication_date": "2025-07-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1167/jov.25.9.2091", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.9.2091", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Electroencephalography, Psychology, Surround suppression, Neuroscience, Audiology, Visual perception, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Perception, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412459077\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412459077\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Michael-Paul Schallmo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093712112\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Jungers\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059740050\",\"display_name\":\"Ranji Varghese\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003393701\",\"display_name\":\"Kathryn R. Cullen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-3770\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000078211\",\"display_name\":\"Michael D. Evans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-3993\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086634784\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Nielson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-3959\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061507780\",\"display_name\":\"Link Swanson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3175-347X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137468011\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Vision\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.9.2091\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412459077" }, { "id": 3306, "title": "Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations in serotonergic psychedelics and lewy body diseases", "authors": "Heller NH, Barrett FS, Buchborn T, Collerton D, Dupuis D, Halberstadt AL, Jardri R, Noorani TN, Preller KH, Taylor J, Waters F, Winston B, Leptourgos P.", "abstract": "Background and HypothesisVisual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and serotonergic psychedelics (SPs; e.g., psilocybin and mescaline). While these classes of VH differ in etiology, shared pathways are suggested by overlapping phenomenology and neural mechanisms. This review explores similarities and differences in VH between LBDs and SPs, focusing on phenomenology, cortical function, and serotonergic modulation.Study DesignThis narrative review synthesizes findings from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and systems neuroscience to compare VH in LBDs and SPs. The literature includes studies with both human subjects and animal models that examine cortical activity patterns, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and VH phenomenology.Study ResultsBoth LBDs and SPs exhibit distinct visual aberrations, ranging from minor metamorphopsias to complex hallucinations. Specific classes of VH in LBDs resemble those induced by SPs (e.g., illusory motion and entity encounters), suggesting shared neural mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies indicate a common pattern of hyperactive associative cortex and hypoactive sensory cortex. At the neuromodulator level, SP-induced VH involves serotonin 2A and 1A receptor (5-HT₂AR and 5-HT₁AR) modulation, while in LBDs, 5-HT₂AR upregulation correlates with increased VH, and its inhibition (e.g., with pimavanserin) reduces VH. Two shared cortical signatures are highlighted: reduced visual evoked responses and shifts toward visual excitation.ConclusionsExamining cortical and neuromodulatory similarities between LBD- and SP-induced VH may elucidate the link between visual degradation, excitation, and hallucinogenesis. Future research should employ real-time neuroimaging of discrete hallucinatory episodes to identify shared mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for LBD hallucinations.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/7x8q4_v3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7x8q4_v3", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1051705\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 479, "title": "Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations in serotonergic psychedelics and lewy body diseases", "authors": "", "abstract": "Background and Hypothesis Visual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and serotonergic psychedelics (SPs; e.g., psilocybin and mescaline). While these classes of VH differ in etiology, shared pathways are suggested by overlapping phenomenology and neural mechanisms. This review explores similarities and differences in VH between LBDs and SPs, focusing on phenomenology, cortical function, and serotonergic modulation. Study Design This narrative review synthesizes findings from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and systems neuroscience to compare VH in LBDs and SPs. The literature includes studies with both human subjects and animal models that examine cortical activity patterns, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and VH phenomenology. Study Results Both LBDs and SPs exhibit distinct visual aberrations, ranging from minor metamorphopsias to complex hallucinations. Specific classes of VH in LBDs resemble those induced by SPs (e.g., illusory motion and entity encounters), suggesting shared neural mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies indicate a common pattern of hyperactive associative cortex and hypoactive sensory cortex. At the neuromodulator level, SP-induced VH involves serotonin 2A and 1A receptor (5-HT₂AR and 5-HT₁AR) modulation, while in LBDs, 5-HT₂AR upregulation correlates with increased VH, and its inhibition (e.g., with pimavanserin) reduces VH. Two shared cortical signatures are highlighted: reduced visual evoked responses and shifts toward visual excitation. Conclusions Examining cortical and neuromodulatory similarities between LBD- and SP-induced VH may elucidate the link between visual degradation, excitation, and hallucinogenesis. Future research should employ real-time neuroimaging of discrete hallucinatory episodes to identify shared mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for LBD hallucinations.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/7x8q4_v3", "keywords": "Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance, Hallucinogenesis, Phenomenology, Sensory Deprivation, Serotonin Receptors, Visual Hierarchy, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Systems Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"7x8q4_v3\",\"version\":3,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 556, "title": "Examining the potential of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT as therapeutics for traumatic brain injury.", "normalized_title": "examining the potential of psilocybin and 5 meo dmt as therapeutics for traumatic brain injury", "authors": "Plummer Z, Allen J, Brand J, Mayo LM, Shultz SR, Christie BR.", "abstract": "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health challenge, with limited effective treatments for its acute and chronic consequences. TBI is characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, impaired neuroplasticity, imbalances in neurotransmission, and cell death - factors that contribute to the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that serotonergic psychedelics psilocybin and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) may hold promise as treatments for TBI. These compounds promote neuroplasticity, exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and have shown efficacy in treating psychiatric conditions that share pathophysiological features with TBI. 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors are implicated in their effects, but psilocybin also targets neurotrophic TrkB receptors, whereas 5-MeO-DMT targets sigma-1 receptors, known to have neuroprotective properties. This review integrates current preclinical and clinical research, highlighting both the shared and distinct mechanistic pathways through which psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT may alleviate TBI-related impairments, such as cognitive and affective dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Additionally, the safety profiles, dosing paradigms, and clinical challenges of these psychedelics are critically examined. By bridging insights from psychedelic science and neurotrauma research, this review underscores the innovative potential of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT as adjunctive treatments for TBI, paving the way for novel interventions in neurorehabilitation.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111448", "pubmed_id": "40669813", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111448", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Hallucinogens, Neuroprotective Agents, Psilocybin, Brain Injuries, Traumatic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40669813\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Oxidative Stress,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 608, "title": "Females in Psychedelic Research: A Perspective for Advancing Research and Practice.", "normalized_title": "females in psychedelic research a perspective for advancing research and practice", "authors": "Cohen ZZ, Blest-Hopley G", "abstract": "The influence of ovarian hormone fluctuations on neurochemistry, cognition, and psychological responses remains insufficiently examined in current psychedelic research and clinical protocols. Traditional practices and case studies underscore the importance of accounting for these factors in investigations of psychedelic effects. This opinion paper explores the critical intersections between female hormones and psychedelic experiences, informing improved research and practice. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), the primary ovarian hormones, modulate neurotransmitter systems central to psychedelic pharmacology, including serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, GABA, and glutamate. These hormonal interactions affect interhemispheric communication, synaptic plasticity, mood, cognition, and behavior. Fluctuations across the menstrual cycle influence 5-HT2A receptor expression and functional connectivity, potentially modulating both the subjective intensity and therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics. Additionally, oscillations in female hormones across the menstrual and life cycles affect mindset, a significant factor in safe and effective psychedelic use. These findings suggest that female hormonal variability may play a pivotal role in psychedelic experiences. Incorporating menstrual phase tracking and hormonal assays in both clinical trials and observational studies can reduce data variability, support individualized care, and improve informed consent practices. This would improve data integrity and ensure that women are fully informed about the potential influence of their hormonal state on their psychedelic experience, supporting truly informed consent. This paper emphasizes the need for an improved understanding of the complex interplay between female-specific biology and psychedelic pharmacodynamics to advance safe, ethical, and effective psychedelic research and therapies for women.", "journal": "ACS pharmacology & translational science", "publication_date": "2025-07-10", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00255", "pubmed_id": "40672681", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40672681/", "keywords": "estrogen, menstrual Cycle, progesterone, psilocybin, psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40672681\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 536, "title": "A systematic review and narrative summary of the therapeutic potential of classic serotonergic psychedelics for smoking cessation and reduction.", "normalized_title": "a systematic review and narrative summary of the therapeutic potential of classic serotonergic psychedelics for smoking cessation and reduction", "authors": "Glenn DL, Choi SH, Zimmerman RS.", "abstract": "BackgroundClassic serotonergic psychedelics are 5-HT2A partial agonists that induce non-ordinary states of consciousness. Many have demonstrated anti-addictive properties; however, their impact on smoking behaviors remains under-researched. This review provides a synthesis of the therapeutic potential of these compounds in promoting smoking cessation and reduction.MethodsA systematic review of peer-reviewed studies on psychedelics and smoking outcomes, published in English, was conducted. Database searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE resulted in 3547 records. ASReview, an open-source machine-learning tool, was used to improve the screening process. Abstract and initial review screening excluded 2336 articles, leaving 29 full-text articles for review. After further exclusion based on the inclusion of psychedelics and reported outcomes, eight studies were included in the analysis. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.ResultsHeterogeneity in the data was observed. All studies showed a serious risk of bias. Psilocybin was the most frequently reported compound (n = 7), followed by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; n = 5), mescaline (n = 4), ayahuasca (n = 4), peyote (n = 2), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (n = 1). Psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca revealed preliminary therapeutic potential for facilitating smoking cessation.ConclusionsCurrent literature on psychedelics' anti-addictive effects on smoking behaviors is promising but limited by weak study designs and low generalizability. Future research should allow for stronger sampling methods to improve statistical power and include comparative groups within experimental or quasi-experimental designs to strengthen inference for causal mechanisms between drug and nondrug influences on smoking outcomes.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-10", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251353251", "pubmed_id": "40643107", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251353251", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40643107\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4347, "title": "The Medial PrefrontalCortex Modulates Psychedelic-likeEffects of Psilocin", "normalized_title": "the medial prefrontalcortex modulates psychedelic likeeffects of psilocin", "authors": "Miyuan Zhang (21677016), Haojiang Zhai (21677019), Longwei Yang (21677022), Haohong Li (5164970), Xiaohui Wang (19899)", "abstract": "Recent advancements in the study of psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin have highlighted their unique psychedelic properties and potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the rapid and sustained treatment of depression. However, the potent acute psychedelic effects of psilocybin necessitate a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying its action. In this study, we investigated the psilocin-induced neural activity in male mice using c-Fos immunofluorescent labeling and identified brain regions associated with psychedelic-like activity. Among the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), and dorsomedial striatum (DMS), only the mPFC was specifically associated with the head twitch response (HTR), a hallmark of psychedelic-like behavior. A picomolar dose of psilocin in the mPFC was sufficient to induce significant HTR, suggesting that c-Fos-positive neurons in this region modulate psychedelic-like activity. To validate this hypothesis, optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly increased spontaneous HTR in TRAP2 mice, whereas acute inhibition suppressed drug-induced HTR. These findings establish the mPFC as a critical regulator of psilocin-induced psychedelic-like activity and provide valuable insights for enhancing the clinical safety and therapeutic application of psychedelics.", "journal": "Figshare", "publication_date": "2025-07-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00324.s001", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Medial_Prefrontal_Cortex_Modulates_Psychedelic-like_Effects_of_Psilocin/29500347", "keywords": "Optogenetics, Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, Nucleus accumbens, Neural activity, Psilocybin, Hippocampus, Orbitofrontal cortex, Striatum, Cortex (anatomy), Infralimbic cortex, Hippocampal formation, Regulator, Premovement neuronal activity, Chemistry, Caudate nucleus, Electrophysiology, Central nervous system, Biology, Long-term potentiation, Dopamine, Psychology, Cerebral cortex, Slice preparation, Nucleus, Frontal cortex, Brain mapping, Local field potential, Neuroplasticity, Thalamus, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7111003529\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7111003529\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Miyuan Zhang (21677016)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Haojiang Zhai (21677019)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Longwei Yang (21677022)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Haohong Li (5164970)\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang (19899)\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196282\",\"source_display_name\":\"Figshare\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Medial_Prefrontal_Cortex_Modulates_Psychedelic-like_Effects_of_Psilocin/29500347\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7111003529" }, { "id": 3313, "title": "Clinical Psychedelic Therapy Research Involving Adolescents: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Intervention Studies", "normalized_title": "clinical psychedelic therapy research involving adolescents protocol for a scoping review of intervention studies", "authors": "Khaleel Rajwani, Melanie Almonte, F. Feroz, Jamila Hokanson, Edward Jacobs, Julian Savulescu, Ilina Singh, David B. Yaden, Brian D. Earp", "abstract": "Background Recent years have seen renewed clinical interest in the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, DMT, and mescaline. While modern studies have focused on adult populations, adolescents under 18 are routinely excluded due to regulatory, legal, and ethical challenges. Although there exists observational data and historical studies from 1959 to 1974 focusing on persons under 18, these earlier trials do not meet contemporary scientific and ethical standards. Hence, despite growing interest in the intersection of adolescent mental health and psychedelic therapy, it is unclear whether any controlled clinical research has been conducted with adolescents in the 21st century. To address this gap, we intend to conduct a scoping review of clinical studies involving psychedelic drug administration, including psychedelic-assisted therapy, in adolescent populations. The present contribution is a protocol for this scoping review. Methods Our scoping review will adhere to the methodological framework of Arksey & O’Malley (2005), which involves five stages: (1) identifying the research question, (2) developing the search strategy, (3) setting inclusion criteria, (4) extracting data, and (5) presenting and analysing the results. We will include both peer-reviewed sources and study protocols that explicitly present evidence of an interventional study involving the administration of psychedelic drugs to adolescents under the age of 18 in the years 2000 - present. We will search for relevant studies in Pubmed (includes MEDLINE), EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Review Library, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar. Clinical trial registers will also be searched, including the USA-based ClinicalTrials.gov and other global registers. Two raters will independently assess articles for eligibility, with disagreements to be resolved by a third reviewer. Data from eligible articles will be charted using a standardized data extraction form. The data will be reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Research", "publication_date": "2025-07-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24181.1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24181.1", "keywords": "Medicine, Observational study, Protocol (science), Intervention (counseling), Clinical trial, Alternative medicine, Inclusion (mineral), MEDLINE, Mental health, Grey literature, Research ethics, Systematic review, Data extraction, Psychological intervention, Research design, Critical appraisal, Psychiatry, PsycINFO, Scientific literature, Health care, Randomized controlled trial, Drug trial, Psychotherapist, Clinical study design, Medical education, Family medicine, Translational research, Nursing, Data collection, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414213011\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4414213011\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1572319397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012979366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019122242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028998494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075950485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090826913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168303875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2481029616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784244485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891378911\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022423927\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035625694\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107835125\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224106670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296481593\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324007078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389624322\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396599258\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399525469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404333646\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405544132\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406088503\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084651976\",\"display_name\":\"Khaleel Rajwani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-7183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030213002\",\"display_name\":\"Melanie Almonte\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-4866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107857294\",\"display_name\":\"F. Feroz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058988830\",\"display_name\":\"Jamila Hokanson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014864277\",\"display_name\":\"Edward Jacobs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-7233\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018300444\",\"display_name\":\"Julian Savulescu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-6403\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072673151\",\"display_name\":\"Ilina Singh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4497-3587\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039486115\",\"display_name\":\"David B. Yaden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-6227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058038900\",\"display_name\":\"Brian D. Earp\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-2888\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210218052\",\"source_display_name\":\"Wellcome Open Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24181.1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Observational Study,Adolescents", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414213011" }, { "id": 612, "title": "Psilocybin treatment extends cellular lifespan and improves survival of aged mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin treatment extends cellular lifespan and improves survival of aged mice", "authors": "Kosuke Kato, Jennifer Kleinhenz, Yoon-Joo Shin, Cristian Coarfa, Ali John Zarrabi, Louise Hecker", "abstract": "Psilocybin, the naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by hallucinogenic mushrooms, has received attention due to considerable clinical evidence for its therapeutic potential to treat various psychiatric and neurodegenerative indications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic, and few studies have explored its systemic impacts. We provide the first experimental evidence that psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin) treatment extends cellular lifespan and psilocybin treatment promotes increased longevity in aged mice, suggesting that psilocybin may be a potent geroprotective agent.", "journal": "npj Aging", "publication_date": "2025-07-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41514-025-00244-x", "pubmed_id": "40628762", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-025-00244-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Metabolite, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412102657\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412102657\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1972466562\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013379214\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027686080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056269088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057735852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078448804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083099355\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120826795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133204282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133416128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154200356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290466312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905573083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2975681496\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006891752\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012354707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162774823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184729641\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281558645\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283700520\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386624716\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221259\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406306242\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034734544\",\"display_name\":\"Kosuke Kato\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-3262\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000173386\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer Kleinhenz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100997612\",\"display_name\":\"Yoon-Joo Shin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052755605\",\"display_name\":\"Cristian Coarfa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-4939\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016408488\",\"display_name\":\"Ali John Zarrabi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-2250\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090676224\",\"display_name\":\"Louise Hecker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-5437\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387279016\",\"source_display_name\":\"npj Aging\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-025-00244-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Longevity,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412102657" }, { "id": 569, "title": "The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Psychedelic-like Effects of Psilocin", "normalized_title": "the medial prefrontal cortex modulates psychedelic like effects of psilocin", "authors": "Miyuan Zhang, Haiyan Zhai, Longwei Yang, Haohong Li, Xiaohui Wang", "abstract": "Recent advancements in the study of psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin have highlighted their unique psychedelic properties and potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the rapid and sustained treatment of depression. However, the potent acute psychedelic effects of psilocybin necessitate a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying its action. In this study, we investigated the psilocin-induced neural activity in male mice using c-Fos immunofluorescent labeling and identified brain regions associated with psychedelic-like activity. Among the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), and dorsomedial striatum (DMS), only the mPFC was specifically associated with the head twitch response (HTR), a hallmark of psychedelic-like behavior. A picomolar dose of psilocin in the mPFC was sufficient to induce significant HTR, suggesting that c-Fos-positive neurons in this region modulate psychedelic-like activity. To validate this hypothesis, optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly increased spontaneous HTR in TRAP2 mice, whereas acute inhibition suppressed drug-induced HTR. These findings establish the mPFC as a critical regulator of psilocin-induced psychedelic-like activity and provide valuable insights for enhancing the clinical safety and therapeutic application of psychedelics.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2025-07-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00324", "pubmed_id": "40810162", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00324", "keywords": "Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, Psychology, Consumer neuroscience, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412100010\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412100010\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058601367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095268995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549067465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905212694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953204260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183649366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223932635\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306888870\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378647709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395688958\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402758733\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403350173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403605401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404297527\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404349949\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404723884\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405703294\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406627764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407686798\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408221975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408244928\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409620999\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051743657\",\"display_name\":\"Miyuan Zhang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112467693\",\"display_name\":\"Haiyan Zhai\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Longwei Yang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101832733\",\"display_name\":\"Haohong Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-9075\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100618787\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-5612\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00324\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412100010" }, { "id": 496, "title": "The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine.", "normalized_title": "the therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine", "authors": "Park D, Lee G, Lee WG, Kim B, Lee Y, Kim JW.", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder is a debilitating condition, with many patients unresponsive to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants. Rapid-acting antidepressants such as ketamine and psilocybin offer promising alternatives, relieving symptoms within hours. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic primarily targeting 5-HT2A receptors, both enhance synaptic plasticity in mood-regulating circuits through distinct mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent clinical and preclinical findings on ketamine and psilocybin, emphasizing their molecular targets, circuit-level effects, and converging downstream pathways. A key shared mechanism involves BDNF-TrkB signaling, which promotes spinogenesis and synaptogenesis critical for sustained antidepressant efficacy. We also discuss 5-HT2A receptor biased agonism as a potential strategy to dissociate psilocybin's therapeutic effects from its hallucinogenic actions. By comparing their mechanistic profiles, we identify both overlapping and distinct features that may inform the development of next-generation rapid-acting antidepressants. Understanding how serotonergic, glutamatergic, and neurotrophic systems converge may guide the development of fast-acting, durable, and non-hallucinogenic antidepressants.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-07-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03100-2", "pubmed_id": "40624295", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03100-2", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Ketamine, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Signal Transduction, Neuronal Plasticity, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40624295\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 614, "title": "Effects of Psilocin and Psilocybin on Human 5-HT4 Serotonin and H2 Histamine Receptors in Perfused Hearts of Transgenic Mice", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5 ht4 serotonin and h2 histamine receptors in perfused hearts of transgenic mice", "authors": "Pauline Braekow, Joachim Neumann, Uwe Kirchhefer, Ulrich Gergs", "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Hallucinogenic substances such as psilocybin, psilocin, ergometrine, ergotamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have been demonstrated to enhance the force of contraction (FOC), in part due to the phosphorylation of phospholamban in human atrial preparations via 5-HT4 serotonin receptors and/or H2 histamine receptors. However, whether psilocybin or psilocin acts at isolated mammalian ventricular preparations and whether they increase protein phosphorylation in the mammalian ventricle remains to be elucidated. Methods: To this end, the FOC and phospholamban phosphorylation in isolated perfused hearts from transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of either human 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4-TG) or human H2 receptors (H2-TG) and their wild-type littermates (WT) were examined. Furthermore, the ergot alkaloids ergometrine, ergotamine, and LSD were used as references. Results: Psilocybin and psilocin enhanced the FOC to 137% and to 152%, respectively, and elevated the phospholamban phosphorylation in isolated perfused hearts from 5-HT4-TG. In H2-TG hearts, psilocybin and psilocin increased the FOC to a much lesser extent but had no effect on the phospholamban phosphorylation. In contrast, LSD increased the FOC and phosphorylation state of phospholamban in isolated hearts of both 5-HT4-TG and H2-TG. On the other hand, ergometrine and ergotamine increased the FOC only in H2-TG. Ergometrine increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban in perfused hearts from H2-TG, but not from 5-HT4-TG. Ergotamine failed to increase the phospholamban phosphorylation in both H2-TG and 5-HT4-TG. Psilocybin, psilocin, ergotamine, ergometrine, and LSD were unable to increase FOC and phospholamban phosphorylation in perfused hearts from WT. Conclusions: The increase in the phosphorylation state of phospholamban could provide a partial explanation for the positive inotropic effects and the relaxant effects of not only psilocybin and psilocin but also ergometrine and LSD in the isolated hearts of the animals used in this study.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals", "publication_date": "2025-07-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/ph18071009", "pubmed_id": "40732298", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18071009", "keywords": "Phospholamban, Psilocybin, Phosphorylation, Ergotamine, Diethanolamine, Pharmacology, Chemistry, 5-HT4 receptor, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Biochemistry, Biology, Medicine, Migraine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412098269\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412098269\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973679812\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981316102\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985938522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015523636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053867167\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057106837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075315447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095226179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095573416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112097457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137318992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158667453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159601487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170027042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2188011421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335088247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417371792\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551957042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914766411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996307228\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047069042\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200055433\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200455094\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231551125\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283694772\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294723946\",\"https://openalex.org/W4322771105\",\"https://openalex.org/W4322771179\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381855542\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383058572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384208030\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893679\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388641010\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389254206\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391480853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399577263\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408225472\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408529433\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408724900\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408845950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409449345\",\"https://openalex.org/W6684617170\",\"https://openalex.org/W6687135555\",\"https://openalex.org/W6878526265\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045239826\",\"display_name\":\"Pauline Braekow\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064946477\",\"display_name\":\"Joachim Neumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-3851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020433840\",\"display_name\":\"Uwe Kirchhefer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-2579\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038198504\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrich Gergs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-485X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S16322639\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmaceuticals\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18071009\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412098269" }, { "id": 3216, "title": "Accurate and Interpretable Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Response from Receptor-informed Neuroimaging", "normalized_title": "accurate and interpretable prediction of antidepressant treatment response from receptor informed neuroimaging", "authors": "Tolle HM, Luppi AI, Lawn T, Roseman L, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris RL, Mediano PAM.", "abstract": "Conventional antidepressants show moderate efficacy in treating major depressive disorder. Psychedelic-assisted therapy holds promise, yet individual responses vary, underscoring the need for predictive tools to guide treatment selection. Here, we present graphTRIP (graph-based Treatment Response Interpretability and Prediction) - a geometric deep learning architecture that enables three advances: 1) accurate prediction of post-treatment depression severity using only pretreatment clinical and neuroimaging data; 2) identification of robust biomarkers; and 3) causal analysis of treatment effects and underlying mechanisms. Trained on data from a clinical trial comparing psilocybin and escitalopram ( NCT03429075 ), graphTRIP achieves strong predictive accuracy ( r = 0.72, p = 6.8 ×10 −8 ), and shows clear generalization to both an independent dataset and across brain atlases. The model identifies stronger functional connectivity within sensory networks as a robust predictor of poorer response across both treatments. In contrast, causal analysis implicates frontoparietal and default mode networks as key moderators of differential response, with stronger 5-HT1A- and 5-HT2A-related signalling in the frontoparietal network predicting escitalopram response but psilocybin resistance. Overall, this work advances precision medicine and biomarker discovery in depression.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-02", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.07.02.662710", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.02.662710", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1046304\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Biomarkers,Aging,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 497, "title": "Single-dose (10 mg) psilocybin reduces symptoms in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pharmacological challenge study", "normalized_title": "single dose 10 mg psilocybin reduces symptoms in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder a pharmacological challenge study", "authors": "Luca Pellegrini, Naomi Fineberg, Sorcha O'Connor, Ana Maria Frota Lisbôa Pereira de Souza, Kate Godfrey, Sara Reed, Joseph Peill, Mairead Healy, Cyrus Rohani-Shukla, Hakjun Lee, Robin Carhart-Harris, Trevor W. Robbins, David Nutt, David Erritzøe", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and disabling condition. A large proportion of patients fail to respond to first-line treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or clomipramine. Preliminary evidence suggests psilocybin, a serotonin receptor agonist, might be efficacious. We conducted a pharmacological challenge study to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of effect of psilocybin in OCD. This analysis reports the clinical outcomes only. METHODS: Participants with a diagnosis of OCD of at least moderate severity, received two single doses of oral psilocybin, 1 mg followed by 10 mg, administered in fixed order separated by 4 weeks. On the day of dosing, they were treated in a day-care facility in the presence of clinicians experienced in the use of psychedelics for treating mental disorders. Psychological support was provided before, during and after dosing. Participants and raters were blinded to the order of treatment. They were assessed on the day before each dose (baseline 1, 2), on the day of dosing and at intervals over a 4-week period afterward using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) (primary clinical outcome) and secondary clinical outcomes including the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Adverse effects were also recorded. RESULTS: Nineteen adult participants (aged 20-60) entered the study and 18 completed all assessments. Clinical outcomes following 1 mg and 10 mg psilocybin were compared using a linear mixed-effects model and ANOVA. A significant between-dosage effect favouring 10 mg psilocybin was found one-week after dosing on the Y-BOCS (Cohen's d = 0.82, p = 0.002). In particular, the effect one-week after dosing was statistically significant on the compulsion subscale of the Y-BOCS (Cohen's d: 0.74, p = 0.003), compared to obsession (Cohen's d: 0.50, p = 0.06). The effect diminished over the subsequent 3 weeks. No effect of psilocybin was detected on the MADRS. Psilocybin was well tolerated, with few adverse events reported at both dosages and no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, which was limited by a small sample size and the absence of randomisation, a 10 mg dose of oral psilocybin was found to be well-tolerated and potentially efficacious in patients with OCD. Psilocybin produced a rapid-onset, moderate to large effect on compulsive symptoms, which lasted up to one week after dosing. Future randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials investigating a longer course of multiple weekly doses of 10 mg psilocybin are indicated in OCD and in other obsessive-compulsive and related disorders characterised by compulsions.", "journal": "Comprehensive Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-07-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152619", "pubmed_id": "40618640", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152619", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Obsessive compulsive, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411969620\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411969620\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1520909142\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981722146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993810702\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994762590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017152382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054860630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092175415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100861230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105875973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120747195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123822033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132322340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132908303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136170254\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804047202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914312460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914467484\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020190048\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027044460\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163455677\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210913256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285809014\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318052073\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362457938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366989647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386580791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386961159\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391678591\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392369508\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393183628\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394566107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396588870\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399572299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401339608\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403392138\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404836981\",\"https://openalex.org/W6852241356\",\"https://openalex.org/W6856462751\",\"https://openalex.org/W6863609036\",\"https://openalex.org/W6869077535\",\"https://openalex.org/W6878706972\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056272459\",\"display_name\":\"Luca Pellegrini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2865\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046416771\",\"display_name\":\"Naomi Fineberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-6900\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Sorcha O'Connor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007953125\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Maria Frota Lisbôa Pereira de Souza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-7863\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056222921\",\"display_name\":\"Kate Godfrey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-2382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110741678\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Reed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089523890\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Peill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-4617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011649514\",\"display_name\":\"Mairead Healy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106285226\",\"display_name\":\"Cyrus Rohani-Shukla\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101784305\",\"display_name\":\"Hakjun Lee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-4256\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080762339\",\"display_name\":\"Trevor W. Robbins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-5977\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S110368005\",\"source_display_name\":\"Comprehensive Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152619\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,OCD,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Healthcare Workers,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411969620" }, { "id": 4352, "title": "Psilocybin Use in an Intercollegiate Athlete with Persisting Symptoms After Concussion: A Case Report", "normalized_title": "psilocybin use in an intercollegiate athlete with persisting symptoms after concussion a case report", "authors": "David W. Lawrence, Alex P. Di Battista, Michael G. Hutchison", "abstract": "Background: Persisting symptoms after concussion is a complex syndrome warranting exploration into further treatment options. Emerging research highlights the potential of classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, in managing neuropsychiatric conditions and promoting neuroprotection. Case Report: A case is presented of a 22-year-old male intercollegiate athlete who sustained a concussion and developed persisting symptoms despite multidisciplinary standard care. The symptom burden remained relatively stable for the first month post-concussion. He independently administered three 250 milligram (mg) doses of the dried fruiting body of Psilocybe cubensis (2.5 mg of psilocybin) on days 42, 45, and 46 post-injury. He reported immediate symptom relief, including improvements in headache, noise sensitivity, and cognitive function. His symptom severity score decreased from 25 to 11 and his affective symptom burden resolved completely. Functional improvements allowed him to return to full activity. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: This case highlights the potential role of classic psychedelics as adjuvant agents in treating persisting symptoms after concussion. Clinicians should be aware that athletes may explore psychedelics as alternative treatments. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of psilocybin in concussion recovery.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives4030022", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4030022", "keywords": "Concussion, Psilocybin, Medicine, Physical therapy, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Hallucinogen, Injury prevention, Poison control, Psychiatry, Medical emergency, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411885403\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411885403\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970807094\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991006978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019079031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022287986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085670677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088800239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125368083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2296634983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2470836345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516626242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2518801653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2534385685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766202580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783570214\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789449947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801772025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006005031\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118236223\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129508146\",\"https://openalex.org/W3150741773\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164491540\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180121263\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184845084\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210765834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215603581\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210535254\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220834371\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221007363\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223425053\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281386811\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295782944\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297174489\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312090041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313257186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4372331827\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380574892\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385996401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388520321\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390589662\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391953134\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403209589\",\"https://openalex.org/W6861373969\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080548305\",\"display_name\":\"David W. Lawrence\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-7127\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035669801\",\"display_name\":\"Alex P. Di Battista\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-6833\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049572012\",\"display_name\":\"Michael G. Hutchison\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-5921\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4030022\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Case Report,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411885403" }, { "id": 640, "title": "Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties.", "normalized_title": "disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties", "authors": "Atiq MA, Baker MR, Voort JLV, Vargas MV, Choi DS", "abstract": "Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating influence behind symptom resolution is thought to be the personal insight - at times, bordering on the mystical - one acquires during the acute phase of a psychedelic session. Indeed, current clinical trials have found strong correlations between the acute subjective effects (ASE) under the influence of psychedelics and their enduring therapeutic properties. However, with potential barriers to widespread clinical implementation, including the healthcare resource-intensive nature of psychedelic sessions and the exclusion of certain at-risk patient groups, there is an active search to determine whether ASE elimination can be accompanied by the retention of persisting therapeutic benefits of these class of compounds. Recognizing the aberrant underlying neural circuitry that characterizes a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and that classic psychedelics promote neuroplastic changes that may correct abnormal circuitry, investigators are rushing to design and discover compounds with psychoplastogenic, but not hallucinogenic (i.e., ASE), therapeutic potential. These efforts have paved the discovery of 'non-psychedelic/subjective psychedelics', or compounds that lack hallucinogenic activity but with therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. This review aims to distill the current evidence - both clinical and preclinical - surrounding the question: can the ASE of classic psychedelics be dissociated from their sustained therapeutic properties? Several plausible clinical scenarios are then proposed to offer clarity on and potentially answer this question.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-024-06599-5", "pubmed_id": "38743110", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38743110/", "keywords": "5-HT2A, Acute subjective effects, Addiction, Classic psychedelics, Major depressive disorder, Neuropsychiatry, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Substance use disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"38743110\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 621, "title": "Efficient Acyloxymethylation of Psilocin and Other Tryptamines Yielding ACOM Prodrugs for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy", "normalized_title": "efficient acyloxymethylation of psilocin and other tryptamines yielding acom prodrugs for psychedelic assisted therapy", "authors": "Judith Stirn, Christian D. Klein", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Acyloxymethyl (ACOM) derivatives of tryptamines such as the psychedelic drug psilocin and the anti-migraine drug sumatriptan bear potential as prodrugs. Previous synthetic approaches suffer from insufficient chemoselectivity between the desired functionalization of the phenolic (psilocin) or sulfonamide (sumatriptan) groups versus other reactive groups in the parent drugs. We report a novel synthetic route toward ACOM prodrugs of tryptamines via the chemoselective installation of a carbamate protecting group at the indole nitrogen by means of a Heller-Sarpong reagent and final deprotection under extremely mild conditions. This enables delicate transformations such as the O -acyloxymethylation of psilocin or the N2 -acyloxymethylation of sumatriptan. Several novel O -ACOM ethers of hydroxytryptamines were obtained and evaluated in vitro for their potential as novel prodrugs for psychedelic therapy. The rate of bioactivation in human plasma may be adjusted to rapid ( t 1/2 < 1 min) or slow ( t 1/2 > 240 min) kinetics by varying the acyl residue in the ACOM promoiety. Irrespective of the acyl residue, short half-lives in human saliva will likely preclude the sublingual or buccal application of ACOM ether prodrugs of hydroxytryptamines, while other routes such as peroral, transdermal, nasal, or intravenous administration may be pursued.", "journal": "Archiv der Pharmazie", "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/ardp.70022", "pubmed_id": "40702794", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.70022", "keywords": "Prodrug, Chemistry, Tryptamines, Phenethylamines, Honokiol, Sumatriptan, Pharmacology, Phenylpropanolamine, Stereochemistry, Tryptamine, Chromatography, Biochemistry, Medicine, Agonist, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412648561\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412648561\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1908340300\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967126966\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980075416\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992005415\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993181047\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996129006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001032397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008885227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020342800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032146850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035605319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038379224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047700866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049295401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060266816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066931710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075023376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078395313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080941586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090820748\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092226158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103950854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111984676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131869717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136897446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155604981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158492314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169789938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2195976321\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326418695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801859295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889394928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2934406000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951326372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953188350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999478951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3037541934\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204645407\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225114051\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230217767\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387247747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388821899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389203746\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393555084\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007293482\",\"display_name\":\"Judith Stirn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9105-3894\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071859243\",\"display_name\":\"Christian D. Klein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-9182\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S174911965\",\"source_display_name\":\"Archiv der Pharmazie\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.70022\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412648561" }, { "id": 618, "title": "Control Group Outcomes in Trials of Psilocybin, SSRIs, or Esketamine for Depression: A Meta-Analysis.", "normalized_title": "control group outcomes in trials of psilocybin ssris or esketamine for depression a meta analysis", "authors": "Hieronymus F, López E, Werin Sjögren H, Lundberg J.", "abstract": "ImportancePsilocybin has demonstrated rapid and sustained antidepressant efficacy, with acute-phase effect sizes often more than double those for conventional antidepressants. However, concerns have been raised that high rates of functional unblinding in combination with trial participants with positive expectations of psychedelic use might bias treatment outcomes.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes for patients receiving control treatments in randomized clinical trials of psilocybin for depression with control treatment outcomes from trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and esketamine.Data sourcesTwo previous meta-analyses and 1 US Food and Drug Administration review published between March 2019 and December 2024 were used to identify double-blind trials on adult major depressive disorder (MDD) or treatment-resistant depression (TRD) that had a relevant control treatment arm and used the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for symptom rating.Study selectionFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline, trials of psilocybin for MDD and TRD, esketamine for TRD, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for MDD were selected. Studies that included only individuals aged younger than 18 years or older than 65 years, used a crossover design, or had a duration less than 2 weeks were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisAll authors assessed the 3 reviews for includable trials. Three authors independently extracted data for all trials, with disagreements resolved by consensus discussion. Data were pooled using random-effects models.Main outcomes and measuresStandardized mean change (SMC) in MADRS scores from baseline to up to 6 weeks after randomization was used to assess within-group effect sizes, and standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to assess between-group effect sizes. Omnibus Test of Moderators (QM) was used to test whether the study population significantly moderated effect sizes.ResultsThe study included 17 trials: 4 of psilocybin (n = 373), 2 of esketamine (n = 573), and 11 of SSRIs (n = 4014). Pretreatment to posttreatment SMCs (SEMs) were 1.21 (0.15) for psilocybin, 1.28 (0.06) for SSRIs, and 1.43 (0.15) for esketamine and were 0.50 (0.15), 1.00 (0.08), and 1.12 (0.17) for their respective control treatments. Study population was a significant moderator of between-group SMDs (QM, 10.7; df, 2; P =.005) and pre- to post-control treatment SMCs (QM, 10.4; df, 2; P =.005) but not of pre- to post-active treatment SMCs (QM, 1.21; df, 2; P =.55). MADRS response rates for control treatments in SSRI trials were 14 percentage points higher than in psilocybin trials and in esketamine trials were 23 percentage points higher than in psilocybin trials. Dropout rates for psilocybin (active treatment: 10 of 186 [5%]; control: 20 of 187 [11%]) and esketamine (active treatment: 43 of 349 [12%]; control: 18 of 224 [8%]) were similar and considerably lower than for SSRIs (active treatment: 866 of 2694 [32%]; control: 467 of 1320 [35%]).Conclusions and relevanceIn this meta-analysis of control treatment outcomes in trials of psilocybin, SSRIs, or esketamine for depression, participants receiving control treatment in psilocybin trials had significantly less improvement in depression ratings than participants receiving control treatment in trials of SSRIs or esketamine. This might indicate that psilocybin's antidepressant efficacy is overestimated compared with that of SSRIs and esketamine.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.24119", "pubmed_id": "40736734", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.24119", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40736734\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 607, "title": "Behavioural and pharmacological evaluation of the psilocybin analogue baeocystin in Wistar rats", "normalized_title": "behavioural and pharmacological evaluation of the psilocybin analogue baeocystin in wistar rats", "authors": "Hynek Danda, Kristýna Mazochová, Klára Šíchová, Vladimír Mazoch, Lucie Olejníková Ladislavová, Kateřina Syrová, Bronislav Jurásek, Petra Cihlářová, Radek Jurok, Tomáš Páleníček, Martin Kuchař", "abstract": "", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111439", "pubmed_id": "40619050", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111439", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412043599\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412043599\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W561083445\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984304181\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014393639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062765660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118720855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154524838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2269512218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573795919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769208625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783399273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897639153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977374807\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022760047\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200973736\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289766477\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378217890\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399276098\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073691780\",\"display_name\":\"Hynek Danda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4342-3268\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051358911\",\"display_name\":\"Kristýna Mazochová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002474987\",\"display_name\":\"Klára Šíchová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-822X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067393581\",\"display_name\":\"Vladimír Mazoch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7418-7363\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047861297\",\"display_name\":\"Lucie Olejníková Ladislavová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007990350\",\"display_name\":\"Kateřina Syrová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-1303\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008829397\",\"display_name\":\"Bronislav Jurásek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0065\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077896144\",\"display_name\":\"Petra Cihlářová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-0697\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091503846\",\"display_name\":\"Radek Jurok\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-1745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111439\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412043599" }, { "id": 595, "title": "Natural hallucinogens of fungal and animal origin: action and potentialapplications - a narrative review.", "normalized_title": "natural hallucinogens of fungal and animal origin action and potentialapplications a narrative review", "authors": "Ciszowski K, Ziaja A, Niedzielska-Andres E, Pomierny-Chamioło L.", "abstract": "IntroductionNatural hallucinogens derived from fungi and animals have been used for centuries in shamanic, ritualistic, and medicinal practices across diverse cultures. These compounds exhibit a widerange of structures and mechanisms of action, affecting various neurotransmitter systems pathways. Fungal hallucinogens, primarily indole alkaloids like psilocybin and ergot alkaloids, as well as animal-derived toxins, such as bufotenine, ciguatoxins, or semiochemicals from insects, can induce profound alterations in perception, cognition, and mood. Despite their traditional use and psychoactive effects, many of these substances remain underexplored in terms of pharmacology and therapeutic potential. Recent studies suggest their possible roles in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, inflammatory conditions, and chronic pain, highlighting the need for a systematic review of their biological activity and medical applications.Aim of the studyThis review aims to provide an overview of hallucinogenic compounds of fungal and animal origin, focusing on their chemical nature, pharmacodynamic properties, and current evidence for potential therapeutic use.MethodologyThe review was based on publications retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, covering the period from 1983 to 2025. Search terms included: fungal hallucinogens, animal-derived psychedelics, natural psychoactive compounds, toxicity, therapeutic application of hallucinogens, and psychedelic drug research.ResultsThe analyzed hallucinogens differ markedly in terms of chemical structure, receptor activity, intensity of hallucinogenic effects, and potential for clinical use. Preclinical and limited clinical data suggest beneficial effects in mood and anxiety disorders, treatment-resistant depression, pain syndromes, and potentially neurodegenerative diseases. Some compounds show promise as leads for the synthesis of novel bioactive molecules.ConclusionsHallucinogens of fungal and animal origin represent a biologically diverse and pharmacologically rich group of natural substances. Further interdisciplinary research is required to explore their mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and therapeutic potential. Their continued investigation may lead to the development of innovative treatments in neuropsychiatry and beyond.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-06-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.24425/fmc.2025.156119", "pubmed_id": "41329968", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.24425/fmc.2025.156119", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Fungi, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"41329968\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4356, "title": "Increasing the Evaluation and Reporting Rigor of Psychotherapy Interventions in Treatments Involving Psychedelics", "normalized_title": "increasing the evaluation and reporting rigor of psychotherapy interventions in treatments involving psychedelics", "authors": "Mathieu Fradet", "abstract": "Psychedelic treatments are emerging as promising interventions for many mental health conditions. These interventions are not offered in a standardized fashion across studies and between different healthcare centers. Beyond differences in substances and doses, there is also a great heterogeneity in the interventions provided by therapists. The current review offers a summary of important elements that should be reported when describing psychedelic-assisted therapies. Clinical trials involving psilocybin for depression are systematically reviewed to synthesize available descriptions of their interventions. This review demonstrates that the exact nature of these psychotherapeutic interventions tends to be poorly defined in most scientific papers on psychedelic treatments. This problem and its implications are examined. The field stands to gain from optimized psychotherapeutic methods; however, insufficient documentation in scientific papers currently hinders the dissemination and improvement of evidence-based protocols. This article offers ideas to encourage the progress of research on psychedelic-assisted therapies.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2025-06-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives4030021", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4030021", "keywords": "Psychotherapist, Psychological intervention, Psychology, Rigour, Psychoanalysis, Psychiatry, Philosophy, Epistemology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411824807\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411824807\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973234849\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999848429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114297568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145555293\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2570760970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989183976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011722272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047621140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088022675\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159976828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161588210\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225336626\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281666404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289745468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309736363\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362471804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385265010\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387770932\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389397550\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392498741\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393253405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402912774\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405061767\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405062965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405955624\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405978092\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406254344\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406946826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409423955\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050276295\",\"display_name\":\"Mathieu Fradet\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4030021\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411824807" }, { "id": 4358, "title": "Evaluating Psilocybin as a Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease", "normalized_title": "evaluating psilocybin as a treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms in parkinson s disease", "authors": "Nayiri Barton", "abstract": "Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by motor symptoms due to dopaminergic degeneration and non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. Traditional dopaminergic therapies address motor symptoms but offer limited efficacy for neuropsychiatric manifestations. Psilocybin, a serotonergic compound with strong affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor, has emerged as a promising candidate for addressing the complex symptomatology of PD, including its neuropsychiatric components. This review examines the pharmacological effects of psilocybin, particularly its ability to modulate serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, enhance neuroplasticity, and reduce neuroinflammation, offering a potential therapeutic approach for PD. While clinical research in PD remains limited, evidence from related conditions such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) supports the notion that psilocybin could modulate both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Furthermore, psilocybin’s ability to induce brain network hyperconnectivity and regulate dopamine release offers mechanistic insight into its potential benefits. Despite the promising neurobiological underpinnings, ethical concerns and regulatory constraints remain barriers to widespread clinical use. Future research should prioritize disease-specific trials to explore psilocybin’s therapeutic efficacy, optimal dosing, and safety profile in PD, potentially redefining the treatment landscape for this underserved population.", "journal": "Global Journal of Medical Research", "publication_date": "2025-06-27", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.34257/gjmravol25is1pg1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmravol25is1pg1", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Parkinson's disease, Medicine, Disease, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412955867\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412955867\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1964157254\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809808727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288400169\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W6902956737\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Nayiri Barton\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210169248\",\"source_display_name\":\"Global Journal of Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmravol25is1pg1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412955867" }, { "id": 648, "title": "Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor expression is chronically decreased in the anterior cerebral cortex of male rats following repetitive low-level blast exposure", "normalized_title": "serotonin 5 ht2a receptor expression is chronically decreased in the anterior cerebral cortex of male rats following repetitive low level blast exposure", "authors": "Rita De Gasperi, Georgina Pérez Garcia, Miguel A. Gama Sosa, Gissel M. Perez, Rania Abutarboush, Usmah Kawoos, Patrick R. Hof, Carolyn W. Zhu, Stephen T. Ahlers, Gregory A. Elder", "abstract": "Introduction: Many Veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in Iraq and Afghanistan currently suffer from chronic cognitive and mental health problems that include depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Male rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast develop chronic cognitive and PTSD-related behavioral traits that are present for more than 1 year after exposure. Psychedelic agents alter cognition as well as mood and agents such as psilocybin have gained attention as possible treatments for the mental health disorders that affect Veterans. The best-known action of psilocybin's metabolite psilocin is to stimulate the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-HT2AR levels are altered by blast exposure. Methods: 5-HT2AR expression was examined by Western blot in 7 cohorts of rats exposed to low level repetitive blast collected from 2 weeks to 12 months after blast exposure. The analysis included three brain regions (anterior cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala) that were chosen based on being relevant to fear learning and the biological basis of PTSD. Possible correlations between Western blot data and behavioral outcomes were evaluated. Results: 5-HT2AR was chronically decreased in anterior cortex of blast-exposed rats in all cohorts except the one studied at 2 weeks after blast exposure. 5-HT2AR levels were variably affected in the other regions. 5-HT2AR expression correlated differently in blast and control rats in some behavioral parameters. Conclusion: These findings have implications for understanding the neurochemical basis of blast-induced cognitive and behavioral changes. They also suggest 5-HT2AR as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of PTSD-related symptoms that follow blast injury.", "journal": "Frontiers in Neurology", "publication_date": "2025-06-24", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2025.1594335", "pubmed_id": "40635716", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1594335", "keywords": "Serotonin, Cerebral cortex, Receptor, 5-HT receptor, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411662399\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411662399\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W422260766\",\"https://openalex.org/W1564331199\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982885166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004352785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004950446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010873791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023694353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024546964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029021490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084123852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092468378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145315443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156328478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163860974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166045982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168735204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169828275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2232768025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2249595199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528984403\",\"https://openalex.org/W2538094753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2611287086\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766529433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792155403\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792708353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805187573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890441882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891953466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907846672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912464105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927237494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946729948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007873073\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042986611\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045865523\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048830308\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089184362\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097110065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133492392\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180562559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207281329\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224861883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225554458\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285591556\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293436005\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306169132\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306912120\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310894786\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323321482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362469351\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376277682\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387651512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388097035\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388219714\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390628394\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391053730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393385972\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396556169\",\"https://openalex.org/W6601669692\",\"https://openalex.org/W6780958084\",\"https://openalex.org/W6810541229\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062896211\",\"display_name\":\"Rita De Gasperi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-4263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109841150\",\"display_name\":\"Georgina Pérez Garcia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063255808\",\"display_name\":\"Miguel A. Gama Sosa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-4451\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113918455\",\"display_name\":\"Gissel M. Perez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038097946\",\"display_name\":\"Rania Abutarboush\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-6199\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088978250\",\"display_name\":\"Usmah Kawoos\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073037534\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick R. Hof\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-1154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087302628\",\"display_name\":\"Carolyn W. Zhu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-715X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035740819\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen T. Ahlers\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016775860\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory A. Elder\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-8380\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S96975567\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neurology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1594335\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Veterans,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411662399" }, { "id": 585, "title": "Use of Psychedelic Agents in Older Adults with Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder: What the Evidence Shows.", "normalized_title": "use of psychedelic agents in older adults with treatment resistant major depressive disorder what the evidence shows", "authors": "Vinarcsik L, Smoller C, Grossberg G.", "abstract": "The use of drugs with psychedelic and dissociative effects for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, few trials have been conducted to determine the efficacy of these agents in the specific setting of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults. In this paper, we review notable aspects of treatment-resistant MDD in older adults, review classical and nonclassical psychedelic agents and dissociative agents presently being trialed mostly in younger populations for the treatment of depression, and review what is known about trialing these agents in older adults with treatment-resistant MDD. Given the limitations to extant standard treatment and the potential risks associated with first-line pharmacological agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in this population, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy may offer an important alternative for managing treatment-resistant MDD in older adults. This subset of patients is understudied and stands to benefit significantly from improved treatment regimens. The limited research available that details psychedelic-assisted treatment in this specific group is promising. Here we focus on reviewing those agents with the most controlled data available, beginning with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine/esketamine, and the hallucinogenic agent psilocybin, and concluding with a brief review of related substances including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ayahuasca, ibogaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and mescaline. Treatment-resistant MDD is highly prevalent among older adults, and while preliminary findings seem promising regarding the safety and tolerability of psychedelics, concerns remain owing to insufficient data, and therefore further research is crucial to establish the safety, efficacy, and applications of psychedelic therapy in this population.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-06-23", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s40266-025-01221-5", "pubmed_id": "40553322", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-025-01221-5", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40553322\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Older Adults,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3283, "title": "Molecular, haemodynamic and functional effects of LSD in the human brain", "normalized_title": "molecular haemodynamic and functional effects of lsd in the human brain", "authors": "McCulloch DE, Larsen K, Johansen A, Reveles Jensen KH, Nykjaer CH, Holze F, Falck N, Neufeld VAB, Steenstrup E, Skov-Andersen PM, Spangaard A, Geisler M, Randrup PP, Jensen PS, Shulganov V, Johansen SS, Nielsen MKK, Andersen TL, Stenbaek DS, Svarer C, Fisher PM, Knudsen GM.", "abstract": "In this study, we provide the first study to integrate molecular and functional neuroimaging during psychedelic drug effects in humans. Using simultaneous PET-MRI technology, we describe multiple brain actions of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy volunteers. We quantify the occupancy of LSD at cerebral serotonin 2A receptors and show that LSD increases global cerebral blood flow and internal carotid artery flow without affecting the diameter of the internal carotid artery, opposite effects to those observed following psilocybin. Functional connectivity analyses showed widespread decreases in global connectivity, particularly in visual networks, alongside increases in network-wise sample entropy and spatial complexity. We observed an anticlockwise hysteresis loop between plasma drug levels and subjective effects, suggesting atypical pharmacodynamic mechanisms. By establishing the dose-occupancy relation of LSD in humans, our findings provide critical insights for the clinical development of psychedelic compounds and demonstrate unique neurophysiological effects that distinguish LSD from related psychedelics. Our findings challenge the leading hypotheses of psychedelic brain-action, until now thought to be instrumental for therapeutic efficacy.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-06-17", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.06.17.25329677", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.17.25329677", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1039139\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 653, "title": "The molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide: evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses", "normalized_title": "the molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses", "authors": "Ying Zhang, Lei Yang, Qiuyu Zhang, Chao Li, Fuqiang Mao, Chuanjun Zhuo", "abstract": "Psilocybin is among the most extensively studied psychedelics, with previous research suggesting its potential therapeutic role in suicide prevention. However, the precise mechanisms through which psilocybin may aid in suicide prevention remain unclear. This study thus employed network pharmacology and molecular docking tools to explore the mechanisms by which psilocybin may contribute to suicide prevention. Relevant drug- and disease-related targets were identified. Overlapping drug- and disease-related targets were extracted from the bioinformatics platform and imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Key targets were selected based on topological parameters derived from network analyses conducted using Cytoscape 3.10.1. These key targets were further analyzed using GO and KEGG enrichment approaches conducted with the DAVID tool. A drug-disease-target-pathway network was subsequently constructed in Cytoscape 3.10.1. Finally, molecular docking analyses were performed to assess psilocybin's potential to interact with key targets using AutoDock Vina and the PyMOL software. A total of 46 potential targets associated with psilocybin and relevant to suicide treatment were identified, of which 13 were imported into the DAVID tool for enrichment analyses. Network analyses identified four targets-HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR7, and PRKACA-that may serve as therapeutic targets for psilocybin in suicide prevention. Enrichment analysis outcomes suggested that psilocybin may prevent suicide by modulating the serotonergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways. Molecular docking analyses revealed that HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR7, and PRKACA strongly bind to psilocybin. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential role of psilocybin in suicide prevention, offering a novel basis for further research.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-06-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-025-03410-7", "pubmed_id": "40523911", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03410-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Docking (animal), Medicine, Psychology, Nursing, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411347440\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411347440\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998901719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002221330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003586939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043368216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049882268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066848874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067786443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078018408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080775338\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088136344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090728253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096021562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096173332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101505741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122683221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130479394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135159454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152174011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159675211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162011385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168938595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419443498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474747771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537623931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581696375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2611406986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2611425558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741251623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757390367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894431596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904112223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970046390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979686202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983166786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3041655619\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136918052\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197156699\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199575241\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207449839\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215766429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205403234\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206661393\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210298392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213432315\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226081049\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307468223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308957173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311908682\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324045013\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366823295\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382133350\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382517556\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385173532\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385295839\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385334804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386758612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387267866\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388340501\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388522045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391480382\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403001381\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405122998\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405675944\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100386224\",\"display_name\":\"Ying Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-3825\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101418657\",\"display_name\":\"Lei Yang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-3344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048966242\",\"display_name\":\"Qiuyu Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2794-6777\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Chao Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6950-9413\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091598396\",\"display_name\":\"Fuqiang Mao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-1058\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087792260\",\"display_name\":\"Chuanjun Zhuo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-550X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03410-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411347440" }, { "id": 656, "title": "Evaluation of behavioural and neurochemical effects of psilocybin in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress", "normalized_title": "evaluation of behavioural and neurochemical effects of psilocybin in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress", "authors": "Ines Erkizia-Santamaría, Igor Horrillo, Nerea Martínez-Álvarez, Daniel Pérez-Martínez, Guadalupe Rivero, Amaia M. Erdozain, J. Javier Meana, Jorge E. Ortega", "abstract": "Depression and anxiety are disabling and high incidence mental disorders characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently available treatments show severe limitations. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective treatments in this population. In the search for novel rapid-acting antidepressants, the psychedelic psilocybin has emerged as a promising therapy in several clinical trials. However, its antidepressant mechanism of action is still not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in ameliorating the adverse behavioural and neurochemical consequences of chronic stress. To this end, a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) animal model was used, and psilocybin treatment was administered (two doses of 1 mg/kg, i.p., administered 7 days apart). Psilocybin reversed impairments in anhedonia and behavioural despair dimensions of depressive phenotype but not in apathy-related behaviour. Psilocybin administration was also able to exert an anxiolytic-like effect on treated animals. Physiological alterations caused by stress, indicative of a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), were not reversed by psilocybin. When neuroplasticity-related proteins were assessed in cerebral cortex, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found to be decreased in stressed animals, and treatment did not reverse such impairment. Psilocybin administration increased the expression and function of serotonin-2A-receptor (5HT2AR) in brain cortex of control and CUMS groups. Furthermore, psilocybin treatment caused a selective increase in the expression of glucocorticoid-receptor (GR) in brain cortex of CUMS mice. In conclusion, psilocybin was able to rescue impairments in the depressive phenotype, and to induce anxiolytic-like effects. Furthermore, an enhancement in sensitivity to psilocybin-induced HTR was observed following a booster dose. Altogether, this work provides new knowledge on the putative benefit/risk actions of psilocybin and contributes to the understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of action of psychedelics.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-06-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-025-03421-4", "pubmed_id": "40517150", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03421-4", "keywords": "Neurochemical, Psilocybin, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychology, Neuroscience, Chronic stress, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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Erkizia-Santamaría\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-4571\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028869928\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Horrillo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115558540\",\"display_name\":\"Nerea Martínez-Álvarez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Daniel Pérez-Martínez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066437036\",\"display_name\":\"Guadalupe Rivero\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-4047\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000178647\",\"display_name\":\"Amaia M. Erdozain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0207-9122\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024198476\",\"display_name\":\"J. Javier Meana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033481973\",\"display_name\":\"Jorge E. Ortega\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-874X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03421-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411302754" }, { "id": 4361, "title": "Advancing the Anthropology of Psychedelics: Integrating Clinical Evidence, Sociocultural Insights, and Ethical Frameworks", "normalized_title": "advancing the anthropology of psychedelics integrating clinical evidence sociocultural insights and ethical frameworks", "authors": "Liu Yi-Fei, Lien-Chung Wei", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Joshua Falcon's comprehensive synthesis, “Anthropology of Psychedelics,” significantly addresses gaps in psychedelic anthropology, particularly urban practices in the Global North and decolonial considerations. This commentary expands upon Falcon's work by incorporating recent clinical studies and sociocultural analyses that reinforce his proposed directions. Empirical evidence from psilocybin-assisted group therapy among cancer patients highlights the critical role of therapeutic environments, aligning with Falcon's emphasis on “set and setting.” Moreover, recent investigations into psychedelic microdosing illustrate complex user-driven cultural dynamics, advocating deeper anthropological exploration of stigma management and integration practices. Hartogsohn's examination of socio-cultural microclimates and Rose's sociological application of Durkheim's “collective effervescence” further validate Falcon's theoretical approach. Ethical considerations regarding cultural appropriation and Indigenous epistemologies, as discussed by Dupuis and Veissiere, underscore the necessity of culturally sensitive frameworks in psychedelic research. This commentary advocates ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration to enrich the anthropological understanding of psychedelics, emphasizing clinical efficacy, sociocultural context, and ethical integrity.", "journal": "Anthropology of Consciousness", "publication_date": "2025-06-11", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/anoc.70004", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/anoc.70004", "keywords": "Sociocultural evolution, Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology, Epistemology, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:39", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411292729\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411292729\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4285041046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306913343\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405615445\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405666764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409619685\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Liu Yi-Fei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085841202\",\"display_name\":\"Lien-Chung Wei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7383-7309\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S125931951\",\"source_display_name\":\"Anthropology of Consciousness\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/anoc.70004\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411292729" }, { "id": 652, "title": "Classic Psychedelics in Pain Modulation: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Perspectives.", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics in pain modulation mechanisms clinical evidence and future perspectives", "authors": "Czopek A, Jończyk J, Fryc M, Kluzik D, Zagórska A.", "abstract": "Millions worldwide suffer from chronic pain, a complex condition often accompanied by depression and anxiety, highlighting the urgent need for innovative treatments. Classic psychedelics, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), primarily act on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and have emerged as potential modulators of pain perception and mood regulation. These substances may offer an alternative to conventional analgesics, such as opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), by influencing neuroplasticity, descending pain modulation pathways, and inflammatory processes. Evidence from case studies, preclinical research, and early phase clinical trials suggests that psychedelics may alleviate pain in conditions such as cluster headaches, migraines, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain syndromes. However, the exact mechanisms underlying their analgesic properties are yet to be fully understood. While psychedelics show promise in reshaping pain management strategies, rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to establish their safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of psychedelics for chronic pain and emphasizes the necessity of further research to validate their role in modern pain medicine.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-06-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00152", "pubmed_id": "40474592", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00152", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Pain, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Analgesics, Hallucinogens, Pain Management, Chronic Pain", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40474592\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 666, "title": "Psilocybin’s acute and persistent brain effects: a precision imaging drug trial", "normalized_title": "psilocybin s acute and persistent brain effects a precision imaging drug trial", "authors": "Subha Subramanian, Travis Rick Reneau, Demetrius Perry, Ravi V. Chacko, Timothy O. Laumann, Karin Flavin, Christine Horan, Julia Schweiger, Nicholas V. Metcalf, Eric J. Lenze, Abraham Z. Snyder, Nico U.F. Dosenbach, Ginger E. Nicol, Joshua S. Siegel", "abstract": "Psilocybin (PSIL) is a psychedelic drug and a promising experimental therapeutic for many psychiatric conditions. Precision functional mapping (PFM) combines densely repeated resting state fMRI sampling and individual-specific network mapping to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and effect size in brain imaging research. We present a randomized cross-over study in which PFM was used to characterize acute and persistent effects of psilocybin or methylphenidate (MTP) on brain networks. Seven healthy volunteers (mean age 34.1 years, SD = 9.8; n = 3 females, n = 6 Caucasians) underwent (1) extensive baseline imaging, (2) imaging beginning 60-90 minutes after drug exposure, and (3) longitudinal imaging for up to two weeks after drug exposure. Four individuals also participated in an open-label PSIL replication protocol over 6 months later. This dataset includes resting state (using advanced high-resolution multi-echo fMRI), task fMRI, structural, and diffusion basis spectral imaging as well as assessments of subjective experience. We are releasing this unique dataset as a resource for neuroscientists to study the acute and persistent effects of PSIL and MTP on brain networks.", "journal": "Scientific Data", "publication_date": "2025-06-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41597-025-05189-0", "pubmed_id": "40473634", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05189-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Neuroimaging, Drug, Drug trial, Medicine, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Clinical trial, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411071772\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411071772\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973776237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983208069\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984453610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027270401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041127567\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042049661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058253334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110437310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118879132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130320505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136573752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138959943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145626389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151936673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167822639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2556623269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597348720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737241688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741941708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2743362255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788524689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789530810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802032956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802442632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901877120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922869953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951103577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974338024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991634959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995276946\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035149259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3101545983\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196656341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211262802\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220838968\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297984090\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387022287\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387105816\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103234980\",\"display_name\":\"Subha Subramanian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-3922\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Travis Rick Reneau\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108956430\",\"display_name\":\"Demetrius Perry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037155904\",\"display_name\":\"Ravi V. Chacko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-4497\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077116460\",\"display_name\":\"Timothy O. Laumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-427X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117082814\",\"display_name\":\"Karin Flavin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044121453\",\"display_name\":\"Christine Horan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068518210\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Schweiger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037717667\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas V. Metcalf\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053095971\",\"display_name\":\"Eric J. Lenze\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026837899\",\"display_name\":\"Abraham Z. Snyder\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-9627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024114285\",\"display_name\":\"Nico U.F. Dosenbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-7078\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100674659\",\"display_name\":\"Ginger E. Nicol\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-6129\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075343216\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua S. Siegel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-3641\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2607323502\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Data\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05189-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411071772" }, { "id": 462, "title": "Psychedelics in the Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders: Coincidence or a New Point of View.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders coincidence or a new point of view", "authors": "Lashgari NA, Khalaji M, Rana P, Badrabadi F, Rahnama M, Nasoori H, Momeni Roudsari N, Khosravi Nia MM, Shafaroodi H.", "abstract": "Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered one of the major problems of today's societies and cause many individual and social problems. Current treatments are effective, but due to their burdens, there is always an effort to introduce novel treatments. Psychedelics, a diverse group of psychoactive compounds, including LSD, psilocybin, DMT, MDMA, and ketamine, have shown potential in modulating neurologic and psychiatric disorders due to several mechanisms. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in both neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders due to their several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and biological properties. This study was conducted across major databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Medline, due to the systematically searched literature including clinical, preclinical, and in vitro studies. Psychedelic compounds such as psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA have demonstrated beneficial effects across various models of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders, including depression, PTSD, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. These effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory actions (e.g., downregulation of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α), antioxidant activity (e.g., induction of SOD), and enhancement of neuroplasticity through increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor such as BDNF. Additionally, psychedelics modulate key neurotransmitter systems, notably increasing synaptic levels of serotonin and dopamine, which are critically involved in mood regulation and cognitive function. Compared to conventional treatments, psychedelics offer faster onset, durable effects, and possible disease-modifying properties, making them promising candidates for future neurotherapeutics.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-06-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s12035-025-05097-9", "pubmed_id": "40461729", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-025-05097-9", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40461729\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2003, "title": "Towards \"unmakable\" psychedelics: SAR exploration of psilocin analogs obtained by a HATU-mediated amide coupling strategy", "normalized_title": "towards unmakable psychedelics sar exploration of psilocin analogs obtained by a hatu mediated amide coupling strategy", "authors": "Judith Stirn, Raphael Berger, Harald Hübner, Peter Gmeiner, Christian D. Klein", "abstract": "4-Hydroxytryptamines such as psilocin and its prodrug psilocybin are of considerable current interest for innovative antidepressant and other neuropsychiatric treatments. We here present a synthetic route towards 4-hydroxytryptamines displaying a high versatility for SAR exploration at the aliphatic nitrogen. The core concept is to apply HATU-mediated amide couplings to a readily accessible and stable N1 -Boc-indole-3-glyoxylic acid precursor followed by N -deprotection under mild conditions. We illustrate the versatility of this approach by the synthesis of various sterically hindered, conformationally constrained, chiral, and electron-deficient 4-hydroxytryptamines, including closely related congeners of iprocin. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of the obtained compounds are explored with a focus on their interaction with the serotonin receptors 1A and 2A (5-HT1/2A ). An increase in steric bulk at the aliphatic nitrogen appears to be detrimental to the affinity to the 5-HT2A receptor, whereas azetidinyl tryptamines bearing a terminal aryl moiety demonstrated remarkably high affinity.", "journal": "European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports", "publication_date": "2025-06-02", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.ejmcr.2025.100278", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmcr.2025.100278", "keywords": "Amide, Chemistry, Coupling (piping), Combinatorial chemistry, Stereochemistry, Organic chemistry, Materials science, Metallurgy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410990611\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410990611\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1964565120\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979453927\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981598408\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988997569\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018105404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023331513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041513075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057352300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058637803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059573452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060621401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087911652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120981694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127468185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136779718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144083203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144199887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297439341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333201600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340466093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2494980698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581696375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788130744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902337866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992072014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999478951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005456691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080483554\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120513725\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137933781\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209595730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231404788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286500056\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288425119\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312276501\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387047256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389164252\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389203746\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396988535\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408072192\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408608578\",\"https://openalex.org/W6786695311\",\"https://openalex.org/W6807621947\",\"https://openalex.org/W6861068447\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007293482\",\"display_name\":\"Judith Stirn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9105-3894\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Raphael Berger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5746-2692\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084855474\",\"display_name\":\"Harald Hübner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-599X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111987638\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Gmeiner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071859243\",\"display_name\":\"Christian D. Klein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-9182\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210220500\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmcr.2025.100278\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410990611" }, { "id": 680, "title": "The therapeutic effects of psychedelics for opioid use disorder: A systematic review of clinical studies.", "normalized_title": "the therapeutic effects of psychedelics for opioid use disorder a systematic review of clinical studies", "authors": "Weleff J, Pulido-Saavedra A, Aghaei AM, Ing K, Arakelian M, Fontenele R, Nero N, Barnett BS, Anand A, Bassir Nia A, Angarita GA", "abstract": "Opioid-related overdose deaths have reached record high levels, and novel treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) are needed. The three United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for OUD function primarily at the mu-opioid receptor. While these remain the gold-standard treatment for OUD, they have shortcomings and treatment options separate from the opioid receptor system deserve attention. Preclinical, clinical, and naturalistic studies of psychedelics have shown some evidence that they may reduce opioid and other substance use. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of clinical studies investigating the therapeutic applications of psychedelics for OUD to describe the current state of the literature and guide future clinical study design in this area. Findings indicate few studies completed using serotonergic psychedelics, with most investigating ibogaine or ketamine. In addition, findings are limited by many studies of weak design focused on opioid withdrawal, and few double-blind or placebo-controlled trials with considerable methodological heterogeneity making comparisons difficult across compounds. Most studies were found to have a high risk of bias mostly related to lack of randomization, blinding, and blinding of assessment outcomes. We outline these limitations and steps towards improving the quality of future studies of psychedelics for OUD.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "publication_date": "2025-05-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116446", "pubmed_id": "40147088", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40147088/", "keywords": "Ayahuasca, Ibogaine, Ketamine, LSD, Noribogaine, Opioid use disorder, Psilocybin, Psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:35", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40147088\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 661, "title": "Psychedelic fungi", "normalized_title": "psychedelic fungi", "authors": "Jason C. Slot, Dirk Hoffmeister", "abstract": "Several species of fungi, collectively known as 'psychedelic fungi', produce a range of psychoactive substances, such as psilocybin, ibotenic acid, muscimol and lysergic acid amides. These substances interact with neurotransmitter receptors in the human brain to induce profound psychological effects. These substances are found across multiple fungal phyla, in the mushroom-forming genera Psilocybe, Amanita, and others, and also the ergot-producing Claviceps and insect-pathogenic Massospora. The ecological roles of these psychedelics may include deterring predators or facilitating spore dispersal. Enzymes for psychedelic compound biosynthesis are encoded in metabolic gene clusters that are sometimes dispersed by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in a patchy distribution of psychedelics among species. The (re-)emerging science of these strange substances creates new opportunities and challenges for science and humanity at large.", "journal": "Current Biology", "publication_date": "2025-05-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.026", "pubmed_id": "40494306", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.026", "keywords": "Biology, Evolutionary biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411149610\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411149610\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093994427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586140482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894155939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926665170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118242732\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138129301\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204171992\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224240650\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225114051\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291383525\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377019741\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386765415\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388641010\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400240547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403595457\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053454511\",\"display_name\":\"Jason C. Slot\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-3405\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010592951\",\"display_name\":\"Dirk Hoffmeister\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-6461\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S128425624\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Biology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.026\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411149610" }, { "id": 3081, "title": "Converging pathways: shared brain circuitry engaged by monoaminergic antidepressants, ketamine and psilocybin", "normalized_title": "converging pathways shared brain circuitry engaged by monoaminergic antidepressants ketamine and psilocybin", "authors": "Joseph K, Collins J, Genovese T, Maxwell M, Lieberman JA, Osten P.", "abstract": "Ketamine has transformed depression treatment by providing therapeutic relief within a single day, unlike monoaminergic antidepressants that require weeks to take effect. Here, we conducted whole-brain screening in mice to compare drug-evoked c-fos expression-acting as a marker of brain activity leading to protein synthesis-dependent forms of plasticity-following treatment with monoaminergic antidepressants, ketamine and psilocybin. Our findings reveal a shared limbic brain circuit comprising subcortical and frontal cortical regions, with a key distinction: c-fos-based activity in the prelimbic and infralimbic frontal cortex-areas strongly implicated in depression-was acutely induced by ketamine and high-dose psilocybin, but emerged only after chronic dosing with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine or psilocybin microdosing. These results suggest the existence of a core limbic subcortico-cortical circuit underlying antidepressant efficacy, provide mechanistic insight into the delayed therapeutic effects of monoaminergic antidepressants, and reveal a close similarity in brain activity evoked by monoaminergic antidepressants and psilocybin microdosing.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-05-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.05.26.655791", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.26.655791", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1028717\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Microdosing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 688, "title": "Patients’ Attitudes Toward Hallucinogenic and Non-Hallucinogenic Psilocybin for Mental Health Treatment", "normalized_title": "patients attitudes toward hallucinogenic and non hallucinogenic psilocybin for mental health treatment", "authors": "Araam Abboud, Clay M. Schiebrel, Ramzi W. Nahhas, Sam Durkin, Kyle Hua, Hannah Redding, Danielle Gainer", "abstract": "This study examined patient perspectives on psilocybin therapy, specifically their acceptance and views on the therapeutic benefits of both hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic forms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among psychiatric patients aged 18-65 at a community mental health center, assessing their attitudes, knowledge, and acceptance of psilocybin therapy. In total, 62.4% of the participants expressed openness to hallucinogenic psilocybin (p =.009), while 60.4% were open to non-hallucinogenic forms (p =.023). Patients with major depressive disorder preferred hallucinogenic therapy more (p =.010), while those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) (p =.030) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (p =.035) favored non-hallucinogenic options, possibly due to concerns about the intensity of hallucinogenic experiences. Individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) demonstrated a greater acceptance of both hallucinogenic (p =.007) and non-hallucinogenic forms (p =.046) than individuals without SUD. These findings suggest that societal stigma is not a significant barrier to psilocybin therapy and that non-hallucinogenic forms may provide a more accessible option for certain patient groups. Understanding patient perspectives on psilocybin therapy, including vulnerability to adverse hallucinogenic experiences, can inform personalized and effective treatments for resistant conditions.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2025-05-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2025.2511752", "pubmed_id": "40443112", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2511752", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Ayahuasca, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Psychoactive substance, Mental health, Psychiatry, Medicine, Sociology, Serotonin, Anthropology, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410874041\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410874041\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093274439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2265226459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891113994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944434778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984882636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998403265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133450788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3186232511\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198659533\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290990311\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309472913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312084004\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361292040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366089680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380371967\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387473380\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389164252\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396236933\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396849828\",\"https://openalex.org/W7048550162\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095064985\",\"display_name\":\"Araam Abboud\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020918844\",\"display_name\":\"Clay M. Schiebrel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111600988\",\"display_name\":\"Ramzi W. Nahhas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Sam Durkin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117765472\",\"display_name\":\"Kyle Hua\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083097874\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah Redding\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020627511\",\"display_name\":\"Danielle Gainer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-7579\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2511752\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410874041" }, { "id": 659, "title": "The Selective Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonist (S)-3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine (LPH-5) Induces Persistent and Robust Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rodents", "normalized_title": "the selective serotonin 5 ht2a receptor agonist s 3 2 5 dimethoxy 4 trifluoromethyl phenyl piperidine lph 5 induces persistent and robust antidepressant like effects in rodents", "authors": "Anders A. Jensen, Cláudia R. Cecchi, Meghan Hibicke, Astrid H. Bach, Erik Kaadt, Emil Märcher-Rørsted, Charles D. Nichols, Betina Elfving, Jesper L. Kristensen", "abstract": "Psychedelics have emerged as a promising treatment for mental health disease, and the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is presently being pursued in numerous clinical trials. This has prompted a search for novel agents with more specific pharmacological activities than the rather promiscuous classical psychedelics. Here we present the detailed pharmacological characterization of one such compound, LPH-5 [( S )-3-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine]. LPH-5 was found to be a potent partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A R) with pronounced selectivity for 5-HT2A R over the related 5-HT2B R and 5-HT2C R in a range of functional assays. LPH-5 dose-dependently induced head-twitch responses (HTR) as well as robust acute and persistent antidepressant-like effects in rats. These results suggest that selective 5-HT2A R activation holds antidepressant potential and indicate that this activity component is key for the therapeutics effects of classical psychedelics.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2025-05-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00208", "pubmed_id": "40534669", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00208", "keywords": "Antidepressant, Piperidine, Agonist, 5-HT receptor, Trifluoromethyl, Chemistry, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Receptor, Medicinal chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Alkyl, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410859687\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410859687\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1768801508\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980439126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016710361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040103405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050911223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078247064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091064555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100765179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123684145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144970933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528600150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603680724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783586536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794014176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884044098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894631918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953678808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955504961\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045900815\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239632189\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298137791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307201625\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307758883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308953446\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327716821\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385415188\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386019723\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387105778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387267866\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388049865\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394993604\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102872929\",\"display_name\":\"Anders A. Jensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-5052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070146914\",\"display_name\":\"Cláudia R. Cecchi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-9216\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114151740\",\"display_name\":\"Astrid H. Bach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069655400\",\"display_name\":\"Erik Kaadt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082589193\",\"display_name\":\"Emil Märcher-Rørsted\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-6655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062999838\",\"display_name\":\"Betina Elfving\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-5088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016691908\",\"display_name\":\"Jesper L. Kristensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-1267\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00208\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410859687" }, { "id": 3708, "title": "Role of the Serotonin 2A Receptor in Psilocybin-induced Altered States of Consciousness (PDR-Study)", "normalized_title": "role of the serotonin 2a receptor in psilocybin induced altered states of consciousness pdr study", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "Psilocybin (active compound of \"magic mushrooms\") is a prototypical psychedelic substance that acts via agonism on serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptors. Psilocybin is rapidly metabolized into its active metabolite psilocin. Psilocybin is currently under investigation as potential treatment for various neuropsychiatric disorders. Psilocybin is also widely used for recreational purposes and as research tool in neuroscience. Besides its current clinical development, a clear characterization of the dose-response relationship of psilocybin is lacking. With the present study the investigators aim to close this knowledge gap by administering low (5mg) to high (40mg) single doses of psilocybin to healthy participants. Besides its agonism on 5-HT2A receptors, psilocin also binds to other receptors and inhibits serotonin transporters (SERT). To this data only few studies have investigated these effects and never at a high dose. Psilocybin is widely used for recreational and spiritual purposes. Additionally Psilocybin is currently reused in experimental studies with healthy subjects and in studies investigating its effects on patients suffering from anxiety, depression, addiction personality disorders and other pathological conditions. The present PDR-study will characterize the subjective effects of different doses of psilocybin using modern psychometric instruments, explore the relationship between the plasma-concentration of psilocybin and its subjective effects, and examine the contribution of the 5-HT2A receptor in the psilocybin-induced alterations of consciousness in a mechanistic study in healthy subjects. Participants will recieve doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg psilocybin, 40 mg of psilocybin with pretreatment of 40 mg ketanserin, and placebo (control for psilocybin). Placebo pretreatment (control for ketanserin) will be used for all psilocybin administrations without ketanserin. Administrations will be separated by at least 10 days and are in random and counter-balanced order.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-05-27", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06796361", "keywords": "Healthy, Ketanserin 40mg plus Psilocybin 40mg, 40mg Psilocybin, 20mg Psilocybin, 10mg Psilocybin, 5mg Psilocybin, Placebo, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06796361\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Personality Change,Spirituality,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 647, "title": "Psilocybin and psilocin regulate microglial immunomodulation and support neuroplasticity via serotonergic and AhR signaling", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and psilocin regulate microglial immunomodulation and support neuroplasticity via serotonergic and ahr signaling", "authors": "Salma Laabi, Claire LeMmon, Callie Vogel, M. Chacón, Víctor M. Jiménez", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Immunopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-05-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114940", "pubmed_id": "40424654", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114940", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Neuroinflammation, Microglia, Biology, Inflammation, Medicine, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Internal medicine, Immunology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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",\"https://openalex.org/W4323361230\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324045013\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324147331\",\"https://openalex.org/W4360952624\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381252723\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382777664\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384925775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385834760\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392119029\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394009974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395006819\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400513312\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400844758\",\"https://openalex.org/W6634686509\",\"https://openalex.org/W6847188910\",\"https://openalex.org/W6847267209\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093992338\",\"display_name\":\"Salma Laabi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4946-1723\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093992339\",\"display_name\":\"Claire LeMmon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3794-8817\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101308813\",\"display_name\":\"Callie Vogel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014528999\",\"display_name\":\"M. Chacón\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4495-9802\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082760525\",\"display_name\":\"Víctor M. Jiménez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-6072\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S158377717\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Immunopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114940\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410735628" }, { "id": 665, "title": "Role of endogenous serotonin in psychedelic-like effects of psilocybin in mice", "normalized_title": "role of endogenous serotonin in psychedelic like effects of psilocybin in mice", "authors": "Ines Erkizia-Santamaría, Nerea Martínez-Álvarez, Leyre Salinas-Novoa, J. Javier Meana, Jorge E. Ortega", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The psychedelic psilocybin has been posited as efficacious for the treatment of depression. However, the potential link between the intensity of acute psychedelic effects and long-term therapeutic outcomes remains undiscovered. Moreover, the impact of classical antidepressant drugs that modulate serotonergic activity on psilocybin's effects is a clinically relevant concern. The aim of the present study was to assess serotonergic mechanisms implicated in the regulation of the intensity of the psilocybin-induced acute effects. METHODS: The head-twitch response (HTR), the most translational behavioral assay to characterize the psychedelic-like effect in rodents was performed. Moreover, the role of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) on psilocybin-induced HTR was studied by in vivo brain microdialysis technique. RESULTS: Maximally effective psilocybin dose (1 mg/kg) induced progressively lower HTR in heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice for serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2AR), compared to wild type. Synaptic increase of 5-HT by citalopram dose-dependently attenuated psilocybin-induced HTR after both acute and chronic dosing regimens. Conversely, depletion of 5-HT by p-chlorophenylalanine potentiated psilocybin-evoked HTR. Serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1AR) agonist 8-OH-DPAT dose-dependently decreased psilocybin-induced HTR, demonstrating functional interaction between 5HT2AR and 5HT1AR for psychedelic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings reveal an inverse correlation between cortical 5-HT levels and the acute psychedelic-like effects of psilocybin. Consequently, the enhancement of serotonergic activity induced by prior antidepressant treatment may underlie interindividual variability in the acute response to psychedelics. Investigating these mechanisms in relation to the sustained therapeutic outcomes of psilocybin could contribute to optimizing the efficacy of psychedelic-based therapies.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-05-24", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyaf035", "pubmed_id": "40413648", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf035", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin, Endogeny, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410718370\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410718370\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1435813042\",\"https://openalex.org/W1563937250\",\"https://openalex.org/W1921464947\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965363587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980779249\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026643634\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030313035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2777548161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047879827\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116452987\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213217218\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233435953\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252518069\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377142748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391286658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391574526\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396518351\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396588878\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400013914\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404349949\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406097304\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406874124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064629089\",\"display_name\":\"Ines Erkizia-Santamaría\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-4571\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115558540\",\"display_name\":\"Nerea Martínez-Álvarez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117691312\",\"display_name\":\"Leyre Salinas-Novoa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024198476\",\"display_name\":\"J. Javier Meana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033481973\",\"display_name\":\"Jorge E. Ortega\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-874X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf035\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410718370" }, { "id": 881, "title": "Clinical pharmacology.", "normalized_title": "clinical pharmacology", "authors": "Vogt SB, Liechti ME.", "abstract": "To design therapeutic trials and select the most appropriate substance and dose for an indication, a detailed understanding of clinical pharmacology is crucial. In recent years, several studies have explored the human pharmacology of different psychedelics and 3,4-methylendioxymethylamphetamin (MDMA). This chapter summarizes pharmacological characteristics of the serotonergic psychedelics psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-DMT (5-MeO-DMT), and MDMA. We summarize their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, metabolism, and safety, with a focus on human data from modern clinical trials. Additionally, we provide recommendations for dosing, dose adjustment, and interactions with other medications. We show that the different serotonergic psychedelics produce overall comparable acute subjective and somatic effects primarily through interactions with 5-HT2A receptors. However, the exact mechanisms of their potential therapeutic benefits in patients remain to be elucidated. Moreover, classic psychedelics differ substantially in their pharmacokinetics and metabolism, resulting mainly in different durations of action, which may influence their suitability for specific therapeutic uses and indications. In contrast, MDMA has a psychopharmacological profile that is distinct from serotonergic psychedelics, characterized by acute stimulant-like and empathogenic effects. In terms of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships, acute effects of the psychedelics mirror their plasma-concentration-time curves, whereas acute effects of MDMA are shorter-lasting than its presence in the body. Thus, MDMA, but not the psychedelics, exhibits marked acute pharmacological tolerance. A good understanding of the pharmacology of classic psychedelics and MDMA forms the basis for their clinical use and the design of clinical therapeutic trials.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-05-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.003", "pubmed_id": "40541320", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.003", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Pharmacology, Clinical, Clinical Trials as Topic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40541320\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3103, "title": "Separate or inseparable? Serotonin and dopamine system interactions may underlie the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for anorexia nervosa.", "normalized_title": "separate or inseparable serotonin and dopamine system interactions may underlie the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for anorexia nervosa", "authors": "McCoy K, Reed F, Conn K, Foldi CJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as a promising treatment for a range of mental health conditions, including anorexia nervosa. Recent insights from animal models and human imaging studies suggest psilocybin enhances cognitive flexibility and modifies reward processing - two core processes disrupted in anorexia nervosa. Both cognitive flexibility and reward processing are highly dependent on interactions between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems in key brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Psilocybin's influence on neuroplasticity, particularly in promoting structural and functional changes in neural circuits, underpins its therapeutic potential. While its effects are predominantly attributed to activity of the 5-HT2A receptor subtype, recent evidence suggests a broader network of brain receptor interactions, particularly those with dopaminergic pathways, plays a crucial role. Investigations using rodent models reveal that psilocybin induces both rapid and enduring neuroplastic changes, improving cognitive flexibility through these complex neurochemical mechanisms. Advances in real-time in vivo neurochemical recording now allow simultaneous monitoring of 5-HT and DA signalling, which will provide essential insights into their distinct and coordinated actions during cognitive performance. This integrative framework highlights the need for further research into psilocybin's dual modulation of 5-HT and DA systems to optimize its therapeutic applications for anorexia nervosa, a life-threatening condition that is characterized by impairments in cognitive flexibility and reward processing.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-05-19", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114957", "pubmed_id": "40403997", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114957", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Dopamine, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Reward, Anorexia Nervosa, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40403997\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 499, "title": "Psychedelic-like effects induced by 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in male and female C57BL/6J mice", "normalized_title": "psychedelic like effects induced by 2 5 dimethoxy 4 iodoamphetamine lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in male and female c57bl 6j mice", "authors": "Shelby A. McGriff, Jacquelin C Hecker, Alexander D. Maitland, John S. Partilla, Michael H. Baumann, Grant C. Glatfelter", "abstract": "RATIONALE: The head twitch response (HTR) is a spontaneously occurring behavior in mice that is increased in frequency by serotonergic psychedelics. The mouse HTR is often used as a proxy for psychedelic-like drug effects, but limited information is available about sex differences in HTRs evoked by various classes of psychedelics (i.e., phenethylamines, lysergamides, tryptamines). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To examine potential sex differences in responsiveness to structurally-distinct psychedelics, acute effects of subcutaneous 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI, 0.03-10 mg/kg), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 0.003-1 mg/kg), and 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin, 0.03-10 mg/kg) on HTRs were compared in male and female C57BL/6J mice. For comparison, effects of the drugs on locomotor activity and body temperature were also determined. RESULTS: Drug potencies for inducing HTRs were similar in males and females for all drugs, with only LSD exhibiting detectable differences due to increased maximal counts in females. Importantly, the maximum number of HTRs observed for all drugs was higher in females, with significant differences between sexes for DOI and LSD. Dose x sex interactions for the dose-response data were statistically significant for psilocybin and LSD, with females displaying more HTRs after the highest or peak doses of all drugs. The acute effects of drugs on locomotion and temperature varied by drug, but were similar in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The present results overall show no substantial sex differences in the potencies to induce HTRs for DOI, LSD, and psilocybin in C57BL/6J mice. However, females uniformly displayed more HTRs at high doses administered across chemotypes. The results further suggest that commonly used doses of psychedelics induce comparable psychedelic-like effects in male and female C57BL/6J mice, but modest differences may emerge at high doses.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-05-15", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x", "pubmed_id": "40381003", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid, Psychology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Medicine, Psychiatry, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410466765\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410466765\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971737428\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013448136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021349846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026786579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042469037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056439165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059800315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060487112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061601865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081487441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085564728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090508525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097178480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120981694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136816138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146585068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2300741967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621905925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789541163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988260994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088264875\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165049600\",\"https://openalex.org/W3189055936\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212990475\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221013630\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246108751\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282982392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295789857\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308372082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311564573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387389328\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388233923\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391574526\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392809290\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396732522\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399917337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401862709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402238710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403242904\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405074416\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089357533\",\"display_name\":\"Shelby A. McGriff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-0127\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060987811\",\"display_name\":\"Jacquelin C Hecker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067841330\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander D. Maitland\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012476234\",\"display_name\":\"John S. Partilla\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06795-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410466765" }, { "id": 658, "title": "The Intersection of Psychedelics and Sleep: Exploring the Impacts on Sleep Architecture, Dream States, and Therapeutic Implications", "normalized_title": "the intersection of psychedelics and sleep exploring the impacts on sleep architecture dream states and therapeutic implications", "authors": "Haojiang Zhai, Hongshuang Wang, Haohong Li, Xiaohui Wang", "abstract": "The interplay between psychedelics, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and sleep is an emerging area, but their impact on sleep remains relatively underexplored. This viewpoint provides a perspective on how psychedelics may alter sleep phases, dreaming, and their potential therapeutic applications for sleep disorders.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2025-05-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00234", "pubmed_id": "40534671", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00234", "keywords": "Dream, Sleep (system call), Sleep architecture, Intersection (aeronautics), Architecture, Psychology, Neuroscience, Computer science, History, Polysomnography, Geography, Archaeology, Cartography, Electroencephalography, Operating system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410402984\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410402984\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043226349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053406116\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065455020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122806567\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132268560\",\"https://openalex.org/W2704181554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107150606\",\"https://openalex.org/W3119374612\",\"https://openalex.org/W3174280951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213242190\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205158881\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214570845\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281386811\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316171029\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321089284\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367669486\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394808303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395012640\",\"https://openalex.org/W4397010929\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404321372\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Haojiang Zhai\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006917915\",\"display_name\":\"Hongshuang Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8797-4822\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101832733\",\"display_name\":\"Haohong Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-9075\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100618787\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-5612\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00234\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410402984" }, { "id": 3694, "title": "Investigating the Role of Serotonin in the Mechanism of Action of Psilocybin in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder", "normalized_title": "investigating the role of serotonin in the mechanism of action of psilocybin in patients with major depressive disorder", "authors": "Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai", "abstract": "This is an interventional, parallel arm assignment treatment study in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Each individual will be treated with a single dose of pimavanserin or placebo plus a single dose of psilocybin. Evaluations will be taken before dosing and following dosing at several timepoints up to 5 weeks post-dosing. In this study, the researchers want to probe the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in mediating the subjective effects of psilocybin. While previous studies have shown that blockage of the 5-HT2A receptor reduces the psychedelic experience in humans, an animal study revealed that blockage of the 5-HT2A receptor abolished the psychedelic effects without affecting the antidepressant response. This suggests that the pathway responsible for the antidepressant response is dissociated from the psychedelic experience pathway, which is mediated by 5-HT2A signaling.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-05-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06592833", "keywords": "Major Depressive Disorder, Psilocybin, Pimavanserin, Nuplazid, Placebo, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06592833\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 885, "title": "Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: A comprehensive overview.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics for depression a comprehensive overview", "authors": "Wingert AM, Agnorelli C, Peill J, Reed S, Nutt DJ, Erritzoe D.", "abstract": "Depressive disorders continue to pose a major clinical challenge worldwide, particularly given the high prevalence and increasing number of treatment-resistant cases. Over the past decade, advances in research have elucidated the antidepressant potential of psilocybin and other 5-HT₂A receptor agonists in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Phase I and II clinical trials have consistently demonstrated that even a single administration can yield rapid and sustained symptom reduction. These effects compare favourably with conventional pharmacotherapies such as SSRIs and ketamine. The distinctive pharmacological profile and robust safety data associated with serotonergic psychedelics make them particularly promising candidates, especially for patients who do not respond to standard treatments. Nonetheless, several challenges impede their integration into routine clinical practice, including the resource-intensive nature of psychedelic-assisted therapy, which demands specialized training and controlled settings. Despite those limitations, some countries including Australia, Switzerland or Canada are paving the way by allowing the use of psilocybin in TRD cases. This chapter reviews the antidepressant potential of psilocybin, DMT, ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT based on modern clinical trial data, comparing effect sizes of psychedelics to conventional treatments like SSRIs and ketamine, and provides a brief overview of their potential neurobiological mechanisms.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-05-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.009", "pubmed_id": "40541312", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.009", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40541312\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 701, "title": "Race/ethnicity moderates the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder", "normalized_title": "race ethnicity moderates the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder", "authors": "Grant Jones", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating health condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. While preliminary studies have demonstrated that psilocybin is associated with lowered odds of OUD, current research in this domain suffers from a lack of investigation into the impact of race/ethnicity on this association. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of race and ethnicity on the association between psilocybin use and lowered odds of OUD using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2019) (N = 706,891). METHOD: I used survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression to test whether race/ethnicity moderates the association between psilocybin use and lowered odds of OUD. Subsequently, I stratified my sample by race and ethnicity and assessed the associations between psilocybin and OUD for individual racial and ethnic groups (White, Black, Indigenous, Asian, Multiracial, Hispanic). My analysis plan was pre-registered. RESULTS: Race and ethnicity significantly moderated the association between psilocybin and OUD. Furthermore, when I stratified my sample by race and ethnicity, only White participants and Hispanic participants demonstrated a link between psilocybin and lowered odds of OUD (White aOR: 0.84; Hispanic aOR: 0.68). For Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Multiracial participants, psilocybin did not share a significant association with OUD. CONCLUSION: Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between psilocybin and OUD. Future longitudinal, experimental, and qualitative research is needed to better understand the pattern of associations I observed in this study.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2025-05-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0321461", "pubmed_id": "40334252", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321461", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ethnic group, Demography, Odds, Odds ratio, Opioid use disorder, Medicine, Logistic regression, Race (biology), Gerontology, Psychiatry, Psychology, Opioid, Sociology, Gender studies, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Anthropology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410148514\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410148514\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992059353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066160848\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2195703978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537538142\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567295262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571443797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792635467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801728504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805664586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894541203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982441784\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000475066\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004874330\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095492073\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124059976\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127222350\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157608139\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164067847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195202265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197065105\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207768063\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211698153\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205090246\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213251631\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223525754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283275230\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296806518\",\"https://openalex.org/W4304118763\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307773202\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381895482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386165916\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396954050\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399977372\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402738871\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403628871\",\"https://openalex.org/W6795936701\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066674976\",\"display_name\":\"Grant Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-310X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321461\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410148514" }, { "id": 4375, "title": "Michael A. Wheeler: Psychedelics and neuroimmune circuits-what a strange trip, indeed", "normalized_title": "michael a wheeler psychedelics and neuroimmune circuits what a strange trip indeed", "authors": "Michael A. Wheeler", "abstract": "In a thought-provoking Genomic Press interview, Dr. Michael Wheeler emerges as a brilliant scientific innovator at the intersection of neuroscience and immunology. As an Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School and an investigator at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Wheeler's groundbreaking research explores how brain-immune communication shapes our behaviors and emotions. His innovative laboratory weaves together genomic screening, single-cell technologies, and behavioral studies to unravel the fascinating dialogue between peripheral immune cells and brain function. Most remarkably, Wheeler's NIH-funded research has shown that psychedelics like psilocybin can reverse stress-induced fear behaviors by targeting a previously hidden neuroimmune pathway connecting inflammatory cells in the meninges to critical brain regions controlling emotions and rewards. This groundbreaking work has just been further validated in a Nature article (23 April 2025, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08880-9 ) showing how psychedelics regulate the complex interplay between brain and immune cells in fear responses. By revealing how psychedelics modulate not just neurons but also immune responses, Wheeler's paradigm-shifting research opens exciting new therapeutic possibilities for depression, addiction, and stress-related disorders. Through his warm, authentic scientific approach and deep curiosity about mind-body connections, Wheeler represents a new generation of researchers redrawing the boundaries between psychiatry and immunology to transform our understanding of mental health.", "journal": "Psychedelics.", "publication_date": "2025-05-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.61373/pp025k.0011", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.61373/pp025k.0011", "keywords": "Psychoanalysis, Psychology, Cognitive science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410121503\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410121503\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035185964\",\"display_name\":\"Michael A. Wheeler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-6384\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404675698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.61373/pp025k.0011\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Genomics,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410121503" }, { "id": 3088, "title": "Psilocybin Mitigates Behavioral Despair and Cognitive Impairment in Treatment-resistant Depression Model using Wistar Kyoto Rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin mitigates behavioral despair and cognitive impairment in treatment resistant depression model using wistar kyoto rats", "authors": "Wang Z, Robbins B, Zhuang R, Bruggen Rv, Sandini T, Li X, Zhang Y.", "abstract": "Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability that affects over 300 million people globally. Despite multiple antidepressant trials, approximately one-third of MDD patients remain symptomatic, progressing to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This persistence possibly is due to the multifaceted etiology of TRD, encompassing biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Chronic stress, prevalent in modern life, significantly contributes to mental health disorders and complicates TRD treatment. This study investigated psilocybin as a potential TRD treatment using a diathesis-stress animal model. Twenty-two male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into control and stress groups, with the stress group further subdivided to receive either sham treatment or psilocybin as early intervention. Behavioral assessments demonstrated a significant and sustained beneficial effect of psilocybin on behavioral despair and cognitive impairment. Biochemical analyses revealed psilocybin-induced increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels without significant changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The ability of psilocybin to counter stress-induced TSH reductions suggested that TSH may serve as a proxy marker of therapeutic response, although its causal role in mood regulation remains unclear. Additionally, following psilocybin administration, changes in cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1R) suggest a potential modulation of psilocybin intervention on the component of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), though causal links remain unconfirmed without antagonist studies. These findings highlight the potential of psilocybin to treat TRD through the targeting of previously unexplored biological pathways.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2025-05-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-5493661/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5493661/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1015165\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4379, "title": "FRI-407 Adding the serotonergic agonist psilocybin to semaglutide as a novel combination therapy to cure MASLD", "normalized_title": "fri 407 adding the serotonergic agonist psilocybin to semaglutide as a novel combination therapy to cure masld", "authors": "Martina Colognesi, Daniela Gabbia, Anna Signor, Stefano Comai, Andrea Mattarei, Gianfranco Pasut, Lucia Centofanti, Stefano La Rosa, Giovanna Finzi, Franco Folli, M. Pappagallo, Paolo L. Manfredi, Sara De Martin", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Hepatology", "publication_date": "2025-04-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/s0168-8278(25)01632-0", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(25)01632-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Semaglutide, Serotonergic, Agonist, Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Endocrinology, Serotonin, Type 2 diabetes, Liraglutide, Receptor, Diabetes mellitus, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410163501\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410163501\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060460268\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Colognesi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-7851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017874146\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Gabbia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-8227\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Anna Signor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018646315\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Comai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7194\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065244580\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Mattarei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-0749\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036102891\",\"display_name\":\"Gianfranco Pasut\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0899\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090332139\",\"display_name\":\"Lucia Centofanti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1301-9390\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030128430\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano La Rosa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-2403\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079058220\",\"display_name\":\"Giovanna Finzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-8835\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053802958\",\"display_name\":\"Franco Folli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-5222\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016785133\",\"display_name\":\"M. Pappagallo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-5602\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004302186\",\"display_name\":\"Paolo L. Manfredi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-9450\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059921142\",\"display_name\":\"Sara De Martin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-8237\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S83651209\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Hepatology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(25)01632-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410163501" }, { "id": 4377, "title": "Clinical treatment of cluster headache with the serotonergic indoleamine psychedelics psilocybin and LSD and with ketamine: A case series", "normalized_title": "clinical treatment of cluster headache with the serotonergic indoleamine psychedelics psilocybin and lsd and with ketamine a case series", "authors": "Jonathan A. Leighton, Carmen Lau, Aisha Savdo, L Granata", "abstract": "Background Cluster headache is an excruciating condition for which standard treatments are usually insufficient. Evidence has accumulated that serotonergic psychedelic indoleamines including psilocybin and LSD can be effective in preventing attacks. Methods In this case series, nine patients with episodic and chronic cluster headache that didn’t respond to conventional treatments were treated at a clinic with psilocybin or LSD, under compassionate use provisions, and in most cases separately with ketamine. Results All patients responded positively to at least one of the treatments, and eight of nine responded positively to the treatment with the psychedelic indoleamines, in several cases with extended periods free of attacks. Conclusion These clinical data, though of an exploratory nature, add to the existing pool of evidence for the usefulness of these substances for treating cluster headache, and further support the lowering of legal and regulatory barriers to medical access to the psychedelic indoleamines.", "journal": "Cephalalgia Reports", "publication_date": "2025-04-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/25158163251345472", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/25158163251345472", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Ketamine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Cluster headache, Psychology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Migraine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410841592\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4410841592\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2031157475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2339292133\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221118870\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387258654\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391036082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393489617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404012147\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405475951\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109973133\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan A. Leighton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-5891\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Carmen Lau\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6155-3057\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117736911\",\"display_name\":\"Aisha Savdo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108243155\",\"display_name\":\"L Granata\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3238-390X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210193149\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cephalalgia Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/25158163251345472\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410841592" }, { "id": 4382, "title": "The benefits and harm of psychedelics in the treatment of patients with mental health and substance abuse disorders: an integrative literature review", "normalized_title": "the benefits and harm of psychedelics in the treatment of patients with mental health and substance abuse disorders an integrative literature review", "authors": "Saara Susan Sevander, Marja-Liisa Rissanen", "abstract": "The purpose of the study was to describe the benefits and harm of using psychedelics in the treatment of patients with mental health and substance abuse disorders. The study focused on classic psychedelics, specifically psilocybin and LSD. The study was carried out as an integrative literature review and the data was sought using Medic, Cinahl, PubMed MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. A total of 12 scientific studies were selected for the literature review, and the data was analyzed using an inductive content analysis method. The results of the study indicated that psychedelics can be used to treat patients with mental health and substance abuse disorders very effectively. Key mental health disorders that can be treated include treatment-resistant depression, self-harm, anxiety disorder, and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder. LSD and psilocybin helped effectively and quickly. Psychedelics increase plasticity and cognitive flexibility in the brain. However, it should be remembered that there is also some harm with the use of psychedelics. The harm occurs specifically outside the clinical research environment, where the use of psychedelics is linked to crime, spontaneous recreational use, and the simultaneous use of other intoxicants together with psychedelics. Preliminary research results indicate that psychedelics help effectively, quickly and provide long-term treatment responses in patients with mental health and substance abuse disorders. Additional clinical trials will be needed. The selection of different patient groups and the size of treatment doses should also be tested. Regulatory barriers should be lifted to allow clinical testing of psychedelic-assisted therapies. From the perspective of the global economy, it would be important to treat mental health and substance abuse disorders effectively and with permanent treatment results.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-04-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.59476/hesdia.v0i1.700", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.59476/hesdia.v0i1.700", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mental health, Psychiatry, Psychology, CINAHL, Substance abuse, Harm, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Psychological intervention, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411419984\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411419984\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5118389539\",\"display_name\":\"Saara Susan Sevander\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063540199\",\"display_name\":\"Marja-Liisa Rissanen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-5389\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.59476/hesdia.v0i1.700\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411419984" }, { "id": 4386, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy shows range of benefits in cancer patients", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy shows range of benefits in cancer patients", "authors": "", "abstract": "Psychotherapy in combination with pharmacological treatments is often used to treat affective symptoms in patients with cancer. However, the effectiveness of the most commonly used medications is limited by the risk of adverse effects. Two ­placebo-controlled trials have found that patients with cancer-related psychiatric distress experienced rapid and sustained reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms following one session of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. A new analysis of data from the two studies examined the effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on a broader range of psychiatric symptoms. The trials employed a crossover design in which patients with cancer received high-dose psilocybin in one session and a control of niacin or low-dose psilocybin in the other. Investigators used the Brief Symptom Inventory to evaluate the effect of psilocybin-assisted therapy on nine psychiatric symptom dimensions: anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, obsession-compulsion, somatization, paranoia, phobia, and psychosis. Among the studies' 79 participants, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy significantly improved anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, obsession-compulsion, and somatization. Psilocybin-assisted therapy also did not induce lasting paranoia, phobia, or psychosis, with the study's authors writing that these findings add “further evidence that psilocybin can be safely administered following rigorous screening under close medical supervision.” The researchers attributed the multidimensional effects of psilocybin in part to its action on the serotonin 2A receptor. “While larger clinical trials will ultimately be needed to validate these findings, our study suggests that [psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy] has the potential to be a comprehensive mental health treatment for patients with cancer,” the authors wrote. [P. Petridis et al. Nature Mental Health (2024), https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-024-00331-0]", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2025-04-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/pu.31316", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31316", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Cancer, Cancer therapy, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409945764\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409945764\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.31316\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Cancer Patients,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409945764" }, { "id": 631, "title": "Dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises", "normalized_title": "dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises", "authors": "Rebecca Harding, Neomi Singer, Matthew B. Wall, Talma Hendler, David Erritzøe, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris, Leor Roseman", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy (PT) is emerging as an effective intervention for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), offering comparable efficacy to conventional treatments like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Music, an emotionally evocative stimulus, provides a valuable tool to explore changes in hedonic and predictive processing mechanisms via expectancy violations, or 'surprises'. This study sought to compare behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to musical surprises in MDD patients treated with either PT or the SSRI, escitalopram. In this secondary analysis of a trial, 41 MDD patients (with usable fMRI data) were randomly assigned to either PT (n = 22) or escitalopram (n = 19) treatment groups. Participants listened to music during fMRI and tracked their emotional experience, both before and after a 6-week intervention. Surprise-related valence and arousal indices were calculated. Musical surprises were entered as regressors for whole-brain and region of interest fMRI analyses. PT caused a greater decrease in anhedonia scores compared with escitalopram. While escitalopram led to reductions in surprise-related affective responses, PT showed no significant change. Escitalopram was associated with increased activation in memory and emotional processing areas during musical surprises (versus control events) when compared with PT. Following PT, there was decreased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus, and greater activation in sensory regions. PT may allow for the subjective response to musical surprises to be maintained through a lasting reduction in the salience of prediction errors, or, alternatively, by increasing hedonic priors. Contrastingly, escitalopram may diminish hedonic priors, highlighting fundamental differences in treatment mechanisms.", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-04-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03035-8", "pubmed_id": "40281226", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03035-8", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Major depressive disorder, Audiology, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Cognitive psychology, Amygdala, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409788022\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409788022\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W835957587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1710428390\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972659678\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975398216\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977628053\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988603612\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991754315\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994477474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998274826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016526030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028969637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033034887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038509004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051697612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056835885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068715462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074895886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085281696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097456989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097820550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098294305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101540672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105771114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111621157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121938245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124270977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126819724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133852590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134248637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141317245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146282882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151422895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152287648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153777989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155959499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156809536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157376352\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161185297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164480306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169442707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2294151124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337964085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398774478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605144346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624535799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767772099\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791796165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796695613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801890140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897541226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921439445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924792926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949303212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969792281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981446641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981670329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993128957\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3030446149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084129590\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094026898\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3141277936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154128718\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220729694\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247883378\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290631853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290860874\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310295919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313251651\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353057135\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366748155\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367053025\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379284995\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390571425\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402975017\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110297305\",\"display_name\":\"Rebecca Harding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2701-6930\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009187908\",\"display_name\":\"Neomi Singer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-1605\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063798638\",\"display_name\":\"Talma Hendler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-4335\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03035-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409788022" }, { "id": 4389, "title": "Patterns of Internalizing Problems, Substance Use and Cognitive Flexibility Before and After Naturalistic Psilocybin Use: A Repeated Measures Latent Profile Analysis", "normalized_title": "patterns of internalizing problems substance use and cognitive flexibility before and after naturalistic psilocybin use a repeated measures latent profile analysis", "authors": "Jérémie Richard, Jeremy Scott, Sandeep M. Nayak, Nathan D. Sepeda, Matthew X. Lowe, Heather Jackson, Albert Garcia-Romeu", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction", "publication_date": "2025-04-23", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s11469-025-01489-z", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01489-z", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Health psychology, Psychology, Substance use, Cognitive flexibility, Hallucinogen, Flexibility (engineering), Cognition, Latent class model, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Public health, Medicine, Nursing, Mathematics, Statistics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409765928\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409765928\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1494270537\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967264302\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967599613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003037222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013438164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016371428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110608362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117919944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142912849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150778626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151556061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471117963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2599264051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773695754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791951997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795942031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2849064358\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883252198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903698441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926869282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944251535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971496197\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009608926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016957018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022796533\",\"https://openalex.org/W3032942076\",\"https://openalex.org/W3102547229\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110204117\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113742733\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210932781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220656556\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250135498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283801482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289745468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289841582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313201591\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317545575\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318561966\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366580975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376132878\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381469370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385559953\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386861633\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387007980\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391643149\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396733084\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396900907\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400139017\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400240498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400279567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400650322\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401075179\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401554225\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401710092\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402191865\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407265849\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408072192\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408112599\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408151066\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006203775\",\"display_name\":\"Jérémie Richard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-1353\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108234103\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Scott\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006089530\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew X. Lowe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6961-6802\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080424336\",\"display_name\":\"Heather Jackson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-9242\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S47841752\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01489-z\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409765928" }, { "id": 4390, "title": "Undergraduate Students' Perceptions and Understanding of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy", "normalized_title": "undergraduate students perceptions and understanding of psychedelic assisted therapy", "authors": "McClure, Taylor, Krzywicki, AJ, Nathan, Jude, Kane, Jackson", "abstract": "Psychedelics have shown significant therapeutic benefit for those struggling with their mental health (Luoma et al., 2020). Previous research has suggested that mental health practitioners hold favorable attitudes towards psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) but lack the proper knowledge to counsel clients on the subject (Kucsera et al., 2023). As PAT becomes more mainstream, it is important to understand the attitudes of those currently in or planning to enter the mental health field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate students’ attitudes toward PAT compared to more conventional mental health treatment modalities. This study also investigated the accuracy of students’ knowledge regarding PAT and the classic psychedelic, psilocybin. A total of 50 undergraduate students participated in this study. Participants were presented with four vignettes, which were counterbalanced to reduce order effects: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), PAT, and self-medication with psilocybin. Participants had to respond to a set of statements regarding their attitudes toward the treatment after each vignette. Then, they were asked to respond to statements assessing their knowledge of PAT. A one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of treatment type on students’ perceptions, such that attitudes were most favorable toward the CBT treatment, followed by SSRI, then PAT, and finally self-medication. All the differences were statistically significant (p", "journal": "Exhibit - A Showcase of Scholarship, Creativity and Preservation Provided by Xavier University Library (Xavier University)", "publication_date": "2025-04-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/curca/2025/schedule/48", "keywords": "Mental health, Psychology, Perception, Set (abstract data type), Cognition, Clinical psychology, Cognitive behaviour therapy, Cognitive therapy, Applied psychology, Psychiatry, Help-seeking, Health professionals, Subject (documents), Knowledge level, Repeated measures design, Psychotherapist, MEDLINE, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7112869573\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7112869573\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"McClure, Taylor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Krzywicki, AJ\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Nathan, Jude\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Kane, Jackson\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196719\",\"source_display_name\":\"Exhibit - A Showcase of Scholarship, Creativity and Preservation Provided by Xavier University Library (Xavier University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/curca/2025/schedule/48\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7112869573" }, { "id": 732, "title": "[Treatment with psychedelics: potential benefits in Parkinson's disease].", "normalized_title": "treatment with psychedelics potential benefits in parkinson s disease", "authors": "Louise Penzenstadler, Sandra Baudois, Alma Lingenberg, Sabina Catalano Chiuvé, Emilie Tomkova, Vanessa Fleury", "abstract": "Psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, modulate neuroplasticity and brain connectivity via 5-HT2A receptors. Their efficacy has been demonstrated in depression and anxiety, where they are particularly interesting because of their rapid and long-lasting effect. They could also be beneficial for addictions, post-traumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This article explores their therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease (PD), both symptomatically in PD depression, anxiety, and impulse control disorders, and in terms of neuroprotection. Psychedelics actually stimulate synaptogenesis, increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Although promising, these treatments require clinical trials to confirm their safety and efficacy in PD.", "journal": "PubMed", "publication_date": "2025-04-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.53738/revmed.2025.21.915.47180", "pubmed_id": "40275842", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40275842", "keywords": "Parkinson's disease, Medicine, Psychology, Disease, Environmental science, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409833807\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409833807\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054543118\",\"display_name\":\"Louise Penzenstadler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-0243\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117265470\",\"display_name\":\"Sandra Baudois\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117265471\",\"display_name\":\"Alma Lingenberg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073766814\",\"display_name\":\"Sabina Catalano Chiuvé\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-5827\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058313981\",\"display_name\":\"Emilie Tomkova\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009783577\",\"display_name\":\"Vanessa Fleury\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5744-6829\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306525036\",\"source_display_name\":\"PubMed\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40275842\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,OCD,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409833807" }, { "id": 626, "title": "5-HT2A receptors: Pharmacology and functional selectivity.", "normalized_title": "5 ht2a receptors pharmacology and functional selectivity", "authors": "Cummins BR, Billac GB, Nichols DE, Nichols CD.", "abstract": "Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors were one of the first serotonin receptors to be pharmacologically characterized. In mammals, they are expressed throughout the body in nearly every cell and tissue type, with the highest density in cortical layer V of the brain. They are involved in several aspects of normal physiological processes and behaviors and have been implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotics have targeted blockade of 5-HT2A receptors as part of their therapeutic mechanism. More recently, 5-HT2A receptors have come to prominence for their role as the primary target for psychedelic drugs, which activate this receptor subtype to produce their characteristic behavioral effects. 5-HT2A receptor agonists like psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide have each demonstrated long-lasting therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials for psychiatric disorders such as major depression and substance use disorders. There is a significant effort in both academia and industry to develop new agonists of 5-HT2A receptors with therapeutic efficacy. There are 3 primary scaffolds for agonists: tryptamines, ergolines, and phenylalkylamines, each engaging different subsets of amino acid residues in the receptor binding pocket. Differences can lead to differential responses between ligands for functionally selective outcomes. Here, we provide a historical perspective on 5-HT2A receptors, their key structural features and motifs involved in ligand-receptor interactions, and how these interactions can affect signaling pathways downstream of the receptor. Understanding how ligands interact with the 5-HT2A receptor will fundamentally inform future drug discovery to optimize therapeutics for a variety of disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelic drugs have demonstrated long-lasting therapeutic efficacy for several conditions in multiple clinical trials. Their target, serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, are GPCRs with complex pharmacology. Having knowledge of how ligands interact with 5-HT2A receptors in the orthosteric binding pocket at the structural level to induce specific signal transduction pathways will inform on efforts to design and develop functionally selective drugs to potentially treat a variety of diseases.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-04-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100059", "pubmed_id": "40418878", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100059", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40418878\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4391, "title": "Regulatory Challenges of Integrating Psychedelics into Mental Health Sector", "normalized_title": "regulatory challenges of integrating psychedelics into mental health sector", "authors": "Kerem Kemal Soylemez, Emma Marie de Boo, Joanne Lusher", "abstract": "Psychedelic substances have recently emerged as a promising method for treating mental health conditions, despite a history of stigmatization and restriction in use. The present review synthesizes existing literature on the therapeutic potential of psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA in addressing specific mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and addiction. On reviewing the existing literature, it became apparent that when administered in controlled settings with psychological support, psychedelics can induce profound psychological insights, leading to long-lasting and positive changes in mood, cognition, and behaviour. This review discusses the ethical, social, and regulatory challenges linked to using psychedelics within the mental health sector across different countries, and how these might influence societal beliefs towards their efficacy and use. Further research would be beneficial for eliciting a deeper understanding of the use of psychedelics in the field of mental health, leading to the development of standardized administration protocols and a thorough appreciation of societal implications and long-term outcomes. This review discusses the potential for psychedelics to revolutionize mental health treatment while underlining the urgent need for rigorous scientific inquiry on this topic and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2025-04-21", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives4020011", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4020011", "keywords": "Mental health, Psychology, Business, Psychotherapist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409667310\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409667310\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2011405831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040461057\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070130812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073594025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124984375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166536432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170572788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2265120056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606740107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793566445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903884088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944038128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971907675\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087074890\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092027192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107835125\",\"https://openalex.org/W3117921577\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123581198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133542189\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149986569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162909048\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200818806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216164364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210932781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212976254\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212983967\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225336626\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255091943\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283075222\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289745468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293426683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296613147\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301605941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307987398\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309244275\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311883477\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312058527\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318393298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4322757924\",\"https://openalex.org/W4360938230\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361248485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365141030\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383197511\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386119957\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386638044\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386686749\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387115576\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387264560\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388923655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390111852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391527378\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399650907\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400099913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400240498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402645543\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404743266\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405565174\",\"https://openalex.org/W4407357392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408235814\",\"https://openalex.org/W6693112648\",\"https://openalex.org/W6756842403\",\"https://openalex.org/W6850048315\",\"https://openalex.org/W6851374136\",\"https://openalex.org/W6858430635\",\"https://openalex.org/W6904024156\",\"https://openalex.org/W7000063110\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092566431\",\"display_name\":\"Kerem Kemal Soylemez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116553231\",\"display_name\":\"Emma Marie de Boo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013947619\",\"display_name\":\"Joanne Lusher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-0255\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives4020011\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409667310" }, { "id": 709, "title": "Psilocybin and ketamine affect novel neuropeptides gene expression in the rat hypothalamus", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and ketamine affect novel neuropeptides gene expression in the rat hypothalamus", "authors": "Artur Pałasz, Marta Pukowiec, Katarzyna Bogus, Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek, Łukasz Filipczyk, Kinga Mordecka-Chamera, John J. Worthington, Maria Sygidus, Adam Wojtas, Agnieszka Bysiek, Krystyna Gołembiowska", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Psychedelics are able to trigger highly intense and profound alterations in self-consciousness, perception, affective, and cognitive processes. Indeed, recent studies show that ketamine and psilocybin could be used as fast-acting antidepressants. However, the molecular and neurochemical mechanisms of these psychedelics and their actions at the level of diverse brain structures remains so far unclear. Hypothalamic neuropeptides are involved in a wide spectrum of neuronal activities being responsible for the central control of all fundamental autonomic functions. METHODS: The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to assess the gene expression of both classical and novel neuropeptides, including nesfatin-1, phoenixin (PNX), spexin (SPX), neuromedin U (NMU), neuropeptide S (NPS), and their known receptors in the hypothalamus of male Wistar-Han rats subjected to single injections of psilocybin (dose 2 or 10 mg/kg) and ketamine (dose10 mg/kg). Total mRNA was isolated from homogenized tissue and real-time PCR was used for estimation of related gene expression. RESULTS: It was found that a single administration of the higher dose of psilocybin increased the mRNA expression of most noncanonical neuropeptides examined in the study, with only the case of NMU there with a decrease in gene expression. Interestingly, psilocybin administration also increased mRNA expression of the serotonin receptors: 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B, but not 5HT-2C. In contrast, the effect of ketamine on the expression of neuropeptides was much more limited compared to psilocybin, only increasing transcripts of NUCB2, GPR173, and POMC were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest for the first time that selected psychedelics may enhance the signaling of 5-HT2A receptors or inhibit NMDA receptor activity, affecting neuropeptide signaling and serotonin transmission in the rat hypothalamus, which may contribute to a better understanding of psychedelic action in the brain.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-04-16", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251330783", "pubmed_id": "40243003", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251330783", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuropeptide, Neurochemical, Serotonin, Hypothalamus, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Biology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409567941\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409567941\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1891846574\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967117235\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980776054\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993254538\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995844603\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995981925\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999914606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005348933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010591185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011885273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016521818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017105746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050005079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052132767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066433847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080992988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094885706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116939383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126841876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128497690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160415307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164096103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167814096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2258423914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2281749991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2299277295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410812161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2531168951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746691417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773111675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789175114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793403693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886998343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889761695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909119546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955979325\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008785684\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110821178\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154588246\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158512805\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184710039\",\"https://openalex.org/W3189488959\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214937728\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229073012\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281941124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317698893\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320495426\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378782174\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388407376\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388574768\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388641010\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389042154\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389992534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391451404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393198452\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394694105\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006211966\",\"display_name\":\"Artur Pałasz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-1211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114564714\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Pukowiec\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019337660\",\"display_name\":\"Katarzyna Bogus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6445\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056100362\",\"display_name\":\"Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-7035\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089065962\",\"display_name\":\"Łukasz Filipczyk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-0715\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083603747\",\"display_name\":\"Kinga Mordecka-Chamera\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-7716\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019050839\",\"display_name\":\"John J. Worthington\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-5669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117202539\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Sygidus\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067587745\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Wojtas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-8396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022505011\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053954553\",\"display_name\":\"Krystyna Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-1394\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251330783\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409567941" }, { "id": 633, "title": "Regulatory Alignment of Psilocybin Clinical Trials in Major Depressive Disorder on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross-Sectional Analysis", "normalized_title": "regulatory alignment of psilocybin clinical trials in major depressive disorder on clinicaltrials gov a cross sectional analysis", "authors": "Damian Świeczkowski, Aleksander Kwaśny, Michał Pruc, Zuzanna Gaca, Łukasz Szarpak, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała", "abstract": "Regulatory compliance is crucial in the clinical development of psychedelic substances, including psilocybin. This study aimed to examine the alignment of clinical trial protocols for psilocybin in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with established regulatory requirements.A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords: \"Psilocybin\" and \"Psilocin\" to identify interventional studies with posted trial protocols. Only protocols for MDD and TRD were included. Data extraction focused on key regulatory aspects, including safety, functional unblinding, expectancy bias, and the distribution of investigational medical products.Eleven psilocybin trial protocols were identified, with four meeting the inclusion criteria. The most commonly studied psilocybin dose was 25 mg. Two trials were double-blind. Although the analyzed protocols superficially adhered to regulatory requirements, there were gaps in addressing potential drug interactions, the acute and chronic concurrent use of antidepressants, and prohibited medications. Certain aspects, such as functional unblinding or expectancy bias, did not share all pathways. Risk mitigation strategies were primarily based on external criteria. Patients with bipolar spectrum disorders or schizoaffective disorders were excluded.This study underscores the importance of conducting clinical trials on psychedelics in strict adherence to regulatory standards. Future research should focus on improving regulatory compliance and exploring the efficacy of psychedelics in broader patient populations.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-04-16", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1055/a-2529-7029", "pubmed_id": "40245934", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2529-7029", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Clinical trial, Expectancy theory, Major depressive disorder, Schizoaffective disorder, Medicine, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychiatry, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychosis, Cognition, Internal medicine, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409534321\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409534321\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1992059353\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2499216663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789034326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794420673\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031683123\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157866107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210932781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220708535\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225982601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291227674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293194637\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301605941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378549583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378640469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378783566\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382133350\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383197511\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386138110\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386765496\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388014221\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389397550\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389606379\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390484734\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390484761\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395034174\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399864483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402221705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402625697\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403502370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403667484\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037446509\",\"display_name\":\"Damian Świeczkowski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5648-4652\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113262565\",\"display_name\":\"Aleksander Kwaśny\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065893595\",\"display_name\":\"Michał Pruc\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-9732\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050968304\",\"display_name\":\"Zuzanna Gaca\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7200-0402\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022117993\",\"display_name\":\"Łukasz Szarpak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-5455\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070339940\",\"display_name\":\"Wiesław Jerzy Cubała\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-8454\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2529-7029\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409534321" }, { "id": 501, "title": "Psilocin alleviates acute itch in mice: possible involvement of 5-HT2A receptors and kynurenine pathway", "normalized_title": "psilocin alleviates acute itch in mice possible involvement of 5 ht2a receptors and kynurenine pathway", "authors": "Arya Afrooghe, Elham Ahmadi, Ali Lesani, Mahya Soleymani Mehranjani, Mohammad Elahi, Mohammadreza Babaei, Maryam Shayan, Hamed Shafaroodi, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Alireza Foroumadi, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour", "abstract": "", "journal": "Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-04-14", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1007/s00210-025-04152-5", "pubmed_id": "40232378", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04152-5", "keywords": "Kynurenine, Receptor, Kynurenine pathway, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, Pharmacology, Medicine, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Biology, Internal medicine, Biochemistry, Tryptophan, Amino acid, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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Afrooghe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-7042\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109596986\",\"display_name\":\"Elham Ahmadi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043314768\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Lesani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117150139\",\"display_name\":\"Mahya Soleymani Mehranjani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112949766\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad Elahi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083085778\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammadreza Babaei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-9718\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080943824\",\"display_name\":\"Maryam Shayan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-3436\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101455750\",\"display_name\":\"Hamed Shafaroodi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-674X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029077125\",\"display_name\":\"Razieh Mohammad Jafari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-0838\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066965145\",\"display_name\":\"Alireza Foroumadi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022448138\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad Amin Manavi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-9063\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034729928\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmad Reza Dehpour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-5565\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S159534381\",\"source_display_name\":\"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04152-5\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409445284" }, { "id": 3288, "title": "Assessing the potential cardiovascular risk of microdosing the psychedelic LSD in mice", "normalized_title": "assessing the potential cardiovascular risk of microdosing the psychedelic lsd in mice", "authors": "Effinger DP, Schalk SS, King JL, Strong JR, O’Connell CK, Calderon JR, McCorvy JD, Thompson SM.", "abstract": "Summary Microdosing, the prolonged ingestion of psychedelics at sub-hallucinogenic doses, has gained popularity for its perceived cognitive and emotional benefits. Psychedelics have high affinity for 5-HT2B receptors, which cause heart disease with strong chronic activation. We investigated the effects of microdosed psychedelics on cardiovascular health in mice using electrocardiography after chronically administering either serotonin as a positive control or lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at two sub-hallucinogenic doses. Serotonin produced significant ventricular thickening at 4- and 8-weeks. No significant changes were observed in vehicle or LSD groups. We determined the affinity and potency of LSD, psilocybin, and norfenfluramine at mouse and human 5-HT2B Rs and observed no significant differences. We calculated that levels of 5-HT2B activation by low-dose LSD were substantial, but short-lived, compared to the cardiotoxin d -fenfluramine. Together, these data provide no evidence of cardiovascular risk associated with prolonged administration of low-dose LSD in mice.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-04-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.04.08.647757", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.08.647757", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR1003831\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Emotional Processing,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 678, "title": "Exploring psilocybin's role in mental health and palliative medicine: a path to improved well-being.", "normalized_title": "exploring psilocybin s role in mental health and palliative medicine a path to improved well being", "authors": "Umbacia MA, Leon MX, Quintero JM, Castro LM, Paez V, Dodd S, Bustos RH.", "abstract": "IntroductionAlthough long known for their psychoactive effects, psychedelic drugs have only recently been investigated for medicinal use. Psilocybin has attracted the greatest interest with studies suggesting that it may be a useful agent in psychiatry and in palliative care.Areas coveredClinical trials that included psilocybin were searched in PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, demonstrating that adult psychiatry and palliative care are the medical fields that show the greatest interest in psilocybin treatment.Expert opinionPsilocybin is a powerful drug that needs to be used with caution but may benefit some patients, including when other options have failed. It is best evidenced in treatment resistant depression and in palliative care, where patients are usually treated in specialist care centers. It has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the 5HT2A receptor, and can show rapid onset of action. There are many questions regarding its use that remain to be clarified, including its efficacy for other indications and its role as adjunctive treatment in psychotherapy. The psychoactive, or psychedelic effects are well documented, but their clinical importance is disputed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-04-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/14728214.2025.2488786", "pubmed_id": "40178229", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14728214.2025.2488786", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Palliative Care, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Psychotherapy, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40178229\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4396, "title": "13. Safety, Feasibility, and Tolerability of Psilocybin in Older Adults With Amnestic MCI: Preliminary Data From a SV2a PET Imaging Study", "normalized_title": "13 safety feasibility and tolerability of psilocybin in older adults with amnestic mci preliminary data from a sv2a pet imaging study", "authors": "Danielle Bukovsky, Aron Amaev, Jianmeng Song, Edgardo Torres Carmona, S. Lauren Kyte, Fumihiko Ueno, Vincenzo De Luca, Christopher R. Bowie, Alastair J. Flint, Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Philip Gerretsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-04-08", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.250", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.250", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tolerability, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychology, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Adverse effect, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409280654\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409280654\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5117083140\",\"display_name\":\"Danielle Bukovsky\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081312231\",\"display_name\":\"Aron Amaev\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030191843\",\"display_name\":\"Jianmeng Song\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-8845\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110764509\",\"display_name\":\"Edgardo Torres Carmona\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079547878\",\"display_name\":\"S. Lauren Kyte\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026307364\",\"display_name\":\"Fumihiko Ueno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3463-5672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028939354\",\"display_name\":\"Vincenzo De Luca\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-3584\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007991853\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher R. Bowie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-8861\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010961636\",\"display_name\":\"Alastair J. Flint\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-0235\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078217449\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Ishrat Husain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-5750\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044840695\",\"display_name\":\"Ariel Graff-Guerrero\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-2171\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017059941\",\"display_name\":\"Philip Gerretsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-6814\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.250\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Older Adults,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409280654" }, { "id": 634, "title": "Psilocybin therapy for mood dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: an open-label pilot trial", "normalized_title": "psilocybin therapy for mood dysfunction in parkinson s disease an open label pilot trial", "authors": "Ellen Bradley, Kimberly Sakai, Gisele Fernandes-Osterhold, Balázs Szigeti, Connie Ludwig, Jill L. Ostrem, Caroline M. Tanner, Meredith Bock, Katiah Llerena, Patrick R. Finley, Aoife O’Donovan, José Rafael P. Zuzuárregui, Zachary Busby, Amber McKernan, Andrew Penn, Aliss C.C. Wang, Raymond C. Rosen, Joshua Woolley", "abstract": "Mood dysfunction is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD), a main predictor of functional decline, and difficult to treat-novel interventions are critically needed. Psilocybin shows early promise for treating depression and anxiety, but its potential in PD is unknown, as safety concerns have excluded people with neurodegenerative disease from previous trials. In this open-label pilot (NCT04932434), we examined the feasibility of psilocybin therapy among people with mild to moderate stage PD plus depression and/or anxiety. 12 participants (mean age 63.2 ± 8.2 years, 5 women) received psilocybin (one 10 mg followed by one 25 mg dose) with psychotherapy. There were no serious adverse events, no medical interventions required to manage effects of psilocybin, and no exacerbation of psychosis. Ten participants experienced treatment-emergent adverse events; the most frequent were anxiety, nausea, and increased blood pressure. We observed no worsening of PD symptomology measured by the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). On the contrary, non-motor (MDS-UPDRS Part I: -13.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001, Hedges' g = 3.0) and motor symptoms (Part II: -7.5 ± 0.9, p < 0.001, g = 1.2; Part III: -4.6 ± 1.3, p = 0.001; g = 0.3) as well as performance in select cognitive domains (Paired Associates Learning [-0.44 ± 0.14, p =.003, g = 0.4], Spatial Working Memory [-0.52 ± 0.17, p = 0.003, g = 0.7], and Probabilistic Reversal Learning [2.9 ± 0.9, p = 0.003, g = 1.3]) improved post-treatment, and improvements were sustained until the final safety assessment one month following drug exposure. Baseline Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores were 21.0 ± 8.7 and 17.0 ± 3.7, respectively. Both improved to a clinically meaningful degree post-treatment; these improvements persisted to the final assessment three months following drug exposure (MADRS: -9.3 ± 2.7, p =.001, g = 1.0; HAM-A: -3.8 ± 1.7; p = 0.031, g = 0.7). This study provides the first data on psilocybin's effects in any neurodegenerative disease. Results suggest that psilocybin therapy in PD warrants further investigation.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-04-08", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-025-02097-0", "pubmed_id": "40205013", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02097-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Adverse effect, Psychology, Anxiety, Mood, Parkinson's disease, Nausea, Psychiatry, Psychosis, Exacerbation, Depression (economics), Medicine, Internal medicine, Disease, Hallucinogen, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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Ostrem\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-9521\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080273687\",\"display_name\":\"Caroline M. Tanner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-5082\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074840299\",\"display_name\":\"Meredith Bock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-916X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063520767\",\"display_name\":\"Katiah Llerena\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-172X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026709893\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick R. Finley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-6441\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101509105\",\"display_name\":\"Aoife O’Donovan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-7217\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040469818\",\"display_name\":\"José Rafael P. Zuzuárregui\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-5275\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036026069\",\"display_name\":\"Zachary Busby\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099336938\",\"display_name\":\"Amber McKernan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053850619\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Penn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-7078\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104332490\",\"display_name\":\"Aliss C.C. Wang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111522839\",\"display_name\":\"Raymond C. Rosen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101826991\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua Woolley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-2093\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02097-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409286565" }, { "id": 4404, "title": "Harnessing neuroplasticity with psychoplastogens: the essential role of psychotherapy in psychedelic treatment optimization", "normalized_title": "harnessing neuroplasticity with psychoplastogens the essential role of psychotherapy in psychedelic treatment optimization", "authors": "Jennifer Jones", "abstract": "Psychiatric disorders are marked by habitual patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, and many mental health disorders are resistant to standard treatments (1)(2)(3)(4). For example, symptoms of major depressive disorder include ruminative negative thoughts, pervasive sadness, and lack of goaldirected behavior (5)(6)(7). Similarly, many anxiety and trauma-related disorders are characterized by recurrent, intrusive, fear-based thoughts and patterns of avoidant behaviors (8,9). In compulsive disorders, such as substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders, individuals repeatedly engage in maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns despite negative consequences (9). Even conditions as diverse as schizophrenia may show evidence of habitual thoughts in the form of recurrent hallucinations or delusions (10). These pervasive patterns across psychiatric disorders emphasize the role of ingrained neural habits, which perpetuate symptoms and hinder lasting recovery (2,11).In recent years, psychedelic therapies have emerged as promising potential treatments for a range of treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Despite efforts to classify psychedelics by subjective effects, chemical structure, or receptor targets, previous work suggests that these categories appear to have limited relevance to therapeutic applications, as diversely grouped psychedelics have shown promise in treating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addictions, and are consequently often defined simply by their ability to induce altered states of consciousness (20). Unlike traditional pharmacotherapies, which often require weeks or months of repeated sessions to produce measurable effects, psychedelics can induce rapid and long-lasting changes following only one or a few treatments (12,14,15,21). Despite their diverse molecular structures and receptor targets, psychedelics share key similarities: they generate rapid-onset therapeutic effects and produce clinical benefits that endure well beyond their metabolic clearance (22). These enduring effects suggest that neuroplasticity may serve as the unifying core mechanism underlying their therapeutic action (22). While much attention has focused on their profound and often ineffable psychoactive phenomenology, psychedelics' neurobiological mechanisms are equally germane.Recent research has characterized psychedelics as belonging to a newly defined class of smallmolecule pharmacotherapies called psychoplastogens (23). Derived from Greek roots for mind, plasticity and generation, psychoplastogens promote neuroplasticity within 24 to 72 hours of a single administration, a stark contrast to traditional pharmacotherapies, which may take weeks to yield similar effects (23). Neuroplasticity, commonly defined as the brain's ability to reorganize and create new neural connections, plays a vital role in adaptation, learning, and recovery (24,25). This capacity for change manifests at multiple levels of brain organization, including alterations in connectivity between brain regions, cellular modifications, and molecular adaptations that ultimately drive behavioral level changes (26).Human neuroimaging studies offer compelling evidence of psychedelics' impact on neuroplasticity, with multiple reviews detailing the significant changes in brain network connectivity after their administration (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). For example, increases in global brain connectivity and decreased network modularity have been associated with treatment response to psilocybin and ketamine, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); these findings may correlate with enhanced cognitive flexibility (27,29,30,32,33). Further, response to both ketamine and psilocybin is associated with decreased connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) limbic nodes, correlating with reduction in habitual, self-referential thought patterns (28,30).At the cellular level, psychoplastogens induce changes such as increased dendrite length, spine density, synaptic number, and intrinsic excitability, typically within 24 to 72 hours of a single dose (23,(34)(35)(36)(37). However, different psychoplastogens may promote neuroplasticity through distinct effects. For instance, in preclinical models, ketamine increases the number of dendritic spines and enhances synaptogenesis, leading to increased synaptic density and strengthened connections between neurons, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (34). Similarly, positron emission tomography (PET) studies of ketamine have demonstrated increases in synaptic density in the human brain (38). Psilocybin, on the other hand, has been shown to robustly promote dendritic complexity, increasing the length and branching of dendritic spines, which enhances connectivity and communication with neighboring neurons (23).At the molecular level, psychoplastogens engage key signaling pathways that drive synaptic growth and neural reorganization (23). For example, ketamine acts through the NMDA receptor, leading to a surge in glutamate release, AMPA receptor activation, and subsequent stimulation of pathways such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mTOR, which support synaptogenesis and dendritic growth (22,(39)(40)(41). Similarly, MDMA modulates monoamine pathways, enhancing BDNF expression and synaptic plasticity (42,43). Classical psychedelics like psilocybin primarily act as agonists at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, triggering cascades that promote synaptic signaling, increase dendritic complexity, and elevate neuroplasticity-related proteins (44). However, the implications of differing neuroplasticity effects on therapeutic efficacy are unknown.On a behavioral level, studies have demonstrated that psychoplastogen administration can lead to significant changes in social learning, fear extinction, and adaptive behavior. For example, a Nature study found that diverse psychoplastogens enhance social learning by promoting neural plasticity in relevant brain circuits, while research on MDMA therapy has demonstrated its capacity to facilitate fear extinction learning (20,45). Additionally, psychoplastogens have shown to reduce avoidance behaviors and promote behavioral activation (46). These behavioral changes align with observed neurobiological shifts, highlighting how psychoplastogens may translate molecular and cellular changes into meaningful clinical outcomes.At face value, the ability of these compounds to catalyze neuroplasticity seems wholly beneficial. However, while neuroplasticity can allow the brain to appropriately adapt in the context of life experiences, it can also lead to maladaptive outcomes. Children with neglectful or abusive parents often develop maladaptive social tendencies, leading to difficulties in forming healthy relationships, increased vulnerability to anxiety or depression, and patterns of avoidant or aggressive behavior (47). This phenomenon, known as maladaptive plasticity, is also present in the reinforcement of harmful neural patterns, including those driving depression, addiction, anxiety, and PTSD (48)(49)(50)(51)(52).This has important implications for psychedelic treatment design. For example, consider a hypothetical case of a combat veteran with PTSD who undergoes an unstructured psychedelic session. During the experience, the patient vividly re-experiences a traumatic memory but lacks the therapeutic support to process it effectively. Without proper integration, the session may inadvertently reinforce the brain's fear circuits, leading to heightened hypervigilance and emotional reactivity. Instead of alleviating symptoms, the session could exacerbate the maladaptive patterns and further diminish adaptive regulation of fear responses.This risk of maladaptive plasticity is not unique to PTSD. In substance use disorders, drug misuse strengthens reward pathways (51). As these circuits adapt, individuals experience heightened cravings and diminished sensitivity to natural rewards, perpetuating the addictive cycle (51). Over time, this plasticity can lead to compulsive behavior patterns that are resistant to change, even in the face of severe consequences (53,54). Maladaptive plasticity also plays a role in chronic pain, where the brain continues to perceive pain signals even after the initial injury has healed, leading to a cycle of fear and avoidance behaviors (55)(56)(57). Consequently, neuroplasticity can be conceptualized as a double-edged sword. While it enables growth, learning, and recovery, it also underscores the importance of structured interventions to ensure that changes are beneficial.Given that neuroplasticity can lead to either adaptive or maladaptive changes, how can clinicians selectively guide these effects toward positive outcomes? Neurorehabilitation models provide a constructive example of how neuroplasticity can be harnessed to selectively improve functioning and effect desired clinical outcomes. For example, after a stroke, spontaneous neuroplastic changes may occur, but are often insufficient for full recovery of lost functions (58,59). Through targeted rehabilitation, therapy aims to retrain and reorganize the brain's neural pathways to regain these abilities (26,60). Physical therapy, for instance, focuses on repetitive movement to stimulate neuroplastic changes in the motor cortex, gradually rebuilding strength (60,61). Speech therapy helps patients regain communication skills by stimulating the brain's language centers (62). Occupational therapy focuses on adaptive functional recover of daily fine motor tasks, while cognitive therapy targets memory and attention deficits (63,64). Without such synergistic and targeted therapeutic interventions, neuroplasticity may lead to maladaptive outcomes, such as learned nonuse of the affected limb or inefficient compensatory strategies (65). Structured, goal-directed therapy provides the necessary guidance to optimally channel neuroplastic changes.Both historical and contemporary clinical literature underscore the role of psychotherapy in maximizing the therapeutic potential of neuroplasticity (66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71). Pioneering work on psychedelic therapies emphasized the necessity of structured therapeutic frameworks to translate the experiential insights of psychedelics into lasting behavioral change (69,70). Such work has highlighted how psychotherapy not only supported safety and integration but also actively guided individuals toward adaptive change (72)(73)(74).Psychoplastogen-assisted psychotherapeutic methods have differed across studies. For ethical conduct of research, a minimum standard includes basic preparatory psychoeducation about the nature of the psychoactive experience (75). However, a majority of psychedelic trials include additional preparatory therapeutic support, offering guidance on navigating non-ordinary states of consciousness, especially during intense or challenging emotions (13). Preparatory sessions are subsequently followed by one or more medication sessions, which includes at a minimum, supervision for safety if not psychological support or psychotherapy (13).Post-medication therapy sessions, when included, often differ across clinical trials (13,67,76,77). For instance, a few ketamine-assisted psychotherapy trials have utilized specific manualized psychotherapy platforms (e.g. motivational enhancement therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy) (78)(79)(80)(81)(82). Additionally, many of the treatment-based psychoplastogen clinical trials include post-medication integratory psychotherapy sessions (13). These sessions are generally multimodal, drawing from a wide variety of therapeutic lineages, akin to the multimodal style commonly reported by practicing clinical therapists (13,83), with the goal of translating psychological insights into positive actionable changes in daily life (84). For instance, the psychodynamic approach to therapy might be deliberately utilized to uncover unconscious patterns, emotions, and conflicts rooted in past experiences, this technique may be flexibly employed to help patients explore and process unconscious material and insights that emerges during the psychedelic experience (85)(86)(87). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques may be used to help individuals identify and restructure negative thought patterns discovered during sessions (88)(89)(90). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) techniques can encourage patients to develop greater psychological flexibility, accept difficult emotions, and commit to meaningful action aligned with their values (90)(91)(92). Elements of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) may be integrated to help patients strengthen their intrinsic motivation for change and align their insights with concrete behavioral goals (93). Behavioral activation therapy techniques, may be utilized to encourage patients to engage in positive, rewarding activities that align with their values, while mindfulness practices may be employed to enhance self-awareness and emotional acceptance (94,95).Building on established psychotherapy techniques, psychedelic-assisted therapies offer a novel and promising approach to mental health treatment by harnessing the power of neuroplasticity. By opening up a \"window of opportunity\" for change, psychoplastogen-assisted therapy can help individuals deliberately break free from entrenched patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, allowing a path forward towards enduring healing and growth. This process is reminiscent of critical periods in early development, where the brain is particularly sensitive to learning and environmental influences.However, neuroplasticity is not inherently beneficial and requires careful therapeutic guidance to avoid maladaptive outcomes. Just as targeted, multimodal therapies are necessary to guide neuroplastic changes toward recovery following a stroke, psychotherapy is essential to direct psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity toward positive outcomes. Integrated psychotherapeutic approaches create a framework to translate the insights gained during psychedelic experiences into tangible behavioral and cognitive changes. Without therapeutic support however, the neuroplastic changes induced by psychedelics may be maladaptive, or not be properly consolidated, potentially limiting the durability and efficacy of treatment (Figure 1).As psychoplastogen treatments increasingly expand into clinical practice, personalized therapy approaches will likely be tailored to an individual's unique clinical profile, such as incorporating motivational enhancement techniques for individuals with substance use disorders, leveraging cognitive-behavioral strategies or behavioral activation techniques to target major depressive disorder, or intentionally using somatic techniques to target dissociative tendencies. Consequently, therapist training and competency assessments may prove a better regulatory focus than rigid therapeutic protocols. Ultimately however, while psychedelics may open a window to neuroplastic change, it is the guiding hand of psychotherapy that will ensure the path chosen leads to positive mental health transformation.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-04-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1565852", "pubmed_id": "40264517", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1565852", "keywords": "Psychotherapist, Neuroplasticity, Psychology, Integrative psychotherapy, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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term antidepressive effects", "authors": "", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, has therapeutic potential for psychiatric disorders. A specific brain circuit and receptor have now been found to be required for psilocybin’s long-term effects on neural plasticity and depression-related behaviour. The psychedelic psilocybin’s beneficial behavioural action depends on the activation of pyramidal-tract neurons in the frontal cortex.", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "2025-04-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/d41586-025-00979-3", "pubmed_id": "40175746", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-00979-3", "keywords": "Term (time), Neuroscience, Geology, Environmental science, Psychology, Physics, Astronomy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409087880\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409087880\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404469548\"],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137773608\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-00979-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409087880" }, { "id": 679, "title": "Psilocybin’s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors", "normalized_title": "psilocybin s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5 ht2a receptors", "authors": "Ling-Xiao Shao, Clara Liao, Pasha A. Davoudian, Neil K. Savalia, Quan Jiang, Cassandra Wojtasiewicz, Diran Tan, Jack D. Nothnagel, Rongjian Liu, Samuel C. Woodburn, Olesia M. Bilash, Hail Kim, Alicia Che, Alex C. Kwan", "abstract": "", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "2025-04-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-08813-6", "pubmed_id": "40175553", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08813-6", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Pyramidal cell, Hallucinogen, Serotonergic, Dendritic spine, Receptor, Biology, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Hippocampus, Hippocampal formation, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":70,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1554715089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966403223\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976472985\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976485053\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990652280\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991762922\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997649998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023013885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032996762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046033738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051921786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063572710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081432059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098997175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111990860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121071682\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127810309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131938193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157504436\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166359858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171332611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2259444337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2467288641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2527794060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586123043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595012769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751166226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767493192\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793531311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793922811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804230025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891291514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898002359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901753855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950205567\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955904558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991212305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999679415\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007531339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012497283\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021105102\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038591947\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3098500959\",\"https://openalex.org/W3104213443\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118909089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138257762\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159995594\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162218953\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164900028\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202866474\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204361140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224281833\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317802101\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362596352\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382542461\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113811423\",\"display_name\":\"Ling-Xiao Shao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038330684\",\"display_name\":\"Clara Liao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-8202\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066262562\",\"display_name\":\"Pasha A. 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Bilash\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8157-3139\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004697914\",\"display_name\":\"Hail Kim\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-1349\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039339381\",\"display_name\":\"Alicia Che\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-8531\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014605321\",\"display_name\":\"Alex C. Kwan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-1667\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137773608\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08813-6\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409147414" }, { "id": 4412, "title": "Psilocybin Has No Analgesic Properties in Multiple Mouse Models of Acute and Chronic Pain", "normalized_title": "psilocybin has no analgesic properties in multiple mouse models of acute and chronic pain", "authors": "Nicholas Gregory, Tyler E. Girard, Akila Ram, Austen B. Casey, Robert C. Malenka, Vivianne L. Tawfik, Boris D. Heifets", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pain", "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpain.2025.104862", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2025.104862", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Analgesic, Chronic pain, Acute pain, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Anesthesia, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409867324\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4409867324\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089125420\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas Gregory\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-6504\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Tyler E. Girard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044495510\",\"display_name\":\"Akila Ram\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1511-3983\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066754065\",\"display_name\":\"Austen B. Casey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-851X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041585906\",\"display_name\":\"Robert C. Malenka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-5211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087001955\",\"display_name\":\"Vivianne L. Tawfik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-2014\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070799330\",\"display_name\":\"Boris D. Heifets\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-0379\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S194302669\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2025.104862\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409867324" }, { "id": 747, "title": "Psilocybin has a narrow therapeutic window as an antidepressant treatment", "normalized_title": "psilocybin has a narrow therapeutic window as an antidepressant treatment", "authors": "Lenka Seillier, Barbora Čechová, Alexandre Seillier, Romana Šlamberová", "abstract": "", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111368", "pubmed_id": "40246053", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111368", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Therapeutic window, Antidepressant, Window (computing), Psychotherapist, Psychology, Window of opportunity, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Computer science, World Wide Web, Anxiety, Real-time computing, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": 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Seillier\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042034195\",\"display_name\":\"Barbora Čechová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002414770\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandre Seillier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-2561\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081286729\",\"display_name\":\"Romana Šlamberová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-3911\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111368\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409449430" }, { "id": 3421, "title": "Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations in serotonergic psychedelics and lewy body diseases", "authors": "", "abstract": "Background and Hypothesis Visual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and serotonergic psychedelics (SPs; e.g., psilocybin and mescaline). While these classes of VH differ in etiology, shared pathways are suggested by overlapping phenomenology and neural mechanisms. This review explores similarities and differences in VH between LBDs and SPs, focusing on phenomenology, cortical function, and serotonergic modulation. Study Design This narrative review synthesizes findings from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and systems neuroscience to compare VH in LBDs and SPs. The literature includes studies with both human subjects and animal models that examine cortical activity patterns, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and VH phenomenology. Study Results Both LBDs and SPs exhibit distinct visual aberrations, ranging from minor metamorphopsias to complex hallucinations. Specific classes of VH in LBDs resemble those induced by SPs (e.g., illusory motion and entity encounters), suggesting shared neural mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies indicate a common pattern of hyperactive associative cortex and hypoactive sensory cortex. At the neuromodulator level, SP-induced VH involves serotonin 2A and 1A receptor (5-HT₂AR and 5-HT₁AR) modulation, while in LBDs, 5-HT₂AR upregulation correlates with increased VH, and its inhibition (e.g., with pimavanserin) reduces VH. Two shared cortical signatures are highlighted: reduced visual evoked responses and shifts toward visual excitation. Conclusions Examining cortical and neuromodulatory similarities between LBD- and SP-induced VH may elucidate the link between visual degradation, excitation, and hallucinogenesis. Future research should employ real-time neuroimaging of discrete hallucinatory episodes to identify shared mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for LBD hallucinations.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2025-03-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/schbul/sbaf068", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/7x8q4_v2", "keywords": "Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance, Hallucinogenesis, Phenomenology, Sensory Deprivation, Serotonin Receptors, Visual Hierarchy, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Systems Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:24", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"7x8q4_v2\",\"version\":2,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3321, "title": "Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations in serotonergic psychedelics and lewy body diseases", "authors": "Heller NH, Barrett FS, Buchborn T, Collerton D, Dupuis D, Halberstadt AL, Jardri R, Noorani TN, Preller KH, Taylor J, Waters F, Winston B, Leptourgos P.", "abstract": "Background and HypothesisVisual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and serotonergic psychedelics (SPs; e.g., psilocybin and mescaline). While these classes of VH differ in etiology, shared pathways are suggested by overlapping phenomenology and neural mechanisms. This review explores similarities and differences in VH between LBDs and SPs, focusing on phenomenology, cortical function, and serotonergic modulation.Study DesignThis narrative review synthesizes findings from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and systems neuroscience to compare VH in LBDs and SPs. The literature includes studies with both human subjects and animal models that examine cortical activity patterns, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and VH phenomenology.Study ResultsBoth LBDs and SPs exhibit distinct visual aberrations, ranging from minor metamorphopsias to complex hallucinations. Specific classes of VH in LBDs resemble those induced by SPs (e.g., illusory motion and entity encounters), suggesting shared neural mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies indicate a common pattern of hyperactive associative cortex and hypoactive sensory cortex. At the neuromodulator level, SP-induced VH involves serotonin 2A and 1A receptor (5-HT₂AR and 5-HT₁AR) modulation, while in LBDs, 5-HT₂AR upregulation correlates with increased VH, and its inhibition (e.g., with pimavanserin) reduces VH. Two shared cortical signatures are highlighted: reduced visual evoked responses and shifts toward visual excitation.ConclusionsExamining cortical and neuromodulatory similarities between LBD- and SP-induced VH may elucidate the link between visual degradation, excitation, and hallucinogenesis. Future research should employ real-time neuroimaging of discrete hallucinatory episodes to identify shared mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for LBD hallucinations.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2025-03-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/7x8q4_v2", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7x8q4_v2", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR996323\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 749, "title": "The effect of low-dose psilocybin on brain neurotransmission and rat behavior", "normalized_title": "the effect of low dose psilocybin on brain neurotransmission and rat behavior", "authors": "Agnieszka Bysiek, Adam Wojtas, Izabela Szpręgiel, Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargieła, Marzena Maćkowiak, Krystyna Gołembiowska", "abstract": "", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-03-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111347", "pubmed_id": "40157708", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111347", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neurotransmission, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:33", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408958491\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408958491\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W154356911\",\"https://openalex.org/W249845531\",\"https://openalex.org/W1727963951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1891846574\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964842931\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966051646\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986853673\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990888488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999914606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000490546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006900274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009956447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029214740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045843002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048294735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051758408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062472783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070477957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087310502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094391965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111990860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128497690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291443053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2303081189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342387220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529426545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2576763726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767267220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769608503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789541163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938807468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950263359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996702784\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007379062\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087672006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106135072\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110821178\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178121559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194922943\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207752026\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224301560\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283070601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313855425\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389992534\",\"https://openalex.org/W6810189721\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022505011\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067587745\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Wojtas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-8396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114287501\",\"display_name\":\"Izabela Szpręgiel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069011269\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargieła\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-8369\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061387141\",\"display_name\":\"Marzena Maćkowiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-9595\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053954553\",\"display_name\":\"Krystyna Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-1394\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111347\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408958491" }, { "id": 3586, "title": "Direct Comparison of Altered States of Consciousness Induced by LSD, Psilocybin, and DMT in a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over Trial in Healthy Participants (LPD-Study)", "normalized_title": "direct comparison of altered states of consciousness induced by lsd psilocybin and dmt in a randomized placebo controlled cross over trial in healthy participants lpd study", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "The primary objective of this study is to determine whether equivalent moderately high doses of LSD, psilocybin, and DMT produce qualitatively similar peak effects when the effect duration is standardized with ketanserin. A DMT infusion mimicking oral LSD and psilocybin administrations will be tested, as well as intravenously administered ketanserin. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are serotonergic hallucinogens (psychedelics) and currently investigated as therapeutic tools for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. They are usually administered in a dose range which induces an alteration of consciousness via the stimulation of the serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor. However, there are differences in the receptor activation profiles between the three substances that may induce different subjective effects. Moreover, they exhibit different pharmacokinetic qualities. In comparative studies of LSD and psilocybin blinding was impaired by the different duration of subjective effects. This study aims to ensure blinding by ending all experiences at the same time with the 5HT2A antagonist ketanserin. Moreover, no study has yet directly compared DMT to LSD and psilocybin. The DMT infusion will be modeled in accordance with the course of an oral LSD and psilocybin administration. Therefore, the LPD-study compares the acute and subacute effects of LSD, psilocybin, and DMT while standardizing the time course and the duration of action for all substances.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-03-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06899334", "keywords": "Healthy, LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Placebo, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06899334\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 768, "title": "Intravenous psilocybin induces dose-dependent changes in functional network organization in rat cortex", "normalized_title": "intravenous psilocybin induces dose dependent changes in functional network organization in rat cortex", "authors": "Brian H. Silverstein, Nicholas Kolbman, Amanda Nelson, Tiecheng Liu, Peter R. Guzzo, Jim Gilligan, UnCheol Lee, George A. Mashour, Giancarlo Vanini, Dinesh Pal", "abstract": "Psilocybin produces an altered state of consciousness in humans and is associated with complex spatiotemporal changes in cortical networks. Given the emphasis on rodent models for mechanistic studies, there is a need for characterization of the effect of psilocybin on cortex-wide network dynamics. Previous electroencephalographic studies of psychedelics in rodents have primarily used sparse electrode arrays with limited spatial resolution, precluding network level analysis, and have been restricted to lower gamma frequencies. Therefore, in this study, we used electroencephalographic recordings from 27 sites/electrodes across rat cortex (n = 6 male, 6 female) to characterize the effect of psilocybin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg delivered over an hour) on brain network organization as inferred through changes in node degree (an index of network density) and connection strength (via weighted phase-lag index). The removal of aperiodic component from the electroencephalogram localized the primary oscillatory changes to theta (4-10 Hz), medium gamma (70-110 Hz), and high gamma (110-150 Hz) bands, which were used for the network analysis. Additionally, we determined the concurrent changes in theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling. We report that psilocybin, in a dose-dependent manner, 1) disrupted theta-gamma coupling [p < 0.05], 2) increased frontal high gamma connectivity [p < 0.05] and posterior theta connectivity [p ≤ 0.049], and 3) increased frontal high gamma [p < 0.05] and posterior theta [p ≤ 0.046] network density. The behavioral activity and the medium gamma frontoparietal connectivity showed an inverted-U relationship with psilocybin dose. Our results suggest that high-frequency network organization, decoupled from local theta-phase, may be an important signature of psilocybin-induced non-ordinary state of consciousness.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2025-03-24", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-025-03308-4", "pubmed_id": "40128190", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03308-4", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Cortex (anatomy), Psychology, Cerebral cortex, Medicine, Pharmacology, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408783890\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408783890\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1719320297\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966641148\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978569191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992100527\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083179636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098746383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125948089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153227271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162013747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165730296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166073443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2210953598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2263126489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2530399318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594073024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617062304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2687814776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949577636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998840182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082552984\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110151578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128197953\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154128718\",\"https://openalex.org/W3169621848\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203708166\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200339573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200617838\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205765055\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206774577\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214570845\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287981303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308485018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319984222\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376274047\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385272503\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W6802161245\",\"https://openalex.org/W6871122592\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074189148\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074195594\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026938742\",\"display_name\":\"Brian H. Silverstein\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092570228\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas Kolbman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-8165\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107948219\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Nelson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5105465839\",\"display_name\":\"Tiecheng Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963260\",\"display_name\":\"Peter R. Guzzo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4773-8052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109633638\",\"display_name\":\"Jim Gilligan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033058195\",\"display_name\":\"UnCheol Lee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-0381\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080287940\",\"display_name\":\"George A. Mashour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5932\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082028137\",\"display_name\":\"Giancarlo Vanini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-8113\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062211145\",\"display_name\":\"Dinesh Pal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-5057\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03308-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408783890" }, { "id": 771, "title": "Anhedonia: Current and future treatments.", "normalized_title": "anhedonia current and future treatments", "authors": "Serretti A.", "abstract": "Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic domain that leads to poor disorder outcome and low remission rates. This narrative review describes a broad range of interventions targeting anhedonia, including pharmacological, neuromodulatory, behavioral, and lifestyle-based approaches. Drugs such as vortioxetine, agomelatine, bupropion, ketamine, and brexpiprazole show promising anti-anhedonic effects, while traditional antidepressants, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and, even more so, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are less effective. Neuromodulation techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, proved effective at improving anhedonia, particularly when used in targeted areas. Psychotherapeutic interventions, including behavioral activation, mindfulness-based strategies, and savoring techniques, also help re-engage patients with pleasurable activities and enhance positive affect. Innovative treatments, such as aticaprant and psilocybin, showed promising results. Substantial evidence suggests that improving anhedonia leads to better psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and sustained remission. Although most data come from short-term studies, several long-term analyses suggest that maintaining hedonic improvements is feasible and beneficial. The reviewed evidence underscores the importance of routine assessment of anhedonia and the integration of symptom-specific strategies. Tailoring interventions to address individual patterns of reward disruption may optimize outcomes for patients with anhedonia.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-03-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/pcn5.70088", "pubmed_id": "40129874", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70088", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40129874\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 770, "title": "LPS-Induced Liver Inflammation Is Inhibited by Psilocybin and Eugenol in Mice", "normalized_title": "lps induced liver inflammation is inhibited by psilocybin and eugenol in mice", "authors": "Gregory Ian Robinson, Marta Gerasymchuk, Timur Zanikov, Esmaeel Ghasemi Gojani, Shima Asghari, Alyssa Groves, Lucie Haselhorst, Sanjana Nandakumar, Cora Stahl, Ceejay Cruz, Mackenzie Cameron, Yeva Zahoruiko, Dongping Li, Rocio Rodriguez-Juarez, Alex Snelling, Darryl Hudson, Anna Fiselier, Olga Kovalchuk, Igor Kovalchuk", "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Liver inflammatory diseases are a major global health burden and are often exacerbated by inflammation driven by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through toll-like receptor 4 signaling. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effects of psilocybin and eugenol in an LPS-induced liver inflammation model in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Mice were treated with psilocybin (0.88 mg/kg) and/or eugenol (17.59 mg/kg) either before (pre-treatment) or after (post-treatment) LPS injection. Results: Psilocybin and eugenol, individually and in combination, significantly reduced the LPS-induced mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with post-treatment administration exhibiting stronger effects than pre-treatment. Psilocybin alone displayed the most pronounced anti-inflammatory response, especially for IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1, while its combination with eugenol in 1:50 ratio demonstrated similar results, with strongly reduced COX-2 and TNF-α. Histological analysis revealed improved nuclear circularity and reduced inflammatory infiltration in the treatment groups. Eugenol alone showed potential adverse effects, including increased MCP-1 and GM-CSF, but this was mitigated by the co-administration of psilocybin. Conclusions: These findings highlight psilocybin and its combination with eugenol as promising therapies for hepatic inflammation, suggesting their application in treating acute and chronic liver diseases. Future research should explore their long-term effects, the mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory actions, and their therapeutic efficacy in humans.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals", "publication_date": "2025-03-22", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/ph18040451", "pubmed_id": "40283890", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18040451", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Eugenol, Pharmacology, Inflammation, Medicine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Hallucinogen, Immunology, Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Plant-based Medicinal Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": 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Ian Robinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-2788\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025253146\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Gerasymchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-8086\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033350413\",\"display_name\":\"Timur Zanikov\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1321-7107\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063575688\",\"display_name\":\"Esmaeel Ghasemi Gojani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031621850\",\"display_name\":\"Shima Asghari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-3402\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057389293\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa Groves\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0482-4755\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057280753\",\"display_name\":\"Lucie Haselhorst\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075135524\",\"display_name\":\"Sanjana Nandakumar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-5521\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005046153\",\"display_name\":\"Cora Stahl\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Ceejay Cruz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059745101\",\"display_name\":\"Mackenzie Cameron\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1259-9659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092641253\",\"display_name\":\"Yeva Zahoruiko\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100779876\",\"display_name\":\"Dongping Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-9326\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069482413\",\"display_name\":\"Rocio Rodriguez-Juarez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116775861\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Snelling\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006199499\",\"display_name\":\"Darryl Hudson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8828-0435\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002192129\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Fiselier\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015793767\",\"display_name\":\"Olga Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-8111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042868572\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-6928\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S16322639\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmaceuticals\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18040451\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408792078" }, { "id": 777, "title": "The psychedelic psilocybin and light exposure have similar and synergistic effects on gene expression patterns in the visual cortex", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic psilocybin and light exposure have similar and synergistic effects on gene expression patterns in the visual cortex", "authors": "Ram Harari, Dmitriy Getselter, Evan Elliott", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound found in specific hallucinogenic mushrooms, is known to induce changes in visual perception and experience in humans. However, there is little knowledge of the molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin affects vision-associated regions in the brain, such as the visual cortex. The current study determined both psilocybin-induced and experience-dependent changes (exposure to light) in visual cortex gene expression in mice. Of great interest, psilocybin induced robust gene expression changes in the visual cortex that closely mirror light-induced gene expression changes, even when the mice are kept in the dark. These gene expression changes correspond to specific molecular pathways, including synaptic functioning, and represent genes expressed in specific subtypes of neurons. In addition, exposure to both psilocybin and light induced synergetic changes in genes involved in epigenetic programming. Overall, the study determined that psilocybin induces robust changes in gene expression in the visual cortex that may have functional consequences in visual perception both in the absence and in synergy with visual experience.", "journal": "Molecular Brain", "publication_date": "2025-03-17", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1186/s13041-025-01191-0", "pubmed_id": "40102929", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01191-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Visual cortex, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Gene expression, Psychology, Visual perception, P200, Biology, Perception, Gene, Genetics, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408574959\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408574959\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1608481794\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993676097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2293311540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800605171\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042473031\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127399862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281682505\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367723807\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381853005\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387047256\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064865259\",\"display_name\":\"Ram Harari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113073983\",\"display_name\":\"Dmitriy Getselter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027372594\",\"display_name\":\"Evan Elliott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-969X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S182046277\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Brain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01191-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408574959" }, { "id": 715, "title": "IUPHAR Article: Psilocybin induces long-lasting effects via 5-HT2A receptors in mouse models of chronic pain", "normalized_title": "iuphar article psilocybin induces long lasting effects via 5 ht2a receptors in mouse models of chronic pain", "authors": "Eda Köşeli, Belle Buzzi, Torin Honaker, Yogesh Rakholia, Melissa J. Lewis, Maya Gaines-Smith, Alaina M. Jaster, Javier González-Maeso, M. Imad Damaj", "abstract": "Chronic pain is a debilitating disease with current treatments lacking efficacy and safety, therefore discovery of new treatments is crucial. Initial studies suggest that psychedelics may be feasible for targeting pain, however clinical and preclinical controlled studies are necessary to further investigate that possibility. In this study we assessed the effects of two classical psychedelics psilocybin and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) in two models of chronic pain after systemic administration in male and female mice. Psilocybin and DOI dose-dependently reversed mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) mouse model with different time-course of action. Similarly, psilocybin and DOI dose-dependently reversed thermal hypersensitivity in the chronic inflammatory mouse model of Complete Freud’s Adjuvant (CFA). The effects of Psilocybin and DOI in both models were mediated by activation of 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2A R). Overall, the present study suggests that classical psychedelics psilocybin and DOI are effective in reducing pain-like behaviors via 5-HT2A R activation in two mouse models of chronic pain. • Classical psychedelics psilocybin and DOI dose-dependently reversed pain-like behaviors in two chronic pain mouse models. • In contrast to DOI, the effects of psilocybin in the two models of pain lasted for several days. • Both psilocybin and DOI are effective in reducing pain-like behaviors via 5-HT2AR mechanism.", "journal": "Pharmacological Research", "publication_date": "2025-03-16", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107699", "pubmed_id": "40107634", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107699", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Receptor, Pharmacology, Chronic pain, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408540649\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408540649\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1985993123\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986222973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923081322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081126678\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212990475\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214819177\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224861883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293282462\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365442769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387105778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389891609\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399729525\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042887851\",\"display_name\":\"Eda Köşeli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4812-4024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605633\",\"display_name\":\"Belle Buzzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-7377\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077348626\",\"display_name\":\"Torin Honaker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095378260\",\"display_name\":\"Yogesh Rakholia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021823042\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa J. Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-191X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116667308\",\"display_name\":\"Maya Gaines-Smith\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039127091\",\"display_name\":\"Alaina M. Jaster\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3237-394X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112311729\",\"display_name\":\"M. Imad Damaj\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S54485712\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacological Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107699\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408540649" }, { "id": 548, "title": "Lifetime classic psychedelic use and headaches: A cross-sectional study", "normalized_title": "lifetime classic psychedelic use and headaches a cross sectional study", "authors": "Zusanna Bjurenfalk, Alva Cosmo, Otto Simonsson, Caroline Ran", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Migraine and cluster headache are two primary headache disorders for which conventional treatments are limited. Classic psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are potentially promising new treatment candidates for these conditions. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible relationship between the lifetime use of classic psychedelics and frequent bad headaches in a large British cohort sample. METHODS: = 11,419) collected in 1999-2000 as part of the 1958 British National Child Development Study, this cross-sectional study used multiple logistic regression, controlling for a range of potential confounders, to test the hypothesis that lifetime use of classic psychedelics would be associated with lower odds of having frequent bad headaches. RESULTS: = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the literature suggesting classic psychedelics as a possible future prophylactic treatment option for primary headache disorders.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-03-11", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/02698811251324372", "pubmed_id": "40071875", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251324372", "keywords": "Headaches, Cross-sectional study, Odds ratio, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, Odds, Migraine, Logistic regression, Psychiatry, Medicine, Confounding, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Pathology, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Migraine and Headache Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408366447\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408366447\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1583446902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004916007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009661139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024038995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031343230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042850712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052074459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054808759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084476204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121872045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131715067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143780507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159039684\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335087029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473812009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751240458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751884637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762395603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794118706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801085490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921422891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942327536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951920868\",\"https://openalex.org/W3028773245\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033752244\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080413337\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092438109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113947881\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195535057\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220705225\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232777839\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313488167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386019370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386097326\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386413912\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386624716\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391036082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391448394\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393489617\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400449392\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116597885\",\"display_name\":\"Zusanna Bjurenfalk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6381-8362\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116597886\",\"display_name\":\"Alva Cosmo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070434156\",\"display_name\":\"Otto Simonsson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-7566\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049249300\",\"display_name\":\"Caroline Ran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-9871\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251324372\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408366447" }, { "id": 4430, "title": "PSYCHEDELIC PHARMACOLOGY IN PSYCHIATRY: THE MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PSILOCYBIN, MDMA, AND LSD IN MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS", "normalized_title": "psychedelic pharmacology in psychiatry the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of psilocybin mdma and lsd in mental health disorders", "authors": "Dr Hafiz Shafique Ahmad, Muhammad Waqar Ali, Usman Ul Haq", "abstract": "Psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD have recently emerged as popular psychedelic substances for use in psychopharmacology in managing various disorders including treatment-resistant depression, PTSD, and anxiety. These substances mainly affect the serotonergic receptors that involve the regulation of consciousness, perceptions, and cognition. These unique alterations in brain connectome show the influence of psilocybin and LSD on neuroplasticity and DMN, therefore supporting the sustained improvement in depressive symptoms and existential anxiety. MDMA, as compared to classical psychedelics, evokes positive changes in emotional processing and reduction of specific fear in PTSD patients. Scientific trials show that the problem can abate after several recurrences after a few sessions, unlike the cases of traditional antidepressants where constant use is necessary. However, there are some shortcomings, like legal regulation, ethical issues, and possible negative impacts, including temporary increased anxiety and cardiovascular issues. This paper aims to analyze the neurobiological effects and therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics along with their legal contexts in the context of modern psychiatry, stressing the importance of future research, policy changes, and a rational clinical prescription of psychedelics for their maximal beneficial impact on mental health.", "journal": "Journal of medical & health sciences review.", "publication_date": "2025-03-10", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.62019/r713mw08", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.62019/r713mw08", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Psychiatry, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408376371\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408376371\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Dr Hafiz Shafique Ahmad\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Waqar Ali\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116470053\",\"display_name\":\"Usman Ul Haq\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404661011\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of medical & health sciences review.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.62019/r713mw08\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408376371" }, { "id": 565, "title": "Current Evidence for the Role of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: A Perspective and Plan for Action.", "normalized_title": "current evidence for the role of rapid acting antidepressants in bipolar depression a perspective and plan for action", "authors": "Repple J, Bayas M, Möser C, Kobayashi NF, Reif A.", "abstract": "After decades of limited progress in depression treatment, recent advancements have sparked renewed interest in developing novel antidepressants, particularly rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs). Despite these promising developments, there remains a significant gap in research on bipolar depression. While several antipsychotics have been investigated for their efficacy in bipolar depression due to the reduced risk of mania induction, research on RAADs, such as (es)ketamine, remains scarce despite their demonstrated safety and effectiveness. In this review, we give an overview of current developments in RAADs in the context of bipolar disorder. Both published studies as well as phase II, III, and IV studies on bipolar depression (based on ClinicalTrials.gov) are reviewed in this work. The following RAAD substance classes have been or are currently being investigated as possible treatments for bipolar depression: NMDA antagonists and indirect AMPA agonists (ketamine, esketamine, riluzole, felbamate), GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A) activators or positive allosteric modulators (zuranolone, pregnenolone, PEA), psychedelics (psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT), muscarine receptor antagonists (scopolamine), and kappa opioid receptor antagonists (navacaprant). Other than the well-established efficacy and safety of (es)ketamine in treating bipolar depression, there has been little research effort in the treatment of bipolar depression. Recent research into RAADs demonstrates the growing field of novel mechanisms of action in the pharmacological treatment of bipolar depression. However, there is an urgent need for well-controlled clinical studies on RAADs in bipolar depression to expand treatment options and improve outcomes for millions of affected individuals worldwide.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-03-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.903", "pubmed_id": "40064389", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.903", "keywords": "Humans, Antidepressive Agents, Bipolar Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40064389\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4432, "title": "Psychedelics for Substance Use Disorders: Updates for the Psychiatric Trainee", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for substance use disorders updates for the psychiatric trainee", "authors": "Lauren Wilseck, Preet Chatha, Lawrence Canale, Dhvanit Raval, Jeremy Weleff", "abstract": "Psychedelics have recently gained attention as potential therapeutic agents for treating patients with substance use disorders, with studies showing promise of psychedelics for reducing substance use and cravings. Despite a limited number of well-controlled modern trials examining psilocybin treatment for alcohol or tobacco use disorder, the available evidence suggests that many serotonergic psychedelics may have benefits for managing various substance use disorders. In this narrative review, the authors aimed to critically evaluate the literature on the use of psychedelics for substance use disorders, including evidence for their efficacy, safety, and potential risks.", "journal": "American Journal of Psychiatry Residents Journal", "publication_date": "2025-03-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2025.200301", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2025.200301", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Substance use, Psychiatry, Psychology, Narrative review, Alcohol use disorder, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Alcohol, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408204973\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408204973\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020659752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111920357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2292804940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2308970470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2339011795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605994583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616187260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800419754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085472980\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224043710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773323\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315874306\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376223664\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402191865\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116541379\",\"display_name\":\"Lauren Wilseck\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092826505\",\"display_name\":\"Preet Chatha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002121203\",\"display_name\":\"Lawrence Canale\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092826504\",\"display_name\":\"Dhvanit Raval\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012793626\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Weleff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-7412\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210235207\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Psychiatry Residents Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2025.200301\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408204973" }, { "id": 3666, "title": "Acute Effects of 2C-B Compared With MDMA and Psilocybin in Healthy Subjects", "normalized_title": "acute effects of 2c b compared with mdma and psilocybin in healthy subjects", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychoactive substance with reportedly similar acute effects to both the prototypical empathogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) and the classic psychedelic substance psilocybin (contained in \"magic, hallucinogenic mushrooms\"). Pharmacologically, MDMA mainly releases serotonin (5-HT) via the serotonin transporter (SERT) and psilocybin mainly acts as direct agonist at 5-HT2A receptors. 2C-B interacts with both the 5-HT2A receptor and SERT which is in line with its reported mixed effects profile. However, scientific studies are lacking. There is an increased interest in psychiatric research on the therapeutic properties of MDMA and psilocybin and also on mixed empathogenic-psychedelic substances. 2C-B is a phenethylamine and belongs to the so-called 2C drugs, a group of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) with some structural similarity to the classic psychedelic mescaline. 2C-B is relatively widely used as recreational substance often replacing or mimicking classic substances such as LSD or MDMA. 2C-B also ranks high among the substances found as substitutes or adulterants of tablets sold as MDMA or Ecstasy. Users report that 2C-B has similar acute effects to MDMA when used at low (5-10 mg) and medium doses (10-25 mg) and more psychedelic effects when used at a high doses (25-40 mg). Additionally, in two open labeled studies the effects have been defined by the researchers as entactogenic (MDMA-like) with psychedelic/hallucinogenic properties when administering 20 mg and on the other hand as psychedelic-psychostimulant like when administering a mean dose of 16 mg (4 used 10 mg, 5 used 15 mg and 7 used 20 mg). Subjective effects peaked at 1-2h and lasted 5h. The 2C drugs act mainly as agonists on the 5-HT2A receptor very similar to classic psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin. Furthermore, 2C-B may interact with monoaminergic systems more similar to MDMA and may share some empathogenic or even stimulant-type actions. 2C-B also inhibits the SERT similar to MDMA, however, only at low potency in vitro. Thus, taken together, the pharmacology of 2C-B in vitro is somewhat inconclusive but would be consistent with both MDMA- and psychedelic-type actions in vivo in humans. Increases in blood pressure and heart rate are moderate and regarded as lower than those of MDMA. No severe cases were observed. The safety profile of 2C-B is considered to be similar to MDMA. Psilocybin is a classic serotonergic psychedelic. Psilocybin is a prodrug which is activated to psilocin within the body. The psychoactive action of psilocin primarily involves an interaction with the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Currently, psilocybin is the most investigated psychedelic substance among the classic psychedelics. In particular, there are high hopes of using psilocybin in patients with treatment resistant major depression and pharmaceutical companies are currently conducting phase III studies. MDMA is an amphetamine derivative which, unlike prototypical amphetamines, predominantly enhances serotonergic neurotransmission via release of 5-HT through the SERT and it less potently also releases dopamine and norepinephrine through the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), respectively. Furthermore, MDMA is known to trigger oxytocin release which may contribute to its effects to increase trust, prosociality, and enhanced empathy and is therefore referred to as an \"entactogen\" or \"empathogen\". Being granted as a \"breakthrough therapy\" by the FDA, MDMA is currently investigated in substance-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD. By using a placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over design the study will provide insight into the effects profiles of recreationally used psychoactive substances relevant for psychiatric research. Therefore the study will compare the acute subjective, physiological and endocrine effects of low (10 mg), medium (20 mg) and high (30 mg) doses of 2C-B with standard doses of MDMA (125 mg) and psilocybin (25 mg) in healthy subjects. Finally, the study will also allow to newly directly compare MDMA and psilocybin effects at representative doses and within the same subjects which will provide for a better characterization of these substances increasingly used in psychiatric research.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2025-03-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05523401", "keywords": "Healthy, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (10 mg), 2C-B, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (20 mg), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (30 mg), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, Psilocybin, Placebo, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05523401\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,In Vitro Study,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 787, "title": "Vermont Primary Care Provider Perspectives on Psychedelics - A Cross-Sectional Study", "normalized_title": "vermont primary care provider perspectives on psychedelics a cross sectional study", "authors": "Josephine Yalovitser, jonah levine, Cole Zweber, Lauren Tien, Mallory Stultz, Henry Mitchell, Elizabeth Cote, Charles D. MacLean", "abstract": "The medical utility of psychedelics has been the subject of significant scientific interest in recent years. While most of these substances remain Schedule I under the Controlled Substances Act, advancements in research have led states to consider expanding legal access, impacting primary care, where patients often seek mental health support and treatment. In July 2023 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 770 Vermont primary care providers (PCPs) about their familiarity and concerns with psychedelics, as well as opinions on access and therapeutic value (response rate 17%). Two-thirds of respondents reported familiarity with psychedelics being used therapeutically, but less than half were aware of current regulatory statuses of LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA. Ninety-six percent were neutral or agreed that psychedelics have high therapeutic potential. The highest concerns were effects on youth, potential for psychosis, and traffic safety. Eighty-three percent were not at all or only slightly concerned about the inherent dangers of psychedelics. Seventy-seven percent were interested in further education. Overall, PCPs in Vermont, a state considering changes in access to psilocybin, are familiar with psychedelics, and cautiously optimistic about their therapeutic role. As research develops, it is important to incorporate resultant changes in policy and medicine into PCP continuing education.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2025-03-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2025.2474246", "pubmed_id": "40045530", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2474246", "keywords": "Cross-sectional study, Primary care, Psychology, Medicine, Family medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408177956\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408177956\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2811304329\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012354707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134109999\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156704687\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158614341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166267936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171546624\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195045424\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197311089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210733143\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216164364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205701940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281556927\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293194637\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293866515\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311498973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327813391\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361263761\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382894922\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385661344\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W6791499179\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093276006\",\"display_name\":\"Josephine Yalovitser\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1701-6439\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108308944\",\"display_name\":\"jonah levine\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055618228\",\"display_name\":\"Cole Zweber\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8951-7987\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093276003\",\"display_name\":\"Lauren Tien\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093276004\",\"display_name\":\"Mallory Stultz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073251600\",\"display_name\":\"Henry Mitchell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046016621\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Cote\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066070859\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. MacLean\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6630-0899\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2025.2474246\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Adolescents,Safety", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408177956" }, { "id": 4433, "title": "Could psilocin rescue chronic, stress-accelerated, transcriptional aging in brain?", "normalized_title": "could psilocin rescue chronic stress accelerated transcriptional aging in brain", "authors": "Craig, Danny R, Blalock, Eric M.", "abstract": "Brain aging (BA) processes are complex, often affect multiple systems, and frequently lead to cognitive decline and increased susceptibility to insults. BA appears to be a primary risk for the development of many prominent neurodegenerative pathologies. The US Census Bureau predicts that the aging population (65+) will represent a greater proportion of the US population than children (under 18) by 2034, dramatically increasing the burden on health-care infrastructure.17 Several mechanisms of stress driven, aging-related neurologic dysfunction have been advanced in the past 50 years and include: Stress hormone exposure and glucocorticoid cascade;7, 16 calcium ion dyshomeostasis;8 allostatic load;10 and neuroinflammation.14 Taken together, these data suggest that many aspects of BA are accelerated, or even recapitulated, by stress. Here, the hippocampus (HIP) is an appropriate model structure based on its well-established role in cognition and memory, its manifestation of aging and stress-driven changes in gray (GM) and white matter (WM) transcriptional profiles, and its vulnerability to neurodegeneration; further, the HIP is a major target for stress hormones. It is well-recognized that stress’ influence on the limbic system is long-lasting. This may be due to its subcortical localization, evolutionarily conserved pathways, and potentially novel entrainment mechanism compared to the highly plastic neocortical memory processes ordinarily associated with cognition. Despite years of research clearly establishing a link between stress exposure and BA, no interventions targeting this interaction have been approved. We hypothesize that healthy BA and successful resilience to chronic stress would be indicated by improved hippocampal dependent, cognition, reduced stress-behavior, and reduced inflammatory transcriptional signatures; and not merely the persistence of youthful brain dynamics. Taken together, we refer to this constellation of beneficial responses in the aged and/or stressed subject as adaptive remodeling. Psilocin (PSI), the active metabolite of psilocybin, has agonist or partial agonist activity at serotonin [5-Hydroxtryptamine (5-HT)] receptors, including the G-protein coupled receptor subtypes: 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C; functional interactions with central dopaminergic systems have also been demonstrated.12 Despite PSI’s known role in 5-HT and dopaminergic signaling, other agents engaging with these systems do not appear to exert similar effects; moreover, it is not clear to what extent PSI engages other glial and neuronal monoaminergic (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) systems. PSI has shown strong benefits in human studies and has twice been designated by the FDA as breakthrough therapy; first in 2018 for treatment resistant depression, and again in 2019 for major depressive disorder. Despite substantial interest in the therapeutic potential of PSI, little is known about the mechanisms through which it exerts its effects. An exhaustive search on the Gene Expression Omnibus revealed a single study using transcriptional profiling in ‘brain’ in conjunction with ‘PSI’ treatment (Donovan et al., 2021; GSE172074). Our lab analyzed raw RNAseq data from this study and identified genes associated with myelin sheath, synapse, and neuron, among others, to be significantly down regulated (p < 0.001) one week after treatment in pig prefrontal cortex. We propose a multi-level study in balanced groups of young and aged, male and female, Fischer 344 rats to investigate PSI’s effects on stress-accelerated BA. In Aim 1, using an ex-vivo hippocampal slice preparation, we will study the acute effects of PSI treatment on HIP. This model will be used to establish PSI concentration-effect relationships, identify responding HIP cell-types using immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization, as well as to investigate, using RNA-seq, transcriptional profiles from laser capture microdissected hippocampal GM vs WM. Using this nonbiased approach to look at sub-region-specific profiles, will help establish a more complete account of PSI’s mechanism of action. In this prep, we will also measure PSI’s influence on basic electrophysiology properties like synaptic strength, conduction velocity and after-hyperpolarizing potential. PSI’s chronic effect on HIP-dependent cognitive behavior has also not been fully elucidated in prior studies. We will address this gap in Aim 2 of our study by using the Morris water maze test after 12-week chronic restraint [3hrs/day, 4days/week, using disposable DecapiCone restraint (or 3D printed ‘Restraint Device’ if approved)]. In human trials,1, 3, 5, 15 PSI has been used as an adjunct to guided psychotherapy (PT). To date, there are no recognized animal models of PT; though, enriched environments such as, social interaction, have been shown to be beneficial in animal models of neurodegenerative disease.9 We will attempt to mimic PT in our animal model with enriched group housing vs single housing. Regardless of whether results support our hypothesis, the significance of this project derives from its potential both for elucidating basic mechanisms of interactions between stress and BA, and for suggesting new therapeutic approaches to major health-related problems that widely affect the elderly. References Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, et al. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(7):619-627. Dalva MB, McClelland AC, Kayser MS. Cell adhesion molecules: signaling functions at the synapse (2007). Nat Rev Neurosci 8:206-220. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn20 75. Davis AK, Barrett FS, May DG, Cosimano MP, Sepeda ND, Johnson MW, Finan PH, Griffiths RR. Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 May 1;78(5):481-489. Donovan LL, Johansen JV, Ros NF, Jaberi E, Linnet K, Johansen SS, Ozenne B, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Hansen HD, & Knudsen GM. Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on behaviour, brain 5-HT2A receptor occupancy and gene expression in the pig. (2021). European neuropsychopharmacology: The journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 42, 1-11. Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(12):1181-1197. Hargis K, Buechel HM, Popovic J, Blalock EM: Acute psychosocial stress in mid-aged male rats causes hyperthermia, cognitive decline, and increased deep sleep power, but does not alter deep sleep duration. Neurobiol Aging 2018, 70:78-85. Landfield PW. An endocrine hypothesis of brain aging and studies on brain-endocrine correlations and monosynaptic neurophysiology during aging. Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. (1978). 113, 179-199.doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8893-7_11. Landfield PW, Pitler TA. Prolonged Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarizations in hippocampal neurons of aged rats. Science (New York, N.Y.) 226, 4678 (1984): 1089-92. Laviola G, Hannan AJ, Macrì S, Solinas M, & Jaber M. (2008). Effects of enriched environment on animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Neurobiology of Disease, 31, 159-168. McEwen BS, Stellar E. Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Intern Med. 1993 Sep 27;153(18):2093-101. PMID: 8379800. Nichols CD, Martin DA (2015). Serotonergic hallucinogens preferentially activate subsets of cortical neurons, interneurons, and glial cells in the mPFC, somato- sensory cortex, and claustrum, and induce rapid redistribution of 5-HT2A receptor protein in neurons ACNP 54th Annual meeting, Abstract T182. Passie T, Seifert J, Schneider U, Emrich H M. The pharmacology of psilocybin. Addict. Biol. 7, 357-364 (2002). Pourhamzeh M, Moravej FG, Arabi M, Shahriari E, Mehrabi S, Ward R, Ahadi R, Joghataei MT. The Roles of Serotonin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Mar 2. doi: 10.1007/s10571-021-01064-9. Rogers J, Webster S, Lue LF, Brachova L, Civin WH, Emmerling M, Shivers B, Walker D, McGeer P. Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. (1996) Neurobiol Aging 17:681-686. Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, et al. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(12):1165-1180. Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. 1986. Endocr.Rev. 7, 284-301. doi: 10.1210/edrv-7-3-284. United States Census Bureau. (2018). An Aging Nation. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2018/comm/pop-projections-1.jpg.", "journal": "UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)", "publication_date": "2025-03-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://uknowledge.uky.edu/jpns/vol2/iss1/1", "keywords": "Hippocampal formation, Neuroscience, Cognition, Population, Cognitive decline, Biology, Chronic stress, Hippocampus, Affect (linguistics), Disease, Glucocorticoid, Psychology, Mechanism (biology), Vulnerability (computing), Medicine, Allostatic load, Bioinformatics, Psychological resilience, Transcriptome, Zebrafish, Aging brain, Hormone, Torpor, Amygdala, Stressor, Allostasis, Senescence, Fight-or-flight response, Cognitive aging, Psychological intervention, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Sleep and Wakefulness Research, Memory and Neural Mechanisms", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110662772\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110662772\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Craig, Danny R\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Blalock, Eric M.\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402623\",\"source_display_name\":\"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/jpns/vol2/iss1/1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Cellular Senescence,Resilience,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Animal Study,Older Adults,Adolescents,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Drug Interactions,Transcriptomics,Inflammation", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7110662772" }, { "id": 4435, "title": "Evaluating the Influence of CYP450 Enzyme Inducers on the Efficacy of Psilocybin as a Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Abstract ID: 167358)", "normalized_title": "evaluating the influence of cyp450 enzyme inducers on the efficacy of psilocybin as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders abstract id 167358", "authors": "Elmira Zolali, Mahfuz Sakib, Jenny L. Wilkerson, Lance Richard McMahon, Samuel Obeng", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2025-02-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpet.2024.100843", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2024.100843", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Inducer, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Hallucinogen, Gene, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:40", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408935843\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408935843\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026734379\",\"display_name\":\"Elmira Zolali\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-7755\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Mahfuz Sakib\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086682653\",\"display_name\":\"Jenny L. Wilkerson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-061X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068085470\",\"display_name\":\"Lance Richard McMahon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054505008\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel Obeng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9644-0750\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2024.100843\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408935843" }, { "id": 800, "title": "Serotonergic Psychedelics Rapidly Modulate Evoked Glutamate Release in Cultured Cortical Neurons", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics rapidly modulate evoked glutamate release in cultured cortical neurons", "authors": "Aneta Petrušková, Debarpan Guhathakurta, Enes Yağız Akdaş, Bartomeu Perelló-Amorós, Renato Frischknecht, Eva-Maria Weiss, Tomáš Páleníček, Anna Fejtová", "abstract": "The serotonergic psychedelics psilocybin, LSD and DMT hold great promise for the development of new treatments for psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder, addiction and end-of-life anxiety. Previous studies in both animals and humans have confirmed the effects of these drugs on neuronal activity and plasticity. However, the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these substances is limited. Here we show rapid effects of psychedelics on presynaptic properties, using live cell imaging at the level of single synapses in primary rat cortical neurons. Using the genetically encoded reporter of synaptic vesicle fusion synaptopHluorin, we detected a reduced fraction of synaptic vesicles that fused in response to mild or strong electrical stimulation 3-30 min after application of serotonergic psychedelics. These effects were transient and no longer present 24 h after treatment. While DMT only reduced the total recycling pool, LSD and psilocin also reduced the size of the readily releasable vesicle pool. Imaging with the sensors for glutamate, iGluSnFR, and presynaptic calcium, synGCaMP6, showed that while psilocin and DMT increased evoked glutamate release, LSD and psilocin reduced evoked presynaptic calcium levels. Interestingly, psilocin also affected short-term plasticity leading to a depression of responses to paired stimuli. The rapid and drug-specific modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission described in this study may contribute to distinct anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of serotonergic psychedelics.", "journal": "Journal of Neurochemistry", "publication_date": "2025-02-27", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/jnc.70020", "pubmed_id": "40022486", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.70020", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Cortical neurons, Glutamate receptor, Chemistry, Serotonin, Biology, Biochemistry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408089796\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408089796\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W145264147\",\"https://openalex.org/W1649318184\",\"https://openalex.org/W1797736032\",\"https://openalex.org/W1822227732\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983379803\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992234519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994190321\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995855359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998983314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002376223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003982930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010920793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030932324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034475831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048256430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055277208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055746023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063194215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068412840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072438443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077005039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092143184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092879602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094580786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109634402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112927743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113596790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115030010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115086145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116895182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125368083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138315398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140063256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144728851\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147800368\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149773101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346390990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409801431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413669493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516623103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573828241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737514826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907236776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950996676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978563328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980248332\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155823824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158922629\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180562559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187758358\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202807018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214897436\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226477612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298137791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323294129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381804317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391100163\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399128816\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015243338\",\"display_name\":\"Aneta Petrušková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7146-6105\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040178131\",\"display_name\":\"Debarpan Guhathakurta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-6366\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091344134\",\"display_name\":\"Enes Yağız Akdaş\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-064X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093761477\",\"display_name\":\"Bartomeu Perelló-Amorós\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036365875\",\"display_name\":\"Renato Frischknecht\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-7511\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069555190\",\"display_name\":\"Eva-Maria Weiss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1229-8557\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048830214\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Fejtová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-4409\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S135837084\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neurochemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.70020\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408089796" }, { "id": 793, "title": "A Field-Wide Review and Analysis of Study Materials Used in Psilocybin Trials: Assessment of Two Decades of Research.", "normalized_title": "a field wide review and analysis of study materials used in psilocybin trials assessment of two decades of research", "authors": "Yaden DB, Graziosi M, Owen AM, Agin-Liebes G, Aaronson ST, Allen KE, Barrett FS, Bogenschutz MP, Carhart-Harris R, Ching THW, Cosimano MP, Danforth A, Davis AK, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths R, Grob CS, Gründer G, Gukasyan N, Heinzerling KG, Hendricks PS, Holze F, Horton DM, Johnson MW, Kelmendi B, Knatz Peck S, Koslowski M, Liechti ME, Mertens LJ, Moreno FA, Nayak SM, Nicholas CR, Preller KH, Rieser NM, Ross S, Sergi K, Sloshower J, Smigielski L, Stenbæk DS, Vollenweider FX, Weiss B, Wolff M, Yaden ME.", "abstract": "IntroductionSerotonergic psychedelics, serotonin 2A receptor agonists such as psilocybin that can result in substantially altered states of consciousness, are used in recreational and research settings. The safety of psychedelic experiences in research settings is supported by controlled physical environments, presence of clinical and medical staff to address emergent issues, screening for personal and family history of potential contraindications, and psychoeducational preparation with psychological support. Research settings typically provide psychoeducation to participants verbally and in writing (e.g., informed consent), and such documents and conversations can provide safety-related information-but may also introduce a wide range of expectancies. Such expectancies might involve the specific character of the acute subjective effects of psychedelics, possible side effects, and anticipated outcomes.MethodsTo better understand the content of this psychoeducation, we gathered study materials from many psilocybin studies conducted in the past two decades in healthy and therapeutic populations. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis to better understand these documents.ResultsWhile these documents varied substantially between studies, we identified themes intended to lower levels of risk and optimize therapeutic effects from psychedelic treatments. The most frequently coded themes related to (1) biological and physical safety, (2) psychological safety and well-being, (3) aspects of setting, and (4) potential for expectancies. Prioritizing biological and psychological safety was evident in the materials from all sites. Furthermore, we identify potential contributors to expectancy unrelated to safety and suggest that these extrapharmacological elements be studied systematically in future research.ConclusionsIdeally, future research should strive to maximize safety while attempting to minimize extraneous expectancies.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-02-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2024.0019", "pubmed_id": "40351554", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2024.0019", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40351554\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events,Contraindications", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 758, "title": "Psilocin, A Psychedelic Drug, Exerts Anticonvulsant Effects Against PTZ- and MES-Induced Seizures in Mice via 5-HT1A and CB1 Receptors: Involvement of Nitrergic, Opioidergic, and Kynurenine Pathways", "normalized_title": "psilocin a psychedelic drug exerts anticonvulsant effects against ptz and mes induced seizures in mice via 5 ht1a and cb1 receptors involvement of nitrergic opioidergic and kynurenine pathways", "authors": "Mohammad Balabandian, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Ali Lesani, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Hamed Shafaroodi, Neda Heidari, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Alireza Foroumadi, Arya Afrooghe, Ahmad Reza Dehpour", "abstract": "Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder affecting around 65 million people globally, is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures. Psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, a well-known psychedelic compound, has recently gained attention for its potential antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. This study aims to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of psilocin. The study utilizes behavioral seizure models and electrophysiological recordings in mice to assess the anticonvulsant efficacy of psilocin. The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test for clonic seizures and the maximal electroshock (MES) test for generalized tonic-clonic seizures are employed. Cortical electrical activity is monitored to provide insights into the compound's effects on neuronal activity. The involvement of kynurenine pathway, opioidergic and nitrergic systems, as well as cannabinoid receptors using agonist/antagonist paradigms. Western blotting was employed to evaluate the expression levels of key receptors and enzymes implicated in psilocin's anticonvulsant effects. The findings indicate a possible modulation of seizure activity by psilocin, with modest doses (3 mg/kg, i.p.) demonstrating potential anticonvulsant effects. Remarkably, the administration of 1-MT, L-NAME, naltrexone, sildenafil, and AM-251 led to a diminishment of the anticonvulsant effects of psilocin, underscoring the involvement of the kynurenine pathway, nitrergic and opioidergic systems, cGMP, and the CB1 receptor in mediating the anticonvulsant effects of psilocin, respectively. Based on western blotting analysis, the upregulation of 5-HT1A but not 5-HT2A and the downregulation of IDO and CB1 expression following psilocin administration were observed. Acute administration of psilocin exerts anticonvulsant effects that might be mediated at least in part through the kynurenine pathway, opioidergic, serotonergic, and nitrergic systems.", "journal": "Pharmacology Research & Perspectives", "publication_date": "2025-02-24", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/prp2.70079", "pubmed_id": "39996441", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70079", "keywords": "Opioidergic, Anticonvulsant, Pharmacology, Drug, Hallucinogen, Tiagabine, Kynurenine, Epilepsy, Medicine, Cannabinoid receptor, Receptor, Chemistry, Opioid, Psychiatry, Antagonist, Internal medicine, Tryptophan, Biochemistry, (+)-Naloxone, Amino acid, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407945019\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407945019\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W51306571\",\"https://openalex.org/W1805299948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004465982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018104037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043949690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046807199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063464796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083313877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102873601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120420582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127666007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133503999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153227444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170971246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2485446928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771328536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885449523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911226018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913550797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988260994\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012354707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016929102\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024222468\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046756186\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118029755\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123347947\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131902604\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135059561\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136889773\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182937852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220846576\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286817082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291002705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4303509980\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308154318\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309160050\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315619317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4322491052\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382752858\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387893450\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388714298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388775619\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390030343\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390665254\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391418480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392049752\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392214290\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392287240\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392586575\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398159085\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402508040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403290179\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404691026\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404733669\",\"https://openalex.org/W4406873551\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054823288\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad Balabandian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-0915\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022448138\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad Amin Manavi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-9063\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043314768\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Lesani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029077125\",\"display_name\":\"Razieh Mohammad Jafari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-0838\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008607938\",\"display_name\":\"Hamed Shafaroodi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-4077\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056199122\",\"display_name\":\"Neda Heidari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001454608\",\"display_name\":\"Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-9052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066965145\",\"display_name\":\"Alireza Foroumadi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040278060\",\"display_name\":\"Arya Afrooghe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-7042\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034729928\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmad Reza Dehpour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-5565\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764487716\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70079\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407945019" }, { "id": 720, "title": "Anaesthetic implications of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide: what is old is now new: A narrative review on psychedelics and anaesthesia.", "normalized_title": "anaesthetic implications of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide what is old is now new a narrative review on psychedelics and anaesthesia", "authors": "Dave M, Shore R, Cupido T, Haley C, Clinkard D.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs, known for their perception-altering properties, are gaining popularity in the treatment of mental health and pain disorders. As exploratory studies demonstrate clinical efficacy with few adverse events, it is expected that more patients will ingest psychedelic drugs. For therapeutic reasons, as with any drug, anaesthesiologists must be aware of its physiological effects and contraindications to ensure the safe provision of anaesthesia. Psilocybin is a 5HT 1A and 5HT 2A serotonin receptor agonist thought to act on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Acute ingestion causes sympathetic nervous system activation, which can precipitate haemodynamic instability. Activation of the 5HT serotonin receptors can also place the patient at risk of serotonin syndrome. Chronic use increases plasma concentrations of cortisol, which has implications on prophylactic stress-dosing of glucocorticoids preoperatively. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a synthetic psychoactive substance, is also a 5HT2 A agonist. LSD has been shown to potentiate opioid analgesics, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. Historical reports suggest that LSD has anticholinesterase activity and can prolong neuromuscular block with depolarising muscle relaxants. Mescaline is a poorly understood psychedelic with similar autonomic effects. Historical studies have shown decreased neuromuscular transmission and an association with malignant hyperthermia. When managing patients who have consumed psychedelics drugs, it is important to consider delaying surgery whenever possible, to allow acute intoxication to wane. A high degree of suspicion and an understanding of management principles is vital to the safe conduct of anaesthesia. Future research should explore therapeutic doses of psychedelic drugs to understand physiologic effects at various concentrations.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-02-17", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1097/eja.0000000000002138", "pubmed_id": "39967455", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/eja.0000000000002138", "keywords": "Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Anesthetics, Hallucinogens, Anesthesia, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39967455\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events,Contraindications", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3328, "title": "Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations in serotonergic psychedelics and lewy body diseases", "authors": "Heller NH, Barrett FS, Buchborn T, Collerton D, Dupuis D, Halberstadt AL, Jardri R, Noorani TN, Preller KH, Taylor J, Waters F, Winston B, Leptourgos P.", "abstract": "Background and HypothesisVisual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and serotonergic psychedelics (SPs; e.g., psilocybin and mescaline). While these classes of VH differ in etiology, shared pathways are suggested by overlapping phenomenology and neural mechanisms. This review explores similarities and differences in VH between LBDs and SPs, focusing on phenomenology, cortical function, and serotonergic modulation.Study DesignThis narrative review synthesizes findings from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and systems neuroscience to compare VH in LBDs and SPs. The literature includes studies with both human subjects and animal models that examine cortical activity patterns, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and VH phenomenology.Study ResultsBoth LBDs and SPs exhibit distinct visual aberrations, ranging from minor metamorphopsias to complex hallucinations. Specific classes of VH in LBDs resemble those induced by SPs (e.g., illusory motion and entity encounters), suggesting shared neural mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies indicate a common pattern of hyperactive associative cortex and hypoactive sensory cortex. At the neuromodulator level, SP-induced VH involves serotonin 2A and 1A receptor (5-HT₂AR and 5-HT₁AR) modulation, while in LBDs, 5-HT₂AR upregulation correlates with increased VH, and its inhibition (e.g., with pimavanserin) reduces VH. Two shared cortical signatures are highlighted: reduced visual evoked responses and shifts toward visual excitation.ConclusionsExamining cortical and neuromodulatory similarities between LBD- and SP-induced VH may elucidate the link between visual degradation, excitation, and hallucinogenesis. Future research should employ real-time neuroimaging of discrete hallucinatory episodes to identify shared mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for LBD hallucinations.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2025-02-12", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/7x8q4_v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7x8q4_v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR978411\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 782, "title": "Psychedelics and Pro-Social Behaviors: A Perspective on Autism Spectrum Disorders", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and pro social behaviors a perspective on autism spectrum disorders", "authors": "Xue Wang, Cong Lin, Xiaohui Wang", "abstract": "Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. This viewpoint explores the potential mechanisms through which psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) may positively influence pro-social behaviors, focusing on their implications for individuals with ASD.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2025-02-09", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.5c00034", "pubmed_id": "40109751", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00034", "keywords": "Perspective (graphical), Autism, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Developmental psychology, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407310923\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407310923\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2892030583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2931582381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112557491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121381676\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285008675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321018047\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385196978\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402447890\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403887689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4405614242\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070764664\",\"display_name\":\"Xue Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-6829\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070764664\",\"display_name\":\"Xue Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-6829\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100331602\",\"display_name\":\"Cong Lin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-5037\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100618787\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-5612\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100618787\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaohui Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-5612\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00034\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407310923" }, { "id": 826, "title": "Emerging Medications for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review with Perspective on Mechanisms and Challenges.", "normalized_title": "emerging medications for treatment resistant depression a review with perspective on mechanisms and challenges", "authors": "Lucido MJ, Dunlop BW.", "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Non-response to initial treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common clinical challenge with profound deleterious impacts for affected patients. Few treatments have received regulatory approval for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: A systematic search of United States and European Union clinical trials registries was conducted to identify Phase II, III, or IV clinical trials, with a last update posted on or after 1 January 2020, that were evaluating medications for TRD. For both the US and EU registries, the condition term \"treatment resistant depression\" and associated lower-level terms (per registry search protocol) were used. For the US registry, a secondary search using the condition term \"depressive disorders\" and the modifying term \"inadequate\" was also performed to capture registrations not tagged as TRD. Two additional searches were also conducted in the US registry for the terms \"suicide\" and \"anhedonia\" as transdiagnostic targets of investigational medications. Trials were categorized based on the primary mechanism of action of the trial's investigational medication. Results: Fifty clinical trials for TRD, 20 for anhedonia, and 25 for suicide were identified. Glutamate system modulation was the mechanism currently with the most compounds in development, including antagonists and allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors, metabotropic type 2/3 glutamate receptors, and intracellular effector molecules downstream of glutamate signaling. Psychedelics have seen the greatest surge among mechanistic targets in the past 5 years, however, with psilocybin in particular garnering significant attention. Other mechanisms included GABA modulators, monoamine modulators, anti-inflammatory/immune-modulating agents, and an orexin type 2 receptor antagonist. Conclusions: These investigations offer substantial promise for more efficacious and potentially personalized medication approaches for TRD. Challenges for detecting efficacy in TRD include the heterogeneity within the TRD population stemming from the presumed variety of biological dysfunctions underlying the disorder, comorbid disorders, chronic psychosocial stressors, and enduring effects of prior serotonergic antidepressant medication treatments.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-02-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.3390/brainsci15020161", "pubmed_id": "40002494", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020161", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40002494\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 820, "title": "Psilocybin as a Treatment for Repetitive Mild Head Injury: Evidence from Neuroradiology and Molecular Biology", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a treatment for repetitive mild head injury evidence from neuroradiology and molecular biology", "authors": "Brengel EK, Axe B, Maheswari A, Abeer MI, Ortiz RJ, Woodward TJ, Walhof R, Utama R, Sawada C, Balaji S, Kulkarni PP, Bradshaw HB, Gitcho MA, Ferris CF.", "abstract": "Repetitive mild head injuries incurred while playing organized sports, during car accidents and falls, or in active military service are a major health problem. These head injuries induce cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits that can last for months and even years with an increased risk of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. There is no approved medical treatment for these types of head injuries. To this end, we tested the healing effects of the psychedelic psilocybin, as it is known to reduce neuroinflammation and enhance neuroplasticity. Using a model of mild repetitive head injury in adult female rats, we provide unprecedented data that psilocybin can reduce vasogenic edema, restore normal vascular reactivity and functional connectivity, reduce phosphorylated tau buildup, enhance levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB, and modulate lipid signaling molecules.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-02-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.02.03.636248", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.03.636248", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR975392\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4443, "title": "Psilocybin mushroom stewardship: A qualitative inquiry into practices and priorities of “underground” psilocybin mushroom practitioners", "normalized_title": "psilocybin mushroom stewardship a qualitative inquiry into practices and priorities of underground psilocybin mushroom practitioners", "authors": "Shannon Hughes, Lucia Terpak, Reilly Capps, Pam Peters, Nicole Lilly, Dylan Rivard", "abstract": "Abstract Background and Aims Networks of so-called underground, or illegal, psilocybin mushroom practitioners are popularly known to exist, though few systematic investigations of their practices have been conducted. We sought to uncover the experiences of a hidden community of psilocybin practitioners in order to inform scientific and policy dialogues about safe and effective practices in this area. Methods An academic-community partnered research team used snowball sampling to recruit 17 underground psilocybin practitioners in a western U.S. state for in-depth individual interviews focused on training, protocols, practices, and policy priorities. Combined deductive and inductive analysis with three independent coders was completed using NVivo v12. Results Practitioners were white (76.5%), female-identified (64.7%), aged 31 to 50 (64.7%), non-therapists by training (58.8%), and moderately to highly experienced facilitators. All described multiple years of often difficult personal inner-directed work with psilocybin before guiding others. Benefits ranged from reduction in symptoms of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addictions to greater self-knowledge, reduced death anxiety, and a greater ability to experience joy. Client screening protocols revealed precautions for persons with severe trauma backgrounds, personality disorders, or lacking social support. Moving too quickly into a high dose mushroom session without adequate preparation or internal resourcing was perceived as a significant risk for harm. Practitioners' direct personal relationship with mushrooms was highlighted as critical to safe practice. Policy priorities centered on respectful reciprocity, defined as an ethos of giving back rather than extraction, and equitable access. Conclusions While some psychedelic research actively examines the role of the mystical-type experience in clients' positive outcomes, findings from underground practitioners suggest an even greater role of mysticism, relationality, and expanded concepts of holistic healing that can inform the development of best practice paradigms of an emerging profession.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2025-02-04", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2025.00375", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2025.00375", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Stewardship (theology), Mushroom, Mushroom poisoning, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Political science, Chemistry, Psychiatry, Food science, Politics, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407157019\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407157019\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W63354357\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979290264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143350277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2541735118\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739506888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023499422\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198659533\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199302798\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204171992\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215626177\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210764005\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236038590\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241052343\",\"https://openalex.org/W4244982232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245006944\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248607037\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251929576\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255816404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283584241\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289522809\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4322757924\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361248485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386827794\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387580925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387763972\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399215777\",\"https://openalex.org/W6804346829\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066575824\",\"display_name\":\"Shannon Hughes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-3831\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116155320\",\"display_name\":\"Lucia Terpak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116155321\",\"display_name\":\"Reilly Capps\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116155322\",\"display_name\":\"Pam Peters\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112334947\",\"display_name\":\"Nicole Lilly\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116155324\",\"display_name\":\"Dylan Rivard\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2025.00375\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Mystical Experience,Safety", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407157019" }, { "id": 802, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for Parkinson's disease without depression: A case-report", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for parkinson s disease without depression a case report", "authors": "Vanessa Fleury, Emilie Tomkova, Sabina Catalano Chiuvé, Louise Penzenstadler", "abstract": "BackgroundPsychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP) can improve treatment-resistant depression. Its usefulness in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. PD patients may have problems adjusting to their chronic progressive neurological disease. A change from emotional avoidance to acceptance has been reported following psilocybin administration in patients with treatment-resistant depression.ObjectiveTo report for the first time the effect of psilocybin in a PD patient.MethodsA non-depressed 43-year-old female with a 2-year history of PD presented with difficulty adjusting to PD, anxious ruminations and pessimism. The patient declined an increase in dopaminergic medication or the introduction of an anxiolytic. Therapeutic patient education was not beneficial. The patient received four sessions of high-dose PAP within one year. Neurological and psychiatric assessments were performed before and at one year follow-up using qualitative interviews and quantitative assessment of motor status, dispositional optimism, depression, anxiety, apathy, and well-being.ResultsPAP was well tolerated. It significantly improved the patient's overall pessimistic outlook on her future and decreased her anxious ruminations and worries about potential handicap due to PD. Her general well-being improved, as well as all psychometric scores except for the apathy scale. Motor status remained unchanged. Better acceptance of PD allowed her to accept pharmacological treatment adjustment.ConclusionsPAP could be a safe and useful treatment for PD patients with dispositional pessimism and difficulties accepting their disease by promoting profound decentration from habitual thoughts and emotions, improving mood and PD acceptance. Randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm this result.", "journal": "Journal of Parkinson s Disease", "publication_date": "2025-02-01", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1177/1877718x241312604", "pubmed_id": "39973494", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1877718x241312604", "keywords": "Apathy, Parkinson's disease, Psychology, Depression (economics), Mood, Anxiety, Psychiatry, Psilocybin, Pessimism, Somatization, Clinical psychology, Optimism, Disease, Medicine, Psychotherapist, Internal medicine, Cognition, Economics, Hallucinogen, Philosophy, Epistemology, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407078896\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407078896\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2019778340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062075297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140978740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2271667746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413927240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792130262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894541203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116760400\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139407639\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193711914\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205647471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252855288\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366087911\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382632371\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385636083\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386861633\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390063366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399215777\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400496975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400513312\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4403080353\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009783577\",\"display_name\":\"Vanessa Fleury\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5744-6829\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058313981\",\"display_name\":\"Emilie Tomkova\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073766814\",\"display_name\":\"Sabina Catalano Chiuvé\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-5827\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054543118\",\"display_name\":\"Louise Penzenstadler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-0243\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764943606\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Parkinson s Disease\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1877718x241312604\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407078896" }, { "id": 4459, "title": "Direct effects of psilocybin on serotonin receptors regulate lipid accumulation in hepatic cells and adipocytes", "normalized_title": "direct effects of psilocybin on serotonin receptors regulate lipid accumulation in hepatic cells and adipocytes", "authors": "A. Signor, Martina Colognesi, Daniela Gabbia, Ilaria Zanotto, Y. Frion-Herrera, Stefano Comai, Andrea Mattarei, Gianfranco Pasut, Franco Folli, M. Pappagallo, Paolo Manfredi, S. De Martin", "abstract": "", "journal": "Digestive and Liver Disease", "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.dld.2025.01.134", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2025.01.134", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Serotonin, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408266781\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408266781\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067887844\",\"display_name\":\"A. Signor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060460268\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Colognesi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-7851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017874146\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Gabbia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-8227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003787003\",\"display_name\":\"Ilaria Zanotto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4858-1801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019753724\",\"display_name\":\"Y. Frion-Herrera\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018646315\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Comai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7194\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065244580\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Mattarei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-0749\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036102891\",\"display_name\":\"Gianfranco Pasut\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0899\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053802958\",\"display_name\":\"Franco Folli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-5222\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016785133\",\"display_name\":\"M. Pappagallo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-5602\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081766741\",\"display_name\":\"Paolo Manfredi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-8945\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078073797\",\"display_name\":\"S. De Martin\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S69273698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Digestive and Liver Disease\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2025.01.134\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408266781" }, { "id": 4455, "title": "BEHAVIORAL ANALYSES OF ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF SEROTONERGIC PSYCHEDELICS IN MICE", "normalized_title": "behavioral analyses of antidepressant like effect of serotonergic psychedelics in mice", "authors": "Daisuke Ibi, Rika Takaba, Keisuke Yoshida, Takayoshi Mamiya, Shinji Kitagaki, Masayuki Hiramatsu", "abstract": "Abstract Background Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and DOI exert a hallucinatory effect through the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A). Recent studies have revealed that serotonergic psychedelics have therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive and anxiety-related disorders. Aims & Objectives The involvement of 5-HT2A in mediating the therapeutic effects of serotonergic psychedelics remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the role of 5-HT2A in the occurrence of anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocin, an active metabolite of psilocybin, DOI, and TCB-2 in mice 24 h after treatment. Method Male C57BL/6J mice (7-9 weeks old) were utilized in this study. The forced-swimming test (FST) and tail-suspension test (TST) were performed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of psychedelics in mice. The anxiolytic-like effect of psychedelics was assessed using the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT). Mice subjected to either chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment were employed as animal models of depression. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. Results Mice with acute psychedelic treatment exhibited significantly shorter immobility times in the FST and TST than vehicle-treated control mice. These effects were eliminated by pretreatment with volinanserin, a 5-HT2A antagonist. Surprisingly, the decreasing immobility time in the FST in response to acute psilocin treatment was sustained for at least three weeks. In the NSFT, the latency to feed, an indicator of anxiety-like behavior, was decreased by acute administration of psilocin; however, pretreatment with volinanserin did not antagonize this effect. In contrast, DOI and TCB-2 did not affect the NSFT performance in mice. Furthermore, psilocin, DOI, and TCB-2 treatment did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity or head-twitch response, a hallucination-like behavior in rodents. Lastly, we observed that mice subjected to either CUMS or CORT treatment exhibited a decrease in immobility time in the FST, which was reversed by a single dose of DOI. Discussion & Conclusion These results suggest that 5-HT2A plays a central role in the antidepressant effects of serotonergic psychedelics, which may contribute to the therapeutic effects of psychedelics in animal models of depression.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.584", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.584", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Antidepressant, Psychology, Pharmacology, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Anxiety, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407387174\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407387174\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090467184\",\"display_name\":\"Daisuke Ibi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076092672\",\"display_name\":\"Rika Takaba\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079107661\",\"display_name\":\"Keisuke Yoshida\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-9418\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110159295\",\"display_name\":\"Takayoshi Mamiya\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014830673\",\"display_name\":\"Shinji Kitagaki\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-7773\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103266566\",\"display_name\":\"Masayuki Hiramatsu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3723-310X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.584\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407387174" }, { "id": 4451, "title": "International Drug Policy Study Trends With Psychedelic Drugs: A Spotlight on Psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA", "normalized_title": "international drug policy study trends with psychedelic drugs a spotlight on psilocybin lsd and mdma", "authors": "Myfanwy Graham, Wayne Hall, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, David Hammond", "abstract": "", "journal": "Drug and Alcohol Dependence", "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112089", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112089", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Drug, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Ecstasy, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407076385\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407076385\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017646523\",\"display_name\":\"Myfanwy Graham\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-7497\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053840112\",\"display_name\":\"Wayne Hall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-0096\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056291685\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalie Liccardo Pacula\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-9865\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064557125\",\"display_name\":\"David Hammond\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-6010\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S109998069\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug and Alcohol Dependence\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112089\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407076385" }, { "id": 4449, "title": "Source Localized Auditory Erp Sensory and Preattentive Correlates of Psilocybin-Induced Ego-Dissolution Related Effects", "normalized_title": "source localized auditory erp sensory and preattentive correlates of psilocybin induced ego dissolution related effects", "authors": "Destiny Carbello, Tomáš Páleníček", "abstract": "", "journal": "Drug and Alcohol Dependence", "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112090", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112090", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Audiology, Sensory system, Hallucinogen, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407076043\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407076043\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116122163\",\"display_name\":\"Destiny Carbello\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S109998069\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug and Alcohol Dependence\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112090\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407076043" }, { "id": 4446, "title": "Lifetime Psilocybin Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age", "normalized_title": "lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder in pregnant and non pregnant women of reproductive age", "authors": "Amanda L. Elmore, Marina Bolser, Matt Richey", "abstract": "", "journal": "Drug and Alcohol Dependence", "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111723", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111723", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Opioid use disorder, Medicine, Pregnancy, Psychiatry, Opioid, Obstetrics, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Biology, Genetics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407067985\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407067985\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011433800\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda L. Elmore\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-2797\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116118046\",\"display_name\":\"Marina Bolser\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109316474\",\"display_name\":\"Matt Richey\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S109998069\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug and Alcohol Dependence\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111723\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407067985" }, { "id": 836, "title": "Evaluating the value and risks of psychedelics for psychiatric medicine: a clinical perspective.", "normalized_title": "evaluating the value and risks of psychedelics for psychiatric medicine a clinical perspective", "authors": "Marazziti D, Weiss F, Gurrieri R, Russomanno G, Gambini M, Magnesa A, Coccoglioniti A, Perugi G", "abstract": "After a long period of obscurantism, a possible role of psychedelics in clinical practice has progressively become a tangible perspective during the last two decades. However, the resounding enthusiasm linked to such 'psychedelic renaissance' runs the risk to unduly minimize the possible hazards associated with these compounds, while expanding their alleged benefits to improbable panacea-like proportions. In order to avoid mystifying or demonizing the properties of 5-HT2a agonists on emotional grounds, this subject requires a strictly unprejudiced and cautious approach to the evidence. In this article, the authors attempted to comprehensively analyze the available literature to provide a balanced overview of the possible benefits of psychedelics in healthcare, taking into account their potential risks. To date, psychedelics have shown a therapeutic potential in a wide range of conditions, with a seemingly limited risk of inducing adverse reactions, including abuse and dependence, when administered in a controlled environment by specialized personnel. In any case, although several questions remain unanswered before drawing firm conclusions, further studies are needed to establish which conditions and subjects could benefit from psychedelics and which patients bear the greater risk of adversities.", "journal": "Expert review of neurotherapeutics", "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1080/14737175.2024.2445016", "pubmed_id": "39699299", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39699299/", "keywords": "5-HT2a agonist, DMT, LSD, Psychedelic, mescaline, psilocin, psilocybin, use in clinical psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:36", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"39699299\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 721, "title": "Low (micro)doses of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine (DOPR) increase effortful motivation in low-performing mice.", "normalized_title": "low micro doses of 2 5 dimethoxy 4 propylamphetamine dopr increase effortful motivation in low performing mice", "authors": "Noback M, Kenton JA, Klein AK, Hughes ZA, Kruegel AC, Schmid Y, Halberstadt AL, Young JW.", "abstract": "Treating amotivated states remains difficult. Classical psychedelic drugs (5-HT2A receptor agonists) such as LSD and psilocybin have shown therapeutic potential in treating such symptoms, but their development has been hindered by their undesirable hallucinogenic effects. There is increasing evidence that administration of psychedelics at dose levels too low to evoke a hallucinogenic effect (\"microdoses\") may have therapeutic value in contexts of mood and cognition. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine (DOPR) is a psychedelic phenethylamine compound acting as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist. We used a combination of behavioral assays to determine the motivational and hallucinogenic-like effects of DOPR and identify the dose ranges at which each of these effects were observed. In mice, the motivational effects of psychedelic compounds were assessed using the progressive ratio breakpoint task (PRBT, n = 80), a translational assay sensitive to changes in motivation. Psychedelic-like effects were gauged using the mouse head-twitch response (HTR, n = 72) assay, a preclinical readout of psychedelic potential. Significant improvements in PRBT performance were seen at doses as low as 0.0106 mg/kg in animals with low baseline PRBT scores while high-performing PRBT mice were unaffected. DOPR only induced significant HTR at doses ≥0.1 mg/kg. Together, these results indicate that the psychedelic DOPR may increase motivation in those with a low motivated state. Importantly, these effects may be attainable at low doses below the threshold required to induce psychedelic subjective effects. Hence, the ability of low doses of DOPR and other psychedelic drugs to alleviate amotivated states in rodents manipulated to induce disease-relevant states should be investigated.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-31", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110334", "pubmed_id": "39900138", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110334", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Amphetamines, Hallucinogens, Motivation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39900138\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 775, "title": "Psychedelics in neuroinflammation: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in neuroinflammation mechanisms and therapeutic potential", "authors": "de Deus JL, Maia JM, Soriano RN, Amorim MR, Branco LGS.", "abstract": "Neuroinflammation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and major depressive disorder. Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects on neuroinflammation, primarily through interactions with serotonin (5-HT) receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor. Activation of these receptors by psychedelics modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulates microglial activity, and shifts the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolites. Additionally, psychedelics affect critical signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, promoting neuroplasticity and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Beyond the serotonergic system, other neurotransmitter systems-including the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic), and cholinergic systems-also play significant roles in mediating the effects of psychedelics. This review examines the intricate mechanisms by which psychedelics modulate neuroinflammation and underscores their potential as innovative therapeutic agents for treating neuroinflammatory and neuropsychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-30", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111278", "pubmed_id": "39892847", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111278", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Signal Transduction, Neuroinflammatory Diseases", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39892847\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Drug Interactions,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 845, "title": "Correction: Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.", "normalized_title": "correction study protocol for psilocd a pharmacological challenge study evaluating the effects of the 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on the neurocognitive and clinical correlates of compulsivity", "authors": "O'Connor S, Godfrey K, Reed S, Peill J, Rohani-Shukla C, Healy M, Robbins T, Frota Lisboa Pereira de Souza A, Tyacke R, Papasyrou M, Stenbæk D, Castro-Rodrigues P, Chiera M, Lee H, Martell J, Carhart-Harris R, Pellegrini L, Fineberg NA, Nutt D, Erritzoe D.", "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78171.].", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-29", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.c209", "pubmed_id": "39897296", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.c209", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39897296\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 848, "title": "Study Protocol for ‘PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity’", "normalized_title": "study protocol for psilocd a pharmacological challenge study evaluating the effects of the 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on the neurocognitive and clinical correlates of compulsivity", "authors": "Sorcha O'Connor, Kate Godfrey, Sara Reed, Joseph Peill, Cyrus Rohani-Shukla, Mairead Healy, Trevor W. Robbins, Ana Frota Lisboa Pereira de Souza, Robin J. Tyacke, Maria Papasyrou, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Pedro Castro-Rodrigues, Martina Chiera, Hakjun Lee, Jonny Martell, Robin Carhart-Harris, Luca Pellegrini, Naomi Fineberg, David Nutt, David Erritzøe", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition marked by persistent distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviours. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms behind OCD remain elusive, and current treatments are limited. This protocol outlines an investigative study for individuals with OCD, exploring the potential of psilocybin to improve key components of cognition implicated in the disorder. The PsilOCD study strives to assess the effects of low-moderate psilocybin treatment (10 mg) alongside non-interventional therapy on several facets of OCD. The main focus points of PsilOCD are cognitive flexibility, measured with cognitive tests, and neuroplasticity, assessed through electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS: 20 blinded participants with OCD will complete two dosing sessions, separated by four weeks, where they will receive 1 mg of psilocybin on the first and 10 mg on the second. The first dose serves as an active placebo, and the latter is a low-moderate dose that induces relatively mild-moderate emotional and perceptual effects. Participants will be supported by trained psychedelic therapists, who will sit with them during each dosing session and provide virtual preparation and integration sessions over the 12-week study period. Therapeutic support will be the same for both the 1 mg and 10 mg sessions. PsilOCD's primary outcomes include scores in the intradimensional-extradimensional (ID-ED) shift task, which is an established measure of cognitive flexibility, and neuroplasticity as quantified by a visual long-term potentiation (vLTP) task. This task is delivered as part of an EEG paradigm and measures acute quantified changes in neuroplasticity in the brain's visual system. The ID-ED task will be conducted twice, two days after each dosing session, and the EEG recordings will also be taken twice, immediately after each session. Secondary outcome assessments will include OCD and affective symptom severity, as well as an array of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), in the form of questionnaires designed to assess well-being, dissociable and well-established mood-related (affective) measures, and participants' subjective experience of the psilocybin experience. DISCUSSION: This study's results are expected to offer critical insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy in treating OCD, and whether these correlate with changes in the cognitive features of the condition. As a secondary aim, it will ascertain whether a low, tolerable dose is a feasible and efficacious clinical treatment, and will provide crucial data to guide the design of a potential follow-up randomised control trial (RCT).", "journal": "Cureus", "publication_date": "2025-01-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.78171", "pubmed_id": "39882198", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.78171", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Neurocognitive, Agonist, Protocol (science), Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition, Internal medicine, Receptor, Biology, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406932478\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406932478\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W200847362\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988699227\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999995516\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012149173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015749594\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016434222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033538767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039051284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040106357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044829464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048637110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051109413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057906075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063764296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072467374\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081132633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119413842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120747195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122888374\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134361504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147797459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171169522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2470545286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2486004373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2514460021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516231809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2593476122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756509241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756634820\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887188667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888326641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908731132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2920559226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948343048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996270584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023228745\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027044460\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089605233\",\"https://openalex.org/W3103896643\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131592764\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165684389\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210570735\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210954664\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221031753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239620161\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251555974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285727516\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296613147\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313251651\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321097757\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376256921\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387477163\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391678591\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Sorcha O'Connor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056222921\",\"display_name\":\"Kate Godfrey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-2382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110741678\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Reed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089523890\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Peill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-4617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106285226\",\"display_name\":\"Cyrus Rohani-Shukla\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011649514\",\"display_name\":\"Mairead Healy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080762339\",\"display_name\":\"Trevor W. Robbins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-5977\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003996958\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Frota Lisboa Pereira de Souza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1304-1613\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108727800\",\"display_name\":\"Robin J. Tyacke\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116069795\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Papasyrou\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000697877\",\"display_name\":\"Pedro Castro-Rodrigues\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-7164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001148992\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Chiera\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101784305\",\"display_name\":\"Hakjun Lee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-4256\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036560266\",\"display_name\":\"Jonny Martell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056272459\",\"display_name\":\"Luca Pellegrini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2865\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046416771\",\"display_name\":\"Naomi Fineberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-6900\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2738950867\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cureus\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.78171\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406932478" }, { "id": 847, "title": "Mushrooms, Microdosing, and Mental Illness: The Effect of Psilocybin on Neurotransmitters, Neuroinflammation, and Neuroplasticity.", "normalized_title": "mushrooms microdosing and mental illness the effect of psilocybin on neurotransmitters neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity", "authors": "Kinderlehrer DA.", "abstract": "The incidence of mental health disorders is increasing worldwide. While there are multiple factors contributing to this problem, neuroinflammation underlies a significant subset of psychiatric conditions, particularly major depressive and anxiety disorders. Anti-inflammatory interventions have demonstrated benefit in these conditions. Psilocin, the active ingredient of mushrooms in the Psilocybe genus, is both a potent serotonin agonist and anti-inflammatory agent, increases neuroplasticity, and decreases overactivity in the default mode network. Studies using hallucinogenic doses of psilocin under the supervision of a therapist/guide have consistently demonstrated benefits to individuals with depression and end-of-life anxiety. Microdosing psilocybin in sub-hallucinogenic doses has also demonstrated benefit in mood disorders, and may offer a safe, less expensive, and more available alternative to full doses of psilocybin for mood disorders, as well as for other medical conditions in which inflammation is the principal pathophysiology.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.2147/ndt.s500337", "pubmed_id": "39897712", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s500337", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39897712\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Microdosing,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 817, "title": "Psychiatric Treatments with Short-Duration Psychedelics and AI-Driven Behavioral Monitoring.", "normalized_title": "psychiatric treatments with short duration psychedelics and ai driven behavioral monitoring", "authors": "Kargbo RB.", "abstract": "Integrating advanced pharmaceutical innovations and artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for psychiatric care. This Patent Highlight reviews novel therapeutic strategies, including the synergistic use of monoamine antidepressants and short-duration psychedelics, alongside AI-driven behavioral efficacy tracking. The combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with short-acting psychedelics, such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin, provides rapid and sustained improvements in treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, AI-enhanced behavioral monitoring leverages motion tracking and machine learning to quantify treatment outcomes in animal models, accelerating drug development. Together, these approaches redefine therapeutic paradigms, offering personalized and effective treatments for psychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-28", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00031", "pubmed_id": "39967620", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00031", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39967620\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 779, "title": "Mice lacking the serotonin transporter do not respond to the behavioural effects of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "mice lacking the serotonin transporter do not respond to the behavioural effects of psilocybin", "authors": "James J Gattuso, Carey Wilson, Shanshan Li, Anthony J. Hannan, Thibault Renoir", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Journal of Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2025-01-26", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177304", "pubmed_id": "39864573", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177304", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin, Serotonin transporter, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406874124\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406874124\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":16,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1499111809\",\"https://openalex.org/W1561772418\",\"https://openalex.org/W1904816587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1921464947\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963910480\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965473292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972088939\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973048800\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982886582\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983670403\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991155688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995413848\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995775020\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999238614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008435918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016166396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025880338\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029397851\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037997118\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079369179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089299823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093749333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104041599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107337662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117155939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136344894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136440837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145728616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150827861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172156978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2188355044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266226083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2314624240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2496404111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626993252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746917316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794651009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891172532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2906708625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913988157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969901945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006326598\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200422364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308180606\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361304497\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376113773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377096690\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385830589\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385988534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389137509\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404007256\",\"https://openalex.org/W6640803580\",\"https://openalex.org/W6873975181\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000395302\",\"display_name\":\"James J Gattuso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-8728\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019635231\",\"display_name\":\"Carey Wilson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-9714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100656933\",\"display_name\":\"Shanshan Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8086-5814\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052976583\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony J. Hannan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-8922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006545419\",\"display_name\":\"Thibault Renoir\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-3971\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S187816532\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Journal of Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177304\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406874124" }, { "id": 805, "title": "Molecular insights into the modulation of the 5 HT2 A receptor by serotonin, psilocin, and the G protein subunit Gqα", "normalized_title": "molecular insights into the modulation of the 5 ht2 a receptor by serotonin psilocin and the g protein subunit gqα", "authors": "Niklas Viohl, Ali Asghar Hakami Zanjani, Himanshu Khandelia", "abstract": "5HT 2A R is a G-protein-coupled receptor that drives many neuronal functions and is a target for psychedelic drugs. Understanding ligand interactions and conformational transitions is essential for developing effective pharmaceuticals, but mechanistic details of 5HT 2A R activation remain poorly understood. We utilized all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free-energy calculations to investigate 5HT 2A R's conformational dynamics upon binding to serotonin and psilocin. We show that the active state of 5HT 2A R collapses to a closed state in the absence of Gqα, underscoring the importance of G-protein coupling. We discover an intermediate “partially-open” receptor conformation. Both ligands have higher binding affinities for the orthosteric than the extended binding pocket. These findings enhance our understanding of 5HT 2A R's activation and may aid in developing novel therapeutics. Impact statement This study sheds light on 5HT 2A R activation, revealing intermediate conformations and ligand dynamics. These insights could enhance drug development for neurological and psychiatric disorders, benefiting researchers and clinicians in pharmacology and neuroscience.", "journal": "FEBS Letters", "publication_date": "2025-01-25", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1002/1873-3468.15099", "pubmed_id": "39865564", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.15099", "keywords": "5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Gq alpha subunit, Protein subunit, Receptor, Chemistry, G protein-coupled receptor, Biophysics, Biochemistry, Biology, Gene, Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling, Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406851907\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406851907\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1031578623\",\"https://openalex.org/W1560061125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980374511\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991794210\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993177346\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997772366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001994823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017162980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017196167\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021294213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021520922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029667189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035687084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046614626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047567287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049617698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057477511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065283382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067174909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067805628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070753604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077936290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078108096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081693079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093290512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109154308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112154906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128572087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141273392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162109316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167857702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2206954826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323178299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2520075163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2555870966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2777807685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790705492\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898210859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911542458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946834818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970224096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981386611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981484830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990099050\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035076119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082909526\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3102022293\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105170187\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110321636\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132500005\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134734702\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137816310\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138672441\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177828909\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210500140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211795435\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200060484\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210809282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211204095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220993284\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280500709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283016060\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292056146\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295136939\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309093708\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313680817\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324129669\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362588191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383484147\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388049865\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388249137\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389164252\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389819389\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390628394\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392747552\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396732522\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400271270\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401324569\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093933921\",\"display_name\":\"Niklas Viohl\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-108X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017250248\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Asghar Hakami Zanjani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0206-9074\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079782164\",\"display_name\":\"Himanshu Khandelia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9913-6394\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S104830714\",\"source_display_name\":\"FEBS Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.15099\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthcare Workers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406851907" }, { "id": 3086, "title": "Age- and estrous-dependent effects of psilocybin in rats", "normalized_title": "age and estrous dependent effects of psilocybin in rats", "authors": "Zylko A, Rakoczy R, Roberts B, Wilson M, Powell A, Page A, Heitkamp M, Fiest D, Jones J, McMurray M.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound in “magic” mushrooms, has promise as a novel treatment for psychiatric disorders, many of which are more prevalent in females and have onsets during adolescence. However, there is a lack of research about how factors such as sex and age affect responses to psilocybin, as well as potential safety concerns with developmental exposure. The primary objectives of this preclinical study were to determine if psilocybin-induced head twitch responses differ between adolescent and adult rats, and if estrous phase contributes to variation in female head twitch responses. Secondarily, this study sought to determine if treatment with psilocybin during adolescence has long-term effects on anxiety-associated behaviors and behavioral flexibility. Results showed that 1 mg/kg intraoral psilocybin failed to elicit head twitch responses in adolescents (P35 and P45) but elicited robust responses in adult rats. Further, adolescent psilocybin exposure did not cause long-term differences in performance on the elevated zero maze or probabilistic reversal learning tasks. Lastly, adult females in diestrus showed increased head twitch responses after 1 mg/kg psilocybin compared to females in proestrus. Head twitch responses are thought to be mediated by 5-HT2A receptors, but no age-or estrous-related differences in 5-HT2A receptor expression were observed in the medial prefrontal cortex. Collectively, these results highlight the existence of age-and sex-dependent differences in the effects of psychedelics, while finding no long-term effects on selected behaviors after adolescent exposure. These findings have implications on psychedelic study design, emphasizing the need for inclusive research considering age, sex, and hormonal status.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-01-13", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.01.10.632408", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.10.632408", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR966388\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Adolescents,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4464, "title": "PSYCHEDELICS IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in the treatment of mental disorders", "authors": "Eduardo d’Avila Lins Lacerda, Bianca Medeiros Ferraz da Nóbrega, Yasmin Mesquita Dias Franca Gadelha, Liliane Reis Teixeira, Manolo Altieri Espinar, Bruna Trigueiro Carlini, Gabriel Santa Cruz Lins, Anthonielly Leinat Lima, Isabel Azevedo, Paulo Heinrich Soares Bomtempo", "abstract": "Psychedelics have emerged as a promising approach to treating mental disorders, challenging traditional paradigms in psychiatry. This study conducted an integrative literature review to investigate the advances, challenges, and implications of the therapeutic use of these substances, addressing the guiding question: “What are the current scientific perspectives on the use of psychedelics in the treatment of mental disorders?” The methodology followed the steps proposed by Mendes, Silveira, and Galvão (2008), covering the selection of articles from the LILACS, SCIELO, and MEDLINE databases. Descriptors in Portuguese and English, such as “Psychedelics,” “Mental Disorders,” and “Therapeutic Advances,” were used, and inclusion criteria favored recent and complete publications. The results indicated significant advances in the use of psychedelics, such as psilocybin, in treating resistant depression and MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies showed rapid and sustained improvements in depressive symptoms, while MDMA, combined with assisted psychotherapy, significantly reduced PTSD symptoms. These effects are attributed to the interaction with serotonergic receptors, promoting neuroplasticity and reorganization of neural networks, enabling profound psychological transformation. Despite the progress, ethical, legal, and operational challenges remain. Many psychedelics are still classified as high-risk substances, hindering their regulation and clinical use. Additionally, training specialized professionals and ensuring safety in therapeutic settings are crucial aspects to expand the application of these substances. In conclusion, psychedelics represent an innovative frontier in the treatment of mental disorders, with the potential to revolutionize psychiatry. However, overcoming regulatory and societal barriers, as well as investing in long-term research and professional training, is essential for their full integration into health systems.", "journal": "Health and Society", "publication_date": "2025-01-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.51249/hs.v5i01.2377", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.51249/hs.v5i01.2377", "keywords": "Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406161181\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406161181\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083237129\",\"display_name\":\"Eduardo d’Avila Lins Lacerda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090577301\",\"display_name\":\"Bianca Medeiros Ferraz da Nóbrega\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115805620\",\"display_name\":\"Yasmin Mesquita Dias Franca Gadelha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078378743\",\"display_name\":\"Liliane Reis Teixeira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-0767\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027361986\",\"display_name\":\"Manolo Altieri Espinar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Bruna Trigueiro Carlini\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115805621\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriel Santa Cruz Lins\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101577326\",\"display_name\":\"Anthonielly Leinat Lima\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8930-7176\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031851178\",\"display_name\":\"Isabel Azevedo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2172-633X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081634701\",\"display_name\":\"Paulo Heinrich Soares Bomtempo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6146\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210210406\",\"source_display_name\":\"Health and Society\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.51249/hs.v5i01.2377\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406161181" }, { "id": 3107, "title": "Cell-type specific transcriptional modulation by psilocybin induces sustained plasticity in mouse medial prefrontal cortex", "normalized_title": "cell type specific transcriptional modulation by psilocybin induces sustained plasticity in mouse medial prefrontal cortex", "authors": "Schuler H, Zhou D, Savignac C, Cvetkovska V, Tse Y, Meccia J, Lopez J, Harutyunyan AS, Ragoussis J, Bzdok D, Bagot RC.", "abstract": "Despite enormous interest in psychedelics for psychiatric interventions, potential underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we confirm that a single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic transmission in mouse medial prefrontal cortex. Using scRNA-sequencing, we identify cell-type specific mechanisms of sustained neuroplastic effects. We show that, 24h post-psilocybin, expression of plasticity-related genes is increased in excitatory neurons and that transcription in a type of deep layer near projecting neuron, L5/6 NP, is robustly altered. Analyzing receptor expression patterns reveals that this cell-type specificity does not align with 5-HT2A expression but aligns with 5-HT2C expression patterns. Further, multivariate analyses identify psilocybin-induced gene expression patterns in L5/6 NP neurons predict 5-HT2C, but not 5-HT2A, transcript levels. Pharmacologic manipulation with a 5-HT2C antagonist attenuates the post-acute sustained effect of psilocybin on synaptic transmission, highlighting 5-HT2C signaling and L5/6 NP neurons as key mediators of psychedelic drug action’s sustained neuroplastic effects in mPFC.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-01-07", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.01.08.631940", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.08.631940", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR963790\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 862, "title": "Neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressant properties of psilocybin: A systematic review of blood biomarkers.", "normalized_title": "neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressant properties of psilocybin a systematic review of blood biomarkers", "authors": "Constantino JL, van Dalfsen JH, Massetti S, Kamphuis J, Schoevers RA.", "abstract": "Psilocybin represents a novel therapeutic approach for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) who do not respond to conventional antidepressant treatment. Investigating the influence of psilocybin on the pathophysiological processes involved in MDD could enhance our neurobiological understanding of the presumed antidepressant action mechanism. This systematic review aims to summarize the results of human studies investigating changes in blood-based biomarkers of MDD to guide future research on potentially relevant analytes that could be monitored in clinical trials. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science to retrieve studies investigating changes in serum and plasma levels of neurotrophic, immunologic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic markers. Nine studies were included, describing findings on 15 biomarkers, exclusively in healthy participants. Studies consistently reported a decrease in interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and eosinophils, and an increase in cortisol, prolactin, oxytocin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and free fatty acids following psilocybin administration. Less consistent effects were observed on interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and growth hormone. The results are in line with preclinical studies and provide initial support from human studies that psilocybin potentially leads to beneficial effects on biomarkers of MDD. However, given the limited number of studies, findings should be approached with caution prior to replication. Further research should include larger samples, clinical populations, longer-term assessment, rigorous experimental designs, and account for the potential confounding of psychological stress related to the psychedelic experience.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-06", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111251", "pubmed_id": "39788410", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111251", "keywords": "Humans, Antidepressive Agents, Biomarkers, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39788410\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 863, "title": "Clinical and preclinical evidence of psilocybin as antidepressant. A narrative review.", "normalized_title": "clinical and preclinical evidence of psilocybin as antidepressant a narrative review", "authors": "Erkizia-Santamaría I, Horrillo I, Meana JJ, Ortega JE.", "abstract": "In the rapidly growing field of psychedelic research, psilocybin (and active metabolite psilocin) has been proposed as a promising candidate in the search for novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical trials have revealed that psilocybin has a large, rapid, and persistent effect in the improvement of symptoms of depression and anxiety. The safety profile is considered favourable, with low toxicity and good tolerance. Several preclinical studies have also been carried out to determine the long-term mechanism of action of this drug. In this sense, preclinical studies in naïve animals as well as in animal models of disease have shown somewhat discrepant results in conventional tests for assessment of depression- and anxiety-like phenotype in response to psilocybin, but overall suggest positive outcomes. Additionally, several valuable assays in rodent models have been developed over the years to elucidate the neurochemical correlates of serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2AR) activation in the brain, primary molecular target of psilocin. This review aims to provide a general overview of the current and most recent literature in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin through a description of clinical trials of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and to showcase the scene in the up-to-date preclinical research. A detailed description of preclinical rodent models and experimental approaches that have been used to study the neurobiological and behavioural actions of psilocybin is provided, and potential therapeutic mechanisms of action are discussed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2025-01-05", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111249", "pubmed_id": "39778644", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111249", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Disease Models, Animal, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39778644\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 872, "title": "Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals cell type-specific and time-dependent effects of psilocybin and ketamine on gene expression", "normalized_title": "single nucleus transcriptomics reveals cell type specific and time dependent effects of psilocybin and ketamine on gene expression", "authors": "Liao C, O’Farrell E, Weiner AM, Qalieh Y, Savalia NK, Girgenti MJ, Kwan KY, Kwan AC.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT There is growing interest to investigate classic psychedelics and ketamine as therapeutics for mental illnesses. Previous studies have demonstrated that one dose of psilocybin or ketamine leads to persisting neural and behavioral changes. The durability of these effects suggests that there are likely alterations in gene expression at the transcriptional level. In this study, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the dorsal medial frontal cortex of male and female mice. Samples were collected at 1, 2, 4, 24, or 72 hours after psilocybin or ketamine administration and from control animals. At baseline, major subtypes of excitatory and GABAergic neurons selectively express particular serotonin receptor transcripts. The psilocybin-evoked differentially expressed genes in excitatory neurons are involved in synaptic plasticity, distinct from genes enriched in GABAergic neurons, which contribute to mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism, and non-neuronal glial cells. The effect of psilocybin on gene expression is time-dependent, including an early phase at 1 hour followed by a late phase at 72 hours of transcriptional response after administration, and differs from the changes following ketamine administration, which peaks at 2 - 4 hours. Collectively, the results provide a resource for understanding the cell type-specific and time-dependent changes in gene expression induced by psilocybin and ketamine in the mouse medial frontal cortex, which may underpin the drug’s long-term effects on neural circuits and behavior.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-01-03", "publication_year": 2025, "doi": "10.1101/2025.01.04.631335", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.04.631335", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR962750\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Mitochondrial Function,Animal Study,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4494, "title": "Comparative Efficacy of Hallucinogens in Treating Mood Disorders Through a Meta-Analysis of Symptom Reduction, Dosage, and Duration", "normalized_title": "comparative efficacy of hallucinogens in treating mood disorders through a meta analysis of symptom reduction dosage and duration", "authors": "Muniz, John Marco D.F.", "abstract": "Background: Hallucinogens including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ketamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (as ayahuasca), have re-emerged as potential rapid-acting treatments for mood disorders. We conducted a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials evaluating their efficacy in depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: A systematic review identified 12 trials (Total ≈ 670) meeting inclusion criteria (randomized, placebo-controlled). Data on Cohen’s d and Hedges’ g effect sizes for depression- and anxiety-related outcomes were extracted. We computed pooled effect sizes (weighted by sample size and inverse variance), performed subgroup analyses by drug, diagnosis, follow-up duration, and outcome measure type, and assessed heterogeneity (I2, Q) and funnel plot asymmetry. Results: Hallucinogen-assisted therapy showed large antidepressant and anxiolytic effects overall. The pooled Hedges’ g was 0.79 for depression and 0.87 for anxiety outcomes, favoring hallucinogens over placebo. Psilocybin and ayahuasca produced consistently large reductions in depression (g≈1.0-1.2) (Goodwin et al., 2022) (Palhano-Fontes et al., 2019) and anxiety (g≈1.0-1.1) (Ross et al., 2016) (Palhano-Fontes et al., 2019) symptoms. LSD-assisted therapy yielded robust anxiolytic effects in patients with anxiety (g1.5) (Gasser et al., 2014), with more moderate effects on depressive symptoms (g0.7) (Holze et al., 2023). Ketamine had significant, rapid antidepressant effects in major depression (g0.5 at 24 hours) (Lapidus et al., 2014), and substantial anti-suicidal effects in acutely suicidal patients (e.g., MADRS-SI item, g>3) (Domany & McCullumsmith, 2021). Between-study heterogeneity was moderate to high (I^2≈45-67%). Subgroup analysis indicated larger effects in life-threatening illness-related distress (e.g., cancer-associated anxiety/depression, g1.2-1.4) and smaller effects in treatment-resistant depression (g~0.4-0.8). Follow-up duration influenced outcomes: psychedelic effects often persisted for weeks (Holze et al., 2023) (Ross et al., 2016), whereas ketamine’s effects waned by 12 weeks (Glue et al., 2024) without continued dosing. Mechanistically, classical psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, DMT) likely act via 5-HT2A receptor agonism leading to enhanced neuroplasticity (Calder & Hasler, 2022), while ketamine’s effects involve glutamate-mediated synaptogenesis (BDNF-TrkB signaling) (Krystal et al., 2023). Conclusion: Hallucinogen-assisted therapies are associated with rapid, clinically meaningful reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms across diagnoses. Psilocybin and LSD, given with psychotherapy, showed durable benefits (weeks-months) (Holze et al., 2023) (Ross et al., 2016). Ketamine reliably produced acute antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects (Domany & McCullumsmith, 2021), though maintenance treatments are required for sustained remission. While results are encouraging, significant heterogeneity and potential publication bias were observed (funnel plots showed asymmetry). Further large-scale trials are warranted to confirm efficacy, address long-term outcomes, and optimize treatment protocols (e.g. dosing, psychotherapy integration). Keywords: hallucinogens, psychedelics, LSD, psilocybin, DMT, ketamine, depression, anxiety, meta-analysis, suicidal ideation", "journal": "Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://stars.library.ucf.edu/hut2024/268", "keywords": "Anxiety, Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Mood, Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, Psychology, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Anxiety disorder, Clinical psychology, Distress, Mood disorders, Medicine, Ayahuasca, Anxiogenic, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Major depressive disorder, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Clinical trial, Randomized controlled trial, Generalized anxiety disorder, Dissociative, Benzodiazepine, Placebo, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7112971088\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7112971088\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Muniz, John Marco D.F.\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210172555\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/hut2024/268\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7112971088" }, { "id": 4491, "title": "Psilocybin rewires specific mouse cortical networks in lasting ways", "normalized_title": "psilocybin rewires specific mouse cortical networks in lasting ways", "authors": "Siddhant Pusdekar", "abstract": "", "journal": "The Transmitter", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.53053/pkim3530", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.53053/pkim3530", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Psilocybin, Psychology, Central nervous system, Biology, Cerebral cortex, Hippocampus, Cortical neurons, Computer science, Medicine, Neural activity, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110395006\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110395006\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3021105102\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4409147414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4414845973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4417046154\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Siddhant Pusdekar\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210215635\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Transmitter\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.53053/pkim3530\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7110395006" }, { "id": 4485, "title": "Psychedelics induced modulation of motor recovery after stroke", "normalized_title": "psychedelics induced modulation of motor recovery after stroke", "authors": "Koschützke, Leif", "abstract": "Post-stroke rehabilitation primarily relies on physiotherapy, yet functional gains plateau in many survivors. Classical “psychoplastogens” such as Psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are high-affinity 5-HT2A agonists, promoting dendritic spine density and synaptogenesis and therefore support reorganisation after ischemic insults. In a mouse model, we will systematically test whether psychedelics can support functional recovery after stroke in combination with rehabilitation training. Prior to ischemia, mice will be habituated and trained in all behavior tests for 14 days. Using a photothrombotic stroke model (PT) or middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), a 7-Tesla MRI will be used to measure lesion volume and localization 24 hours after ischemia. Beginning on post-stroke day 1, mice will receive either psilocybin (1-2mg/kg BW) or DMT (10mg/kg BW) once (day 1) or receive DMT (2mg/kg BW) in a low-dose scheme every other day for 28 days. A fourth group will be injected with a vehicle solution (PBS or saline). Motor function will be quantified and tested in a weekly interval with a multi-level kinematic battery: Staircase, irregular ladder rung, treadmill. Resting state fMRI will be acquired 28 days after the ischemic event. At the end of the experiment, brains will be prepared, immunostained for c-FOS and imaged with a lightsheet and confocal microscopes. Using different published pipelines, we will perform Allen-atlas registration and automated cell segmentation for unbiased brain-wide activity mapping. Post-ischemic T2-lesion volume, stable vital parameters and achievement of acceptable baseline kinematics will determine inclusion. A vital component of filling the gap between acute lysis or thrombectomy and long-term focused physiotherapy is to investigate whether psychedelics can restore motor function in the post-acute phase of ischemic insults.", "journal": "Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung Fachgruppe ZEBET - Datenbank und Informationsbeschaffung Abteilung Experimentelle Toxikologie und ZEBET", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.17590/asr.0000411", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17590/asr.0000411", "keywords": "Stroke (engine), Medicine, Rehabilitation, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Kinematics, Neuroscience, Stroke recovery, Lesion, Cardiology, Infarction, Ischemic stroke, Cerebral infarction, Balance (ability), Neuroplasticity, Acute stroke, Lateralization of brain function, Occlusion, Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7104933563\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7104933563\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Koschützke, Leif\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407053495\",\"source_display_name\":\"Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung Fachgruppe ZEBET - Datenbank und Informationsbeschaffung Abteilung Experimentelle Toxikologie und ZEBET\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17590/asr.0000411\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7104933563" }, { "id": 4483, "title": "In Silico Evaluation of Tryptamine-Derived Schiff Bases as Modulators of the Serotonin 5-HT₂A Receptor", "normalized_title": "in silico evaluation of tryptamine derived schiff bases as modulators of the serotonin 5 ht₂a receptor", "authors": "Marina D. Kostić, Jana Nedić, Jovana S. Dragojević, Vera M. Divac", "abstract": "Serotonin receptors, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, are a diverse family of G protein-coupled and ligand-gated ion channel receptors that mediate the physiological effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin. These receptors are widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they regulate numerous processes including mood, cognition, thermoregulation, appetite, and gastrointestinal function. To date, seven distinct receptor families (5-HT₁ to 5-HT₇) comprising multiple subtypes have been identified, each exhibiting unique pharmacological profiles, signal transduction mechanisms, and tissue-specific expression. Due to their broad functional relevance, serotonin receptors are key therapeutic targets in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and migraine. Continued investigation into their structure-function relationships, signaling pathways, and ligand specificity holds significant promise for the development of more selective and effective pharmacological agents. The 5-HT₂A receptor is one of the most extensively studied subtypes of the serotonin receptor family due to its prominent role in both normal physiology and various neuropsychiatric conditions. The 5-HT₂A receptor is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex, especially in pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex, where it plays a critical role in modulating perception, cognition, and mood. It has been implicated in the pathophysiology of disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety, and is the principal target of many atypical antipsychotics and hallucinogenic compounds, including LSD and psilocybin. Activation of 5- HT₂A receptors by psychedelic agents is thought to underlie their profound effects on consciousness, suggesting a central role for this receptor in shaping subjective experience and higher-order cognitive functions. Ongoing research is exploring the therapeutic potential of selective 5-HT₂A modulation in treating mood disorders and facilitating psychotherapy, while also investigating the complex signaling pathwys and receptor interactions that influence its pharmacology. In this study, molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding interactions of a series of tryptamine-based Schiff base compounds with the 5-HT₂A receptor. The three-dimensional structure of the receptor was obtained from available crystallographic data and prepared by refining the active site and removing any co-crystallized ligands. Ligands were constructed and energy-minimized using standard force fields to ensure accurate conformations for docking. Docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock Vina, with a defined grid box centered on the orthosteric binding site known to accommodate serotonin and related ligands. The docking data were analyzed to identify key hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic contacts between the Schiff base ligands and crucial residues of the 5-HT₂A receptor in order to provide better insight into structure-activity relationships and offer a foundation for rational design of novel serotonergic ligands with potential psychoactive or therapeutic properties. The results have shown that quinoline-based Schiff base expressed the highest affinity towards the receptor, even greater than the known agonist serotonin, LSD and psilocybin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.46793/iccbikg25.477k", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.46793/iccbikg25.477k", "keywords": "Receptor, Neuroscience, Functional selectivity, Serotonin, 5-HT receptor, Signal transduction, Neurotransmitter, Biology, Neurotransmitter receptor, Metabotropic receptor, 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT1 receptor, Central nervous system, Pharmacology, In silico, G protein-coupled receptor, Serotonin Antagonists, Class C GPCR, Neurotransmission, Ligand-gated ion channel, 5-HT2A receptor, Molecular Pharmacology, Ion channel linked receptors, Ion channel, Rhodopsin-like receptors, Neuropharmacology, Glutamate receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416739362\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416739362\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053122308\",\"display_name\":\"Marina D. Kostić\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-4470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5120433051\",\"display_name\":\"Jana Nedić\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116584336\",\"display_name\":\"Jovana S. Dragojević\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054555039\",\"display_name\":\"Vera M. Divac\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-9386\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.46793/iccbikg25.477k\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416739362" }, { "id": 4477, "title": "Neurotoxic and Neuroprotective Effects of Psychedelics in a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Model", "normalized_title": "neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of psychedelics in a human neuroblastoma cell model", "authors": "Andreia Machado Brito da Costa, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Áurea Madureira-Carvalho, Diana Dias-da-Silva", "abstract": "Psychedelic compounds, including psilocybin, psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and mescaline, have long been recognized for their recreational effects and involvement in forensic cases. They have recently gained attention also for their potential therapeutic applications in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders [1]. Despite this growing interest, the toxicological profiles of these substances-particularly their neurotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms-are not well understood. It is crucial to investigate the safety and potential neuroprotective/neurotoxic properties of these compounds to evaluate their role in both therapeutic contexts and forensic investigations. This study utilized the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds through mitochondrial and lysosomal integrity assays (MTT and Neutral Red, NR). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured under standard conditions and treated with increasing concentrations of each compound for 48h to determine concentration-dependent toxicity [6 x 10-6 - 0.5 mM for psilocybin (n=22 concentrations); 1.3 x 10-5 - 1.5 mM for psilocin (n=16) and LSD (n=16); and 1.3 x 10-5 - 2.0 mM for 5-MeO-DMT (n=32) and mescaline (n=39)]. MTT and NR uptake assays were employed to evaluate cellular viability (minimum of seven independent experiments). Additionally, a neuroprotection study was conducted to assess the potential protective effects of the psychedelic compounds against glutamate-induced toxicity. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with sub-toxic concentrations of each psychedelic compound, followed by exposure to glutamate. Viability was then assessed after 48h using the MTT assay to determine whether any of the psychedelics exhibited protective properties under excitotoxic conditions (five independent experiments). Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism software and fitted according to the Logit model to determine EC50. Results were also presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical comparisons between groups were done using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. The concentration-response results from MTT and NR assays revealed distinct neurotoxicity profiles across the psychedelic compounds. Psilocybin did not reach an EC50 within the tested concentration range, suggesting minimal or no significant toxicity under the assay conditions. Psilocin exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, with EC50 values of 0.42 mM (MTT) and 0.69 mM (NR), indicating that it reduced cell viability at relatively lower concentrations than psilocybin. LSD showed the highest cytotoxicity among the tested compounds, with EC50 values of 0.23 mM (MTT) and 0.57 mM (NR), suggesting substantial effects on both mitochondrial activity and lysosomal integrity at lower concentrations. 5-MeO-DMT and mescaline demonstrated comparatively lower toxicity, with higher EC50 values in both assays (1.17-1.69 mM), indicating that these compounds affected cell viability only at higher concentrations. Concerning their neuroprotective potential, pre-treatment with these compounds did not significantly mitigate glutamate-induced toxicity, indicating limited neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest that psychedelics exhibit differential neurotoxicity profiles in SH-SY5Y cells, with LSD and psilocin showing higher neurotoxic potency compared to psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT, and mescaline, making them comparatively safer under the conditions tested. However, pre-treatment with these compounds did not significantly mitigate glutamate-induced toxicity, indicating limited neuroprotective potential in this model. In future studies, we intend to clarify the mechanisms responsible for their cytotoxicity.", "journal": "RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.51126/revsalus.v7isup.1031", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.51126/revsalus.v7isup.1031", "keywords": "Neuroprotection, Neuroblastoma, Neuroscience, Biology, Cell culture, Genetics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411369954\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4411369954\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Andreia Machado Brito da Costa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Áurea Madureira-Carvalho\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Diana Dias-da-Silva\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210173156\",\"source_display_name\":\"RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.51126/revsalus.v7isup.1031\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mitochondrial Function,In Vitro Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411369954" }, { "id": 4474, "title": "Long-term effects of single-dose psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract in the SAPAP3 model of OCD-like behavior", "normalized_title": "long term effects of single dose psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract in the sapap3 model of ocd like behavior", "authors": "Michal Brownstien", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2025.105450", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.105450", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Term (time), Psychology, Mushroom, Cognitive psychology, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Physics, Food science, Quantum mechanics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408525624\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408525624\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066003352\",\"display_name\":\"Michal Brownstien\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2025.105450\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408525624" }, { "id": 4472, "title": "Uncovering the dynamics of psilocybin in human neural pain circuits with intracranial neural recordings", "normalized_title": "uncovering the dynamics of psilocybin in human neural pain circuits with intracranial neural recordings", "authors": "Tess L. Veuthey, Prasad Shirvalkar", "abstract": "", "journal": "Brain stimulation", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.brs.2024.12.653", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2024.12.653", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Biological neural network, Neuroscience, Dynamics (music), Neural activity, Psychology, Computer science, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Pedagogy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407933975\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4407933975\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056086395\",\"display_name\":\"Tess L. Veuthey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-6381\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054350556\",\"display_name\":\"Prasad Shirvalkar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-7975\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S177350161\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brain stimulation\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2024.12.653\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407933975" }, { "id": 4468, "title": "The effects of psychedelics on neuroplasticity: A review of current research and the possibility of therapeutic application in psychiatry", "normalized_title": "the effects of psychedelics on neuroplasticity a review of current research and the possibility of therapeutic application in psychiatry", "authors": "Mile Jevtić", "abstract": "Psychedelics are psychoactive substances that cause changes in perception, state of consciousness, mood and numerous cognitive processes. The best known are lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin and mescaline. The main mechanism of action of psychedelics is agonism towards serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. In the middle of the 20th century, interest in the use of psychedelics in treatment of affective disorders and addiction disease arose, but due to political pressure and the potential danger of uncontrolled use, they were banned in the 1970s. In the absence of innovations in treatment and new psychopharmacological agents, the potential of psychedelics in the treatment of mental disorders has again been the focus of research in recent decades. In this paper, the neurobiology of psychedelics will be presented in the light of current research on their effects on neural networks and neuroplasticity, and therefore the possibilities of therapeutic application in psychiatry. Also, recent research will be presented with an emphasis on randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studies in which the effectiveness of the use of psychedelics in the treatment of depression and disorders caused by the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances was examined. Findings so far indicate that psychedelics may be a promising new approach for the treatment of mental disorders, but the use of psychedelics for these purposes raises not only bioethical, but also new legal issues.", "journal": "Engrami", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.5937/engrami47-57385", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5937/engrami47-57385", "keywords": "Neuroplasticity, Psychology, Neuroscience, Psychotherapist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413629699\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413629699\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996863528\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034106456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154766235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156152318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739110661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953529230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991597523\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3028134743\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096702808\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210183659\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221031753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146113\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313639781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380371967\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398221612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401774886\",\"https://openalex.org/W4408424120\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119430903\",\"display_name\":\"Mile Jevtić\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210171343\",\"source_display_name\":\"Engrami\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5937/engrami47-57385\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413629699" }, { "id": 903, "title": "Benefits and Challenges of Ultra-Fast, Short-Acting Psychedelics in the Treatment of Depression.", "normalized_title": "benefits and challenges of ultra fast short acting psychedelics in the treatment of depression", "authors": "Ramaekers JG, Reckweg JT, Mason NL.", "abstract": "Unlike classical antidepressants, psychedelics such as psilocybin have been shown to induce a rapid antidepressant response. In the wake of this development, interest has emerged in ultra-fast, short-acting psychedelics such as 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) with the expectation that these can produce rapid antidepressant effects following an intense but brief psychedelic intervention. The current paper reviews the clinical pharmacology of 5-MeO-DMT and DMT and their potential benefits and challenges in the treatment of depression. Both compounds display affinities for a variety of monoamine receptors and transporters, but mostly so for serotonergic (5HT) receptors, including 5HT1A and 5HT2A. Early clinical trials in small samples have shown that short interventions (15-30 min) with 5-MeO-DMT and DMT are safe and well tolerated and can induce marked improvement in symptoms of depression within 24 hours that sustain for at least 1 week. Data on long-term efficacy are currently scarce but do suggest a prolongation of the treatment response. Potential benefits of these treatments include flexible, single day dosing regimens, achievement of treatment efficacy independent from integrative therapy, and ease of clinical implementation. Future challenges include establishing the duration of the antidepressant effect and strategies on how to sustain the antidepressant response, optimization of treatment delivery parameters, and a mechanistic understanding of the clinical response. Acceptance of ultra-fast, short-acting psychedelics will depend on future randomized, placebo-controlled trials with a focus on replication, duration and maintenance of antidepressant efficacy in large patient samples.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp.20230890", "pubmed_id": "39741439", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230890", "keywords": "Humans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39741439\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 887, "title": "Molecular brain imaging of psychedelic action.", "normalized_title": "molecular brain imaging of psychedelic action", "authors": "Cumming P, Egger K, Knudsen GM", "abstract": "Molecular brain imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computer-tomography (SPECT) entails the mapping of the cerebral distribution of radiopharmaceuticals that track physiological processes such as blood perfusion and glucose metabolism, or the abundance in brain of specific molecular targets such as neuroreceptors. PET and SPECT emerged as useful in vivo research technologies in the 1980s, finding early application in the study of psychostimulant drugs. The past decade has seen growing use of molecular imaging methods in the study of psychedelic action, although the published literature remains comparatively small. The preponderance of publications cited in this review are SPECT studies of cerebral perfusion and PET studies of metabolism and neuroreceptors, the latter mainly focusing on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 5-HT receptors, which are largely responsible for the psychedelic action of classical psychedelic substances. There is some documentation of interactions of psychedelics at dopamine Dreceptors in the striatum, but many other plausible molecular targets of psychedelic action await investigation by molecular brain imaging. The emerging role of psychedelics as treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders calls for a broader and systematic investigation of their effects on brain function.", "journal": "International review of neurobiology", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.005", "pubmed_id": "40541310", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541310/", "keywords": "Cerebral blood flow, LSD, Metabolism, Positron emission tomography (PET), Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Receptors, Single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:36", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"40541310\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 864, "title": "Early psilocybin intervention alleviates behavioral despair and cognitive impairment in stressed Wistar rats", "normalized_title": "early psilocybin intervention alleviates behavioral despair and cognitive impairment in stressed wistar rats", "authors": "Zitong Wang, Brett Robbins, Ryan Zhuang, Thaísa Meira Sandini, Rebekah van Bruggen, Xin-Min Li, Yanbo Zhang", "abstract": "Chronic stress exerts profound effects on mental health, contributing to disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This study examines the potential of psilocybin to alleviate behavioral despair and cognitive deficits in a rodent model of chronic stress, focusing on the interplay between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). Twenty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and stress groups. Animals within the stress group were exposed to predator odor and chronic social instability to induce chronic stress, and were either sham treated, or given psilocybin. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Open Field Test, Sucrose Preference Test, Novel Object Recognition, Elevated Plus Maze, and Forced Swimming Test to evaluate locomotion, anhedonia, memory, anxiety, and behavioral despair, respectively. Blood and brain samples were analyzed for biochemical markers. Results indicated that psilocybin significantly reduced stress-induced behavioral despair and cognitive impairments, likely through ECS-mediated downregulation of the HPA axis. These findings suggest that early intervention with psilocybin has sustained beneficial effects on stress-related behavioral and cognitive disturbances, underscoring its potential as a novel therapeutic approach for stress-related mental health disorders. • Early psilocybin intervention significantly ameliorates chronic stress-induced behavioral changes. • Early psilocybin intervention downregulates stress-induced HPA-axis hyperactivity. • Early psilocybin intervention restores BDNF levels and enhanced activation of BDNF-mTOR signaling in the mediation of TrkB. • Early psilocybin intervention dampens the stress-induced ECS dysregulation.", "journal": "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-12-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111243", "pubmed_id": "39756636", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111243", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Intervention (counseling), Psychology, Cognitive impairment, Cognition, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": 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Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3564-5223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103075741\",\"display_name\":\"Brett Robbins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0540-7751\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Ryan Zhuang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028136846\",\"display_name\":\"Thaísa Meira Sandini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-4243\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004119835\",\"display_name\":\"Rebekah van Bruggen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1487-1918\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100678721\",\"display_name\":\"Xin-Min Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-8590\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100732244\",\"display_name\":\"Yanbo Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-157X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142279999\",\"source_display_name\":\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111243\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406062303" }, { "id": 4504, "title": "Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Comprehensive Insight of Ketamine Infusion Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy", "normalized_title": "treatment resistant depression a comprehensive insight of ketamine infusion therapy transcranial magnetic stimulation tms and psychedelic assisted psychotherapy", "authors": "Mohammad Ali, Urbah Viqar", "abstract": "Background: The phenomenon of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a problem in the sphere of mental health treatment since the majority of patients do not experience positive effects while receiving traditional treatments. Newer therapies are ketamine infusion therapy for depression, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy give new hope. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ketamine infusion therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy as new treatment strategies in patients with TRD. Ketamine, which belongs to the class of NMDA receptor antagonists, has been seen to have rapid and efficient anti-depressant effects. Study Design: Retrospective review. Settings: Islamabad, Pakistan. Duration: One year and six months from December 2022 to June 2024. Methods: This study employed a systematic review methodology, searching major medical and psychological databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) using keywords and MeSH terms related to treatment-resistant depression, ketamine infusion therapy, TMS, and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Focus was on clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and observational studies, while excluding animal studies, case reports, and non-peer-reviewed articles. Results: The review yielded 80 studies, comprising 55 clinical trials, 10 meta-analyses, 10 systematic reviews, and 5 observational studies. The results showed that ketamine infusion therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes for treatment-resistant depression. Conclusion: The review shows that ketamine infusion therapy and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are promising treatments for treatment-resistant depression, providing significant clinical improvements", "journal": "Annals of Punjab Medical College", "publication_date": "2024-12-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.29054/apmc/2024.1658", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2024.1658", "keywords": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Ketamine, Depression (economics), Treatment-resistant depression, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Psychology, Stimulation, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Mood, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408418352\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408418352\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077300734\",\"display_name\":\"Mohammad Ali\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4685-5050\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5116614485\",\"display_name\":\"Urbah Viqar\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210213717\",\"source_display_name\":\"Annals of Punjab Medical College\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2024.1658\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Observational Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408418352" }, { "id": 920, "title": "Neuropsychological profiles of patients suffering from hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD): A comparative analysis with psychedelic-using and non-using controls", "normalized_title": "neuropsychological profiles of patients suffering from hallucinogen persisting perception disorder hppd a comparative analysis with psychedelic using and non using controls", "authors": "Georg Leistenschneider, Tomislav Majić, Simon Reiche, Thomas Riemer", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are showing promising effects in treating certain psychiatric disorders. Despite their low toxicity and lack of an addictive potential, in some individuals, psychedelics can be associated with persisting psychological harms. Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is one of those complications, a rare disorder characterized by enduring perceptual symptoms without impaired reality control. While the phenomenological aspects of HPPD have been characterized, the neuropsychological consequences have remained understudied. This study probes the neuropsychological profiles of eight individuals with HPPD, utilizing a comprehensive test battery. Performance is benchmarked against normative data and compared with two control groups, each comprising eight matched subjects-with and without prior psychedelic use. The assessment of individual performances revealed below average results in tests of visual memory and executive function in some subjects. No significant differences were observed in alpha-adjusted comparisons with controls, whereas unadjusted analyses were suggestive of impaired executive functions among HPPD patients. Together, these preliminary results underline the need for further focused research into the neuropsychological dimensions of HPPD.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-12-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-82216-x", "pubmed_id": "39741155", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82216-x", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Neuropsychology, Psilocybin, Psychology, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological test, Perception, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Cognition, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405921710\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405921710\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W184029120\",\"https://openalex.org/W999704416\",\"https://openalex.org/W1879682268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000083255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006859518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008071452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039087930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093220018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114629758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129290879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152569564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152849583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163926500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166423316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2295371774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413841170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2461733912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607702734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749574850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790481213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888254436\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910632137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087462486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131947593\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194325186\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200479165\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206965048\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210962567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220840388\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229061392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289745468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294127245\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318754695\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379598244\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5115715685\",\"display_name\":\"Georg Leistenschneider\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065637165\",\"display_name\":\"Tomislav Majić\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-6673\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080123719\",\"display_name\":\"Simon Reiche\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-2262\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072901635\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Riemer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-3192\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82216-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405921710" }, { "id": 684, "title": "Psilocybin increases emotional empathy in patients with major depression", "normalized_title": "psilocybin increases emotional empathy in patients with major depression", "authors": "Johannes Jungwirth, Robin von Rotz, Isabel Dziobek, Franz X. Vollenweider, Katrin H. Preller", "abstract": "Empathy plays a crucial role in interpersonal relationships and mental health. It is decreased in a variety of psychiatric disorders including major depression. Psilocybin, a promising candidate for treating depression, has been shown to acutely increase emotional empathy in healthy volunteers. However, no study has investigated this effect and its relevance for symptom improvement in a clinical population. This study examines the enduring effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on empathy in depressed patients using a randomized, placebo-controlled design. Fifty-one depressed patients were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of psilocybin (0215 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo embedded in a 4-week psychological support intervention. Empathy was measured using the Multifaceted Empathy Test at baseline and 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after substance administration. Changes in empathy were compared between treatment conditions. Patients who received psilocybin showed significant improvements in explicit emotional empathy driven by an increase in empathy towards positive stimuli compared to the placebo group for at least two weeks. This study highlights the potential of psychedelics to enhance social cognition in individuals living with depression and contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms of action of psychedelics. Further studies are necessary to investigate the interaction between social cognition and clinical efficacy.The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03715127) and KOFAM (Identifier: SNCTP000003139).", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-12-17", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-024-02875-0", "pubmed_id": "39695323", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02875-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Empathy, Psychology, Placebo, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Cognition, Medicine, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405510726\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405510726\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":18,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1582806089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992745256\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001594024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003490123\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005210865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012860496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042011957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048501566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069138677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072933323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076371757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078650938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087143426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087252276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088779903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093274439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134813353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148003635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150537415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245489791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407696122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536565412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790872326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2928737933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944434778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948321106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991157178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993940948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045713183\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180562559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202537739\",\"https://openalex.org/W3206512987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232576989\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280508917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288457129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389137509\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389900078\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391967348\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392797453\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004899435\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes Jungwirth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8142-5874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058976475\",\"display_name\":\"Robin von Rotz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-3650\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073232278\",\"display_name\":\"Isabel Dziobek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-5353\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02875-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405510726" }, { "id": 3101, "title": "Psilocybin causes sex, time, and dose dependent alterations in brain signaling pathways", "normalized_title": "psilocybin causes sex time and dose dependent alterations in brain signaling pathways", "authors": "Barnett JH, Todd KT, Benetatos J, Rabichow BE, Gibson KA, Olney KC, Fryer JD.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a psychedelic tryptamine that has emerged as a potential candidate for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including treatment resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical trials which have assessed the efficacy of psilocybin for these conditions report a rapid and sustained improvement in patient- and clinician-rated depression scores. The established mechanism of action for psychedelics such as psilocybin is agonism of the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT 2A R), however, the downstream events that mediate their therapeutic effects remain uncertain. As high doses of psychedelics are known to induce strong perceptual alterations, an additional outstanding question is whether subperceptual doses induce similar molecular effects as psychoactive dosages. Here, we report the first analysis of dose- and sex-dependent transcriptional changes in forebrains of female and male mice at 3 timepoints (8 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days) following a single administration of psilocybin at low (0.25 mg/kg) or high (1 mg/kg) doses. Grouped analysis of both sexes reveals dose- and time-dependent transcriptomic alterations. We report more rapid transcriptional changes and attenuation of such changes in females following a single low-dose relative to males treated identically. Females also responded more robustly to high-dose administration relative to males at 8 and 24 hours, with signal attenuation in both sexes by 7 days. A notable observation was the persistent transcriptional effect of low-dose psilocybin at 7 days, which outlasted high-dose changes, and which suggests that low doses may have prolonged biological effects. A myriad of pathways were altered depending on sex and timepoint, but common features included functions related to neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis, and changes in receptor signaling. These data reveal dose- and sex-dependent molecular effects of psilocybin and support previous studies demonstrating its effect on dendritogenesis. Given ongoing clinical interest in psilocybin for treating mental health disorders, our results suggest that these sexually divergent changes should be considered when weighing treatment strategies. Additional consideration should be given to temporal effects of low vs high dosages on gene transcription, especially when timing psilocybin with adjuvant cognitive behavioral therapy.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-12-16", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.12.16.628764", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.16.628764", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR961267\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Neurogenesis,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Healthcare Workers,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3627, "title": "The Neurobiological Effect of 5-HT2AR Modulation", "normalized_title": "the neurobiological effect of 5 ht2ar modulation", "authors": "Gitte Moos Knudsen", "abstract": "The investigators wish to investigate neurobiological effects of serotonin 2A receptor modulation in healthy volunteers, contrasting effects of an agonist (psilocybin) and an antagonist (ketanserin). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) will be used as neuroimaging tools. This project applies an experimental medicine strategy coupled with human functional and molecular neuroimaging to elucidate the effects of 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) modulation on brain function and mood in healthy individuals. We compare psilocybin (5-HT2AR agonist) and ketanserin (5-HT2AR antagonist) effects on brain function to identify neural mechanisms mediating the clinical effects of psilocybin and, more broadly, to establish this comparative strategy as a pathway for delineating pharmacological effects on the brain in humans.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-12-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03289949", "keywords": "Basic Science, Psilocybine, Psilocybin, Ketanserin, Ketensin, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT03289949\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4510, "title": "Chronic pain education: past, present, and future of psychedelics for the management of chronic pain", "normalized_title": "chronic pain education past present and future of psychedelics for the management of chronic pain", "authors": "Christopher L. Robinson, Pawan Solanki, S Snyder, Adam Amir, Antje M. Barreveld, Rory Vu Mather, Ivo H. Cerda, Michael Motoc, Harman Chopra, R. Jason Yong, Joel Castellanos, Timothy Furnish, Alan D. Kaye, Vwaire Orhurhu, Trent Emerick", "abstract": "Known for their capacity to alter perception and consciousness, psychedelics are increasingly being explored for therapeutic applications in treating conditions such chronic pain, major depressive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.1,2 Despite historical stigmas and legal restrictions, recent changes in legislation and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognition are driving renewed interest in these substances. To keep pace with this expanding field, medical education needs to integrate formal training on psychedelics. This report addresses the history, pharmacology, current state of psychedelic education, and outlines a proposed curriculum to prepare future clinicians for the evolving landscape. Classic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and N, N-dimethyltryptamine, primarily act as 5HT2A receptor partial agonists, influencing areas of the brain involved in mood, perception, and decision-making.1 Historically, these substances were used in spiritual and cultural rituals for thousands of years. The discovery of LSD in 1938 by Albert Hofmann marked the beginning of modern psychedelic research, with psychedelics gaining widespread popularity in the 1950s and 60s. Activation of these receptors increases glutamate release, an excitatory neurotransmitter, disrupting neural circuits, and contributing to the effects of these drugs. Research has demonstrated that psychedelics can promote synaptic growth, release oxytocin, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects.3 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that psilocybin can disrupt connections between the anterior hippocampus and the default mode network, potentially explaining some therapeutic effects.4 Psychedelics have a dose-dependent effect profile (Table 1). Low doses, known as microdosing, may cause mild side effects such as nausea and mood changes, while moderate doses can induce pronounced hallucinations, anxiety, and physiological changes.5 “Heroic dosing,” or very high/macro doses, can lead to intense hallucinations and significant cardiovascular effects.5 Research supports microdosing for conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression, while macrodoses show promise in treating depression, substance use disorders, and end-of-life anxiety.6 Challenges include side effects, legal restrictions, and the need for careful clinical oversight. Summary of psychedelic dosing strategies and known side effects. Actual dosages are not given. However, societal concerns led to the passage of the Controlled Substance Act in 1970, classifying most psychedelics as Schedule I drugs, indicating a theoretically “high” potential for abuse with no accepted medical use.7 This designation significantly restricted research.7 In recent years, attitudes have shifted, with the FDA granting “breakthrough therapy designation” to some psychedelics such as psilocybin. This status has facilitated research into their therapeutic potential. From 2015 to 2020, psychedelic use among people over age 12 increased by over 40% in the United States with over 7.1 million reporting use between 2019 and 2020.8 Despite the increase in use, the integration of psychedelic education in medical training is limited. Psychedelic-related curricula has had a growing interest and there are positive attitudes among medical students toward psychedelics’ therapeutic potential, despite limited formal knowledge.9 Informal educational models such as interest groups, journal clubs, and lecture series, such as the Stanford Psychedelic Science Group, offer insights into the field but are not standardized across medical schools. There is a call for support from influential organizations that shape medical curricula, starting with individual medical school curriculum committees and continuing into residency and fellowship programs. Pain medicine, in particular, could benefit from incorporating psychedelic education into the International Association for the Study of Pain’s (IASP) curriculum, which already emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach.10 Organizations such as the American Board of Anesthesiology could utilize these updated educational outlines to prepare future physicians for board examinations that include emerging therapies. The ethical, legal, and cultural complexities surrounding psychedelics pose significant barriers to their inclusion in formal medical curricula. Ethical concerns focus on ensuring safety and efficacy while balancing the potential for misuse with patient autonomy and informed consent. Legally, psychedelics remain Schedule I substances, similar to cannabis, creating a complicated landscape for research and clinical use. The federal classification and varying state laws complicate prescribing capabilities and highlight the need for clinicians to stay informed about changing regulations. Culturally, psychedelics carry a stigma from their association with the counterculture movements of the 1960s and the “war on drugs.” Shifting public perception toward acceptance involves addressing these historical biases while emphasizing the need for scientific rigor in psychedelic research. A psychedelic curriculum should begin in the preclinical years of medical education and continue through clinical training (Table 2). This approach would establish a foundational understanding of mechanisms of action, historical perspectives, therapeutic use cases, and current research trends. Preclinical training should involve didactic lectures, online modules, small group discussions, standardized patient simulations, and guest lectures from experts in the field. Preclinical, clinical, and interdisciplinary learning objectives for a psychedelic curriculum. Definition of hallucinogens (general) Definition of psychedelics ○ Mechanism of action ○ Description of subclasses (phenethylamines, tryptamines, and ergolines) ○ Prototypical substances of each class Epidemiology of psychedelic drugs History of psychedelics in medicine Obtaining a psychedelic-oriented history and physical exam Counseling strategies for informing patients on psychedelic use cases Performing a risk assessment for patients using psychedelic drugs Describing the evidence-base for psychedelics in medicine Crisis management/overdose strategies Critical review of literature on health-related benefits and risks Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics ○ Common dosages ○ Routes of administration ○ Side effects/medication interactions Current legal framework surrounding psychedelics Ethical considerations (autonomy, informed consent, and misuse potential) Therapeutic use cases/future potential In clinical training, the focus would shift to applying foundational knowledge in patient care and research, covering risk assessment, patient counseling, crisis management, and legal considerations. Simulation techniques, such as virtual reality, could help students experience the effects of psychedelics firsthand. Educational content should include clinical vignettes and interdisciplinary panels on psychedelic-assisted therapy. Residency and fellowship programs could tailor the curriculum for specific specialties, such as emergency medicine, anesthesiology, psychiatry, and pain medicine. The learning objectives should align with each specialty’s unique requirements to ensure relevance and educational benefit. The rapid increase in psychedelic research and changing attitudes toward these substances present both an opportunity and a challenge for medical education. While psychedelics show promise in treating chronic pain and mental health conditions, the lack of formal training could hinder their safe and effective integration into medical practice when approved. Additionally, no psychedelic is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for any indication and with the growing recreational interest, more education surrounding the side effects and management of overdose is crucial. By incorporating psychedelic education early into medical curricula, we can better prepare healthcare professionals to expand therapeutic options and improve patient outcomes. Question 1: Which of the following mechanisms is primarily involved in the action of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)? Dopamine receptor antagonism GABA receptor agonism 5HT2A receptor agonism NMDA receptor antagonism Acetylcholine receptor antagonism Correct Answer: C Dopamine receptor antagonism-Dopamine receptor antagonism is commonly associated with antipsychotic medications (haloperidol and olanzapine) rather than psychedelics. Antipsychotics are used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder by dampening dopamine signaling, which can help alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. GABA receptor agonism-GABA receptor agonism typically induces anxiolytic effects and can be seen with medications such as benzodiazepines. These medications enhance GABA’s effects, leading to sedation, relaxation, and anxiolytic properties. 5HT2A receptor agonism. Classic psychedelics, such as LSD and psilocybin, exert their effects primarily through the agonism of 5HT2A receptors, which are involved in mood, perception, and cognitive processes. NMDA receptor antagonism. NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonism involves blocking glutamate activity at NMDA receptors, which plays a role in excitatory neurotransmission. NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, can produce dissociative and anesthetic effects rather than the perceptual changes seen with psychedelics. Its dissociative effects differ from the typical hallucinogenic experience produced by classic psychedelics, which involve serotonin receptor activity. Acetylcholine receptor antagonism. Acetylcholine receptor antagonism affects acetylcholine neurotransmission. Anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine and atropine, can lead to sedation, dry mouth, confusion, and hallucinations. Question 2: A63-year-old woman with a history of chronic lower back pain with a recent exacerbation presents to the emergency department with complaints of muscle rigidity, agitation, and confusion after consumption of mushrooms. Physical exam demonstrates a hyperreflexia, mydriasis, ocular clonus, and diaphoresis. Which of the following was most likely responsible for this patient’s presentation? Ibuprofen Ketamine Scopolamine Sodium naproxen Tramadol Correct Answer: E Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen does not cause serotonin syndrome as it has no action on the serotonin receptor. Ketamine. Though ketamine does not cause serotonin syndrome, it can lead to similar symptoms such as agitation, confusion, and hallucinations but does not lead to muscle rigidity, ocular clonus, or hyperreflexia. Ketamine does cause vertical nystagmus. Scopolamine. Scopolamine can lead to anti-cholinergic symptoms such as confusion and mydriasis but does not cause muscle rigidity or diaphoresis. Rather, scopolamine can result in anhidrosis. Sodium naproxen. Sodium naproxen does not cause serotonin syndrome as it has no action on the serotonin receptor. Tramadol. Tramadol is a synthetic opioid that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Given the patient’s recent exacerbation of her lower back pain, she may have been prescribed tramadol. Since psilocybin is a partial agonist at the serotonin receptor, the accumulation of serotonin due to tramadol resulted in this patient having serotonin syndrome. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include agitation, diaphoresis, spontaneous clonus, ocular clonus, tremor, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, and mydriasis. Authors received no funding for this publication. Conflicts of interest: T.E. is an equity owner at Vanish Therapeutics, Inc. A.B. is an Advisor for Lin Health. C.L.R. is a content writer for TrueLearn, advisor for Doc2Doc and AugMend Health. IC is a consultant for Layer Health.", "journal": "Pain Medicine", "publication_date": "2024-12-09", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1093/pm/pnae124", "pubmed_id": "39658247", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnae124", "keywords": "Pain medicine, Anesthesiology, Medicine, Chronic pain, Perioperative, Family medicine, Psychiatry, Surgery, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405231848\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405231848\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293426683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392660340\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394873441\",\"https://openalex.org/W4400729513\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053072299\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher L. Robinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-9056\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003310993\",\"display_name\":\"Pawan Solanki\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-2556\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060622712\",\"display_name\":\"S Snyder\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9372-4907\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Adam Amir\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070484884\",\"display_name\":\"Antje M. Barreveld\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-2797\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044998120\",\"display_name\":\"Rory Vu Mather\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-9732\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078643778\",\"display_name\":\"Ivo H. Cerda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-9841\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019403803\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Motoc\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090111607\",\"display_name\":\"Harman Chopra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-278X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028495644\",\"display_name\":\"R. Jason Yong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-9621\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017645194\",\"display_name\":\"Joel Castellanos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7365-7260\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000306300\",\"display_name\":\"Timothy Furnish\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-3366\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018558604\",\"display_name\":\"Alan D. Kaye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-0187\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023698042\",\"display_name\":\"Vwaire Orhurhu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-738X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076378104\",\"display_name\":\"Trent Emerick\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-5946\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S191903559\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pain Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnae124\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Microdosing,Spirituality,Review Article,Animal Study,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Drug Interactions,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405231848" }, { "id": 809, "title": "Treatment Expectancies and Psilocybin vs Escitalopram for Depression", "normalized_title": "treatment expectancies and psilocybin vs escitalopram for depression", "authors": "Ethan G. Dutcher, Andrew D. Krystal", "abstract": "This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines the association between treatment expectancies and the relative efficacy of psilocybin compared with escitalopram for major depressive disorder.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-12-09", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4387", "pubmed_id": "39653344", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4387", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Escitalopram, Psychology, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405172984\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405172984\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1592228396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992823464\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391953134\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078546509\",\"display_name\":\"Ethan G. Dutcher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-3309\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042168269\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew D. Krystal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-781X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2495708506\",\"source_display_name\":\"JAMA Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4387\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405172984" }, { "id": 928, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine dependence: a case report involving daily methamphetamine use", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine dependence a case report involving daily methamphetamine use", "authors": "Jonathan Brett, Elizabeth Knock, Kathy Watson, Steven M. Albert, Krista J. Siefried, Jeffrey Guss", "abstract": "Methamphetamine (MA) dependence leads to severe physical and psychological issues. Current treatments, including psychosocial therapies and residential rehabilitation, face limitations such as high relapse rates, cost, and accessibility issues. As a result, there is an urgent need for novel approaches to treat MA dependence that are effective, affordable, and accessible to patients. Psilocybin, the active component in numerous mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus, has shown potential for enhancing psychotherapy for various addiction and mental health issues due to its effects on perception, cognition, and affect. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAT) has demonstrated initial safety and efficacy in treating alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine dependence. The case presented here describes a 36-year-old transwoman and daily MA user, who participated in a single-arm open-label clinical trial assessing feasibility and safety of PAT for MA dependence at St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney. Following inpatient withdrawal management and one session of psilocybin-assisted therapy, she experienced significant cognitive and emotional shifts and sustained MA abstinence. She reported improved mental health over 3 months following treatment completion. She also noted increased self-esteem, mindfulness, and distress tolerance. This study suggests that PAT (following inpatient MA withdrawal management) may offer a scalable, safe, and effective approach for treating MA dependence. However, further research is required to confirm the generalisability and efficacy of PAT for broader populations of people using MA. It is encouraging that this participant, a daily MA user, showed improvements in mood and cognition, in addition to abstinence from MA.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-12-05", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1490907", "pubmed_id": "39713770", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1490907", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Methamphetamine, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405122998\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405122998\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1924347018\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989346195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000961004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106369261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130544434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2754028604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2763897668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981405421\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010839704\",\"https://openalex.org/W3174234800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195045424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214511680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246595021\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249317412\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286494502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324145541\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385661344\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391840511\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090300123\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Brett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-7495\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042111294\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Knock\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109187755\",\"display_name\":\"Kathy Watson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049197924\",\"display_name\":\"Steven M. Albert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-9956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040818661\",\"display_name\":\"Krista J. Siefried\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-3325\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026405762\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Guss\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1490907\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Case Report,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405122998" }, { "id": 932, "title": "Synergistic, multi-level understanding of psychedelics: three systematic reviews and meta-analyses of their pharmacology, neuroimaging and phenomenology.", "normalized_title": "synergistic multi level understanding of psychedelics three systematic reviews and meta analyses of their pharmacology neuroimaging and phenomenology", "authors": "Shinozuka K, Jerotic K, Mediano P, Zhao AT, Preller KH, Carhart-Harris R, Kringelbach ML.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics induce altered states of consciousness and have shown potential for treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and addiction. Yet their modes of action are not fully understood. Here, we provide a novel, synergistic understanding of psychedelics arising from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of three hierarchical levels of analysis: (1) subjective experience (phenomenology), (2) neuroimaging and (3) molecular pharmacology. Phenomenologically, medium and high doses of LSD yield significantly higher ratings of visionary restructuralisation than psilocybin on the 5-dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Scale. Our neuroimaging results reveal that, in general, psychedelics significantly strengthen between-network functional connectivity (FC) while significantly diminishing within-network FC. Pharmacologically, LSD induces significantly more inositol phosphate formation at the 5-HT2A receptor than DMT and psilocin, yet there are no significant between-drug differences in the selectivity of psychedelics for the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, or D2 receptors, relative to the 5-HT1A receptor. Our meta-analyses link DMT, LSD, and psilocybin to specific neural fingerprints at each level of analysis. The results show a highly non-linear relationship between these fingerprints. Overall, our analysis highlighted the high heterogeneity and risk of bias in the literature. This suggests an urgent need for standardising experimental procedures and analysis techniques, as well as for more research on the emergence between different levels of psychedelic effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-12-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-024-03187-1", "pubmed_id": "39632810", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03187-1", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Dimethoxyphenylethylamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Neuroimaging, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39632810\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5628, "title": "Differential in Vitro Activation Profiles for Psychedelic versus Non-psychedelic Ergolines at the 5-HT2A Receptor", "normalized_title": "differential in vitro activation profiles for psychedelic versus non psychedelic ergolines at the 5 ht2a receptor", "authors": "Eline Pottie, G.C. Glatfelter, M.H. Baumann, Christophe P. Stove", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics induce their characteristic subjective effects via activation of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). This structurally diverse class of drugs includes ergolines (e.g., LSD), phenethylamines (e.g., mescaline), and tryptamines (e.g., psilocin), all of which have NPS analogues that have emerged on recreational drug markets. Importantly, certain ergolines with structural similarity to LSD, such as lisuride, are unable to evoke psychedelic effects, and the underpinnings of such observations are debated and inconclusive. A selection of psychedelic and non-psychedelic LSD analogs (including lisuride, AL-LAD, and LAMPA) was tested in two in vitro cell-based 5-HT2AR activation assays. These assays monitor the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) or miniGαq, allowing the assessment of potencies and efficacies in both assays, and affording estimates of biased agonism. The known psychedelic compound AL-LAD activated 5-HT2AR in both assays with higher intrinsic efficacies (137 - 167 %) than LSD. Conversely, LAMPA, a compound with poorly defined psychedelic properties, showed slightly decreased potencies and intrinsic efficacies (87 - 89%) compared to LSD in both assays. The non-psychedelic lisuride, displayed a notably decreased efficacy (49%) in the βarr2 assay, and no perceptible recruitment of miniGαq. Collectively, our results suggest that ergoline compounds may need to reach a defined threshold of 5-HT2AR activation, in both βarr2 and miniGαq pathways, to elicit psychedelic subjective effects. This intriguing hypothesis warrants further investigation.", "journal": "Emerging Trends in Drugs Addictions and Health", "publication_date": "2024-11-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.etdah.2023.100109", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2023.100109", "keywords": "In vitro, Pharmacology, Differential (mechanical device), Chemistry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Physics, Biochemistry, Thermodynamics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405322357\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405322357\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037492481\",\"display_name\":\"Eline Pottie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-4055\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041876457\",\"display_name\":\"G.C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021177413\",\"display_name\":\"M.H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089838749\",\"display_name\":\"Christophe P. Stove\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-348X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226710\",\"source_display_name\":\"Emerging Trends in Drugs Addictions and Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2023.100109\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405322357" }, { "id": 4515, "title": "Exploring Therapeutic Potentials and Pathways of Psychedelics in Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementia", "normalized_title": "exploring therapeutic potentials and pathways of psychedelics in alzheimer s disease related dementia", "authors": "Jitendra Kumar Sinha, Shampa Ghosh, Krishna Kumar Singh, M. P. Singh, Manchala Raghunath", "abstract": "Abstract Background Traditionally associated with recreational and spiritual uses, psychedelics have gained attention in psychotherapy for their therapeutic potential. Functioning as potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) agonists, these compounds have demonstrated the ability to enhance neural plasticity by activating serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. Despite these recognized effects, their role in treating neurodegenerative disorders, particularly dementia, remains relatively unexplored. Method Recent studies have unveiled modulatory and beneficial impacts of psychedelics, including N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and Psilocybin, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related dementia. These compounds target neurotransmitter imbalances and molecularly modulate AD-related signaling pathways, such as the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, mTOR activation, and other autophagy regulators. Result The controlled administration of psychedelics, contingent on dosage, presents a novel therapeutic intervention for AD-related dementia, warranting exploration for drug development. This review critically examines existing literature on the therapeutic potential and pathways of psychedelics for AD-related dementia. Conclusion While promising, further studies are imperative to establish long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal treatment protocols. Integrating psychedelics into the treatment paradigm may offer a transformative approach to address the unmet needs of individuals with AD-related dementia and their caregivers.", "journal": "Alzheimer s & Dementia", "publication_date": "2024-11-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1002/alz.084413", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.084413", "keywords": "Dementia, Disease, Alzheimer's disease, Neuroscience, Psychology, Medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406224088\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406224088\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102799017\",\"display_name\":\"Jitendra Kumar Sinha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001883869\",\"display_name\":\"Shampa Ghosh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-7216\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136525177\",\"display_name\":\"Krishna Kumar Singh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103749697\",\"display_name\":\"M. P. Singh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070895097\",\"display_name\":\"Manchala Raghunath\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-7759\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S108427512\",\"source_display_name\":\"Alzheimer s & Dementia\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.084413\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406224088" }, { "id": 4517, "title": "Exploring Psychotherapeutic Benefits of Psilocybin and Psychedelics In Controlled Medical Settings", "normalized_title": "exploring psychotherapeutic benefits of psilocybin and psychedelics in controlled medical settings", "authors": "Arman Fard, Allison Cohen", "abstract": "Psychedelics are emerging as an effective way to combat mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, and substance abuse. Psychedelics such as psilocybin can decrease overactivity in regions of the brain that are associated with anxiety and depression; for instance, psilocybin acts as an agonist on brain receptors to induce consciousness-altering neural responses. Compared to other drugs, psilocybin’s effects are noticeable with fewer dosages and last longer than current pharmaceutical drugs used in the mental health industry. When implemented in conjunction with medical therapy, psilocybin psychotherapy has been proven to reduce depressive symptoms, aid cases of addiction by increasing sobriety, and relieve symptoms of PTSD by cultivating trust and reducing fear. By ensuring that psilocybin psychotherapy is regulated and only implemented with federal consent, medical care providers can provide the best quality of care to patients and strive to improve mental health outcomes in the United States. Therefore, the case for implementing psychedelics in the healthcare industry to combat the ramifications of mental health disorders is strong and should be welcomed and integrated into medical practice with federal regulations.", "journal": "Journal of Student Research", "publication_date": "2024-11-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.47611/jsrhs.v13i4.7602", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i4.7602", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413513275\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4413513275\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5119414242\",\"display_name\":\"Arman Fard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Allison Cohen\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2765069361\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Student Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i4.7602\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413513275" }, { "id": 725, "title": "Neurochemical characterization of 5-HT2A R partial agonists with simultaneous PET-MRI", "normalized_title": "neurochemical characterization of 5 ht2a r partial agonists with simultaneous pet mri", "authors": "Frederick A. Bagdasarian, Kristian Larsen, Deng Hong, Patrick M. Fisher, Joseph B. Mandeville, Christin Y. Sander, Hsiao-Ying Wey, Hanne D. Hansen", "abstract": "Understanding neuromodulatory effects of serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R) agonists with diverse pharmacological profiles is relevant to advancing psychedelic-related drug applications. We performed simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) in anesthetized nonhuman primates (NHP; N = 3) to examine partial agonists with varying 5-HT2A R affinities and selectivity profiles: psilocybin (30, 60, and 90 µg/kg), lisuride (5 µg/kg), and 25CN-NBOH (15 µg/kg). Receptor occupancy was assessed with [ 11 C]MDL-100907 PET, and cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes were measured with phMRI. Mixed partial agonists psilocybin and lisuride evoked biphasic CBV responses, whereas the selective 25CN-NBOH produced monophasic CBV increases. Cortical occupancy for psilocybin plateaued at 60 µg/kg (32%), whereas a lower dose of lisuride (5 µg/kg) resulted in similar occupancy (31%). Administration of 25CN-NBOH resulted in lower occupancy (7%) but larger changes in CBV compared to psilocybin and lisuride. The associations between CBV and 5-HT2A R occupancy appear linear for lisuride and 25CN-NBOH, but not for psilocybin. We speculate that the temporal and spatial differences in hemodynamic responses of the three agonists could stem from mixed affinity profiles. This work provides an understanding of pharmacological impacts of mixed serotonergic agonists being pursued as therapeutics for psychiatric conditions, offering valuable insights for future drug applications and development strategies.", "journal": "Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism", "publication_date": "2024-11-28", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/0271678x241302937", "pubmed_id": "39610321", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678x241302937", "keywords": "Neurochemical, Neuroscience, Characterization (materials science), 5-HT receptor, Chemistry, Psychology, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Materials science, Receptor, Physics, Nanotechnology, Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404864305\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404864305\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W282097497\",\"https://openalex.org/W1546274595\",\"https://openalex.org/W1874724583\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970328639\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980882035\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994263635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002758187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011919805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017046927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030773481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038588928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062800181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065218488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065619226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068427049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071881327\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082655966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088578464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112596612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115376073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125707003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131536379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142704974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157848968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2219800195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2304131176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403977700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603680724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762061855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802134968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016335247\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159614036\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220855401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235770099\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245976198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378084778\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033175481\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick A. Bagdasarian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-4494\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027814368\",\"display_name\":\"Kristian Larsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-0814\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101416995\",\"display_name\":\"Deng Hong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9164-7755\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077577798\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph B. Mandeville\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-5396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014362679\",\"display_name\":\"Christin Y. Sander\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-8615\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055559084\",\"display_name\":\"Hsiao-Ying Wey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-8489\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S89339265\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678x241302937\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404864305" }, { "id": 3157, "title": "Synergistic Behavioral and Neuroplastic Effects of Psilocybin-NMDAR Modulator Administration", "normalized_title": "synergistic behavioral and neuroplastic effects of psilocybin nmdar modulator administration", "authors": "Ben-Tal T, Pogodin I, Botvinnik A, Lifschytz T, Heresco-Levy U, Lerer B.", "abstract": "The full therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelics (SP) in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, is limited by possible adverse effects, including perceptual disturbances and psychosis, which require administration in controlled clinical environments. This study investigates the synergistic benefits of combining psilocybin (PSIL) with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators D-serine (DSER) and D-cycloserine (DCS) to enhance both efficacy and safety. Using ICR male mice, we examined head twitch response (HTR), MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion, and neuroplasticity related synaptic protein levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum. Our results indicate that PSIL significantly increased HTR-a surrogate measure for hallucinogenic effects-which was reduced by the co-administration of DSER or DCS in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, combining PSIL with DSER or DCS significantly decreased MK-801-induced hyperactivity, modeling antipsychotic effects. Neuroplasticity-related synaptic protein assays demonstrated that the PSIL-DSER combination enhanced GAP43 expression over all 4 brain examined and overall expression of the 4 assayed synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, while PSIL-DCS elevated PSD95 levels across all 4 brain regions, suggesting a synaptogenic synergy. These findings support the hypothesis that combinations of SP with NMDAR modulators could optimize the therapeutic potential of SP by mitigating adverse effects and enhancing neuroplasticity. Future studies should focus on refining administration protocols and evaluating translational applicability for broader clinical use.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-11-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.11.28.625811", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.28.625811", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR947201\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4518, "title": "Neuroimaging of Serotonergic and Psychedelic Agonist Drug Challenges in Non-Human Primates", "normalized_title": "neuroimaging of serotonergic and psychedelic agonist drug challenges in non human primates", "authors": "Ande Bagdasarian, Kristian Larsen, Patrick M. Fisher, Hanne D. Hansen, Hsiao-Ying Wey", "abstract": "Motivation: Acute effects of psychedelic drugs are under-reported in neuroimaging studies, warranting further investigation of their immediate pharmacology to explore the potential to monitor treatment response with imaging. Goal(s): Our goal was to assess acute impacts of serotonergic (psychedelic and non-psychedelic) agonists on hemodynamics in non-human primates (NHP). Approach: Pharmacological-MRI (phMRI) was used to measure cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes by psilocybin, lisuride and 25CN-NBOH. Results: Psilocybin and lisuride induced bi-phasic hemodynamic response, whereas 25CN-NBOH was monophasic. Bi-phasic phenomena may be due to non-selectivity of agonist drugs. Elevated CBV at higher psilocybin doses persists longitudinally, while lisuride and 25CN-NBOH modulations trend toward baseline. Impact: Bi-phasic signal profiles and downstream impacts to cerebral hemodynamics may reflect non-selective targeting of psilocybin and lisuride, highlighting the sensitivity of phMRI in drug evaluation.", "journal": "Proceedings on CD-ROM - International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Scientific Meeting and Exhibition/Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Scientific Meeting and Exhibition", "publication_date": "2024-11-25", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.58530/2024/1133", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.58530/2024/1133", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Agonist, Neuroimaging, Neuroscience, Computer science, Psychology, Medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404747898\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404747898\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114817295\",\"display_name\":\"Ande Bagdasarian\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027814368\",\"display_name\":\"Kristian Larsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-0814\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055559084\",\"display_name\":\"Hsiao-Ying Wey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-8489\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4393917449\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings on CD-ROM - International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Scientific Meeting and Exhibition/Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Scientific Meeting and Exhibition\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.58530/2024/1133\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404747898" }, { "id": 955, "title": "Strategies for resolving challenging psychedelic experiences: insights from a mixed-methods study", "normalized_title": "strategies for resolving challenging psychedelic experiences insights from a mixed methods study", "authors": "Maximillian J. Wood, Rosalind McAlpine, Sunjeev K. Kamboj", "abstract": "Psychedelic substances are garnering renewed interest for their potential therapeutic applications, yet the mechanisms by which challenging experiences during psychedelic use contribute to positive outcomes remains poorly understood. Here we present a mixed-methods investigation into the strategies individuals employ to navigate difficult psychedelic experiences and their relationship to emotional breakthrough. Qualitative analysis of accounts from psilocybin retreat participants (n = 16) informed the development of the Responses to Challenging Psychedelic Experiences Inventory (ReCiPE). In a subsequent online survey (n = 529), exploratory factor analysis of the ReCiPE revealed three primary response strategies: Acceptance and Reappraisal, Sensory Regulation and Physical Interaction, and Social Support and Disclosure. Exploratory correlation and multiple regression analyses demonstrated significant relationships between different types of challenges, response strategies and emotional breakthrough. Notably, Acceptance and Reappraisal, and Social Support and Disclosure strategies were positively associated with greater emotional breakthrough. Fear-related challenges were negatively associated with emotional breakthrough and involved fewer adaptive coping strategies. These findings elucidate the complex interplay between challenging experiences and adaptive responses in psychedelic contexts, offering insights for optimising therapeutic protocols and enhancing safety in both clinical and non-clinical settings.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-11-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-79931-w", "pubmed_id": "39572645", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79931-w", "keywords": "Psychology, Psilocybin, Coping (psychology), Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404604989\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404604989\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1514273299\",\"https://openalex.org/W1557738392\",\"https://openalex.org/W1896310368\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003964738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016548242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046375138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073730305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118653600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124126925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127119603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128126978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133963272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152264416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152676810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170827698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412386965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610278509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618615166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789340345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789530478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900445331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904736235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955483757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980355071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985188679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991390907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2997503349\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016353993\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016601928\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049156731\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126191882\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134098691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136469907\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159976828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166553838\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182390788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195587140\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210932781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220753041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295997603\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297872495\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301605941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309244275\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315880802\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316511384\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318754695\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323049021\",\"https://openalex.org/W4364348136\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378472815\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381598621\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385063925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385978292\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387019277\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387902564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388419854\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391365321\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391643149\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391926727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392797453\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396713345\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399866284\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000306738\",\"display_name\":\"Maximillian J. Wood\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037175471\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalind McAlpine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-0655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068746186\",\"display_name\":\"Sunjeev K. Kamboj\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-0826\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79931-w\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404604989" }, { "id": 204, "title": "The Effect of Psilocybe cubensis on Spatial Memory and BDNF Expression in Male Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress", "normalized_title": "the effect of psilocybe cubensis on spatial memory and bdnf expression in male rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress", "authors": "Reza Ghaffarzadegan, Mokhtar Karimi, Behnaz Hedayatjoo, Hamidreza Behnoud, Eghbal Jasemi, Mahsa Mohammadi, Samira Roustaei, Ali Razmi, Salar Vaseghi", "abstract": "Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, drastically affect mental processing, cognitive functioning, and the mood state. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the Psilocybe cubensis extract on spatial memory and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The duration of CUMS was 4 weeks. Spatial learning and memory were measured using the Morris water maze apparatus. The Psilocybe cubensis extract was intraperitoneally injected (20 mg/kg) in different time periods: 5 min before training, 24 h before training, 48 h before training, 5 min after training, and 5 min before the probe test. Results showed that CUMS impaired spatial learning and memory, and decreased BDNF in the hippocampus. Psilocybe cubensis (24 and 48 h before training) restored spatial learning, while (48 h before training) restored spatial memory impairment in CUMS rats. Psilocybe cubensis (24 and 48 h before training) increased BDNF in CUMS rats. Psilocybe cubensis administrations (expect 48 h before training) impaired spatial learning and memory and decreased BDNF levels in controls. In conclusion, we suggested that Psilocybe cubensis may be beneficial for the improvement of memory deficits induced by CUMS, while the time of injection seems to be an important factor in its final effect.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2024-11-12", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2024.2428241", "pubmed_id": "39535167", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2428241", "keywords": "Chronic stress, Psychology, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-06-30 22:38:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404302417\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404302417\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W205881385\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001663547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022626595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059671852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083772767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110696099\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112241844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2253188864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322746014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403525433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558947971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594211197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791918973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952541102\",\"https://openalex.org/W2986755160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990172528\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009264042\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021843595\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159273806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165574874\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178121559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191673176\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197463377\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238754411\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301401338\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301734182\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309047100\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309362531\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313339933\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320709149\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320728467\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321369540\",\"https://openalex.org/W4360843621\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362457938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366827342\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366989647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379094891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386564466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387996483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388594771\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388714298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388850533\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389941369\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390512024\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390973319\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391848611\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392348212\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393864633\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396670122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396703630\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035357473\",\"display_name\":\"Reza Ghaffarzadegan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056007788\",\"display_name\":\"Mokhtar Karimi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014003550\",\"display_name\":\"Behnaz Hedayatjoo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114616380\",\"display_name\":\"Hamidreza Behnoud\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093736259\",\"display_name\":\"Eghbal Jasemi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102014510\",\"display_name\":\"Mahsa Mohammadi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3849-1980\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114616381\",\"display_name\":\"Samira Roustaei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052956885\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Razmi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-3588\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084581096\",\"display_name\":\"Salar Vaseghi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-9887\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2428241\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404302417" }, { "id": 871, "title": "Structural insights into tryptamine psychedelics: The role of hydroxyl indole ring site in 5-HT2A receptor activation and psychedelic-like activity.", "normalized_title": "structural insights into tryptamine psychedelics the role of hydroxyl indole ring site in 5 ht2a receptor activation and psychedelic like activity", "authors": "Zhang M, Yang Y, Yang Z, Wen X, Zhang C, Xiao P, Wang Y, Sun J, Wang H, Wang X.", "abstract": "Recent advancements in the study of mushroom-derived tryptamines, particularly psilocybin and its metabolite psilocin, highlight their unique psychedelic properties and potential therapeutic applications, especially for mental health conditions like depression. This study examines how the position of the hydroxyl group on the indole ring affects the 5-HT2A receptor activity and psychedelic-like effects of psilocin analogs. Chemically synthesized psilocin (1) and its analogs bufotenine (2), 6-OH-DMT (3), and 7-OH-DMT (4) were assessed for 5-HT2A receptor agonistic activity using the Gαq-Gγ dissociation bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay and for psychedelic-like effects through the head-twitch response assay. Results show that compounds with hydroxyl group at the 4th and 5th positions exhibit significantly higher 5-HT2A agonistic and psychedelic-like activities than those with hydroxyl group at the 6th and 7th positions. Funnel metadynamics simulations revealed that psilocin (1) and bufotenine (2) have lower binding free energies, correlating with experimental data. Analysis of the simulation trajectories reveals that the formation of a hydrogen bond with residue L229 is crucial for guiding psilocin (1) and bufotenine (2) into the 5-HT2AR binding site. In contrast, analogs 3 and 4, which lack this interaction, fail to be directed into the orthosteric site. Furthermore, psilocin (1) and bufotenine (2) establish a stable salt bridge and hydrogen bond with residue D155. These interactions are more stable compared to those formed by ligands 3 and 4, contributing to the latter's poor 5-HT2AR activities. These findings underscore the critical role of the hydroxyl group position on the indole ring in modulating 5-HT2A receptor activity and the corresponding psychedelic-like effects, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted therapeutics.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-11-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117049", "pubmed_id": "39541872", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117049", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Tryptamines, Indoles, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Molecular Structure, Structure-Activity Relationship, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, HEK293 Cells, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39541872\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4523, "title": "Psychedelic treatment for anorexia nervosa: A first-hand view of how psilocybin treatment did and did not help", "normalized_title": "psychedelic treatment for anorexia nervosa a first hand view of how psilocybin treatment did and did not help", "authors": "Stéphanie Knatz Peck, Hannah M. Fisher, Jessie Kim, Samantha Shao, Julie Trim, Walter H. Kaye", "abstract": "Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness with high mortality rates and limited treatment outcomes. Psilocybin treatment (PT) has shown promise for various mental health indications and there is significant interest in exploring its potential for AN; however, studies to date are preliminary. Given the probable surge in psychedelic studies for AN, more information is needed to understand how to successfully apply and optimize these treatments for this vulnerable population. In this Emerging Topics article, we present a nuanced exploration of the potential benefits and constraints of PT for AN, contextualized within the framework of our clinical findings from a modest phase 1 pilot study. We offer here a synthesis of first-hand experiences and comprehensive thematic insights gleaned from 10 individuals with lived experience, providing a rich tapestry of perspectives on this novel therapeutic approach.", "journal": "Psychedelics.", "publication_date": "2024-11-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.61373/pp024e.0034", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.61373/pp024e.0034", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia nervosa, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Psychiatry, Population, Mental health, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Eating disorders, Environmental health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404961618\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404961618\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W164629299\",\"https://openalex.org/W1501583202\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985642681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042181481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073953400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080992988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093980670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885121314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118567436\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159676254\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220677780\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226049185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229050031\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288050717\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308953446\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386541001\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395110324\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011897192\",\"display_name\":\"Stéphanie Knatz Peck\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-9158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041834457\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-6060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104262515\",\"display_name\":\"Jessie Kim\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057873669\",\"display_name\":\"Samantha Shao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002166417\",\"display_name\":\"Julie Trim\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086371093\",\"display_name\":\"Walter H. Kaye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404675698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.61373/pp024e.0034\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404961618" }, { "id": 3108, "title": "Long-term effects of psilocybin on dynamic and effectivity connectivity of fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits", "normalized_title": "long term effects of psilocybin on dynamic and effectivity connectivity of fronto striatal thalamic circuits", "authors": "Pasquini L, Vohryzek J, Escrichs A, Sanz Perl Y, Ponce-Alvarez A, Idesis S, Girn M, Roseman L, Mitchell JM, Gazzaley A, Kringelbach M, Nutt DJ, Lyons T, Carhart-Harris RL, Deco G.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has been shown to induce fast and sustained improvements in mental well-being across various populations, yet its long-term mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Initial evidence suggests that longitudinal functional and structural brain changes implicate fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) circuitry, a broad system involved in goal-directed behavior and motivational states. Here, we apply empirical methods and computational modeling to resting-state fMRI data from a within-subject longitudinal psilocybin trial in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. We first show increases in FST dynamic activity four weeks after a full dose of psilocybin. We then proceed to mechanistically account for these increased dynamics, by showing that reduced structural constraints underlie increased FST dynamic activity post psilocybin. Further, we show that these reduced structural constraints come along with increased bottom-up and reduced top-down modulation of FST circuits. While cortical reductions in top-down modulation are linked to regional 5-HT2A receptor availability, increased information outflow via subcortical and limbic regions relate to local D2 receptor availability. Together, these findings show that increased FST flexibility weeks after psilocybin administration is linked to serotonergic-mediated decreases in top-down information flow and dopaminergic-mediated increases in bottom-up information flow. This long-term functional re-organization of FST circuits may represent a common mechanism underling the potential clinical efficacy of psilocybin across various neuropsychiatric disorders including substance abuse, major depression, and anorexia. Significance Statement Fronto-striatal-thalamic systems, which underlie motivation and reward, go through profound functional and structural changes following psilocybin administration. We leveraged longitudinal fMRI data from a within-subject psilocybin trial in psychedelic-naïve healthy participants to show that psilocybin increases fronto-striatal-thalamic dynamic activity as well as flexibility four weeks after dosing. Computational modeling revealed that this increased flexibility is mechanistically caused by reduced structural constraints on functional dynamics. Further long-term changes included increased bottom-up and reduced top-down information flow mediated by the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. This long-term functional re-organization of fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits may reflect a common mechanism underlying clinical symptoms improvements across diagnostic groups, such as increased openness, improved well-being, and reductions in anhedonia, apathy, and substance craving.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-11-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.11.06.622302", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.06.622302", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR936542\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4524, "title": "Why N,N-dimethyltryptamine matters: unique features and therapeutic potential beyond classical psychedelics", "normalized_title": "why n n dimethyltryptamine matters unique features and therapeutic potential beyond classical psychedelics", "authors": "Cristiano Chaves, Rafael G. dos Santos, Serdar Dursun, Massimo Tusconi, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Elisa Brietzke, Jaime E. C. Hallak", "abstract": "\"Iracema comes with the pot full of the green liquor. The shaman decrees the dreams to each warrior and distributes the wine of jurema, which carries the brave Tabajara to heaven.\" José de Alencar, in his poetic novel “Iracema” (1865)1. IntroductionThe \"wine of jurema\", used in ancient Brazilian shamanic rituals, is rich in N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a naturally occurring tryptamine like serotonin and melatonin. Widely found in plants and animals, DMT is the main component of some botanical tisanes used for centuries as a channel of communication with the otherworld (1, 2). Despite being classified as a \"classical psychedelic” (2-4), DMT’s unique effects are often overlooked due to an overemphasis on serotonin (5HT) 2A receptors as the key pharmacological feature of serotoninergic psychedelics. This simplification ignores DMT’s broader receptor interactions, lack of tolerance, and distinct subjective experiences. A nuanced understanding of DMT's pharmacology and its redefinition among psychedelics is necessary to recognize its full potential.DMT was originally synthesized by Canadian chemist Richard Manske in 1931, before it had ever been discovered in any plant (5), but its hallucinogenic properties were confirmed only in 1956 when chemist and psychiatrist Stephen Szara administered DMT intramuscularly to healthy volunteers, who experienced LSD-like effects (6). However, DMT had been identified earlier in Mimosa hostilis roots (the main component of the “wine of jurema”) by chemist O. Gonçalves de Lima in 1946 (7) and was later recognized in 1957 as a key psychoactive ingredient in ayahuasca (\"vine of the souls\") (8). These brews produce intense closed-eye (and, less frequently, open-eye) visual effects, known in Portuguese as \"miração\" (“seeings”), with immersive dream-like states and rich internal imagery (9-11). In contrast to other serotoninergic psychedelics, individuals who use ayahuasca and DMT report stronger visual effects, breakthrough experiences, near-death experiences, and encounters with entities (12-16).This distinct phenomenology reflects DMT’s unique pharmacological profile, defying its simplistic classification as a classical psychedelic. In fact, DMT (a) activates sigma-1 receptors, trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR1), and intracellular 5HT2A receptors; (b) acts as a substrate of the serotonin uptake transporter (SERT) and the vesicle monoamine transporter (VMAT2); (c) and modulates dopaminergic, noradrenergic, adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission (1, 4, 17-19). Unlike LSD, which induces complete tolerance after four consecutive daily doses (20), DMT's effects remain minimally reduced with repeated use (21, 22). Moreover, DMT's endogenous presence in the human body (urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid) suggests roles in neuroplasticity, immune function, and other physiological processes, further distinguishing it from other psychedelics.In mental health treatment, an exploratory study with intravenous DMT has shown next-day antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (23). Ayahuasca has been long used in traditional Amazonian ceremonies with the aim of facilitating profound introspection and emotional healing. Modern preliminary research suggests its therapeutic potential for treating mood, anxiety, substance use, and trauma-related disorders (24-35), as well as suicidality (34) - possibly by modulating emotion and trauma processing (36-41).However, these studies remain in their early stages, often involving small sample sizes and variability in methodologies. In contrast, LSD has a long tradition of studies, MDMA is approved in Australia for PTSD, and psilocybin, now also approved in Australia, shows promising potential for treatment-resistant depression. Hence, this study aims to highlight the unique characteristics of DMT that make it a promising candidate for psychedelic therapeutics.2. DMT Unique Features2.1 There is an Endogenous Production of DMTA distinguishing feature of DMT is its natural production in the human body. Although often associated with hallucinogenic experiences when administered exogenously, DMT’s presence and role in the brain under normal physiological conditions remain an area of active investigation. Since the 1960s and 1970s we have known that mammals, including humans, endogenously produce DMT (18, 42, 43); for a comprehensive review, see Barker et al. (2012) (44). However, recent rodent studies show that DMT is present in the brain at levels akin to canonic neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine (45, 46). Early research confirmed the presence of endogenous DMT in various tissues, including the liver and lungs, using techniques like gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (43). Traditionally, DMT synthesis have been attributed to the enzyme indolethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT) (47). Nonetheless, Glynos et al. (2023) demonstrated that INMT is not essential for DMT production in rats, suggesting alternative enzymatic pathways (48).Nichols (2018) critically examined the functional significance of endogenous DMT, particularly its secretion from the pineal gland and its link to near-death or out-of-body experiences (49). He argues that DMT concentrations in the brain are too low to produce psychoactive effects and emphasized the need for rigorous research.Until 2018, few studies quantified DMT levels in rodent brains (50, 51), possibly losing sequestered DMT during tissue processing from whole-brain homogenates (17). However, Dean et al. (2019) provided substantial evidence of endogenous DMT in the rat brain (45), finding levels in the pineal gland and visual cortex comparable to other neuroamines. This suggests that DMT could be part of a functional system in normal brain physiology. Dean et al. (2019) also observed a sudden increase in DMT levels in rats during cardiac arrest (45). However, Li et al. (2015) and Nichols (2018) (49, 52) noted that the time of death involves a \"brainstorm\" with a surge in neurotransmitters and synchronous electroencephalographic (EEG) signaling, indicative of high cognitive processing (53, 54), which aligns with experiences reported by cardiac arrest survivors.Glynos et al. (2024) further explored DMT's effects in animal models, finding that intravenous DMT administration in rats increased serotonin and dopamine levels, altered EEG spectral power, and enhanced functional connectivity (46). Importantly, they also detected endogenous DMT in the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices at levels comparable to serotonin and dopamine. These findings suggest that endogenous DMT may have functional significance in the mammalian brain (46), supporting previous results that DMT may accumulate and be stored in neuron vesicles (19, 55).Although the natural role of DMT remains elusive, it has been suggested that DMT may be involved in diverse normal physiological functions: synaptic plasticity (56), neonatal brain development (57), adult neurogenesis regulation (58), normal sensory perception (59), modulation of brain mitochondrial function (60), adaptative immune response to stress (61-63), and protection against hypoxia and oxidative stress (64, 65).2.2 DMT has an Unique PhenomenologyCompared to the other traditional psychedelics, DMT has a distinct phenomenology. When injected intravenously, DMT induces visions so strong that having one's eyes open or closed barely affects what is seen (14). Breakthrough experiences, marked by profound changes in temporal and spatial perception, are common with ayahuasca and DMT, leading to feelings of being in a different reality, intense ego dissolution, and time dilation (15, 66, 67). Near-death experiences (NDEs), featuring inner peace, out-of-body experiences, and exploration of otherworldly realms, closely resemble DMT-induced experiences. Accordingly, Timmermann et al. (2018) found striking parallels between actual NDEs and those induced by DMT (68).A survey by Griffiths et al. (2019) on mystical experiences induced by classical psychedelics found that participants using DMT more often had complete mystical experiences, scoring higher on ineffability and transcendence of time and space compared to the use of psilocybin and LSD (69). In another survey by the same team, investigating interactions with sentient entities during DMT experience, 80% of respondents reported the experience profoundly altered their perception of reality, with 65% describing them as more real than typical waking consciousness (12).Of note, although ayahuasca contains beta-carbolines, which act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), its primarily psychedelic effect is mainly due to DMT. Beta-carbolines inhibit DMT's metabolization by MAO enzymes in the gut and liver, allowing DMT to reach the brain and extending its effects from minutes to several hours (70-72). However, despite differences in duration and intensity, the experiences from ayahuasca are similar to those from exogenous DMT administration (73).Interestingly, despite the molecular similarity between DMT and its derivative 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), they have distinct characteristics. Both cause ego dissolution and time dilation, but 5-MeO-DMT often induces a sense of void or “whiteout”, contrasting with DMT’s vivid and intense visual phenomena (74).2.3 DMT has Unique Pharmacokinetic PropertiesTachyphylaxis, or rapid tolerance, is common with most classic serotoninergic psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. Repeated administration of these substances quickly diminishes their subjective effects, usually within a few days, due to the downregulation and desensitization of extracellular cortical 5-HT2A receptors (75, 76). For instance, after four days of daily LSD administration, its hallucinogenic effects simply vanish (20, 77-81). Additionally, cross-tolerance between these substances is common; individuals tolerant to LSD, for example, show reduced sensitivity to psilocybin and mescaline, indicating shared mechanisms of action (82-90).In contrast, DMT is unique in that it does not induce tolerance to its psychological effects, even with closely spaced repeated use. Studies in humans have consistently shown no significant attenuation in the subjective experiences elicited by DMT. For instance, Strassman (1995, 1996a) demonstrated that volunteers who received four closely spaced doses of DMT experienced no reduction in hallucinogenic intensity (21, 91). Similarly, Dos Santos et al. (2012) observed no tolerance to the subjective effects of two consecutive doses of ayahuasca (22). DMT also does not produce cross-tolerance to other hallucinogens like LSD, further highlighting its distinct pharmacodynamic properties (92-97). DMT’s unique lack of tolerance suggests a different mechanism of action compared to other serotoninergic psychedelics, making it a valuable compound for psychopharmacological research.As with other psychedelics, there is the possibility of pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions between DMT and other serotoninergic drugs, especially by competition at the receptor level (98). For instance, concomitant DMT administration with serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or MAO inhibitors, may reduce DMT’s subjective effects by increasing serotonin levels and by downregulating 5-HT2A receptors after chronic use, and 5-HT2A antagonists may reduce the effects of DMT (98). Regarding possible toxicity in humans, human studies usually report a good tolerability profile (23), but elevations of cardiovascular parameters, anxiety, and unpleasant psychological reactions have been observed in clinical settings after acute DMT administration (4, 6, 14).2.4 DMT has Unique Mechanisms of ActionIn 2009, Fontanilla and colleagues discovered that DMT is an endogenous ligand for sigma-1 receptors, found throughout the central nervous system and peripheral tissues (99). Initially mistaken for an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor is now known as an orphan receptor because it binds synthetic compounds but not opioid peptides (99). Sigma-1 receptors act as transmembrane chaperone proteins, controlling anti-inflammatory reactions, cell survival, and neuronal differentiation (63). They have neurorestorative effects and protect cells against oxidative stress, underscoring their importance for brain health and function (61).Unlike other classical psychedelics, DMT's interaction with sigma-1 receptors may enhance neuroplasticity, neuroprotection and cognitive function. Cheng et al. (2024) showed that long-term DMT administration improved neurogenesis and cognitive function in rat models of Alzheimer's disease by activating sigma-1 receptors, confirming its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders (60). Morales-Garcia et al. (2020) found that DMT promotes adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus via sigma-1 receptors, stimulating neural stem cell proliferation, neuroblast migration, and new neuron generation (58). These effects likely explain the improved spatial learning and memory observed in DMT-treated mice compared to controls (58).DMT's interaction with sigma-1 receptors also influences the immune system. DMT and its derivative 5-MeO-DMT modulate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by activating sigma-1 receptors, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion (63). This suggests that DMT may help maintain immune homeostasis and manage autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, DMT’s activation of sigma-1 receptors may offer therapeutic benefits in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by low-level inflammation and cytokine imbalance (61).2.5 DMT has unique effects in neuroplasticityIn a landmark study, Vargas et al. (2023) described how DMT and psilocybin activate intracellular cytoplasmic pools of 5HT2A receptors to promote neuroplasticity (100). This confirmed Cornea-Hébert et al. (1999) previous finding that 5HT2A receptors in the neuronal cortex are primarily intracellular rather than on the membrane surface (101). Remarkably, although serotonin is a potent 5HT2A receptor agonist, it cannot cross the cellular membrane to activate these receptors. However, the lipophilic nature of DMT allows it to cross cellular membranes and bind to these intracellular receptors, suggesting DMT, rather than serotonin, may be the endogenous agonist.Moreover, downregulation and internalization of 5-HT2A receptors on the cell surface play a role in tolerance to psychedelics (20, 102-104). Interestingly, DMT’s action on intracellular pools of 5HT2A receptors may partially explain the lack of tolerance with repeated use (21). Accordingly, chronic DMT use does not induce 5HT2A receptor desensitization (2, 72).Given its ability to promote neuroplasticity, DMT may be categorized as a psychoplastogen, a group of substances that may directly and rapidly change brain structure and function. This unique characteristic makes them promising therapeutic agents for neuropsychiatric disorders. By promoting dendritic growth and synapse formation, psychoplastogens like DMT may quickly alleviate symptoms of conditions such as anxiety and depression (105).3. DiscussionDMT stands out among serotoninergic psychedelics for its potent visual effects, lack of tolerance, and unique neurophysiological properties. Its natural production and interaction with sigma-1 and intracellular 5HT2A receptors play important roles in brain plasticity and immune regulation. Evidence of substantial DMT levels in the rat brain, including its accumulation in neuron vesicles and alternative production pathways, suggests a broader role in neurobiology. While endogenous DMT is confirmed in the rat brain, its presence in the human brain and exact physiological roles need further exploration.Despite its therapeutic potential, research on DMT faces key limitations, including uncertainty about the optimal dose and duration of therapeutic benefits, besides the challenge of functional unblinding due to its rapid and intense effects (23, 25). Variability in dosing, administrations routes, and the combination with a MAOI (in ayahuasca) further complicates cross-study comparisons (17). The long-term impacts of repeated dosing also require further investigation (106). It is crucial to have larger, well-designed trial to better understand DMT’s safety and efficacy (29, 30).In addition to its unique pharmacological and therapeutic benefits, DMT could offer a cost-effective psychiatric treatment option if approved globally (39, 107, 108). Although the substance itself may not be patentable, like psilocybin, the processes and formulations used in different routes of administration (e.g. inhalation, intranasal, buccal or sublingual) could be, which could influence its accessibility (109). Nonetheless, DMT's potential as a widely accessible treatment is significant, particularly given its potential to yield different treatment outcomes compared to other psychedelics, such as for neuropsychiatric disorders involving low-level inflammation.DMT's rapid onset and short duration (20-30 minutes when inhaled or injected) (17, 23) make it practical for clinical use compared to longer-acting psychedelics like psilocybin (4-6 hours), MDMA (4-6 hours), and LSD (8-12 hours) (110, 111). Its brief effects reduce supervision needs, and its lack of tolerance allows for repeated dosing. However, its short half-life and intense acute effects could complicate clinical use if frequent administration is needed, increasing demands on personnel and risk of adverse reactions (2, 3). Extended DMT infusion may address these limitations by offering more controlled, sustained effects (106, 112). While DMT shows promise in psychedelic therapy, more research is needed to explore its benefits, especially in combination with other molecules (113).", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-11-05", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485337", "pubmed_id": "39568756", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485337", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Ayahuasca, Psilocybin, Psychology, Art, Traditional medicine, Psychoanalysis, Medicine, Sociology, Psychiatry, Anthropology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404119543\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404119543\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W201702608\",\"https://openalex.org/W1510556999\",\"https://openalex.org/W1822863173\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983574733\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983736209\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992234519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997394620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998631480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000493240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007316404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010261402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012834083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016167674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019004642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019650516\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021282200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030773025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030932324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034951640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035391615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039286002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053798341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062339243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072997824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083808333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085670677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087540518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091625287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101185632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110422029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115359142\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117219351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124026487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125368083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126399456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128356296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158268739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163858520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164158534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2258636534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2292804940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2300458685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2317493546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2339594835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344956345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2395150555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398037874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407634776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411278188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2518801653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765664524\",\"https://openalex.org/W2785254539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883970814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884299727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887016029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899976521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924555549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953280092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954656383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971496197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018943978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047621140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090852378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094461574\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095307948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164491540\",\"https://openalex.org/W3174951899\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214152988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206058416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207030820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207069915\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211131282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220962244\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224926134\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241509190\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248860805\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251125354\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282579732\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283753206\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297723523\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307554429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307996361\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318620298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4360984887\",\"https://openalex.org/W4375948532\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377940122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388007338\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388827052\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389532441\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390825728\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392116348\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392166950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393041501\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394797601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395012640\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396568315\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401511427\",\"https://openalex.org/W6692358280\",\"https://openalex.org/W6703967859\",\"https://openalex.org/W6713988452\",\"https://openalex.org/W6861967304\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063630602\",\"display_name\":\"Cristiano Chaves\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-1700\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058075680\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael G. dos Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089267199\",\"display_name\":\"Serdar Dursun\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-851X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035141310\",\"display_name\":\"Massimo Tusconi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-4740\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043518483\",\"display_name\":\"Mauro Giovanni Carta\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076331964\",\"display_name\":\"Elisa Brietzke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-1342\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102785969\",\"display_name\":\"Jaime E. C. Hallak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0189\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485337\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mitochondrial Function,Oxidative Stress,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Review Article,Observational Study,Animal Study,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404119543" }, { "id": 3669, "title": "PsilOCD: Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity (A Pharmacological-Challenge Feasibility Study)", "normalized_title": "psilocd evaluating the effects of the 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on the neurocognitive and clinical correlates of compulsivity a pharmacological challenge feasibility study", "authors": "Imperial College London", "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of psilocybin on cognitive inflexibility and neural plasticity in a cohort of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This mechanistic study will utilise a within-subjects design, administering up to 10mg of psilocybin to participants with OCD (DSM-5 criteria) on two separate instances spaced four weeks apart. To ensure consistency and participant safety, dosing will occur under medical supervision with psychological support from two experienced therapists. Before and after each session, participants will engage in virtual preparation and integration sessions led by their therapists. Cognitive tasks will be administered in the days following each dosing session. Additionally, acute post-dosing EEG recordings will be conducted, and blood samples will be taken after each dosing session. OCD symptoms will also be assessed seven times throughout the trial by an external blinded psychiatrist, serving as a secondary outcome. Collectively, these measures aim to evaluate changes in cognitive inflexibility, decision-making abilities, neuroplasticity (peripheral blood markers and EEG measures), inflammation (peripheral blood markers), and symptomatology following each dosing session.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-11-05", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06258031", "keywords": "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psilocybin (COMP360), O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06258031\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Observational Study,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 967, "title": "Pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors are essential for psilocybin’s lasting drug action", "normalized_title": "pyramidal cell types and 5 ht2a receptors are essential for psilocybin s lasting drug action", "authors": "Shao L, Liao C, Davoudian PA, Savalia NK, Jiang Q, Wojtasiewicz C, Tan D, Nothnagel JD, Liu R, Woodburn SC, Bilash OM, Kim H, Che A, Kwan AC.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with therapeutic potential for treating mental illnesses 1-4. At the cellular level, psychedelics induce structural neural plasticity 5,6, exemplified by the drug-evoked growth and remodeling of dendritic spines in cortical pyramidal cells 7-9. A key question is how these cellular modifications map onto cell type-specific circuits to produce psychedelics’ behavioral actions 10. Here, we use in vivo optical imaging, chemogenetic perturbation, and cell type-specific electrophysiology to investigate the impact of psilocybin on the two main types of pyramidal cells in the mouse medial frontal cortex. We find that a single dose of psilocybin increased the density of dendritic spines in both the subcortical-projecting, pyramidal tract (PT) and intratelencephalic (IT) cell types. Behaviorally, silencing the PT neurons eliminates psilocybin’s ability to ameliorate stress-related phenotypes, whereas silencing IT neurons has no detectable effect. In PT neurons only, psilocybin boosts synaptic calcium transients and elevates firing rates acutely after administration. Targeted knockout of 5-HT2A receptors abolishes psilocybin’s effects on stress-related behavior and structural plasticity. Collectively these results identify a pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex as playing essential roles for psilocybin’s long-term drug action.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-11-02", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.11.02.621692", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.02.621692", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR934425\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 371, "title": "Psilocybin for major depressive disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for major depressive disorder an updated systematic review and meta analysis of randomized clinical trials", "authors": "Sepehr Aghajanian, Arman Shafiee, Samira Parvizi Omran, Aida Rezaei Nejad, Kyana Jafarabady, Omid Kohandel Gargari, Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi, Ida Mohammadi, Touran Bahrami Babaheidari, Mahmood Bakhtiyari", "abstract": "Background: Due to the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current antidepressants, research has been launched into alternative treatment approaches, such as the administration of psychedelics. Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, has been shown to exert considerable positive influence on depression symptoms through its serotonergic and glutamatergic effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psilocybin in treating depression. Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline (via PubMed) and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that investigated the therapeutic impact of psilocybin on depression. A mixed-effects multi-level model was used to estimate the overall effect size. Effectiveness over time was also investigated as a secondary analysis. Results: The results of the primary analysis revealed a large and clinically observable reduction (SMC: −1.24, 95%CI: −1.83 to −0.65, I2 level2 = 11.39%, I2 level3 = 77.67%) of depressive symptomatology in patients receiving psilocybin in addition to supportive therapy compared to baseline measurements. The decrease was also marked when compared to placebo ( p -value = 0.032). The results remained significant even when a secondary analysis assessed the effect in various time intervals since the administration of psilocybin. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis substantiate the claim that psilocybin is superior in treating depression compared to established psychotherapy alone used for treating depression. This finding warrants further studies with larger sample sizes and across a longer timeframe.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-10-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/02698811241287542", "pubmed_id": "39480198", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241287542", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Meta-analysis, Placebo, Cochrane Library, Randomized controlled trial, Depression (economics), Serotonergic, Medicine, Systematic review, Psychology, MEDLINE, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Internal medicine, Alternative medicine, Serotonin, Economics, Law, Political science, Pathology, Macroeconomics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403943147\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403943147\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1980910164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014381681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048303608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088928458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139168999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153403353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161374186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2223813100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273917694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992679405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001030361\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216485471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366089680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382360440\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387516067\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076558683\",\"display_name\":\"Sepehr Aghajanian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-0138\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057425365\",\"display_name\":\"Arman Shafiee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-4399\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108956010\",\"display_name\":\"Samira Parvizi Omran\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056414839\",\"display_name\":\"Aida Rezaei Nejad\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-7824\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034353654\",\"display_name\":\"Kyana Jafarabady\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005668391\",\"display_name\":\"Omid Kohandel Gargari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-0582\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093084614\",\"display_name\":\"Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-4103\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010234694\",\"display_name\":\"Ida Mohammadi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-0329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050431840\",\"display_name\":\"Touran Bahrami Babaheidari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8516-5597\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060173628\",\"display_name\":\"Mahmood Bakhtiyari\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241287542\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403943147" }, { "id": 987, "title": "Psilocin, the Psychoactive Metabolite of Psilocybin, Modulates Select Neuroimmune Functions of Microglial Cells in a 5-HT2 Receptor-Dependent Manner", "normalized_title": "psilocin the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin modulates select neuroimmune functions of microglial cells in a 5 ht2 receptor dependent manner", "authors": "Kennedy R. Wiens, Noah A. H. Brooks, Ishvin Riar, Bridget K. Greuel, Ivan A. Lindhout, Andis Klegeris", "abstract": "Neuroinflammation that is caused by microglia, the main immune cells of the brain, contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Psychedelics, including psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), possess certain anti-inflammatory properties and, therefore, should be considered as drug candidates for treating neuroinflammatory pathologies. When ingested, psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to yield psilocin, which crosses the blood-brain barrier and exerts psychotropic activity by interacting with the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) on neurons. Since microglia express all three 5-HT2R isoforms, we hypothesized that, by interacting with these receptors, psilocin beneficially modulates select neuroimmune functions of microglia. We used microglia-like cell lines to demonstrate that psilocin, at non-toxic concentrations, did not affect the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by immune-stimulated microglial cells, but significantly inhibited their phagocytic activity, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) production. The inhibitory activity of psilocin on the latter two functions was similar to that of two selective 5-HT2R agonists, namely, 25I-NBOH and Ro60-0175. The role of this subfamily of receptors was further demonstrated by the application of 5-HT2R antagonists cyproheptadine and risperidone. Psilocin should be considered a novel drug candidate that might be effective in treating neuroimmune disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, where reactive microglia are significant contributors.", "journal": "Molecules", "publication_date": "2024-10-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3390/molecules29215084", "pubmed_id": "39519725", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215084", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Metabolite, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Receptor, Chemistry, Medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403809829\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403809829\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":21,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1492593302\",\"https://openalex.org/W1511431502\",\"https://openalex.org/W1605930456\",\"https://openalex.org/W1801367656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1922605075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1960914895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964223116\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964331410\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967583546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972820606\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979700184\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984571968\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987880652\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988435059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001044949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004838884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035694367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044906091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054275187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061970462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063995449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073582910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082184503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087243986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093230455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105747303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109445380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118103827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129406263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132998265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134923721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146578632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411044616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2507925336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513899211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589009707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2601121693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657254967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756523789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791832923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794605633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807183240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907524203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2934170679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961608594\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965717703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978931957\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010535096\",\"https://openalex.org/W3019786244\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3041048273\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043443440\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044996886\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048109944\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3115524456\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131890228\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135111051\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136665727\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152849972\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195006074\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201526264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203622089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217015164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200529147\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206087063\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281296724\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281396997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311816479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315434077\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317631458\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321372477\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323268830\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324147331\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362733217\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386026077\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387651512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391340931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392119029\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393253949\",\"https://openalex.org/W6680022344\",\"https://openalex.org/W6725311933\",\"https://openalex.org/W6780583429\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004694786\",\"display_name\":\"Kennedy R. Wiens\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Noah A. H. Brooks\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093779557\",\"display_name\":\"Ishvin Riar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059048229\",\"display_name\":\"Bridget K. Greuel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-7743\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010076951\",\"display_name\":\"Ivan A. Lindhout\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9208-404X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055389633\",\"display_name\":\"Andis Klegeris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-6458\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S108911230\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecules\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215084\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Oxidative Stress,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403809829" }, { "id": 3644, "title": "Psilocybin vs Escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder: Comparative Mechanisms", "normalized_title": "psilocybin vs escitalopram for major depressive disorder comparative mechanisms", "authors": "Imperial College London", "abstract": "This is a randomised double-blind clinical trial. The aim is to compare the efficacy and mechanisms of action of psilocybin, the primary psychoactive substance in 'magic mushrooms', with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram for major depressive disorder (MDD).", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-10-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03429075", "keywords": "Depressive Disorder, Major, Psilocybin + Placebo, Psilocybin + Escitalopram, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT03429075\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3100, "title": "Psilocybin Reduces Grooming in the SAPAP3 Knockout Mouse Model of Compulsive Behaviour", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces grooming in the sapap3 knockout mouse model of compulsive behaviour", "authors": "Gattuso JJ, Wilson C, Hannan AJ, Renoir T.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic compound which shows promise for treating compulsive behaviours. This is particularly pertinent as compulsive disorders require research into new pharmacological treatment options as the current frontline treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, require chronic administration, have significant side effects, and leave almost half of the clinical population refractory to treatment. In this study, we investigated psilocybin administration in male and female SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mice, a well-validated mouse model of obsessive compulsive and related disorders. We assessed the effects of acute psilocybin (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) administration on head twitch and locomotor behaviour as well as anxiety- and compulsive-like behaviours at multiple time-points (1-, 3- and 8-days post-injection). While psilocybin did not have any effect on anxiety-like behaviours, we revealed for the first time that acute psilocybin administration led to enduring reductions in compulsive behaviour in male SAPAP3 KO mice and reduced grooming behaviour in female WT and SAPAP3 KO mice. We also found that psilocybin increased locomotion in wild-type littermates but not in SAPAP3 KO mice, suggesting in vivo serotonergic dysfunctions in KO animals. On the other hand, the typical head-twitch response following acute psilocybin (confirming its hallucinogenic-like effect at this dose) was observed in both genotypes. Our novel findings suggest that acute psilocybin may have potential to reduce compulsive-like behaviours (up to 1 week after a single injection). Our study can inform future research directions as well as supporting the utility of psilocybin as a novel treatment option for compulsive disorders.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-10-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.10.23.619763", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.23.619763", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR930010\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 988, "title": "Critical appraisal of evidence supporting prescription of psychedelics from clinic websites in Ontario, Canada", "normalized_title": "critical appraisal of evidence supporting prescription of psychedelics from clinic websites in ontario canada", "authors": "K S Kim, Abban Yusuf, Abhimanyu Sud, Nav Persaud, Abirami Kirubarajan, Monique Moller, Taryn Lloyd, Braden O’Neill", "abstract": "Psychedelics, including ketamine, 3,4-Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA), and psilocybin, have gained attention for their potential therapeutic role in mental health treatment. While recreational use is prohibited in Canada, medicinal exemptions can be granted. There are several psychedelic clinics in Ontario, Canada, promoting the use of psychedelics for a variety of medical indications. Our objective was to identify the indications for which psychedelics are being prescribed in Ontario clinics and assess the quality of evidence used to support these claims. Internet searches were conducted using Google and Bing to identify psychedelic clinics in Ontario. Inclusion criteria was as follow: clinics were physically located in Ontario, had a functioning website link, and demonstrated involvement of a licensed physician or nurse practitioner. Identified clinics were evaluated for their claims of effectiveness, the quality of evidence used to support these claims, and statements on psychedelic-related harms. The cited studies were appraised for quality using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence, \"level 5\" being the lowest quality and \"level 1\" being the highest quality. Out of 200 search results, 10 psychedelic clinic websites met our inclusion criteria. These clinics advertised psychedelics for 47 medical conditions, most commonly for depression. Only 2 out of 10 clinics described potential risks associated with psychedelic use. There were 29 studies cited by these websites, majority coming from \"level 4\" evidence consisting of case-series and case-control studies. Overall, the cited evidence quality was low to moderate. Psychedelic clinics in Ontario promote a wide range of medical indications for psychedelics using primarily low to moderate \"level 4\" evidence. There is limited information shared on the potential adverse effects of psychedelics. Our study emphasizes the importance of using transparent and high-quality evidence by clinics and clinicians to ensure safe and effective use of psychedelics in mental health treatments.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2024-10-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0309911", "pubmed_id": "39446753", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309911", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Medical prescription, Family medicine, Mental health, Inclusion (mineral), Psychiatry, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Nursing, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403721028\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403721028\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1961364466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104675861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111199710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150633787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156342513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167412854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171951639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325742201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473559982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588681363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2736575297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804532410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981767691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000386776\",\"https://openalex.org/W3041972496\",\"https://openalex.org/W3140493070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161462095\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187596810\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195045424\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201512146\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207752026\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200582775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206615080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207077056\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214511680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229333009\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281891940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285041046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306972467\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366464082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377967799\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382502305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385858302\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W6701442087\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004120212\",\"display_name\":\"K S Kim\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2462-9869\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010772576\",\"display_name\":\"Abban Yusuf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-6857\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036273170\",\"display_name\":\"Abhimanyu Sud\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-6153\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109186386\",\"display_name\":\"Nav Persaud\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006957847\",\"display_name\":\"Abirami Kirubarajan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-5024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112036189\",\"display_name\":\"Monique Moller\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077015971\",\"display_name\":\"Taryn Lloyd\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-4465\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057033721\",\"display_name\":\"Braden O’Neill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2164-8263\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309911\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403721028" }, { "id": 4532, "title": "Increased reactivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and decreased threat responding in male rats following psilocin administration", "normalized_title": "increased reactivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and decreased threat responding in male rats following psilocin administration", "authors": "Mott, Sarah E., Clyde W. Hodge, Jessica L. Hoffman, Maria Echeveste Sanchez, Christian S. Rollison, Margaret W. High, Devin P. Effinger, Melissa A. Herman, Sarah N. Magee, Daniel Toedt, Sema G. Quadir", "abstract": "", "journal": "UNC Libraries", "publication_date": "2024-10-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.17615/kg31-1v38", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17615/kg31-1v38", "keywords": "Hypothalamus, Nucleus, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Reactivity (psychology), Chemistry, Neuroscience, Psychology, Biology, Medicine, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Sleep and Wakefulness Research, Neuroscience of respiration and sleep", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403710977\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403710977\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Mott, Sarah E.\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011055291\",\"display_name\":\"Clyde W. Hodge\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-7955\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021315018\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Hoffman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-8693\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076484632\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Echeveste Sanchez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099382623\",\"display_name\":\"Christian S. Rollison\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109736450\",\"display_name\":\"Margaret W. High\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029560074\",\"display_name\":\"Devin P. Effinger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-860X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046822772\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa A. Herman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-3439\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091142022\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah N. Magee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-3916\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099382624\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Toedt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028308908\",\"display_name\":\"Sema G. Quadir\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-9920\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407051488\",\"source_display_name\":\"UNC Libraries\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17615/kg31-1v38\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403710977" }, { "id": 3123, "title": "The forgotten psychedelic: Spatiotemporal mapping of brain organisation following the administration of 2C-B and psilocybin", "normalized_title": "the forgotten psychedelic spatiotemporal mapping of brain organisation following the administration of 2c b and psilocybin", "authors": "Mallaroni P, Singleton P, Mason NL, Satterthwaite TD, Ramaekers JG.", "abstract": "As psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy gains momentum, clinical investigation of next-generation psychedelics may lead to novel compounds tailored for specific populations. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychedelic phenethylamine reported to produce less dysphoria and subjective impairment than the psychedelic tryptamine psilocybin. Despite its popularity among recreational users and distinct pharmacodynamics, the neural correlates of 2C-B remain unexplored. Using 7T resting−state functional MRI in 22 healthy volunteers, we mapped out the acute effects of matched doses of 20 mg 2C-B, 15 mg psilocybin and placebo across spatiotemporal benchmarks of functional brain organisation. In a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, we evaluated the neuropharmacological and neurobehavioural correlates of an array of connectivity measures - including static (sFC) and global connectivity (gFC), dynamic connectivity variability (dFC), and spontaneous brain complexity. Compared to placebo, 2C-B and psilocybin selectively reduced intra-network sFC, while broadly increasing between-network and subcortical-cortical connectivity. Compared to psilocybin, 2C-B exhibited less pronounced reductions in between-network FC but elicited elevations in transmodal sFC. Both compounds yielded spatially divergent increases in gFC yet produced similar increases in brain complexity. Using PET density modelling, the spatial distribution of neural effects aligned with documented differences in monoaminergic transporter and serotonergic receptor binding affinity beyond 5-HT2A, highlighting the role of pharmacology in shaping functional dynamics. Lastly, we show behavioural markers of psychedelic effects are non-linearly reflected by the desynchronisation of the transmodal axis of functional brain organisation. Together, our findings highlight 2C-B as a useful new addition to the study of psychedelic neuroscience and may motivate new pharmacotherapy strategies.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-10-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.10.22.619393", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.22.619393", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR929517\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3098, "title": "The serotonin 1B receptor is required for some of the behavioral effects of psilocybin in mice", "normalized_title": "the serotonin 1b receptor is required for some of the behavioral effects of psilocybin in mice", "authors": "Fleury S, Nautiyal KM.", "abstract": "Recent studies highlight the promising use of psychedelic therapies for psychiatric disorders, including depression. The persisting clinical effects of psychedelics such as psilocybin are commonly attributed to activation of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) based on its role in the acute hallucinatory effects. However, the active metabolite of psilocybin binds to many serotonin receptor subtypes, including the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR). Given the known role of 5-HT1BR in mediating depressive phenotypes and promoting neural plasticity, we hypothesized that it mediates the effects of psilocybin on neural activity and behavior. We first examined the acute neural response to psilocybin in mice lacking 5-HT1BR. We found that 5-HT1BR expression influenced brain-wide activity following psilocybin administration, measured by differences in the patterns of the immediate early gene c-Fos, across regions involved in emotional processing and cognitive function, including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Functionally, we demonstrated that 5-HT1BR mediates some of the acute and persisting behavioral effects of psilocybin. Although there was no effect of 5-HT1BR expression on the acute head twitch response, mice lacking 5-HT1BRs had attenuated hypolocomotion to psilocybin. We also measured the persisting effects of psilocybin on anhedonia and anxiety-like behavior using transgenic and pharmacological 5-HT1BR loss-of-function models and found that 5-HT1B is involved in mediating the decreased anhedonia and reduced anxiety-like behavior. Finally, using a network analysis, we identified neural circuits through which 5-H1BR may modulate the response to psilocybin. Overall, our research implicates the 5-HT1BR, a non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor, as a mediator of the behavioral and neural effects of psilocybin in mice.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-10-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.10.18.618582", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.18.618582", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR928116\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 937, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted neurofeedback for the improvement of executive functions: a randomized semi-naturalistic-lab feasibility study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted neurofeedback for the improvement of executive functions a randomized semi naturalistic lab feasibility study", "authors": "Stefanie Enriquez-Geppert, Jaroslav Krc, Fiachra O'Higgins, Morten Peter Lietz", "abstract": "Executive function deficits, common in psychiatric disorders, hinder daily activities and may be linked to diminished neural plasticity, affecting treatment and training responsiveness. In this pioneering study, we evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of psilocybin-assisted frontal-midline theta neurofeedback (NF), a neuromodulation technique leveraging neuroplasticity, to improve executive functions (EFs). Thirty-seven eligible participants were randomized into an experimental group ( n = 18) and a passive control group ( n = 19). The experimental group underwent three microdose sessions and then three psilocybin-assisted NF sessions, without requiring psychological support, demonstrating the approach’s feasibility. NF learning showed a statistical trend for increases in frontal-midline theta from session to session with a large effect size and non-significant but medium effect size dynamical changes within sessions. Placebo effects were consistent across groups, with no tasks-based EF improvements, but significant self-reported gains in daily EFs-working memory, shifting, monitoring and inhibition-showing medium and high effect sizes. The experimental group’s significant gains in their key training goals underscored the approach’s external relevance. A thorough study with regular sessions and an active control group is crucial to evaluate EFs improvement and their specificity in future. Psilocybin-enhanced NF could offer significant, lasting benefits across diagnoses, improving daily functioning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Neurofeedback: new territories and neurocognitive mechanisms of endogenous neuromodulation’.", "journal": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences", "publication_date": "2024-10-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1098/rstb.2023.0095", "pubmed_id": "39428872", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0095", "keywords": "Neurofeedback, Psychology, Neurocognitive, Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Cognition, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": 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"id": 3453, "title": "Neurobiological Effects of Psilocybin in Treatment Resistant Bipolar Depression: An Emotional-Processing fMRI Pilot Study", "normalized_title": "neurobiological effects of psilocybin in treatment resistant bipolar depression an emotional processing fmri pilot study", "authors": "University Health Network, Toronto", "abstract": "This study is an open-label, single-arm, proof-of-concept study, wherein treatment resistant bipolar depression (TRBD) participants will receive one 25 mg dose of oral psilocybin accompanied by preparatory, monitoring, and integration psychotherapy sessions (psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, or PAP). Using fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), the findings of this study will provide data on the neurobiological mechanism of psilocybin in TRBD. The primary objective is to understand the dynamic role of amygdala activity by evaluating the neurobiological effects of a single psychedelic dose (25 mg) of oral psilocybin in individuals with a moderate to severe major depressive episode and a primary diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder, with 2 or more failed treatment trials (i.e., treatment resistant bipolar depression \\[TRBD\\]). Neurobiological effects will be determined by evaluating the association between post-treatment right amygdala activity during the facial affect task (determined by fMRI one day after the psilocybin dose) and antidepressant effects (determined by changes in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale \\[MADRS\\] scores over time, during the one-week period post-psilocybin dose). This is a single-arm, open-label clinical trial wherein all participants will receive the same study intervention. Hypothesis: Increased right amygdala activity on fMRI with emotional stimuli one day after psilocybin treatment will be associated with greater antidepressant effects in the one-week period post-treatment in individuals with TRBD. Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) spend a third of their lives in the midst of a depressive episode. BD is a severe and persistent mental illness with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3%. Bipolar depression remains a significant treatment challenge, with a paucity of evidence-based treatments. Only four pharmacological treatments for acute bipolar depression (cariprazine, olanzapine-fluoxetine combination, quetiapine, and lurasidone) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Other medications often used for the treatment of BD are those primarily used to treat mania or psychosis (i.e., lithium; antipsychotics) or major depressive disorder (MDD) (i.e., antidepressants). Lamotrigine, which is recommended by international guidelines as a maintenance treatment for BD to prevent depressive recurrence, has limited efficacy for acute BD. Current medication options are also limited by adverse effects, including renal and thyroid impairment with long-term lithium therapy and weight gain and metabolic abnormalities with atypical antipsychotics. Furthermore, treatment outcomes remain poor, particularly for depressive episodes, with over one-third of patients failing to respond to two or more first-line treatments. Hence, there is a clear need for novel and efficacious treatments for BD. However, there is a limited understanding of the neurobiology of BD, which poses as a major barrier to identifying truly innovative treatments. Psilocybin is a chemical compound that naturally occurs in certain species of mushrooms, (for example, in the psilocybe genus, among others). It belongs to a class of drugs referred to as \"psychedelics\". Psilocybin is a tryptamine which is chemically similar to the neurotransmitter, serotonin, and the essential amino acid, tryptophan. It is considered a 5-hydroxytrptamineric (serotonergic) psychedelic along with other similar drugs such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and lysergic acid dieythamide (LSD). Psilocybin is a product for the pharmacologically active ingredient psilocin, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts as a potential partial agonist at serotonin 5HT2A and 5HT2c receptors in the brain. Typical effects of psilocybin include significantly altered states of consciousness, experienced through visual and auditory effects, changes in perception, distortions of time; and a range of effects including a sense of awe, novel perspectives, existential and personal insight, dramatically heightened empathy and feelings of compassion, strong emotions, and unitive experience. With proper screening and preparation, psilocybin has a safe physiological and psychological profile. Psilocybin is currently the preferred compound for use in clinical research involving 5-hydroxytrptaminergic psychedelics because it has a shorter duration of action and suffers from less notoriety and stigma than other similar drugs. Two recently completed clinical trials have assessed the effects of psilocybin on TRD in participants with BDII. The first study was a non-randomized controlled trial that demonstrated a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin with accompanying PAP led to a decrease in MADRS scores in all study participants (n=15) at the 3-week primary endpoint. The second study was a randomized controlled trial that included participants with both unipolar (n=27) and bipolar treatment-resistant depression (n=4), wherein all participants received at least one 25 mg dose of psilocybin with accompanying PAP (with the exception of one participant who dropped out of the study before receiving the study intervention). Participants had the opportunity to receive up to two additional 25 mg doses of psilocybin with accompanying PAP, if they were eligible to receive a repeat dose as per the study protocol. Both trials demonstrated that 25 mg of psilocybin resulted in a decrease of depressive symptoms in participants with treatment-resistant bipolar depression, without increased incidence of manic or hypomanic symptoms. Beyond the clinical benefits observed, psilocybin has provided several new insights into the neurobiology of depression, with dozens of additional, ongoing mechanistic studies underway. Neuroimaging studies evaluating the effects of psilocybin in treatment-resistant (unipolar) depression (TRD) have provided surprising neurobiological insights that have called into question several assumptions of mood disorders. In an open-label TRD trial evaluating the antidepressant and neurobiological effects of psilocybin, increased activity of the right amygdala was observed in response to fearful and happy faces post-treatment. Psilocybin's antidepressant effects were associated with increased right amygdala responses to negative emotional stimuli, an opposite effect to previous findings with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Wherein SSRIs mitigate negative emotions, psilocybin might allow patients to feel, confront and work through them. These findings also suggest that neurobiological targets and mechanisms required to alleviate TRD, may be different from non-resistant depression, where SSRIs are often effective by reducing amygdala response to negative stimuli. Notably, the impact of psilocybin on amygdala function varies inter-individually depending on baseline mood state. More specifically, in healthy volunteers, psilocybin has been shown to decrease amygdala response to emotional stimuli, whereas in TRD, psilocybin was associated with increased amygdala response. Evaluating the effects of psilocybin in TRBD may improve the investigator's understanding of the neurobiology of bipolar depression by dynamically evaluating altered amygdala function and associated changes in depressive symptoms over time.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-10-17", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06506019", "keywords": "Bipolar Depression, Psilocybin, Functional MRI, RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT06506019\",\"overall_status\":\"RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 946, "title": "Psilocybin and the glutamatergic pathway: implications for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and the glutamatergic pathway implications for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases", "authors": "Szpręgiel I, Bysiek A.", "abstract": "In recent decades, psilocybin has gained attention as a potential drug for several mental disorders. Clinical and preclinical studies have provided evidence that psilocybin can be used as a fast-acting antidepressant. However, the exact mechanisms of action of psilocybin have not been clearly defined. Data show that psilocybin as an agonist of 5-HT2A receptors located in cortical pyramidal cells exerted a significant effect on glutamate (GLU) extracellular levels in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Increased GLU release from pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex results in increased activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons and, consequently, increased release of the GABA neurotransmitter. It seems that this mechanism appears to promote the antidepressant effects of psilocybin. By interacting with the glutamatergic pathway, psilocybin seems to participate also in the process of neuroplasticity. Therefore, the aim of this mini-review is to discuss the available literature data indicating the impact of psilocybin on glutamatergic neurotransmission and its therapeutic effects in the treatment of depression and other diseases of the nervous system.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-10-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-024-00660-y", "pubmed_id": "39412581", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00660-y", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Glutamic Acid, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Mental Disorders, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39412581\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 993, "title": "Snapshot of 5-HT2A receptor activation in the mouse brain via IP1 detection", "normalized_title": "snapshot of 5 ht2a receptor activation in the mouse brain via ip1 detection", "authors": "de la Fuente Revenga M, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "The distinct subjective effects that define psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin or DOI as drug class are causally linked to activation of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R). However, some aspects of 5-HT2A R pharmacology remain elusive, such as what molecular drivers differentiate psychedelic from non-psychedelic 5-HT2A R agonists. We developed an ex vivo platform to obtain snapshots of drug-mediated 5-HT2A R engagement of the canonical G q/11 pathway in native tissue. This non-radioactive methodology captures the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic events leading up to changes in inositol monophosphate (IP1 ) in the mouse brain. The specificity of this method was assessed by comparing IP1 levels in homogenates from the frontal cortex in DOI-treated wild-type and 5-HT2A R-KO animals compared to other brain regions, namely striatum and cerebellum. Furthermore, we encountered that head-twitch response (HTR) counts and IP1 in the frontal cortex were correlated. We observed that IP1 levels in frontal cortex homogenates from mice treated with LSD and lisuride vary in magnitude, consistent with LSD’s 5-HT2A R agonism and psychedelic nature, and lisuride’s lack thereof. MDMA evoked an increase of IP1 signal in the frontal cortex that were not matched by the serotonin precursor 5-HTP or the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. We attribute differences in the readout primarily to the indirect stimulation of 5-HT2A R by MDMA via serotonin release from its presynaptic terminals. This methodology enables capturing a snapshot of IP1 turnover in the mouse brain that can provide mechanistic insights in the study of psychedelics and other serotonergic agents pharmacodynamics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-10-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.10.11.617861", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.11.617861", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR923549\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 994, "title": "Neuroprotective effects of psilocybin in a rat model of stroke", "normalized_title": "neuroprotective effects of psilocybin in a rat model of stroke", "authors": "Seong-Jin Yu, Kuo-Jen Wu, Yu-Syuan Wang, Eun-Kyung Bae, Fabio Chianelli, Nicholas C. Bambakidis, Yun Wang", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin is a psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonist found in \"magic mushrooms\". Recent studies have indicated that 5HT2A agonists, such as dimethyltryptamine, given before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), improve staircase behavior, increased BDNF expression, and reduce brain infarction in stroke rats. The objective of this study is to determine the protective effect of psilocybin in cellular and animal models of stroke. METHODS: Adult male and timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. The neural protective effects of psilocybin were determined in primary rat cortical neurons and adult rats. Rats were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain tissues were collected for histological and qRTPCR analysis. RESULTS: Psilocybin reduced glutamate-mediated neuronal loss in rat primary cortical neuronal cultures. Psilocybin-mediated protection in culture was antagonized by the BDNF inhibitor ANA12. Pretreatment with psilocybin reduced brain infarction and neurological deficits in stroke rats. Early post-treatment with psilocybin improved locomotor behavior, upregulated the expression of MAP2 and synaptophysin, and down-regulated the expression of IBA1 in the stroke brain. ANA12 significantly attenuated psilocybin-mediated reduction in brain infarction and improvements in locomotor behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Psilocybin reduced brain infarction and improved locomotor behavior in stroke rats; the protective mechanisms involve regulating BDNF expression. Our data support a novel therapeutic approach of psilocybin in stroke.", "journal": "BMC Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-10-07", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1186/s12868-024-00903-x", "pubmed_id": "39379834", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-024-00903-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Neuroprotection, Stroke (engine), Glutamate receptor, Anesthesia, Medicine, Pharmacology, NMDA receptor, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Receptor, Mechanical engineering, Engineering, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403209589\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403209589\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1923056893\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969521177\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981082943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997530403\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009214717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012359897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014035493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030603509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038157352\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052566611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061138867\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084847443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086679639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092486191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098184104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125683177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144994572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152091665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332087446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344557407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2514230508\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2730045692\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735104323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797188567\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002350370\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006005031\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081977832\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088903353\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163351333\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191550608\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204019137\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284665615\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321482533\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011962611\",\"display_name\":\"Seong-Jin Yu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-5883\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027594849\",\"display_name\":\"Kuo-Jen Wu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022068530\",\"display_name\":\"Yu-Syuan Wang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082069599\",\"display_name\":\"Eun-Kyung Bae\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-716X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107820224\",\"display_name\":\"Fabio Chianelli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008385581\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas C. Bambakidis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-9432\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100377623\",\"display_name\":\"Yun Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-636X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S82595977\",\"source_display_name\":\"BMC Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-024-00903-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403209589" }, { "id": 973, "title": "Psilocybin reduces functional correlation and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces functional correlation and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex", "authors": "Victorita E. Ivan, David P. Tomàs-Cuesta, Ingrid M. Esteves, Artur Luczak, Majid H. Mohajerani, Bruce L. McNaughton, Aaron J. Gruber", "abstract": "Abstract Psychedelic drugs have profound effects on perception, cognition and mood. How psychedelics affect neural signaling to produce these effects remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of the classic psychedelic psilocybin on neural activity patterns and spatial encoding in the retrosplenial cortex of head-fixed mice navigating on a treadmill. The place specificity of neurons to distinct locations along the belt was reduced by psilocybin. Moreover, the stability of place-related activity across trials decreased. Psilocybin also reduced the functional correlation among simultaneously recorded neurons. The 5-HT2A R (serotonin 2A receptor) antagonist ketanserin blocked these effects. These data are consistent with proposals that psychedelics increase the entropy of neural signaling and provide a potential neural mechanism contributing to disorientation frequently reported by humans after taking psychedelics.", "journal": "European Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-10-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/ejn.16558", "pubmed_id": "39364682", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16558", "keywords": "Retrosplenial cortex, Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Perception, Cortex (anatomy), Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403136437\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403136437\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"https://openalex.org/W975385166\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966066878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990914734\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004824191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006297964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008936540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016201534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028909059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045027219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071869259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112090702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129440177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151239423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162833336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2229908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2231009150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2469581795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595012769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2724140672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2743651283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773072410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800566182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883512183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923100148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952684909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014316040\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015902292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039116382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093454394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3104329671\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205345942\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287981303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385607029\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029312421\",\"display_name\":\"Victorita E. Ivan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-2326\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092788056\",\"display_name\":\"David P. Tomàs-Cuesta\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079389616\",\"display_name\":\"Ingrid M. Esteves\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047020510\",\"display_name\":\"Artur Luczak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-5781\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042713751\",\"display_name\":\"Majid H. Mohajerani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-2977\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041993733\",\"display_name\":\"Bruce L. McNaughton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2080-5258\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044129448\",\"display_name\":\"Aaron J. Gruber\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-5429\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S171130801\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16558\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403136437" }, { "id": 1016, "title": "Psilocybin increases optimistic engagement over time: computational modelling of behaviour in rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin increases optimistic engagement over time computational modelling of behaviour in rats", "authors": "Elizabeth L. Fisher, Ryan Smith, Kyna-Anne Conn, Andrew W. Corcoran, Laura K Milton, Jakob Hohwy, Claire J. Foldi", "abstract": "Psilocybin has shown promise as a novel pharmacological intervention for treatment of depression, where post-acute effects of psilocybin treatment have been associated with increased positive mood and decreased pessimism. Although psilocybin is proving to be effective in clinical trials for treatment of psychiatric disorders, the information processing mechanisms affected by psilocybin are not well understood. Here, we fit active inference and reinforcement learning computational models to a novel two-armed bandit reversal learning task capable of capturing engagement behaviour in rats. The model revealed that after receiving psilocybin, rats achieve more rewards through increased task engagement, mediated by modification of forgetting rates and reduced loss aversion. These findings suggest that psilocybin may afford an optimism bias that arises through altered belief updating, with translational potential for clinical populations characterised by lack of optimism.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-09-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-024-03103-7", "pubmed_id": "39349428", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03103-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychology, Hallucinogen, Cognitive psychology, Psychotherapist, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402975017\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402975017\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1519457851\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951245330\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966037459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000576846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015005796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045833919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050383033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066463984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080439366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080737120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083254456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096022216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113257799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113338864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117107695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129972322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140308441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140641091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147335186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152437364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156653674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166385830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168359464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170487891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172647928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2176365174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276520418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2293194104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2511946169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2522341857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2535059860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550455161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552810632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597330569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623815636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746329718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765691357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783542416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793943160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801086494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806513910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889504249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893663527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944624840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952908749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964026977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990427812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003886363\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118769118\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139430135\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146164047\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210522543\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210540540\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226023986\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226400653\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232964083\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238293282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282916454\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286684975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291162385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293462124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294281159\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295138812\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297460559\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312129061\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395688958\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089758560\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth L. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-9291\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002511145\",\"display_name\":\"Ryan Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-185X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016384733\",\"display_name\":\"Kyna-Anne Conn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-7885\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035909452\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew W. Corcoran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-4883\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010010872\",\"display_name\":\"Laura K Milton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1664-8337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083789193\",\"display_name\":\"Jakob Hohwy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-3060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003584852\",\"display_name\":\"Claire J. Foldi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-8242\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03103-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402975017" }, { "id": 866, "title": "Comparing psilocybin to metformin as neuroprotective agents against Parkinson's dementia: A systematic review of evidence and efficacy.", "normalized_title": "comparing psilocybin to metformin as neuroprotective agents against parkinson s dementia a systematic review of evidence and efficacy", "authors": "Ordovich-Clarkson RD, Jabbour M, Pelayo DA, Lara D, La Croix S, Mumman M, Stukas S, Anderson R, Meraz D, Bangura A, Anderson B, Bamrud L, Blake C.", "abstract": "Background & aimTreatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has remained largely unchanged and focuses primarily on symptomatic relief through activation of dopaminergic pathways. Currently, there are no proven prophylactic approaches to the prevention of PD. This systematic review seeks to compare two separate compounds, metformin (MTF) and psilocybin, as potential prophylactic therapeutics against the development of PD.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic review focusing on primary studies that test these compounds on cell and animal models to determine if they might have any neuroprotective or neuroplastic effects.ResultsThe results of this review found that MTF may halt the progression of diseases such as PD through multiple mechanisms including reduced oxidative stress at the level of the mitochondria, thereby reducing α-synuclein related damage. Psilocybin, on the other hand, may increase repair of damaged neurons through psychoplastogenic activation of serotonergic pathways, particularly 5-HT2A receptor activation, ultimately increasing the release of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and the reduction of α-synuclein accumulation.ConclusionImplications of this study include a need for further research in off-label use of MTF as well as further research into serotonergic compounds such as psilocybin for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-09-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111155", "pubmed_id": "39357666", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111155", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Dementia, Metformin, Neuroprotective Agents, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39357666\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mitochondrial Function,Oxidative Stress,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4546, "title": "The Action on Psilocybin in Neural Plasticity, Brain Reorganization and Cognitive Enhancement", "normalized_title": "the action on psilocybin in neural plasticity brain reorganization and cognitive enhancement", "authors": "Carlos Henrique Marchiori, Marco Vinícios de Oliveira Santana, Klebert de Paula Malheiros", "abstract": "Psilocybin and psilocin do not cause addiction or dependence, as they do not interact with the dopaminergic reward system. New pharmacological treatment strategies for substance abuse disorders have targeted craving, which is characterized, in a simplified way, by an intense desire to use the substance. Psilocybin is an indole alkaloid of the hallucinogenic tryptamine group whose molecular structure resembles that of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which you may know as psilocin, especially in its dephosphorylated form. In Brazil, it is authorized by Anvisa through Ordinance 344 of 1998, provided that special authorization is obtained from the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health. The manuscript aims to verify the Action of psilocybin in neural plasticity, brain reorganization, and cognitive enhancement. This paper is a narrative review of the literature, which is designed to explain and discuss a certain subject from a theoretical or contextual perspective, to allow the reader to acquire or update knowledge on a specific topic. The search for scientific articles that comprised this review was carried out in Academic.edu, Biological Abstract, Google Scholar, HAL, Qeios, ResearchGate, Scielo, and SSRN. The inclusion criteria were original articles and reviews, published nationally and internationally in full, available electronically, and published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. There is also a growing popularity of psilocybin and other psychedelics for health purposes. Mushrooms can be important for improving various conditions and symptoms of disorders. People report that this type of mushroom specifically works against fatigue, discouragement, depression, anxiety, and cognition, and helps to deal with withdrawal symptoms from some addiction. Increased concentration can be observed, with improved brain activity.", "journal": "Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences", "publication_date": "2024-09-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i05.001", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i05.001", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Neuroplasticity, Cognition, Psychology, Action (physics), Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Hallucinogen, Physics, Psychiatry, Quantum mechanics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403659615\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403659615\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023201531\",\"display_name\":\"Carlos Henrique Marchiori\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-7597\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108942518\",\"display_name\":\"Marco Vinícios de Oliveira Santana\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5094108752\",\"display_name\":\"Klebert de Paula Malheiros\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284277\",\"source_display_name\":\"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i05.001\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403659615" }, { "id": 4548, "title": "Psychedelics as novel therapeutic agents for chronic pain: mechanisms and future perspectives", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as novel therapeutic agents for chronic pain mechanisms and future perspectives", "authors": "Bushra Yasin, Shivani Mehta, George Tewfik, Alex Bekker", "abstract": "Chronic neuropathic pain is a significant public health issue affecting an estimated 1.5 billion individuals worldwide. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain are multifaceted and not fully understood. Chronic pain amplifies specific neural pathways through peripheral and central sensitization triggered by repeated exposure to noxious stimuli, ultimately resulting in physical and emotional pain. Traditional treatment options targeting these mechanisms, such as opioid and non-opioid analgesics, are associated with adverse effects, addiction, and suboptimal pain relief. Using psychedelics to treat chronic pain is an area of growing interest. While psychedelic substances, such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, mescaline, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine are primarily associated with recreational use or spiritual practices, emerging evidence suggests their potential therapeutic benefits for various mental health disorders, including chronic pain. Psychedelics alter pain perception by directly activating serotonin receptors, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, enhancing descending inhibition, opening a window of neuroplasticity, and facilitating synaptic remodeling. This review mainly elucidates the ongoing research regarding the psychedelic mechanisms of action, pharmacology, clinical applications, and therapeutic potential in treating neuropathic pain.", "journal": "Exploration of neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-09-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.37349/en.2024.00058", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/en.2024.00058", "keywords": "Chronic pain, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402735435\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402735435\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1546259857\",\"https://openalex.org/W1553790444\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966023781\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967353658\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968192520\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970393223\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971378818\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974907074\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980841278\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980997765\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984214570\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988679022\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999427970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013314298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016437478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017138085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018212284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024269125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027476620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035784753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045877881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050340080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056232804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065693314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077532330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081828346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086009833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088870885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114256414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118428004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129541348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148694444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160829173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164005268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164164342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474274656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2517871020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751240458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784340661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786697307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804789712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885604674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949994910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954874884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2956008849\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088200196\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090852378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091208455\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207118785\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205164075\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211011432\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255839243\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296163279\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389549766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392794286\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399519673\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030509975\",\"display_name\":\"Bushra Yasin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-2789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103049709\",\"display_name\":\"Shivani Mehta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9128-8351\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015699078\",\"display_name\":\"George Tewfik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-6436\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085894922\",\"display_name\":\"Alex Bekker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-6714\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4393919737\",\"source_display_name\":\"Exploration of neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.37349/en.2024.00058\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Review Article,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402735435" }, { "id": 3151, "title": "Distinct classes of antidepressants commonly act to shape pallidal structure and function in mice", "normalized_title": "distinct classes of antidepressants commonly act to shape pallidal structure and function in mice", "authors": "Abe Y, Sugiura Y, Maeda R, Taira S, Yoshida K, Ibi D, Moritoh S, Hashimoto K, Yagishita S, Tanaka KF.", "abstract": "Antidepressants including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, ketamine, and psilocybin are all effective for treating depression despite their distinct primary mechanisms. We hypothesized that these drugs may share a common mechanism that underlies their therapeutic actions. We treated mice with one of the following: escitalopram, R- / S -/ RS- ketamine, or psilocin. Additionally, groups exposed to electroconvulsive stimulation and a saline control were included. Following treatment, fixed brains underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, and voxel-based morphometry was performed to evaluate brain-wide volumetric changes. Compared with control treatment, we observed greater volumes in the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and external globus pallidus across all antidepressant treatments, and a smaller volume in the mediodorsal thalamus. Specifically, R -ketamine, RS -ketamine, and psilocin induced more pronounced hypertrophy of the ventral pallidum, whereas selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and S -ketamine predominantly increased the volume of the external globus pallidus. Further analyses using super-resolution microscopy and imaging mass spectrometry revealed corresponding microstructural and molecular changes. Greater pallidal volume was associated with striatal medium spiny neuron terminal hypertrophy and elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Interestingly, all antidepressants were also associated with higher striatal dopamine content. Moreover, striatal vesicular GABA transporter overexpression reproduced the medium spiny neuron terminal hypertrophy and increased pallidal GABA content, and was associated with a reduction in innate anxiety. These findings indicate that despite their pharmacological diversity, antidepressant treatments lead to shared pallidum-centered structural and molecular changes. We propose that these shared changes may potentiate the striato-pallidal inhibitory circuit, thereby contributing to the overall antidepressant effect.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-09-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.09.23.614626", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.23.614626", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR914838\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 891, "title": "Single-dose psilocybin alters resting state functional networks in patients with body dysmorphic disorder", "normalized_title": "single dose psilocybin alters resting state functional networks in patients with body dysmorphic disorder", "authors": "Xi Zhu, Chen Zhang, David J. Hellerstein, Jamie D. Feusner, Michael G. Wheaton, Gloria J. Gomez, Franklin R. Schneier", "abstract": "Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance, which the individual views as defective or ugly. Psilocybin, a serotonin 2A receptor agonist with psychedelic properties, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for depression and other psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identify subacute neural changes predicting symptomatic response to psilocybin treatment in adults with BDD. Eight adults with moderate-to-severe nondelusional BDD were administered a single oral 25 mg dose of psilocybin, accompanied by psychological support, and underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments 1 day before and 1 day after the dosing. Both a region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) were used to identify changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) at day 1 after dosing that predicted treatment response at week 1, measured by change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale Modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS) score. All participants completed the dosing and follow-up assessments over 12 weeks. BDD-YBOCS scores decreased at week 1 and week 12 after dosing ( p", "journal": "Psychedelics.", "publication_date": "2024-09-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.61373/pp024r.0028", "pubmed_id": "40458078", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.61373/pp024r.0028", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Dosing, Default mode network, Psychology, Precuneus, Insula, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Resting state fMRI, Body dysmorphic disorder, Medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Neuroscience, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404286681\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404286681\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1983183519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018547452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060881658\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078580484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114793091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129624700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137677848\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141569728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145526417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147106787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161156593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2301236282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2345939122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2394498068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2500148698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561379698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769055667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943891126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989074529\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010695255\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082152923\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137759568\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211486222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205131437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220898268\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225626772\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282964615\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297229036\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310295919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361279088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366989647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387306566\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390629750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392203910\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100616028\",\"display_name\":\"Xi Zhu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-2901\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Chen Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1888-1063\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048687842\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Hellerstein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-4354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040702751\",\"display_name\":\"Jamie D. Feusner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-345X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010843064\",\"display_name\":\"Michael G. Wheaton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-7879\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027298292\",\"display_name\":\"Gloria J. Gomez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-9223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038025366\",\"display_name\":\"Franklin R. Schneier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-2693\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404675698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.61373/pp024r.0028\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404286681" }, { "id": 997, "title": "Effect of psilocybin versus escitalopram on depression symptom severity in patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder: observational 6-month follow-up of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin versus escitalopram on depression symptom severity in patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder observational 6 month follow up of a phase 2 double blind randomised controlled trial", "authors": "David Erritzøe, Tommaso Barba, Kyle T. Greenway, Roberta Murphy, Jonny Martell, Bruna Giribaldi, Christopher Timmermann, Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner, Michelle Baker Jones, David Nutt, Brandon Weiss, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin therapy (PT) produces rapid and persistent antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the long-term effects of PT have never been compared with gold-standard treatments for MDD such as pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy alone or in combination. Methods: This is a 6-month follow-up study of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial involving patients with moderate-to-severe MDD. Participants were recruited from a hospital in the UK. Male or female patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV), moderate to severe depression (HAM-D ≥17), no MRI or SSRI contraindications, confirmed diagnosis by a GP or mental healthcare professional, aged 18-80, and competent in English were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either two 25 mg doses of the psychedelic drug psilocybin administered orally combined with psychological support ('psilocybin therapy' or PT) and book-ended by further support or a 6-week course of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram (administered daily at 10 mg for three weeks and 20 mg for the subsequent three weeks) plus matched psychological support ('escitalopram treatment' or ET). The primary outcome measure was change from baseline in the score on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR-16) at week 6, which has been reported previously. Herein, we present results at the 6-month follow-up time point. Measures of social functioning, connectedness, and meaning in life constituted the study's secondary outcomes during follow-up. Safety in the follow-up period was not assessed. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03429075. Findings: Between January 15th, 2019 and March 20th, 2020, 59 patients were enrolled and 30 (11 females [37%] and 19 males [63%]) were assigned to the psilocybin group and 29 (9 females [31%] and 20 males [69%]) to the escitalopram group. 25 participants in the PT group and 21 in the ET group completed the 6-month follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up, both PT and ET conditions yielded sustained improvements in depressive symptom severity. The mean between-condition difference in QIDS-SR-16 scores at 6-months was 1.51 (95% CI: -1.35, 4.38; p = 0.311). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that PT had greater mean between-condition differences in functioning (WSAS: -7.46; 95% CI: -12.4, -2.47; p < 0.001), psychological connectedness (WCS: 11.02; 95% CI: 1.25, 20.83; p = 0.033), and meaning in life (MLQ: 4.86; 95% CI: 0.67, 9.05; p = 0.021) compared to ET. Interpretation: Six-week intensive treatments with either psilocybin or escitalopram (with psychological support) for MDD were associated with long-term improvements in depressive symptom severity. The greater degree of improvement in the PT arm at follow-up on psychosocial functioning, meaning in life, and psychological connectedness suggests warrant future research. However, these results are descriptive and should be interpreted with caution. Key limitations of the study include its suboptimal power to detect small but meaningful differences between treatments, missing data, the potential use of additional interventions during the follow-up period, and reliance on self-reported treatment assessments. These factors may affect the interpretation of the study findings and should be considered when evaluating the results. Funding: The Alexander Mosley Charitable Trust and by the founding partners of Imperial College London's Centre for Psychedelic Research.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "publication_date": "2024-09-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102799", "pubmed_id": "39764567", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102799", "keywords": "Medicine, Escitalopram, Observational study, Randomized controlled trial, Depression (economics), Double blind, Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Internal medicine, Placebo, Alternative medicine, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Anxiety, Mood, Pathology, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402747955\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":45,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W243214355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974739407\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977897138\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981738711\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983358521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013523345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063225659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082645015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096230543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101540672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102133850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105435220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115086661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115905656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129310294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140505555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2201421223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2277633149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2293194104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346275821\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519531315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605671917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787695989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804876758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908544178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912654919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940262672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971304551\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031742716\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046057820\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182390788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203310594\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200330438\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220790925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223962004\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290631853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293801859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311508922\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313251651\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323567563\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323652410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367053025\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379284995\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382182909\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385173317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389606379\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391630740\",\"https://openalex.org/W6736394996\",\"https://openalex.org/W6748127778\",\"https://openalex.org/W6850232825\",\"https://openalex.org/W6853949751\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005427567\",\"display_name\":\"Tommaso Barba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-4628\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086630833\",\"display_name\":\"Kyle T. Greenway\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-493X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111666675\",\"display_name\":\"Roberta Murphy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036560266\",\"display_name\":\"Jonny Martell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020659258\",\"display_name\":\"Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113396956\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle Baker Jones\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113982589\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015600817\",\"display_name\":\"Brandon Weiss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-2981\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898347799\",\"source_display_name\":\"EClinicalMedicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102799\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Observational Study,Safety,Contraindications", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402747955" }, { "id": 3034, "title": "Acute psilocybin and ketanserin effects on cerebral blood flow: 5-HT2AR neuromodulation in healthy humans", "normalized_title": "acute psilocybin and ketanserin effects on cerebral blood flow 5 ht2ar neuromodulation in healthy humans", "authors": "Larsen K, Lindberg U, Ozenne B, McCulloch DE, Armand S, Madsen MK, Johansen A, Stenbæk DS, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM.", "abstract": "Psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, is a psychedelic and agonist at the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) that has shown positive therapeutic effects for brain disorders such as depression. To elucidate the brain effects of psilocybin, we directly compared the acute effects of 5-HT2AR agonist (psilocybin) and antagonist (ketanserin) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a single-blind, cross-over study in 28 healthy participants. We evaluated associations between plasma psilocin level (PPL) or subjective drug intensity (SDI) and CBF. We also evaluated drug effects on internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter using time-of-flight MRI angiography. PPL and SDI were significantly negatively associated with regional and global CBF (∼11.5% at peak drug effect, p", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-09-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.09.19.24313958", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.19.24313958", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR913484\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 974, "title": "Low-dose psilocybin in short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: results from an open-label phase Ib ascending dose study", "normalized_title": "low dose psilocybin in short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks results from an open label phase ib ascending dose study", "authors": "James Rucker, Matthew Butler, Sadie Hambleton, Catherine Bird, Mathieu Seynaeve, Sanjay Cheema, Kete Campbell-Coker, Carolina Maggio, Fiona Dunbar, Giorgio Lambru, Manjit Matharu", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA) are trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias that feature intense and recurrent paroxysms of pain and autonomic symptoms. Many patients are left with debilitating symptoms despite best-available treatment. Psychedelics, such as the serotonin 2A partial agonist psilocybin, have shown promise in related disorders such as migraine and cluster headache. In this open-label phase Ib ascending dose study, we aimed to assess the effects of low-dose oral psilocybin with psychological support in six to 12 patients with chronic SUNHA. Study objectives were to determine effects on cognition, as well as safety, tolerability, and effects on headache severity and frequency. METHODS: Oral psilocybin in ascending doses of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg (one dose per session; three dosing sessions in total) were administered. Cognition was assessed via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery. Headache attacks were assessed via headache diaries and the six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). Subjective dose intensity was assessed via the five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC). The study was terminated early due to recruitment difficulties; four patients were enrolled, three of whom were study completers. Post hoc, we undertook a thematic analysis of the applicable free-text clinical trial notes from the dosing and subsequent visits (n = 22). An inductive method was employed to establish emergent themes. RESULTS: No significant adverse events were recorded. We were unable to collect data as planned on cognitive function during the acute experience due to high ratings of subjective dose intensity (mean 5D-ASC scores 37.8-45.7). The impact of the headaches remained severe throughout the duration of the trial (HIT-6 mean scores 64.3-65.7). There were limited effects on headache duration and severity based on the diaries; however, mean daily attack frequency decreased by >50% in two participants at final follow-up (22.9 to 11.0 and 56.4 to 28.0, respectively). Completing participants and their clinicians recorded \"much\" (two participants) or \"minimal\" improvements (one participant) at final follow-up via the Clinical Global Impression rating scale. Thematic analysis indicated that psychological insights were key features of participants' experience; these insights included re-configured relationships to their headache pain. CONCLUSION: The study met with recruitment difficulties and cognition could not be assessed during the acute experience due to subjective dose intensity, likely mediated in part by expectancy effects. The clinical results provide no conclusive evidence for the use of psilocybin in SUNHA. We suggest that accounting for psychological factors in chronic SUNHA may be an important facet of treatment.", "journal": "Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain", "publication_date": "2024-09-19", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/head.14837", "pubmed_id": "39301810", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14837", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tolerability, Medicine, Migraine, Anesthesia, Adverse effect, Internal medicine, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Migraine and Headache Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402697828\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402697828\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1532044842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1742833546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984379622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999460576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002681598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022233689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049199131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068058964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134578184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2361632205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797337501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801085490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804789712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895315021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982708806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010491167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023228010\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025954068\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116233806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3169261903\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207135103\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220758381\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292117563\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318913756\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391036082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391109410\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037837514\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew Butler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-6539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107421289\",\"display_name\":\"Sadie Hambleton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033191459\",\"display_name\":\"Catherine Bird\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-6931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063914720\",\"display_name\":\"Mathieu Seynaeve\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069926672\",\"display_name\":\"Sanjay Cheema\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-6549\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071185535\",\"display_name\":\"Kete Campbell-Coker\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047075726\",\"display_name\":\"Carolina Maggio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-5557\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015903430\",\"display_name\":\"Fiona Dunbar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023034194\",\"display_name\":\"Giorgio Lambru\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-4776\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016058429\",\"display_name\":\"Manjit Matharu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-2294\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S96331937\",\"source_display_name\":\"Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14837\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402697828" }, { "id": 1019, "title": "CCNP Innovations in Neuropsychopharmacology Award: The psychopharmacology of psychedelics: where the brain meets spirituality.", "normalized_title": "ccnp innovations in neuropsychopharmacology award the psychopharmacology of psychedelics where the brain meets spirituality", "authors": "Gobbi G.", "abstract": "For 3000 years, psychedelics have been used in religious contexts to enhance spiritual thinking, well-being, and a sense of community. In the last few years, a renaissance in the use of psychedelic drugs for mental disorders has occurred in Western society; consequently, a pressing scientific need to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying their actions has arisen. Psychedelics mainly bind to serotonin (5-HT) receptors, particularly 5-HT2A receptors, but may also bind to other receptors. Unlike conventional psychotropic drugs used in psychiatry, psychedelics introduce a distinctive complexity. They not only engage in receptor activation, but also exert influence over specific neural circuits, thereby facilitating transformative cognitive experiences and fostering what many have identified as a spiritual contemplation or mystical experience. This comprehensive review describes clinical studies that have examined the propensity of psychedelics to enhance spiritual, mystical, and transcendent cognitive states. This multifaceted nature, encompassing diverse components and paradigms, necessitates careful consideration during the investigation of psychedelic mechanisms of action to avoid oversimplification. The present review endeavours to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the actions of 2 principal psychedelic substances, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), with a focus on monoamine and glutamate receptor mechanisms; molecular aspects, such as neuroplasticity and epigenetics; as well as the impact of psychedelics on brain circuits, including the default mode network and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical network. Given their distinctive and intricate mechanisms of action, psychedelics necessitate a novel conceptual framework in psychiatry, offering insight into the treatment of mental health disorders and facilitating the integration of the realms of brain, mind, and spirituality.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-09-18", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1503/jpn.240037", "pubmed_id": "39299781", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.240037", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Spirituality, Mental Disorders, Psychopharmacology, Awards and Prizes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39299781\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Epigenetics,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 948, "title": "Psychedelics: A review of their effects on recalled aversive memories and fear/anxiety expression in rodents.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics a review of their effects on recalled aversive memories and fear anxiety expression in rodents", "authors": "Werle I, Bertoglio LJ.", "abstract": "Threatening events and stressful experiences can lead to maladaptive memories and related behaviors. Existing treatments often fail to address these issues linked to anxiety/stress-related disorders effectively. This review identifies dose ranges associated with specific actions across various psychedelics. We examined psilocybin/psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), serotonin 2 A/2 C agonists (e.g., DOI) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on aversive memory extinction and reconsolidation, learned fear, anxiety, and locomotion in rodents. Nearly 400 studies published since 1957 were reviewed. Psychedelics often show biphasic effects on locomotion at doses that enhance extinction learning/retention, impair memory reconsolidation, or reduce learned fear and anxiety. Emerging evidence suggests a dissociation between their prospective benefits and locomotor effects. Under-explored aspects include sex differences, susceptibility to interference as memories age and generalize, repeated treatments, and immediate vs. delayed changes. Validating findings in traumatic-like memory and maladaptive fear/anxiety models is essential. Understanding how psychedelics modulate threat responses and post-retrieval memory processes in rodents may inform drug development and human studies, improving therapeutic approaches for related psychiatric conditions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-09-18", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105899", "pubmed_id": "39305969", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105899", "keywords": "Animals, Rodentia, Hallucinogens, Anxiety, Fear, Mental Recall, Extinction, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39305969\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4554, "title": "B - 61 Psilocybin as a First-Line Treatment of ADHD in Adult Populations", "normalized_title": "b 61 psilocybin as a first line treatment of adhd in adult populations", "authors": "James Perry, Cara C. Young, Julie Williams", "abstract": "Abstract Objectives The first line for symptom management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a class of medications that act on dopamine and noradrenaline receptors, which leads to symptom reduction at the cost of significant side effects. These side effects have led to community searching for alternative methods that manage ADHD symptoms in adults that lead to less side effects. Microdosing Psilocybin has emerged as a course of treatment that could provide benefits for those who may experience serious side effects to stimulant medication. Method This literature review was conducted using search terms such as, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychedelic treatment, stimulant treatment of ADHD, naturalistic treatment of ADHD, 5-HT, neural plasticity. Journals that reported about the benefits and concerns of Psilocybin use for ADHD are Neurochemistry International, American College of Neuropharmacology, European Psychology, Movement and Nutrition in Health and Disease, Journal of Psychopharmacology, and Psychiatry Research. Results Research shows that not only does microdosing Psilocybin have less adverse effects than stimulant medications when being used to treat ADHD, but it also leads to an alternative method that focuses on serotonin receptors when other avenues are unsuccessful. Conclusions This poster illustrates the alternative use of Psilocybin for treatment in ADHD and highlights neurological underpinnings that may lead to explaining success. Limitations of stimulant medications are also reviewed.", "journal": "Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology", "publication_date": "2024-09-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1093/arclin/acae067.222", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acae067.222", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:34", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402543724\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402543724\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102708924\",\"display_name\":\"James Perry\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-6037\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016749945\",\"display_name\":\"Cara C. Young\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-7145\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049840252\",\"display_name\":\"Julie Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0259\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S13265631\",\"source_display_name\":\"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acae067.222\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Review Article,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402543724" }, { "id": 3120, "title": "Psilocybin alters brain activity related to sensory and cognitive processing in a time-dependent manner", "normalized_title": "psilocybin alters brain activity related to sensory and cognitive processing in a time dependent manner", "authors": "Nikolic M, Mediano P, Froese T, Reydellet D, Palenicek T.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic and a novel treatment for mood disorders. Psilocybin induces dose-dependent transient (4-6 hours) usually pleasant changes in perception, cognition, and emotion by non-selectively agonizing the 5-HT2A receptors and negatively regulating serotonin reuptake, and long-term positive antidepressant effect on mood and well-being. Long-term effects are ascribed to the psychological quality of the acute experience, increase in synaptodensity and temporary (1-week) down-regulation of 5-HT2A receptors. Electroencephalography, a non-invasive neuroimaging tool, can track the acute effects of psilocybin; these include the suppression of alpha activity, decreased global connectivity, and increased brain entropy (i.e. brain signal diversity) in eyes-closed resting-state. However, few studies investigated how these modalities are affected together through the psychedelic experience. The current research aimed to evaluate the psilocybin intoxication temporal EEG profile. 20 healthy individuals (10 women) underwent oral administration of psilocybin (0.26 mg/kg ) as part of a placebo-controlled cross-over study, resting-state 5-minute eyes closed EEG was obtained at baseline and 1, 1.5, 3, 6, and 24 hours after psilocybin administration. Absolute power, relative power spectral density (PSD), power envelope global functional connectivity (GFC), Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ), and a Complexity via State-Space Entropy Rate (CSER) were obtained together with measures of subjective intensity of experience. Absolute power decreased in alpha and beta band, but increased in delta and gamma frequencies. 24h later was observed a broadband decrease. The PSD showed a decrease in alpha occipitally between 1 and 3 hours and a decrease in beta frontally at 3 hours, but power spectra distribution stayed the same 24h later. The GFC showed decrease acutely at 1, 1.5, and 3 hours in the alpha band. LZ and showed an increase at 1 and 1.5 hours. Decomposition of CSER into functional bands shows a decrease in alpha band but increase over higher frequencies. Further, complexity over a source space showed opposing changes in the Default Mode Network (DMN) and visual network between conditions, suggesting a relationship between signal complexity, stimulus integration, and perception of self. In an exploratory attempt, we found that a change in gamma GFC in DMN correlates with oceanic boundlessness. Psychological effects of psilocybin may be wrapped in personal interpretations and history unrelated to underlying neurobiological changes, but changes to perception of self may be bound to perceived loss of boundary based on whole brain synchrony with the DMN in higher frequency bands.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-09-10", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.09.09.24313316", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.09.24313316", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR909013\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 979, "title": "Psilocybin administered following extinction sessions does not affect subsequent cocaine cue reinstatement in male and female rats and mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin administered following extinction sessions does not affect subsequent cocaine cue reinstatement in male and female rats and mice", "authors": "Veronika Pohořalá, Martin Kuchař, Rainer Spanagel, Rick E. Bernardi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-09-02", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.006", "pubmed_id": "39236802", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.006", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Pharmacology, Psychology, Self-administration, Hallucinogen, Addiction, Medicine, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402169650\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402169650\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975055078\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978185260\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982026272\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992703852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017701460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020765636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024019426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027272303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033663562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047831967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053030710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063081732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071761663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079140185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080867289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120500541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141810434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168070960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2315129244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336982593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2395273171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430666023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2510429604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561654231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2575989573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767839789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788256404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949176571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983179222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989720669\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035451771\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110345791\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118672806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157887727\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213217218\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287981303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294219465\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294300887\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315619317\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318026423\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327813391\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362457938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366220780\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379094891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387005979\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387047256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388486766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391519062\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392193120\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396646618\",\"https://openalex.org/W4401212791\",\"https://openalex.org/W6645702080\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712205918\",\"https://openalex.org/W6850777613\",\"https://openalex.org/W6856531485\",\"https://openalex.org/W6857535621\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031084788\",\"display_name\":\"Veronika Pohořalá\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016315764\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Spanagel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-4521\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062334308\",\"display_name\":\"Rick E. Bernardi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S30122339\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.006\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402169650" }, { "id": 977, "title": "Psychoactive substances for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychoactive substances for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders", "authors": "Zhen Z, Sun X, Yuan S, Zhang J.", "abstract": "In the contemporary landscape of psychiatric medicine, critical advancements have been noted in the utilization of psychoactive substances such as hallucinogens, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and ketamine for the treatment of severe mental health disorders. This review provides a detailed evaluation of these substances, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the profound clinical outcomes observed in controlled environments. Hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin primarily target the 5-HT2A receptor agonist-2 (5-HT2AR), inducing substantial perceptual and cognitive shifts that facilitate deep psychological introspection and significant therapeutic advances, particularly in patients suffering from depression and anxiety disorders. MDMA, influencing multiple neurotransmitter systems including 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine, and norepinephrine, has been demonstrated to effectively alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, enhancing patients' emotional engagement and resilience during psychotherapy. Meanwhile, ketamine, a glutamate receptor antagonist, rapidly alleviates depressive symptoms, offering a lifeline for individuals with treatment-resistant depression through its fast-acting antidepressant properties. The integration of these substances into psychiatric practice has shown promising results, fundamentally changing the therapeutic landscape for patients unresponsive to traditional treatment modalities. However, the potent effects of these agents also necessitate a cautious approach in clinical application, ensuring careful dosage control, monitoring, and risk management to prevent potential abuse and mitigate adverse effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-09-02", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104193", "pubmed_id": "39243659", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104193", "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Ketamine, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Mental Disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39243659\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4560, "title": "G33 Psychedelic drugs for the treatment of chronic pain: is ketamine included?", "normalized_title": "g33 psychedelic drugs for the treatment of chronic pain is ketamine included", "authors": "Amany E. Ayad", "abstract": "One of the main causes of misery and incapacity is chronic pain, which is frequently linked to psychological issues. Psychedelic substances are drugs that can exert a psychological effect on patients. Psychedelic drugs like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, exert their action mainly via activation of the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A).1 In a trial to understand the actual mode of action of psychedelics in chronic pain setting; Joel Castellanos et al2 elaborated that, given the complexity of chronic pain, which is still not fully understood, a multitude of somatic and visceral afferent pain signals may strengthen specific neural circuits through peripheral and central sensitization, leading to the perception of both physical and emotional chronic pain experience. Consequently, psychedelics exert their influence on human nociceptive system modulation and serotonin pathway activation. Additionally, the alterations in functional connections (FC ) seen with psychedelic drugs use suggested a way that these agents could help reverse the changes in neural connections seen in chronic pain states.2 Psychedelics may have potential to alleviate pain secondary to a multitude of chronic painful conditions as concluded in an article that was published by Christopher L Robinson et al in March 2024.3 Mauro Cavarra et al. reported in a different survey conducted that same year, that individuals with fibromyalgia, sciatica, migraine, arthritis, and tension-type headaches can experience analgesic effects from psychedelics.4 Psychedelic substances have a generally favorable safety profile, particularly when contrasted with opioid analgesics. However, clinical evidence to date for their use in chronic pain management is limited and of low quality.2 Several studies and reports over the past 50 years have shown potential analgesic benefit in cancer pain, phantom limb pain and cluster headache as well.2 Given the current state of the opioid epidemics and limited efficacy of non-opioid analgesics, research on psychedelics as analgesics is gaining popularity in order to improve the lives of chronic pain patients. Based on the previously provided information, can we add ketamine to the list of psychedelic drugs utilized for chronic pain management!!!! The answer is YES! Yes, ketamine is indeed considered a psychedelic drug. It was initially developed as a dissociative anesthetic drug, but has gained attention for its unique effects on perception, consciousness, and mood. When used in controlled settings, ketamine can induce hallucinations, dissociation, and altered states of consciousness. In clinical contexts, it’s also being explored for its potential in treating chronic pain, depression and and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).5 In the context of resistant depression cases in the west, ketamine clinics all of a sudden began to exhibit a ‘Trending’ attitude. Since it first entered the pharmaceutical industry more than 50 years ago, ketamine has been used by pain specialists for more than 20 years to treat patients with chronic pain who are refractory, all without the benefit of strict guidelines. We are grateful to the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA), which brought up this matter and began drawing attention to the need for recommendations, as originally mentioned by Brian J. Marascalchi and Steve Cohen in their November 2018 newsletter.6 Shortly after, in collaboration with the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the ASRA, Cohen and his colleagues released the first organized guidelines regarding the use of intravenous ketamine for chronic pain.7 Among a limited number of adequately structured systematic reviews we would mention a meta-analysis by Orhurhu V and his colleagues,8 another review by JE Israel et al.9 and a good review by Riccardi A.10 However we find all these are still not adequate. NMDA receptor/ion channel complexes are sited peripherally and centrally within the nervous system. Ketamine is a phenylcyclidine derivative that acts primarily as a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor, although it also binds to many other sites in the peripheral and central nervous systems.11 Primarily, ketamine exhibits its analgesic, antidepressant, and cognitive effects via the NMDA receptors situated in the central nervous system. Ketamine has also been found to act on the; opioid receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptors, dopamine D2 receptors, nicotinic receptors, muscarinic cholinergic receptors, and a ligand of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.11 We highlight that ketamine acquires almost the same mode of action (serotonin receptors activation) like other psychedelic drugs. In the chronic pain setting, ketamine was found to exert a good therapeutic effect in cases of Complex regional pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic neuropathic pain, cancer pain and phantom limb pain.9 Given that ketamine is widely accessible and reasonably priced, physicians in countries with limited resources find it especially appealing for treating refractory patients because they are unable to pay for more expensive and advanced treatments like neuromodulation. More structured guidelines are still required. But as Carl Sagan eloquently said, ‘Absence of Evidence is not Evidence of Absence.’ References Kooijman NI, Willegers T, Reuser A, Mulleners WM, Kramers C, Vissers KCP, van der Wal SEI. Are psychedelics the answer to chronic pain: a review of current literature. Pain Pract. 2023 Apr;23(4):447-458. doi: 10.1111/papr.13203. Epub 2023 Jan 11. PMID: 36597700. Castellanos JP, Woolley C, Bruno KA, et al. Chronic pain and psychedelics: a review and proposed mechanism of action. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2020;45:486-494. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101273. Robinson CL, Fonseca ACG, Diejomaoh EM, D’Souza RS, Schatman ME, Orhurhu V, Emerick T. Scoping review: the role of psychedelics in the management of chronic pain. J Pain Res. 2024 Mar 11;17:965-973. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S439348. PMID: 38496341; PMCID: PMC10941794. Cavarra M, Mason NL, Kuypers KPC, Bonnelle V, Smith WJ, Feilding A, Kryskow P, Ramaekers JG. Potential analgesic effects of psychedelics on select chronic pain conditions: A survey study. Eur J Pain. 2024 Jan;28(1):153-165. doi: 10.1002/ejp.2171. Epub 2023 Aug 20. PMID: 37599279. Jonkman K, Dahan A, van de Donk T, Aarts L, Niesters M, van Velzen M. Ketamine for pain. F1000Res. 2017 Sep 20;6:F1000 Faculty Rev-1711. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11372.1. PMID: 28979762; PMCID: PMC5609085. Cohen SP, Bhatia A, Buvanendran A, et al. Consensus Guidelines on the Use of Intravenous Ketamine Infusions for Chronic Pain From the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2018;43:521-546. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000808. Intravenous Ketamine Guidelines for Pain Management; ASRA newsletter,November2018 Orhurhu V, Orhurhu MS, Bhatia A, Cohen SP. Ketamine Infusions for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Anesth Analg. 2019 Jul;129(1):241-254. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004185. PMID: 31082965. Israel JE, St Pierre S, Ellis E, Hanukaai JS, Noor N, Varrassi G, Wells M, Kaye AD. Ketamine for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Review. Health Psychol Res. 2021 Jul 10;B(1):25535. doi: 10.52965/001c.25535. PMID: 34746491; PMCID: PMC8567802. Riccardi A, Guarino M, Serra S, Spampinato MD, Vanni S, Shiffer D, Voza A, Fabbri A, De Iaco F; Study and Research Center of the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine. Narrative Review: Low-Dose Ketamine for Pain Management. J Clin Med. 2023 May 2;12(9):3256. doi: 10.3390/jcm12093256. PMID: 37176696; PMCID: PMC10179418. Niesters M, Aarts L, Sarton E, Dahan A. Influence of ketamine and morphine on descending pain modulation in chronic pain patients: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over proof-of-concept study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jun;110(6):1010-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes578. Epub 2013 Feb 5. PMID: 23384733.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-08-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1136/rapm-2024-esra.582", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-esra.582", "keywords": "Ketamine, Chronic pain, Medicine, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402766768\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402766768\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036395854\",\"display_name\":\"Amany E. Ayad\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-4425\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-esra.582\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402766768" }, { "id": 4558, "title": "Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2023 Award Recipient for Psychedelic Medicine", "normalized_title": "rosalind franklin society proudly announces the 2023 award recipient for psychedelic medicine", "authors": "Albert Garcia-Romeu", "abstract": "Rationale: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated dissociatives and serotonergic hallucinogens are being increasingly used in therapeutic interventions that involve nonordinary states of consciousness and may represent a unique mental health paradigm wherein pharmacologically induced experiences are conducive to psychological well-being. Objective: The aim of this study was to further understand how the phenomenological and health-promoting effects of high-dose dextromethorphan (DXM) compared to psilocybin in the same participants when administered under experimental conditions that are typical of therapeutic psychedelic trials. Methods: Single, acute oral doses of DXM (400 mg/70 kg), psilocybin (10, 20, 30 mg/70 kg), and inactive placebo were administered under double-blind and psychologically supportive conditions to 20 healthy participants with histories of hallucinogen use. Ratings of personal meaning, spiritual significance, psychological challenge, and psychological insight attributed to acute drug experiences were assessed 7 h (at session end) and 1 week after each drug administration. Persisting psychological effects were assessed 1 week after each drug administration. Results: High-dose DXM and psilocybin produced similar increases over placebo in ratings of drug experience that was predictive of psychological benefit at 1 week, even when expectancy effects were minimized. These effects tended to favor psilocybin in a dose-dependent manner and were limited by poor physical tolerability for DXM. Conclusions: This analysis suggests the utility of exploring clinical applications of dissociatives that occur within the supportive contexts that are characteristic of psychedelic research and that prioritize the optimization of psychologically valuable drug experiences. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02033707).", "journal": "Psychedelic Medicine", "publication_date": "2024-08-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2024.65789.rfs2023", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2024.65789.rfs2023", "keywords": "Art history, Art, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402269098\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402269098\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelic Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2024.65789.rfs2023\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Healthy Volunteers,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402269098" }, { "id": 1031, "title": "Mind over matter: the microbial mindscapes of psychedelics and the gut-brain axis.", "normalized_title": "mind over matter the microbial mindscapes of psychedelics and the gut brain axis", "authors": "Caspani G, Ruffell SGD, Tsang W, Netzband N, Rohani-Shukla C, Swann JR, Jefferies WA", "abstract": "Psychedelics have emerged as promising therapeutics for several psychiatric disorders. Hypotheses around their mechanisms have revolved around their partial agonism at the serotonin 2 A receptor, leading to enhanced neuroplasticity and brain connectivity changes that underlie positive mindset shifts. However, these accounts fail to recognise that the gut microbiota, acting via the gut-brain axis, may also have a role in mediating the positive effects of psychedelics on behaviour. In this review, we present existing evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota may be responsive to psychedelic drugs, and in turn, that the effect of psychedelics could be modulated by microbial metabolism. We discuss various alternative mechanistic models and emphasize the importance of incorporating hypotheses that address the contributions of the microbiome in future research. Awareness of the microbial contribution to psychedelic action has the potential to significantly shape clinical practice, for example, by allowing personalised psychedelic therapies based on the heterogeneity of the gut microbiota.", "journal": "Pharmacological research", "publication_date": "2024-08-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107338", "pubmed_id": "39111558", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39111558/", "keywords": "2, 3, 4-Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA), 5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), 5-methoxy-N, DMT, Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Gut microbiota, Gut-brain axis, Ketamine, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), Personalised medicine, Precision medicine, Psilocin, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Serotonin, ayahuasca", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:36", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"39111558\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Microbiome", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1028, "title": "Rapidly Trading Down Depression's 3 Pillars to 5HT3-Receptors Through ECT or Psilocybin?", "normalized_title": "rapidly trading down depression s 3 pillars to 5ht3 receptors through ect or psilocybin", "authors": "Treviranus GRS.", "abstract": "Depression astonishingly can be stopped instantly by electrotherapies or through some psychedelics like psilocybin. In explaining this, the traditional approaches to their antidepressant effects via \"reset\" models and orthosteric serotonin receptors has neglected the only serotonin channel 5HT3, which e.g. has emerged as being helpful for the neurotrophic translation for all anti-depressants and final synaptic effects. Psychedelics here are confronted with a panorama of also anti-depressant 5HT3-channels and a search for their part e.g. in the \"3 pillars\" reigning depression. Of these M1) mitochondria, parasitic organelles from a fusion between some proto-bacteria and archae, founding eukaryotes, also through 5HT3 in depression determine much of its somatic crises. Two further pillars, \"pushback\" and \"shame-link\", are clarified by the parasympathetic (PS-) conspiciously 5HT3-rich \"nasal\" pterygo-palatine ganglion (PPG): PPG-1.) Intramural \"pushbacks\" intoxicating brain's tissues, show up on MRI e.g. along branches of the peri-/subcallosal artery. The brain-draining circular chambers, by CIMURAF, are plausibly driven by the PPG (and other PS-ganglia) through their dense nitrergic grid, causing loose wrung areas creating hyperboloid stenoses where they delimit contracted sliding segments PPG-2.) Existential conflicts trigger last-resort attacks, whereby the subduing are stopped into submissive shame. This plausibly occurs via the antidromic \"Suzuki-link\" from preparatory attack-biting (V3) via the trigeminal ggl. V3-V2-crosstalk onto the PPG, which, blushing via PACAP, maybe via MCs opens the BBB causing foggy confusion. Mushrooms may have acquired psilocybin to similarly stop feeding moves of worms (C. elegans) via the >100 5HT3-like ion channels. While on MOD-1 serotonin elicits \"dwelling\", collective feeding on just one fungus, psilocin could on promote audacious \"roaming\" (protecting fungi) - channel LGC-50 learning from this. The biphasic and pervasive H2S, being a dipole, might be flushed by ECT and on the 5HT3-receptors might get worms (and us) to move.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-08-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "39378462", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/39378462", "keywords": "Humans, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3, Hallucinogens, Depressive Disorder, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39378462\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Mitochondrial Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4563, "title": "Psychedelics, Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy and Employees’ Wellbeing", "normalized_title": "psychedelics psychedelic assisted therapy and employees wellbeing", "authors": "Charlotte Smith", "abstract": "There is a psychedelic renaissance with key drugs that alter perception and mood being given breakthrough therapy status as potential treatments for common mental health conditions. If approved, these drugs may be used alongside psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), a therapeutic process supporting learning from taking psychedelics. Nearly 100 companies, mainly across America, Canada, Europe, and Australia, are developing compounds such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide. This article considers the management research that could influence policymakers’ decisions and support employees undergoing PAT. Firstly, research on economic analyses that could inform policymakers’ approval decisions is outlined. Secondly, research exploring PAT's influence on employees’ wellbeing is noted. Thirdly, research on employees’ experiences of stigma around mental health, psychedelics and PAT is suggested. Developing these inquiries may influence employees’ PAT success and improve global mental health by encouraging successful work participation as a critical determinant of mental wellness.", "journal": "Journal of Management Inquiry", "publication_date": "2024-08-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/10564926241267208", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/10564926241267208", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mental health, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Perception, Stigma (botany), Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402025857\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4402025857\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1997753092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026509296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045181804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886686561\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010363778\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128075790\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175361219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207479206\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206268123\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214914300\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220890557\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281646421\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291227674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293801859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297361601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361248485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366352039\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039190463\",\"display_name\":\"Charlotte Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-2384\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S17986141\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Management Inquiry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/10564926241267208\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402025857" }, { "id": 1048, "title": "Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation for Psilocybin Treatment and Contributions to Alcohol Addiction Relapse", "normalized_title": "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation for psilocybin treatment and contributions to alcohol addiction relapse", "authors": "Mark A. Frye, Balwinder Singh, Scott Breitinger, Tyler Oesterle", "abstract": "A man with AUD achieves sobriety on treatment with an SSRI and naltrexone, but then stops taking the SSRI to participate in a psilocybin “ceremony.” What factors contributed to his subsequent relapse to alcohol use?", "journal": "The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-08-24", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.4088/jcp.24cr15378", "pubmed_id": "39196888", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.24cr15378", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Discontinuation, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Addiction, Reuptake inhibitor, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Medicine, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Pharmacology, Fluoxetine, Internal medicine, Antidepressant, Anxiety, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401862457\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401862457\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029433360\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Frye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-4215\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038312444\",\"display_name\":\"Balwinder Singh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-8192\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055933540\",\"display_name\":\"Scott Breitinger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8660-212X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032140239\",\"display_name\":\"Tyler Oesterle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-8086\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S17992710\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.24cr15378\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401862457" }, { "id": 3075, "title": "­­­­Single-Dose Psilocybin Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: Pharmacokinetics, Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy in an Open-Label Study", "normalized_title": "single dose psilocybin therapy for alcohol use disorder pharmacokinetics feasibility safety and efficacy in an open label study", "authors": "Jensen ME, Stenbæk DS, Messell CD, Poulsen ED, Varga TV, Fisher PM, Nielsen MKK, Johansen SS, Volkow ND, Knudsen GM, Fink-Jensen A.", "abstract": "Abstract Background Psilocybin, a serotonin 2A receptor agonist with psychedelic properties, shows promise as a novel treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). While current studies involve two dosing sessions, the effects a single dose have not been investigated. Aims To investigate the pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety, and efficacy of single-dose psilocybin therapy in AUD. Methods This open-label, single-group study investigated single-dose psilocybin therapy in ten treatment-seeking adults (eight men and two women; median age 44 years) with severe AUD. The treatment involved two preparation sessions, a high-dose psilocybin session (25 mg), and two integration sessions. Pharmacokinetics were determined by noncompartmental analysis, and changes in alcohol consumption, craving and self-efficacy, were assessed with a linear mixed model. Results Notable between-participant pharmacokinetic variations were observed, with peak plasma psilocin concentrations ranging from 14-59 µg/L. Alcohol consumption significantly decreased over the 12 weeks following psilocybin administration. Heavy drinking days were reduced by 37.5 percentage points (95% CI, -61.1, -13.9, p = 0.005), and drinks per day decreased by 3.4 units (95% CI: -6.5, -0.3), p = 0.035). This was corroborated by reports of rapid and sustained reductions in craving and increases in self-efficacy. Conclusions Despite pharmacokinetic variations, a single 25 mg psilocybin dose was safe and effective in reducing alcohol consumption in AUD patients. Larger randomised, placebo-controlled, single-dose AUD trials are warranted. Funding This work was supported by The Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF19OC0058412), The Lundbeck Foundation (R-355-2020-945), The Health Foundation(21-B-0358) and The Ivan Nielsen Foundation. Clinical trial registration: NCT05347849", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2024-08-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-4947184/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4947184/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR899973\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4567, "title": "Psychedelic use and psychological flexibility: The role of meaningful intention and decentering", "normalized_title": "psychedelic use and psychological flexibility the role of meaningful intention and decentering", "authors": "William M. Campo, Ann Marie Yali", "abstract": "Abstract Background Psychedelic use and its impact on well-being is garnering a lot of research attention, however, little has been done to understand the potential associations between multiple characteristics of the psychedelic experience and psychological flexibility (PF), which encompasses a conscious awareness of thoughts and behavior, allowing individuals to adapt to new experiences and perceive multiple explanations or solutions for life events. Aims The current study examines the psychedelic correlates of PF. It was hypothesized that intention, comfort and safety during the experience, decentering, mystical experiences, ego-dissolution, and insight would be significantly associated with greater reports of PF. Methods Data used for the regression analysis were from 114 participants who had used one of the classic psychedelics (LSD, Psilocybin, Mescaline, DMT, Ayahuasca, 5MeO-DMT) and were recruited from postings on Twitter (now X) and within psychedelic-based groups on Facebook and Reddit to fill out an online survey. Standard assessments used include the Experiences Questionnaire, Mystical Experience Questionnaire, Ego-Dissolution Inventory, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Psychological Insight Questionnaire, and Religious Salience Scale. Results After controlling for sociodemographics (age, income, religious salience, number of psychedelic experiences), self-perceived meaningful intention and decentering remained significantly associated with greater psychological flexibility. Conclusions These results expand upon existing literature on psychedelic use and its impact on well-being by exploring specific characteristics of the psychedelic experience. Understanding the importance of intention and decentering can provide a pathway by which psychedelic users, guides, and researchers can further understand the psychedelic experience and its effects.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2024-08-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2024.00350", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2024.00350", "keywords": "Flexibility (engineering), Psychology, Social psychology, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapist, Management, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401710092\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401710092\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W564195063\",\"https://openalex.org/W1493510335\",\"https://openalex.org/W1692107071\",\"https://openalex.org/W1906383539\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973899107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006399411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029882949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040751890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044047831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066234754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072500831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081793457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122463941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129803301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133963272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136250261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142598756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143666715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152264416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155887498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159536661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163215199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2236048209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2289785282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2523364226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2532408251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2593482707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726898022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739506888\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749043159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2763326702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765937504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883608373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885455509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893135637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904505693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950700097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964775179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990521827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2997219409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999801797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999812626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009608926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010515129\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022671937\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023499422\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112629401\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121615313\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124207923\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135419810\",\"https://openalex.org/W3144810457\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159976828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193146023\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198659533\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214774976\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210471907\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213016156\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220790925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233436721\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235182448\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236038590\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247582700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253031992\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280646086\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285591032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301042897\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311745487\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386155721\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391720804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404193879\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106611046\",\"display_name\":\"William M. Campo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4127-2815\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048418717\",\"display_name\":\"Ann Marie Yali\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-1873\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2024.00350\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Mystical Experience,Psychological Flexibility,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401710092" }, { "id": 4568, "title": "Acute Effects of Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A on Functional Connectivity", "normalized_title": "acute effects of psilocybin and salvinorin a on functional connectivity", "authors": "Frederick A. Bagdasarian, Hanne D. Hansen, Chi-Hyeon Yoo, Michael S. Placzek, Jacob M. Hooker, Hsiao-Ying Wey", "abstract": "This work utilized fMRI to assess the influence of the psychedelics, Psilocybin, a serotonergic agonist, and Salvinorin-A, a kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, on functional connectivity (FC) in non-human primates. We used a seed-based FC analysis, probing regions of interest associated with psychedelic hallucinogens. Our findings highlight the overlapping and differing influence of these substances on FC relative to the subcomponents of the default mode network and the claustrum. This work may provide insight on the mechanisms of action of psychedelics that target differing receptor systems. Key Words: Functional connectivity; Claustrum; DMN; Psychedelics.", "journal": "Proceedings on CD-ROM - International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Scientific Meeting and Exhibition/Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Scientific Meeting and Exhibition", "publication_date": "2024-08-13", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.58530/2023/3494", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.58530/2023/3494", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Claustrum, Neuroscience, κ-opioid receptor, Agonist, Default mode network, Serotonergic, Psychology, Functional connectivity, Receptor, Chemistry, Serotonin, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Nucleus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health Research Topics, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401572463\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401572463\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033175481\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick A. Bagdasarian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-4494\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059788138\",\"display_name\":\"Chi-Hyeon Yoo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-4583\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090963559\",\"display_name\":\"Michael S. Placzek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-6024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026299628\",\"display_name\":\"Jacob M. Hooker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-7708\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055559084\",\"display_name\":\"Hsiao-Ying Wey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-8489\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4393917449\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings on CD-ROM - International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Scientific Meeting and Exhibition/Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Scientific Meeting and Exhibition\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.58530/2023/3494\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401572463" }, { "id": 4569, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: Advancements, challenges, and future directions for treating resistant depression", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted psychotherapy advancements challenges and future directions for treating resistant depression", "authors": "Rodolfo Myronn de Melo Rodrigues", "abstract": "Depression is a global public health challenge that represents the world's largest cause of disability, especially in the context of traditional treatments. One potential solution being explored is psilocybin assisted psychotherapy (PAP) which shows promise for treating depression. A recent study by Rosenblat et al. explores the use of psilocybin in clinical mental care with promising results (1).", "journal": "Psychedelics.", "publication_date": "2024-08-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.61373/pp024c.0022", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.61373/pp024c.0022", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Depression (economics), Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404285144\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4404285144\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200117112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283813871\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385898071\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389397550\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391810199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392203910\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393098899\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395685207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4398774731\",\"https://openalex.org/W4404286069\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003451878\",\"display_name\":\"Rodolfo Myronn de Melo Rodrigues\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-7846\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4404675698\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelics.\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.61373/pp024c.0022\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404285144" }, { "id": 842, "title": "A clinical research perspective on the regulation of medical and non-medical use of psychedelic drugs", "normalized_title": "a clinical research perspective on the regulation of medical and non medical use of psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Michael P. Bogenschutz", "abstract": "Recent experience with off-label use of ketamine and recent challenges experienced in research with MDMA and psilocybin provide additional perspectives on how best to continue development of experimental psychedelic medications. Andrews et al. [1] provide a valuable perspective by noting the parallels between the ongoing deregulation of cannabis and what is now happening with psychedelics. The article paints an accurate picture of how biased media attention and market forces have distorted the public's view of psychedelics and blurred the line between medical and non-medical use. If psychedelics continue down the path blazed by cannabis, the result will likely be increased harms from poorly regulated use, and rigorous clinical research may be impeded. Scientists in the field bear a special responsibility to counteract exaggeration and to emphasize the importance of the distinctions between clinical research, clinical medicine, and non-medical use of psychedelic drugs. Agreeing with this assessment, I have a few additional thoughts about the current situation and what we can do to promote a better outcome. In one sense, psychedelic medicine is already a reality, in that three psychedelic drugs acting primarily as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists are currently approved for medical use: racemic ketamine, esketamine and dextromethorphan (available as an over-the-counter cough suppressant). Although esketamine and racemic ketamine (off-label) are established treatments for treatment-resistant depression, empirically-supported treatment models do not attempt to capitalize on their consciousness-altering properties, but rather treat them as side effects [2]. However, recent years have seen a marked increase in off-label prescribing of ketamine for many different psychiatric disorders, sometimes using treatment models that may include aspects of psychedelic or psycholytic therapy [3, 4]. Much of what is being done with ketamine currently lacks empirical support, and there is an urgent need for better regulation of ketamine prescribing [5] as well as further research on the possible indications and models of treatment. Should psychedelics such as psilocybin and 3,4-methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA) be approved for clinical use, comprehensive risk evaluation and mitigation strategies should be implemented to ensure that the patients will receive treatment under conditions likely to maintain the safety and efficacy demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. Important elements would include careful screening, preparation, and monitoring and support of patients before, during and after treatment, by clinicians with adequate licensure and training. As with any medication, off-label use should be supported by evidence that the treatment could be effective and that the possible benefits outweigh the risk to the patient. The current situation with ketamine provides an object lesson on the importance of such regulatory guardrails. The evidence base for psilocybin- and MDMA-based treatments has grown dramatically in the past several years with the completion of phase 2 and phase 3 multi-site trials in patients with major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, respectively [6-9]. To make further progress in the study of medical uses of psychedelics, the clinical research community will need to tackle the thorny methodological problems that are inherent to research on psychedelics. Many of these issues (e.g. unblinding, expectancy effects, interactions with psychotherapy or other non-pharmacologic treatment, moderating effects of patient characteristics and desired outcomes) are relevant to most if not all psychopharmacologic research, although they are often ignored in clinical trials. More particular to psychedelics is the possibility that a significant proportion of the treatment effect may be mediated by what the patient experiences under the influence of the drug. One of the more consistent findings in clinical psychedelic research has been moderate to strong correlations between aspects of the drug experience and subsequent clinical improvement [10-15]. However, without further information it is not possible to know whether these experiences are an epiphenomenon or are causally related to at least some of the therapeutic effects. The complicated challenges of psychedelic research have been discussed extensively during the past several years by stakeholders including regulatory and health research agencies, pharmaceutical corporations and consultants, academic institutions and research scientists. These complications are a big part of why research on psychedelics is interesting and important. Methodological innovations designed to address these challenges will likely be applicable to other areas of pharmacologic research. Benefiting from the lessons of the 1960s, the early 21st century and the present day, we now have the opportunity to think more clearly about both medical and non-medical use of psychedelics. If we avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and continue to improve the quality of clinical research, we may finally learn what useful roles psychedelic drugs can play as medicines. Michael P. Bogenschutz: Conceptualization; writing-original draft; writing-review and editing. During the past 36 months I have received support for research from: Mind Medicine, Tilray Canada, Lykos Therapeutics and B. More. I currently serve on the Advisory Board of: Ajna Labs, Journey Colab and Bright Minds Biosciences.", "journal": "Addiction", "publication_date": "2024-08-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/add.16647", "pubmed_id": "39129581", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16647", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Parallels, Perspective (graphical), Psychiatry, Medicine, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Computer science, Engineering, Artificial intelligence, Mechanical engineering, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401521492\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401521492\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128284400\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225256059\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386386542\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388447053\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399441804\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S70513841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16647\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401521492" }, { "id": 1056, "title": "CURRENT STATE OF PSILOCYBIN-ASSISTED THERAPY IN MOOD DISORDERS.", "normalized_title": "current state of psilocybin assisted therapy in mood disorders", "authors": "Kaiserman A, Vanderjist L, Kornreich C.", "abstract": "Psychedelics are currently undergoing a scientific renaissance, with modern studies investigating therapeutic efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy in a range of psychiatric conditions. In particular, psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) has been suggested to have positive effects on patients suffering from depression and psychiatric distress associated with life-threatening disease - contexts with growing needs for alternative treatments - in a therapeutic setting involving fewer doses and less important adverse effect compared to that of classic psychotrope administration. Psychedelics are partial agonists of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) G protein-coupled receptors, whose activation likely mediates the acute psychoactive effects. Furthermore, psychedelics seem to induce a hyper-plastic state which allows for adaptation of inflexible pathological thinking patterns. Post-acutely, they are suggested to induce rapid, robust and sustained neuroplasticity. Eight clinical PAT trials have been conducted between January 1st 2001 and March 31st 2023 and are reviewed here. Five of them evaluate the effect on depressive symptomatology in an otherwise general population. The other three evaluate effect on depression and anxiety in patients suffering from somatic life-threatening disease. The studies reviewed here show that PAT is safe and feasible to administer in current clinical models. Preliminary efficacy shows significant improvements in depressive and anxious symptomatology which are immediate and partially sustained. One study comparing PAT to selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors showed no significant difference of efficacy between the two treatments. Preliminary results regarding efficacy of PAT on mood disorders are promising, but further research is warranted for stronger inferences, with a particular focus on larger, multicentric studies, more diverse populations and a stronger control for expectancy and unblinding.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-07-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.24869/psyd.2024.174", "pubmed_id": "39546645", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2024.174", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Mood Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39546645\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1007, "title": "Psilocybin in pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in pharmacotherapy of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Owe-Larsson M, Kamińska K, Buchalska B, Mirowska-Guzel D, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A.", "abstract": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disease that affects approximately 2% of the population. Obsessions and compulsions are troublesome for patients and may disturb their everyday activities. The pathogenesis of this disease is still not fully elucidated, but dysfunctions of serotonin-, dopamine- and glutamate-mediated neurotransmission together with early maladaptive schemas seem of importance. Pharmacological treatment includes drugs affecting the serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic systems, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Providing that up to 40% of patients with OCD are resistant to the currently available medications, there is a need for novel and effective therapies. Recent discoveries suggest that psilocybin, a non-physically addictive psychoactive substance, may ameliorate disease symptoms. When used in appropriate doses and under strict clinical control, psilocybin appears as a valuable treatment for OCD. This narrative article provides a thorough overview of OCD's etiology, current treatment options, and the emerging evidence supporting psilocybin's efficacy in managing OCD symptoms.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-07-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-024-00633-1", "pubmed_id": "39088105", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00633-1", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psilocybin, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39088105\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4584, "title": "PTSD Treatment: An Inquiry into the Promising Potential of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "ptsd treatment an inquiry into the promising potential of psilocybin", "authors": "Ibrahim Lanre Folorunsho, Nkechinyere Mary Harry, Chukwubueze Obiajunwa, Oluwatosin Arubuolawe, Adeniyi Kayode Busari, Chidalu Ibeneme, Gibson Anugwom", "abstract": "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. The impact of PTSD extends beyond the individual, affecting families, communities, and society as a whole. This study aims to investigate the potential of psilocybin as a treatment for PTSD. Psilocybin, after being metabolized to psilocin, binds to various serotonergic receptors to exert some major effects such as a reduction in negative mood and an increase in optimism, enhanced ability for introspection and perceptual changes, a reduction in amygdala reactivity during emotion processing, and-as has been found in animal studies-an extinction of the fear response and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. However, psychedelics such as psilocybin may lead to brief episodes of nausea, vomiting, and physical discomfort. This study indicated that there is an urgent need for innovative therapies that could enhance the effectiveness of PTSD treatments. As this review highlights, psilocybin and some other psychedelics offer prospects for an additional method of treating PTSD. They have the potential to directly address PTSD symptoms and can also be used as an adjunct to psychotherapy.", "journal": "Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research", "publication_date": "2024-07-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i85525", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i85525", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Mood, Hallucinogen, Dysphoria, Serotonergic, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400959793\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400959793\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1489641999\",\"https://openalex.org/W1514491136\",\"https://openalex.org/W1755198206\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982006269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013576699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150901658\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2280613312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2520668028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604674575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3037187691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048223422\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087672006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3169261903\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207479206\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215766429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207016700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281293006\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307715481\",\"https://openalex.org/W4372336620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388636814\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396664832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399390472\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092239414\",\"display_name\":\"Ibrahim Lanre Folorunsho\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5098736823\",\"display_name\":\"Nkechinyere Mary Harry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5105020320\",\"display_name\":\"Chukwubueze Obiajunwa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5098754110\",\"display_name\":\"Oluwatosin Arubuolawe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022100131\",\"display_name\":\"Adeniyi Kayode Busari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092030993\",\"display_name\":\"Chidalu Ibeneme\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020693752\",\"display_name\":\"Gibson Anugwom\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-626X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210232404\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i85525\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,PTSD,Neurogenesis,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400959793" }, { "id": 3119, "title": "Molecular insights into the modulation of the 5HT 2A receptor by serotonin, psilocin, and the G protein subunit Gqα", "normalized_title": "molecular insights into the modulation of the 5ht 2a receptor by serotonin psilocin and the g protein subunit gqα", "authors": "Viohl N, Zanjani AAH, Khandelia H.", "abstract": "SUMMARY The 5HT 2A receptor (5HT 2A R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that drives many neuronal functions and is one of the primary targets for psychedelic drugs, which have recently shown promise in treating mental disorders. Understanding ligand interactions and conformational transitions is essential for developing effective pharmaceuticals, but mechanistic details of 5HT 2A R activation and ligand binding modes remain poorly understood. We conducted all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations of the active and inactive forms of 5HT 2A R with psilocin and serotonin. Both serotonin and psilocin have higher binding affinities for the orthosteric binding pocket than the extended binding pocket. Active state 5HT 2A R collapses to a closed state in the absence of Gqα. We also discover a ‘partially-open’ receptor conformation that is intermediate between the active and inactive states. Our discoveries can inform the design of new pharmaceuticals that target specific receptor conformations, potentially leading to more effective treatments for mental disorders.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-07-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.07.23.604750", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604750", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR886272\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1058, "title": "Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain", "normalized_title": "psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain", "authors": "Joshua S. Siegel, Subha Subramanian, Demetrius Perry, Benjamin P. Kay, Evan M. Gordon, Timothy O. Laumann, Travis R. Reneau, Nicholas V. Metcalf, Ravi V. Chacko, Caterina Gratton, Christine Horan, Samuel R. Krimmel, Joshua S. Shimony, Julia Schweiger, Dean F. Wong, David A. Bender, Kristen M. Scheidter, Forrest I. Whiting, Jonah A. Padawer-Curry, Russell T. Shinohara, Yong Chen, Julia Moser, Essa Yacoub, Steven M. Nelson, Luca Vizioli, Damien A. Fair, Eric J. Lenze, Robin Carhart-Harris, Charles L. Raison, Marcus E. Raichle, Abraham Z. Snyder, Ginger E. Nicol, Nico U.F. Dosenbach", "abstract": ". It remains unclear how human brain network changes relate to subjective and lasting effects of psychedelics. Here we tracked individual-specific brain changes with longitudinal precision functional mapping (roughly 18 magnetic resonance imaging visits per participant). Healthy adults were tracked before, during and for 3 weeks after high-dose psilocybin (25 mg) and methylphenidate (40 mg), and brought back for an additional psilocybin dose 6-12 months later. Psilocybin massively disrupted functional connectivity (FC) in cortex and subcortex, acutely causing more than threefold greater change than methylphenidate. These FC changes were driven by brain desynchronization across spatial scales (areal, global), which dissolved network distinctions by reducing correlations within and anticorrelations between networks. Psilocybin-driven FC changes were strongest in the default mode network, which is connected to the anterior hippocampus and is thought to create our sense of space, time and self. Individual differences in FC changes were strongly linked to the subjective psychedelic experience. Performing a perceptual task reduced psilocybin-driven FC changes. Psilocybin caused persistent decrease in FC between the anterior hippocampus and default mode network, lasting for weeks. Persistent reduction of hippocampal-default mode network connectivity may represent a neuroanatomical and mechanistic correlate of the proplasticity and therapeutic effects of psychedelics.", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "2024-07-16", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5", "pubmed_id": "39020167", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Default mode network, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Hippocampus, Retrosplenial cortex, Psychology, Hippocampal formation, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Human brain, Prefrontal cortex, Cognition, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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S. Siegel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-3641\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103234980\",\"display_name\":\"Subha Subramanian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-3922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108956430\",\"display_name\":\"Demetrius Perry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012240294\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin P. Kay\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-8029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055169358\",\"display_name\":\"Evan M. Gordon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-5237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077116460\",\"display_name\":\"Timothy O. Laumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-427X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019250524\",\"display_name\":\"Travis R. Reneau\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-2482\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037717667\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas V. 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Wong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-8367\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081969877\",\"display_name\":\"David A. Bender\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-2110\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001139738\",\"display_name\":\"Kristen M. Scheidter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093231452\",\"display_name\":\"Forrest I. Whiting\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026628346\",\"display_name\":\"Jonah A. Padawer-Curry\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-1468\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037974362\",\"display_name\":\"Russell T. Shinohara\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-8203\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113292694\",\"display_name\":\"Yong Chen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-4812\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102953622\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Moser\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-415X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034283066\",\"display_name\":\"Essa Yacoub\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1007-9056\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Steven M. Nelson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025023405\",\"display_name\":\"Luca Vizioli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-1647\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041631498\",\"display_name\":\"Damien A. Fair\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-393X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053095971\",\"display_name\":\"Eric J. Lenze\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024726266\",\"display_name\":\"Charles L. Raison\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-0066\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039215935\",\"display_name\":\"Marcus E. Raichle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-9588\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026837899\",\"display_name\":\"Abraham Z. Snyder\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-9627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100674659\",\"display_name\":\"Ginger E. Nicol\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-6129\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024114285\",\"display_name\":\"Nico U.F. Dosenbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-7078\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137773608\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400729513" }, { "id": 1076, "title": "Serotoninergic antidepressants combination in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: a case report", "normalized_title": "serotoninergic antidepressants combination in psilocybin assisted psychotherapy a case report", "authors": "André Do, Vanessa Michaud, Jean-François Stephan, Miltiadis Moreau, Élise Benoît, Felix-Antoine Berubé, Antoine Bibaud-De Serres, Alain Taillefer, Philippe Vincent", "abstract": "Psilocybin has reemerged as a promising treatment for difficult-to-treat depression (DTD). Although there is limited evidence regarding interactions between psilocybin and other psychotropic drugs, clinical trials require that patients discontinue their antidepressants before study entry to isolate the benefits of psilocybin and to minimize the risk of adverse events. We present the first case of an adult patient with DTD who received psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) in combination with two serotoninergic antidepressants (duloxetine and vortioxetine). Since he displayed a partial response after the first PAP session, he agreed to discontinue duloxetine (but refused to stop vortioxetine) before the second PAP session to see if it could improve the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin. However, his anxiety and depressive symptoms worsened. Psilocybin was well-tolerated in both PAP sessions; mild headaches were the main adverse effects experienced by the patient, and there were no cardiovascular safety concerns. This case report suggests that serotoninergic antidepressants combination with psilocybin appears to be safe and that antidepressant discontinuation prior to PAP may not be necessary. Since the continuation of antidepressants during PAP has the potential to improve treatment acceptability and accessibility, future research should assess whether psilocybin can be administered concurrently with antidepressants.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-07-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1394962", "pubmed_id": "39086732", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1394962", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Adverse effect, Vortioxetine, Duloxetine, Antidepressant, Discontinuation, Medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonergic, Psychology, Major depressive disorder, Anxiety, Mirtazapine, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Mood, Alternative medicine, Serotonin, Pathology, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400695899\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400695899\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4220686515\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037237207\",\"display_name\":\"André Do\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113291624\",\"display_name\":\"Vanessa Michaud\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027250223\",\"display_name\":\"Jean-François Stephan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7376-208X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071526629\",\"display_name\":\"Miltiadis Moreau\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108529244\",\"display_name\":\"Élise Benoît\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042633452\",\"display_name\":\"Felix-Antoine Berubé\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044793939\",\"display_name\":\"Antoine Bibaud-De Serres\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104605528\",\"display_name\":\"Alain Taillefer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063210785\",\"display_name\":\"Philippe Vincent\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-6755\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1394962\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Case Report,Safety,Adverse Events,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400695899" }, { "id": 3638, "title": "Psilocybin for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: a Feasibility Study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treatment of alcohol use disorder a feasibility study", "authors": "Anders Fink-Jensen, MD, DMSci", "abstract": "The purpose of this project is to assess the feasibility and safety of administering a single dose of psilocybin to patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition the investigators will establish the pharmacokinetic properties of the active metabolite psilocin. This is the first step in a research project that has the overall aim to evaluate the efficacy of a single administration of psilocybin as an intervention for treatment of AUD. The investigators will evaluate the feasibility and safety of administering psilocybin to 10 patients diagnosed with AUD. Following informed consent, patients will be screened for eligibility as per in- and exclusion criteria and baseline values will be recorded as per outcome measures. All patients will receive a single administration of 25 mg of psilocybin. As per safety guidelines patients will be monitored the entire dosing session by study staff familiar with the psychedelic effects of psilocybin. In addition, the patients will meet before and after the dosing session with a psychologist connected to the study for preparation and post-session debriefing, respectively. During dosing session, the investigators will collect blood plasma psilocin levels in order to establish pharmacokinetics and an estimated brain 5-HT2AR occupancy. When the effects of psilocybin subside, the investigators will ask the patients to fill out questionnaires encapsulating the psychedelic experience. One week after drug administration the patients are required to meet for an end-of-study assessment of outcome measures including adverse events.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-07-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04718792", "keywords": "Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), Psilocybin, ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04718792\",\"overall_status\":\"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1077, "title": "Psilocybin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for the treatment of alzheimer s disease", "authors": "Zheng S, Ma R, Yang Y, Li G.", "abstract": "Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a formidable neurodegenerative ailment and a prominent contributor to dementia. The scarcity of available therapies for AD accentuates the exigency for innovative treatment modalities. Psilocybin, a psychoactive alkaloid intrinsic to hallucinogenic mushrooms, has garnered attention within the neuropsychiatric realm due to its established safety and efficacy in treating depression. Nonetheless, its potential as a therapeutic avenue for AD remains largely uncharted. This comprehensive review endeavors to encapsulate the pharmacological effects of psilocybin while elucidating the existing evidence concerning its potential mechanisms contributing to a positive impact on AD. Specifically, the active metabolite of psilocybin, psilocin, elicits its effects through the modulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A receptor). This modulation causes heightened neural plasticity, diminished inflammation, and improvements in cognitive functions such as creativity, cognitive flexibility, and emotional facial recognition. Noteworthy is psilocybin's promising role in mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms in AD patients. Acknowledging the attendant adverse reactions, we proffer strategies aimed at tempering or mitigating its hallucinogenic effects. Moreover, we broach the ethical and legal dimensions inherent in psilocybin's exploration for AD treatment. By traversing these avenues, We propose therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the nuanced management of Alzheimer's disease.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-07-09", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2024.1420601", "pubmed_id": "39050672", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1420601", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"39050672\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Creativity,Review Article,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1052, "title": "Addressing a major interference in the quantification of psilocin in mouse plasma: Development of a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method", "normalized_title": "addressing a major interference in the quantification of psilocin in mouse plasma development of a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method", "authors": "Amir Khajavinia, Déborah Michel, Udoka C. Ezeaka, Randy W. Purves, Robert B. Laprairie, Anas El-Aneed", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound found in some hallucinogenic \"magic mushrooms\". Psilocin is the active metabolite of Psilocybin, and it is the subject of several studies for the treatment of psychological disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. As such, the pharmacokinetic properties of psilocin should be evaluated to ensure its safety and efficacy as part of the drug development process. Based on the previously published studies, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) was tested for psilocin quantification. The analysis, however, showed a major interference in mouse plasma that was not, to the best of our knowledge, reported previously. We, therefore, aimed to identify and separate the interference, using various chromatographic columns, mobile phase conditions, and mass spectrometers (MS) instruments. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system, and a quadrupole-linear ion trap equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Several chromatographic conditions and column chemistries, including C-18 and Phenyl-hexyl were initially tested, and failed to separate the interference. Exact mass measurement and MS/MS analysis were used to determine the structure of the interfering compound, which was confirmed to be tryptophan. Using the identified structure of the interfering compound, a fast and reliable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS method was developed and validated, that was capable of separating psilocin from the interference while achieving a 0.5 ng/ml lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study where psilocin was orally administered to C57BL/6 mouse subjects. Psilocin concentration in all the analyzed mouse plasma samples was successfully determined.", "journal": "Journal of Chromatography A", "publication_date": "2024-07-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465123", "pubmed_id": "38981146", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465123", "keywords": "Chemistry, Chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Electrospray ionization, Selected reaction monitoring, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography, Tandem mass spectrometry, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Analyte, Ion suppression in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, High-performance liquid chromatography, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400333801\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400333801\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2015854884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017425875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018904000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026114562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041480771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048765051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071926809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082182980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097781250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121160760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122510557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141387425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735371049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903619067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911578096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985052748\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007973331\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110345791\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112557491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127123233\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171789670\",\"https://openalex.org/W3176131373\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205618858\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206486089\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220659540\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225113209\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282946726\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390665254\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391036082\",\"https://openalex.org/W6791614198\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079489909\",\"display_name\":\"Amir Khajavinia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-9213\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025639143\",\"display_name\":\"Déborah Michel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-8677\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027458374\",\"display_name\":\"Udoka C. Ezeaka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008718839\",\"display_name\":\"Randy W. Purves\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037819900\",\"display_name\":\"Robert B. Laprairie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-433X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042906285\",\"display_name\":\"Anas El-Aneed\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1060-3609\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S176136234\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Chromatography A\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465123\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400333801" }, { "id": 638, "title": "Unraveling psilocybin’s therapeutic potential: behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar male rat models of treatment-resistant depression", "normalized_title": "unraveling psilocybin s therapeutic potential behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in wistar kyoto and wistar male rat models of treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Magdalena Kolasa, Agnieszka Nikiforuk, Agata Korlatowicz, Joanna Solich, Agnieszka Potasiewicz, Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska, Ryszard Bugno, Adam S. Hogendorf, Andrzej J. Bojarski, Agata Faron-Górecka", "abstract": "RATIONALE: Our study aimed to unravel the unknown mechanisms behind the exceptional efficacy of Psilocybin (PSI) in treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Focusing on Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with a TRD phenotype and Wistar (WIS) rats as a normative comparison, we investigated behavioral and neuroplasticity-related responses to PSI, striving to shed light on the distinctive features of its antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVES: We set out to assess the behavioral impact of acute and prolonged PSI administration on WKY and WIS rats, employing Novel Object Recognition (NORT), Social Interaction (SI), and Forced Swimming Test (FST). Our secondary objectives involved exploring strain-specific alterations in neuroplasticity-related parameters, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). METHODS: Conducting post-acute and extended assessments after a single PSI administration, we applied behavioral tests and biochemical analyses to measure serum BDNF levels and neuroplasticity-related parameters in the prefrontal cortex. Statistical analyses were deployed to discern significant differences between the rat strains and assess the impact of PSI on behavioral and biochemical outcomes. RESULTS: Our findings uncovered significant behavioral disparities between WKY and WIS rats, indicating passive behavior and social withdrawal in the former. PSI demonstrated pronounced pro-social and antidepressant effects in both strains, each with its distinctive temporal trajectory. Notably, we identified strain-specific variations in BDNF-related signaling and observed the modulation of Arc expression in WKY rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our study delineated mood-related behavioral nuances between WKY and WIS rat strains, underscoring the antidepressant and pro-social properties of PSI in both groups. The distinct temporal patterns of observed changes and the identified strain-specific neuroplasticity alterations provide valuable insights into the TRD phenotype and the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of PSI.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-07-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3", "pubmed_id": "38963553", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroplasticity, Depression (economics), Psychology, Neuroscience, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychopharmacology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Amygdala, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Kolasa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2699\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022670452\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Nikiforuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-8348\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073055765\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Korlatowicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-3143\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069807940\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Solich\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-4263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060540666\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Potasiewicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-5637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089673359\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-7874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006523340\",\"display_name\":\"Ryszard Bugno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-674X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034604911\",\"display_name\":\"Adam S. Hogendorf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-3266\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025399512\",\"display_name\":\"Andrzej J. Bojarski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-6333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027636060\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Faron-Górecka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-190X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06644-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400335852" }, { "id": 1009, "title": "Effects of psilocybin on body weight, body composition, and metabolites in male and female mice", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on body weight body composition and metabolites in male and female mice", "authors": "Jasmine Shakir, Megan Pedicini, Brianna C Bullock, Penn W Hoen, Lindsey Macias, Jackson Freiman, Mikhail V Pletnikov, Kellie L. Tamashiro, Zachary A. Cordner", "abstract": "", "journal": "Physiology & Behavior", "publication_date": "2024-07-01", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627", "pubmed_id": "38964565", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Body weight, Endocrinology, Composition (language), Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Physiology, Psychology, Biology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Philosophy, Linguistics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400234012\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400234012\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1901350572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004554448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009118277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024830822\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026100897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028825681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074227947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080778917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139768411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2230981280\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402521698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413675019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2469923261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2568036976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766521893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798135046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961591563\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005218696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012119142\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135005144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203772461\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280614952\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931971\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291170424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300800444\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308180606\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315880873\",\"https://openalex.org/W6702975598\",\"https://openalex.org/W6713409301\",\"https://openalex.org/W6720203971\",\"https://openalex.org/W6766135949\",\"https://openalex.org/W6801858953\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111246206\",\"display_name\":\"Jasmine Shakir\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008006305\",\"display_name\":\"Megan Pedicini\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111246207\",\"display_name\":\"Brianna C Bullock\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111246208\",\"display_name\":\"Penn W Hoen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030907395\",\"display_name\":\"Lindsey Macias\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-3000\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111246209\",\"display_name\":\"Jackson Freiman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111246210\",\"display_name\":\"Mikhail V Pletnikov\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090818636\",\"display_name\":\"Kellie L. Tamashiro\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-8796\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060903420\",\"display_name\":\"Zachary A. Cordner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-567X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S167407068\",\"source_display_name\":\"Physiology & Behavior\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400234012" }, { "id": 4595, "title": "Physiological Effects of Psilocybin, Psilacetin, and DOI in Rats", "normalized_title": "physiological effects of psilocybin psilacetin and doi in rats", "authors": "Shelby A. McGriff, Grant C. Glatfelter, David R. Manke, A.R. Chadeayne, Charles W. Schindler, Michaël Baumann", "abstract": "", "journal": "Drug and Alcohol Dependence", "publication_date": "2024-06-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110445", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110445", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400574686\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400574686\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089357533\",\"display_name\":\"Shelby A. McGriff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-0127\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030447541\",\"display_name\":\"David R. Manke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-4801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034491084\",\"display_name\":\"A.R. Chadeayne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-0337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037690990\",\"display_name\":\"Charles W. Schindler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-9116\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083101824\",\"display_name\":\"Michaël Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-974X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S109998069\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug and Alcohol Dependence\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110445\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400574686" }, { "id": 1087, "title": "Bridging Psilocybin-Induced Changes in the Brain’s Dynamic Functional Connectome With an Individual’s Subjective Experience", "normalized_title": "bridging psilocybin induced changes in the brain s dynamic functional connectome with an individual s subjective experience", "authors": "S. Parker Singleton, Amy Kuceyeski", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging", "publication_date": "2024-06-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.003", "pubmed_id": "38969436", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.003", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Bridging (networking), Connectome, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Functional connectivity, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Computer science, Psychiatry, Computer network, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400295306\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400295306\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2035809725\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537382818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327914778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386852375\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389109098\",\"https://openalex.org/W6856703977\",\"https://openalex.org/W6858492711\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012511332\",\"display_name\":\"S. Parker Singleton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031732445\",\"display_name\":\"Amy Kuceyeski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-8342\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898601774\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.003\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400295306" }, { "id": 1086, "title": "Potential Differences in Psychedelic Actions Based on Biological Sex.", "normalized_title": "potential differences in psychedelic actions based on biological sex", "authors": "Shadani S, Conn K, Andrews ZB, Foldi CJ", "abstract": "The resurgence of interest in psychedelics as treatments for psychiatric disorders necessitates a better understanding of potential sex differences in response to these substances. Sex as a biological variable (SABV) has been historically neglected in medical research, posing limits to our understanding of treatment efficacy. Human studies have provided insights into the efficacy of psychedelics across various diagnoses and aspects of cognition, yet sex-specific effects remain unclear, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions about sex-dependent differences in response to psychedelic treatments. Compounding this further, animal studies used to understand biological mechanisms of psychedelics predominantly use one sex and present mixed neurobiological and behavioral outcomes. Studies that do include both sexes often do not investigate sex differences further, which may hinder the translation of findings to the clinic. In reviewing sex differences in responses to psychedelics, we will highlight the direct interaction between estrogen (the most extensively studied steroid hormone) and the serotonin system (central to the mechanism of action of psychedelics), and the potential that estrogen-serotonin interactions may influence the efficacy of psychedelics in female participants. Estrogen influences serotonin neurotransmission by affecting its synthesis and release, as well as modulating the sensitivity and responsiveness of serotonin receptor subtypes in the brain. This could potentially influence the efficacy of psychedelics in females by modifying their therapeutic efficacy across menstrual cycles and developmental stages. Investigating this interaction in the context of psychedelic research could aid in the advancement of therapeutic outcomes, especially for conditions with sex-specific prevalence.", "journal": "Endocrinology", "publication_date": "2024-06-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1210/endocr/bqae083", "pubmed_id": "38980913", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38980913/", "keywords": "cognition, estrogen, learning, psilocybin, psychedelics, serotonin, sex differences", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:36", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"38980913\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1079, "title": "The Black Book of Psychotropic Dosing and Monitoring.", "normalized_title": "the black book of psychotropic dosing and monitoring", "authors": "DeBattista C, Schatzberg AF.", "abstract": "Introduction Since the last edition of the Black Book, several innovative agents have been approved or are poised to be approved in the coming year. These include novel antidepressants, the first muscarine agonist for the treatment of schizophrenia, the first psychedelic which may be approved for the treatment of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), and the first disease modifying drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Three new antidepressants have come to the market in the past 18 months. The first of those, Auvelity, the combination of bupropion and dextromethorphan, takes advantage of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic synergism between the two drugs.85 Dextromethorphan has several pharmacodynamic properties including actions on the NMDA receptor and the Sigma 1 receptor, adding to the indirect norepinephrine agonist properties of bupropion. How Dextromethorphan is rapidly metabolized via the CYP2D6 isoenzyme to dextrophan that may have mu opioid agonist properties. The combination with bupropion, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, inhibits the metabolism of dextromethorphan allowing for more consistent therapeutic levels. The combination of dextromethorphan 45 mg twice per day and bupropion SR105 mg twice daily appears to be more effective than an equivalent dose of bupropion alone both in speeding up antidepressant response and achieving remission. However, it's not clear at this time how the combination would compare with a more typical dose of bupropion of 300-450 milligrams a day range. The phase III program for Auvelity, showed that the drug was well tolerated with the most common side effects being dizziness, headache, and dry mouth.86 Another novel antidepressant agent approved in 2023 is zuranolone (Zurzuvae). Zuranolone is an oral analog of IV brexanalone, and like brexanolone, was approved for the treatment of post-partum depression.83 The advantages of zuranolone over brexanalone are many. While brexanolone is a 60-hour intravenous infusion that must be administered in a health care facility, zuranolone is a once/day oral medication that is usually taken at home. Like brexanolone, and unlike most antidepressants, zuranolone has a short course of treatment, lasting just 14 days. Zuranolone's, as does brexanolone, is thought to act primarily as allosteric modulator of the GABA-a receptors. Despite only 14 days of treatment, zuranolone produced in depression in post-partum patients a clinically and significantly meaningful improvement at day 15 and continued to day 45 or 1 month past the end of treatment. Zuranolone is a schedule IV drug. The most common side effect in clinical trials was somnolence with 36% of participants reporting this side effect vs only 6% of those on placebo.84 Other common side effects included dizziness, diarrhea and fatigue. While the FDA declined to approve zuranolone as monotherapy or as an adjunctive treatment to standard antidepressants in major depression itself, there are positive studies in non-post-partum major depression albeit with smaller effect sizes and less consistent duration of activity. It is likely that zuranolone will continue to be studied in other depressive syndromes such as depression with anxious distress. The third \"new\" antidepressant approved late 2023 was gepirone (Exxua). Gepirone is not exactly a new or novel antidepressant and originally sought approval in the US about 20 years ago.88 There had been two positive studies of gepirone during the original NDA application but also a number of failed, negative, or non-informative studies as well. Thus, the FDA declined to originally approve the drug. However, failed and negative trials are common with antidepressants and after much internal debate, the FDA ultimately agreed to approve the drug based on the positive trials and a relatively favorable side effect profile. Gepirone, like buspirone, is a partial agonist of the 5HT1a receptor and a 5HT2 antagonist. As such, gepirone does not tend to be associated with sexual side effects, weight gain, or sedation. The most common side effects are dizziness, nausea, and insomnia which tend to improve in many patients over time. Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) continue to be the only class of agents [other than esketamine (Spravato)] approved in adjunctive treatment of resistant major depression. In addition to olanzapine (combined with fluoxetine; Symbyax), aripiprazole (Abilify), quetiapine (Seroquel), brexpiprazole (Rexulti), cariprazine (Vraylar) became the latest SGA to be approved in 2022.90 Adjunctive cariprazine at 1.5 mg daily was significantly more effective than adjunctive placebo in patients with MDD who had failed to achieve an adequate response with an antidepressant alone after 6 weeks of treatment. Interestingly, a 3 mg dose of cariprazine was less consistently effective.91 The major advantage of cariprazine over some of the other approved adjunctive SGA's is easy dosing, with the starting 1.5 mg dose being the optimal therapeutic dose for most people, and a lower metabolic side effect burden with most subjects having limited or no weight gain in short term trials. The most common side effect were akathisia/restlessness, fatigue, and nausea. Lumateperone (Caplyta) is also has positive phase III data in the adjunctive treatment of major depression and is expective file for approval in late 2024. Another recent major development in psychopharmacology is the reemergence of psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The first of these is MDMA (phenethylamine 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD. A New Drug Application (NDA) was accepted by the FDA for MDMA in the treatment of PTSD in late 2023.87 Because the drug is being fast tracked as a \"breakthrough\" treatment by the FDA, it was expected to see approval in the summer of 2024. The phase II and III data for MDMA assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of PTSD have been quite consistent and impressive. However, independent reviews have pointed to significant deficiencies in these studies including the bias introduced because of functional unblinding; virtually all patients in psychedelic studies can guess whether they got the active drug or placebo. The functional unblinding, the lack of standardization of adjunctive psychotherapy as well as the abuse potential of MDMA, may delay an FDA approval. The typical regimen in these trials included 3 preparatory psychotherapy sessions followed by once/month dosing sessions (lasting about 8 hours) and using doses of 120-160 mg in a split dose. There were typically 3 monthly dosing sessions, each followed by 3 integrative psychotherapy sessions to help subjects process and understand their experiences during the dosing sessions. In the most recent phase 3 trials, over 70% of subjects no longer met criteria for PTDS compared to 46% of those treated with psychotherapy and placebo alone.89 The only approved medications for treating PTSD are two SSRIs, paroxetine and sertraline. These drugs effect only some dimensions of PTSD with only 20-30% achieving a remission level response with these drugs. Thus, MDMA assisted psychotherapy appears to achieve much higher levels of remission and response than has been true for the SSRIs. Since MDMA is not taken continuously, side effects from MDMA tend to be short lived. Side effects have included muscle tightness, nausea, diminished appetite, excessive sweating, feeling cold and dizziness among others. Since MDMA is currently a schedule I drug, it is likely that a rigorous Risk Evaluation Mitigation (REMs) program will be put in place and a limited number of centers and clinicians will be designated to perform MDMA assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. In addition to MDMA, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is in phase 3 trials for treating resistant depression but unlikely to be available before late 2025 at the earliest. An argument can be made that there has not been a truly novel antipsychotic since the introduction of clozapine in the US in 1990. All first-generation antipsychotics have been dopamine 2 antagonists and second-generation drugs have involved some ratio of 5HT2 antagonism to D2 blockade. In 2023, the FDA accepted the application of xenomaline/tropsium (KarXT) which may become the first muscarinic M1M4 agonist approved for the treatment of schizophrenia.82,83 Tropsium is added as a muscarine antagonist to block the peripheral cholinergic effects of a muscarine agonist. Xenomaline/tropsium appears to be effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In a phase 3 study of 407 patients with schizophrenia, xenomaline/tropsium at doses of xenomaline/50 mg/tropsium 20 mg twice daily up to 125 mg/30 mg twice daily was significantly more effective than placebo in treating both and negative symptoms over 5 weeks of treatment. As would be expected, the side effect profile of xenomaline/tropsium is very different that all currently available antipsychotics. There is no risk of EPS as it is not a dopamine antagonist, and xenomaline/tropsium is not associated with significant metabolic effects. The side effects are cholinergic in nature and include constipation, dry mouth, and nausea. A decision is expected in September of 2024. The year 2023 also saw the approval of the first disease modifying drug in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, lecanemab (Lequembi). While acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have been available for decades, these drugs modestly improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease patients and do not alter the progressive course of the illness. Lecanemab is an IV monoclonal antibody that targets the removal of beta-amyloid in the brain as well proto-fibrils that are also known to be toxic to neuronal tissue. When given early in the course of the illness, patients treated with Lecanemab showed 27% less decline on some measures of cognition and function than did patients treated with a placebo over 18 months (about 1 and a half years). It is not known whether treatment for longer than 18 months would show lesser or greater decline over time. However, there are simulation studies that suggest that Lecanemab may modestly reduce the number of patients who progress to severe Alzheimer's disease and require institutional care. The standard dose is 10 mg/kg given via IV over one hour every 2 weeks for 18 months. Lecanemab is typically administered in an infusion center so that side effects can be monitored. The most serious side effects of Lecanemab are amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) that are associated with brain edema and microhemorrhages. ARIA can occur in up to 15% of patients. More common side effects are headache and nausea. While it remains to be seen how useful these new agents will be in clinical practice, they do represent an approach to treating neuropsychiatric disorders that are a notable departure from the pharmacotherapy of the past half century. It seems likely that some patients who have not been able to respond to or tolerate traditional pharmacotherapy will find hope in these new medications.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-06-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.64719/pb.4493", "pubmed_id": "38993656", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.64719/pb.4493", "keywords": "Humans, Bupropion, Dextromethorphan, Psychotropic Drugs, Antidepressive Agents, Drug Monitoring, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38993656\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Headache / Migraine,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4601, "title": "IS PSYCHEDELIC TREATMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS READY FOR PRIME TIME?", "normalized_title": "is psychedelic treatment of mental health disorders ready for prime time", "authors": "Nauman Ashraf", "abstract": "Psychedelics, substances known to alter perception, mood, and consciousness, have been used across various cultures for centuries, often in religious ceremonies to facilitate spiritual experiences. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was used clinically from the 1950s until its ban in 1967. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in psychedelics for treating mental health disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders. The FDA has designated several psychedelic compounds as \"breakthrough therapies,\" acknowledging their potential for safety and effectiveness. Psychedelics like Psilocybin, LSD, DMT/Ayahuasca, MDMA, Peyote, and Ketamine work through various mechanisms, including agonism at 5HT2A receptors and NMDA antagonism. These substances promote neuroplasticity and can disrupt pathological activity patterns in the brain's default mode network (DMN), facilitating new perspectives and emotional processing. Psychedelic-assisted therapy leverages these properties to help patients gain insight into repressed conflicts and reduce maladaptive defenses. The therapeutic process involves preparation, support during dosing, and integration phases. Safety concerns include hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), serotonin toxicity, and potential boundary violations. Despite promising early results, comprehensive research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential and limitations of psychedelics. Psychedelic-assisted therapy could offer hope and transformation for millions suffering from mental illnesses if proven safe and effective.", "journal": "Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society", "publication_date": "2024-06-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.63050/jpps.21.02.935", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.63050/jpps.21.02.935", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, MDMA, Ayahuasca, Anxiety, Mental health, Psychotherapist, Consciousness, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Anthropology, Sociology, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400219530\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400219530\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2990240756\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312059979\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387403624\",\"https://openalex.org/W4399215777\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010828250\",\"display_name\":\"Nauman Ashraf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-5357\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4393917701\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.63050/jpps.21.02.935\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400219530" }, { "id": 1269, "title": "Up-to-Date on clinical and preclinical studies of psilocybin therapy", "normalized_title": "up to date on clinical and preclinical studies of psilocybin therapy", "authors": "Daisuke Ibi", "abstract": "大うつ病性障害患者の30～40％はSSRIなど既存の抗うつ薬を適切に使用しても，症状の十分な改善が認められない治療抵抗性うつ病である．2016年のCarhart-Harrisらの報告を皮切りに，マジックマッシュルームの幻覚成分である「シロシビン」が治療抵抗性うつ病に対して，即効かつ持続的な治療効果を示すことが多数報告されている．また，シロシビンは治療抵抗性うつ病のみならず，大うつ病性障害，双極性障害のうつ病相，摂食障害や依存症にも治療効果を示すことが報告された．それら報告を受け，米国食品医薬品局は2018年と2019年にシロシビンが治療抵抗性うつ病および大うつ病性障害の革新的治療薬になり得るとそれぞれ発表した．また，シロシビン投与により認められる副作用としては，頭痛や疲労感など一過性の軽微なものしか報告されておらず，安全に使用できると考えられている．我々は2023年の本誌において（第158巻 第3号 229～232ページ），シロシビンをはじめとしたサイケデリックス（セロトニン作動性幻覚薬，精神展開薬）の抗うつ作用におけるセロトニン5-HT2A受容体（5-HT2A）の役割に関する総説を報告したが，それを踏まえ，本稿ではシロシビンの抗うつ作用など精神疾患治療効果に関する臨床および基礎研究の最新報告を紹介し，さらに最近の我々の研究にも触れつつ，シロシビンの可能性やシロシビン治療の問題点についても考察する．", "journal": "Folia Pharmacologica Japonica", "publication_date": "2024-06-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1254/fpj.24007", "pubmed_id": "38945903", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.24007", "keywords": "Chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400167794\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400167794\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158327608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912024381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289520962\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306169132\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383874233\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385827827\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389397550\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023373285\",\"display_name\":\"Daisuke Ibi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S156890813\",\"source_display_name\":\"Folia Pharmacologica Japonica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.24007\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400167794" }, { "id": 4603, "title": "Historical Perspectives and Pharmacodynamic Actions of the Magic Mushroom (Psilocybin) for Future Global Healthcare", "normalized_title": "historical perspectives and pharmacodynamic actions of the magic mushroom psilocybin for future global healthcare", "authors": "Bennett Lange, Luke Morgan, Christopher Mattox, Suhrud Pathak, Keyi Liu, Rishi Nadar, Jun Ren, Jeyaram Bharathi Jeyabalan, Timothy Moore, Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran", "abstract": "Many medicines and treatments for varying levels of ailments were found through natural bioactives before complex separation techniques were available.Ironically, as medicine advances, drastically more people seem to be reverting to a desire for these natural bioactives.Due to this, it is important to discover and research the pharmacology of historically used plants and how exactly they can exert their effects.Magic mushrooms are a polyphyletic group of mushrooms that are characterized by the presence of a psychedelic compound (a drug classification that changes mental state and elicits hallucinations), Psilocybin.The PubMed (NIH) database was manually searched for published manuscripts up through the second week of April, 2024 for the current study using an advanced search feature.The keywords used for the search are given below.The search was done using the CDC, NIH and WHO databases.Journal articles, books and book chapters were manually searched under all languages without filter restrictions.Psilocybin has been found to exert a change in many different organ systems of the human body, including the central nervous system, ophthalmic system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, excretory system, endocrine system, immune system, integumentary system, auditory system, smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and spinal cord.This is possible through converting Psilocybin to Psilocin in the liver, which is a 5-HT2A agonist.This review profoundly analyzes magic mushrooms historical, current and future uses as they pertain to the human healthcare system.These uses contain nutraceutical, prophylactic and therapeutic pathways.It will also cover the toxicological effects on these organ systems and how dangerous these effects are.", "journal": "Trends in Medical Research", "publication_date": "2024-06-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3923/tmr.2024.245.273", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2024.245.273", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacodynamics, Health care, MAGIC (telescope), Mushroom, Medicine, Pharmacology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Economics, Economic growth, Quantum mechanics, Physics, Food science, Pharmacokinetics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Lange\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111256320\",\"display_name\":\"Luke Morgan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104433694\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Mattox\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076318449\",\"display_name\":\"Suhrud Pathak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-4757\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103048885\",\"display_name\":\"Keyi Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020386771\",\"display_name\":\"Rishi Nadar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079882386\",\"display_name\":\"Jun Ren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-2004\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076437356\",\"display_name\":\"Jeyaram Bharathi Jeyabalan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103236772\",\"display_name\":\"Timothy Moore\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-268X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029010126\",\"display_name\":\"Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-3440\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S20279327\",\"source_display_name\":\"Trends in Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2024.245.273\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400607327" }, { "id": 1075, "title": "Acute Effects of Hallucinogens on Functional Connectivity: Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A", "normalized_title": "acute effects of hallucinogens on functional connectivity psilocybin and salvinorin a", "authors": "Frederick A. Bagdasarian, Hanne D. Hansen, Jingyuan Chen, Chi-Hyeon Yoo, Michael S. Placzek, Jacob M. Hooker, Hsiao-Ying Wey", "abstract": "The extent of changes in functional connectivity (FC) within functional networks as a common feature across hallucinogenic drug classes is under-explored. This work utilized fMRI to assess the dissociative hallucinogens Psilocybin, a classical serotonergic psychedelic, and Salvinorin-A, a kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, on resting-state FC in nonhuman primates. We highlight overlapping and differing influence of these substances on FC relative to the thalamus, claustrum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), default mode network (DMN), and DMN subcomponents. Analysis was conducted on a within-subject basis. Findings support the cortico-claustro-cortical network model for probing functional effects of hallucinogens regardless of serotonergic potential, with a potential key paradigm centered around the claustrum, PFC, anterior cingulate cortices (ACC), and angular gyrus relationship. Thalamo-cortical networks are implicated but appear dependent on 5-HT2A R activation. Acute desynchronization relative to the DMN for both drugs was also shown. Our findings provide a framework to understand broader mechanisms at which hallucinogens in differing classes may impact subjects regardless of the target receptor.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-06-24", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00245", "pubmed_id": "38916752", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00245", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Ayahuasca, Pharmacology, Biology, Ecology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400002012\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400002012\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W104059927\",\"https://openalex.org/W1872197089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1932565198\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964807622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985623917\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988299846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004109806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004486666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010391271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020659752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026484120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058284686\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060895955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061003036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074726570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081452182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082655966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085879736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120836623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121148760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142704974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161282151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167295928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170938715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2521957279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586126893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769349069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885746909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927836703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973639884\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013453277\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036596508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045883871\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084922089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090010637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095547609\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097554175\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134702649\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180269126\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207723116\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220970541\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226167020\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235770099\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241221200\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283211919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362696780\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366998343\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033175481\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick A. Bagdasarian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-4494\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100770062\",\"display_name\":\"Jingyuan Chen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-883X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059788138\",\"display_name\":\"Chi-Hyeon Yoo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-4583\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090963559\",\"display_name\":\"Michael S. Placzek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-6024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026299628\",\"display_name\":\"Jacob M. Hooker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-7708\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055559084\",\"display_name\":\"Hsiao-Ying Wey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-8489\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00245\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400002012" }, { "id": 639, "title": "Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine", "normalized_title": "hypertensive emergency secondary to combining psilocybin mushrooms extended release dextroamphetamine amphetamine and tranylcypromine", "authors": "Brian S. Barnett, Curtis J. Koons, Vincent Van den Eynde, Peter Kenneth Gillman, J. Alexander Bodkin", "abstract": "Data on medication interactions with psychedelics are limited. Here we present what may be the first published report of a hypertensive emergency following the combination of psilocybin mushrooms with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). A42-year-old man with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder took 1 g of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, while prescribed tranylcypromine, extended-release dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, and other medications. Approximately half an hour later, he developed severe hypertension with chest pain, palpitations, and headache. Upon hospital presentation, the electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-elevation. The patient was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction and treated with lorazepam, nitroglycerin, and aspirin. He subsequently underwent emergency cardiac catheterization, which revealed no significant cardiac abnormalities. Following overnight hospitalization, he was discharged home with no lasting physical sequelae. Though data are few, past studies suggest that classic serotonergic psychedelics (5HT-2A receptor agonists) such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT), lysergic acid (LSD), and synthetic psilocybin should not produce hypertensive emergency when combined with MAOIs. We suspect phenylethylamine, found in Psilocybe cubensis and other species of psilocybin mushrooms, interacted with tranylcypromine and dextroamphetamine-amphetamine to produce this hypertensive emergency. Patients prescribed MAOIs should be warned of the potential for hypertensive emergency when consuming psilocybin mushrooms, particularly when also prescribed norepinephrine releasers such as dextroamphetamine-amphetamine.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2024-06-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2024.2368617", "pubmed_id": "38903003", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2368617", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Amphetamine, Dextroamphetamine, Tranylcypromine, Medicine, Anesthesia, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Monoamine oxidase, Internal medicine, Chemistry, Enzyme, Dopamine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399897612\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399897612\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1237114612\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965983395\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972055688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972365640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984372165\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998408883\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999517542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017471862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033896044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067978628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089642713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111452082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140813868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146421878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2230851606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2268462664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2278840475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344956345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401553616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412986447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417318806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2467792582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557269161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784462899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135595060\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192404320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195045424\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230882778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290805404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309210963\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387540929\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391513999\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712788439\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018028836\",\"display_name\":\"Brian S. Barnett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-5701\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099344859\",\"display_name\":\"Curtis J. Koons\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070492748\",\"display_name\":\"Vincent Van den Eynde\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-0054\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013000403\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Kenneth Gillman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-3397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017757209\",\"display_name\":\"J. Alexander Bodkin\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2368617\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399897612" }, { "id": 3338, "title": "Increased 5-HT2A receptor signalling efficacy differentiates serotonergic psychedelics from non-psychedelics", "normalized_title": "increased 5 ht2a receptor signalling efficacy differentiates serotonergic psychedelics from non psychedelics", "authors": "Ippolito A, Vasudevan S, Hurley S, Gilmour G, Westhorpe F, Churchill G, Sharp T.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Background and Purpose Serotonergic psychedelic drugs are under renewed investigation for the potential treatment of several psychiatric disorders. While all serotonergic psychedelics have 5-HT2A receptor activity, the explanation for why some 5-HT2A receptor agonists are not psychedelic is unknown. To address this question, we investigated the 5-HT2A receptor signalling bias and efficacy of a panel of psychedelics and non-psychedelics. Experimental Approach G -coupled (Ca 2+ and IP) and β-arrestin2 signalling effects of eight chemically diverse psychedelics (psilocin, 5-MeO-DMT, LSD, mescaline, 25B-NBOMe and DOI) and non-psychedelics (lisuride and TBG) were characterised using SH-SY5Y cells expressing recombinant human 5-HT2A receptors. Measurements of signalling efficacy and bias were derived from dose-responses curves for each agonist, compared to 5-HT. Follow-up experiments sought to confirm the generality of findings using rat C6 cells expressing endogenous 5-HT2A receptors. Key Results In SH-SY5Y cells, all psychedelics were partial agonists at both 5-HT2A receptor signalling pathways and none showed significant signalling bias. In comparison, in SH-SY5Y cells the non-psychedelics lisuride and TBG were not distinguishable from psychedelics in terms of biased agonist properties, but both exhibited the lowest 5-HT2A receptor signalling efficacy of all drugs tested, a result confirmed in C6 cells. Conclusion and Implications In summary, all psychedelics tested were unbiased, partial 5-HT2A receptor agonists. Importantly, the non-psychedelics lisuride and TBG were discriminated from psychedelics, not through biased signalling but rather by relatively low efficacy. Thus, 5-HT2A receptor signalling efficacy and not bias provides a possible explanation for why some 5-HT2A receptor agonists are not psychedelic.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-06-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.06.13.594677", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.13.594677", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR868508\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1088, "title": "Effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in atrial preparations of transgenic mice and humans", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5 ht4 serotonin receptors in atrial preparations of transgenic mice and humans", "authors": "Joachim Neumann, Kiril Dimov, Karyna Azatsian, Britt Hofmann, Ulrich Gergs", "abstract": "Several fungi belonging to the genus Psilocybe, also called “magic mushrooms”, contain the hallucinogenic drugs psilocybin and psilocin. They are chemically related to serotonin (5-HT). In addition to being abused as drugs, they are now also being discussed or used as a treatment option for depression. Here, we hypothesized that psilocybin and psilocin may act also on cardiac serotonin receptors and studied them in vitro in atrial preparations of our transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocytes-specific overexpression of the human 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4-TG) as well as in human atrial preparations. Both psilocybin and psilocin enhanced the force of contraction in isolated left atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG, increased the beating rate in isolated spontaneously beating right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG and augmented the force of contraction in the human atrial preparations. The inotropic and chronotropic effects of psilocybin and psilocin at 10 µM were smaller than that of 1 µM 5-HT on the left and right atria from 5-HT4-TG, respectively. Psilocybin and psilocin were inactive in WT. In the human atrial preparations, inhibition of the phosphodiesterase III by cilostamide was necessary to unmask the positive inotropic effects of psilocybin or psilocin. The effects of 10 µM psilocybin and psilocin were abrogated by 10 µM tropisetron or by 1 µM GR125487, a more selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. In summary, we demonstrated that psilocin and psilocybin act as agonists on cardiac 5-HT4 receptors.", "journal": "Toxicology Letters", "publication_date": "2024-06-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.06.006", "pubmed_id": "38876450", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.06.006", "keywords": "Psilocybin, 5-HT4 receptor, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Chemistry, Receptor, 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT receptor, Internal medicine, Biology, Medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399577263\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399577263\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":18,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004204424\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008089595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025005902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042485002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137318992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153019281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756407669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790071649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799707392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807131098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914766411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966952499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969568884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139836780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319657143\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W6769844249\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064946477\",\"display_name\":\"Joachim Neumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-3851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099103539\",\"display_name\":\"Kiril Dimov\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017250778\",\"display_name\":\"Karyna Azatsian\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049919699\",\"display_name\":\"Britt Hofmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-9623\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038198504\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrich Gergs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-485X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205878144\",\"source_display_name\":\"Toxicology Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.06.006\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399577263" }, { "id": 1110, "title": "Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder", "normalized_title": "unlocking the healing power of psilocybin an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder obsessive compulsive disorder and substance use disorder", "authors": "Sandra Szafoni, Piotr Gręblowski, Klaudia Grabowska, Gniewko Więckiewicz", "abstract": "Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conducted to find effective alternatives to traditional therapies. One of these alternatives is psilocybin, a psychedelic substance that has been tested in clinical trials as an adjunct to psychotherapy. These studies focus on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorder (SUD), particularly alcohol and nicotine dependence. This article looks at the current understanding of psilocybin, including data from clinical trials conducted, psilocybin's mechanism of action, its safety and the level of risk associated with it.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-06-10", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888", "pubmed_id": "38919636", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Obsessive compulsive, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Clinical trial, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Cognition, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399572299\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399572299\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W77478258\",\"https://openalex.org/W1587734848\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966424565\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970165113\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983350514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986426704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036448465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041591334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050383033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057120528\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093994427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097355938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100861230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134756982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147289447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155961498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2194924010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2654923513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759054628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805577811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895197076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896040605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904660484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927836703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979100461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112173414\",\"https://openalex.org/W3117921577\",\"https://openalex.org/W3143773781\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146268156\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171833614\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183684219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201512146\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204944997\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215301772\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214779885\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214940428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220829235\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224116256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241294122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281666404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281762597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297478109\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298055464\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307134464\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308040950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353070324\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367664319\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378549583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379383539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382133350\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382240642\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385628167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386069067\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387818312\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387941143\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393349118\",\"https://openalex.org/W4394693583\",\"https://openalex.org/W6634905416\",\"https://openalex.org/W6641677328\",\"https://openalex.org/W6660805464\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661898125\",\"https://openalex.org/W6662749299\",\"https://openalex.org/W6674380826\",\"https://openalex.org/W6679984609\",\"https://openalex.org/W6683883610\",\"https://openalex.org/W6708533747\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\",\"https://openalex.org/W6752234185\",\"https://openalex.org/W6755541052\",\"https://openalex.org/W6758932831\",\"https://openalex.org/W6777529714\",\"https://openalex.org/W6782802736\",\"https://openalex.org/W6786823634\",\"https://openalex.org/W6797335148\",\"https://openalex.org/W6852560692\",\"https://openalex.org/W6855225731\",\"https://openalex.org/W6855914970\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010700554\",\"display_name\":\"Sandra Szafoni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-5734\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099102094\",\"display_name\":\"Piotr Gręblowski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5099102095\",\"display_name\":\"Klaudia Grabowska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086168835\",\"display_name\":\"Gniewko Więckiewicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-393X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399572299" }, { "id": 4609, "title": "Therapeutic Potential of Fungally Derived Psilocybin Extract in Morphine-Dependent Mice: A Research Protocol", "normalized_title": "therapeutic potential of fungally derived psilocybin extract in morphine dependent mice a research protocol", "authors": "Linda Nguyen, Sona Regonda, Adam Gaisinsky", "abstract": "Introduction: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine derivative psychedelic compound potently produced by fungi members of the genus Psilocybe. Previous literature has highlighted psilocybin as a serotonin 2A receptor agonist with striking effects on neural plasticity and cognition. Recent studies explore the usage of psilocybin in addressing addictive behaviours and substance abuse. Small psilocybin doses have shown promising anti-addictive and withdrawal-minimizing properties in alcohol-dependent mice. This study will further investigate this emerging field through a novel lens. We propose a novel study to elucidate psylobicin’s effect on opioid addiction in mouse models. Methods: Morphine-dependent mice will be administered either saline vehicle or differing doses of psilocybin during a morphine-available period to monitor consumption. Though mechanistically ambiguous, psilocybin’s hypothesized entry into serotonin-dependent stress-conciliating pathways supports the hypothesis that mean morphine consumption will decrease in a dose-dependent manner to similar levels to popular opioid receptor agonist therapeutics, such as methadone. Furthermore, we will examine psilocybin's impact on withdrawal behaviour. After morphine deprival on dependent mice, sustained doses of psilocybin, methadone, and positive and negative controls will be administered. Results: By analyzing stress-indicative behaviours in mice, the efficacy of psilocybin as a withdrawal assistance agent can be elucidated. Results from the morphine-dependent mice are expected to consume less morphine than controls, and minimize withdrawal symptoms at a similar level to popular therapeutic options like methadone. Discussion: If successful, psilocybin’s anti-addictive potential will help provide a cheaper, more accessible therapeutic option in addressing the growing opioid crisis. Furthermore, controlled psilocybin dosages have been shown to have lesser dependence potential compared to modern opioid addiction therapeutics. Conclusion: This study’s novel approach will provide meaningful support in exploring the growing field of mycology and its potential to address other substance use disorders. Future research may explore outside the limitations of the mouse model, like the oral administration of the compounds rather than intraperitoneal injection.", "journal": "Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal", "publication_date": "2024-06-09", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.26685/urncst.588", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.26685/urncst.588", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Morphine, Pharmacology, Addiction, Methadone, Psychology, Agonist, Opioid, Medicine, Neuroscience, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399487178\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399487178\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033287159\",\"display_name\":\"Linda Nguyen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2419-3778\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093548220\",\"display_name\":\"Sona Regonda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-9733\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093548219\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Gaisinsky\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7513-6118\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306533725\",\"source_display_name\":\"Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.26685/urncst.588\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Abuse Liability", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399487178" }, { "id": 4611, "title": "Structure of a Hallucinogen-Activated Gq-Coupled 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor", "normalized_title": "structure of a hallucinogen activated gq coupled 5 ht2a serotonin receptor", "authors": "Ouliana Panova, Nichols D.E, Shoichet B.K, Lyu J, Georgios Skiniotis, Che T, Roth B.L, DiBerto J.F, Daniel Wacker, Robertson M.J, Kami Kim, Krumm B.E, Seven A.B", "abstract": "Hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and substituted N-benzyl phenylalkylamines are widely used recreationally with psilocybin being considered as a therapeutic for many neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. How psychedelics mediate their actions-both therapeutic and hallucinogenic-are not understood, although activation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor (HTR2A) is key. To gain molecular insights into psychedelic actions, we determined the active-state structure of HTR2A bound to 25-CN-NBOH-a prototypical hallucinogen-in complex with an engineered Gαq heterotrimer by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). We also obtained the X-ray crystal structures of HTR2A complexed with the arrestin-biased ligand LSD or the inverse agonist methiothepin. Comparisons of these structures reveal determinants responsible for HTR2A-Gαq protein interactions as well as the conformational rearrangements involved in active-state transitions. Given the potential therapeutic actions of hallucinogens, these findings could accelerate the discovery of more selective drugs for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.; Roth et al. reveal structurally how psychedelics, including LSD, psilocin, mescaline, and various N-BOH analogs, mediate their therapeutic and hallucinogenic effects by binding to and activating their molecular target, the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor coupled with G-protein Gαq.", "journal": "UNC Libraries", "publication_date": "2024-06-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.17615/yb2v-ca64", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17615/yb2v-ca64", "keywords": "Serotonin, Hallucinogen, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT2 receptor, Receptor, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400050300\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4400050300\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068713188\",\"display_name\":\"Ouliana Panova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-620X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111239908\",\"display_name\":\"Nichols D.E\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Shoichet B.K\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104083629\",\"display_name\":\"Lyu J\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029581589\",\"display_name\":\"Georgios Skiniotis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-7846\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109738169\",\"display_name\":\"Che T\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007286402\",\"display_name\":\"Roth B.L\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113264807\",\"display_name\":\"DiBerto J.F\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052975669\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Wacker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-7230\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102695478\",\"display_name\":\"Robertson M.J\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042341113\",\"display_name\":\"Kami Kim\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-152X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114182572\",\"display_name\":\"Krumm B.E\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114182597\",\"display_name\":\"Seven A.B\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407051488\",\"source_display_name\":\"UNC Libraries\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17615/yb2v-ca64\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400050300" }, { "id": 4612, "title": "Minorities’ Diminished Psychedelic Returns: Gender, Perceived Stigma, and Distress", "normalized_title": "minorities diminished psychedelic returns gender perceived stigma and distress", "authors": "Sean M. Viña", "abstract": "Because psychedelics have been found to increase psychological traits like openness, mental flexibility, and interpersonal perceptiveness, some researchers believe that psychedelics could help individuals cope with the psychological effects of discrimination. However, it is still unclear whether psychedelic use can help manage the internalized stigma that deters formal mental health treatment. This study investigates the impact of six measures of psychedelic use (MDMA, psilocybin, DMT, ayahuasca, peyote/mescaline, and LSD) on psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) and internalized stigma. The study used data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2008 to 2019, with a sample size of 458,372 participants. Ordinary least square regression models were conducted using Stata 18. Gender analysis found that among men, ayahuasca use was linked to reduced stigma perception associated with higher distress. For women, DMT use was linked to reduced stigma perceptions when experiencing higher distress. However, results find that individuals who have used MDMA and psilocybin reported heightened perceptions of stigma associated with increased psychological distress. Among women, MDMA and psilocybin use was associated with a higher perception of stigma when they experienced distress. These findings suggest that, overall, psychedelics may not reduce the impact of distress on the perception of stigma, especially for women.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2024-06-01", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives3020019", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020019", "keywords": "Distress, Stigma (botany), Psychology, Clinical psychology, Social psychology, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399304220\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399304220\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1605451688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965590723\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965867022\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971000297\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971536321\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980165951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989012023\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995755686\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002990846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021054271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034918627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076646346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112796683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113063848\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113285179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126724189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155706903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326404202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326814277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607270660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616930902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794401714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902270919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902569044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913738311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965468106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973627003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974636061\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003134220\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005226053\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094556688\",\"https://openalex.org/W3111009006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135005144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135169733\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136685219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155385798\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3174895070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177450291\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180018060\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182096564\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195386154\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198853907\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217292410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200386814\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205627344\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206486089\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213367093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220695431\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283206789\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"https://openalex.org/W4304118763\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306699545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307773202\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310598708\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311477082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380988406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381895482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385458750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386828200\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390697941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392545393\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395463889\",\"https://openalex.org/W6845416304\",\"https://openalex.org/W6845784890\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092254858\",\"display_name\":\"Sean M. Viña\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7125-0192\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020019\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399304220" }, { "id": 1012, "title": "Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms", "normalized_title": "pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin containing mushrooms", "authors": "Ryan J. Rakoczy, Grace N. Runge, Abhishek K. Sen, Oscar Sandoval, Hunter G. Wells, Quynh Nguyen, B. Roberts, Jon H. Sciortino, William J. Gibbons, Lucas M. Friedberg, J. Andrew Jones, Matthew S. McMurray", "abstract": "Background and Purpose Demand for new antidepressants has resulted in a re-evaluation of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs. Several tryptamines found in psilocybin-containing “magic” mushrooms share chemical similarities with psilocybin. Early work suggests they may share biological targets. However, few studies have explored their pharmacological and behavioural effects. Experimental Approach We compared baeocystin, norbaeocystin and aeruginascin with psilocybin to determine if they are metabolized by the same enzymes, similarly penetrate the blood-brain barrier, serve as ligands for similar receptors and modulate behaviour in rodents similarly. We also assessed the stability and optimal storage and handling conditions for each compound. Key Results In vitro enzyme kinetics assays found that all compounds had nearly identical rates of dephosphorylation via alkaline phosphatase and metabolism by monoamine oxidase. Further, we found that only the dephosphorylated products of baeocystin and norbaeocystin crossed a blood-brain barrier mimetic to a similar degree as the dephosphorylated form of psilocybin, psilocin. The dephosphorylated form of norbaeocystin was found to activate the 5-HT2A receptor with similar efficacy to psilocin and norpsilocin in in vitro cell imaging assays. Behaviourally, only psilocybin induced head twitch responses in rats, a marker of 5-HT2A -mediated psychedelic effects and hallucinogenic potential. However, like psilocybin, norbaeocystin improved outcomes in the forced swim test. All compounds caused minimal changes to metrics of renal and hepatic health, suggesting innocuous safety profiles. Conclusions and Implications Collectively, this work suggests that other naturally occurring tryptamines, especially norbaeocystin, may share overlapping therapeutic potential with psilocybin, but without causing hallucinations.", "journal": "British Journal of Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-06-01", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/bph.16466", "pubmed_id": "38825326", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.16466", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tryptamines, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Tryptamine, Psychology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399276098\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399276098\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":22,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980361506\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991575926\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003973769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009147840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015811644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032865438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036251618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038786381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057200138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069027411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090703082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132257230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132937104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2196303538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413606534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2416183456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752192887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802656036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886020856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973895336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984194970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987819628\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039630529\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042519295\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127285408\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175025894\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220669239\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236357753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282941439\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294203445\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295755919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297459205\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313680817\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319298186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323305766\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381309423\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385196900\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390032737\",\"https://openalex.org/W6687595114\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053666839\",\"display_name\":\"Ryan J. Rakoczy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093110366\",\"display_name\":\"Grace N. Runge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077644431\",\"display_name\":\"Abhishek K. Sen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111218483\",\"display_name\":\"Oscar Sandoval\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111218484\",\"display_name\":\"Hunter G. Wells\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057147486\",\"display_name\":\"Quynh Nguyen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-9026\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113237357\",\"display_name\":\"B. Roberts\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093110367\",\"display_name\":\"Jon H. Sciortino\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"William J. Gibbons\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028069840\",\"display_name\":\"Lucas M. Friedberg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070067902\",\"display_name\":\"J. Andrew Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9068-2126\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072282809\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew S. McMurray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-2933\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S55107261\",\"source_display_name\":\"British Journal of Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.16466\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,In Vitro Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399276098" }, { "id": 4615, "title": "Psilocybin, peyote, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use in a nationally representative population by cancer history.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin peyote mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide lsd use in a nationally representative population by cancer history", "authors": "Amrit Baral, Yue Pan, Alberto J. Caban Martinez, Paulo S. Pinheiro, WayWay M. Hlaing, Denise C. Vidot", "abstract": "e22518 Background: Classic psychedelics (Peyote, Psilocybin, Mescaline, and LSD) are re-emerging in the oncology toolbox. Peyote is the oldest known psychedelic, yet underexplored in clinical research. Preclinical studies suggest its extract stimulates lymphocyte proliferation, kills tumor cells, and may regulate sleep. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of classic psychedelic use among a US-representative sample of adults with and without a history of cancer. Methods: Data ( N= 208,220, weighted N: 239,589,661) from adults >18y in the 2015 - 2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (52.8% female, 68.4% non-Hispanic White, 45.6% aged ≥50y) were analyzed to estimate lifetime classic psychedelic use among those with no cancer history, past history (diagnosed > 1y ago), or recently (≤1y ago) diagnosed. Weighted prevalence of psychedelic use, 95% confidence intervals, and adjusted (sex, race, income, education) odds ratio were calculated using logistic regression analysis in SAS. Results: Overall, 6.2% had a cancer history and 14.0% reported lifetime classic psychedelics use. LSD was the most prevalent in the sample (10.6%, 95% CI:10.4-10.8) compared to Psilocybin (9.6%, 95% CI: 9.4-9.9), Mescaline (3.1%, 95% CI:3.0-3.2), and Peyote (2.3%, 95% CI:2.2-2.4). Psychedelic use was lowest in adults with past cancer diagnosis (12.3%, 95% CI:11.4-13.1) vs recently diagnosed [14.0% (95% CI:12.0-16.0] and cancer naive (14.1%, 95% CI:13.8-14.4). Each classic psychedelic was used more often among recent cancer diagnosed adults than past diagnosed (p < 0.05). Specifically, LSD (11.1%, 95% CI:9.3-12.9 vs 9.3%, 95% CI:8.5-10.0), Psilocybin (8.3%, 95% CI:6.6-10.0 vs 7.3%, 95% CI: 6.7-8.0), Mescaline (5.4%, 95% CI:4.0-6.8 vs 4.6%, 95% CI: 3.9-5.2), and Peyote (3.7%, 95% CI: 2.5-5.0 vs 2.9%, 95% CI: 2.5-3.4) use was higher in recently diagnosed cancer patients than past diagnosed. There were no significant differences in age, except among Peyote. Among 18-to-34-year-olds, recent cancer patients had 3-fold greater odds (aOR:3.55, 95%CI: 1.11-11.31) of using peyote vs cancer naïve. In ≥50-year-olds, those with past cancer diagnosis had 21% lower odds (aOR:0.79, 95% CI:0.63-0.97) of using peyote vs cancer naïve. Conclusions: Results suggest differential psychedelic use by cancer history and age. These findings, while limited by temporality of diagnosis and initiation of psychedelic use, underscore the need to investigate reasons and long-term impact of specific psychedelic use with more rigor among adults with a cancer history.", "journal": "Journal of Clinical Oncology", "publication_date": "2024-05-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e22518", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e22518", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Mescaline, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Cancer, Population, Psychiatry, Dermatology, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399305171\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399305171\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048796411\",\"display_name\":\"Amrit Baral\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0961-9665\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077488971\",\"display_name\":\"Yue Pan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-0975\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029219239\",\"display_name\":\"Alberto J. Caban Martinez\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031599334\",\"display_name\":\"Paulo S. Pinheiro\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-835X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018316580\",\"display_name\":\"WayWay M. Hlaing\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-748X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043602560\",\"display_name\":\"Denise C. Vidot\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-6928\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S15137598\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Clinical Oncology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e22518\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Animal Study,Cancer Patients,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399305171" }, { "id": 726, "title": "Psilocybin reduces heroin seeking behavior and modulates inflammatory gene expression in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of male rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces heroin seeking behavior and modulates inflammatory gene expression in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of male rats", "authors": "Floris G, Dabrowski KR, Zanda MT, Daws SE.", "abstract": "Preclinical and human studies indicate psilocybin may reduce perseverant maladaptive behaviors, including nicotine and alcohol seeking. Such studies in the opioid field are lacking, though opioids are involved in more >50% of overdose deaths. Psilocybin is an agonist at the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R), a well-documented target for modulation of drug seeking, and evidence suggests 5-HT2A R agonists may dampen motivation for opioids. We sought to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin in mediating cessation of opioid use and maintenance of long-lasting abstinence from opioid seeking behavior in a rat model of heroin self-administration (SA). Psilocybin or 5-HT2A R antagonists ketanserin and volinanserin were administered systemically to rats prior to SA of 0.075 mg/kg/infusion of heroin, or relapse following forced abstinence. Psilocybin did not alter heroin taking, but a single exposure to 3.0 mg/kg psilocybin 4-24 hours prior to a relapse test blunted cue-induced heroin seeking. Conversely, 5-HT2A R antagonists exacerbated heroin relapse. To begin to elucidate mechanisms of psilocybin, drug-naïve rats received psilocybin and/or ketanserin, and tissue was collected from the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region critical for drug seeking and responsive to psilocybin, 24 hours later for RNA-sequencing. 3.0 mg/kg psilocybin regulated ∼2-fold more genes in the PFC than 1.0 mg/kg, including genes involved in the cytoskeleton and cytokine signaling. Ketanserin blocked >90% of psilocybin-regulated genes, including the IL-17a cytokine receptor, Il17ra. Psychedelic compounds have reported anti-inflammatory properties, and therefore we performed a gene expression array to measure chemokine/cytokine molecules in the PFC of animals that displayed psilocybin-mediated inhibition of heroin seeking. Psilocybin regulated 4 genes, including Il17a, and a subset of genes correlated with relapse behavior. Selective inhibition of PFC IL-17a was sufficient to reduce heroin relapse. We conclude that psilocybin reduces heroin relapse and highlight IL-17a signaling as a potential downstream pathway of psilocybin that also reduces heroin seeking.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-05-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.05.28.596205", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.28.596205", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR860490\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1090, "title": "Psilocybin decreases neural responsiveness and increases functional connectivity while preserving pure-tone frequency selectivity in mouse auditory cortex", "normalized_title": "psilocybin decreases neural responsiveness and increases functional connectivity while preserving pure tone frequency selectivity in mouse auditory cortex", "authors": "Adam T. Brockett, Nikolas A. Francis", "abstract": "Recent studies have shown promising therapeutic potential for psychedelics in treating neuropsychiatric conditions. Musical experience during psilocybin-assisted therapy is predictive of treatment outcome, yet little is known about how psilocybin affects auditory processing. Here, we conducted two-photon imaging experiments in auditory cortex of awake mice that received a dose of psilocybin. Our results suggest that psilocybin modulates the roles of intrinsic neural activity versus stimulus-driven influences on auditory perception.", "journal": "Journal of Neurophysiology", "publication_date": "2024-05-28", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1152/jn.00124.2024", "pubmed_id": "38810366", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00124.2024", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Auditory cortex, Stimulus (psychology), Visual cortex, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychotherapist, Receptor, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399141100\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399141100\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1519578210\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964314167\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998050452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022626595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036039853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072806123\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136242018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2210396547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2570114672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2748929572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760207472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770636944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786993517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887114371\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923100148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952059832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970854955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985360922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987619367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990271016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087056597\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106889297\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127399862\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220923563\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223962547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281684055\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287981303\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309473115\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362596352\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378084778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384922499\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386769529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390665254\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060654760\",\"display_name\":\"Adam T. Brockett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-5053\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033210670\",\"display_name\":\"Nikolas A. Francis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-5559\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142952003\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neurophysiology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00124.2024\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399141100" }, { "id": 3788, "title": "Resetting the Hippocampal Buffer: A Neurocognitive Account of Psychedelic Therapy for Anxiety-Related Psychopathology", "normalized_title": "resetting the hippocampal buffer a neurocognitive account of psychedelic therapy for anxiety related psychopathology", "authors": "McGovern H, Wellman N, Hutchinson B, Oestreich LKL, Cooper SE, Fonzo G, Doss M.", "abstract": "Psychedelics (hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists such as psilocybin) are gaining recognition for their potential to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety-related psychopathology. Despite early promising results, the mechanisms by which psychedelic therapy alleviates anxiety are not well understood. Here, we review neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying anxiety-related psychopathology and the impact of psychedelics on these mechanisms. This review culminates in a novel neurocognitive model of how psychedelics promote long-term anxiolysis. We conceptualize anxiety-related psychopathology as a case in which anxiety-related contextual information provided by the hippocampus entrains the amygdala and salience network to bias processing toward anxiety-related information that “refills” the hippocampus and perpetuates this cycle, due to 5-HT2A expression on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively. Psychedelics acutely free cortical networks from hippocampal-dependent contextual constraints in part through 5-HT2A expression on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, while the intrinsic plasticity of the hippocampus and/or psychedelic-mediated plasticity allows for a “resetting of the hippocampal buffer.” As the acute effects wane, increased cortical plasticity may enable the hippocampus to adaptively integrate novel information into a contextual frame that is less biased or constrained by prior aversive conditioning, thus promoting an overall reduction in anxious thoughts and appraisals. We end by discussing potential challenges of psychedelic therapy for anxiety, including that psychedelics can acutely increase anxiety, and suggest directions for future research to determine the optimal treatment paths informed by cognitive neuroscience.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2024-05-25", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/y8sb7", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y8sb7", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:10:22", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR858231\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3343, "title": "Resetting the Hippocampal Buffer: A Neurocognitive Account of Psychedelic Therapy for Anxiety-Related Psychopathology", "normalized_title": "resetting the hippocampal buffer a neurocognitive account of psychedelic therapy for anxiety related psychopathology", "authors": "", "abstract": "Psychedelics (hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists such as psilocybin) are gaining recognition for their potential to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety-related psychopathology. Despite early promising results, the mechanisms by which psychedelic therapy alleviates anxiety are not well understood. Here, we review neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying anxiety-related psychopathology and the impact of psychedelics on these mechanisms. This review culminates in a novel neurocognitive model of how psychedelics promote long-term anxiolysis. We conceptualize anxiety-related psychopathology as a case in which anxiety-related contextual information provided by the hippocampus entrains the amygdala and salience network to bias processing toward anxiety-related information that “refills” the hippocampus and perpetuates this cycle, due to 5-HT2A expression on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively. Psychedelics acutely free cortical networks from hippocampal-dependent contextual constraints in part through 5-HT2A expression on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, while the intrinsic plasticity of the hippocampus and/or psychedelic-mediated plasticity allows for a “resetting of the hippocampal buffer.” As the acute effects wane, increased cortical plasticity may enable the hippocampus to adaptively integrate novel information into a contextual frame that is less biased or constrained by prior aversive conditioning, thus promoting an overall reduction in anxious thoughts and appraisals. We end by discussing potential challenges of psychedelic therapy for anxiety, including that psychedelics can acutely increase anxiety, and suggest directions for future research to determine the optimal treatment paths informed by cognitive neuroscience.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2024-05-25", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/y8sb7_v1", "keywords": "anxiety, clinical neuroscience, hippocampus, psychedelics, psychedelic therapy, Psychiatry, Neuroscience", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"y8sb7_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3277, "title": "On serotonin, psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and related disorders.", "normalized_title": "on serotonin psychedelics entactogens and psychoplastogens in depression anxiety post traumatic stress and related disorders", "authors": "Hoyer D.", "abstract": "There is controversy about a causal role of serotonin (5-HT) in depression, some arguing that there is no proof for impaired brain 5-HT function in depressed patients. Major depressive disorder comes with multiple endophenotypes; not surprisingly classical antidepressants (tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs) are not universally effective. Most antidepressants target the 5-HT system, partially if not exclusively, but treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major issue. The most recent and heavily investigated class of potential rapid acting antidepressant, anxiolytic, and/or anti PTSD drugs, namely psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca, etc..) or entactogens (MDMA, ibogaine), all target the 5-HT system, at least in part. Phase II / III clinical trials support psychedelics- and/or MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a new class of rapid acting treatments for GAD, MDD, TRD, PTSD, and other disorders. Psilocybin and MDMA have FDA breakthrough status for TRD/MDD and PTSD, respectively, whereas LSD just received FDA breakthrough status for GAD. All psychedelics act as 5-HT2A receptor agonists, although LSD, DMT, psilocybin may also target other 5-HT and/or dopamine receptors. Psychedelics produce rapid onset and long-lasting antidepressant effects after one or two administrations. They all promote synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Neuroinflammation plays a major role in anxiety, depression, PTSD. Interestingly, psychedelic-induced 5-HT2A receptor agonism has profound anti-(neuro)inflammatory effects. Altogether, the 5-HT system plays an essential, but not unique role in MDD and related disorders. MDD, TRD and PTSD may be considered as biochemical, neurological and immune conditions, given the emerging role of neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation, which until recently, have been overlooked.", "journal": "Authorea Preprints", "publication_date": "2024-05-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.22541/au.171648613.31141136/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.22541/au.171648613.31141136/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR857433\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Authorea Preprints\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1092, "title": "Psychedelic therapy in depression and substance use disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy in depression and substance use disorders", "authors": "Korkmaz ND, Cikrikcili U, Akan M, Yucesan E.", "abstract": "Psychoactive substances obtained from botanicals have been applied for a wide variety of purposes in the rituals of different cultures for thousands of years. Classical psychedelics from N,N'-dimethyltryptamine, psilocybin, mescaline and various lysergamides cause specific alterations in perception, emotion and cognition by acting through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation. Lysergic acid diethylamide, the first famous breakthrough in the field, was discovered by chance by Albert Hoffman in the Zurich Sandoz laboratory in 1943, and studies on its psychoactive effects began to take place in the literature. Studies in this area were blocked after the legislation controlling the use and research of psychedelic drugs came into force in 1967, but since the 1990s, it has started to be a matter of scientific curiosity again by various research groups. In particular, with the crucial reports of psychotherapy-assisted psilocybin applications for life-threatening cancer-related anxiety and depression, a new avenues have been opened in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as treatment-resistant depression and substance addictions. An increasing number of studies show that psychedelics have a very promising potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases where the desired efficiency cannot be achieved with conventional treatment methods. In this context, we discuss psychedelic therapy, encompassing its historical development, therapeutic applications and potential treatment effects-especially in depression, trauma disorders and substance use disorders-within the framework of ethical considerations.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-05-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/ejn.16421", "pubmed_id": "38773750", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16421", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38773750\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1039, "title": "A retrospective study of the characteristics and toxicology of cases of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)- and psilocybin-related death in Australia", "normalized_title": "a retrospective study of the characteristics and toxicology of cases of lysergic acid diethylamide lsd and psilocybin related death in australia", "authors": "Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Amy Peacock, Michael Farrell, Wayne Hall, Julia Lappin", "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are used as recreational drugs, and there is renewed interest in their clinical use. The current study aimed to (1) determine the circumstances of death and case characteristics of LSD- and psilocybin-related death in Australia, 2000-23; and (2) determine the toxicological profile and major autopsy findings of these cases. METHODS: This was a retrospective exploratory study of all cases of LSD- and psilocybin-related death in Australia, 2000-23, retrieved from the National Coronial Information System. RESULTS: A total of 43 cases were identified: 33 LSD and 10 psilocybin. The median ages were 24 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 13, range = 16-53] (LSD) and 26 years (IQR = 18.5, range = 20-58) (psilocybin), and fewer than five cases were female. The most common circumstance of death among both groups was traumatic accident (LSD36.4%, psilocybin 40.0%). There were 12 cases of self-harm, all of which involved LSD, all by physical means. In a fifth, death was attributed to multiple drug toxicity (LSD18.2%, psilocybin 20.0%). In one case, death was attributed solely to LSD toxicity, while in a further two cases death was attributed to a cardiovascular event following LSD consumption (one LSD only, one multiple drug toxicity). In four psilocybin cases, the cause of death was undetermined. The most common clinical presentation was severe agitation (LSD27.3%, psilocybin 20.0%). Median blood concentrations were LSD0.8 μg/l (IQR = 1.7, range = 0.1-3), psilocin 20 μg/l (IQR = 53.5, range = 6-83). LSD was the only drug present in 25.0% of LSD cases and psilocybin in 20.0% of psilocybin cases. Pre-existing organ pathology was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)- and psilocybin-related death in Australia from 2000 to 2023 was primarily due to traumatic injury, whether through accident or self-harm. Cases of acute toxic reactions that were attributed solely to LSD were rare.", "journal": "Addiction", "publication_date": "2024-05-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1111/add.16518", "pubmed_id": "38771189", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16518", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Toxicology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Biology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4398156492\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4398156492\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W98048706\",\"https://openalex.org/W1946186131\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969791592\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970032098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981905546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026058722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045682764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068681303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095349468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133277676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139748231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2494477347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2556468360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793066401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903884088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973084510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980779999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990240756\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3037166788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092027192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156520588\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207479206\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206232612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210913256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236263188\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280583793\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281793365\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297254232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313201346\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362471804\",\"https://openalex.org/W4372334091\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386955634\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388014221\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388294578\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051820299\",\"display_name\":\"Shane Darke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-7055\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035594424\",\"display_name\":\"Johan Duflou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-635X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041340005\",\"display_name\":\"Amy Peacock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-2026\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078637043\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Farrell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-8130\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053840112\",\"display_name\":\"Wayne Hall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-0096\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052690715\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Lappin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-2144\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S70513841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16518\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4398156492" }, { "id": 1102, "title": "The influence of psilocybin on subconscious and conscious emotional learning", "normalized_title": "the influence of psilocybin on subconscious and conscious emotional learning", "authors": "Andrea Casanova, Andres Ort, John W Smallridge, Katrin H. Preller, Erich Seifritz, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics hold promise as a treatment modality for various psychiatric disorders and are currently applied in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. We investigated the learning effects of the serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin in a probabilistic cue-reward task with emotional cues in the form of neutral or fearful faces, presented either consciously or subconsciously. This study represents the first investigation into reinforcement learning with psilocybin. Across different dosages, psilocybin preserved learning effects and was statistically noninferior compared to placebo, while suggesting a higher exploratory behavior. Notably, the 20 mg group exhibited significantly better learning rates against the placebo group. Psilocybin induced inferior results with subconscious cues compared to placebo, and better results with conscious neutral cues in some conditions. These findings suggest that modulating serotonin signaling in the brain with psilocybin sufficiently preservers reinforcement learning.", "journal": "iScience", "publication_date": "2024-05-18", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2024.110034", "pubmed_id": "38883812", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110034", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Subconscious, Psychology, Cognitive science, Neuroscience, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychiatry, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4397049643\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4397049643\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989324273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990254102\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995041454\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008663231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009210170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043776914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065540111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076457657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083817658\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090519430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094761601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098536759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104049715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110760370\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131216563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133743411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135286048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136045139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144655282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160747344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161563886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167738136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515552584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2764309060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782190599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912884060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972959563\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036400676\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080679302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124059976\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180355975\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187005808\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214717370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282931386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290860874\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309662022\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317715429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379284995\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W6786502226\",\"https://openalex.org/W6853949751\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078986734\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Casanova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8551-5439\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090501438\",\"display_name\":\"Andres Ort\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006657603\",\"display_name\":\"John W Smallridge\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-5115\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898358376\",\"source_display_name\":\"iScience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110034\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4397049643" }, { "id": 1038, "title": "Stutterers’ experiences on classic psychedelics: A preliminary self-report study", "normalized_title": "stutterers experiences on classic psychedelics a preliminary self report study", "authors": "Eric S. Jackson, Noam Goldway, Hope Gerlach, Noah D. Gold", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Fluency Disorders", "publication_date": "2024-05-18", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106062", "pubmed_id": "38833909", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106062", "keywords": "Psychology, Stuttering, Anxiety, Psilocybin, Social anxiety, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Cognition, Psychiatry, Developmental psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4397049703\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4397049703\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1519814300\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989674336\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999590712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017255980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036681317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042774620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049663502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052152483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055463910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070617085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072792543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2307931089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319153952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325794098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2329395632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2428664520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2611358480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887140173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887259868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964775179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995710170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039294975\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093223973\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094915720\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108915515\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135378255\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196496901\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200818806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200846882\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206268123\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229044310\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283211919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307217168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313855425\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361292040\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379093876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389329065\",\"https://openalex.org/W6806771840\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075624104\",\"display_name\":\"Eric S. Jackson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-0452\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091191033\",\"display_name\":\"Noam Goldway\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-5667\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089178997\",\"display_name\":\"Hope Gerlach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-4940\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077047216\",\"display_name\":\"Noah D. Gold\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-6937\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S157553855\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Fluency Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106062\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4397049703" }, { "id": 1104, "title": "RE104: Synthesis and Activity of a Novel Serotonergic Psychedelic Prodrug of 4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine", "normalized_title": "re104 synthesis and activity of a novel serotonergic psychedelic prodrug of 4 hydroxy n n diisopropyltryptamine", "authors": "Nathan Bryson, Robert Alexander, Aviva Asnis-Alibozek, Michael Ehlers", "abstract": "High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Results from randomized clinical trials of psilocybin in depressive disorders highlight the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelic compounds in mental health disorders. The synthetic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist 4-hydroxy- N, N -diisopropyltryptamine (4-OH-DiPT) is structurally similar to psilocin but is reported to have a shorter duration (2-3 h) of psychedelic effects, suggesting the potential for psilocybin-like therapeutic activity with reduced clinical resource burden. Here, we describe the preclinical and translational characterization of RE104, a 4-OH-DiPT prodrug comprising a glutarate moiety designed to cleave rapidly in situ and thus provide reasonable bioavailability of the active drug. Plasma concentration of 4-HO-DiPT over time in PK experiments in rats was correlated with head-twitch intensity. The half-life of 4-OH-DiPT was 40 min after subcutaneous administration of RE104 in rats. In a forced swim test, a single dose of RE104 (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced mean immobility time at 1 week compared with vehicle ( P < 0.001), confirming translational antidepressant potential. Taken together, these data with RE104 show that the glutarate ester can act as an efficient prodrug strategy for 4-HO-DiPT, a unique short-duration psychedelic with potential in depressive disorders.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-05-16", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00058", "pubmed_id": "38758589", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00058", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Prodrug, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Stereochemistry, Serotonin, Psychology, Biology, Biochemistry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396988535\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396988535\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965925823\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985227285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020448388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023331513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030260775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051038048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063487122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079369179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079825367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738885971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116234192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195506672\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206781846\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206942500\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Nathan Bryson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4290-1264\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103079586\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Alexander\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-2952\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104746921\",\"display_name\":\"Aviva Asnis-Alibozek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110349815\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Ehlers\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00058\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396988535" }, { "id": 4623, "title": "Psychedelic renaissance: A renewed focus on the clinical utility of hallucinogens", "normalized_title": "psychedelic renaissance a renewed focus on the clinical utility of hallucinogens", "authors": "Shunichiro Ikeda, Toshihiko Kinoshita", "abstract": "During the 1960s, several studies were conducted to test the therapeutic effects of hallucinogenic drugs, also known as psychedelics, on various disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the non-medical use of these substances became rampant due to their hallucinogenic effects, leading to their classification as narcotics in numerous countries by the 1970s. Since the 1990s, clinical research has resumed. Recently, powerful and rapid therapeutic effects, not observed with conventional psychotropic drugs, have been discovered, garnering global attention. In addition, clinical research in recent years has led to various clinical trials being conducted in the hope of using psychedelics as therapeutic drugs. Specifically, research is beginning to show that cannabidiol, ketamine, MDMA, and psilocybin, the main ingredient in “magic mushrooms,” are effective for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In particular, patients with postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) may benefit. Marijuana derives from cannabis, a plant that has its origin in Central Asia. It has been used for ceremonial and medicinal purposes since ancient times, owing to its euphoric and analgesic effects. The primary cannabinoid ingredient in marijuana is Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which has psychotropic effects, and cannabidiol (CBD), which lacks such effects. Nonpsychoactive CBD received approval for medicinal use in 2018 and 2019 in the United States and Europe, respectively, based on numerous clinical effects. Studies have shown good safety features and tolerability without the common psychoactive effects of THC, in addition to demonstrating no signs of abuse, dependence, physical dependence, or tolerance. Currently reported clinical effects include antiepileptic effects on intractable epilepsy (such as Dravet syndrome); anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiemetic, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic effects; and efficacy in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and other disorders. Ketamine, synthesized in 1962 as a replacement for the anesthetic phencyclidine (PCP), is called a “dissociative anesthetic” because it causes dissociative symptoms, such as astral withdrawal. PCP and ketamine were widely abused by young people in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s and were regulated as drugs of abuse. However, in 2000, a research group at Yale University in the United States was the first to scientifically report the immediate and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The initial study that demonstrated the antidepressant effects of ketamine was conducted with only seven subjects. The study involved 2 days of intravenous treatment with ketamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg) or saline under randomized, double-blind conditions. The results indicated that only the group that received ketamine showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms at 72 h.1 Subsequently, several clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated its antidepressant effects, and nasal drops of the optical isomer of ketamine, esketamine, have been approved for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in the United States and Europe. Psilocybin, the hallucinogenic compound found in magic mushrooms, has been utilized in shamanistic ceremonies and other rituals throughout Asia and Latin America for centuries. Recently, clinical studies have demonstrated that psilocybin has the potential to improve depressive symptoms in patients with TRD. A Phase II double-blind, randomized, controlled trial compared psilocybin to escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, over a period of 6 weeks in patients with moderate to severe MDD.2 The study enrolled a total of 59 patients, and both groups experienced a decrease in depression scores on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report at Week 6, indicating no significant difference in antidepressant efficacy between the two groups. However, it is worth noting that psilocybin was observed to improve depressive symptoms within hours and persist for several months, suggesting a faster onset and longer duration compared to conventional SSRIs. Similarly, ayahuasca, which is also used in shamanic rituals in Latin America and has been discussed in this review, exhibits similar antidepressant effects. The recent paper by Ruffell et al. provides an in-depth description of the antipsychotic effects and physiological content that are currently known and should be referenced.3 Hallucinogens have traditionally been used for witchcraft or religious rituals since ancient times. Since the 1960s, however, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has been synthesized and its abuse and dependence have become major social problems. In many countries its possession and use are now prohibited by law. In recent years, however, the clinical utility of hallucinogens has received renewed attention, leading to a “psychedelic renaissance.” Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on PTSD and recent research demonstrates potential for addressing other psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety disorders. Currently, there are reports on the effectiveness of various psychedelics for treating mental illnesses. However, it is important to note that these substances have been regulated by law for many years, even decades. The reports on effectiveness are based on small-scale experiments and have not yet been included in treatment guidelines for mental disorders. Psychedelics not only have direct side-effects, such as liver dysfunction, but they also increase suggestibility. There have been reports of sexual assault in some cases, and problems of abuse and dependence due to inappropriate use. It is important to avoid over-reporting effects in situations where neutrality is not guaranteed from a commercialist perspective, and to be aware of the dangers involved. To establish the safety and efficacy of hallucinogens as a treatment for mental illness, it is necessary to conduct neutral, scientific, large-scale clinical and basic research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.", "journal": "Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports", "publication_date": "2024-05-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1002/pcn5.196", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.196", "keywords": "The Renaissance, Hallucinogen, Focus (optics), Psilocybin, Psychology, Art, Art history, Psychiatry, Optics, Physics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4397013596\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4397013596\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387264560\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103168343\",\"display_name\":\"Shunichiro Ikeda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-9897\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058118992\",\"display_name\":\"Toshihiko Kinoshita\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-9753\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210234876\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.196\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4397013596" }, { "id": 4626, "title": "The Classical Psychedelic Psilocybin Mitigates Oxycodone Withdrawal", "normalized_title": "the classical psychedelic psilocybin mitigates oxycodone withdrawal", "authors": "M. Imad Damaj, Javier González-Maeso, Belle Buzzi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2024-05-12", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1124/jpet.320.935210", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.320.935210", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Oxycodone, Opioid, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Medicine, Morphine, Anesthesia, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396849919\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396849919\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046057567\",\"display_name\":\"M. Imad Damaj\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605633\",\"display_name\":\"Belle Buzzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-7377\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.320.935210\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396849919" }, { "id": 4625, "title": "Psilocybin-induced anxiolytic effects supported by transient elevation of corticosterone", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced anxiolytic effects supported by transient elevation of corticosterone", "authors": "N. Jones, John A. Razidlo, Zarmeen Zahid, Cody J. Wenthur", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2024-05-12", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1124/jpet.337.128335", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.337.128335", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Corticosterone, Anxiolytic, Pharmacology, Antagonist, Agonist, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Chemistry, Medicine, Receptor, Hormone, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396849828\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396849828\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086005105\",\"display_name\":\"N. Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-6212\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057449473\",\"display_name\":\"John A. Razidlo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-2253\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062926830\",\"display_name\":\"Zarmeen Zahid\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-3409\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077505426\",\"display_name\":\"Cody J. Wenthur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-3842\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.337.128335\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396849828" }, { "id": 3534, "title": "An Open-Label Investigation of the Effects of Sub-Perceptual Repeat Dosing of Psilocybin on the Behavioural and Cognitive Symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome in Adult Patients", "normalized_title": "an open label investigation of the effects of sub perceptual repeat dosing of psilocybin on the behavioural and cognitive symptoms of fragile x syndrome in adult patients", "authors": "Nova Mentis Life Science Corp", "abstract": "Diverse symptomatology makes Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) difficult to treat, and currently there are no approved prevention or treatment methods for FXS. Current therapies, including pharmaceutical and behavioural interventions, offer a patchwork of solutions that have limited efficacy and high toxicity. The current study aims to examine psilocybin as a safe treatment alternative with the ability to improve markers of cognition, communication, mood, behavior as well as markers of neuroinflammation, serotonin levels in exosomes, and neuroplasticity at sub-hallucinogenic doses (microdosing). The overall objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of low-dose psilocybin as a therapeutic option for individuals living with FXS and to improve diagnostic parameters of FXS, as well as therapeutic responses with the use of biomarkers. A total of 10 subjects who meet all the inclusion criteria and does not meet any of the exclusion criteria will be enrolled into the study. Any subjects prematurely terminated from the study will be replaced to ensure 10 subjects complete the study. A study coordinator will contact referring clinicians, caregivers, and subjects to pre-screen for initial eligibility. Those deemed eligible will be invited for an in-person screening along with the participating caregiver. The screening visit will be approximately two hours long and will consist of informed consent, diagnostic interview, physical examination, drugs of abuse test (DOA), ECG, medical/treatment history review, and demographic forms. A pregnancy test will be performed on females of child-bearing during screening, baseline, and end-of-study visits. All eligible subjects will enter the treatment arm of the study. Subjects and caregivers will return to the clinic for a baseline visit within three weeks of their screening completion. Baseline visit will include saliva/buccal swab collection, and clinician and self-report assessments for subjects and caregivers. These assessments will include the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Third Edition (VABS-3), Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I), Visual Analog Scale-Treatment Satisfaction (VAS-TS), the Anxiety, Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS), and the Systematic Assessment For Treatment Emergent Events (SAFTEE). Digital assessments may also be performed at the baseline visit or at home at the discretion of the qualified investigator. Digital assessments will include the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery Modified for Intellectual Disabilities (NIH-TCB), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). The study drug will be dispensed in blister packs to monitor adherence and improve subject compliance. Blister packs will be prepared and distributed at each subsequent visit. Subjects will return to the clinic for study visits on day 8, 15, 22, and 28 (study end date). Subjects and caregivers will complete the assessments described above. Subjects will provide additional saliva/buccal swab samples at day 15 and day 28.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-05-07", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05832255", "keywords": "Fragile X Syndrome, Behavior, Cognitive Dysfunction, Psilocybin, 1.5 mg, SUSPENDED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05832255\",\"overall_status\":\"SUSPENDED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Microdosing,Review Article,Healthcare Workers,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1115, "title": "Structural pharmacology and therapeutic potential of 5-methoxytryptamines.", "normalized_title": "structural pharmacology and therapeutic potential of 5 methoxytryptamines", "authors": "Warren AL, Lankri D, Cunningham MJ, Serrano IC, Parise LF, Kruegel AC, Duggan P, Zilberg G, Capper MJ, Havel V, Russo SJ, Sames D, Wacker D.", "abstract": "Psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin show potential for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. These compounds are thought to mediate their hallucinogenic and therapeutic effects through the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) receptor 5-HT2A (ref. 4). However, 5-HT1A also plays a part in the behavioural effects of tryptamine hallucinogens5, particularly 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), a psychedelic found in the toxin of Colorado River toads6. Although 5-HT1A is a validated therapeutic target7,8, little is known about how psychedelics engage 5-HT1A and which effects are mediated by this receptor. Here we map the molecular underpinnings of 5-MeO-DMT pharmacology through five cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of 5-HT1A, systematic medicinal chemistry, receptor mutagenesis and mouse behaviour. Structure-activity relationship analyses of 5-methoxytryptamines at both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A enable the characterization of molecular determinants of 5-HT1A signalling potency, efficacy and selectivity. Moreover, we contrast the structural interactions and in vitro pharmacology of 5-MeO-DMT and analogues to the pan-serotonergic agonist LSD and clinically used 5-HT1A agonists. We show that a 5-HT1A-selective 5-MeO-DMT analogue is devoid of hallucinogenic-like effects while retaining anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like activity in socially defeated animals. Our studies uncover molecular aspects of 5-HT1A-targeted psychedelics and therapeutics, which may facilitate the future development of new medications for neuropsychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-05-07", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-024-07403-2", "pubmed_id": "38720072", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07403-2", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Mice, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, 5-Methoxytryptamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Structure-Activity Relationship, Models, Molecular, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38720072\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3129, "title": "Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction: importance of dose, context, and serotonin receptors", "normalized_title": "psilocybin facilitates fear extinction importance of dose context and serotonin receptors", "authors": "Woodburn SC, Levitt CM, Koester AM, Kwan AC.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significance because a standard treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prolonged exposure therapy. However, few studies have investigated psilocybin’s potential effect in fear learning paradigms. More specifically, the extents to which dose, timing of administration, and serotonin receptors may influence psilocybin’s effect on fear extinction are not understood. In this study, we used an auditory delay fear conditioning paradigm to determine the effects of psilocybin on fear extinction, extinction retention, and fear renewal in male and female mice. Psilocybin robustly enhances fear extinction when given acutely prior to testing for all doses tested. Psilocybin exerts long-term effects to elevate extinction retention and suppress fear renewal in a novel context, though these changes were sensitive to dose. Administration of psilocybin prior to fear learning or immediately after extinction yielded no change in behavior, indicating that concurrent extinction experience is necessary for the drug’s effects. Co-treatment with a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist blocked psilocybin’s effects for extinction, extinction retention and fear renewal, whereas 5-HT1A receptor antagonism attenuated only the effect on fear renewal. Collectively, these results highlight dose, context, and serotonin receptors as crucial factors in psilocybin’s ability to facilitate fear extinction. The study provides preclinical evidence to support investigating psilocybin as a pharmacological adjunct for extinction-based therapy for PTSD.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-05-05", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.05.04.592469", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.04.592469", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR848036\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 966, "title": "Psilocybin reduces alcohol self-administration via selective left nucleus accumbens activation in rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces alcohol self administration via selective left nucleus accumbens activation in rats", "authors": "Jérôme Jeanblanc, Romain Bordy, Grégory Fouquet, Virginie Jeanblanc, Mickaël Naassïla", "abstract": "The use of psilocybin to treat alcohol use disorder is very promising, but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We combined behavioural, pharmacological and gene expression analyses to decipher the mechanisms of action of psilocybin, for the first time, when injected into the brain. Male Long Evans rats underwent chronic operant ethanol self-administration before testing the effect of intraperitoneal psilocybin or directly within the nucleus accumbens core or the ventral tegmental area. Transcripts from the dopaminergic system were quantified in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Psilocybin significantly reduced (by 50%) ethanol self-administration when injected 4 h before the session either intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) or directly within the left nucleus accumbens (0.15 μg) but not the right nucleus accumbens or the left ventral tegmental area. The effect of intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin was prevented by intra-left nucleus accumbens injection of 0.3 μg of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin. In rats that self-administered ethanol but not in those self-administering saccharin, dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) mRNA was increased in both the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex by psilocybin, while dopamine D1 receptor mRNA was increased only in the prefrontal cortex. As in humans, psilocybin reduced ethanol self-administration in rats through the 5-HT2A receptor within the left nucleus accumbens, possibly through increased D2R expression. Our results open unexpected perspectives regarding the hemispheric lateralization of psychedelic effects.", "journal": "Brain", "publication_date": "2024-05-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1093/brain/awae136", "pubmed_id": "38703387", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae136", "keywords": "Nucleus accumbens, Psilocybin, Self-administration, Alcohol, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Dopamine, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396646618\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396646618\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1546116904\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997065612\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998966506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012288802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015641096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019358247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034592530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065619226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068055029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129239485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134256090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141536473\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151742475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400755806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617253378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889517514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957937196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971086441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972144997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132130376\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211232046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220804493\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294308393\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316363565\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378084778\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390629750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393342301\",\"https://openalex.org/W4393869265\",\"https://openalex.org/W6713005746\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077418201\",\"display_name\":\"Jérôme Jeanblanc\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-2777\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004130111\",\"display_name\":\"Romain Bordy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-688X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031892461\",\"display_name\":\"Grégory Fouquet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0790-1197\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022372535\",\"display_name\":\"Virginie Jeanblanc\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083298408\",\"display_name\":\"Mickaël Naassïla\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0918\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S118357697\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae136\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396646618" }, { "id": 4630, "title": "Brain Connectivity Pattern Changes Associated With Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy", "normalized_title": "brain connectivity pattern changes associated with psychedelic assisted psychotherapy", "authors": "Prince Patel, Samrat Gollapudi, Brian Joseph Mathew, Bhaumik B. Patel", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has shown promising therapeutic benefits for various psychiatric disorders, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psychedelics on brain connectivity patterns using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords related to psychedelics, connectivity, therapy, and fMRI. Only studies involving major psychedelic compounds (LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca) and measuring outcomes via fMRI were included. The findings from the reviewed studies suggest that psychedelics induce acute disruptions in normal large-scale brain network patterns, leading to a compromised modular but enhanced global connectivity, referred to as network \"disintegration\" and \"desegregation.\" This \"internal\" brain state correlates with aspects of the psychedelic experience, such as ego dissolution. Post-acute effects, one day after psilocybin treatment, revealed changes in cerebral blood flow and resting-state functional connectivity compared to baseline, including increased default mode network (DMN) integrity and functional connectivity within the DMN. The proposed therapeutic mechanisms of PAP involve the synergistic combination of the psychedelic substance and the accompanying psychotherapy. Further research is warranted to delineate the specific brain connectivity changes associated with different psychedelic compounds and their relationship to therapeutic outcomes in various psychiatric conditions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-05-01", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.179_2024", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.179_2024", "keywords": "Psychology, Psychotherapist, Computer science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401323570\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401323570\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111282693\",\"display_name\":\"Prince Patel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106318144\",\"display_name\":\"Samrat Gollapudi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106318145\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Joseph Mathew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020988215\",\"display_name\":\"Bhaumik B. Patel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-4004\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.179_2024\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401323570" }, { "id": 1103, "title": "At the Forefront: Social Workers’ Role in Psilocybin Treatment for Depression and Substance Misuse", "normalized_title": "at the forefront social workers role in psilocybin treatment for depression and substance misuse", "authors": "Claire Parker, Bethany Wood", "abstract": "This article underscores the critical role of social workers in harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Contemporary treatments for MDD often have side effects, and the success rate for SUD treatments remains low. The pervasiveness of MDD, combined with the challenges in treating SUD, highlights a need for innovative treatments. This article provides an overview of the resurgence of literature over the past two decades that illuminates the therapeutic promise of psilocybin for mental health treatment; clinical trials elucidate the efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy in mitigating MDD and demonstrate great promise in reducing SUD symptoms. The long-lasting posttreatment effect emphasizes its potential as a novel treatment modality. Furthermore, psilocybin's recognition as a \"breakthrough therapy\" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the accelerating pace of psychedelic reform bills indicate growing acceptance and interest in its therapeutic capacities. Psilocybin-assisted therapy emerges as a potent treatment option, showcasing remarkable effectiveness even after a single dose. Recommendations and pathways for social workers to be involved in psilocybin-assisted therapy investigation, advocacy, and implementation are provided.", "journal": "Social Work", "publication_date": "2024-05-01", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1093/sw/swae019", "pubmed_id": "38697188", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swae019", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Major depressive disorder, Psychology, Substance abuse, Medicine, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396599639\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396599639\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1573741172\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981417884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998744330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039056175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079676659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093994427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136772960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162097818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2509970222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515306146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589250705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792053282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009264042\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108218550\",\"https://openalex.org/W3167074068\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210332402\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310940483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385706490\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386638047\",\"https://openalex.org/W6808219749\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081534232\",\"display_name\":\"Claire Parker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-7046\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031958491\",\"display_name\":\"Bethany Wood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-0508\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S961603\",\"source_display_name\":\"Social Work\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swae019\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396599639" }, { "id": 4633, "title": "From Venerable Cultural Practices to Modern Psychological Solutions: Enter Entheogens into Mainstream Medicine", "normalized_title": "from venerable cultural practices to modern psychological solutions enter entheogens into mainstream medicine", "authors": "Nicholas A Kerna, Kevin D. Pruitt, N.D. Victor Carsrud, Kyle Kadivi, Dabeluchi C. Ngwu, Hilary M. Holets, John V. Flores, Ijeoma Nnake, Cornelius I. Azi, Joseph Anderson, Fatimah A. Olunlade, Uzoamaka Nwokorie", "abstract": "Entheogens, a class of psychoactive substances with profound cultural and religious significance, have been utilized for centuries across diverse traditions for healing, spiritual exploration, and communication with the divine. Their historical usage spans continents, from the pre-Columbian Americas to traditional African practices and Ayurvedic medicine in India. While entheogens offer potential therapeutic benefits, their use entails inherent risks, including physiological and psychological adverse effects. Recent research has increasingly focused on elucidating the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of entheogens such as psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ayahuasca, ibogaine, and Salvia divinorum. These substances exhibit diverse pharmacological profiles, acting primarily on serotonin receptors and other neurotransmitter systems, resulting in alterations in perception, mood, and cognition. Clinical studies have demonstrated promising results for entheogens in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, addiction, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and, to a lesser extent, pain management and cluster headaches. However, regulatory constraints, limited participant numbers, and ethical considerations hinder comprehensive research. Safety considerations are paramount in administering entheogens, necessitating proper dosing, individual risk assessment, supportive set and setting, and medical supervision. Adherence to rigorous clinical trial standards and transparent methodologies is essential for advancing research and harnessing the therapeutic potential of entheogens. Despite obstacles, continued investigation into entheogens is imperative for unlocking their therapeutic potential and developing safe and effective mental health treatments. Key research avenues include elucidating mechanisms of action, standardizing administration protocols, determining optimal dosages, and assessing long-term effects and associated risks. While cannabis is commonly recognized as an entheogen, it was not encompassed in this review. The authors omitted it due to its unique status, ongoing discourse, and the need for a separate dedicated analysis.", "journal": "European Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences", "publication_date": "2024-04-30", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(3).10", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(3).10", "keywords": "The Venerable, Mainstream, Psychology, History, Classics, Political science, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399259513\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4399259513\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W147934093\",\"https://openalex.org/W1767497282\",\"https://openalex.org/W1872197089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997276151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027476620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093994427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098915861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103721605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181040265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2191859062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2292804940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2476915790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529317421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739110661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800419754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885412565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895828174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897360754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990240756\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025972109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036818929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094461574\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128937289\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133542189\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149986569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166811306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204171992\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210332402\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214857406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239756250\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280638934\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289316208\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295190209\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307945172\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4328125144\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377940122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385568648\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388447297\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388732468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389053603\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391879161\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392369508\",\"https://openalex.org/W6726434405\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088450386\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas A Kerna\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-2684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093946772\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin D. Pruitt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026465328\",\"display_name\":\"N.D. Victor Carsrud\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2555-3061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021785546\",\"display_name\":\"Kyle Kadivi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9087-9513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093946771\",\"display_name\":\"Dabeluchi C. Ngwu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-9198\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079618215\",\"display_name\":\"Hilary M. Holets\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045346416\",\"display_name\":\"John V. Flores\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9548-0370\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5098973282\",\"display_name\":\"Ijeoma Nnake\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093946773\",\"display_name\":\"Cornelius I. Azi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4529-2534\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113236587\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Anderson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095957154\",\"display_name\":\"Fatimah A. Olunlade\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0945-293X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025967404\",\"display_name\":\"Uzoamaka Nwokorie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3438-8460\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5407046097\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(3).10\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399259513" }, { "id": 1067, "title": "Content analysis of Reddit posts about coadministration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psilocybin mushrooms", "normalized_title": "content analysis of reddit posts about coadministration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psilocybin mushrooms", "authors": "Kimberly Sakai, Ellen Bradley, Joseph A. Zamaria, Gabrielle Agin-Liebes, D. Parker Kelley, Alexander Fish, Valeria Martini, Michelle C. Ferris, Emma Morton, Erin E. Michalak, Aoife O’Donovan, Joshua Woolley", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-04-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-024-06585-x", "pubmed_id": "38687360", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06585-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Pharmacology, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Fluoxetine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Sakai\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023606467\",\"display_name\":\"Ellen Bradley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-1490\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085330633\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph A. Zamaria\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041698353\",\"display_name\":\"Gabrielle Agin-Liebes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-229X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042491914\",\"display_name\":\"D. Parker Kelley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-2704\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111185517\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Fish\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111185518\",\"display_name\":\"Valeria Martini\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095950490\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle C. Ferris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048752706\",\"display_name\":\"Emma Morton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-1983\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006308151\",\"display_name\":\"Erin E. Michalak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-6527\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101509105\",\"display_name\":\"Aoife O’Donovan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-7217\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101826991\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua Woolley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-2093\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06585-x\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396518351" }, { "id": 1158, "title": "In vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin’s active metabolite psilocin", "normalized_title": "in vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin s active metabolite psilocin", "authors": "Jan Thomann, Karolina E. Kolaczynska, Oliver V Stoeckmann, Deborah Rudin, Patrick Vizeli, Marius C. Hoener, Christopher R. Pryce, Franz X. Vollenweider, Matthias E. Liechti, Urs Duthaler", "abstract": "In vivo, psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to psilocin which induces psychedelic effects by interacting with the 5-HT2A receptor. Psilocin primarily undergoes glucuronidation or conversion to 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA). Herein, we investigated psilocybin’s metabolic pathways in vitro and in vivo, conducting a thorough analysis of the enzymes involved. Metabolism studies were performed using human liver microsomes (HLM), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). In vivo, metabolism was examined using male C57BL/6J mice and human plasma samples. Approximately 29% of psilocin was metabolized by HLM, while recombinant CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes metabolized nearly 100% and 40% of psilocin, respectively. Notably, 4-HIAA and 4-hydroxytryptophol (4-HTP) were detected with HLM but not with recombinant CYPs. MAO-A transformed psilocin into minimal amounts of 4-HIAA and 4-HTP. 4-HTP was only present in vitro. Neither 4-HIAA nor 4-HTP showed relevant interactions at assessed 5-HT receptors. In contrast to in vivo data, UGT1A10 did not extensively metabolize psilocin in vitro. Furthermore, two putative metabolites were observed. N -methyl-4-hydroxytryptamine (norpsilocin) was identified in vitro (CYP2D6) and in mice, while an oxidized metabolite was detected in vitro (CYP2D6) and in humans. However, the CYP2D6 genotype did not influence psilocin plasma concentrations in the investigated study population. In conclusion, MAO-A, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 are involved in psilocin’s metabolism. The discovery of putative norpsilocin in mice and oxidized psilocin in humans further unravels psilocin’s metabolism. Despite limitations in replicating phase II metabolism in vitro, these findings hold significance for studying drug-drug interactions and advancing research on psilocybin as a therapeutic agent.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-04-28", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689", "pubmed_id": "38741590", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689", "keywords": "Metabolite, Glucuronidation, Cytochrome P450, In vivo, Psilocybin, Biochemistry, Metabolism, In vitro, CYP3A4, Chemistry, CYP2D6, Drug metabolism, Microsome, Biology, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396224564\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":52,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W135677869\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972924963\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976195943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981491788\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993617813\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021635654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060869897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093658818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104058573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130973111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161620765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407151076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410411229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411998515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573513868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2734417270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788524689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2936948587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981329862\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095776327\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165686539\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211114943\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308925280\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377940122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388232073\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392615014\",\"https://openalex.org/W6713506532\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063838454\",\"display_name\":\"Jan Thomann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-2671\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055068028\",\"display_name\":\"Karolina E. Kolaczynska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-0758\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090410409\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver V Stoeckmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013388478\",\"display_name\":\"Deborah Rudin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-9732\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023301996\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick Vizeli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-4446\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039060911\",\"display_name\":\"Marius C. Hoener\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-6250\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011601366\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher R. Pryce\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-4690\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024133720\",\"display_name\":\"Urs Duthaler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-3932\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396224564" }, { "id": 1144, "title": "Psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin promotes neuroplasticity and induces rapid and sustained antidepressant like effects in mice", "authors": "Xiangting Zhao, Yingjie Du, Yishan Yao, Wei Dai, Yong-Yu Yin, Guyan Wang, Yunfeng Li, Liming Zhang", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin offers new hope for treating mood disorders due to its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, as standard medications require weeks or months to exert their effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of psilocybin have not been identified. AIMS: To investigate whether psilocybin has rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice and investigate whether its potential mechanisms of action are related to promoted neuroplasticity. METHODS: We first examined the antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin in normal mice by the forced swimming test and in chronic corticosterone (CORT)-exposed mice by the sucrose preference test and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Furthermore, to explore the role of neuroplasticity in mediating the antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin, we measured structural neuroplasticity and neuroplasticity-associated protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. RESULTS: We observed that a single dose of psilocybin had rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in both healthy mice and chronic CORT-exposed mice. Moreover, psilocybin ameliorated chronic CORT exposure-induced inhibition of neuroplasticity in the PFC and hippocampus, including by increasing neuroplasticity (total number of dendritic branches and dendritic spine density), synaptic protein (p-GluA1, PSD95 and synapsin-1) levels, BDNF-mTOR signalling pathway activation (BDNF, TrkB and mTOR levels), and promoting neurogenesis (number of DCX-positive cells). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that psilocybin elicits robust, rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects which is accompanied by the promotion of neuroplasticity in the PFC and hippocampus.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-04-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/02698811241249436", "pubmed_id": "38680011", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241249436", "keywords": "Neuroplasticity, Antidepressant, Psilocybin, Behavioural despair test, Synapsin I, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex, Synaptic plasticity, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Receptor, Cognition, Membrane, Synaptic vesicle, Biochemistry, Vesicle, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4396229906\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":53,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W254805310\",\"https://openalex.org/W1962252580\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992784372\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996166611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160383565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291443053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297945963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2307268137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346390990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768441369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769155717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771639970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781361999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810237733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923276583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999478951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001091588\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128522568\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175771699\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3189196458\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195443470\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206759226\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211263234\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236357753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283171136\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146113\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311043198\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389003465\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058242531\",\"display_name\":\"Xiangting Zhao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102798402\",\"display_name\":\"Yingjie Du\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4484-5024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043861769\",\"display_name\":\"Yishan Yao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-1688\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038067157\",\"display_name\":\"Wei Dai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-0159\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102648206\",\"display_name\":\"Yong-Yu Yin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-5543\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088725738\",\"display_name\":\"Guyan Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-5472\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100326031\",\"display_name\":\"Yunfeng Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-8074\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101545617\",\"display_name\":\"Liming Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-8985\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241249436\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4396229906" }, { "id": 1013, "title": "Psilocybin restrains activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms", "normalized_title": "psilocybin restrains activity based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility contributions from 5 ht1a and 5 ht2a receptor mechanisms", "authors": "Kyna-Anne Conn, Laura K Milton, Kaixin Huang, Hermany Munguba, Janika Ruuska, M. B. Lemus, Erin Greaves, Jihane Homman-Ludiye, Brian J. Oldfield, Claire J. Foldi", "abstract": "Psilocybin has shown promise for alleviating symptoms of depression and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN), a condition that is characterised by persistent cognitive inflexibility. Considering that enhanced cognitive flexibility after psilocybin treatment is reported to occur in individuals with depression, it is plausible that psilocybin could improve symptoms of AN by breaking down cognitive inflexibility. A mechanistic understanding of the actions of psilocybin is required to tailor the clinical application of psilocybin to individuals most likely to respond with positive outcomes. This can only be achieved using incisive neurobiological approaches in animal models. Here, we use the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model and comprehensively assess aspects of reinforcement learning to show that psilocybin (post-acutely) improves body weight maintenance in female rats and facilitates cognitive flexibility, specifically via improved adaptation to the initial reversal of reward contingencies. Further, we reveal the involvement of signalling through the serotonin (5-HT) 1 A and 5-HT2A receptor subtypes in specific aspects of learning, demonstrating that 5-HT1A antagonism negates the cognitive enhancing effects of psilocybin. Moreover, we show that psilocybin elicits a transient increase and decrease in cortical transcription of these receptors (Htr2a and Htr1a, respectively), and a further reduction in the abundance of Htr2a transcripts in rats exposed to the ABA model. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that psilocybin could ameliorate cognitive inflexibility in the context of AN and highlight a need to better understand the therapeutic mechanisms independent of 5-HT2A receptor binding.", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-04-26", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-024-02575-9", "pubmed_id": "38678087", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02575-9", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Cognitive flexibility, Psychology, Cognition, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Flexibility (engineering), Context (archaeology), Clinical psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Biology, Statistics, Mathematics, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Conn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-7885\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010010872\",\"display_name\":\"Laura K Milton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1664-8337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061059143\",\"display_name\":\"Kaixin Huang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-7947\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044072275\",\"display_name\":\"Hermany Munguba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-8423\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082990162\",\"display_name\":\"Janika Ruuska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3978-2033\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109664606\",\"display_name\":\"M. B. Lemus\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045433632\",\"display_name\":\"Erin Greaves\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-5851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039407232\",\"display_name\":\"Jihane Homman-Ludiye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-1457\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041876284\",\"display_name\":\"Brian J. Oldfield\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-6589\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003584852\",\"display_name\":\"Claire J. Foldi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-8242\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02575-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4395688958" }, { "id": 1161, "title": "The ‘PSILAUT’ protocol: an experimental medicine study of autistic differences in the function of brain serotonin targets of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "the psilaut protocol an experimental medicine study of autistic differences in the function of brain serotonin targets of psilocybin", "authors": "Tobias P. Whelan, Eileen Daly, Nicolaas A.J. Puts, Paula Smith, Carrie Allison, Simon Baron-Cohen, Ekaterina Malievskaia, Declan Murphy, Gráinne McAlonan", "abstract": "Abstract Background The underlying neurobiology of the complex autism phenotype remains obscure, although accumulating evidence implicates the serotonin system and especially the 5HT 2A receptor. However, previous research has largely relied upon association or correlation studies to link differences in serotonin targets to autism. To directly establish that serotonergic signalling is involved in a candidate brain function our approach is to change it and observe a shift in that function. We will use psilocybin as a pharmacological probe of the serotonin system in vivo. We will directly test the hypothesis that serotonergic targets of psilocybin - principally, but not exclusively, 5HT 2A receptor pathways-function differently in autistic and non-autistic adults. Methods The ‘PSILAUT’ “shiftability” study is a case-control study autistic and non-autistic adults. How neural responses ‘shift’ in response to low doses (2 mg and 5 mg) of psilocybin compared to placebo will be examined using multimodal techniques including functional MRI and EEG. Each participant will attend on up to three separate visits with drug or placebo administration in a double-blind and randomized order. Results This study will provide the first direct evidence that the serotonin targets of psilocybin function differently in the autistic and non-autistic brain. We will also examine individual differences in serotonin system function. Conclusions This work will inform our understanding of the neurobiology of autism as well as decisions about future clinical trials of psilocybin and/or related compounds including stratification approaches. Trial registration NCT05651126.", "journal": "BMC Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2024-04-24", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1186/s12888-024-05768-2", "pubmed_id": "38658877", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05768-2", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Brain function, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Autism, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4395462414\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4395462414\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1937584142\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980309199\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000945505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013293748\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035017299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039430858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047558255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052287752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063272101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104049715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104220482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105884882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106233797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107939870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116795013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118492070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128639372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134822928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142648296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143385359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166856551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167109095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167154648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2175115710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2338365977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418711796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596633716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606031557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617984397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2673693764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2730632269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774583282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2775647200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910119172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912136564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912974605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917083620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923100148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927650891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953662225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990066922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996549067\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010608265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015902292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022341008\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122693937\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123709594\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136090087\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175962986\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180355975\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204735568\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205105949\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225257190\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280563911\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281687410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292264383\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294333904\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296483653\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300960088\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307476003\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308394105\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387741446\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390110323\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391652976\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062387012\",\"display_name\":\"Tobias P. Whelan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9497-5961\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064639047\",\"display_name\":\"Eileen Daly\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-3467\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075585675\",\"display_name\":\"Nicolaas A.J. Puts\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-1927\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103026687\",\"display_name\":\"Paula Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-0294\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065264141\",\"display_name\":\"Carrie Allison\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-2090\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039112406\",\"display_name\":\"Simon Baron-Cohen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021278348\",\"display_name\":\"Ekaterina Malievskaia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044519122\",\"display_name\":\"Declan Murphy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053930432\",\"display_name\":\"Gráinne McAlonan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-2343\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S94610253\",\"source_display_name\":\"BMC Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05768-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4395462414" }, { "id": 4638, "title": "MedCheck: Psilocybin for Depression, LSD for Anxiety, Donanemab, LSD, and More", "normalized_title": "medcheck psilocybin for depression lsd for anxiety donanemab lsd and more", "authors": "Terri D’Arrigo", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Med CheckFull AccessMedCheck: Psilocybin for Depression, LSD for Anxiety, Donanemab, LSD, and MoreTerri D'ArrigoTerri D'ArrigoPublished Online:23 Apr 2024https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2024.05.5.1Vanda Gets Yes for Iloperidone for Bipolar, No for InsomniaVanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced in April that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the antipsychotic Fanapt (iloperidone) for the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. Iloperidone has been approved for the acute treatment of schizophrenia since 2009.The approval was based on a phase 3 clinical trial of 414 adults with a history of bipolar I disorder. After four weeks of treatment, patients treated with iloperidone exhibited a 14-point drop on the Young Mania Rating Scale, compared with a 10-point drop among patients taking placebo. A statistically significant difference in mania improvement between iloperidone and placebo was evident after two weeks.The success of iloperidone offsets the decision that Vanda received in March, when the FDA rejected its melatonin receptor-blocking drug Hetlioz (tasimelteon) as a treatment for insomnia. The agency stated that it \"identified deficiencies that precluded discussion of labeling and postmarketing requirements/commitments.\"Psilocybin Analog Gets Breakthrough Designation From FDAIn March, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to the psilocybin analog CYB003 for the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), Cybin announced. The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy designation expedites the development and review of drugs for serious conditions. The criteria for Breakthrough Therapy designation require preliminary clinical evidence that indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over available therapy on at least one clinically significant endpoint.The Breakthrough Designation was based on data from a phase 2 trial that compared CYB003 and placebo in 34 patients with moderate to severe MDD. Patients in the trial who received two doses of either 12 mg or 16 mg of CYB003 experienced an average 22-point reduction from baseline on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after four months. Sixty percent of patients who received 12 mg and 75% of those who received 16 mg were in remission (MADRS score of less than or equal to 10) after four months.There were no drug-related serious adverse events, incidents of suicidal ideation or behavior, or discontinuations due to adverse events.Form of LSD Granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for AnxietyThe FDA also gave Breakthrough Therapy designation to another psychedelic therapy in March, Mind Medicine Inc's MM120 (lysergide d-tartrate) for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. MM120 is a tartrate salt form of lysergide, more commonly known as LSD. The FDA granted the designation based on data from the phase 2 MMED008 study.The study included 194 patients who had severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder with an average baseline score of roughly 30 on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Patients were then randomized to receive treatment with 25, 50, 100, or 200 μg of MM120 or placebo. Those who received 100 µg had an average 21.3-point reduction in HAM-A score at week 4, compared with an average reduction of 13.7-point reduction in those who took placebo. Results were similar at week 12, suggesting this medication provides a durable response.Pimavanserin Fails Phase 3 Schizophrenia TrialPatients with schizophrenia who took Nuplazid (pimavanserin) in the phase 3 ADVANCE-2 trial did not experience a statistically significant improvement in their negative symptoms compared with patients who took placebo, Acadia Pharmaceuticals announced in March.In the 26-week trial, 454 adults with predominant negative symptoms of schizophrenia were randomized to receive either two 17 mg tablets of pimavanserin or placebo daily. At study's end, those who took pimavanserin experienced a mean reduction of 11.8 points from baseline on the Negative Symptom Assessment-16, compared with a mean reduction of 11.1 points among those in the placebo group.\"We are disappointed the trial did not meet its primary endpoint given the significant unmet need in patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia,\" said Steve Davis, J.D., Acadia's chief executive officer in the announcement. \"We will continue to analyze these data with our scientific advisors, but we do not intend to conduct any further clinical trials with pimavanserin.\"FDA Meeting Will Delay Decision on Donanemab For Early Alzheimer'sIn March Eli Lilly & Co. announced that the FDA's Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee will hold a meeting to discuss the Phase 3 TRAILBLAZER-ALZ2 trial on the efficacy and safety of donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. As Psychiatric News went to press, the FDA had not yet set a date for the meeting. Lilly had expected the FDA to approve donanemab in the first quarter of 2024, and this meeting will delay that decision.According to the statement by Lilly, the FDA wanted to further understand the safety results in donanemab-treated patients and how the unique trial design of the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ2 study might affect efficacy findings. The study required participants to have evidence of both amyloid and tau pathology and featured a limited-duration dosing regimen that allowed patients to complete treatment based on an assessment of amyloid plaque.The FDA had previously granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to donanemab based on the Phase 2 clinical trial TRAILBLAZER-ALZ. In that trial, patients who received donanemab experienced less cognitive and functional decline over the course of the trial, as measured by the change from baseline on the Integrated Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale.The FDA later declined to accept donanemab into the accelerated approval pathway. ■ ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2024-04-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2024.05.5.1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2024.05.5.1", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Depression (economics), Psychology, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Economics, Macroeconomics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4395032120\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4395032120\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"compound:cyb003\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056763663\",\"display_name\":\"Terri D’Arrigo\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2024.05.5.1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4395032120" }, { "id": 3366, "title": "The selective 5-HT2A receptor agonist LPH-5 induces persistent and robust antidepressant-like effects in rodents", "normalized_title": "the selective 5 ht2a receptor agonist lph 5 induces persistent and robust antidepressant like effects in rodents", "authors": "Jensen AA, Cecchi CR, Hibicke M, Bach AH, Kaadt E, Märcher-Rørsted E, Nichols CD, Elfving B, Kristensen JL.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has over the last decade emerged as a promising treatment strategy for mental health disease, and the therapeutic potential in classical psychedelics such as psilocybin, LSD and 5-MeO-DMT is presently being pursued in a plethora of clinical trials. However, the resurgent interest in the drugs as therapeutics has also prompted a search for novel agents with more specific pharmacological activities than the rather promiscuous classical psychedelics. Here we present the results of an elaborate preclinical characterization of one such compound, LPH-5 [( S )-3-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine]. LPH-5 was found to be a potent partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A R) and to exhibit pronounced selectivity for this receptor over the related 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors in a range of functional assays. LPH-5 (0.375 - 12.0 mg/kg, i.p. ) dose-dependently induced head-twitch responses (HTR) in Sprague Dawley rats, with substantial 5-HT2A R engagement being observed at 0.5-1.0 mg/kg. Acute administration of LPH-5 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced robust antidepressant-like effects in Flinders Sensitive Line rats and adrenocorticotropic hormone-treated Sprague Dawley rats, and LPH-5 (0.3 and 1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced significant effects in a recently developed Wistar Kyoto rat model proposed to reflect the long-term antidepressant-like effects produced by psychedelics in humans. In conclusion, selective 5-HT2A R activation, as mediated here by LPH- 5, seems to hold antidepressant potential, suggesting that this activity component is key for the beneficial effects of classical psychedelics. Hence, we propose that LPH-5 and other 5-HT2A R- selective agonists could hold potential as therapeutics in psychiatric disease as a new generation of psychedelic-derived antidepressant.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-04-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.04.19.590212", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.19.590212", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR841168\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3140, "title": "Psilocybin reduces functional connectivity and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reduces functional connectivity and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex", "authors": "Ivan V, Tomas-Cuesta D, Esteves I, Luczak A, Mohajerani M, McNaughton B, Gruber A.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs have profound effects on perception, cognition, and mood. How psychedelics affect neural signaling to produce these effects remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of the classic psychedelic psilocybin on neural activity patterns and spatial encoding in the retrosplenial cortex of head-fixed mice navigating on a treadmill. The place specificity of neurons to distinct locations along the belt was reduced by psilocybin. Moreover, the stability of place-related activity across trials decreased. Psilocybin also reduced the functional connectivity among simultaneously recorded neurons. The 5-HT2AR (serotonin 2A receptor) antagonist ketanserin blocked the majority of these effects. These data are consistent with proposals that psychedelics increase the entropy of neural signaling, and provide a potential neural mechanism contributing to disorientation frequently reported by humans after taking psychedelics.", "journal": "Authorea Preprints", "publication_date": "2024-04-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.22541/au.171378690.00112411/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.22541/au.171378690.00112411/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR841741\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Authorea Preprints\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1138, "title": "Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationships of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylpiperidines as Selective Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonists", "normalized_title": "discovery and structure activity relationships of 2 5 dimethoxyphenylpiperidines as selective serotonin 5 ht2a receptor agonists", "authors": "Emil Märcher-Rørsted, Anders A. Jensen, Gints Šmits, Karla Frydenvang, Jesper L. Kristensen", "abstract": "High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Classical psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are showing promising results in clinical trials for a range of psychiatric indications, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorder. These compounds are characterized by broad pharmacological activity profiles, and while the acute mind-altering effects can be ascribed to their shared agonist activity at the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A R), their apparent persistent therapeutic effects are yet to be decidedly linked to activity at this receptor. We report herein the discovery of 2,5-dimethoxyphenylpiperidines as a novel class of selective 5-HT2A R agonists and detail the structure-activity investigations leading to the identification of LPH-5 [analogue ( S )- 11 ] as a selective 5-HT2A R agonist with desirable drug-like properties.", "journal": "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry", "publication_date": "2024-04-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00082", "pubmed_id": "38648420", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00082", "keywords": "Chemistry, Serotonin, 5-HT receptor, Agonist, Structure-activity relationship, Receptor, Pharmacology, Serotonin Agonist, Stereochemistry, Biochemistry, In vitro, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394993604\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394993604\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1843147118\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983135802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997275629\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997943226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002641309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005405042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011312787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013163713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017103866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030215451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035726001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040049926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050911223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053761937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054446337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070274847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071242522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085050037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094387287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106184390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121610933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141528038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2174034699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2208758069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408463391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410035274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603680724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916651955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991188715\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003581149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013455635\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3186082984\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213145592\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367310158\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388049865\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389164252\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389793820\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082589193\",\"display_name\":\"Emil Märcher-Rørsted\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-6655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102872929\",\"display_name\":\"Anders A. Jensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-5052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054732069\",\"display_name\":\"Gints Šmits\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5044-4169\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005937010\",\"display_name\":\"Karla Frydenvang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-3478\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016691908\",\"display_name\":\"Jesper L. Kristensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-1267\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S162030435\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00082\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394993604" }, { "id": 1068, "title": "Visual hallucinations originating in the retinofugal pathway under clinical and psychedelic conditions.", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations originating in the retinofugal pathway under clinical and psychedelic conditions", "authors": "Tipado Z, Kuypers KPC, Sorger B, Ramaekers JG.", "abstract": "Psychedelics like LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) and psilocybin are known to modulate perceptual modalities due to the activation of mostly serotonin receptors in specific cortical (e.g., visual cortex) and subcortical (e.g., thalamus) regions of the brain. In the visual domain, these psychedelic modulations often result in peculiar disturbances of viewed objects and light and sometimes even in hallucinations of non-existent environments, objects, and creatures. Although the underlying processes are poorly understood, research conducted over the past twenty years on the subjective experience of psychedelics details theories that attempt to explain these perceptual alterations due to a disruption of communication between cortical and subcortical regions. However, rare medical conditions in the visual system like Charles Bonnet syndrome that cause perceptual distortions may shed new light on the additional importance of the retinofugal pathway in psychedelic subjective experiences. Interneurons in the retina called amacrine cells could be the first site of visual psychedelic modulation and aid in disrupting the hierarchical structure of how humans perceive visual information. This paper presents an understanding of how the retinofugal pathway communicates and modulates visual information in psychedelic and clinical conditions. Therefore, we elucidate a new theory of psychedelic modulation in the retinofugal pathway.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-04-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.04.011", "pubmed_id": "38648694", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.04.011", "keywords": "Visual Pathways, Animals, Humans, Hallucinations, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Charles Bonnet Syndrome", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38648694\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1165, "title": "Effects of psilocybin, psychedelic mushroom extract and 5-hydroxytryptophan on brain immediate early gene expression: Interaction with serotonergic receptor modulators", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin psychedelic mushroom extract and 5 hydroxytryptophan on brain immediate early gene expression interaction with serotonergic receptor modulators", "authors": "Elad Lerer, Alexander Botvinnik, Orr Shahar, Meitar Grad, Karin Blakolmer, Noam Shomron, Amit Lotan, Bernard Lerer, Tzuri Lifschytz", "abstract": "Background: Immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly activated and initiate diverse cellular processes including neuroplasticity. We report the effect of psilocybin (PSIL), PSIL-containing psychedelic mushroom extract (PME) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on expression of the IEGs, cfos, egr1, and egr2 in mouse somatosensory cortex (SSC). Methods: In our initial experiment, male C57Bl/6j mice were injected with PSIL4.4 mg/kg or 5-HTP200 mg/kg, alone or immediately preceded by serotonergic receptor modulators. IEG mRNA expression 1 hour later was determined by real time qPCR. In a replication study a group of mice treated with PME was added. Results: In our initial experiment, PSIL but not 5-HTP significantly increased expression of all three IEGs. No correlation was observed between the head twitch response (HTR) induced by PSIL and its effect on the IEGs. The serotonergic receptor modulators did not significantly alter PSIL-induced IEG expression, with the exception of the 5-HT2C antagonist (RS102221), which significantly enhanced PSIL-induced egr2 expression. 5-HTP did not affect IEG expression. In our replication experiment, PSIL and PME upregulated levels of egr1 and cfos while the upregulation of egr2 was not significant. Conclusions: We have shown that PSIL and PME but not 5-HTP (at a dose sufficient to induce HTR), induced a significant increase in cfos and egr1 expression in mouse SSC. Our findings suggest that egr1 and cfos expression may be associated with psychedelic effects.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-04-17", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2024.1391412", "pubmed_id": "38698823", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1391412", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Medicine, Neuroscience, Receptor, Biology, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394931126\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394931126\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069027411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168836105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2224527671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290466312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2349918789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595255406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2733751315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802172273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991333777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118717131\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308768859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315796240\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378647709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W4391970820\",\"https://openalex.org/W6684676018\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002885546\",\"display_name\":\"Elad Lerer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072298548\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Botvinnik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-7174\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079300304\",\"display_name\":\"Orr Shahar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078123258\",\"display_name\":\"Meitar Grad\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113568128\",\"display_name\":\"Karin Blakolmer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008264999\",\"display_name\":\"Noam Shomron\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9913-6124\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075151552\",\"display_name\":\"Amit Lotan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-0975\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112838788\",\"display_name\":\"Bernard Lerer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077356873\",\"display_name\":\"Tzuri Lifschytz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1391412\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394931126" }, { "id": 1166, "title": "Psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depression: results from an exploratory placebo-controlled trial", "normalized_title": "psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in psilocybin assisted therapy for major depression results from an exploratory placebo controlled trial", "authors": "Jordan Sloshower, Richard J. Zeifman, Jeffrey Guss, Robert Krause, Hamideh Safi-Aghdam, Surbhi Pathania, Brian Pittman, Deepak Cyril D’Souza", "abstract": "Several phase II studies have demonstrated that psilocybin-assisted therapy shows therapeutic potential across a spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the mechanisms underlying its often persisting beneficial effects remain unclear. Observational research suggests that improvements in psychological flexibility may mediate therapeutic effects. However, no psychedelic trials to date have substantiated this finding in a clinical sample. In an exploratory placebo-controlled, within-subject, fixed-order study, individuals with moderate to severe MDD were administered placebo (n = 19) followed by psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) (n = 15) 4 weeks later. Dosing sessions were embedded within a manualized psychotherapy that incorporated principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Depression severity, psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and values-congruent living were measured over a 16-weeks study period. Psychological flexibility, several facets of mindfulness, and values-congruent living significantly improved following psilocybin and were maintained through week 16. Additionally, improvements in psychological flexibility and experiential acceptance were strongly associated with reductions in depression severity following psilocybin. These findings support the theoretical premise of integrating psilocybin treatment with psychotherapeutic platforms that target psychological flexibility and add to emerging evidence that increasing psychological flexibility may be an important putative mechanism of change in psilocybin-assisted therapy for MDD and potentially, other mental health conditions.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-04-16", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-58318-x", "pubmed_id": "38632313", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58318-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mindfulness, Clinical psychology, Psychology, Flexibility (engineering), Placebo, Major depressive disorder, Acceptance and commitment therapy, Depression (economics), Experiential avoidance, Mechanism (biology), Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Mood, Intervention (counseling), Alternative medicine, Epistemology, Pathology, Economics, Philosophy, Macroeconomics, Mathematics, Statistics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394886406\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394886406\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":53,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1749626057\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966524739\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973885027\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009519330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091415950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141463901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165406796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2249212493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346040660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2395013989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2625353282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791765313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885455509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893135637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895645150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899976521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938570586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996702784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999489633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999812626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004759948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013642457\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090239575\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095167357\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193146023\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215602110\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216164364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220790925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220874144\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284665615\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284713495\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290631853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295997603\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367840575\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382776629\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387674199\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080146983\",\"display_name\":\"Jordan Sloshower\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-5931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000949886\",\"display_name\":\"Richard J. Zeifman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-4483\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026405762\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Guss\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063135046\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Krause\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-5781\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045156614\",\"display_name\":\"Hamideh Safi-Aghdam\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040839772\",\"display_name\":\"Surbhi Pathania\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056238262\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Pittman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-5604\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081806198\",\"display_name\":\"Deepak Cyril D’Souza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-1462\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58318-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Psychological Flexibility,Clinical Trial,Observational Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394886406" }, { "id": 4639, "title": "Mind the Psychedelic Hype: Characterizing the Risks and Benefits of Psychedelics for Depression", "normalized_title": "mind the psychedelic hype characterizing the risks and benefits of psychedelics for depression", "authors": "Daniel Meling, Rebecca Ehrenkranz, Sandeep M. Nayak, Helena Aicher, Xaver Funk, Michiel van Elk, Marianna Graziosi, Prisca R. Bauer, Milan Scheidegger, David B. Yaden", "abstract": "Rationale: Psychedelic research re-emerged from a period of suppression into the so-called psychedelic renaissance. In parallel, most media reporting has shifted from the overstatement of the risks of psychedelics to overly positive hype. As the empirical evidence is more equivocal than frequently portrayed, the conclusions about the effectiveness of psychedelics should be considered preliminary. Poor science communication about psychedelics’ therapeutic potential may lead potential participants or patients to feel misled and policy decisions to be misinformed. An evidence-informed characterization of their risks and benefits is needed. Objectives: This article assesses the state of psychedelic research for treating depression and the effect sizes of psychedelics on therapeutic outcomes, the risk of bias, and the prevalence of adverse effects. We review research on the risks and benefits of psychedelics and discuss how the following depression treatments have shown decreasing effect sizes over time: (1) cognitive behavioral therapy, (2) mindfulness interventions, (3) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and (4) ketamine. We speculate that a similar trend may occur for psychedelic treatments. Results and conclusions: It is likely that larger and better-controlled psychedelic trials will demonstrate smaller effect sizes that are more comparable to other conventional and emerging treatments for mood disorders. Clear science communication is critical for setting public expectations and psychedelic policy. With this evidence-based assessment, we aim to cut through the misinformation about the benefits, risks, and future prospects of psychedelic treatments.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2024-04-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives3020014", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020014", "keywords": "Misinformation, Psilocybin, Psychology, Mood, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Political science, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394855468\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394855468\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":26,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1426669486\",\"https://openalex.org/W1667663201\",\"https://openalex.org/W1809436058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002735054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012120824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020001299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039156670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044440339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045106859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060148337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065177605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074998508\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081814119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084499745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084605964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098776952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101652281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105824687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106636235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107026277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115881392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118371410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119303750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121920106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128283668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142420226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155424421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169639228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2255670592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586384568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589507488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2733703624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739098172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761197918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790556762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810254134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887153231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891058443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897917146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904487485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954134279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964775179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971831602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979052399\",\"https://openalex.org/W3019350884\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3041972496\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094915720\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107835125\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127644232\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160994744\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213430412\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206147469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224988773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280597931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289261545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293194637\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293801859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4306965370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308040950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385556714\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387019277\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387521434\",\"https://openalex.org/W6636942341\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002037545\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Meling\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-5431\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063753394\",\"display_name\":\"Rebecca Ehrenkranz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-6045\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030764396\",\"display_name\":\"Helena Aicher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-7086\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014899914\",\"display_name\":\"Xaver Funk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-7260\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004497618\",\"display_name\":\"Michiel van Elk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-3551\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080334845\",\"display_name\":\"Marianna Graziosi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-3304\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086532264\",\"display_name\":\"Prisca R. Bauer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-6528\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039486115\",\"display_name\":\"David B. Yaden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-6227\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020014\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394855468" }, { "id": 3331, "title": "A dual-receptor model of serotonergic psychedelics", "normalized_title": "a dual receptor model of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Juliani A, Chelu V, Graesser L, Safron A.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics have been identified as promising next-generation therapeutic agents in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. While their efficacy has been increasingly validated, the mechanism by which they exert a therapeutic effect is still debated. A popular theoretical account is that excessive 5-HT2a agonism disrupts cortical dynamics, relaxing the precision of maladaptive high-level beliefs and making them more malleable and open to revision. We extend this perspective by developing a simple energy-based model of cortical dynamics based on predictive processing which incorporates effects of neuromodulation. Using this model, we propose and simulate hypothetical computational mechanisms for both 5-HT2a and 5-HT1a agonism. Results from our model are able to account for a number of existing empirical observations concerning serotonergic psychedelics effects on cognition and affect. Using the findings of our model, we provide a theoretically-grounded hypothesis for the clinical success of LSD, psilocybin, and DMT, as well as identify the design space of biased 5-HT1a agonist psychedelics such as 5-MeO-DMT as potentially fruitful in the development of more effective and tolerable psychotherapeutic agents in the future.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-04-14", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.04.12.589282", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.12.589282", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR838073\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1133, "title": "Psilocybin induces acute anxiety and changes in amygdalar phosphopeptides independently from the 5-HT2A receptor", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces acute anxiety and changes in amygdalar phosphopeptides independently from the 5 ht2a receptor", "authors": "Ram Harari, Ipsita Chatterjee, Dmitriy Getselter, Evan Elliott", "abstract": "Psilocybin, and its metabolite psilocin, induces psychedelic effects through activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. Psilocybin has been proposed as a treatment for depression and anxiety but sometimes induces anxiety in humans. An understanding of mechanisms underlying the anxiety response will help to better develop therapeutic prospects of psychedelics. In the current study, psilocybin induced an acute increase in anxiety in behavioral paradigms in mice. Importantly, pharmacological blocking of the 5-HT2A receptor attenuates psilocybin-induced head twitch response, a behavioral proxy for the psychedelic response, but does not rescue psilocybin's effect on anxiety-related behavior. Phosphopeptide analysis in the amygdala uncovered signal transduction pathways that are dependent or independent of the 5-HT2A receptor. Furthermore, presynaptic proteins are specifically involved in psilocybin-induced acute anxiety. These insights into how psilocybin may induce short-term anxiety are important for understanding how psilocybin may best be used in the clinical framework.", "journal": "iScience", "publication_date": "2024-04-08", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2024.109686", "pubmed_id": "38660396", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109686", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Amygdala, Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, Receptor, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394602238\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012266823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071869790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167541848\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171952745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2512668841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515280853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803613718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889525702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898691989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948851808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000389316\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107793629\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295048117\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307481727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317242692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318754695\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379093876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"https://openalex.org/W6749681613\",\"https://openalex.org/W6786970953\",\"https://openalex.org/W6849285888\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064865259\",\"display_name\":\"Ram Harari\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070282355\",\"display_name\":\"Ipsita Chatterjee\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-1277\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113073983\",\"display_name\":\"Dmitriy Getselter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027372594\",\"display_name\":\"Evan Elliott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-969X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898358376\",\"source_display_name\":\"iScience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109686\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394602238" }, { "id": 1118, "title": "Mechanisms of therapeutic change after psychedelic treatment in OCD", "normalized_title": "mechanisms of therapeutic change after psychedelic treatment in ocd", "authors": "Gayle Maloney, Terence H. W. Ching, Stephen A. Kichuk, Christopher Pittenger, Benjamin Kelmendi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychiatry Research", "publication_date": "2024-04-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115907", "pubmed_id": "38615521", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115907", "keywords": "Psychotherapist, Psychological intervention, Psychology, Underpinning, Psilocybin, Grounded theory, Obsessive compulsive, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Qualitative research, Hallucinogen, Social science, Sociology, Engineering, Civil engineering, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394061312\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394061312\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2012854555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024006204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134591365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792164490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792628535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958704613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089873270\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129125412\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294163825\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321377299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366989647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383187382\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385954214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386484701\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390753253\",\"https://openalex.org/W6783674794\",\"https://openalex.org/W6800719561\",\"https://openalex.org/W6804093459\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076141605\",\"display_name\":\"Gayle Maloney\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-2824\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038288658\",\"display_name\":\"Terence H. W. Ching\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-2237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090942004\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen A. Kichuk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001094886\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Pittenger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-9321\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110948308\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin Kelmendi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-1326\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S84074229\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatry Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115907\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394061312" }, { "id": 3726, "title": "[Psychedelic psychiatry].", "normalized_title": "psychedelic psychiatry", "authors": "López E, Yngwe H, Beckman M, Tiger M, Hieronymus F, Lundberg J.", "abstract": "In the last 20 years there has been an increased interest in research on psychedelic compounds for treatment of psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. Despite existing treatments being efficacious for many patients, this is not the case for up to a third of the patients with depression. Additionally, treatments are often long and associated with side effects. This review focuses on the psychedelic compound psilocybin, a serotonin-2A-receptor agonist that has been seen to reduce depression and anxiety in patients after administration of only a single dose, with effects lasting several weeks. Recent findings from phase II studies suggest that psilocybin treatment for depression is safe and efficacious. A phase III study is currently recruiting. Whether psychedelics will become a part of standard healthcare remains to be seen, but findings do give rise to cautious optimism.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-04-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "38572715", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/38572715", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Anxiety Disorders, Psychiatry, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:08:41", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38572715\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4647, "title": "Pharmacology of Classical Psychedelic in Mouse Models of Chronic Pain", "normalized_title": "pharmacology of classical psychedelic in mouse models of chronic pain", "authors": "M. Imad Damaj, Eda Köşeli, Belle Buzzi, Yogesh Rakholia, Melissa J. Lewis, Javier González-Maeso", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pain", "publication_date": "2024-03-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.093", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.093", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Chronic pain, Pharmacology, Neuropathic pain, Analgesic, Adverse effect, Nociception, Anesthesia, Peripheral neuropathy, Hallucinogen, Morphine, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Mechanisms and Treatments, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394753853\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4394753853\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112311729\",\"display_name\":\"M. Imad Damaj\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042887851\",\"display_name\":\"Eda Köşeli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4812-4024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605633\",\"display_name\":\"Belle Buzzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-7377\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095378260\",\"display_name\":\"Yogesh Rakholia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021823042\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa J. Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-191X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S194302669\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.093\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394753853" }, { "id": 5659, "title": "Psychedelics: reconnecting the brain to heal the mind", "normalized_title": "psychedelics reconnecting the brain to heal the mind", "authors": "David Nutt", "abstract": "Natural psychedelics such as magic mushrooms have a long history of human use of at least 7000 years. Their use underwent a resurgence in the 1950/1960s following the synthesis of LSD as a psychedelic and its use as a medicine with powerful therapeutic benefits. But because non-medical use led to massive cultural changes especially in young people, all psychedelics were banned globally in the early 1970s. Over the past 20 years, there has been a resurrection of psychedelic research. This has revealed their common modes of action as agonists (stimulators) of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor in the brain and that this activity leads to profound alterations in neuro-circuitry, producing a more integrated and flexible pattern of activity. These brain changes found in healthy volunteers predicted utility in mental illnesses such as depression and addiction and subsequent trials revealed this to be true. A single psychedelic trip can lead to very long-lasting improvements in a range of mental illnesses. From these remarkable and consistent positive outcomes, it seems likely that psychedelic therapy will soon become widely approved in western medicine, as it has already been in Australia for treatment-resistant depression.", "journal": "The Biochemist", "publication_date": "2024-03-24", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1042/bio_2023_156", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_156", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Depression (economics), Addiction, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393157656\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393157656\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210185094\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Biochemist\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_156\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4393157656" }, { "id": 1148, "title": "Effects of discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants prior to psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram for major depression", "normalized_title": "effects of discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants prior to psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram for major depression", "authors": "David Erritzøe, Tommaso Barba, Meg J. Spriggs, Fernando E. Rosas, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for the therapeutic effects of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for major depression. However, due to the lack of safety data on combining psilocybin with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and concerns that there may be a negative interaction on efficacy, participants enrolling in psychedelic trials are usually required to discontinue SNRI/SNRIs prior to enrolling. AIMS: Using data from a recent clinical trial examining the comparative efficacy the psychedelic drug psilocybin (P) combined with approximately 20 h of psychological support to a 6-week (daily) course of the SSRI escitalopram plus matched psychological support for major depressive disorder, we explored the effects of discontinuing SSRI/SNRIs prior to study enrolment on study outcomes. METHODS: Exploratory post hoc analyses using linear mixed effects model were performed to investigate the discontinuation effect on various validated depression symptom severity scales and well-being. The impact of SSRI/SNRIs discontinuation on the acute psychedelic experience was also explored. RESULTS/OUTCOMES: In the psilocybin group, there was a reduced treatment effect on all outcome measures for SSRI/SNRIs discontinuers compared with unmedicated patients at trial entry. However, no effects of discontinuation on measures of the acute psychedelic experience were found. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of SSRI/SNRIs before psilocybin might diminish response to treatment; however, as we did not test SSRI/SNRI continuation in our trial, we cannot infer such causation. Moreover, the exploratory nature of the analyses makes them hypothesis generating, and not confirmatory. A controlled trial of SSRI/SNRI discontinuation versus continuation prior to psilocybin is urgently required.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-03-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/02698811241237870", "pubmed_id": "38520045", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241237870", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Discontinuation, Psychology, Paroxetine, Major depressive disorder, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Anxiety, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393118291\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":26,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W202333777\",\"https://openalex.org/W265240844\",\"https://openalex.org/W1575252642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951724000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977708183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001284148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042510791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045488830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060307846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071034105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092475629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099634048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155959499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162510673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169083980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2329873939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2397862430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408297962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410085988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519531315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567636536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605671917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2639909134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783948250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804151801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912654919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919124707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980350741\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003710034\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094909023\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107283988\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182390788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191247672\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197897999\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243810801\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292338862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308372082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313251651\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367053025\",\"https://openalex.org/W4372336620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390186718\",\"https://openalex.org/W6674913956\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005427567\",\"display_name\":\"Tommaso Barba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-4628\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020498855\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando E. Rosas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811241237870\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4393118291" }, { "id": 4665, "title": "Scanning the new frontier of mental health: psychedelic brain imaging", "normalized_title": "scanning the new frontier of mental health psychedelic brain imaging", "authors": "Natalie Ertl, Matthew B. Wall", "abstract": "The use of psychoactive substances for ritual, spiritual and medicinal purposes stretches back into prehistory and has been a common feature of many diverse cultures and societies globally. Psychedelics, with their unique ability to amplify feelings of connectedness and openness, may have also served as tools for promoting tribal cohesion and trust in ancient cultures. Psychedelic is a broad term derived from the Greek words ‘psyche’, meaning soul or mind, and ‘deloun’, which means to manifest. Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin (the active ingredient in magic mushrooms), act directly on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, while atypical psychedelics, such as MDMA and ketamine, have different pharmacological modes of action and tend to have less of a hallucinogenic effect. They all produce (as the origin of their name suggests) a profound shift in consciousness, generally positive emotional states and feelings of connectedness and openness. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is in many ways the prototypical psychedelic and began the first wave of psychedelic research in western medicine after it was first synthesized in the early 1940s. By the 1960s, thousands of patients had received LSD therapy in the USA, the UK, Czech Republic and elsewhere for depression, anxiety, addiction and a number of other disorders. This period concurrently saw the development of other key psychiatric drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors as antidepressants and dopamine antagonist drugs as antipsychotics. This revolution in psychiatric treatment ushered in a wave of research and entirely new perspectives on the biological mechanisms underpinning psychiatric disorders.", "journal": "The Biochemist", "publication_date": "2024-03-13", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1042/bio_2023_171", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_171", "keywords": "Frontier, Brain scanning, Psychology, Mental health, Neuroimaging, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, History, Nuclear medicine, Archaeology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392799517\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392799517\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004040027\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Ertl\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-1870\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210185094\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Biochemist\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_171\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Spirituality", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392799517" }, { "id": 4664, "title": "Psychedelic drugs and the law: What’s next?", "normalized_title": "psychedelic drugs and the law what s next", "authors": "Ben Seal", "abstract": "When Oregon's first psilocybin service center opened in June 2023, allowing those over 21 to take mind-altering mushrooms in a state-licensed facility, the psychedelic revival that had been unfolding over the past two decades entered an important new phase.Psilocybin is still illegal on the federal level. But now, as researchers explore the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and other psychedelics, including LSD and MDMA (also known as Molly or ecstasy), legal reform efforts are spreading across the country - raising tensions between state and federal laws.As a class, psychedelic drugs were outlawed in the United States by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The act designated psychedelics as Schedule I drugs - the most restrictive classification, indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. That status limits research to federally approved scientific studies and restricts federal funding to research with \"significant medical evidence of a therapeutic advantage.\"CREDIT: JAMES PROVOST (CC BY-ND)Legal scholar Robert MikosVanderbilt UniversityDespite these limitations, researchers have demonstrated the potential of psychedelics in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety and addiction. A2020 systematic review of recent research found that psychedelics can lessen symptoms linked to a variety of mental health conditions. While that review found no serious, long-term adverse physical or psychological effects from ingesting psychedelics, more research is needed on the latter.Today, decades after research on the effects of hallucinogens on the brain was sidelined by the act, academic and cultural interest in psychedelics is on the rise. More than 60 percent of Americans now support regulated therapeutic use of psychedelics, while nearly half support decriminalization, and nearly 45 percent support spiritual and religious use. An estimated 5.5 million US adults use psychedelics each year.In opening psilocybin service centers where adults can buy and consume \"magic mushrooms\" without a doctor's prescription, Oregon took the biggest step yet toward expanding legal psychedelic access in the United States. In the process, it joined a growing number of states and municipalities that are carving their own paths with drug laws. Colorado legalized the use and possession of hallucinogenic mushrooms and three other psychedelics in 2022 and aims to open licensed use facilities by the end of 2024. And California's legislature passed a bill in 2023 that would have legalized adult possession of psilocybin, the related psilocin and two other hallucinogens (dimethyltryptamine, or DMT, and mescaline), although Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed it in October, asking for legislation that focuses on therapeutic uses.In all, 20 states introduced psychedelic-related legislation in 2023, ranging from plans to establish research councils and working groups to proposals to legalize use and possession of certain drugs. Meanwhile, cities in California, Michigan and Massachusetts have stopped enforcement or otherwise decriminalized possession of some psychedelics, typically ones that are naturally found in plants and fungi. Washington, DC, the seat of the federal government, has also loosened its psychedelic laws.Some of these reform efforts aim to revive research that might lead to badly needed mental health treatments; others are pushing back against what many deem unfair criminal punishments stemming from the \"war on drugs.\" The result is a growing patchwork of state and local laws that stand in conflict with the Controlled Substances Act.What does the future hold? Robert Mikos, an expert on drug law at Vanderbilt University Law School in Tennessee, says the history of marijuana law reform may offer some indicators.In 1996, California voters approved the medical use of marijuana, and today 38 states have medical marijuana programs, while 24 states and the District of Columbia have legalized recreational use. Seventy percent of Americans support marijuana legalization, up from about 25 percent when California first changed its law. And yet marijuana, which is sometimes itself considered a psychedelic, remains a Schedule I substance.Thirty-eight states have legalized medical use of marijuana, and 24 of those now also allow adult recreational use. Other states permit sales only of low-potency cannabis.For marijuana, too, public perception underwent dramatic shifts as research demonstrated its relative safety and effectiveness for the treatment of pain and nausea, among other maladies.Mikos analyzed the implications of marijuana reform history for the legal future of psychedelics in the 2022 Annual Review of Law and Social Science. In an interview with Knowable Magazine, he explored the path toward rescheduling, why different types of psychedelics need to be considered separately, and the interplay between federal and state drug laws.This conversation has been edited for length and clarity.What have you learned from studying the history of marijuana reform in terms of what's now happening with psychedelics?The biggest lesson is that you don't have to put all your eggs in one basket and get the federal government to sign on, which is extremely difficult to do. The states provide an alternate forum for pursuing reforms. We've seen some small changes to federal law, but in the last 26 years or so, we've seen the states figure out ways around all the obstacles erected by the federal government. There are some compromises and sacrifices that have to be made to work around federal law, but you can pull this off and have meaningful reform without agreement from the federal government - even with some hostility from the federal government.Do you think the legal journey of marijuana should inform the future for psychedelics?There are differences here. No one even agrees on what the term psychedelics encompasses. Some people think immediately of plant-based psychedelics like psilocybin. Others would include lab-made drugs like LSD. It's a much more diverse array of substances than marijuana. If someone wants to legalize psychedelics, they may have to pick one substance and run with it. That is a clearer path to success than saying you're going to legalize all psychedelics. I don't think any state would be willing to do that at this point.Framing its use as medical helps - that was certainly true with marijuana. It's much easier to sell the public on legalizing something for medical use rather than recreational or spiritual use. Under the Controlled Substances Act, the only lawful use of a controlled substance is medical, so there was a natural inclination to frame marijuana use as medical.Politically, it would be easier to convince a majority of the public to support a ballot initiative to legalize some psychedelics, like psilocybin, for medical use. It would be a simpler story than saying, \"Some people here want to go out and trip.\"In Oregon, psylocibin can now be taken at a state-licensed center under the guidance of people trained to facilitate users' psychedelic experiences. Here, students in training to work as psylocibin guides wear sleep masks as part of a class exercise.CREDIT: LIZZY ACKER / THE OREGONIANIn 2023, the US Department of Health and Human Services, which is tasked by the Drug Enforcement Administration with reviewing the medical and scientific evidence for a drug's scheduling, recommended reclassifying marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III, indicating federal recognition of its accepted medical use. That move would open the door to federal approval of medical marijuana but keep it criminally controlled. Could that be a path for psychedelic reform?If the Drug Enforcement Administration does reschedule marijuana, it would show that you could get this done at the federal level - but consider that the Controlled Substances Act was passed more than 50 years ago. Marijuana could still end up moving only one rung, to Schedule II, which is very tightly controlled - cocaine is there right now. My takeaway is: Don't hold your breath waiting for the federal government to change its laws.And for psychedelics, it's more complicated. You'd need to make that same demonstration to the Food and Drug Administration - that the drug has medical uses - for each and every drug you were interested in. (The FDA evaluates a drug's safety and medical efficacy, as well as potential for abuse, among other factors, in its analysis.) YOU MAY ALSO LIKE The Mind Psychedelics open a new window on the mechanisms of perception The Mind Listening to ketamine Health & Disease Scientific highs and lows of cannabinoids Still, there's at least a sign, now, that you can convince the federal government to lower the controls on some of these long-forbidden substances. But given how much time it's taken and how limited that impact would be, it suggests you need to do something else - probably going through the states again and not the federal government.To what extent is the Controlled Substances Act dictating the trajectory of psychedelic reform?The Controlled Substances Act privileges medical use, which is going to frame the debate around these substances. But I think people are going to shoehorn in uses that are not genuinely medical uses of the drug.People are trying to scientifically test these drugs, but ironically, the Controlled Substances Act makes that very difficult. If a drug is on Schedule I, to move it off you need clinical trials demonstrating that it's effective at treating some medical condition. But conducting those medical trials is really difficult because it's Schedule I.The federal government wants to make sure that something someone says is going to be used in a clinical research trial is not sold on the black market. So it imposes special controls, which it could relax to make it easier for universities, hospitals and scientists to test the medical efficacy of different psychedelics.Even though psychedelics are often discussed as an entire class of drugs, they differ in their chemistry, how they're created and how they affect individuals who take them. How will that influence the way advocates approach reform?At the federal level, even if you conduct mountains of research demonstrating that LSD has some accepted medical use, that won't have any effect on whether to reschedule psilocybin. Politically, it may be difficult to form alliances in that situation between people who believe strongly in legalizing psilocybin versus those who support legalizing a different psychedelic drug.At the state level, it could get tricky. Will there be enough people out there who are willing to support an initiative targeted at just one of these psychedelics? We don't have much public opinion research on psychedelics in general, and certainly not on individual psychedelics, which may be the route that reformers need to take.MDMA was granted \"breakthrough therapy\" status in order to be studied as part of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, and the completion of a Phase 3 trial in fall 2023 means it could be approved by the FDA for this use as early as 2024. Would that require the drug to be rescheduled? And how would that change the trajectory for psychedelics overall at the federal level?It would necessitate rescheduling. You can't keep a drug on Schedule I if it has accepted medical use. Which other schedule it falls on depends on the relative harms and likelihood of abuse. But I'm not sure there are broader ramifications. The Controlled Substances Act calls for the scheduling of individual substances, rather than classes of substances, so the scheduling of MDMA has no implications for the scheduling of psilocybin.A Phase 3 clinical trial found that MDMA-assisted therapy reduced participants' symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and functional impairment better than placebo - a major advancement in efforts to show the therapeutic potential of psychedelics.What does the tension between state and federal psychedelics law look like?It's a bit like a chess match. The states can liberalize their laws and allow people to use, manufacture and distribute some psychedelics, such as psilocybin in Oregon, without fear of arrest from the state government.The federal government could try to counter the states by making it very difficult for the states to regulate psychedelics. This was true in the early days of state marijuana law reforms. The states wanted to create a safe and heavily state-regulated supply system, but the federal government was threatening to crack down on suppliers, so states didn't try to set up regulated supply systems. In California, for example, people set up enormous collectives that served tens of thousands of patients, but those suppliers weren't regulated to the same degree they are now.You saw state regulation take off only around 2009 when the Obama administration announced it would stop raiding medical marijuana distributors. But that was more than 12 years into state marijuana reforms. Prior to that, states said, \"We're going to call your bluff.… We're not going to arrest patients. Instead, we're going to tell patients to grow it themselves, get it from a friend or the black market.\"That's less than ideal. The states didn't want some 70-year-old terminal cancer patient having to grow their own medicine, but they said that's better than threatening to arrest that patient. You might see a similar tit-for-tat in the psychedelics realm.Oregon has tried to jump the gun a little bit with psilocybin. What they're envisioning is a tightly regulated state supply system. You can't buy it and use it at home at your leisure - you have to use it at a state-licensed psilocybin service center.The problem with that is that it's much easier for the federal government to shut down state-regulated suppliers because you've got a list of them, so it puts those suppliers in harm's way. They can be arrested, prosecuted, thrown in prison for long terms and have their assets seized.But if the federal government cracks down on those psilocybin service centers, Oregon might just lift its prohibition on making and distributing this drug. And then the federal government might come back to the table, as it eventually did with medical marijuana.It's a back-and-forth between the states and the federal government to figure out how much the federal government will tolerate.A marijuana dispensary in New Orleans, Louisiana, one of 38 states that have legalized medical use of the drug.CREDIT: WILLIAM A. MORGAN / SHUTTERSTOCKWhat lessons have we learned from the early stages of psychedelic law reform?Oregon passed Measure 109 back in fall 2020. It took three years for the first psilocybin service center to open. It takes time to figure out how to do this, especially for early adopters. Can we actually have a system where the state is looking over your shoulder while you're taking this drug? Or is that going to backfire and is the federal government going to use that to crack down on these centers?As long as the sky doesn't fall and you don't see some disasters from these early adopters, I think other states will warm to it. But the first few years are going to be slow going.Are there indications yet about whether psychedelics will be able to gather the same kind of political backing that helped push marijuana reform? I am deeply skeptical. If you look at marijuana, we've had the majority of Americans support legalization for recreational or adult use for 10 years and we're just now getting some tepid indications that somewhere down the line the Biden administration might change federal law governing marijuana to allow for medical use.It's going to take a while before you get that sort of public support for psychedelics reform, if you ever get it, and you'd need that before whoever is in federal office 10 to 20 years from now actually embraces this.Stay in the KnowSign up for the Knowable Magazine newsletter todayThe forecast at the federal level doesn't sound favorable for reform advocates, but at the state level, do you think psychedelic reform is inevitable at this point?Not necessarily. Psychedelics aren't nearly as popular or familiar to the general public as marijuana is, so advocates of reforms will have a bigger job educating the public and convincing them that legalization is a good idea.I don't think we're going to see a sudden rush to embrace psychedelics. You might see it in a few states like Oregon and California. Other states will wait on the sidelines and see how it works: Did they figure this out? Is it safe? Is it effective? Were they able to control it? Once you see that demonstration you might see some momentum pick up, especially if public support for psychedelics grows.A decade from now, maybe seven or eight states will have legalized one psychedelic, probably psilocybin, ostensibly for therapeutic use but, in reality, for any use, as Oregon has done. And then maybe the federal government will reschedule one of these psychedelics. But this took 25 years for marijuana. It will probably be similar for psychedelics.", "journal": "Knowable Magazine", "publication_date": "2024-03-13", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1146/knowable-031424-2", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/knowable-031424-2", "keywords": "Law, Political science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392794286\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392794286\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5094149720\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Seal\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210173073\",\"source_display_name\":\"Knowable Magazine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/knowable-031424-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Safety", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392794286" }, { "id": 2007, "title": "Problems of Qualification of Trafficking in Plants and Plant Parts Containing Psychoactive Substances and Mushrooms Containing Psilocybin and (or) Psilocin", "normalized_title": "problems of qualification of trafficking in plants and plant parts containing psychoactive substances and mushrooms containing psilocybin and or psilocin", "authors": "Aleksandr V. Kulikov, Ilya Yu. Zheleznyak", "abstract": "Purpose: research of such items of illicit drug trafficking as plants and plant parts containing psychoactive substances. Methodology: study and analysis of judicial practice of higher courts and scientific research of natural science specialists; formal legal and technical legal methods. Conclusions: there is a lack of due attention to the problem of selling narcotic plants and their parts, as well as narcotic mushrooms using information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet); the question is raised about the selection of mushrooms containing psilocybin and (or) psilocin from the List of plants containing psychoactive substances, since mushrooms are not plants. Scientific and practical significance: the authors propose the dispositions of art. 228, part 1 art. 228.1, art. 229.1 and art. 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the dispositions of the relevant articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, after the words ‘...or their parts containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances’, add the words ‘mushrooms containing psilocybin and (or) psilocin’. Also part 2 of art. 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented with the words: ‘Acquisition of items specified in Part 1 of this article using the media or electronic or information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet)’, which in general will make it possible to suppress their illegal trafficking.", "journal": "Drug control", "publication_date": "2024-03-13", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.18572/2072-4160-2024-1-23-26", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2024-1-23-26", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychoactive substance, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393037878\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393037878\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104109150\",\"display_name\":\"Aleksandr V. Kulikov\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106752071\",\"display_name\":\"Ilya Yu. Zheleznyak\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210179896\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug control\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2024-1-23-26\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4393037878" }, { "id": 4667, "title": "Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder", "normalized_title": "unique psychological mechanisms underlying psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram treatment in the treatment of major depressive disorder", "authors": "Brandon Weiss, Leor Roseman, Bruna Giribaldi, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris, David Erritzøe", "abstract": "Abstract The mechanisms by which Psilocybin Therapy (PT) improves depression remain an important object of study, with scientists actively exploring acute psychological experiences and neurobiological processes as candidates. In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, active comparator controlled trial involving patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we investigated whether acute psychological experiences could meaningfully account for the unique efficacy of PT versus Escitalopram Treatment over a core 6-week trial period. An exploratory-factor-analysis-derived single-factor of depression was used as the outcome. Among a comprehensive set of acute experiences related to psilocybin, so-called “mystical experience” and “ego dissolution” were unique in mediating the effect of treatment condition on depressive response with high specificity. Higher reported levels of mystical experience, emotional breakthrough, and intense responses to music-listening were furthermore associated with greater antidepressant response. These results provide qualified support for the causal mechanistic role of acute psychological experiences in the treatment of depression via PT.", "journal": "International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction", "publication_date": "2024-03-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s11469-024-01253-9", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-024-01253-9", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Treatment-resistant depression, Major depressive disorder, Psychiatry, Antidepressant, Depression (economics), Citalopram, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Mood, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Weiss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-2981\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S47841752\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-024-01253-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392550813" }, { "id": 1210, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Historical Perspective and Overview", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy a primer for primary care clinicians historical perspective and overview", "authors": "Burton J. Tabaac, Kenneth Shinozuka, Alejandro Arenas, Bryce D. Beutler, Kirsten Cherian, Viviana D. Evans, Chelsey Fasano, Owen S. Muir", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric conditions, including those that are treatment-resistent. The latter half of the 20th century marked a revolution in the treatment of mental illnesses, exemplified by the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other pharmacological agents. Nevertheless, mental illness remains a major public health crisis, affecting nearly one billion individuals worldwide. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: Because of the decades-long status of several psychedelics as Schedule I drugs, there have not been very many large, double-blind, randomized controlled trials of psychedelics. Owing to small sample sizes, there may be rare yet serious adverse events that have not been reported in the clinical trials thus far. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: Esketamine, a dissociative hallucinogen drug, was approved for the management of major depressive disorder by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019. As of January 2024, two Phase III trials of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic drug that inhibits the serotonin transporter, have been completed; the results indicate that MDMA is superior to existing pharmacological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. A phase III trial of psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonin receptor partial agonist, is currently underway. The following series details the current state of research in psychedelic therapeutics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N-N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ayahuasca, psilocybin, ibogaine, MDMA, and ketamine. LIMITATIONS: While initial clinical trials of psychedelics for depression were very promising, trials of psilocybin with larger sample sizes (100+ participants) suggest that its remission rate is 25%-29%. This is about the same as the remission rate of antidepressants, which is roughly 30% according to the landmark STAR*D trial. CONCLUSIONS: Psychedelic drugs and structural derivatives offer a great deal of promise for the management of a wide range of psychiatric morbidities. It is imperative that clinicians become familiar with these novel agents and learn how to integrate psychedelic therapy with the rest of their care through open communication and referral.", "journal": "American Journal of Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2024-02-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1097/mjt.0000000000001727", "pubmed_id": "38518266", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0000000000001727", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Medicine, MDMA, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Adverse effect, Clinical trial, Dissociative, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393098943\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4393098943\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W496281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000909913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001522991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048175288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077664164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078883428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084385783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086751805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097572674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103255996\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124353882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128918664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160187477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2187560292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800419754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899027265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913614159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935676591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968383430\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023228010\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080924193\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124624052\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129649658\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158802832\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180018060\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203310594\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203419443\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207479206\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209020581\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214914300\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226063380\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226515135\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232838523\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311448180\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378549583\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382465647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384153740\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390615514\",\"https://openalex.org/W6601182256\",\"https://openalex.org/W6651027428\",\"https://openalex.org/W6686924159\",\"https://openalex.org/W6782159626\",\"https://openalex.org/W6853604912\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074195594\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014505307\",\"display_name\":\"Burton J. Tabaac\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-5471\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000417271\",\"display_name\":\"Kenneth Shinozuka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-9161\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109694269\",\"display_name\":\"Alejandro Arenas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013379706\",\"display_name\":\"Bryce D. Beutler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-1826\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084494931\",\"display_name\":\"Kirsten Cherian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-0081\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109694684\",\"display_name\":\"Viviana D. Evans\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108242803\",\"display_name\":\"Chelsey Fasano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104263384\",\"display_name\":\"Owen S. Muir\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S67118044\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0000000000001727\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthcare Workers,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4393098943" }, { "id": 1209, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy a primer for primary care clinicians psilocybin", "authors": "Burton J. Tabaac, Kenneth Shinozuka, Alejandro Arenas, Bryce D. Beutler, Kirsten Cherian, Viviana D. Evans, Chelsey Fasano, Owen S. Muir", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin, induces profound alterations in consciousness through the 5-HT2A receptor. This review consolidates current research findings to elucidate the pharmacology, safety profile, and clinical applications of psilocybin. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: Despite initial concerns that psilocybin could cause psychosis, contemporary research has demonstrated that psilocybin is generally safe. The most common adverse effects are nausea and headache, yet both tend to be transient. Serious adverse events can generally be avoided in controlled settings such as clinical trials. However, in the largest clinical trial to date, there were a total of 7 reported cases of suicidal ideation, up to 12 weeks after receiving a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin. That being said, all 7 cases did not respond to the treatment. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may blunt the hallucinogenic qualities of psilocybin, preliminary research suggests that they may enhance its antidepressant effects. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: In clinical trials, psilocybin has shown promise for treating major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Initial studies indicated that 42%-57% of patients underwent remission after psilocybin-assisted therapy, which suggests that psilocybin is more effective than existing antidepressant medications. Clinical data have also demonstrated that psilocybin can manage substance use disorders and end-of-life anxiety with clinical outcomes that are sustained for months and sometimes years after 1 or 2 doses. LIMITATIONS: However, larger Phase II trials with more than 100 depressed participants have shown a much smaller remission rate of 25%-29%, though these studies still observed that psilocybin causes a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Aside from ketamine, psilocybin is the most clinically well-researched psychedelic drug, with trials that have enrolled hundreds of participants and multiple therapeutic applications. Phase III trials will determine whether psilocybin lives up to the promise that it showed in previous clinical trials.", "journal": "American Journal of Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2024-02-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1097/mjt.0000000000001724", "pubmed_id": "38518269", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0000000000001724", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Adverse effect, Psychiatry, Antidepressant, Clinical trial, Fluoxetine, Pharmacology, Anxiety, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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J. Tabaac\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-5471\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000417271\",\"display_name\":\"Kenneth Shinozuka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-9161\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109694269\",\"display_name\":\"Alejandro Arenas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013379706\",\"display_name\":\"Bryce D. Beutler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-1826\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084494931\",\"display_name\":\"Kirsten Cherian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-0081\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109694684\",\"display_name\":\"Viviana D. Evans\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108242803\",\"display_name\":\"Chelsey Fasano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016829878\",\"display_name\":\"Owen S. Muir\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-338X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S67118044\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0000000000001724\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4393098899" }, { "id": 1207, "title": "Neuroimaging features of psilocybin-induced toxic-metabolic encephalopathy in an adolescent", "normalized_title": "neuroimaging features of psilocybin induced toxic metabolic encephalopathy in an adolescent", "authors": "Clarice Ho, John R. Crawford", "abstract": "A previously healthy adolescent presented to the emergency department with an abrupt onset of altered mental status and abnormal behaviour, including shaking of the extremities, rocking back and forth, and non-sensical speech, after ingestion of chocolate that contained psilocybin. Neurological", "journal": "BMJ Case Reports", "publication_date": "2024-02-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1136/bcr-2024-259721", "pubmed_id": "38442973", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-259721", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Toxic encephalopathy, Hallucinogen, Ingestion, Neuroimaging, Altered Mental Status, Encephalopathy, Medicine, Psychology, Pediatrics, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392453921\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392453921\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1997276151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044090800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111114635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156461250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2619502028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885146051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886627126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978428533\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022095786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080391874\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253744938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382918325\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385924706\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022365555\",\"display_name\":\"Clarice Ho\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043546185\",\"display_name\":\"John R. Crawford\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-7001\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S141953298\",\"source_display_name\":\"BMJ Case Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-259721\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Adolescents,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392453921" }, { "id": 1203, "title": "Scoping Review: The Role of Psychedelics in the Management of Chronic Pain", "normalized_title": "scoping review the role of psychedelics in the management of chronic pain", "authors": "Christopher L. Robinson, Alexandra Fonseca, Efemena Diejomaoh, Ryan S. D’Souza, Michael E Schatman, Vwaire Orhurhu, Trent Emerick", "abstract": "Introduction: Amid a lack of effective chronic pain treatments, psychedelics have gained attention as a potential solution, although their Schedule 1 classification poses challenges. Psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, have gained popularity as alternatives and adjuncts for chronic pain treatment. Studies suggest that they may modulate pain processing through agonism primarily at the serotonin receptor, 5-HT2A. One of the first of its nature, we present an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered scoping review primarily focusing on evaluating psychedelics for chronic pain conditions such as cluster headache, phantom limb pain, and fibromyalgia. Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we used an AI-powered comprehensive search strategy utilizing the ChatGPT4.0 Bing chat to search Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for articles addressing chronic pain. The query was performed on June 1, 2023, focusing on psychedelics for chronic, non-cancer pain including headache disorders. Inclusion criteria were English-only, peer-reviewed articles involving human participants > 18 years, focusing on chronic pain conditions (eg, phantom limb pain and cluster headache), using LSD, 2.5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B), N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, or mescaline. Exclusion criteria were reviews, editorials, and opinion articles and studies focusing on tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabis and/or ketamine. Results: A total of 186 unique database entries were retrieved, of which nine studies were included in the scoping review. These included four case reports/series, an open-label study, a cohort study, two online surveys, and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They comprised three studies addressing phantom limb pain, four addressing cluster headaches, and two addressing fibromyalgia, spinal cord injury, complex regional pain syndrome, and lumbar radiculopathy. Conclusion: Psychedelics may have potential in alleviating pain symptoms secondary to a multitude of chronic pain conditions. However, further randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to further explore and evaluate the role of psychedelics in chronic, non-cancer pain. Keywords: psilocybin, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, headache, phantom limb pain, scoping review", "journal": "Journal of Pain Research", "publication_date": "2024-02-29", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.2147/jpr.s439348", "pubmed_id": "38496341", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s439348", "keywords": "Medicine, Chronic pain, Psilocybin, MEDLINE, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Political science, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392660340\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392660340\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":32,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W246286872\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988209540\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999460576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006830951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050340080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052042435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086009833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156098321\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2253091129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400707620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473812009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516564083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2688908417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794118706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804789712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891378911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891660975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926142065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995393447\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125143320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200034096\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205164075\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206049742\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212974073\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280546985\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294215472\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294804950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295789857\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313488167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362508370\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386935684\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053072299\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher L. Robinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-9056\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108995889\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandra Fonseca\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086119881\",\"display_name\":\"Efemena Diejomaoh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032657392\",\"display_name\":\"Ryan S. D’Souza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4601-9837\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012455043\",\"display_name\":\"Michael E Schatman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-0413\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023698042\",\"display_name\":\"Vwaire Orhurhu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-738X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076378104\",\"display_name\":\"Trent Emerick\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-5946\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S130650480\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pain Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s439348\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392660340" }, { "id": 1237, "title": "A Neuroanatomic and Pathophysiologic Framework for Novel Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.", "normalized_title": "a neuroanatomic and pathophysiologic framework for novel pharmacological approaches to the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder", "authors": "Norred MA, Zuschlag ZD, Hamner MB.", "abstract": "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder inflicting high degrees of symptomatic and socioeconomic burdens. The development of PTSD results from a cascade of events with contributions from multiple processes and the underlying pathophysiology is complex, involving neurotransmitters, neurocircuitry, and neuroanatomical pathways. Presently, only two medications are US FDA-approved for the treatment of PTSD, both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, the complex underlying pathophysiology suggests a number of alternative pathways and mechanisms that may be targets for potential drug development. Indeed, investigations and drug development are proceeding in a number of these alternative, non-serotonergic pathways in an effort to improve the management of PTSD. In this manuscript, the authors introduce novel and emerging treatments for PTSD, including drugs in various stages of development and clinical testing (BI1358894, BNC-210, PRAX-114, JZP-150, LU AG06466, NYV-783, PH-94B, SRX246, TNX-102), established agents and known compounds being investigated for their utility in PTSD (brexpiprazole, cannabidiol, doxasoin, ganaxolone, intranasal neuropeptide Y, intranasal oxytocin, tianeptine oxalate, verucerfont), and emerging psychedelic interventions (ketamine, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy), with an aim to examine and integrate these agents into the underlying pathophysiological frameworks of trauma-related disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-02-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s40265-023-01983-5", "pubmed_id": "38413493", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-023-01983-5", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Psychotherapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38413493\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1200, "title": "Preadministration of Lorazepam Reduces Efficacy and Longevity of Antidepressant-Like Effect from a Psychedelic", "normalized_title": "preadministration of lorazepam reduces efficacy and longevity of antidepressant like effect from a psychedelic", "authors": "Meghan Hibicke, Gerald Billac, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Introduction: Psychedelics such as psilocybin have been shown to have persistent antidepressant effects, but with considerable individual variability in optimal dosing. Intravenous (IV) dosing is rapid onset and quickly titrated, possibly preceded by an anxiolytic for patient comfort. We explored the viability of IV psilocin with and without preadministration of lorazepam for possible future inpatient therapeutic utility. Methods: Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were given saline (S), psilocin (P), or psilocin and lorazepam (P+L). Saline was given intraperitoneally (IP), psilocin was given IV to a second group, and lorazepam was given IP, then psilocin was given IV30 min later to a final group. Rats were tested in the forced swim test (FST) 3 and 14 weeks after injection. Results: P rats were more active than S rats at both time points. P + L rats were more active in the FST than S rats at 3, but not 14, weeks. P + L rats were less active than P rats at 14 weeks, and less active than themselves at 3 weeks. S rats' behavior was not different at 3 and 14 weeks. Similarly, P rats behaved the same at both time points. Conclusions: IV psilocin persistently decreased immobility in the FST, but lorazepam reduced psilocin's antidepressant-like efficacy and longevity.", "journal": "Psychedelic Medicine", "publication_date": "2024-02-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2023.0037", "pubmed_id": "40051761", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0037", "keywords": "Lorazepam, Antidepressant, Longevity, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychology, Psychiatry, Gerontology, Anxiety, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392231460\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392231460\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1653678085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034785892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055096975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057200138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063719286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089299823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092587709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109386965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109718163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137978956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163709008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398800790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596554562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596798372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742985209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890187437\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994673843\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009608926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010604170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105750152\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220768157\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282963889\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010547769\",\"display_name\":\"Gerald Billac\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelic Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0037\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Longevity,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392231460" }, { "id": 594, "title": "Are \"mystical experiences\" essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?", "normalized_title": "are mystical experiences essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics", "authors": "Hashimoto K.", "abstract": "The growing interest in the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, is remarkable. However, both ketamine and psychedelics are known to induce acute mystical experiences; ketamine can cause dissociative symptoms such as out-of-body experience, while psychedelics typically bring about hallucinogenic experiences, like a profound sense of unity with the universe or nature. The role of these mystical experiences in enhancing the antidepressant outcomes for patients with depression is currently an area of ongoing investigation and debate. Clinical studies have shown that the dissociative symptoms following the administration of ketamine or (S)-ketamine (esketamine) are not directly linked to their antidepressant properties. In contrast, the antidepressant potential of (R)-ketamine (arketamine), thought to lack dissociative side effects, has yet to be conclusively proven in large-scale clinical trials. Moreover, although the activation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is crucial for the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics in humans, its precise role in their antidepressant action is still under discussion. This article explores the importance of mystical experiences in enhancing the antidepressant efficacy of both ketamine and classic psychedelics.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-02-26", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s00406-024-01770-7", "pubmed_id": "38411629", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-024-01770-7", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Dissociative Disorders, Mysticism", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38411629\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1217, "title": "Psilocybin and the Development of Serotonin Toxicity", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and the development of serotonin toxicity", "authors": "Avisha D Amarnani, Melissa F Free, Ritika Baweja", "abstract": "", "journal": "The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders", "publication_date": "2024-02-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.4088/pcc.23cr03648", "pubmed_id": "38442068", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/pcc.23cr03648", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin, Toxicity, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392771317\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392771317\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5094142766\",\"display_name\":\"Avisha D Amarnani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5094142767\",\"display_name\":\"Melissa F Free\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104257682\",\"display_name\":\"Ritika Baweja\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210179967\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/pcc.23cr03648\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392771317" }, { "id": 1189, "title": "Deciphering psilocybin: Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and mechanistic insights", "normalized_title": "deciphering psilocybin cytotoxicity anti inflammatory effects and mechanistic insights", "authors": "Salma Laabi, Claire LeMmon, Callie Vogel, M. Chacón, Víctor M. Jiménez", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Immunopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-02-22", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111753", "pubmed_id": "38401463", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111753", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Cytokine, Hallucinogen, Cytotoxicity, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Chemistry, Medicine, In vitro, Internal medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Laabi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4946-1723\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093992339\",\"display_name\":\"Claire LeMmon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3794-8817\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101308813\",\"display_name\":\"Callie Vogel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014528999\",\"display_name\":\"M. Chacón\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4495-9802\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082760525\",\"display_name\":\"Víctor M. Jiménez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-6072\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S158377717\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Immunopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111753\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392119029" }, { "id": 3280, "title": "Prefrontal Electrophysiological Biomarkers and Mechanism-Based Drug Effects in a Rat Model of Alcohol Addiction", "normalized_title": "prefrontal electrophysiological biomarkers and mechanism based drug effects in a rat model of alcohol addiction", "authors": "Habelt B, Afanasenkau D, Schwarz C, Domanegg K, Kuchar M, Werner C, Minev IR, Spanagel R, Meinhardt MW, Bernhardt N.", "abstract": "Abstract Current treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) show large heterogeneity in response and thus limited effectiveness and high relapse rates. A precision medicine approach with biomarkers responsive to new treatments is warranted to overcome this limitation. Promising biomarkers relate to prefrontal control mechanisms that are severely disturbed in AUD. This results in reduced inhibitory control of compulsive behavior and, eventually, relapse. We reasoned here that prefrontal dysfunction, which underlies vulnerability to relapse, is evidenced by altered neuroelectric signatures and should be restored by pharmacological interventions that specifically target prefrontal dysfunction. To test this, we applied our recently developed biocompatible neuroprosthesis to measure prefrontal neural function in a well-established rat model of alcohol addiction and relapse. We monitored neural oscillations and event-related potentials in awake alcohol-dependent rats during abstinence and following treatment with psilocybin or LY379268, agonists of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), that are known to reduce prefrontal dysfunction and relapse. Electrophysiological impairments in alcohol-dependent rats are reduced amplitudes of P1N1 and N1P2 components and attenuated event-related oscillatory activity. Psilocybin and LY379268 were able to restore these impairments. Furthermore, alcohol-dependent animals displayed a dominance in higher beta frequencies indicative of a state of hyperarousal that is prone to relapse, which particularly psilocybin was able to counteract. In summary, we provide prefrontal markers indicative of relapse and treatment response, especially for psychedelic drugs.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2024-02-21", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3905152/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3905152/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR809495\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1220, "title": "The effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior: a proposed mechanism for enduring antidepressant effects", "normalized_title": "the effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior a proposed mechanism for enduring antidepressant effects", "authors": "Kush Bhatt, Cory R. Weissman", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic shown to have enduring antidepressant effects. Currently, the mechanism for its enduring effects is not well understood. Empathy and prosocial behavior may be important for understanding the therapeutic benefit of psilocybin. In this article we review the effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior. Moreover, we propose that psilocybin may induce a positive feedback loop involving empathy and prosocial behavior which helps explain the observed, enduring antidepressant effects.", "journal": "npj Mental Health Research", "publication_date": "2024-02-19", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s44184-023-00053-8", "pubmed_id": "38609500", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-023-00053-8", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Prosocial behavior, Empathy, Psychology, Antidepressant, Mechanism (biology), Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Developmental psychology, Social psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Epistemology, Internal medicine, Philosophy, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391967348\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391967348\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":28,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1996143523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001594024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023537293\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042011957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061370269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070088299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075869341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133404106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149587856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159150742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2216930413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242014171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324758806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337075201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2338486445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2465711873\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610383445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742954009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2743804110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765553072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791229136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806513910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886760263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916233667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949486400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969562018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2980419158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991841760\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007786836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014277121\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044584927\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081978680\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125707048\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133906491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135413620\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138070374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160602205\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163276978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3174939642\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180562559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185971578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194934044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198322485\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202537739\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213058852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213243418\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213457594\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221031753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223525754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280508917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282579724\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284888573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285589924\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286587482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288457129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315705213\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366241046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366989647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367840575\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384997106\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043333636\",\"display_name\":\"Kush Bhatt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038223318\",\"display_name\":\"Cory R. Weissman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-8263\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280515\",\"source_display_name\":\"npj Mental Health Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-023-00053-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391967348" }, { "id": 1150, "title": "Expectancy Effects in Psychedelic Trials", "normalized_title": "expectancy effects in psychedelic trials", "authors": "Balázs Szigeti, Boris D. 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Szigeti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-6442\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070799330\",\"display_name\":\"Boris D. Heifets\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-0379\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898601774\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.02.004\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391953134" }, { "id": 1221, "title": "Development of a digital intervention for psychedelic preparation (DIPP)", "normalized_title": "development of a digital intervention for psychedelic preparation dipp", "authors": "Rosalind McAlpine, Matthew D. Sacchet, Otto Simonsson, Maisha M. Khan, Katarina Krajnović, Larisa Morometescu, Sunjeev K. Kamboj", "abstract": "Psychedelic substances induce profound alterations in consciousness. Careful preparation is therefore essential to limit adverse reactions, enhance therapeutic benefits, and maintain user safety. This paper describes the development of a self-directed, digital intervention for psychedelic preparation. Drawing on elements from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex interventions, the design was informed by a four-factor model of psychedelic preparedness, using a person-centred approach. Our mixed-methods investigation consisted of two studies. The first involved interviews with 19 participants who had previously attended a 'high-dose' psilocybin retreat, systematically exploring their preparation behaviours and perspectives on the proposed intervention. The second study engaged 28 attendees of an ongoing psilocybin retreat in co-design workshops, refining the intervention protocol using insights from the initial interviews. The outcome is a co-produced 21-day digital course (Digital Intervention for Psychedelic Preparation (DIPP)), that is organised into four modules: Knowledge-Expectation, Psychophysical-Readiness, Safety-Planning, and Intention-Preparation. Fundamental components of the course include daily meditation practice, supplementary exercises tied to the weekly modules, and mood tracking. DIPP provides a comprehensive and scalable solution to enhance psychedelic preparedness, aligning with the broader shift towards digital mental health interventions.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-02-18", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-54642-4", "pubmed_id": "38374177", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54642-4", "keywords": "Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Computer science, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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McAlpine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-0655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101555176\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew D. Sacchet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-5237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070434156\",\"display_name\":\"Otto Simonsson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-7566\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112867038\",\"display_name\":\"Maisha M. Khan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018055803\",\"display_name\":\"Katarina Krajnović\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093322466\",\"display_name\":\"Larisa Morometescu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068746186\",\"display_name\":\"Sunjeev K. Kamboj\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-0826\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54642-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391926727" }, { "id": 4673, "title": "NIDA: Psilocybin mushroom seizures rose significantly", "normalized_title": "nida psilocybin mushroom seizures rose significantly", "authors": "Alison Knopf", "abstract": "A National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded study published in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence titled “National and Regional Trends in Seizures of Shrooms (Psilocybin) in the United States, 2017-2022” reported a significant increase in law enforcement seizures of psilocybin mushrooms, also known as “magic mushrooms” or “shrooms,” in the United States from January 2017 to December 2022. The study is based on data from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy's (ONDCP) High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program, which tracks law enforcement seizures in hotspots across the country. Key findings include:", "journal": "Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly", "publication_date": "2024-02-15", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1002/adaw.34037", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adaw.34037", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Rose (mathematics), Mushroom, Medicine, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Horticulture, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Biology, Food science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391885116\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391885116\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080385726\",\"display_name\":\"Alison Knopf\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S949736260\",\"source_display_name\":\"Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adaw.34037\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391885116" }, { "id": 4675, "title": "Tryptamine Derivatives of Norpsilocin Induce Psychedelic-Like Responses in Mice", "normalized_title": "tryptamine derivatives of norpsilocin induce psychedelic like responses in mice", "authors": "Dirk Trauner, Kenny Calderon-Godinez", "abstract": "Key words psilocin - psilocybin - norpsilocin Publication History Article published online: 14 February 2024 © 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany", "journal": "Synfacts", "publication_date": "2024-02-13", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1055/s-0043-1773080", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1773080", "keywords": "Tryptamine, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391804622\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391804622\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042433434\",\"display_name\":\"Dirk Trauner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-6056\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5095690336\",\"display_name\":\"Kenny Calderon-Godinez\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S135102583\",\"source_display_name\":\"Synfacts\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1773080\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391804622" }, { "id": 1228, "title": "The Effects of Psychedelics on Neuronal Physiology.", "normalized_title": "the effects of psychedelics on neuronal physiology", "authors": "Hatzipantelis CJ, Olson DE", "abstract": "Psychedelics are quite unique among drugs that impact the central nervous system, as a single administration of a psychedelic can both rapidly alter subjective experience in profound ways and produce sustained effects on circuits relevant to mood, fear, reward, and cognitive flexibility. These remarkable properties are a direct result of psychedelics interacting with several key neuroreceptors distributed across the brain. Stimulation of these receptors activates a variety of signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in changes in neuronal structure and function. Here, we describe the effects of psychedelics on neuronal physiology, highlighting their acute effects on serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission as well as their long-lasting effects on structural and functional neuroplasticity in the cortex. We propose that the neurobiological changes leading to the acute and sustained effects of psychedelics might be distinct, which could provide opportunities for engineering compounds with optimized safety and efficacy profiles.", "journal": "Annual review of physiology", "publication_date": "2024-02-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-020923", "pubmed_id": "37931171", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37931171/", "keywords": "5-HT2A receptor, DMT, LSD, hallucinogen, neuroplasticity, psilocybin, psychedelic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:37", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"37931171\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 764, "title": "Psychedelic Microdosing among Young Adults from Southern California", "normalized_title": "psychedelic microdosing among young adults from southern california", "authors": "Alyssa F. Harlow, Peter S. Hendricks, Adam M. Leventhal, Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis", "abstract": "Despite common depictions in the media, there is little scientific evidence on microdosing psychedelic drugs. We assessed awareness, prevalence, and dosing practices of microdosing psychedelic drugs among young adults 18-22 years old from Southern California (2018-2019). We examined whether sociodemographic factors, personality traits, mental health, or other substance use behaviors were correlated with having ever microdosed. Among 2,396 participants, 293 (12%) had heard of microdosing and 74 (3%) ever microdosed. Among those who had heard of microdosing, 79% correctly defined microdosing as taking an amount of a psychedelic much lower than a standard dose, whereas 15% misperceived microdosing as a standard psychedelic dose. Psilocybin was the most common drug ever microdosed (70%), followed by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 57%). Among those who ever microdosed, ~18% reported using psychoactive doses far higher than would be generally considered a microdose. White race, male/masculine gender identity, bisexual identity, past 6-month other drug use, greater attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, mindfulness, and sensation-seeking were positively associated with having ever microdosed in multivariable models. Young adult microdosing merits further attention from scientific and public health professionals to help prevent misperceptions and potential adverse consequences as well as explore its potential therapeutic applications.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2024-02-09", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2024.2313684", "pubmed_id": "38341607", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2313684", "keywords": "Medicine, Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Adverse effect, Hallucinogen, Young adult, Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Pharmacology, Gerontology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391734692\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391734692\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1964930089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983179387\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988574431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085957165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099917845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125568653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127662631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2315207768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320014914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474329551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559994128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794332111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899744143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903300049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909324234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914304582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944038128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981686921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990240756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996366481\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002125030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007315114\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086689250\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087672006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153987748\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211842562\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200369187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205701940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220885585\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247571236\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280579129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292410066\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296163279\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307201625\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318754695\",\"https://openalex.org/W7037989110\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040012464\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa F. Harlow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-6988\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004506349\",\"display_name\":\"Peter S. Hendricks\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073475150\",\"display_name\":\"Adam M. Leventhal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-525X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051709450\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-0326\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2313684\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Personality Change", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391734692" }, { "id": 1232, "title": "Psilocybin-induced changes in neural reactivity to alcohol and emotional cues in patients with alcohol use disorder: an fMRI pilot study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced changes in neural reactivity to alcohol and emotional cues in patients with alcohol use disorder an fmri pilot study", "authors": "Broc A. Pagni, Petros Petridis, Samantha K. Podrebarac, Jack Grinband, Eric D. Claus, Michael P. Bogenschutz", "abstract": "This pilot study investigated psilocybin-induced changes in neural reactivity to alcohol and emotional cues in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Participants were recruited from a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) for the treatment of AUD (NCT02061293). Eleven adult patients completed task-based blood oxygen dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approximately 3 days before and 2 days after receiving 25 mg of psilocybin (n = 5) or 50 mg of diphenhydramine (n = 6). Visual alcohol and emotionally valanced (positive, negative, or neutral) stimuli were presented in block design. Across both alcohol and emotional cues, psilocybin increased activity in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and left caudate, and decreased activity in the insular, motor, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices, and cerebellum. Unique to negative cues, psilocybin increased supramarginal gyrus activity; unique to positive cues, psilocybin increased right hippocampus activity and decreased left hippocampus activity. Greater PFC and caudate engagement and concomitant insula, motor, and cerebellar disengagement suggests enhanced goal-directed action, improved emotional regulation, and diminished craving. The robust changes in brain activity observed in this pilot study warrant larger neuroimaging studies to elucidate neural mechanisms of PAT.Trial registration: NCT02061293.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-02-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-52967-8", "pubmed_id": "38326432", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52967-8", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, Insula, Prefrontal cortex, Insular cortex, Neuroscience, Supramarginal gyrus, Cue reactivity, Placebo, Craving, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Audiology, Psychiatry, Cognition, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Addiction, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391617258\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391617258\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":30,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1537830243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1551563638\",\"https://openalex.org/W1748789401\",\"https://openalex.org/W1877246726\",\"https://openalex.org/W1904438620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973405277\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980922993\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989639419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001085696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021766151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036916152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057001461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089857263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099074431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099874219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127072016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143015721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166830183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168644177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2207035985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419514871\",\"https://openalex.org/W2491859250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589497105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607392223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757054309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788524689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797159874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2811003861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901147525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917059423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963869287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973804274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998095219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999392149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003115225\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015606165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3037953639\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047771476\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081523185\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094915720\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138429576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152573407\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153655268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157968247\",\"https://openalex.org/W3167170061\",\"https://openalex.org/W3170289327\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177324030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202537739\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206394956\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206978423\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210944481\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286418687\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307093712\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307554429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312019342\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379383539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380442223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386126549\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066934485\",\"display_name\":\"Broc A. Pagni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-7604\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042534014\",\"display_name\":\"Petros Petridis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7608-5723\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082919402\",\"display_name\":\"Samantha K. Podrebarac\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066820418\",\"display_name\":\"Jack Grinband\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-6755\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080067027\",\"display_name\":\"Eric D. Claus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-0813\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52967-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391617258" }, { "id": 1231, "title": "Psychedelics and sexual functioning: a mixed-methods study", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and sexual functioning a mixed methods study", "authors": "Tommaso Barba, Hannes Kettner, Caterina Radu, Joseph Peill, Leor Roseman, David Nutt, David Erritzøe, Robin Carhart-Harris, Bruna Giribaldi", "abstract": "Do psychedelics affect sexual functioning postacutely? Anecdotal and qualitative evidence suggests they do, but this has never been formally tested. While sexual functioning and satisfaction are generally regarded as an important aspect of human wellbeing, sexual dysfunction is a common symptom of mental health disorders. It is also a common side effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a first line treatment for depression. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the post-acute effects of psychedelics on self-reported sexual functioning, combining data from two independent studies, one large and naturalistic and the other a smaller but controlled clinical trial. Naturalistic use of psychedelics was associated with improvements in several facets of sexual functioning and satisfaction, including improved pleasure and communication during sex, satisfaction with one's partner and physical appearance. Convergent results were found in a controlled trial of psilocybin therapy versus an SSRI, escitalopram, for depression. In this trial, patients treated with psilocybin reported positive changes in sexual functioning after treatment, while patients treated with escitalopram did not. Despite focusing on different populations and settings, this is the first research study to quantitively investigate the effects of psychedelics on sexual functioning. Results imply a potential positive effect on post-acute sexual functioning and highlight the need for more research on this.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-02-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-49817-4", "pubmed_id": "38326446", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49817-4", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Clinical psychology, Psilocybin, Psychology, Sexual dysfunction, Sexual desire, Psychiatry, Sexual orientation, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Hallucinogen, Human sexuality, Sociology, Social psychology, Gender studies, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Barba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-4628\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002649940\",\"display_name\":\"Caterina Radu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6386-8857\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089523890\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Peill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-4617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49817-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391630740" }, { "id": 1235, "title": "Patient perspectives and experiences with psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a qualitative study", "normalized_title": "patient perspectives and experiences with psilocybin treatment for treatment resistant depression a qualitative study", "authors": "Joost J. Breeksema, Alistair Niemeijer, Erwin Krediet, T.L. Karsten, Jeanine Kamphuis, Eric Vermetten, Wim van den Brink, Robert A. Schoevers", "abstract": "Psilocybin is the most researched classic psychedelic for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). While optimizing set and setting are considered essential for efficacy and safety, patient perspectives on these aspects have rarely been investigated. To address this knowledge gap, the current paper explored the experiences of 11 TRD patients (8 women, 3 men) participating in a double-blind randomized clinical trial with a single session of oral (1, 10 or 25 mg) psilocybin treatment. After qualitative analysis, three major themes were identified: (1) challenges with trust-building and expectation management; (2) navigating the experience; and (3) the need for a more comprehensive treatment. Subthemes of the first theme include a general distrust in mental healthcare, trust in study therapists, limited time for preparation, and managing expectations. The second theme included the following subthemes: trusting to surrender, profound and overwhelming experiences, and music as a guide. The third theme addressed a desire for multiple psilocybin sessions, and challenges with sensemaking. Patients' perspectives provided important insights into potential optimization of psilocybin treatment of TRD, including individualized preparation, investment in trust-building, offering additional psilocybin sessions, providing access to sustained (psycho)therapy with trusted therapists, and personalizing treatment approaches, which may also enhance real-world adaption of these treatments.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2024-02-04", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-53188-9", "pubmed_id": "38316896", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53188-9", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Distrust, Psychotherapist, Qualitative research, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Sociology, Social science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391540455\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391540455\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":49,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1784519638\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003976001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029087690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044661514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106030064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116639785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138664283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171340584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2331393505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2502147470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2520334349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626493232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788181968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789340345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793096639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954134279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981767691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2997219409\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049156731\",\"https://openalex.org/W3052679762\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082721315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095953401\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3148252514\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154641856\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193440797\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200016418\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205765055\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206130674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214898817\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283719838\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293194637\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302773366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4303509980\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307426414\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310044456\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318393298\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320491739\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361248485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090242296\",\"display_name\":\"Joost J. Breeksema\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-4610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084276313\",\"display_name\":\"Alistair Niemeijer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-7930\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083050291\",\"display_name\":\"Erwin Krediet\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035856925\",\"display_name\":\"T.L. Karsten\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016694325\",\"display_name\":\"Jeanine Kamphuis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040746759\",\"display_name\":\"Eric Vermetten\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-4404\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071695786\",\"display_name\":\"Wim van den Brink\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-0121\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026480246\",\"display_name\":\"Robert A. Schoevers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-9866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53188-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391540455" }, { "id": 673, "title": "Psilocybin-enhanced fear extinction linked to bidirectional modulation of cortical ensembles", "normalized_title": "psilocybin enhanced fear extinction linked to bidirectional modulation of cortical ensembles", "authors": "Rogers SA, Heller EA, Corder G.", "abstract": "The serotonin 2 receptor (5HT2R) agonist psilocybin displays rapid and persistent therapeutic efficacy across neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive inflexibility. However, the impact of psilocybin on patterns of neural activity underlying sustained changes in behavioral flexibility has not been characterized. To test the hypothesis that psilocybin enhances behavioral flexibility by altering activity in cortical neural ensembles, we performed longitudinal single-cell calcium imaging in the retrosplenial cortex across a five-day trace fear learning and extinction assay. A single dose of psilocybin induced ensemble turnover between fear learning and extinction days while oppositely modulating activity in fearand extinctionactive neurons. The acute suppression of fear-active neurons and delayed recruitment of extinction-active neurons were predictive of psilocybin-enhanced fear extinction. A computational model revealed that acute inhibition of fear-active neurons by psilocybin is sufficient to explain its neural and behavioral effects days later. These results align with our hypothesis and introduce a new mechanism involving the suppression of fear-active populations in the retrosplenial cortex.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-02-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.02.04.578811", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.04.578811", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR800731\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1176, "title": "Psychedelics for alzheimer's disease-related dementia: Unveiling therapeutic possibilities and pathways", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for alzheimer s disease related dementia unveiling therapeutic possibilities and pathways", "authors": "Jitendra Kumar Sinha, Anchal Trisal, Shampa Ghosh, Saurabh Gupta, Krishna Kumar Singh, Sung Soo Han, Madhumita Mahapatra, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid, Ali M. Abomughayedh, Abdulmajeed G. Almutary, Danish Iqbal, Rakesh Bhaskar, Prabhu Chandra Mishra, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Niraj Kumar Jha, Abhishek Kumar Singh", "abstract": "Psychedelics have traditionally been used for spiritual and recreational purposes, but recent developments in psychotherapy have highlighted their potential as therapeutic agents. These compounds, which act as potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) agonists, have been recognized for their ability to enhance neural plasticity through the activation of the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. However, the implications of these findings for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly dementia, have not been fully explored. In recent years, studies have revealed the modulatory and beneficial effects of psychedelics in the context of dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementia, which lacks a definitive cure. Psychedelics such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and Psilocybin have shown potential in mitigating the effects of this debilitating disease. These compounds not only target neurotransmitter imbalances but also act at the molecular level to modulate signalling pathways in AD, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway and the subsequent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and other autophagy regulators. Therefore, the controlled and dose-dependent administration of psychedelics represents a novel therapeutic intervention worth exploring and considering for the development of drugs for the treatment of AD-related dementia. In this article, we critically examined the literature that sheds light on the therapeutic possibilities and pathways of psychedelics for AD-related dementia. While this emerging field of research holds great promise, further studies are necessary to elucidate the long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal treatment protocols. Ultimately, the integration of psychedelics into the current treatment paradigm may provide a transformative approach for addressing the unmet needs of individuals living with AD-related dementia and their caregivers.", "journal": "Ageing Research Reviews", "publication_date": "2024-01-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.arr.2024.102211", "pubmed_id": "38307424", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102211", "keywords": "Dementia, Neuroscience, Psilocybin, Context (archaeology), Psychology, Disease, Alzheimer's disease, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Biology, Paleontology, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": 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Kumar Sinha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-6932\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070090624\",\"display_name\":\"Anchal Trisal\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001883869\",\"display_name\":\"Shampa Ghosh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-7216\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036512877\",\"display_name\":\"Saurabh Gupta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-0293\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5136525177\",\"display_name\":\"Krishna Kumar Singh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069474967\",\"display_name\":\"Sung Soo Han\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-2661\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040742570\",\"display_name\":\"Madhumita Mahapatra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-8516\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082334248\",\"display_name\":\"Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9663-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093703242\",\"display_name\":\"Ali M. Abomughayedh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023156336\",\"display_name\":\"Abdulmajeed G. Almutary\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-4130\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012824786\",\"display_name\":\"Danish Iqbal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-4226\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022288805\",\"display_name\":\"Rakesh Bhaskar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0181-6197\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102926639\",\"display_name\":\"Prabhu Chandra Mishra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-2009\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054173631\",\"display_name\":\"Saurabh Kumar Jha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-0755\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006548312\",\"display_name\":\"Niraj Kumar Jha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-4069\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113110349\",\"display_name\":\"Abhishek Kumar Singh\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S117312820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Ageing Research Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102211\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391451768" }, { "id": 1154, "title": "Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics a comparative review of efficacy safety pharmacokinetics and binding profile", "authors": "Holze F, Singh N, Liechti ME, D'Souza DC.", "abstract": "Psychedelic compounds, including psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), DMT (N,N -dimethyltryptamine), and 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), all of which are serotonin 2A receptor agonists, are being investigated as potential treatments. This review aims to summarize the current clinical research on these 4 compounds and mescaline to guide future research. Their mechanism(s) of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety were reviewed. While evidence for therapeutic indications, with the exception of psilocybin for depression, is still relatively scarce, we noted no differences in psychedelic effects beyond effect duration. Therefore, it remains unclear whether different receptor profiles contribute to the therapeutic potential of these compounds. More research is needed to differentiate these compounds in order to inform which compounds might be best for different therapeutic uses.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-01-31", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007", "pubmed_id": "38301886", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007", "keywords": "Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38301886\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1249, "title": "The Impact of Psilocybin on High Glucose/Lipid-Induced Changes in INS-1 Cell Viability and Dedifferentiation", "normalized_title": "the impact of psilocybin on high glucose lipid induced changes in ins 1 cell viability and dedifferentiation", "authors": "Esmaeel Ghasemi Gojani, Bo Wang, Dongping Li, Olga Kovalchuk, Igor Kovalchuk", "abstract": "Serotonin emerges as a pivotal factor influencing the growth and functionality of β-cells. Psilocybin, a natural compound derived from mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus, exerts agonistic effects on the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors, thereby mimicking serotonin’s behavior. This study investigates the potential impacts of psilocybin on β-cell viability, dedifferentiation, and function using an in vitro system. The INS-1 832/13 Rat Insulinoma cell line underwent psilocybin pretreatment, followed by exposure to high glucose-high lipid (HG-HL) conditions for specific time periods. After being harvested from treated cells, total transcript and cellular protein were utilized for further investigation. Our findings implied that psilocybin administration effectively mitigates HG-HL-stimulated β-cell loss, potentially mediated through the modulation of apoptotic biomarkers, which is possibly related to the mitigation of TXNIP, STAT-1, and STAT-3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, psilocybin exhibits the capacity to modulate the expression of key genes associated with β-cell dedifferentiation, including Pou5f1 and Nanog, indicating its potential in attenuating β-cell dedifferentiation. This research lays the groundwork for further exploration into the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in Type II diabetes intervention.", "journal": "Genes", "publication_date": "2024-01-28", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3390/genes15020183", "pubmed_id": "38397173", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020183", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Viability assay, Cell biology, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Biology, Cell, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Pancreatic function and diabetes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:35", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391314181\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391314181\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W354153163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966346152\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968322621\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974578104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000440562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006749039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029145065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036366230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051567027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056383938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058631154\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063720970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078864418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103667952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108400677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113131856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117574263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146019031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153134360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165266278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2512392388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558886845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749880090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2772123713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913344694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2936933003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944967982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968195232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993252030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3032722136\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082555410\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105170187\",\"https://openalex.org/W3119033173\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216146155\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211159471\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211187485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214930443\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221075013\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225854669\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307170534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311612482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382894979\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389794307\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063575688\",\"display_name\":\"Esmaeel Ghasemi Gojani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077002453\",\"display_name\":\"Bo Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-1938\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100779873\",\"display_name\":\"Dongping Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-9929\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015793767\",\"display_name\":\"Olga Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-8111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042868572\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-6928\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S194631498\",\"source_display_name\":\"Genes\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020183\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391314181" }, { "id": 4682, "title": "The Effects of Psilocybin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in THP-1 Human Macrophages", "normalized_title": "the effects of psilocybin on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in thp 1 human macrophages", "authors": "Esmaeel Ghasemi Gojani, Bo Wang, Dongping Li, Olga Kovalchuk, Igor Kovalchuk", "abstract": "Psilocybin, an innate compound produced by mushrooms belonging to the Psilocybe genus, is primarily known for its agonistic effects on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. This receptor’s functioning is involved in many neurological processes. In the context of this research, our primary aim was to comprehensively investigate the influence of psilocybin as a serotonin receptor agonist on the intricate cascade of events involved in THP-1 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). THP-1 monocyte cells were subjected to differentiation into macrophages through a controlled incubation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The next step involved the induction of an inflammatory response by exposing THP-1 macrophages to 500 ng/mL LPS for 4 h. Subsequently, we triggered the activation of the second phase of the NLRP3 inflammasome by introducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) immediately following LPS stimulation. Our findings have revealed a dose-dependent inverse correlation between psilocybin exposure and the production of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and proteins. Our work indicates that psilocybin likely mediates these responses by influencing key signaling pathways, including NF-κB, IL-6/TYK2/STAT3, and TYK2/STAT1.", "journal": "Psychoactives", "publication_date": "2024-01-27", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.3390/psychoactives3010004", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3010004", "keywords": "THP1 cell line, Lipopolysaccharide, Inflammation, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Immunology, Biology, Pharmacology, Cell culture, Genetics, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391340931\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391340931\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":12,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1971084572\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995941569\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996889745\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997903004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029913563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030865745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030866854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044227662\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048032544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076423355\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114587449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120049814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125382661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130989367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137444266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146578632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150367899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161143698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2522054313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2531441777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735527928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738971267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771472591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786987313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884445384\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885800801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886389978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954782052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968698979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993908729\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013864993\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081977832\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112344668\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226439324\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307170534\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324147331\",\"https://openalex.org/W4384521660\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386498184\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063575688\",\"display_name\":\"Esmaeel Ghasemi Gojani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077002453\",\"display_name\":\"Bo Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-1938\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100779876\",\"display_name\":\"Dongping Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-9326\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015793767\",\"display_name\":\"Olga Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-8111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042868572\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-6928\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387280156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychoactives\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3010004\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391340931" }, { "id": 3706, "title": "Comparative Acute Effects of LSD, Psilocybin and Mescaline in a Random-Order Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Healthy Subjects", "normalized_title": "comparative acute effects of lsd psilocybin and mescaline in a random order placebo controlled cross over study in healthy subjects", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "LSD, psilocybin and mescaline are widely used for recreational and ethnomedical purposes. All three substances are thought to induce prototypical psychedelic effects primarily via stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor. However, there are differences in the substances' molecular structures and receptor activation profiles which may induce differential subjective effects. To date, there are no modern studies comparing LSD, psilocybin and mescaline directly within the same clinical study and research subjects using validated psychometric tools. Therefore, the LPM-Study compares the acute effects of LSD, psilocybin, mescaline and placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period cross-over design with four treatment conditions: 1) 100 μg LSD, 2) 20 mg psilocybin, 3) 300 or 500 mg mescaline, and 4) placebo. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), psilocybin (the active substance in \"magic mushrooms\") and mescaline (the active substance in Peyote and San Pedro cacti) are serotonergic hallucinogens widely used for recreational and/or ethnomedical purposes. LSD, psilocybin and mescaline are thought to induce prototypical psychedelic effects primarily via stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor. However, there are differences in their molecular structures (LSD: ergoline, psilocybin: tryptamine; mescaline: phenethylamine)and receptor activation profiles which may induce different subjective effects. To date, there are no modern studies comparing these three substances directly within the same clinical study and research subjects using validated psychometric tools. Therefore, the LPM-Study compares the acute effects of LSD, psilocybin, mescaline and placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period cross-over design with four treatment conditions: 1) 100 μg LSD, 2) 20 mg psilocybin, 3) 300 or 500 mg mescaline, and 4) placebo. The main objective of this study is to determine whether LSD, psilocybin and mescaline produce qualitatively similar subjective alterations of mind and associated brain activity patterns despite their unique receptor activation profiles. The study investigates psychological (psychometry), physiological and neuronal (magnetic resonance imaging) variables. The LPM-Study provides insight into the acute effects profiles of three serotonergic hallucinogens. It will enhance the understanding of psychedelic-induced altered states of consciousness in humans and will be relevant for the fields of psychiatry, psychology, and forensic toxicology.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2024-01-23", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04227756", "keywords": "Healthy, LSD, Psilocybin, Mescaline, Placebo, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04227756\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Toxicity", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4685, "title": "Pharmacotherapy of Psychological Disorders Using Psychedelic Drugs: A Treatise for Psychiatrists", "normalized_title": "pharmacotherapy of psychological disorders using psychedelic drugs a treatise for psychiatrists", "authors": "Payal Ghosh, Debjeet Sur", "abstract": ": Psychedelics are currently being examined once more as potential remedies for untreatable biological illnesses after decades of research problems. They are frequently regarded to be physically safe and do not frequently lead to dependency or addiction. The use of psychedelic substances in the treatment of mental illness and the adoption of the Substance Act of 1970 has classified psychedelic drugs as Schedule I. The major objective of this review is to highlight the prospective use of specific psychedelic medicines, such as psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, and ayahuasca, in the treatment of various psychiatric conditions, such as treatment-resistant depression, post-traumatic traumatic stress, end-of-life anxiety, and substance misuse disorders. As documented from both animal and human studies, in addition, there will be a study of the effectiveness and safety. The body of research suggests that psychedelics may one day offer revolutionary treatments for mental diseases, contrary to conventional therapy. However, given their distinctive histories and a high potential for abuse with widespread distribution, more care and effort must be given to protect their use as efficient medical treatments instead of drugs of abuse.", "journal": "Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews", "publication_date": "2024-01-20", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.2174/0126660822258502231120074036", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822258502231120074036", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Addiction, MDMA, Substance abuse, Medicine, Psychology, Mental illness, Psychotherapist, Depression (economics), Mental health, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391067287\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391067287\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011204842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027968420\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036802268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053014389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054129965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330815024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2500514079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751131870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757917284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769124319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790184875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790275773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791671940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900730712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901185945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947995541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996549067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031742716\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038082671\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3095167357\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127399862\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160765419\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187445852\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4368356691\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101294629\",\"display_name\":\"Payal Ghosh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064096149\",\"display_name\":\"Debjeet Sur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-5156\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210198242\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126660822258502231120074036\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391067287" }, { "id": 4686, "title": "Psychedelics for mental health: a biochemical perspective", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for mental health a biochemical perspective", "authors": "Javier González-Maeso", "abstract": "Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), are psychoactive substances that induce alterations in cognition, perception and sensory processing. Studies in rodent models and healthy human volunteers highlight the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor’s pivotal role in mediating hallucinogenic effects. More recent findings indicate that psychedelics induce lasting effects on neuroplasticity in preclinical models and are currently undergoing testing for their potential therapeutic effects on psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety. Critical questions persist, such as the necessity of the ‘trip’ for therapeutic benefits or the obstacles in establishing valid placebo groups in psychedelic studies. Despite challenges, this information supports the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds in addressing mental disorders. However, more direct and mechanistic based preclinical studies are required to assess the extent to which this association is causal.", "journal": "The Biochemist", "publication_date": "2024-01-18", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1042/bio_2023_161", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_161", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mescaline, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Anxiety, Cognition, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391026101\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391026101\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210185094\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Biochemist\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_161\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391026101" }, { "id": 1242, "title": "Synthetic surprise as the foundation of the psychedelic experience", "normalized_title": "synthetic surprise as the foundation of the psychedelic experience", "authors": "Roberto De Filippo, Dietmar Schmitz", "abstract": "Psychedelic agents, such as LSD and psilocybin, induce marked alterations in consciousness via activation of the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2ARs). We hypothesize that psychedelics enforce a state of synthetic surprise through the biased activation of the 5-HTRs system. This idea is informed by recent insights into the role of 5-HT in signaling surprise. The effects on consciousness, explained by the cognitive penetrability of perception, can be described within the predictive coding framework where surprise corresponds to prediction error, the mismatch between predictions and actual sensory input. Crucially, the precision afforded to the prediction error determines its effect on priors, enabling a dynamic interaction between top-down expectations and incoming sensory data. By integrating recent findings on predictive coding circuitry and 5-HT2ARs transcriptomic data, we propose a biological implementation with emphasis on the role of inhibitory interneurons. Implications arise for the clinical use of psychedelics, which may rely primarily on their inherent capacity to induce surprise in order to disrupt maladaptive patterns.", "journal": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews", "publication_date": "2024-01-14", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105538", "pubmed_id": "38220035", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105538", "keywords": "Surprise, Perception, Consciousness, Psilocybin, Predictive coding, Computer science, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Coding (social sciences), Cognitive science, Communication, Hallucinogen, Mathematics, Psychiatry, Statistics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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De Filippo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-9114\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090979518\",\"display_name\":\"Dietmar Schmitz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2741-5241\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S170052170\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105538\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Drug Interactions,Transcriptomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390875269" }, { "id": 1212, "title": "Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins.", "normalized_title": "microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy comparison to known cardiotoxins", "authors": "Rouaud A, Calder AE, Hasler G.", "abstract": "Though microdosing psychedelics has become increasingly popular, its long-term effects on cardiac health remain unknown. Microdosing most commonly involves ingesting sub-threshold doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, or other psychedelic drugs 2-4 times a week for at least several weeks, but potentially months or years. Concerningly, both LSD and psilocybin share structural similarities with medications which raise the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy when taken regularly, including methysergide, pergolide, and fenfluramine. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, which is also reportedly used for microdosing, is likewise associated with heart valve damage when taken chronically. In this review, we evaluate the evidence that microdosing LSD, psilocybin, and other psychedelics for several months or more could raise the risk of cardiac fibrosis. We discuss the relationship between drug-induced cardiac fibrosis and the 5-HT2B receptor, and we make recommendations for evaluating the safety of microdosing psychedelics in future studies.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2024-01-11", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1177/02698811231225609", "pubmed_id": "38214279", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231225609", "keywords": "Humans, Fibrosis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Cardiotoxins, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38214279\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1213, "title": "Antidepressant-like effects of psychedelics in a chronic despair mouse model: is the 5-HT2A receptor the unique player?", "normalized_title": "antidepressant like effects of psychedelics in a chronic despair mouse model is the 5 ht2a receptor the unique player", "authors": "Mehdi Sekssaoui, Joël Bockaert, Philippe Marin, Carine Bécamel", "abstract": "Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders in the world. First-line treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) still have many limitations, including a resistance to treatment in 30% of patients and a delayed clinical benefit that is observed only after several weeks of treatment. Increasing clinical evidence indicates that the acute administration of psychedelic agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A R), such as psilocybin, to patients with MDD induce fast antidepressant effects, which persist up to five weeks after the treatment. However, the involvement of the 5-HT2A R in these antidepressant effects remains controversial. Furthermore, whether the hallucinogenic properties of 5-HT2A R agonists are mandatory to their antidepressant activity is still an open question. Here, we addressed these issues by investigating the effect of two psychedelics of different chemical families, DOI and psilocybin, and a non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A R agonist, lisuride, in a chronic despair mouse model exhibiting a robust depressive-like phenotype. We show that a single injection of each drug to wild type mice induces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in the novelty-suppressed feeding, sucrose preference and forced swim tests, which last up to 15 days. DOI and lisuride administration did not produce antidepressant-like effects in 5-HT2A −/− mice, whereas psilocybin was still effective. Moreover, neither 5-HT1A R blockade nor dopamine D1 or D2 receptor blockade affected the antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin in 5-HT2A −/− mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that 5-HT2A R agonists can produce antidepressant-like effects independently of hallucinogenic properties through mechanisms involving or not involving the receptor.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2024-01-10", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-024-01794-6", "pubmed_id": "38212441", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01794-6", "keywords": "Antidepressant, Psychology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390755783\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":75,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1903124221\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980872345\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001197969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014099101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043187808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046389275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064610136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2197078876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346390990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2500078920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808867953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2865698779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921561928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015709684\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126746878\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157088173\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194328776\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200055187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224254727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291162385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311982880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379382704\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387495509\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042872503\",\"display_name\":\"Mehdi Sekssaoui\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045863654\",\"display_name\":\"Joël Bockaert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-9529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062205416\",\"display_name\":\"Philippe Marin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-7274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035079972\",\"display_name\":\"Carine Bécamel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-681X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01794-6\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390755783" }, { "id": 1253, "title": "Psychedelic-like Activity of Norpsilocin Analogues", "normalized_title": "psychedelic like activity of norpsilocin analogues", "authors": "Alexander M. Sherwood, Elise K. Burkhartzmeyer, Samuel E. Williamson, Michael H. Baumann, Grant C. Glatfelter", "abstract": "High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Primary metabolites of mushroom tryptamines, psilocybin and baeocystin (i.e., psilocin and norpsilocin), exhibit potent agonist activity at the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A ) in vitro but differ in their 5-HT2A -mediated effects in vivo. In particular, psilocin produces centrally mediated psychedelic effects in vivo, whereas norpsilocin, differing only by the loss of an N -methyl group, is devoid of psychedelic-like effects. These observations suggest that the secondary methylamine group in norpsilocin impacts its central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability but not its receptor pharmacodynamics. To test this hypothesis, eight norpsilocin derivatives were synthesized with varied secondary alkyl-, allyl-, and benzylamine groups, primarily aiming to increase their lipophilicity and brain permeability. Structure-activity relationships for the norpsilocin analogues were evaluated using the mouse head-twitch response (HTR) as a proxy for CNS-mediated psychedelic-like effects. HTR studies revealed that extending the N -methyl group of norpsilocin by a single methyl group, to give the corresponding secondary N -ethyl analogue (4-HO-NET), was sufficient to produce psilocin-like activity (median effective dose or ED50 = 1.4 mg/kg). Notably, N -allyl, N -propyl, N -isopropyl, and N -benzyl derivatives also induced psilocin-like HTR activity (ED50 = 1.1-3.2 mg/kg), with variable maximum effects (26-77 total HTR events). By contrast, adding bulkier tert -butyl or cyclohexyl groups in the same position did not elicit psilocin-like HTRs. Pharmacological assessments of the tryptamine series in vitro demonstrated interactions with multiple serotonin receptor subtypes, including 5-HT2A, and other CNS signaling proteins (e.g., sigma receptors). Overall, our data highlight key structural requirements for CNS-mediated psychedelic-like effects of norpsilocin analogues.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-01-07", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00610", "pubmed_id": "38189238", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00610", "keywords": "Chemistry, In vivo, Pharmacology, Stereochemistry, Agonist, 5-HT1A receptor, DNQX, Receptor, AMPA receptor, Serotonin, Biochemistry, NMDA receptor, 5-HT receptor, Biology, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390671187\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":18,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1649318184\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971513938\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987605560\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989654529\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991035020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010257486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013163713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035605319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042745003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055011448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099797657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101808966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119841955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122995608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127897921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141528038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152838323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312324544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312856833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2576763726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581696375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621905925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2775417640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789608017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794166569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804720343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898316404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910157234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953820227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999478951\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013214021\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082474640\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090675239\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107533476\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164491540\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225114051\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242882656\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288050717\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295755919\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319880457\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319936538\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029982811\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander M. Sherwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0791\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092114090\",\"display_name\":\"Elise K. Burkhartzmeyer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103079864\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel E. Williamson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0108-8764\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00610\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390671187" }, { "id": 3076, "title": "Psilocybin Promotes Cell-Type-Specific Changes in the Orbitofrontal Cortex Revealed by Single-Nucleus RNA-seq", "normalized_title": "psilocybin promotes cell type specific changes in the orbitofrontal cortex revealed by single nucleus rna seq", "authors": "Huang Z, Wei X, Wang Y, Tian J, Dong J, Liang B, Lu L, Zhang W.", "abstract": "Recent clinical breakthroughs hold great promise for the application of psilocybin in the treatments of psychological disorders, such as depression, addiction, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psilocybin is a psychedelic whose metabolite, psilocin, is a 5-HT2A receptor agonist. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms for the effects of psilocybin on the brain are not fully illustrated, and cell type-specific and circuit effects of psilocybin are not fully understood. Here, we combined single-nucleus RNA-seq with functional assays to study the long-term effects of psilocybin on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region vulnerable to psychological disorders such as depression. We showed that a single dose of psilocybin induced long-term genetic and functional changes in neurons of the OFC, and excitatory and inhibitory neurons collectively reduced circuit activity of the brain region. Knockdown of 5-HT2A receptor in deep layer excitatory neurons abated psilocybin-induced functional changes and the anti-depressant effect. Together, these results showed the cell type-specific mechanisms of psilocybin and shed light on the brain region difference in the effect of psychedelics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2024-01-06", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1101/2024.01.07.573163", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.07.573163", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR783465\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1223, "title": "Effect of a single psilocybin treatment on Fos protein expression in male rat brain", "normalized_title": "effect of a single psilocybin treatment on fos protein expression in male rat brain", "authors": "Douglas Funk, Joseph A. Araujo, Malik Slassi, James Lanthier, Jason Atkinson, Daniel Feng, Winnie Lau, Anh Lê, Guy A. Higgins", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2024-01-03", "publication_year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.001", "pubmed_id": "38184069", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.001", "keywords": "Amygdala, Neuroscience, Psilocybin, Nucleus accumbens, Locus coeruleus, Psychology, Neuroplasticity, Central nucleus of the amygdala, Immediate early gene, Hallucinogen, Biology, Central nervous system, Gene expression, Psychiatry, Gene, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390590130\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390590130\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1838981072\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844018320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972822274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997725798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001002106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001116453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020132867\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046152571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072268612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080894664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081907244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087317982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092354644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093159894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109414445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163815564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2208233562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2510803292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2609198889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794203066\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901281873\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903612477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2939463158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991161106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991636170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011912966\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125697614\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161142633\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211061444\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200055187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200373216\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211131282\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214937728\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308485018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308768859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315620578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362596352\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638985061\",\"https://openalex.org/W6687880710\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064960128\",\"display_name\":\"Douglas Funk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103487535\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph A. Araujo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058420709\",\"display_name\":\"Malik Slassi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093654100\",\"display_name\":\"James Lanthier\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059854557\",\"display_name\":\"Jason Atkinson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111106522\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Feng\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045921351\",\"display_name\":\"Winnie Lau\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020779526\",\"display_name\":\"Anh Lê\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-8781\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027303286\",\"display_name\":\"Guy A. Higgins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-8697\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S30122339\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.001\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390590130" }, { "id": 4722, "title": "Psilocybin’s Role in Major Depressive Disorder: A Scoping Review", "normalized_title": "psilocybin s role in major depressive disorder a scoping review", "authors": "Barajas, Carlos", "abstract": "Psilocybe cubensis are a group of mushrooms containing psilocybin with a history of consumption dating back to ancient civilization. Researchers believe the ritual use of psilocybin dates back 3,000 years amongst the indigenous people of Mexico and Central America.1 Psilocybin is responsible for the effects associated with the consumption of “Magic Mushrooms”. These effects include hallucinations, delusions, and feelings of derealization. 2 In 1973, the United States federal government classified psilocybin as a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substance Act, and today the DEA continues to identify the chemical as “high potential for abuse” with “no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States”. 3,4 Current legislation, along with a perceived stigma surrounding psilocybin, has restricted researchers’ ability to investigate the therapeutic potential of this compound. However, in recent years there has been increased funding and research related to the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and other psychedelics, highlighted by the creation of the Center for Psychedelic Consciousness Research at John Hopkins in 2019.5 Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of depression has risen by 25% globally, affecting approximately 175 million individuals, the majority dealing with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).6 The first-line therapy for patients with MDD include the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) escitalopram and sertraline. In the event a patient fails treatment through two pharmacological interventions, their depression disorder is considered Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD).6 Although difficult to know the true number of individuals with TRD, it is estimated that about 30% of the population with MDD fit the description of TRD.7 Current approved treatment for TRD include intranasal esketamine (Spravato), second generation antipsychotics, and olanzapine-fluoxetine. 7 Alternative therapeutic interventions are necessary for the treatment of patients with TRD. Psilocybin may provide potential therapeutic benefits for MDD/TRD. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the therapeutic benefits, safety, and mechanism of psilocybin in MDD/TRD.", "journal": "Digital Commons - George Fox University (George Fox University)", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmsc/31", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Population, Psychology, Depression (economics), Feeling, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Government (linguistics), Substance use, Public health, Mental health, Consumption (sociology), Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Escitalopram, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110533292\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110533292\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Barajas, Carlos\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196430\",\"source_display_name\":\"Digital Commons - George Fox University (George Fox University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmsc/31\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7110533292" }, { "id": 4721, "title": "RAPIDLY TRADING DOWN DEPRESSION'S3 PILLARS TO 5HT3-RECEPTORS THROUGH ECT OR PSILOCYBIN?", "normalized_title": "rapidly trading down depression s3 pillars to 5ht3 receptors through ect or psilocybin", "authors": "R.S. Treviranus, Gottfried", "abstract": "", "journal": "University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.24869/psyd.2024.134", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://hrcak.srce.hr/327222", "keywords": "Business, Economics, Finance, Actuarial science, Government (linguistics), High-frequency trading, Work (physics), Payment, Order (exchange), Investment (military), Gambling Behavior and Treatments, Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110263788\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W7110263788\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"R.S. Treviranus, Gottfried\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400071\",\"source_display_name\":\"University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://hrcak.srce.hr/327222\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7110263788" }, { "id": 4709, "title": "Insights into the serotonergic mechanisms of psilocybin-induced improvements in anorexia-like behaviour in female rats", "normalized_title": "insights into the serotonergic mechanisms of psilocybin induced improvements in anorexia like behaviour in female rats", "authors": "Kyna-Anne Conn, Laura K Milton, Kaixin Huang, Hermany Munguba, Jaana Ruuska, Mónica Lemus, Erin Greaves, Jihane Homman-Ludiye, Brian J. Oldfield, Claire J. Foldi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104774", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104774", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Anorexia, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Serotonin, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405621760\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405621760\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016384733\",\"display_name\":\"Kyna-Anne Conn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-7885\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010010872\",\"display_name\":\"Laura K Milton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1664-8337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061059143\",\"display_name\":\"Kaixin Huang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-7947\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044072275\",\"display_name\":\"Hermany Munguba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-8423\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082127649\",\"display_name\":\"Jaana Ruuska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015404689\",\"display_name\":\"Mónica Lemus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-3020\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045433632\",\"display_name\":\"Erin Greaves\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-5851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039407232\",\"display_name\":\"Jihane Homman-Ludiye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-1457\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041876284\",\"display_name\":\"Brian J. Oldfield\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-6589\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003584852\",\"display_name\":\"Claire J. Foldi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-8242\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104774\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405621760" }, { "id": 4705, "title": "Government-funded trial will test psilocybin as treatment for opioid use disorder", "normalized_title": "government funded trial will test psilocybin as treatment for opioid use disorder", "authors": "", "abstract": "A “UK first” trial will investigate whether psilocybin - the active ingredient in ‘magic mushrooms’ - can help prevent relapse in people recovering from opioid addiction. The psilocybin study, led by researchers at Imperial College London, will involve 28 participants who have recently undergone detoxification from ‘street’ opioids. Participants will receive psilocybin therapy at the […]", "journal": "Pharmaceutical journal/˜The œpharmaceutical journal", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1211/pj.2024.1.335169", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1211/pj.2024.1.335169", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Test (biology), Government (linguistics), Opioid, Psychiatry, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Internal medicine, Biology, Paleontology, Receptor, Linguistics, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403684433\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4403684433\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80542161\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmaceutical journal/˜The œpharmaceutical journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1211/pj.2024.1.335169\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403684433" }, { "id": 4703, "title": "Psilocybin may be as effective as escitalopram in treating depression, study suggests", "normalized_title": "psilocybin may be as effective as escitalopram in treating depression study suggests", "authors": "", "abstract": "Psilocybin could be as effective as escitalopram - a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) - in treating depressive symptoms, a study has found. A systematic review and network meta-analysis, published in the BMJ on 21 August 2024, looked at 19 placebo-controlled studies of oral monotherapy with either psychedelics (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, MDMA and ayahuasca) […]", "journal": "Pharmaceutical journal/˜The œpharmaceutical journal", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1211/pj.2024.1.327949", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2024.1.327949", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Medicine, Psychotherapist, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401813485\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4401813485\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80542161\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmaceutical journal/˜The œpharmaceutical journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2024.1.327949\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401813485" }, { "id": 4700, "title": "Psychedelics: The New Kid on the Block", "normalized_title": "psychedelics the new kid on the block", "authors": "Prosenjit Ghosh, Avinash Desousa", "abstract": "HISTORY In the early part of twentieth century, these molecules were known as psychotomimetics, meaning that they create a state similar to psychosis. Later on, they were also termed as hallucinogens, but psychedelics usually do not cause hallucinations at a therapeutic dose. The name psychedelics for these substances was first given by Osmond in 1957, meaning that they reveal useful or beneficial properties of the mind.[1] However, the idea that psychedelics can have beneficial effects has had mixed response till recently among the medical fraternity. Psychedelics strictly mean substances that alter perception, mood, and consciousness by acting on brain 5-HT2A receptors mainly as an agonist in the layer 5 of pyramidal cells in the cortex. This definition excludes other agents such as cannabinoids, dissociative agents such as ketamine, and entactogens such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, although all of them may cause hallucination, but their mechanism of action is different. The classic serotonin psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) cause brain processes that are significantly different compared with normal consciousness[2] mainly by reducing between-network synchrony and increasing the connectivity between brain networks. These changes in integrative functions of the brain may be demonstrated using investigations such as electroencephalography (EEG)/magnetoencephalography synchrony (decreased) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity (increased).[2] The effect on brain connectivity is long lasting and may persist for months after single use. Contrary to popular belief, psychedelics do not produce physical dependence or withdrawal on repeated use. PSYCHEDELICS AS TREATMENT Use of plant-based psychedelics like psilocybin or eyote in religious/ritualistic practices has an ancient history particularly in the American continent.[3] Psilocybin mushrooms were used by the Aztec shaman in healing and in a variety of religious rituals. Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a small cactus found mainly in the South America and Northern Mexico that has been used since ancient times and is consumed as a sacrament during services of the Native American Church. Psychedelics are an exceptional category of mind-altering substances and has been in use in various cultures as Sacrament.[4,5] In this regard, Jaffe[6] has given a highly revered definition of psychedelics “…The feature that distinguishes the psychedelic agents from other classes of drug is their capacity reliably to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise except in dreams or at times of religious exaltation.” Psychedelics played a substantial role in defining the youth culture of the 1960s and 1970s. The powerful psychological effect of LSD was accidently discovered in 1943 by Hofmann,[7] after 10 years of LSD discovery the detection of serotonin in the mammalian brain was done by Twarog and Page in 1953.[8] The discovery of LSD has greatly influenced the research in the field of Serotonin Neuroscience. One of the eminent LSD researchers[8] noted that “…One basic dimension of behavior… compellingly revealed in LSD states is “Portentousness” which is the capacity of the mind to see more than it can tell…. to believe in more than it can rationally justify, to experience boundlessness and “Boundaryless” events, from the banal to the profound.” The word entheogen has been coined as a substitute for psychedelic to reduce the negative overtone. The word entheogen usually means a substance or material that generates God or the divine within someone. However, the effects produced by psychedelics are highly dependent on the set (mental expectation) of the user and the setting (environment).[9] RESEARCH WITH PSYCHEDELICS The initial research into psychedelics was done by the American and European physicians with peyote (Mescaline). Mescaline was identified in 1894 by the German chemist Arthur Heffter, then synthesized in 1919 by the Austrian chemist Ernst Späth. This opened the gate for Medical Research in psychedelics in North America and Europe. As early as in 1934, French psychiatrists Henri Claude suggested the possibility of using mescaline for the treatment of depression.[10] The discovery of the effects of the LSD in 1943 and the rediscovery of Mexican divinatory mushrooms in 1953 led to extensive medical research on psychedelics.[11] However, by 1960s, the research in psychedelics drastically declined due to various factors like anti-war demonstration by so-called hippies who used to abuse LSD, rejection of conventional social norms by adolescents and college students, public hysteria concerning drug-induced insanity, and experiments conducted at a renowned US university without institutional approval.[12] Interestingly, since the late 1980s, there was a gradual increasing interest in psychedelics with numerous publications in the field of neurobiology and neuroscience of psychedelics, which has been termed as “Psychedelic renaissance.”[13] Initial clinical trials focused on the benefits of psilocybin to reduce anxiety and improve the mood of patients with cancer.[14] In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, they investigated the effects of a very low dose (1 or 3 mg/70 kg) versus a high dose (22 or 30 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin administered in counterbalanced sequence with 5 weeks between sessions and a 6-month follow-up in 51 cancer patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety. High-dose psilocybin produced large decreases in measures of depressed mood and anxiety, improved quality of life, increased optimism, and decreases in death anxiety. At 6-month follow-up, these changes were maintained, with about 80% of participants continuing to show clinically significant decreases in depressed mood and anxiety.[14] Many researchers have tested psychedelics in conjunction with psychotherapy for the treatment of anxiety and depression. A study compared psilocybin with escitalopram over a 6-week period in patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder in a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 59 patients were enrolled: 30 were assigned to the psilocybin group and 29 to the escitalopram group. All the subjects received psychotherapy. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the score on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report. At the end of 6 weeks, there was no significant difference in the antidepressant effects between escitalopram and psilocybin.[15] In a recent double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression, a single dose of ayahuasca was compared against placebo.[16] Improvement in depression was assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating scale at baseline, at 1, 2, and 7 days after dosing. Significant antidepressant effects of ayahuasca were seen when compared with placebo at all-time points. Ayahuasca is a brew that contains the psychedelic DMT and Harmine (RMAOi). This was a unique study which assessed the efficacy of a single-dose psychedelic in treatment-resistant depressed patients. Researchers have also investigated the effects of psilocybin in addiction disorders. Researchers conducted a proof-of-concept study to assess the effects of psilocybin in alcohol-dependent participants. Ten volunteers received orally administered psilocybin in one or two supervised sessions along with Motivational Enhancement Therapy. Abstinence increased significantly following psilocybin administration (P < 0.05) and was maintained at follow-up to 36 weeks. The magnitude of effects in the first psilocybin session also predicted decreases in craving. There were no significant treatment-related adverse events.[17] Since DMT can induce a rapid (3-5 min) intense altered state of consciousness with a sense of being transported to an alternative world, without any disturbances in wakefulness which subsides within 15-20 min, it is a very useful molecule to study consciousness. In a recent landmark study, they assessed the effects of single bolus dose of 20 mg intravenous DMT on human brain by doing simultaneous fMRI and EEG before (8 min prior), during, and after the DMT dose (20 min) on 20 healthy volunteers in a within group placebo controlled, pseudo-randomized setting. The fMRI results correlated with significant increases in global functional connectivity, network disintegration, and desegregation. DMT was associated with decrease modularity, especially for frontoparietal, salience, and default-mode networks. Analyses of EEG activity revealed widespread decreases in alpha under DMT and increases in both delta and gamma bands. The major finding of the study was dysregulation of activity in the brain’s transmodal association cortex pole (TOP), so that TOP becomes less segregated from or more integrated with the rest of the cortex. This implies that brain functions mainly in entropic mode under psychedelics which may be the reason for their distinct phenomenology. This multimodal, multivariate EEG-fMRI study with DMT revealed a robust dysregulating effect on activity in the brain’s TOP with increased communication between the TOP of the cortex and the rest of the brain. This may be interpreted as evidence of increased information processing and a hyper-associative style of cognition.[18] Researchers performed a scientometric analysis to assess the research trend on psychedelics over a period of 100 years. A scientometric approach objectively maps the scientific knowledge area and shows how research trends have evolved over time which is superior to bibliometric analysis. Total 31,867 documents cumulating 591,329 references from 2809 different sources in 22 different languages were found, with 95.5% being in English. The analysis revealed reveals two essential time periods. The first time period was from early 1900 to 1990 with maximum 171 articles in 1974. The second time period from 1990 to date presents consistently increasing trend of publications, from 190 publications in 1990 to 1538 in 2021. The topmost cited study was the randomised controlled trial of psilocybin use for life-threatening cancer patients with depression by Solmi et al. with depression was published in 2016. The research network analysis found 16,162 institutions, the top three institutions with highest number of publications were University of California (n = 929), the National Institutes of Health USA (n = 770), and the University of London (n = 740). The important trend saw an evolution from LSD effects to the therapeutic potential psilocybin and DMT.[19] Evidence has been accumulating on the efficacy of psychedelics in depression, several phase 2 trials have shown very promising results; both ayahuasca[20] and psilocybin[21] were superior to placebo, and psilocybin was comparable to escitalopram. Other than depression and anxiety new randomized controlled trials are ongoing to evaluate psychedelics in anorexia nervosa.[22] Interestingly, psychedelics seem to reduce the gap between pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, using the effects of the pharmacological intervention as a key to enhance psychotherapy.[23] CONCLUSIONS The use of psychedelics in otherwise treatment refractory conditions is perhaps the most promising development in Psychiatry. Multiple phase II and III clinical trials have proven the efficacy of psychedelics particularly Psilocybin in various mental and physical conditions like depression, addictions, anxiety, anorexia nervosa, and pain. Psychedelics are also a good adjunct to psychotherapy. If used responsibly and with proper caution the psychedelics may revolutionize the field of psychopharmacology. With the approval of esketamine in depression, it may not be too far when psilocybin will also be used in patients with various mental health conditions. The ethical and legal ramifications of the same will also have to be looked into and stringent guidelines will have to laid out.", "journal": "Annals of Indian Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.4103/aip.aip_195_23", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_195_23", "keywords": "Block (permutation group theory), Psychology, Art, Mathematics, Combinatorics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392949566\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392949566\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1576430329\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983350514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012162755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068852619\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2432955708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964775179\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005218696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195587140\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230167918\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298055464\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327914778\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101822890\",\"display_name\":\"Prosenjit Ghosh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-6096\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111029989\",\"display_name\":\"Avinash Desousa\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210193936\",\"source_display_name\":\"Annals of Indian Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_195_23\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Eating Disorders,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Adolescents,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392949566" }, { "id": 4699, "title": "Exploring the molecular basis of treatment-resistant depression: Discoveries from a rat model and psilocybin therapy", "normalized_title": "exploring the molecular basis of treatment resistant depression discoveries from a rat model and psilocybin therapy", "authors": "Agata Korlatowicz, Katarzyna Latocha, Paulina Pabian, Ryszard Bugno, Adam S. Hogendorf, Tamás Kovács, Andrzej J. Bojarski, Zoltán V. Varga, Agata Faron-Górecka", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104020", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104020", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Treatment-resistant depression, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Basis (linear algebra), Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Major depressive disorder, Mathematics, Economics, Cognition, Macroeconomics, Geometry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Mental Health Research Topics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392405867\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392405867\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073055765\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Korlatowicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-3143\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023980590\",\"display_name\":\"Katarzyna Latocha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7146-6922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010694343\",\"display_name\":\"Paulina Pabian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-5318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006523340\",\"display_name\":\"Ryszard Bugno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-674X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034604911\",\"display_name\":\"Adam S. Hogendorf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-3266\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101605265\",\"display_name\":\"Tamás Kovács\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-4545\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025399512\",\"display_name\":\"Andrzej J. Bojarski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-6333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059550755\",\"display_name\":\"Zoltán V. Varga\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-0784\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027636060\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Faron-Górecka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-190X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104020\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392405867" }, { "id": 2008, "title": "Pharmacological characterization of psilocin affinity towards different 5-HT receptors and receptor regulation after psilocybin administration in pigs", "normalized_title": "pharmacological characterization of psilocin affinity towards different 5 ht receptors and receptor regulation after psilocybin administration in pigs", "authors": "Ewald Kolesnik, Ma Luisa Masó Navarro, Nakul Ravi Raval, Brice Ozenne, Hanne D. Hansen", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2024.105133", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.105133", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Receptor, 5-HT receptor, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, 5-HT2 receptor, Chemistry, Psychology, Serotonin, Biology, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405636234\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4405636234\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003796858\",\"display_name\":\"Ewald Kolesnik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-8068\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103462312\",\"display_name\":\"Ma Luisa Masó Navarro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016318094\",\"display_name\":\"Nakul Ravi Raval\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-7219\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.105133\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4405636234" }, { "id": 1297, "title": "Menstrual Changes and Reversal of Amenorrhea Induced by Classic Psychedelics: A Case Series.", "normalized_title": "menstrual changes and reversal of amenorrhea induced by classic psychedelics a case series", "authors": "Gukasyan N, Narayan SK", "abstract": "There has been little research on the effects of psychedelics on menstrual and reproductive function, though anecdotal evidence suggests that these compounds may have striking effects on menstrual function in at least a subset of users. Social media and word of mouth were used to seek out individuals who had a history of changes in menstrual function following psychedelic use. Case histories were elicited from three respondents following informed consent. A literature search on the effects of classic psychedelics and related compounds was completed. Three women ranging from 27 to 34 years of age were interviewed and reported three distinct phenomena following the use of classic psychedelics: 1) resumption of menses following amenorrhea, 2) early onset of menses, in particular when psychedelics were used in the mid to late luteal period, and 3) improved menstrual regularity in a woman with irregular cycles who was eventually diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear, though they may be mediated via direct or indirect effects of 5-HT agonism on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Although phenomena related to menstrual and reproductive function have been largely overlooked in the psychedelic literature to date, these effects may have therapeutic utility and warrant further study.", "journal": "Journal of psychoactive drugs", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2022.2157350", "pubmed_id": "36682064", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36682064/", "keywords": "LSD, menstruation, psilocybin, psychedelics, psychoneuroendocrinology, reproductive health, serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:37", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36682064\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1286, "title": "Psilocybin and Other Classic Psychedelics in Depression.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and other classic psychedelics in depression", "authors": "Nutt DJ, Peill JM, Weiss B, Godfrey K, Carhart-Harris RL, Erritzoe D.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and ketamine are returning to clinical research and intervention across several disorders including the treatment of depression. This chapter focusses on psychedelics that specifically target the 5-HT2A receptor such as psilocybin and DMT. These produce plasma-concentration related psychological effects such as hallucinations and out of body experiences, insightful and emotional breakthroughs as well as mystical-type experiences. When coupled with psychological support, effects can produce a rapid improvement in mood among people with depression that can last for months. In this chapter, we summarise the scientific studies to date that explore the use of psychedelics in depressed individuals, highlighting key clinical, psychological and neuroimaging features of psychedelics that may account for their therapeutic effects. These include alterations in brain entropy that disrupt fixed negative ruminations, a period of post-treatment increased cognitive flexibility, and changes in self-referential psychological processes. Finally, we propose that the brain mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of serotonergic psychedelics might be distinct from those underlying classical serotonin reuptake-blocking antidepressants.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2023_451", "pubmed_id": "37955822", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2023_451", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37955822\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1271, "title": "The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic future of post traumatic stress disorder treatment", "authors": "Zaretsky TG, Jagodnik KM, Barsic R, Antonio JH, Bonanno PA, MacLeod C, Pierce C, Carney H, Morrison MT, Saylor C, Danias G, Lepow L, Yehuda R.", "abstract": "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to a traumatic experience. An estimated 12 million U.S. adults are presently affected by this disorder. Current treatments include psychological therapies (e.g., exposure-based interventions) and pharmacological treatments (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)). However, a significant proportion of patients receiving standard-of-care therapies for PTSD remain symptomatic, and new approaches for this and other trauma-related mental health conditions are greatly needed. Psychedelic compounds that alter cognition, perception, and mood are currently being examined for their efficacy in treating PTSD despite their current status as Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)- scheduled substances. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated the potential value of psychedelicassisted therapy to treat PTSD and other psychiatric disorders. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the state of the science of PTSD clinical care, including current treatments and their shortcomings. We review clinical studies of psychedelic interventions to treat PTSD, trauma-related disorders, and common comorbidities. The classic psychedelics psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and DMT-containing ayahuasca, as well as the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, are reviewed. For each drug, we present the history of use, psychological and somatic effects, pharmacology, and safety profile. The rationale and proposed mechanisms for use in treating PTSD and traumarelated disorders are discussed. This review concludes with an in-depth consideration of future directions for the psychiatric applications of psychedelics to maximize therapeutic benefit and minimize risk in individuals and communities impacted by trauma-related conditions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.2174/1570159x22666231027111147", "pubmed_id": "38284341", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x22666231027111147", "keywords": "Humans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Adult, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38284341\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1196, "title": "Safety pharmacology of acute psilocybin administration in healthy participants", "normalized_title": "safety pharmacology of acute psilocybin administration in healthy participants", "authors": "Isabelle Straumann, Friederike Holze, A. Becker, Laura Ley, Nepomuk Halter, Matthias E. Liechti", "abstract": "Psilocybin is being studied for its therapeutic potential in various mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. Initial studies suggested that psilocybin is generally safe when used under controlled conditions, but more research is needed to better understand its safety profile. We report safety pharmacology data from a pooled analysis of three randomized crossover studies that included 85 healthy participants and 113 single-dose administrations of psilocybin. Single oral doses included 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, and 30 mg psilocybin dihydrate. We investigated subjective effects, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, acute and subacute adverse effects, reports of flashbacks, and liver and kidney function before and after the studies. The 20, 25, and 30 mg doses of psilocybin produced stronger effects than the 15 mg dose. Psilocybin at all doses induced higher \"good drug effects\" than \"bad drug effects.\" Only the 25 and 30 mg doses increased anxiety. Psilocybin elevated autonomic effects only moderately. Tachycardia (>100 beats/min) was observed with 7% of all psilocybin administrations. Body temperature >38° was reached in 7%, 9%, 17%, and 32% of the participants with the 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg doses, respectively. Kidney and liver function parameters were unaltered at the end of the study. Five participants (6%) reported transient flashback phenomena. No serious adverse reactions occurred. These findings suggest that a single administration of psilocybin is safe with regard to acute psychological and physical harm in healthy participants in a controlled research setting.", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104060", "pubmed_id": "40656108", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104060", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Adverse effect, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Medicine, Heart rate, Crossover study, Pharmacology, Anesthesia, Safety pharmacology, Psychology, Drug, Psychiatry, Placebo, Internal medicine, Blood pressure, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392888270\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392888270\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":23,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089306255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161950360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165032621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415329247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590375860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790481213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092027192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200846882\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206965048\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223893856\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293194637\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386305655\",\"https://openalex.org/W6716751055\",\"https://openalex.org/W6839106885\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069070940\",\"display_name\":\"Isabelle Straumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2952-586X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028081191\",\"display_name\":\"Friederike Holze\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-1519\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012996786\",\"display_name\":\"A. Becker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-7945\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102828957\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Ley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9881-4693\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5094174389\",\"display_name\":\"Nepomuk Halter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104060\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392888270" }, { "id": 1193, "title": "Synthesis and bioactivity of psilocybin analogues containing a stable carbon-phosphorus bond", "normalized_title": "synthesis and bioactivity of psilocybin analogues containing a stable carbon phosphorus bond", "authors": "Marthe Vandevelde, Andreas Simoens, Bavo Vandekerckhove, Christian V. Stevens", "abstract": "Psilocybin analogues have been synthesized comprising a non-hydrolysable P-C bond to evaluate the biological activity and the selectivity towards 5-HT2A R, 5-HT2B R and the TNAP receptor.", "journal": "RSC Medicinal Chemistry", "publication_date": "2023-12-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1039/d4md00043a", "pubmed_id": "38516602", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d4md00043a", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Phosphorus, Chemistry, Carbon fibers, Hallucinogen, Organic chemistry, Materials science, Biology, Pharmacology, Composite number, Composite material, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391991129\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4391991129\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965258805\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038041211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038786381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089031607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2217788835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326634176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2464530165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791611695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039630529\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081506076\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127849639\",\"https://openalex.org/W3130188116\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137976016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146268156\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157088173\",\"https://openalex.org/W3170080586\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206066710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210270982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210811201\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210894032\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210913256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225759316\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229005782\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285744684\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289830898\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301370539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308438525\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386740988\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389164252\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093968673\",\"display_name\":\"Marthe Vandevelde\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4050-9245\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052187921\",\"display_name\":\"Andreas Simoens\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-1147\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016826773\",\"display_name\":\"Bavo Vandekerckhove\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-4323\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067939918\",\"display_name\":\"Christian V. Stevens\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-5327\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210227295\",\"source_display_name\":\"RSC Medicinal Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4md00043a\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4391991129" }, { "id": 1264, "title": "Amygdala response to emotional faces following acute administration of psilocybin in healthy individuals", "normalized_title": "amygdala response to emotional faces following acute administration of psilocybin in healthy individuals", "authors": "Sophia Armand, Kristian Larsen, M. Madsen, Brice Ozenne, Katrin H. Preller, Gitte M. Knudsen, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Patrick M. Fisher", "abstract": "The serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin acutely induces changes in emotional states. However, it remains unresolved whether psilocybin acutely modulates emotionally-relevant amygdala reactivity to emotions, a brain region critically involved in emotion processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined in 26 healthy individuals whether amygdala responses to angry, fearful and neutral faces differ between acute exposure to psilocybin and at baseline. We also evaluated whether plasma psilocin levels (PPL) and subjective drug intensity (SDI) during psilocybin are related to amygdala responses to emotional faces. We found that amygdala response to angry faces was significantly reduced during exposure to psilocybin as compared to baseline (mean difference = −0.54, PFWER = 0.03), whereas no significant changes in amygdala responses to fearful or neutral faces were observed. We further found that the amygdala response to fearful faces was significantly negatively associated with SDI (slope = −0.13, PFWER = 0.04), whereas no significant association with PPL was observed. Our findings indicate that psilocybin attenuates amygdala reactivity to angry faces and that a more intense subjective psilocybin response (SDI) is associated with attenuated amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, in accordance with previously reported results. Future studies should investigate whether exposure to psilocybin acutely changes emotion processing in individuals with depression and whether such changes are related to therapeutic outcomes.", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2023-12-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103934", "pubmed_id": "40656071", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103934", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Amygdala, Psychology, Serotonergic, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hallucinogen, Reactivity (psychology), Neuroscience, Audiology, Serotonin, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390452945\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390452945\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1810655782\",\"https://openalex.org/W1937433122\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967996189\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976863244\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989982790\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997927507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001362807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012626242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022951276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048416550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048707777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053497768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061554433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110431345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113941552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118492070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133194768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151487996\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158553737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165016477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341471783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604586582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801890140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805365294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2959143276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009339612\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081047021\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118672806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213393122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280491225\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661503435\",\"https://openalex.org/W6676667350\",\"https://openalex.org/W6704359060\",\"https://openalex.org/W6765929559\",\"https://openalex.org/W6783748472\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086179765\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Armand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027814368\",\"display_name\":\"Kristian Larsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-0814\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103934\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390452945" }, { "id": 3780, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians - Part I. Historical Perspective and Overview", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy a primer for primary care clinicians part i historical perspective and overview", "authors": "Tabaac BJ, Shinozuka K, Arenas A, Beutler BD, Cherian K, Evans VD, Fasano C, Muir OS.", "abstract": "Background: Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric conditions, including conditions that have not benefited from prior interventions. The latter half of the twentieth century marked a revolution in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and psychosis, exemplified by the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, dopamine antagonists, and other pharmacological agents. Nevertheless, mental illness remains a major public health crisis, affecting nearly one billion individuals worldwide. Areas of Uncertainty: Due to the recency of the resurgence in psychedelic research, there are still only a small number of large, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of psychedelics in psychiatric populations. While initial clinical trials of psychedelics for depression were very promising, trials of psilocybin with larger sample sizes (100+ participants) seem to suggest that it may not be more effective than antidepressants.Therapeutic Advances: Esketamine, a dissociative hallucinogen drug, was approved for the management of major depressive disorder by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019. As of December 2023, two Phase III trials of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic drug that inhibits the serotonin transporter, have been completed; the results indicate that MDMA is superior to existing pharmacological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. A phase III trial of psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonin receptor partial agonist, is currently underway. The following series details the current state of research in psychedelic therapeutics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N-N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ayahuasca, psilocybin, ibogaine, MDMA, and ketamine. Conclusions: Psychedelic drugs and structural derivatives offer a great deal of promise for the management of a wide range of psychiatric morbidities. It is imperative that clinicians become familiar with these novel agents and learn how to implement psychedelic therapeutics as part of a patient-centered care paradigm.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2023-12-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/byms6", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/byms6", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:10:21", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR779328\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3751, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians - Part IV. Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy a primer for primary care clinicians part iv psilocybin", "authors": "Tabaac BJ, Shinozuka K, Arenas A, Beutler BD, Cherian K, Evans VD, Fasano C, Muir OS.", "abstract": "Background: The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin induces profound alterations in consciousness through its action at the 5-HT2A receptor. This comprehensive review consolidates current research findings to elucidate the pharmacology, safety profile, and clinical applications of psilocybin.Areas of Uncertainty: Despite initial concerns that psilocybin could cause long-lasting mental health problems such as psychosis, contemporary research has demonstrated that psilocybin is psychologically and physiologically safe. Adverse psychiatric outcomes can generally be avoided in controlled settings such as clinical trials. However, considerations regarding optimal dosing, therapeutic protocols, and integration strategies for psychedelic experiences remain imperative for the responsible clinical implementation of psilocybin-assisted therapy. Therapeutic Advances: In clinical trials, psilocybin has shown promise for treating major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Initial studies indicated that 42-57% of patients underwent remission after psilocybin-assisted therapy, which suggests that psilocybin is more effective than existing antidepressant medications. However, larger Phase II trials with more than 100 participants have shown a much smaller remission rate of 25-29%, though these studies still observed that psilocybin causes a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Clinical data has also demonstrated that psilocybin can manage substance use disorders and end-of-life anxiety. Conclusion: Psilocybin is the most clinically well-researched psychedelic drug, with trials that have enrolled hundreds of participants and therapeutic applications that span multiple psychiatric conditions. Phase III trials, which have already commenced, will determine whether psilocybin lives up to the promise that it showed in previous clinical trials.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2023-12-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/a8xwk", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a8xwk", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:10:18", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR779326\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3293, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians - Part I. Historical Perspective and Overview", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy a primer for primary care clinicians part i historical perspective and overview", "authors": "", "abstract": "Background: Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric conditions, including conditions that have not benefited from prior interventions. The latter half of the twentieth century marked a revolution in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and psychosis, exemplified by the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, dopamine antagonists, and other pharmacological agents. Nevertheless, mental illness remains a major public health crisis, affecting nearly one billion individuals worldwide. Areas of Uncertainty: Due to the recency of the resurgence in psychedelic research, there are still only a small number of large, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of psychedelics in psychiatric populations. While initial clinical trials of psychedelics for depression were very promising, trials of psilocybin with larger sample sizes (100+ participants) seem to suggest that it may not be more effective than antidepressants. Therapeutic Advances: Esketamine, a dissociative hallucinogen drug, was approved for the management of major depressive disorder by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019. As of December 2023, two Phase III trials of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic drug that inhibits the serotonin transporter, have been completed; the results indicate that MDMA is superior to existing pharmacological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. A phase III trial of psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonin receptor partial agonist, is currently underway. The following series details the current state of research in psychedelic therapeutics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N-N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ayahuasca, psilocybin, ibogaine, MDMA, and ketamine. Conclusions: Psychedelic drugs and structural derivatives offer a great deal of promise for the management of a wide range of psychiatric morbidities. It is imperative that clinicians become familiar with these novel agents and learn how to implement psychedelic therapeutics as part of a patient-centered care paradigm.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2023-12-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/byms6_v1", "keywords": "Psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"byms6_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3133, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians - Part IV. Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy a primer for primary care clinicians part iv psilocybin", "authors": "", "abstract": "Background: The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin induces profound alterations in consciousness through its action at the 5-HT2A receptor. This comprehensive review consolidates current research findings to elucidate the pharmacology, safety profile, and clinical applications of psilocybin. Areas of Uncertainty: Despite initial concerns that psilocybin could cause long-lasting mental health problems such as psychosis, contemporary research has demonstrated that psilocybin is psychologically and physiologically safe. Adverse psychiatric outcomes can generally be avoided in controlled settings such as clinical trials. However, considerations regarding optimal dosing, therapeutic protocols, and integration strategies for psychedelic experiences remain imperative for the responsible clinical implementation of psilocybin-assisted therapy. Therapeutic Advances: In clinical trials, psilocybin has shown promise for treating major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Initial studies indicated that 42-57% of patients underwent remission after psilocybin-assisted therapy, which suggests that psilocybin is more effective than existing antidepressant medications. However, larger Phase II trials with more than 100 participants have shown a much smaller remission rate of 25-29%, though these studies still observed that psilocybin causes a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Clinical data has also demonstrated that psilocybin can manage substance use disorders and end-of-life anxiety. Conclusion: Psilocybin is the most clinically well-researched psychedelic drug, with trials that have enrolled hundreds of participants and therapeutic applications that span multiple psychiatric conditions. Phase III trials, which have already commenced, will determine whether psilocybin lives up to the promise that it showed in previous clinical trials.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2023-12-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/a8xwk_v1", "keywords": "Psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"a8xwk_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1244, "title": "Established sensitization of ethanol-induced locomotor activity is not reversed by psilocybin or the 5-HT2A receptor agonist TCB-2 in male DBA/2J mice", "normalized_title": "established sensitization of ethanol induced locomotor activity is not reversed by psilocybin or the 5 ht2a receptor agonist tcb 2 in male dba 2j mice", "authors": "Paul Fletcher, Zhaoxia Li, Xiao Dong Ji, Anh D. Lê", "abstract": "", "journal": "Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior", "publication_date": "2023-12-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173703", "pubmed_id": "38154589", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173703", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Sensitization, Hallucinogen, Agonist, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Locomotor activity, Receptor, Psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390245559\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390245559\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W223261633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1510556999\",\"https://openalex.org/W1613719983\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974998836\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984996263\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987420225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000925162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002595745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007935614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018680292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026107282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034894507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046983320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050753091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052261045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062878579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080572861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086022256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106862702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113070351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122916434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151277620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161047862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2205160939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2253791809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2301686735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337735143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344956345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413675019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561208860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2564593583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762884552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801672416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888119399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195754779\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211232046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282828286\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300981180\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362457938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366220780\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379094891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387764874\",\"https://openalex.org/W6608815222\",\"https://openalex.org/W6692055322\",\"https://openalex.org/W6844902461\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033903495\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Fletcher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-2280\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100380849\",\"display_name\":\"Zhaoxia Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-072X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108463922\",\"display_name\":\"Xiao Dong Ji\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110092765\",\"display_name\":\"Anh D. Lê\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S59685179\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173703\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390245559" }, { "id": 1301, "title": "Molecular and Medical Aspects of Psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "molecular and medical aspects of psychedelics", "authors": "Wojtas A, Gołembiowska K.", "abstract": "Psychedelics belong to the oldest psychoactive drugs. They arouse recent interest due to their therapeutic applications in the treatment of major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, end-of-life anxiety,= and anxiety symptoms, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this review, the current state of preclinical research on the mechanism of action, neurotoxicity, and behavioral impact of psychedelics is summarized. The effect of selective 5-HT2A receptor agonists, 25I- and 25B-NBOMe, after acute and repeated administration is characterized and compared with the effects of a less selective drug, psilocybin. The data show a significant effect of NBOMes on glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission in the frontal cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens. The increases in extracellular levels of neurotransmitters were not dose-dependent, which most likely resulted from the stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor and subsequent activation of the 5-HT2C receptors. This effect was also observed in the wet dog shake test and locomotor activity. Chronic administration of NBOMes elicited rapid development of tolerance, genotoxicity, and activation of microglia. Acute treatment with psilocybin affected monoaminergic and aminoacidic neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus but not in the amygdala. Psilocybin exhibited anxiolytic properties resulting from intensification of GABAergic neurotransmission. The data indicate that NBOMes as selective 5-HT2A agonists exert a significant effect on neurotransmission and behavior of rats while also inducing oxidative DNA damage. In contrast to NBOMes, the effects induced by psilocybin suggest a broader therapeutic index of this drug.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-12-22", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/ijms25010241", "pubmed_id": "38203411", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010241", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Neurotransmitter Agents, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38203411\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4725, "title": "Application of psilocybin in mental health disorders", "normalized_title": "application of psilocybin in mental health disorders", "authors": "Jingxuan Chen", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive compound, which has been used for ages in traditional settings for religious and therapeutic use. Recent studies have renewed interest in psilocybin for its potential therapeutic benefits in treating depression and anxiety. The pharmacodynamics of psilocybin are complex, involving its rapid conversion to psilocin and its activity on various serotonin receptors, particularly the 5HT2A/C and 5HT1A receptors. In addition, psilocybin can increase glutamate release, which is believed to be an important mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated that psilocybin has a long-lasting antidepressant effect, with little to no side effects. However, it is necessary to further study the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potential and to optimize its use in clinical settings. Overall, the promising findings suggest that psilocybin may offer a valuable alternative to traditional antidepressant therapies for individuals suffering from depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, studies have shown that this drug also has certain benefits for mental disorders such as addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, it is necessary to continue exploring the potential of psilocybin as a novel strategy in treating mental health disorders.", "journal": "Theoretical and Natural Science", "publication_date": "2023-12-19", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230859", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230859", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Anxiety, Psychology, Psychiatry, Addiction, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390006951\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390006951\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038786381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769124319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214305299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291162385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319765908\",\"https://openalex.org/W6660356446\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682579402\",\"https://openalex.org/W6739316299\",\"https://openalex.org/W6746562885\",\"https://openalex.org/W6795106739\",\"https://openalex.org/W6808041420\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068024444\",\"display_name\":\"Jingxuan Chen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-9535\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387283303\",\"source_display_name\":\"Theoretical and Natural Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230859\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390006951" }, { "id": 917, "title": "Unveiling the Psychedelic Journey: An Appraisal of Psilocybin as a Profound Antidepressant Therapy.", "normalized_title": "unveiling the psychedelic journey an appraisal of psilocybin as a profound antidepressant therapy", "authors": "Shah FI, Shehzadi S, Akram F, Haq IU, Javed B, Sabir S, Kazim Y, Ashfaq S.", "abstract": "Depression, a global health concern with significant implications for suicide rates, remains challenging to treat effectively with conventional pharmacological options. The existing pharmaceutical interventions for these illnesses need daily dosing, are accompanied by various adverse effects, and may exhibit limited efficacy in certain cases. However, hope emerges from an unlikely source-Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms. Recently, this enigmatic compound has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in addressing various mental health issues, including depression. Psilocybin alters mood, cognition, and perception by acting on a particular subtype of serotonin receptors in the brain. It's feasible that these shifts in consciousness will promote healing development, offering a novel approach to depression management. This comprehensive review explores psilocybin, derived from specific mushrooms, and its implications in the treatment of depression. The study examines new perspectives and therapeutic possibilities surrounding psilocybin, addressing existing gaps in academic literature. It delves into its biosynthesis, unique mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and anti-depressive effects. By uncovering the potential of this mind-altering substance, the review aims to advance psychiatric care, offering hope to those globally affected by depression.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-12-19", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s12033-023-00994-7", "pubmed_id": "38117395", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-023-00994-7", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Agaricales, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38117395\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1305, "title": "Psilocybin and Eugenol Reduce Inflammation in Human 3D EpiIntestinal Tissue", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and eugenol reduce inflammation in human 3d epiintestinal tissue", "authors": "Gregory Ian Robinson, Dongping Li, Bo Wang, Tahiat Rahman, Marta Gerasymchuk, Darryl Hudson, Olga Kovalchuk, Igor Kovalchuk", "abstract": "Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), by contributing to tissue damage and exacerbating the immune response. The investigation of serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) ligands and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel ligands is of significant interest due to their potential to modulate key inflammatory pathways, mitigate the pathological effects of inflammation, and offer new avenues for therapeutic interventions in IBD. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of 5-HT2A ligands, including psilocybin, 4-AcO-DMT, and ketanserin, in combination with TRP channel ligands, including capsaicin, curcumin, and eugenol, on the inflammatory response induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in human 3D EpiIntestinal tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF. Our results show that psilocybin, 4-AcO-DMT, and eugenol significantly reduce TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, while capsaicin and curcumin decrease these markers to a lesser extent. Psilocybin effectively lowers IL-6 and IL-8 levels, but curcumin, capsaicin, and 4-AcO-DMT have limited effects on these markers. In addition, psilocybin can significantly decrease MCP-1 and GM-CSF levels. While ketanserin lowers IL-6 and GM-CSF levels, there are no effects seen on TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-8, or MCP-1. Although synergistic effects between 5-HT2A and TRP channel ligands are minimal in this study, the results provide further evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of psilocybin and eugenol. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and the feasibility of using these compounds as anti-inflammatory therapies for conditions like IBD.", "journal": "Life", "publication_date": "2023-12-14", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/life13122345", "pubmed_id": "38137946", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/life13122345", "keywords": "Ketanserin, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Inflammation, Curcumin, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Chemistry, Receptor, Medicine, Serotonin, Immunology, 5-HT receptor, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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Ian Robinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-2788\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100779873\",\"display_name\":\"Dongping Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-9929\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077002453\",\"display_name\":\"Bo Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-1938\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104214733\",\"display_name\":\"Tahiat Rahman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025253146\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Gerasymchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-8086\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006199499\",\"display_name\":\"Darryl Hudson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8828-0435\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015793767\",\"display_name\":\"Olga Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-8111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042868572\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Kovalchuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-6928\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210200765\",\"source_display_name\":\"Life\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/life13122345\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389794307" }, { "id": 1263, "title": "Knowledge gaps in psychedelic medicalisation: Preclinical and neuroimaging mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "knowledge gaps in psychedelic medicalisation preclinical and neuroimaging mechanisms", "authors": "McCulloch DE, Lopez JP, Dalla C, Castrén E, Erritzoe D, Frokjaer VG, Lundberg J, Preller KH, Fisher PM, Knudsen GM.", "abstract": "Classical psychedelic drugs, e.g., psilocybin and LSD, stimulate the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and have recently been intensely investigated for their clinical effects in various brain disorders. At the ECNP \"New Frontiers meeting\" in March 2023, scientific experts in psychedelics met to identify key knowledge gaps in the mechanism of action of psychedelics as investigated using preclinical models and clinical neuroimaging. Key themes included the development of appropriate behavioural models for measuring acute and persisting effects, dose optimisation, molecular mechanisms of action, sex differences, and the acute and persisting effects of psychedelics on neurotransmitter release and functional brain activity.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-12-14", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103929", "pubmed_id": "40656118", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103929", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"40656118\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1306, "title": "Psilocybin-induced default mode network hypoconnectivity is blunted in alcohol-dependent rats", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced default mode network hypoconnectivity is blunted in alcohol dependent rats", "authors": "Jonathan Reinwald, Christian N. Schmitz, Ivan Skorodumov, Martin Kuchař, Wolfgang Weber-Fahr, Rainer Spanagel, Marcus W. Meinhardt", "abstract": "Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) adversely affects the lives of millions of people, but still lacks effective treatment options. Recent advancements in psychedelic research suggest psilocybin to be potentially efficacious for AUD. However, major knowledge gaps remain regarding (1) psilocybin's general mode of action and (2) AUD-specific alterations of responsivity to psilocybin treatment in the brain that are crucial for treatment development. Here, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover pharmaco-fMRI study on psilocybin effects using a translational approach with healthy rats and a rat model of alcohol relapse. Psilocybin effects were quantified with resting-state functional connectivity using data-driven whole-brain global brain connectivity, network-based statistics, graph theory, hypothesis-driven Default Mode Network (DMN)-specific connectivity, and entropy analyses. Results demonstrate that psilocybin induced an acute wide-spread decrease in different functional connectivity domains together with a distinct increase of connectivity between serotonergic core regions and cortical areas. We could further provide translational evidence for psilocybin-induced DMN hypoconnectivity reported in humans. Psilocybin showed an AUD-specific blunting of DMN hypoconnectivity, which strongly correlated to the alcohol relapse intensity and was mainly driven by medial prefrontal regions. In conclusion, our results provide translational validity for acute psilocybin-induced neural effects in the rodent brain. Furthermore, alcohol relapse severity was negatively correlated with neural responsivity to psilocybin treatment. Our data suggest that a clinical standard dose of psilocybin may not be sufficient to treat severe AUD cases; a finding that should be considered for future clinical trials.", "journal": "Translational Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-12-13", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41398-023-02690-1", "pubmed_id": "38097569", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02690-1", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Default mode network, Hallucinogen, Alcohol use disorder, Psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Functional connectivity, Alcohol, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389728826\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389728826\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":25,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W8772133\",\"https://openalex.org/W289983388\",\"https://openalex.org/W1862394037\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966449636\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973776237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979600308\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982298072\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985925989\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997625719\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998645824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001350759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003470301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009341243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016115765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021136584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025534288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027040267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029021490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056706443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060369973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070615835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079005883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084030407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088599339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092204227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092297027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112090702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126838454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153138063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153645092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167822639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168745915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169787465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2307021258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337964085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411622228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2431295287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2780903528\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792120884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793474747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793761191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971649686\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977883299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983179222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994882463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995495462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996181392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011295908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038276942\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084629651\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093454394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093810618\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128374214\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203708166\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210776066\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213477590\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214479968\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221031678\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224272130\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226177366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234942272\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255655703\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287092237\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311952982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353070324\",\"https://openalex.org/W4360999698\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018320681\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Reinwald\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9508-3942\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077142042\",\"display_name\":\"Christian N. Schmitz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1908-4026\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079196313\",\"display_name\":\"Ivan Skorodumov\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-9745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074692411\",\"display_name\":\"Wolfgang Weber-Fahr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-7041\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016315764\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Spanagel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-4521\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013945938\",\"display_name\":\"Marcus W. Meinhardt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-0731\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S163345920\",\"source_display_name\":\"Translational Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02690-1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389728826" }, { "id": 3152, "title": "Psilocybin prevents activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms", "normalized_title": "psilocybin prevents activity based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility contributions from 5 ht1a and 5 ht2a receptor mechanisms", "authors": "Conn K, Milton L, Huang K, Munguba H, Ruuska J, Lemus M, Greaves E, Homman-Ludiye J, Oldfield B, Foldi C.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has shown promise for alleviating symptoms of depression and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN), a condition that is characterised by persistent cognitive inflexibility. Considering that enhanced cognitive flexibility after psilocybin treatment is reported to occur in individuals with depression, it is plausible that psilocybin could improve symptoms of AN by breaking down cognitive inflexibility. A mechanistic understanding of the actions of psilocybin is required to tailor the clinical application of psilocybin to individuals most likely to respond with positive outcomes. This can only be achieved using incisive neurobiological approaches in animal models. Here, we use the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model and comprehensively assess aspects of reinforcement learning to show that psilocybin (post-acutely) improves body weight maintenance in female rats and facilitates cognitive flexibility, specifically via improved adaptation to the initial reversal of reward contingencies. Further, we reveal the involvement of signalling through the serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 5-HT2A receptor subtypes in specific aspects of learning, demonstrating that 5-HT1A antagonism negates the cognitive enhancing effects of psilocybin. Moreover, we show that psilocybin elicits a transient increase and decrease in cortical transcription of these receptors ( Htr2a and Htr1a, respectively), and a further reduction in the abundance of Htr2a transcripts in rats exposed to the ABA model. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that psilocybin could ameliorate cognitive inflexibility in the context of AN and highlight a need to better understand the therapeutic mechanisms independent of 5-HT2A receptor binding.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-12-12", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.12.12.571374", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.12.571374", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR773743\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4726, "title": "Psychotropics: A scientific, regulatory, and public view on the medicinal uses of cannabinoids and psilocybin", "normalized_title": "psychotropics a scientific regulatory and public view on the medicinal uses of cannabinoids and psilocybin", "authors": "Ivana Turek", "abstract": "Research on psychotropics is gaining more popularity worldwide and support from drug regulatory agencies, which recognise the unmet medical needs of certain patient communities, such as patients with mental disorders and patients with cancer who experience depression. Cannabinoids and psilocybin have shown promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials, but the current clinical evidence is scarce, and the regulatory requirements are strict due to high potential for drug abuse. The US FDA has recently released a draft, non-binding guidance on clinical trials with psychedelics. Europe is currently falling behind the US and Canada in terms of regulating psychotropic substances. The article provides a general introduction on conducting clinical trials with psychotropics and the regulatory requirements (as of October 2023) when submitting marketing authorisation application. In the near future, as more data becomes available, research on psychotropics will definitely shape the European regulatory landscape.", "journal": "Medical Writing", "publication_date": "2023-12-10", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.56012/tsen2260", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.56012/tsen2260", "keywords": "Clinical trial, Psilocybin, Authorization, Medicine, Regulatory science, Marketing authorization, Psychiatry, Drug approval, Alternative medicine, Drug, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Bioinformatics, Computer security, Computer science, Pathology, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389763815\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389763815\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1962052985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006895664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141209126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148841660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154191181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157305173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2199093360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2282484587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2494477347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547881037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616653812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756282134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905689668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916674868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917202476\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014627976\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089446948\",\"https://openalex.org/W3099423662\",\"https://openalex.org/W3111428945\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125143320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139079540\",\"https://openalex.org/W3142425130\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152710445\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157866107\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211238337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212985029\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221049236\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221098483\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224046478\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241030589\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281482740\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295073950\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312558268\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366421959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4368362129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378902070\",\"https://openalex.org/W4381309423\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382515410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385901848\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048668460\",\"display_name\":\"Ivana Turek\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2765017934\",\"source_display_name\":\"Medical Writing\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.56012/tsen2260\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389763815" }, { "id": 4731, "title": "A history and future of psychedelics: The case of the Canadian military", "normalized_title": "a history and future of psychedelics the case of the canadian military", "authors": "Erika Dyck, Gregory P. Marchildon", "abstract": "LAY SUMMARY The historical relationship between psychedelic drugs and the military has often been characterized in terms of drug misuse or the connection between drugs like d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin (magic mushrooms) contributing to anti-war sentiments. Recent clinical evidence, however, suggests these cultural associations may be overshadowing the potential for psychedelic drug treatments for particular disorders prevalent across military personnel, including posttraumatic stress disorder. This article offers a historical overview of psychedelics and their association with anti-war activism alongside the clinical recognition of mental disorders within the military that led to the need to reimagine the relationship between psychedelics and mental illnesses within the military.", "journal": "Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health", "publication_date": "2023-11-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0010", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0010", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Psychiatry, Military personnel, MAGIC (telescope), Hallucinogen, Medicine, Political science, Law, Quantum mechanics, Internal medicine, Physics, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389614071\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389614071\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W60326299\",\"https://openalex.org/W624016110\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026776291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027585755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043324949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059690043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083660829\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096862639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129374552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160360341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287305305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319721332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407869099\",\"https://openalex.org/W2465993615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617290581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751968906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788178807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792164490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888742286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2931582381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951531792\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968540378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971572021\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033913667\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234891569\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238763920\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239734876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239909647\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241393911\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254002436\",\"https://openalex.org/W4256013753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285329307\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382246878\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382602685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389694507\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022569893\",\"display_name\":\"Erika Dyck\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-6695\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064485665\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory P. Marchildon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-2392\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210223982\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0010\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389614071" }, { "id": 4730, "title": "Studying classic psychedelics for the management of headache disorders: Considerations for Veterans", "normalized_title": "studying classic psychedelics for the management of headache disorders considerations for veterans", "authors": "Emmanuelle A. D. Schindler, Jason J. Sico", "abstract": "LAY SUMMARY Patients with headache disorders, such as migraine or cluster headache, often have poor quality of life and can be disabled by their condition. Military members and Veterans have a high risk of developing a headache disorder, particularly because they are also at risk for brain injury through head trauma. New headache treatments are needed, because the available treatments may not work, have too many side effects, or are not affordable. Psychedelics have been discussed as a treatment in headache disorders for more than 50 years. Patients report that drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (a synthetic psychedelic) and psilocybin (a compound found in so-called magic mushrooms) provide long-lasting relief from headaches for weeks or months after just a single or few doses. Formal studies investigating this unique ability are starting to take place. Findings from the first studies of psilocybin in migraine and cluster headache are encouraging, although these studies are small and not conclusive, and more research is needed. Veterans have been active in the recent re-emergence of psychedelics, although they may not all be able, or willing, to take part in studies because of underlying health conditions or viewpoints gained through military experience.", "journal": "Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health", "publication_date": "2023-11-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0006", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0006", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Headaches, Migraine, Psychiatry, Cluster headache, Medicine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:44", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389613923\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389613923\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1989983866\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995285844\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999427970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009661139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100156810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109473644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121872045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128810790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133878521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141092268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167284787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2187253811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396914027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738565983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751884637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789595912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791294482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895315021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940563388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970814103\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023691240\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210782616\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280509674\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283658972\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309832620\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317677634\",\"https://openalex.org/W4328049685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023659439\",\"display_name\":\"Emmanuelle A. D. Schindler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-0365\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016882920\",\"display_name\":\"Jason J. Sico\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-2735\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210223982\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0006\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Veterans,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389613923" }, { "id": 1307, "title": "Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder in Two Adults Stabilized on Buprenorphine: A Technical Report on Study Modifications and Preliminary Findings", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for opioid use disorder in two adults stabilized on buprenorphine a technical report on study modifications and preliminary findings", "authors": "Christopher R. Nicholas, David Horton, Julia Malicki, Amelia Baltes, Paul R. Hutson, Randall Brown", "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes for nicotine and alcohol use disorders, yet its potential clinical utility in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) remains unreported in modern literature. This technical report presents methodological considerations and preliminary data from a safety-feasibility trial examining the interaction between psilocybin and buprenorphine in two adults diagnosed with OUD. Procedures: Two adults meeting eligibility criteria for long-term stabilization of buprenorphine/naloxone (≥6 months) enrolled and underwent two psilocybin dosing sessions in a supportive setting. Preliminary data pertaining to the safety, clinical outcomes, and subjective effects of psilocybin were collected. Main Findings: Two participants received psilocybin and completed all study visits. Feasibility considerations were identified, including limitations in provider-based recruitment strategies, participant accessibility, flexibility of the study schedule, and initial eligibility criteria. There were no serious adverse events or significant baseline changes on measures of opioid craving or withdrawal, and the subjective effects associated with psilocybin were consistent with previous studies. Principal Conclusions: Coadministration of psilocybin and buprenorphine was safely tolerated and did not demonstrate contraindicating effects vis-à-vis effectiveness of buprenorphine or the subjective effects of psilocybin. Challenges in feasibility led to modifications in the sample population and eligibility criteria and strategies to improve accessibility, minimize burden, and enhance overall generalizability.clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05242029.", "journal": "Psychedelic Medicine", "publication_date": "2023-11-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2023.0012", "pubmed_id": "40046866", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0012", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Buprenorphine, Opioid use disorder, Opioid, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Opioid Use Disorder Treatment", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389304198\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389304198\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1529179780\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965246039\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018914766\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029057559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031163840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097910464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108592835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116004686\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119765259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132974770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162127309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172107654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332450558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558869493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594031547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2778368513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808907017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894541203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896128668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902753735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912816136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961061631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974814938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998334652\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004690109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014277121\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036114481\",\"https://openalex.org/W3040555638\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047090566\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088404198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092531516\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107191109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135670017\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164067847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183684219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191094810\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195587140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203599008\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206120443\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206936697\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213457173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214488648\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220945184\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220956513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223525754\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236180415\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296121375\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382776629\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043044020\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher R. Nicholas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-4046\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101447266\",\"display_name\":\"David Horton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9456-3060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040133315\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Malicki\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001460745\",\"display_name\":\"Amelia Baltes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-9810\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088507656\",\"display_name\":\"Paul R. Hutson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-7096\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071605998\",\"display_name\":\"Randall Brown\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-8119\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelic Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0012\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389304198" }, { "id": 1304, "title": "Intravenous psilocybin attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of chronic pain", "normalized_title": "intravenous psilocybin attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of chronic pain", "authors": "Nicholas Kolbman, Tiecheng Liu, Peter R. Guzzo, Jim Gilligan, George A. Mashour, Giancarlo Vanini, Dinesh Pal", "abstract": "There is a renewed interest in psychedelic drugs as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In particular, psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of refractory depression 1 and major depressive disorder 2, and has also been explored as a treatment for tobacco and alcohol abuse 3, 4. However, despite suggestive evidence 5, 6, there has been no systematic study to investigate the effectiveness of psilocybin in attenuating indices of chronic pain. To address this gap, we investigated the effect of psilocybin on mechanical hypersensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia in a well-established rat model of formalin-induced, centralized chronic pain 7, 8 and demonstrate that a single intravenous bolus administration of psilocybin can attenuate mechanical hypersensitivity for 28 days.", "journal": "Current Biology", "publication_date": "2023-11-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.016", "pubmed_id": "38113836", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.016", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Refractory (planetary science), Hallucinogen, Biology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Astrobiology, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389891609\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389891609\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":21,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965011560\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2198563638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213721934\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313488167\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092570228\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas Kolbman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-8165\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5105465839\",\"display_name\":\"Tiecheng Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963260\",\"display_name\":\"Peter R. Guzzo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4773-8052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109633638\",\"display_name\":\"Jim Gilligan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080287940\",\"display_name\":\"George A. Mashour\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5932\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082028137\",\"display_name\":\"Giancarlo Vanini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-8113\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062211145\",\"display_name\":\"Dinesh Pal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-5057\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S128425624\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Biology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.016\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389891609" }, { "id": 1260, "title": "Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT2AR) Agonists: Psychedelics and Non-Hallucinogenic Analogues as Emerging Antidepressants.", "normalized_title": "serotonin 2a receptor 5 ht2ar agonists psychedelics and non hallucinogenic analogues as emerging antidepressants", "authors": "Duan W, Cao D, Wang S, Cheng J.", "abstract": "Psychedelics make up a group of psychoactive compounds that induce hallucinogenic effects by activating the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Clinical trials have demonstrated the traditional psychedelic substances like psilocybin as a class of rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressants. However, there is a pressing need for rationally designed 5-HT2AR agonists that possess optimal pharmacological profiles in order to fully reveal the therapeutic potential of these agonists and identify safer drug candidates devoid of hallucinogenic effects. This Perspective provides an overview of the structure-activity relationships of existing 5-HT2AR agonists based on their chemical classifications and discusses recent advancements in understanding their molecular pharmacology at a structural level. The encouraging clinical outcomes of psychedelics in depression treatment have sparked drug discovery endeavors aimed at developing novel 5-HT2AR agonists with improved subtype selectivity and signaling bias properties, which could serve as safer and potentially nonhallucinogenic antidepressants. These efforts can be significantly expedited through the utilization of structure-based methods and functional selectivity-directed screening.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00375", "pubmed_id": "38033123", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00375", "keywords": "Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38033123\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1127, "title": "Current Understanding on Psilocybin for Major Depressive Disorder: A Review Focusing on Clinical Trials.", "normalized_title": "current understanding on psilocybin for major depressive disorder a review focusing on clinical trials", "authors": "Wang SM, Kim S, Choi WS, Lim HK, Woo YS, Pae CU, Bahk WM.", "abstract": "Previous studies suggested effectiveness of psilocybin in the field of mental health. FDA designated psilocybin as a \"breakthrough therapy\" for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in 2018. This paper provided a review of psilocybin's potential role in treatment of depression by focusing on published clinical trials. Studies showed that psilocybin, an agonist on 5-HT2A receptors, manifests antidepressant and anxiolytic effects by increasing glutamate transmission, reducing brain inflammation, decreasing default mode network activity. In terms of clinical trials, eleven studies (six open-label and five double blinded randomized clinical trials [DB-RCTs]) trials exploring psilocybin's impact on depression were found. Among open-label studies, a pilot study on TRD patients demonstrated significant reductions in depressive symptoms after two psilocybin sessions. Psilocybin also improved cognitive bias associated with depression. Extension studies confirmed sustained improvements and high remission rates. Among five DB-RCTs, two showed that psilocybin led to significant reductions in anxiety and depression in cancer patients, and the improvements sustained for over six months. In MDD, psilocybin showed rapid reductions in depression, with higher remission rates compared to escitalopram in a DB-RCT. Another DB-RCT showed that psilocybin induced higher decrease in depression around 6 hours after their administrations than placebo. The last DB-RCT showed that in patients with TRD, a single dose of psilocybin 25 mg, but not psilocybin 10 mg, resulted in superior antidepressant effect than psilocybin 1 mg. Overall, psilocybin showed promise in treating depression and anxiety, with notable safety profiles. Further research should explore optimal dosages and long-term effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.9758/cpn.23.1134", "pubmed_id": "38627070", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.23.1134", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38627070\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1331, "title": "Exploring Psilocybe spp. mycelium and fruiting body chemistry for potential therapeutic compounds", "normalized_title": "exploring psilocybe spp mycelium and fruiting body chemistry for potential therapeutic compounds", "authors": "Adam Waldbillig, Maria Baranova, Sarah Neumann, Jonathan Andrade, Sharan Sidhu", "abstract": "Psilocybe mushrooms, otherwise known as “magic” mushrooms, owe their psychedelic effect to psilocin, a serotonin subtype 2A (5-HT2A ) receptor agonist and metabolite of psilocybin, the primary indole alkaloid found in Psilocybe species. Metabolomics is an advanced fingerprinting tool that can be utilized to identify the differences among fungal life stages that may otherwise be unaccounted for. In this study, by using targeted and untargeted (metabolomic) multivariate analysis, we demonstrate that the chemical composition of Psilocybe differs among mycelia, grain mycelia, and fruiting bodies. The preferential accumulation of psilocybin, baeocystin, tryptophan, ergothioneine, and phenylethylamine in fruiting bodies differentiated them from mycelia; however, the levels of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC), N- acetylglucosamine, and trimethylglycine were found to be proportionally higher in mycelia than in fruiting bodies based on Pareto-scaled data. Considering the wealth of compounds with therapeutic potential that have been isolated from various fungal genera, it would be pertinent to study the compounds found in Psilocybe mycelia as potential naturally derived therapeutic targets.", "journal": "Frontiers in Fungal Biology", "publication_date": "2023-11-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/ffunb.2023.1295223", "pubmed_id": "38094868", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2023.1295223", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mycelium, Metabolomics, Indole alkaloid, Metabolite, Alkaloid, Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Botany, Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Fungal Biology and Applications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389150740\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4389150740\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1575441395\",\"https://openalex.org/W1945751328\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974242924\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977511640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979684530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002611996\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005000574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005997645\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013647096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013674343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014130340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045383402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046073373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052716733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059550154\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069122038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071344717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072436708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075364609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080992711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115724861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142056178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147686129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163931885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2177391494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2188416220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285591130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536585347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2763200776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804153279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903438963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905984643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971320223\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023519016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025105292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090497377\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106530255\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3141299624\",\"https://openalex.org/W3172267869\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175281388\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208587938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226390578\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310466310\",\"https://openalex.org/W6634534732\",\"https://openalex.org/W6681444186\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093379411\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Waldbillig\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113671613\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Baranova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1339-7392\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001139144\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah Neumann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033548679\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Andrade\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-5306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049713492\",\"display_name\":\"Sharan Sidhu\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210232538\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Fungal Biology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2023.1295223\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Metabolomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389150740" }, { "id": 1041, "title": "Psilocybin as a lead candidate molecule in preclinical therapeutic studies of psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a lead candidate molecule in preclinical therapeutic studies of psychiatric disorders a systematic review", "authors": "Gattuso JJ, Wilson C, Hannan AJ, Renoir T.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is the main psychoactive compound found in hallucinogenic/magic mushrooms and can bind to both serotonergic and tropomyosin receptor kinase b (TrkB) receptors. Psilocybin has begun to show efficacy for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions, including treatment-resistant depression and anxiety disorders; however, neurobiological mechanisms are still being elucidated. Clinical research has found that psilocybin can alter functional connectivity patterns in human brains, which is often associated with therapeutic outcomes. However, preclinical research affords the opportunity to assess the potential cellular mechanisms by which psilocybin may exert its therapeutic effects. Preclinical rodent models can also facilitate a more tightly controlled experimental context and minimise placebo effects. Furthermore, where there is a rationale, preclinical researchers can investigate psilocybin administration in neuropsychiatric conditions that have not yet been researched clinically. As a result, we have systematically reviewed the knowledge base, identifying 82 preclinical studies which were screened based on specific criteria. This resulted in the exclusion of 44 articles, with 34 articles being included in the main review and another 2 articles included as Supporting Information materials. We found that psilocybin shows promise as a lead candidate molecule for treating a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, albeit showing the most efficacy for depression. We discuss the experimental findings, and identify possible mechanisms whereby psilocybin could invoke therapeutic changes. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the between-study heterogeneity and possible future research avenues. Our review suggests that preclinical rodent models can provide valid and translatable tools for researching novel psilocybin-induced molecular and cellular mechanisms, and therapeutic outcomes.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1111/jnc.16017", "pubmed_id": "38019032", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.16017", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38019032\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1155, "title": "A Brief Historical Overview of Psychedelic Research.", "normalized_title": "a brief historical overview of psychedelic research", "authors": "Geyer MA.", "abstract": "Classical serotonergic psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide or the naturally occurring compounds psilocybin and mescaline produce profound changes in mood, thought, intuition, sensory perception, the experience of time and space, and even the experience of self. Research examining psychedelic compounds has had a complex and turbulent evolution. Many cultures throughout the world have used psychedelic plants not only for mystical, ritualistic, or divinatory purposes but also for curing illnesses. Much of the genesis and progress of modern investigations into the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of psychedelics have been intertwined with studies of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Early hypotheses that serotonergic systems mediate psychedelic effects were supported initially by preclinical animal studies and subsequently confirmed by pharmacological studies in healthy humans. The use of psychedelic compounds as putative psychotomimetics that reproduce some features of naturally occurring psychotic disorders met with some limited success. More recent studies are exploring psychedelics as potential psychotherapeutic agents. Recent indications that even 1 or 2 psychedelic treatments produce robust and sustained reductions in clinical symptoms in a variety of psychiatric disorders have prompted an enormous resurgence of interest in the nature and mechanisms contributing to their effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-22", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.11.003", "pubmed_id": "38000715", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.11.003", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38000715\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1335, "title": "Epidemiology of classic psychedelic substances: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample", "normalized_title": "epidemiology of classic psychedelic substances results from a norwegian internet convenience sample", "authors": "Tor-Morten Kvam, Malin V. Uthaug, Kristoffer Andreas Aamodt Andersen, Birk Berggrav Refsum, Paula Aarseth Tunstad, Lowan H. Stewart, Henrik Børsting Jacobsen, Cato Grønnerød", "abstract": "Objective: In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in investigating the use of classic psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders. However, knowledge about the epidemiology of classic psychedelics in the Nordic countries is limited. Methods: We recruited adult, Norwegian participants who have had a memorable experience after taking a classic psychedelic substance. They filled in an anonymous internet survey with 119 items covering matters related to recreational use of psychedelics using a secure, web-based application. Data are presented by using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and standard deviations). Results: We recruited 841 participants, 770 (72% male; 88% 45 years or younger) of which were included in the data analysis. The intentions behind taking the psychedelic substance were mainly recreational (46.1%) or therapeutic (42.3%). Most participants reported that their most memorable experience was with psilocybin. As in modern era clinical trials, most participants were well-prepared before, did processing during, and did integration work after the experience, whereas only a minority were supported by a therapist. Self-perceived symptoms of various mental disorders and substance use disorders were prevalent in the sample. Most subjects reported improvements in their condition. Although adverse reactions were usually mild and short-lived, 4.2% lasted for 1 year or more. Persisting flashbacks were present for a year or more among 2.9% of the participants. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional sample of Norwegian, self-selecting adults, we shed light on what characterizes the most memorable experience with a classic psychedelic substance, including short- and long-term risks and benefits. For the most part, the psychedelic experience led to improvements in self-perceived symptoms of mental disorders and substance use disorders. However, a small subset experienced persisting adverse reactions.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-11-12", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1287196", "pubmed_id": "38025484", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1287196", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Norwegian, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Epidemiology, Recreation, Psychoactive substance, Sample (material), Hallucinogen, Medicine, Chromatography, Political science, Philosophy, Linguistics, Law, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Chemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388646562\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388646562\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":21,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2416912299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771056291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802902398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018943978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112932345\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152965122\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159875688\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297964908\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310207667\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311098334\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074901587\",\"display_name\":\"Tor-Morten Kvam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-1511\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079069147\",\"display_name\":\"Malin V. Uthaug\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-1325\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036508505\",\"display_name\":\"Kristoffer Andreas Aamodt Andersen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-4459\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093255940\",\"display_name\":\"Birk Berggrav Refsum\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093255941\",\"display_name\":\"Paula Aarseth Tunstad\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090682853\",\"display_name\":\"Lowan H. Stewart\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-2869\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045618254\",\"display_name\":\"Henrik Børsting Jacobsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-0003\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067038384\",\"display_name\":\"Cato Grønnerød\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-9601\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1287196\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388646562" }, { "id": 1334, "title": "Psychedelic Drugs or Hallucinogens: Exploring Their Medicinal Potential.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic drugs or hallucinogens exploring their medicinal potential", "authors": "Raj P, Rauniyar S, Sapkale B.", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens also referred to as psychedelics, are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perception, mood, and cognitive processes. These substances, historically intertwined with religious and cultural rituals, offer profound effects that extend beyond mere hallucinations to profoundly altered states of consciousness. Notable compounds like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, potent in their action on serotonin receptors, play pivotal roles in influencing brain functions. Despite societal misconceptions that have overshadowed their potential, contemporary research increasingly recognizes their therapeutic value. These substances have shown promise in treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety, leveraging their influence on neuroplasticity. Furthermore, they exhibit therapeutic potential across various conditions, challenging conventional treatment methodologies. Compared to substances like alcohol, traditional psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin emerge as relatively safer substances. The modern revival of scientific interest in psychedelics necessitates a renewed perspective, viewing them not just as recreational entities but as potent therapeutic tools. Harnessing their actual value mandates rigorous scientific investigations and a receptive societal discourse. A re-evaluation of their classification following international criteria is necessary in light of this increasing understanding. Hallucinogens or psychedelic drugs, if used correctly, can potentially be potential treatments for mental illness, signalling a paradigm shift from traditional techniques. To dispel myths and use their therapeutic advantages, embracing this potential necessitates thorough scientific investigation together with an open societal discourse.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-12", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.48719", "pubmed_id": "38094517", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48719", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38094517\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1288, "title": "Synergistic psychedelic - NMDAR modulator treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders.", "normalized_title": "synergistic psychedelic nmdar modulator treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders", "authors": "Heresco-Levy U, Lerer B.", "abstract": "Modern research data suggest a therapeutic role for serotonergic psychedelics in depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, although psychotomimetic effects may limit their widespread utilization. Serotonergic psychedelics enhance neuroplasticity via serotonin 2 A receptors (5HT2AR) activation and complex serotonergic-glutamatergic interactions involving the ionotropic glutamate receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) channel antagonists, i.e. ketamine, and glycine modulatory site full and partial agonists, i.e., D-serine (DSR) and D-cycloserine (DCS), share some of these mechanisms of action and have neuroplastic and antidepressant effects. Moreover, procognitive effects have been reported for DSR and DCS and 5HT2AR-NMDAR interactions modulate neuronal excitability in prefrontal cortex and represent a target for new antipsychotics. We hypothesize that the synchronous administration of a psychedelic and a NMDAR modulator may increase the therapeutic impact of each of the treatment components and allow for dose adjustments and improved safety. We propose to initially focus research on the acute concurrent administration of psilocybin and DSR or DCS in depression.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-08", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-023-02312-8", "pubmed_id": "37945694", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02312-8", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Ketamine, Cycloserine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Neuronal Plasticity, Drug Synergism", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37945694\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1319, "title": "Interaction of hallucinogenic rapid-acting antidepressants with mGlu2/3 receptor ligands as a window for more effective therapies.", "normalized_title": "interaction of hallucinogenic rapid acting antidepressants with mglu2 3 receptor ligands as a window for more effective therapies", "authors": "Chruścicka-Smaga B, Machaczka A, Szewczyk B, Pilc A.", "abstract": "The desire to find a gold-standard therapy for depression is still ongoing. Developing one universal and effective pharmacotherapy remains troublesome due to the high complexity and variety of symptoms. Over the last decades, the understanding of the mechanism of pathophysiology of depression and its key consequences for brain functioning have undergone significant changes, referring to the monoaminergic theory of the disease. After the breakthrough discovery of ketamine, research began to focus on the modulation of glutamatergic transmission as a new pharmacological target. Glutamate is a crucial player in mechanisms of a novel class of antidepressants, including hallucinogens such as ketamine. The role of glutamatergic transmission is also suggested in the antidepressant (AD) action of scopolamine and psilocybin. Despite fast, robust, and sustained AD action hallucinogens belonging to a group of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAA) exert significant undesired effects, which hamper their use in the clinic. Thus, the synergistic action of more than one substance in lower doses instead of monotherapy may alleviate the likelihood of adverse effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore AD-like behavioral, synaptic, and molecular action of RAAs such as ketamine, scopolamine, and psilocybin, in combination with mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-023-00547-4", "pubmed_id": "37932583", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00547-4", "keywords": "Ketamine, Scopolamine, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37932583\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1318, "title": "The possible place for psychedelics in pharmacotherapy of mental disorders.", "normalized_title": "the possible place for psychedelics in pharmacotherapy of mental disorders", "authors": "Wojtas A.", "abstract": "Since its emergence in the 1960s, the serotonergic theory of depression bore fruit in the discovery of a plethora of antidepressant drugs affecting the lives of millions of patients. While crucial in the history of drug development, recent studies undermine the effectiveness of currently used antidepressant drugs in comparison to placebo, emphasizing the long time it takes to initiate the therapeutic response and numerous adverse effects. Thus, the scope of contemporary pharmacological research shifts from drugs affecting the serotonin system to rapid-acting antidepressant drugs. The prototypical representative of the aforementioned class is ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist capable of alleviating the symptoms of depression shortly after the drug administration. This discovery led to a paradigm shift, focusing on amino-acidic neurotransmitters and growth factors. Alas, the drug is not perfect, as its therapeutic effect diminishes circa 2 weeks after administration. Furthermore, it is not devoid of some severe side effects. However, there seems to be another, more efficient, and safer way to target the glutamatergic system. Hallucinogenic agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor, commonly known as psychedelics, are nowadays being reconsidered in clinical practice, shedding their infamous 1970s stigma. More and more clinical studies prove their clinical efficacy and rapid onset after a single administration while bearing fewer side effects. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art literature and most recent clinical studies concerning the use of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of mental disorders. Specifically, the antidepressant potential of LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT will be discussed, together with a brief summary of other possible applications.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-11-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-023-00550-9", "pubmed_id": "37934320", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00550-9", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Ketamine, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37934320\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1125, "title": "Psilocybin does not induce the vulnerability marker HSP70 in neurons susceptible to Olney’s lesions", "normalized_title": "psilocybin does not induce the vulnerability marker hsp70 in neurons susceptible to olney s lesions", "authors": "Ana-Maria Iorgu, Andrei-Nicolae Vasilescu, Natascha Pfeiffer, Rainer Spanagel, Anne Stephanie Mallien, Dragoš Inta, Peter Gass", "abstract": "R) agonist, are reported as effective rapid-acting antidepressants. Both compounds increase glutamate signalling and evoke cortical hyperexcitation. S-ketamine induces neurotoxicity especially in the retrosplenial cortex (Olney's lesions). Whether psilocybin produces similar neurotoxic effects has so far not been investigated. We performed an immunohistochemical whole-brain mapping for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in rats treated with psilocybin, S-ketamine, and MK-801. In contrast to S-ketamine- and MK-801-treated animals, we did not detect any HSP70-positive neurons in retrosplenial cortex of rats treated with psilocybin. Our results suggest that psilocybin might be safer for clinical use compared to S-ketamine regarding neuronal damage.", "journal": "European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2023-11-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s00406-023-01699-3", "pubmed_id": "37934233", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01699-3", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Medicine, Vulnerability (computing), Psychology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Computer science, Computer security, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388460206\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388460206\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1914381346\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965590767\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973695082\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976598822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981234599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081534285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123924457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129134071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162650414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163815564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415989358\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883574984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108229983\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132500005\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158538936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159162240\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199420066\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206965048\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212962239\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280614952\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283011889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308485018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312056223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073370982\",\"display_name\":\"Ana-Maria Iorgu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0060-5113\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027116885\",\"display_name\":\"Andrei-Nicolae Vasilescu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-3964\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088621443\",\"display_name\":\"Natascha Pfeiffer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016315764\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Spanagel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-4521\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044250780\",\"display_name\":\"Anne Stephanie Mallien\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-6798\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002239988\",\"display_name\":\"Dragoš Inta\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037182482\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Gass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3959-6369\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S105662685\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01699-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388460206" }, { "id": 1336, "title": "Beyond the 5-HT2A Receptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action.", "normalized_title": "beyond the 5 ht2a receptor classic and nonclassic targets in psychedelic drug action", "authors": "Cameron LP, Benetatos J, Lewis V, Bonniwell EM, Jaster AM, Moliner R, Castrén E, McCorvy JD, Palner M, Aguilar-Valles A.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects and unique mechanisms of action. These compounds exert their primary effects through activating serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, found predominantly in cortical regions. By interacting with these receptors, serotonergic psychedelics induce alterations in perception, cognition, and emotions, leading to the characteristic psychedelic experience. One of the most crucial aspects of serotonergic psychedelics is their ability to promote neuroplasticity, the formation of new neural connections, and rewire neuronal networks. This neuroplasticity is believed to underlie their therapeutic potential for various mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. In this mini-review, we will discuss how the 5-HT2A receptor activation is just one facet of the complex mechanisms of action of serotonergic psychedelics. They also interact with other serotonin receptor subtypes, such as 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, and with neurotrophin receptors (e.g., tropomyosin receptor kinase B). These interactions contribute to the complexity of their effects on perception, mood, and cognition. Moreover, as psychedelic research advances, there is an increasing interest in developing nonhallucinogenic derivatives of these drugs to create safer and more targeted medications for psychiatric disorders by removing the hallucinogenic properties while retaining the potential therapeutic benefits. These nonhallucinogenic derivatives would offer patients therapeutic advantages without the intense psychedelic experience, potentially reducing the risks of adverse reactions. Finally, we discuss the potential of psychedelics as substrates for post-translational modification of proteins as part of their mechanism of action.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-10-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.1384-23.2023", "pubmed_id": "37940583", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1384-23.2023", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Anxiety, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37940583\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1354, "title": "A Comprehensive Review of the Current Status of the Cellular Neurobiology of Psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "a comprehensive review of the current status of the cellular neurobiology of psychedelics", "authors": "Banushi B, Polito V", "abstract": "Psychedelic substances have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects on various psychiatric disorders. This review delves into the intricate cellular neurobiology of psychedelics, emphasizing their potential therapeutic applications in addressing the global burden of mental illness. It focuses on contemporary research into the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms underlying these substances, particularly the role of 5-HT2A receptor signaling and the promotion of plasticity through the TrkB-BDNF pathway. The review also discusses how psychedelics affect various receptors and pathways and explores their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Overall, this research represents a significant development in biomedical sciences with the potential to transform mental health treatments.", "journal": "Biology", "publication_date": "2023-10-27", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/biology12111380", "pubmed_id": "37997979", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37997979/", "keywords": "5-HT2A, BDNF, LSD, TrkB, hallucinogen, neuroplasticity, psilocybin, psychedelic therapy, psychedelics, serotonergic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:37", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"37997979\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4747, "title": "Extended difficulties following the use of psychedelic drugs: A mixed methods study", "normalized_title": "extended difficulties following the use of psychedelic drugs a mixed methods study", "authors": "Jules Evans, Oliver Robinson, Eirini K. Argyri, Shayam Suseelan, Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner, Rosalind McAlpine, David Luke, Katrina Michelle, Ed Prideaux", "abstract": "Long-term adverse experiences following psychedelic use can persist for weeks, months, or even years, and are relatively unexplored in psychedelic research. Our convergent mixed-method study gained quantitative and qualitative data from 608 participants who reported extended difficulties following psychedelic experiences. Data was gathered on the context of use, the nature and duration of the challenges they experienced (including a written description of these), plus a range of possible risk factors and perceived causes. The most common forms of extended difficulty were feelings of anxiety and fear, existential struggle, social disconnection, depersonalization and derealization. For approximately one-third of the participants, problems persisted for over a year, and for a sixth, they endured for more than three years. It was found that a shorter duration of difficulties was predicted by knowledge of dose, drug type and lower levels of difficulty reported during the psychoactive experience, while a narrower range of difficulties was predicted by taking the drug in a guided setting. Implications for psychedelic harm reduction are discussed.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2023-10-23", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0293349", "pubmed_id": "37874826", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293349", "keywords": "Context (archaeology), Feeling, Anxiety, Psychology, Depersonalization, Disconnection, Clinical psychology, Harm reduction, Psilocybin, Medicine, Psychiatry, Social psychology, Hallucinogen, Public health, Political science, Law, Paleontology, Emotional exhaustion, Burnout, Nursing, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387902564\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387902564\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":165,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W648645029\",\"https://openalex.org/W1857921554\",\"https://openalex.org/W1914972138\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951008065\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976841572\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979290264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051521144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098984053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136747229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166423316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589381868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616187260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620252718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943533317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945244900\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039177208\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3117027168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129808111\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135650175\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137625689\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166553838\",\"https://openalex.org/W3168713078\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185399139\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W3188608552\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247582466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289745468\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290652664\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293194637\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309139242\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318754695\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323294129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361301344\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365455369\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366580975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367054142\",\"https://openalex.org/W4382515410\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387007980\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387019277\",\"https://openalex.org/W6990422071\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072520790\",\"display_name\":\"Jules Evans\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025782892\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver Robinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-2223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078863520\",\"display_name\":\"Eirini K. Argyri\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-1099\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033567852\",\"display_name\":\"Shayam Suseelan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020659258\",\"display_name\":\"Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037175471\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalind McAlpine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-0655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077423914\",\"display_name\":\"David Luke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-2453\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016489626\",\"display_name\":\"Katrina Michelle\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113230946\",\"display_name\":\"Ed Prideaux\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293349\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Safety", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387902564" }, { "id": 2991, "title": "Ethopharmacological evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of serotonergic psychedelics in C57BL/6J male mice.", "normalized_title": "ethopharmacological evaluation of antidepressant like effect of serotonergic psychedelics in c57bl 6j male mice", "authors": "Takaba R, Ibi D, Yoshida K, Hosomi E, Kawase R, Kitagawa H, Goto H, Achiwa M, Mizutani K, Maeda K, González-Maeso J, Kitagaki S, Hiramatsu M.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and DOI exert a hallucinatory effect through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A) activation. Recent studies have revealed that serotonergic psychedelics have therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive and anxiety-related disorders. However, the involvement of 5-HT2A in mediating the therapeutic effects of these drugs remains unclear. In this study, we ethopharmacologically analyzed the role of 5-HT2A in the occurrence of anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocin, an active metabolite of psilocybin, DOI, and TCB-2 in mice 24 h post-treatment. Mice with acute intraperitoneal psychedelic treatment exhibited significantly shorter immobility times in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail-suspension test (TST) than vehicle-treated control mice. These effects were eliminated by pretreatment with volinanserin, a 5-HT2A antagonist. Surprisingly, the decreasing immobility time in the FST in response to acute psilocin treatment was sustained for at least three weeks. In the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), the latency to feed, an indicator of anxiety-like behavior, was decreased by acute administration of psilocin; however, pretreatment with volinanserin did not diminish this effect. In contrast, DOI and TCB-2 did not affect the NSFT performance in mice. Furthermore, psilocin, DOI, and TCB-2 treatment did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity or head-twitch response, a hallucination-like behavior in rodents. These results suggest that 5-HT2A contributes to the antidepressant effects of serotonergic psychedelics rather than anxiolytic effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-10-23", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s00210-023-02778-x", "pubmed_id": "37874338", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02778-x", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Amphetamines, Methylamines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Behavior, Animal, Depression, Motor Activity, Swimming, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 07:01:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37874338\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1323, "title": "Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions.", "normalized_title": "cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine current status and future directions", "authors": "Wsół A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics are powerful psychoactive substances that alter perception and mood processes. Their effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric diseases was known before their prohibition. An increasing number of recent studies, due to the indisputable resurgence of serotonergic hallucinogens, have shown their efficacy in alleviating depression, anxiety, substance abuse therapies, and existential distress treatment in patients facing life-threatening illness. Psychedelics are generally considered to be physiologically safe with low toxicity and low addictive potential. However, their agonism at serotonergic receptors should be considered in the context of possible serotonin-related cardiotoxicity (5-HT2A/2B and 5-HT4 receptors), influence on platelet aggregation (5-HT2A receptor), and their proarrhythmic potential. The use of psychedelics has also been associated with significant sympathomimetic effects in both experimental and clinical studies. Therefore, the present review aims to provide a critical discussion of the cardiovascular safety of psilocybin, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine, ayahuasca, and mescaline, based on the results of experimental research and clinical trials in humans. Experimental studies provide inconsistent information on the potential cardiovascular effects and toxicity of psychedelics. Data from clinical trials point to the relative cardiovascular safety of psychedelic-assisted therapies in the population of \"healthy\" volunteers. However, there is insufficient evidence from therapies carried out with microdoses of psychedelics, and there is still a lack of data on the safety of psychedelics in the population of patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the exact determination of the cardiovascular safety of psychedelic therapies (especially long-term therapies) requires further research.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-10-23", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4", "pubmed_id": "37874530", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4", "keywords": "Humans, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Anxiety Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37874530\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3094, "title": "Pharmacological and behavioral effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms", "normalized_title": "pharmacological and behavioral effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin containing mushrooms", "authors": "Rakoczy RJ, Runge GN, Sen AK, Sandoval O, Nguyen Q, Roberts BR, Sciortino JH, Gibbons WJ, Friedberg LM, Andrew Jones J, McMurray MS.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Demand for more efficacious antidepressants, particularly those with a rapid onset of action, has resulted in a reevaluation of psychedelic drugs for their therapeutic potential. Several tryptamines found in psilocybin-containing ‘magic’ mushrooms share chemical similarities with psilocybin, and early work suggests they may also share receptor targets. However, few studies have explored their pharmacological and behavioral effects. To accomplish this, we compared baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin with psilocybin to determine if they are metabolized by the same enzymes, penetrate the blood brain barrier, serve as ligands for similar centrally located receptors, and modulate behavior in rodents similarly. We first assessed the stability and optimal storage and handling conditions for each compound. In vitro enzyme kinetics assays then found that all compounds shared nearly identical rates of dephosphorylation via alkaline phosphatase and metabolism by monoamine oxidase. Further, we found that only the dephosphorylated products of baeocystin and norbaeocystin could cross a blood brain barrier mimetic to a similar degree as the dephosphorylated form of psilocybin, psilocin. Behaviorally, only psilocybin was found to induce head twitch responses in rats, a marker of 5HT2A agonism and indicator of the compound’s hallucinogenic potential. However, like psilocybin, norbaeocystin was also found to improve outcomes in the forced swim test. All compounds were found to cause minimal changes to metrics of renal and hepatic health, suggesting innocuous safety profiles. Collectively, this work suggests that other naturally-occurring tryptamines, especially norbaeocystin, may share the same therapeutic potential as psilocybin, but without causing hallucinations. HIGHLIGHTS Baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin may have similar therapeutic value to psilocybin, but are understudied Compound stability varied widely, with dephosphorylated forms showing lowest stability Rates of metabolism by alkaline phosphatase and monoamine oxidase were similar across compounds Blood brain barrier penetration was limited to dephosphorylated forms of psilocybin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin Rat behavioral testing suggested norbaeocystin may have therapeutic utility similar to psilocybin, without causing hallucinations", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-10-22", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.10.19.563138", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.19.563138", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR746275\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 642, "title": "Effects of psilocybin, the 5-HT2A receptor agonist TCB-2, and the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 on visual attention in male mice in the continuous performance test", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin the 5 ht2a receptor agonist tcb 2 and the 5 ht2a receptor antagonist m100907 on visual attention in male mice in the continuous performance test", "authors": "Arya Rahbarnia, Zhaoxia Li, Paul Fletcher", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-10-18", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-023-06474-9", "pubmed_id": "37855864", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06474-9", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Agonist, Pharmacology, Antagonist, Hallucinogen, Receptor antagonist, Psychology, Receptor, Neuroscience, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387764874\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387764874\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1837409391\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965268681\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967010527\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986445373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987351380\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988810162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001901247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014885375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028127185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034352356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044729114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050753091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064085644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066875083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094026124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121264019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159951468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2183115134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762884552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765428571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805388162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884969857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921629193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007563926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093454394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234482113\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297141773\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313855425\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019871269\",\"display_name\":\"Arya Rahbarnia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100380849\",\"display_name\":\"Zhaoxia Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-072X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033903495\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Fletcher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-2280\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06474-9\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387764874" }, { "id": 1218, "title": "Psilocybin, an Effective Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in Adults - A Systematic Review.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin an effective treatment for major depressive disorder in adults a systematic review", "authors": "Watford T, Masood N.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a classical psychedelic which has been utilised for healing purposes for millenia. However, with its classification as a Schedule I substance, research into this compound is scarce with few FDA-approved clinical studies. Despite this, profound findings into its antidepressant effects (largely through its action on 5-HT1a receptors) in mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder have rapidly increased interest back into their potential therapeutic benefits. This systematic review provides an analysis of the studies examining the clinical use of psilocybin for major depressive disorder. In total 6 studies were selected, including 319 participants, with half being randomised controlled trials and half open label trials. In every study psychological support was included as an integral part of the treatment. It was found that every study significantly favoured the use of psilocybin in reducing depressive symptoms, with few side effects. This gives psilocybin an advantage over commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which carry more risk and cause more adverse effects. This drug therefore shows promise for being used as a clinical treatment for major depressive disorder, however future research should develop a paradigm for its use, with the timing of sessions and type of psychological support specified to allow for more precise analysis of the clinical effects of the drug. Additionally, more studies into its clinical efficacy are needed for appropriate detection of any publication bias. With this, psilocybin could prove to be revolutionary in treating depression and become an alternative medication to SSRIs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-10-15", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.9758/cpn.23.1120", "pubmed_id": "38247407", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.23.1120", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38247407\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1356, "title": "Psilocybin-induced changes in cerebral blood flow are associated with acute and baseline inter-individual differences", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced changes in cerebral blood flow are associated with acute and baseline inter individual differences", "authors": "Nathalie M. Rieser, Ladina P Gubser, Flora Moujaes, Patricia Duerler, Candace R. Lewis, Lars Michels, Franz X. Vollenweider, Katrin H. Preller", "abstract": "Research into the use of psilocybin for the treatment of psychiatric disorders is a growing field. Nevertheless, robust brain-behavior relationships linking psilocybin-induced brain changes to subjective drug-induced effects have not been established. Furthermore, it is unclear if the acute neural effects are dependent on individual heterogeneity in baseline characteristics. To address this, we assessed the effects of three oral doses of psilocybin vs. placebo on cerebral blood flow (CBF) using arterial spin labeling in healthy participants (N = 70; n = 31, 0.16 mg/kg; n = 10, 0.2 mg/kg; n = 29, 0.215 mg/kg). First, we quantified psilocybin-induced changes in relative and absolute CBF. Second, in an exploratory analysis, we assessed whether individual baseline characteristics and subjective psychedelic experience are associated with changes in CBF. Psychological and neurobiological baseline characteristics correlated with the psilocybin-induced reduction in relative CBF and the psilocybin-induced subjective experience. Furthermore, the psilocybin-induced subjective experience was associated with acute changes in relative and absolute CBF. The results demonstrated that inter-individual heterogeneity in the neural response to psilocybin is associated with baseline characteristics and shed light on the mechanisms underlying the psychedelic-induced altered state. Overall, these findings help guide the search for biomarkers, paving the way for a personalized medicine approach within the framework of psychedelic-assisted therapy.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2023-10-13", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-44153-z", "pubmed_id": "37838755", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44153-z", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Placebo, Cerebral blood flow, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Anesthesia, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387638849\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387638849\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W563138297\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963625493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965145090\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970365815\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973776237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977882221\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980268274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007543006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007734075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013567160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027470220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032187507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040386745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046580339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054147350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061761344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067904933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071539541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078297889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115493774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116641010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117098230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168222508\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324537639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342939947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398204531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547391969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2583506660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616216465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753236170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760291954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761856500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791194758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945509633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972604459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996549067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008903779\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097296260\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133615341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180355975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231938137\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318455092\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050105328\",\"display_name\":\"Nathalie M. Rieser\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-1409\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055186073\",\"display_name\":\"Ladina P Gubser\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039540919\",\"display_name\":\"Flora Moujaes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-0393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032942211\",\"display_name\":\"Patricia Duerler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3234\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035160894\",\"display_name\":\"Candace R. Lewis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032736128\",\"display_name\":\"Lars Michels\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-1100\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44153-z\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387638849" }, { "id": 4753, "title": "Psilocybin, Depression, and Synaptogenesis: Insights into the Field’s Past, Present, and Future", "normalized_title": "psilocybin depression and synaptogenesis insights into the field s past present and future", "authors": "Anna Douglas, Daniel Staas, Anna Hampton, Kylie Burns, F. Suter", "abstract": "Depression remains one the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration granted psilocybin breakthrough therapy status four years ago as a possible solution to this pervasive disorder. Since then, psilocybin, and hallucinogens in general, have produced promising results as alternatives to classical antidepressants. As more research confirms psilocybin’s potential therapeutic effect, research surrounding the mechanistic action of these 5-HT2A receptor agonists has increased as well. Hallucinogens have different downstream effects compared to non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonists, including the formation of a 5-HT2A receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor complex. Psilocybin’s unique synaptogenic effect may play a role in its therapeutic effect for major depressive disorder; however, the underlying mechanism by which synaptogenesis is induced upon psilocybin administration has not been explored. Psilocybin’s distinctive upregulation of transcription factors, such as egr-2, c-fos, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and its connection with the TrkB signaling pathway, may be the answer to this unexplained mechanism.", "journal": "Georgetown Scientific Research Journal", "publication_date": "2023-10-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.48091/gsr.v3i2.62", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.48091/gsr.v3i2.62", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Synaptogenesis, Psychology, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387521317\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387521317\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W64167353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004874491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047342629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064983289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085598752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085685373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110795584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131612987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139565721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291443053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744015991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793761191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805187573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933363539\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123138937\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146268156\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297522390\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109645729\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Douglas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093041440\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Staas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093041441\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Hampton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082120777\",\"display_name\":\"Kylie Burns\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-2252\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111000385\",\"display_name\":\"F. Suter\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5407055895\",\"source_display_name\":\"Georgetown Scientific Research Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.48091/gsr.v3i2.62\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387521317" }, { "id": 3188, "title": "Synergistic, Multi-level Understanding of Psychedelics: Three Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Their Pharmacology, Neuroimaging and Phenomenology", "normalized_title": "synergistic multi level understanding of psychedelics three systematic reviews and meta analyses of their pharmacology neuroimaging and phenomenology", "authors": "Shinozuka K, Jerotic K, Mediano P, Zhao AT, Preller KH, Carhart-Harris R, Kringelbach ML.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics induce altered states of consciousness and have shown potential for treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and addiction. Yet their modes of action are not fully understood. Here, we provide a novel, synergistic understanding of psychedelics arising from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of three hierarchical levels of analysis: 1) subjective experience (phenomenology), 2) neuroimaging and 3) molecular pharmacology. Phenomenologically, medium and high doses of LSD yield significantly higher ratings of visionary restructuralisation than psilocybin on the 5-dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Scale. Our neuroimaging results reveal that, in general, psychedelics significantly strengthen between-network functional connectivity (FC) while significantly diminishing within-network FC. Pharmacologically, LSD induces significantly more inositol phosphate formation at the 5-HT2A receptor than DMT and psilocin, yet there are no significant between-drug differences in the selectivity of psychedelics for the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, or D2 receptors, relative to the 5-HT1A receptor. Our meta-analyses link DMT, LSD, and psilocybin to specific neural fingerprints at each level of analysis. The results show a highly non-linear relationship between these fingerprints. Overall, our analysis highlighted the high heterogeneity and risk of bias in the literature. This suggests an urgent need for standardising experimental procedures and analysis techniques, as well as for more research on the emergence between different levels of psychedelic effects.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-10-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.10.06.561183", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.06.561183", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR738055\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4754, "title": "Psychedelics and Psychotherapy: Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of its Parts?", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and psychotherapy is the whole greater than the sum of its parts", "authors": "Robert H. Dworkin, Michael McDermott, Sandeep M. Nayak, Eric C. Strain", "abstract": "Clinical trials of psychedelics have provided support for their potential efficacy and safety. Although most combined a psychedelic with psychological support akin to psychotherapy, providing psychotherapy is costlier and more difficult to scale than providing only support to reduce harms. Trials with factorial designs can evaluate the individual effects of a psychedelic and psychotherapy and any synergistic interaction between them. Such trials would provide an important evidence base for developing safe and cost-effective psychedelic treatments. Psychedelics, such as psilocybin, have received increasing attention over the past 2 decades as potential treatments for a variety of medical conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and migraine and cluster headache.1-5 This is undoubtedly a result of several factors, including promising results of early clinical trials, generally modest efficacy of existing treatments for these conditions, and provocative reports in the popular press. Despite this enthusiasm, critically important questions about psychedelics remain unanswered, especially confirmation of efficacy and safety in phase III trials as well as mechanisms of action, appropriate contexts of use, and methodologic challenges, including blinding integrity.3-5 In addition, future clinical trials will need to examine the potential roles of postdosing neuroplasticity from psychedelics6 and of home and other environmental factors7 in accounting for whether treatment benefits persist. In these comments, we focus on “classic” psychedelics administered as single doses that typically cause marked perceptual effects and alterations in consciousness (e.g., psilocybin, mescaline, and LSD) primarily via serotonin 2a agonism. These are distinct in mechanism from other agents with somewhat similar subjective effects (e.g., ketamine and MDMA). However, many of the issues we discuss are applicable to these other medications as well as to “microdosing.”1 Clinical trials of classic psychedelics conducted during the past 2 decades have typically randomized patients to 1 or 2 doses of a psychedelic vs. an inert placebo or other treatment intended to make it more likely that patients and investigators will remain blinded to the treatment allocation (e.g., a stimulant, sedative-hypnotic, or lower psychedelic dose).3 In most of these trials, patients also received some type of psychotherapy or supportive counseling, with preparatory visits that began before the psychedelic was administered and that often continued for several weeks thereafter. The specific type of psychosocial support provided has been heterogeneous, including cognitive-behavioral, supportive, and motivational therapies. Although we acknowledge there can be debate about the precise nature of the psychological interventions offered in psychedelic trials,2 we argue that these frequently share such factors common to all psychotherapies as the importance of the therapeutic relationship, the healing setting, and an overarching therapeutic rationale.8 Thus, for the purposes of this paper, we refer to these psychological interventions as psychotherapy. Several different assumptions have been made about the benefits of combining psychedelics with support or therapy. Foremost among these is safety; even in the controlled environment of clinical trials, for some individuals, psychedelic experiences can be frightening, including anxiety, hallucinations, and paranoia.1 In addition, adverse cardiovascular events have been reported in individuals taking classic psychedelics.5 For these reasons, careful preparation of patients enrolled in clinical trials and the presence of trained monitors during the psychedelic session are considered essential to minimize harms.5 Many investigators also believe that providing psychotherapy in combination with a psychedelic enhances the magnitude and duration of the benefits of the psychedelic. For this reason, preparatory psychotherapy beginning before the psychedelic session, one or two therapists accompanying the patient during the session, and integrative psychotherapy following the session is a common approach, with the total number of pre- and post-treatment visits ranging widely.2 The combination of a psychedelic and time-limited psychotherapy to maximize treatment benefits must be distinguished from the combination of a psychedelic and the support required to reduce the risk of adverse events.4 These two broad approaches to psychedelic treatment require different resources, and providing even time-limited psychotherapy is more costly and more difficult to scale than only providing support to minimize harms. It has been suggested that the specific pharmacology of psychedelics works synergistically with the context in which they are administered, and that enriched contexts, such as psychotherapy, will be associated with greater benefits of the psychedelic.7 It is therefore possible that benefits of a psychedelic combined with psychotherapy could be substantially greater than the benefits of a psychedelic alone and that the increased costs and other challenges would be worthwhile. For this reason, informative evaluations of such synergies are needed to determine optimal approaches to providing psychedelic treatment and their benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness. This information will be critically important to patients, clinicians, regulatory agencies, and the government and other organizations that would cover the costs of such treatment. But what exactly is meant by synergy and how can it be evaluated? True synergy is present when the effect of a combination treatment is superior to the sum of the effects of its individual components, or as attributed to Aristotle, “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” In contrast, additivity is present when the effect of the combination equals the sum of the effects of its components, and subadditivity is present when the effect of the combination is less than the sum of the component effects.9, 10 A combination effect that is subadditive but greater than the effect of each of its components can be considered “favorable” subadditivity, whereas a combination effect that is less than (or equal to) the effect of each of its components can be considered “adverse” subadditivity. Randomized clinical trials with factorial designs make it possible to evaluate the individual effects of two (or more) treatments as well as any synergistic or subadditive interaction between them in a single trial. In a 2 × 2 factorial trial of a psychedelic and time-limited psychotherapy, patients would be randomized to four different groups (see Figure 1): (i) double placebo condition (placebo drug plus psychotherapy control); (ii) psychotherapy alone (placebo drug plus psychotherapy); (iii) psychedelic alone (psychedelic plus psychotherapy control); and (iv) combination treatment (psychedelic and psychotherapy). In such a trial, we assume that steps would be required for all groups to reduce the risk of adverse events, such as patient education and a low threshold to pharmacologically abort drug effects in the event of marked distress. These steps would ideally be designed to limit as much as possible the characteristics of the psychotherapy that are hypothesized to synergize with the psychedelic. In addition, careful consideration would need to be given to the psychotherapy control, including the extent to which nonspecific factors, such as expectations and re-assurance, can be addressed. As emphasized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in a recent draft guidance on psychedelics, a factorial design makes it possible to evaluate “the separate contributions of drug and psychotherapy to any observed treatment response.”5 Importantly, the data from a factorial trial also make it possible to test the hypothesis that the combination of a psychedelic and psychotherapy is truly synergistic, with its benefit exceeding the sum of the benefits of each of these treatments administered alone. Although synergy may be rare for medical treatments, it is a plausible hypothesis that the benefits of combining a psychedelic with psychotherapy will show synergy. First, it is possible that the psychedelic itself exerts therapeutic effects by a psychotherapeutic mechanism, namely via affective and cognitive effects. Second, psychedelics may acutely increase neuroplasticity, which could facilitate change from ongoing psychotherapy. The psychedelic session could also enhance the benefits of psychotherapy by increasing openness to experience, readiness to change, and other factors associated with psychotherapeutic improvement.7, 8 These are not mutually exclusive mechanisms, and, for many years, the predominant orientation of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has involved such mutually reinforcing processes. In conducting a standard 2 × 2 factorial trial to evaluate the magnitude or duration of therapeutic benefit of a combination treatment, the dosages or number of therapy visits of the component treatments would be kept the same in all conditions, that is, whether the treatment is administered in combination with the other active treatment or with its control. This design can be contrasted with other approaches that would examine whether the benefits of combination treatment could involve lower dosages of one or more of the components compared with dosages used for monotherapy.10 In addition, other combinations could be intended to decrease risks, as noted above (e.g., providing just support with psychedelics to minimize harms), or to enhance compliance with one or more components (e.g., by increasing tolerability or convenience). Depending on the specific clinical trial design, such benefits may not demonstrate true synergy, nor would studies showing that combination treatments are superior to one of more of their components. These can all be important research objectives, but it is beyond our scope to discuss the clinical trial designs that would evaluate such benefits of psychedelic treatment. We conclude by emphasizing the critical importance of conducting informative clinical trials with factorial designs of psychedelics and psychotherapy. Although there are many examples of uninformative clinical trials, one common problem arises from inadequate sample sizes and statistical power. Factorial trials of combination treatments need large sample sizes to detect even moderate interactions with adequate power, and must consider the impact of missing data and treatment noncompliance.9 Such trials require considerable resources, but they can provide informative evaluations of treatment efficacy (including synergy) and safety. There is a substantial public health burden of psychiatric disorders, chronic pain, and other conditions that can have adverse effects on quality of life. If clinical trials demonstrate that the benefits of combining psychedelics and psychotherapy are truly synergistic, this treatment approach has the potential to improve the well-being of large numbers of patients around the world. Preparation of this article was supported by the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks and Pediatric Anesthesia Safety Initiative (ACTTION/PASI) public-private partnership with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has received research contracts, grants, or other revenue from the FDA, multiple pharmaceutical and device companies, philanthropy, royalties, and other sources (a list of industry sponsors can be found at https://www.acttion.org/partners). R.H.D. has received in the past 5 years research grants and contracts from the FDA and the US National Institutes of Health, and compensation for serving on advisory boards or consulting on clinical trial methods from Abide, Acadia, Adynxx, Analgesic Solutions, Aptinyx, Aquinox, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Beckley, Biogen, Biohaven, Biosplice, Boston Scientific, Braeburn, Cardialen, Centrexion, Chiesi, Chromocell, Clexio, Collegium, CoimbiGene, Confo, Decibel, Editas, Eli Lilly, Endo, Ethismos (equity), Eupraxia, Exicure, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Gloriana, Hope, Juca, Kriya, Lotus, Mainstay, Merck, Mind Medicine (also equity), Neumentum, Neurana, NeuroBo, Novaremed, Novartis, OliPass, Orion, Oxford Cannabinoid Technologies, Pfizer, Q-State, Reckitt Benckiser, Regenacy (also equity), Rho, Sangamo, Sanifit, Scilex, Semnur, SIMR Biotech, Sinfonia, SK Biopharmaceuticals, Sollis, SPM Therapeutics, SPRIM Health, Teva, Theranexus, Vertex, Vizuri, and WCG. M.P.M. has received research funding from the National Institutes of Health, the FDA, Cure SMA, and PTC Therapeutics. He has received consulting fees from NeuroDerm, Ltd. and Fulcrum Therapeutics, Inc. He has served on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for the National Institutes of Health, Eli Lilly and Company, Catabasis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Vaccinex, Inc., Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Voyager Therapeutics, Prilenia Therapeutics Development, Ltd., ReveraGen BioPharma, Inc., and NS Pharma, Inc. S.M.N. is a co-investigator on a study of psilocybin for major depressive disorder funded by Usona Institute and has received funding via The Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research from the Steven and Alexandra Cohen Foundation, Tim Ferriss, Matt Mullenweg, Blake Mycoskie, and Craig Nerenberg. E.C.S. has consulted, done work for, received study support from, or served on advisory boards to the following organizations: Cerevel, Fast Track Drugs and Biologics, Masimo/Innovative Health Solutions, Otsuka, Pear Therapeutics, UpToDate, and Wolters Kluwer. The views expressed are those of the authors, and no endorsement by the FDA should be inferred. The organizations and individuals that have provided support for the ACTTION/PASI public-private partnership with the FDA had no role in the preparation of this article or in the decision to submit it for publication.", "journal": "Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2023-10-04", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/cpt.3050", "pubmed_id": "37795632", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.3050", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Mescaline, Clinical trial, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387357883\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387357883\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":16,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1985273549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015023224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281558645\",\"https://openalex.org/W4376223664\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062558520\",\"display_name\":\"Robert H. Dworkin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-5488\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060095007\",\"display_name\":\"Michael McDermott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-0745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017911936\",\"display_name\":\"Eric C. Strain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-5461\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S159852663\",\"source_display_name\":\"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.3050\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Microdosing,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387357883" }, { "id": 1360, "title": "An open-label pilot trial assessing tolerability and feasibility of LSD microdosing in patients with major depressive disorder (LSDDEP1)", "normalized_title": "an open label pilot trial assessing tolerability and feasibility of lsd microdosing in patients with major depressive disorder lsddep1", "authors": "C Donegan, Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno, Rachael L. Sumner, David B Menkes, William J. Evans, Nicholas Hoeh, Frederick Sundram, Lisa Reynolds, Rhys Ponton, Alana Cavadino, Todd Smith, Partha S. Roop, Nathan Allen, Binu Abeysinghe, Darren Svirskis, Anna Forsyth, Mahima Bansal, Suresh Muthukumaraswamy", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Globally, an estimated 260 million people suffer from depression [1], and there is a clear need for the development of new, alternative antidepressant therapies. In light of problems with the tolerability and efficacy of available treatments [2], a global trend is emerging for patients to self-treat depression with microdoses of psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin [3]. Beyond anecdotal reports from those who self-medicate in this way, few clinical trials have evaluated this practice. In our recently published phase 1 study in healthy volunteers [4], we determined that LSD microdosing was relatively safe and well tolerated in that cohort. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that conducting such microdosing trials is broadly feasible, with excellent adherence and compliance to the regimen observed. In this open-label pilot trial of patients with major depressive disorder (LSDDEP1), we will test the tolerability and feasibility of an 8-week regimen of LSD microdosing in this patient group prior to a larger subsequent randomised controlled trial (LSDDEP2). METHODS: Twenty patients meeting the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder will receive an 8-week LSD microdosing treatment regimen. The treatment protocol will use a sublingual formulation of LSD (MB-22001) delivered twice per week under a titration schedule using a dose of 5-15 µg. Tolerability will be assessed by quantifying the percentage of participants who withdraw from the trial due to adverse events attributable to the treatment regimen, while feasibility will be assessed by quantifying the percentage of attended clinic visits once enrolled. To determine whether there is any antidepressant response to the LSD microdosing regimen, MADRS scores will be assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the commencement of the regimen. DISCUSSION: The results of LSDDEP1 will provide valuable information regarding the tolerability and feasibility of a proposed LSD microdosing regimen in patients with MDD. Such information is critically important to optimise trial design prior to commencing a subsequent and more resource-intensive randomised controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ANZCTR, ACTRN12623000486628. Registered on 12 May 2023.", "journal": "Pilot and Feasibility Studies", "publication_date": "2023-10-04", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1186/s40814-023-01399-8", "pubmed_id": "37798662", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-023-01399-8", "keywords": "Tolerability, Medicine, Clinical trial, Regimen, Adverse effect, Major depressive disorder, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Mood, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387372869\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387372869\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":23,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1600842039\",\"https://openalex.org/W1762787217\",\"https://openalex.org/W1943465630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998681388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017152382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022191212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023999328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037227674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047443639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060856863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062397786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069138677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085758661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096064358\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109935313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124516067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137432242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168851339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2258630200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330055266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340346722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2496593060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607852239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2750375652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787124717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898546902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944368562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963170513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971486472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981686921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996366481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996549067\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002125030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004910645\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016989441\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036067965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081126678\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118196774\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122600144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213950460\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210511938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290631853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290841423\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361213071\",\"https://openalex.org/W6621971823\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107168524\",\"display_name\":\"C Donegan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6936-4587\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068416781\",\"display_name\":\"Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-2873\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085832078\",\"display_name\":\"Rachael L. Sumner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-4617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083369404\",\"display_name\":\"David B Menkes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-7896\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077373192\",\"display_name\":\"William J. Evans\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-1471\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017285484\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas Hoeh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-1208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016767488\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick Sundram\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-9856\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062182344\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa Reynolds\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-2135\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083270296\",\"display_name\":\"Rhys Ponton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-2333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054088334\",\"display_name\":\"Alana Cavadino\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-367X\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Todd Smith\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076621370\",\"display_name\":\"Partha S. Roop\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-5678\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002861624\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan Allen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-819X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086621188\",\"display_name\":\"Binu Abeysinghe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046913723\",\"display_name\":\"Darren Svirskis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-1773\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055967067\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Forsyth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-2691\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059452468\",\"display_name\":\"Mahima Bansal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-0886\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000583874\",\"display_name\":\"Suresh Muthukumaraswamy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-3920\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764511738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pilot and Feasibility Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-023-01399-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387372869" }, { "id": 4755, "title": "Psilocybin shows promising results in subjects continuing to use an antidepressant", "normalized_title": "psilocybin shows promising results in subjects continuing to use an antidepressant", "authors": "", "abstract": "Ongoing antidepressant treatment is believed to alter the psychedelic effect of psilocybin, so most psilocybin trials have required withdrawal from antidepressants before enrollment. There has been recent evidence, however, that administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) does not significantly alter the acute subjective effects of psilocybin. A Phase 2 open-label trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single dose of psilocybin with psychological support as adjunctive treatment to an SSRI in adults with treatment-resistant depression. Outpatients who met DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder and had experienced inadequate response to 2 to 4 antidepressant treatments in the current episode were eligible for inclusion. Participants received a single dose of psilocybin 25 mg during a 6- to 8-hour session accompanied by a therapist who did not actively guide participants. Up to three weeks of follow-up occurred in order to monitor safety and efficacy. Among the safety outcomes were incidence of adverse events, scores on laboratory tests, and change from baseline in suicidality. The primary efficacy outcome was change from baseline to 3 weeks post-administration in total score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Nineteen participants completed the study. Twelve participants experienced a total of 17 treatment-emergent adverse events, none of which were considered serious. No reports of active suicidal ideation occurred. Participants showed a clinically meaningful change from baseline on the primary efficacy measure, with improvement apparent by day 2 of the study. A total of 42.1% of participants achieved response as measured by the MADRS at week 3. Improvements in anxiety and quality of life were reported. [Goodwin, G., et al. (2023). Neuropsychopharmacol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01648-7]", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2023-10-03", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/pu.31089", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pu.31089", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Psychology, Computer science, Medicine, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387361294\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387361294\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pu.31089\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387361294" }, { "id": 4763, "title": "UNRAVELLING THE ROLE OF5-HT2AR ACTIVATION IN THE LONG-LASTING BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF PSILOCYBIN", "normalized_title": "unravelling the role of5 ht2ar activation in the long lasting behavioral effects of psilocybin", "authors": "Chloé Galipeau, Miguel Farinha-Ferreira, Jean-Charles Mariani, Samuel Diebolt, Louis Barthe, Renata Santos, Zsolt Lenkei, Ana M. Sebastião", "abstract": "", "journal": "IBRO Neuroscience Reports", "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1116", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1116", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388366064\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388366064\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093197255\",\"display_name\":\"Chloé Galipeau\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053858250\",\"display_name\":\"Miguel Farinha-Ferreira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-0717\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069076366\",\"display_name\":\"Jean-Charles Mariani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1943-1591\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047766538\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel Diebolt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-7263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093197256\",\"display_name\":\"Louis Barthe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046759700\",\"display_name\":\"Renata Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3085-5128\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084817390\",\"display_name\":\"Zsolt Lenkei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-5931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021255614\",\"display_name\":\"Ana M. Sebastião\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-6115\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210237554\",\"source_display_name\":\"IBRO Neuroscience Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1116\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388366064" }, { "id": 4762, "title": "MODULATION OF SYNAPTIC FUNCTION AND NEURONAL NETWORK ACTIVITY BY SEROTONERGIC PSYCHEDELICS", "normalized_title": "modulation of synaptic function and neuronal network activity by serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Aneta Petrušková, Eva-Maria Weiss, Debarpan Guhathakurta, Enes Yağız Akdaş, Bartomeu Perelló, Renato Frischknecht, Tomáš Páleníček, Anna Fejtová", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics (SP) such as psilocybin, LSD or DMT pose significant potential for development of new strategies in treating neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and addiction. To bring these substances to clinical application, however, better understanding of the mechanisms behind their effects on many levels, including cellular and molecular, is necessary. Imaging studies in human following SP treatment as well as animal studies showed acute changes in neuronal activity and connectivity with sometimes contradictory findings.", "journal": "IBRO Neuroscience Reports", "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.608", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.608", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Modulation (music), Psychology, Serotonin, Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Receptor, Acoustics, Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health, Scientific Research and Philosophical Inquiry, Advanced Scientific Research Methods", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388365459\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388365459\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015243338\",\"display_name\":\"Aneta Petrušková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7146-6105\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069555190\",\"display_name\":\"Eva-Maria Weiss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1229-8557\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040178131\",\"display_name\":\"Debarpan Guhathakurta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-6366\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091344134\",\"display_name\":\"Enes Yağız Akdaş\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-064X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093197066\",\"display_name\":\"Bartomeu Perelló\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036365875\",\"display_name\":\"Renato Frischknecht\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-7511\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048830214\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Fejtová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-4409\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210237554\",\"source_display_name\":\"IBRO Neuroscience Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.608\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388365459" }, { "id": 4761, "title": "PSILOCYBIN EXERTS ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS IN A CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) ANIMAL MODEL", "normalized_title": "psilocybin exerts antidepressant effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress cums animal model", "authors": "Ines Erkizia-Santamaría, J. Javier Meana, Igor Horrillo, Jorge E. Ortega", "abstract": "", "journal": "IBRO Neuroscience Reports", "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1097", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1097", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Pharmacology, Medicine, Chronic stress, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Anesthesia, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388363773\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388363773\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064629089\",\"display_name\":\"Ines Erkizia-Santamaría\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-4571\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024198476\",\"display_name\":\"J. Javier Meana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028869928\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Horrillo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033481973\",\"display_name\":\"Jorge E. Ortega\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-874X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210237554\",\"source_display_name\":\"IBRO Neuroscience Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1097\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388363773" }, { "id": 4758, "title": "6.3 Psilocybin Therapy for the Treatment of Young Adults With Anorexia Nervosa: State of the Research", "normalized_title": "6 3 psilocybin therapy for the treatment of young adults with anorexia nervosa state of the research", "authors": "Amanda E. Downey", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.666", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.666", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia nervosa, Context (archaeology), Psychotherapist, Serotonergic, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical trial, Medicine, Eating disorders, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Biology, Receptor, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387494383\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387494383\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037114160\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda E. Downey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-7798\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S60711021\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.666\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387494383" }, { "id": 4757, "title": "Psychedelics as Therapeutics: Research Advances and Implications for Practice", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as therapeutics research advances and implications for practice", "authors": "Kevin M. Gray, Paul E. Croarkin", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.1001", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.1001", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Context (archaeology), Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Mental health, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Biology, Internal medicine, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387492993\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387492993\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059810022\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin M. Gray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-7395\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058499524\",\"display_name\":\"Paul E. Croarkin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-6503\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S60711021\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.1001\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387492993" }, { "id": 2010, "title": "CROSS-SPECIES EVIDENCE FOR PSILOCIN-INDUCED VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS: RATS PERCEIVE QUALITATIVELY SIMILAR CHANGES AS HUMANS", "normalized_title": "cross species evidence for psilocin induced visual hallucinations rats perceive qualitatively similar changes as humans", "authors": "Čestmír Vejmola, Kateřina Syrová, Klára Šíchová, Vlastimil Koudelka, Jan Hubený, Tereza Klučková, M. Nikolič, Eduard Kelemen, Tomáš Páleníček", "abstract": "GABAB receptors are the metabotropic GABA neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system constituting a fundamental part of the inhibitory modulation mechanism.These receptors are heterodimers composed of GABAB1 and GABAB2 which function is modulated by the potassium channel tetramerization domain proteins (KCTD) from clade F (KCTD16; KCTD12 and KCTD8).In our experiments we explored the possible role of the KCTD16 in modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission in different pain models using KCTD16 KO and WT mice (obtained from B. Bettler, Uni Basel) and the transgenic mutant mice (VGAT-ChR2-EYFP crossed with KCTD16 KO).Behavioral experiments were performed to access mechanical and thermal sensitivity, whole-cell patch clamp recordings from spinal cord dorsal horn neurons was used to record miniature postsynaptic excitatory currents mEPSC, light-evoked inhibitory currents leIPSC and calcium imaging from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal cultures were also performed.Our preliminary data suggest that under control conditions the mechanical and thermal sensitivity and the excitatory and inhibitory currents recorded from the dorsal horn neurons do not differ significantly between the KO and WT mice.However, the treatment of the control animals with the GABABR agonist (baclofen) revealed a stronger effect on WT animals in comparison to the KO, producing higher thresholds for thermal and mechanical stimulation.In a model of peripheral inflammation, the KCTD16 KO mice showed a tendency to higher thermal and mechanical thresholds and there was significantly reduced inhibitory effect of Baclofen on the mEPSC and leIPSC.Our data suggest that the KCTD16 protein modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission could play a role especially during pathological conditions, when GABABR are activated.The role of the KCTD16 in modulation of nociception and pain needs further experiments to fully understand its importance.This work was supported by", "journal": "IBRO Neuroscience Reports", "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1471", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1471", "keywords": "Psychology, Visual Hallucination, Cognitive psychology, Psychiatry, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388362849\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4388362849\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009033234\",\"display_name\":\"Čestmír Vejmola\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-5978\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007990350\",\"display_name\":\"Kateřina Syrová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-1303\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002474987\",\"display_name\":\"Klára Šíchová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-822X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070851256\",\"display_name\":\"Vlastimil Koudelka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-7529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093196352\",\"display_name\":\"Jan Hubený\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016041833\",\"display_name\":\"Tereza Klučková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0335-6201\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010574775\",\"display_name\":\"M. Nikolič\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-7287\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059293861\",\"display_name\":\"Eduard Kelemen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-6314\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210237554\",\"source_display_name\":\"IBRO Neuroscience Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.1471\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388362849" }, { "id": 1362, "title": "Use of Psychedelics for Pain: A Scoping Review.", "normalized_title": "use of psychedelics for pain a scoping review", "authors": "Goel A, Rai Y, Sivadas S, Diep C, Clarke H, Shanthanna H, Ladha KS.", "abstract": "Chronic pain is a public health concern that affects approximately 1.5 billion people globally. Conventional therapeutic agents including opioid and non-opioid analgesics have been associated with adverse side effects, issues with addiction, and ineffective analgesia. Novel agents repurposed to treat pain via different mechanisms are needed to fill the therapeutic gap in chronic pain management. Psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin (the active ingredient in psychedelic mushrooms) are thought to alter pain perception through direct serotonin receptor agonism, anti-inflammatory effects, and synaptic remodeling. This scoping review was conducted to identify human studies in which psychedelic agents were used for the treatment of pain. Twenty-one articles that assessed the effects of psychedelics in treating various pain states were included. The present scarcity of clinical trials and small sample sizes limit their application for clinical use. Overall, psychedelics appear to show promise for analgesia in patients with certain headache disorders and cancer pain diagnoses. Future studies must aim to examine the combined effects of psychotherapy and psychedelics on chronic pain.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-09-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1097/aln.0000000000004673", "pubmed_id": "37698433", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000004673", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Analgesia, Pain Perception, Pain Management, Chronic Pain, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37698433\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Adverse Events,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3728, "title": "Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: past, present, and future.", "normalized_title": "neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development past present and future", "authors": "Wall MB, Harding R, Zafar R, Rabiner EA, Nutt DJ, Erritzoe D.", "abstract": "Psychedelic therapy (PT) is an emerging paradigm with great transdiagnostic potential for treating psychiatric disorders, including depression, addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder, and potentially others. 'Classic' serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which have a key locus of action at the 5-HT2A receptor, form the main focus of this movement, but substances including ketamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ibogaine also hold promise. The modern phase of development of these treatment modalities in the early 21st century has occurred concurrently with the wider use of advanced human neuroscientific research methods; principally neuroimaging. This can potentially enable assessment of drug and therapy brain effects with greater precision and quantification than any previous novel development in psychiatric pharmacology. We outline the major trends in existing data and suggest the modern development of PT has benefitted greatly from the use of neuroimaging. Important gaps in existing knowledge are identified, namely: the relationship between acute drug effects and longer-term (clinically-relevant) effects, the precise characterisation of effects at the 5-HT2A receptor and relationships with functional/clinical effects, and the possible impact of these compounds on neuroplasticity. A road-map for future research is laid out, outlining clinical studies which will directly address these three questions, principally using combined Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods, plus other adjunct techniques. Multimodal (PET/MRI) studies using modern PET techniques such as the 5-HT2A-selective ligand [11 C]Cimbi-36 (and other ligands sensitive to neuroplasticity changes) alongside MRI measures of brain function would provide a 'molecular-functional-clinical bridge' in understanding. Such results would help to resolve some of these questions and provide a firmer foundation for the ongoing development of PT.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-09-26", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-023-02271-0", "pubmed_id": "37759038", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02271-0", "keywords": "Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Neuroimaging, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:08:42", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37759038\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1369, "title": "A suite of engineered mice for interrogating psychedelic drug actions", "normalized_title": "a suite of engineered mice for interrogating psychedelic drug actions", "authors": "Chiu Y, Deutch AY, Wang W, Schmitz GP, Huang KL, Kocak DD, Llorach P, Bowyer K, Liu B, Sciaky N, Hua K, Chen C, Mott SE, Niehaus J, DiBerto JF, English J, Walsh JJ, Scherrer G, Herman MA, Wu Z, Wetsel WC, Roth BL.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Psychedelic drugs like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin have emerged as potentially transformative therapeutics for many neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, migraine, and cluster headaches. LSD and psilocybin exert their psychedelic effects via activation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (HTR2A). Here we provide a suite of engineered mice useful for clarifying the role of HTR2A and HTR2A-expressing neurons in psychedelic drug actions. We first generated Htr2a -EGFP-CT-IRES-CreERT2 mice (CT:C-terminus) to independently identify both HTR2A-EGFP-CT receptors and HTR2A-containing cells thereby providing a detailed anatomical map of HTR2A and identifying cell types that express HTR2A. We also generated a humanized Htr2a mouse line and an additional constitutive Htr2A -Cre mouse line. Psychedelics induced a variety of known behavioral changes in our mice validating their utility for behavioral studies. Finally, electrophysiology studies revealed that extracellular 5-HT elicited a HTR2A-mediated robust increase in firing of genetically-identified pyramidal neurons--consistent with a plasma membrane localization and mode of action. These mouse lines represent invaluable tools for elucidating the molecular, cellular, pharmacological, physiological, behavioral, and other actions of psychedelic drugs in vivo.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-09-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.09.25.559347", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.25.559347", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR730960\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1314, "title": "Perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapy among Black Americans", "normalized_title": "perceptions of psychedelic assisted therapy among black americans", "authors": "Sierra Carter, Grace Packard, Callan Coghlan, Jamilah R. George, Ashanti J. Brown, Terence H. W. Ching, Jacob Julian, Jessica L. Maples-Keller", "abstract": "The present study investigated differences in perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapy between Black and White Americans, as well as factors that may influence these perceptions. A final sample of 294 adults (42% female, 44% Black/African American or Mixed Race (of Black/African ancestry), 56% White American; Mage = 36.3 years) completed an online survey which assessed baseline knowledge and views of psychedelic-assisted therapy. Participants were then provided brief psychoeducation related to MDMA and psilocybin-assisted therapy. After psychoeducation, participants were queried on their perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapy and factors potentially influencing these perceptions, including trauma history, current depressive and PTSD symptoms, racism-related stress, and perceived barriers to psychological treatments. Psychoeducation had a positive impact on both level of interest and positivity of views of psychedelic-assisted therapy across groups. Black American participants reported more positive views of psychedelic-assisted therapy than White participants following psychoeducation. Greater depression and PTSD symptom severity was associated with greater baseline interest in Black and White Americans and there was significant interactions in predicting baseline view and interest, such that Black participants who reported greater depression symptom severity were more interested and had more positive views of PAT. Despite historical exclusion from psychedelic clinical trials and experiences of unethical treatment in research, Black Americans demonstrate more positive views of psychedelic therapy and Black Americans more in need of novel mental health care demonstrate more interest and more positive views. Our findings demonstrate that the onus for diversification of psychedelic research samples is on research groups. These findings also provide an impetus for the psychedelic research community to rebuild trust in psychedelic research among Black Americans, conduct outreach, and provide culturally attuned psychedelic-assisted interventions that are accessible to Black Americans.", "journal": "Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders", "publication_date": "2023-09-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100023", "pubmed_id": "40656968", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100023", "keywords": "Psychoeducation, Clinical psychology, Mental health, Psychology, Psilocybin, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychological intervention, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387063622\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387063622\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":18,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1986958797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018559649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034818162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065038199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078878232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119721601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126302787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133249179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144204711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2296042795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342281051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412976663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606998234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749043159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765344168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765930136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799372226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804532410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909878706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910001675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965468106\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033913667\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112172827\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179536112\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185700361\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200118024\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205701940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211151055\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241282526\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283206789\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312129485\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378194427\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383186683\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386317513\",\"https://openalex.org/W6787248806\",\"https://openalex.org/W6797932922\",\"https://openalex.org/W6847769991\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052883633\",\"display_name\":\"Sierra Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-3175\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087653571\",\"display_name\":\"Grace Packard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-996X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050946371\",\"display_name\":\"Callan Coghlan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-4366\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063961231\",\"display_name\":\"Jamilah R. George\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113009324\",\"display_name\":\"Ashanti J. Brown\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038288658\",\"display_name\":\"Terence H. W. Ching\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-2237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057307251\",\"display_name\":\"Jacob Julian\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081814425\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Maples-Keller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-7332\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387289872\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100023\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387063622" }, { "id": 1185, "title": "Psilocybin analog 4-OH-DiPT enhances fear extinction and GABAergic inhibition of principal neurons in the basolateral amygdala", "normalized_title": "psilocybin analog 4 oh dipt enhances fear extinction and gabaergic inhibition of principal neurons in the basolateral amygdala", "authors": "Thomas J. Kelly, Emma M. Bonniwell, Lianwei Mu, Xiaojie Liu, Ying Hu, Vladislav Friedman, Hao Yu, Wantang Su, John D. McCorvy, Qing-song Liu", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-09-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-023-01744-8", "pubmed_id": "37752222", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01744-8", "keywords": "Basolateral amygdala, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Agonist, GABAergic, Psychology, Postsynaptic potential, Pharmacology, Receptor, Amygdala, Biology, Biochemistry, Mineralogy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387047256\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387047256\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":26,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W138314167\",\"https://openalex.org/W1561672713\",\"https://openalex.org/W1740081144\",\"https://openalex.org/W1818523973\",\"https://openalex.org/W1943678974\",\"https://openalex.org/W1959821071\",\"https://openalex.org/W1960895270\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966037459\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995376280\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997194532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000706273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009915667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012859237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020132867\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028202495\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035683658\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036005017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042479971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046222481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058019798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059231973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059258112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072268612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079714688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080274555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082235945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084708008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086114962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086972936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099246727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114214919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153592313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160253364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161251796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169903284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285774466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313624764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344450547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2344847149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2463983240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546343095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2602668040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761645920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766007548\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900445331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916964126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924273050\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094610521\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116234192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178121559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196573181\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202190139\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211189621\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224254727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225774171\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231939006\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246573235\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323305766\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037761822\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas J. Kelly\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-0818\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002202404\",\"display_name\":\"Emma M. Bonniwell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-852X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087511363\",\"display_name\":\"Lianwei Mu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-1045\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100338496\",\"display_name\":\"Xiaojie Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1674\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103763220\",\"display_name\":\"Ying Hu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3175-3388\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044981144\",\"display_name\":\"Vladislav Friedman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-2520\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012901836\",\"display_name\":\"Hao Yu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4268\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113008846\",\"display_name\":\"Wantang Su\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049197736\",\"display_name\":\"John D. McCorvy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7555-9413\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100714481\",\"display_name\":\"Qing-song Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-1504\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01744-8\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387047256" }, { "id": 3150, "title": "Limbic System Response to Psilocybin and Ketamine Administration in Rats: A Neurochemical and Behavioral Study", "normalized_title": "limbic system response to psilocybin and ketamine administration in rats a neurochemical and behavioral study", "authors": "Wojtas A, Bysiek A, Wawrzczak-Bargiela A, Maćkowiak M, Gołembiowska K.", "abstract": "Pathophysiology of depression is related with reduced volume of the hippocampus and amygdala and hypertrophy of the nucleus accumbens. The mechanism of these changes is not well under-stood, but clinical studies have shown that administration of the fast-acting antidepressant keta-mine reversed the decrease in hippocampus and amygdala volume in depressed patients, and the magnitude of this effect correlated with the reduction of depressive symptoms. In the present study, we attempted to find out whether the psychedelic substance psilocybin affects neurotransmission in the limbic system in comparison to ketamine. Psilocybin and ketamine increased the release of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens of naive rats as demonstrated using microdialysis. Both drugs influenced glutamate and GABA release in the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus and amygdala and increased ACh levels in the hippocampus. The changes in D2, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor density in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus was observed as a long-lasting effect. A marked anxiolytic effect of psilocybin in acute phase and 24 h post-treatment was shown in the open field test. These data provide the neurobiological background for psilocybin effect on stress, anxiety and structural changes in the limbic system and translate into antidepres-sant effect of psilocybin in depressed patients.", "journal": "Preprints.org", "publication_date": "2023-09-24", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.20944/preprints202309.1649.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1649.v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR730140\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Preprints.org\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 959, "title": "Psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonism: neuronal signatures and altered neurovascular coupling.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic 5 ht2a receptor agonism neuronal signatures and altered neurovascular coupling", "authors": "Padawer-Curry JA, Krentzman OJ, Kuo C, Wang X, Bice AR, Nicol GE, Snyder AZ, Siegel JS, McCall JG, Bauer AQ.", "abstract": "Psychedelics hold therapeutic promise for mood disorders due to rapid, sustained results. Human neuroimaging studies have reported dramatic serotonin-2A receptor-(5-HT2AR)-dependent changes in functional brain reorganization that presumably reflect neuromodulation. However, the potent vasoactive effects of serotonin have been overlooked. We found psilocybin-mediated alterations to fMRI-HRFs in humans, suggesting potentially altered NVC. To assess the neuronal, hemodynamic, and neurovascular coupling (NVC) effects of the psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonist, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), wide-field optical imaging (WFOI) was used in awake Thy1-jRGECO1a mice during stimulus-evoked and resting-state conditions. While DOI partially altered tasked-based NVC, more pronounced NVC alterations occurred under resting-state conditions and were strongest in association regions. Further, calcium and hemodynamic activity reported different accounts of RSFC changes under DOI. Co-administration of DOI and the 5-HT2AR antagonist, MDL100907, reversed many of these effects. Dissociation between neuronal and hemodynamic signals emphasizes a need to consider neurovascular effects of psychedelics when interpreting blood-oxygenation-dependent neuroimaging measures.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-09-23", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.09.23.559145", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.23.559145", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR730039\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4764, "title": "Expectancies for Subjective and Antidepressant Effects in Psilocybin Users", "normalized_title": "expectancies for subjective and antidepressant effects in psilocybin users", "authors": "Mitch Earleywine, Maha N. Mian, Joseph A. De Leo", "abstract": "Expectancy effects for many psychoactive substances appear to play a role in consumption, problematic use, subjective responses to acute administration, and subsequent effects. Expectancies of psychedelics have received little attention in published research despite their reputation for creating dramatic changes in subjective state. Psilocybin-assisted treatment (PAT) improves depression, but details of associated expected effects remain incomplete. Previous work suggests that PAT-induced changes in depression and other forms of well-being covary with specific subjective effects of psilocybin. Self-reports from over 500 psilocybin-using individuals revealed correlations with relevant subjective effects that appeared to mediate antidepressant effects in previous work (e.g., Mystical Experiences, Ego dissolution, and Emotional Breakthrough). Correlations with demographic variables, current depressive symptoms, and general hallucinogen involvement were markedly smaller. Expectancies on specific depressive symptoms also paralleled retrospective reports of other psychedelic-induced antidepressant effects. Regression revealed that current depressive symptoms, ego dissolution, and emotional breakthroughs accounted for unique variance in expected antidepressant effects, but expectancies on mystical effects did not. Although limitations suggest cautious interpretation, psilocybin-using individuals appear to hold relevant expectancies about subjective and antidepressant effects, which might play a role in treatment outcomes worthy of monitoring in clinical trials.", "journal": "Journal of Humanistic Psychology", "publication_date": "2023-09-21", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1177/00221678231194798", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678231194798", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Expectancy theory, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Clinical psychology, Depressive symptoms, Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Cognition, Social psychology, Anxiety, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386958768\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386958768\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1578225463\",\"https://openalex.org/W1899583848\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964160290\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966770824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037557484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067238826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143834603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153283373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2429266444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561217404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585493186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604452528\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2775143203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789034326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789837390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793221098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894541203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896003347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898240306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903296215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919706001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942308069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947813578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2967781468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2967946137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971304551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995178539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998403265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010009477\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010491167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012221112\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027616822\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096296157\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113026224\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134224484\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155407419\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155481108\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159796563\",\"https://openalex.org/W3170368534\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185700361\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204019137\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205258931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206767983\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292199692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294185218\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090993398\",\"display_name\":\"Mitch Earleywine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-0623\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069529785\",\"display_name\":\"Maha N. Mian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081398262\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph A. De Leo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-119X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207414187\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Humanistic Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678231194798\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386958768" }, { "id": 1370, "title": "Manic episode following psilocybin use in a man with bipolar II disorder: a case report", "normalized_title": "manic episode following psilocybin use in a man with bipolar ii disorder a case report", "authors": "Haniya J. Halim, Bradley G. Burk, Rachel E. Fargason, Badari Birur", "abstract": "There has been an increase in research on the topic of psychedelic substances and their effects as treatment options in neuropsychiatric conditions. Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has recently garnered increased interest as an effective treatment modality for treatment-resistant depression, depression associated with terminal conditions, certain substance use disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, sparse data exist as to the effects that psilocybin might have on patients at risk for mania, in large part secondary to the exclusion of this patient population from studies due to the concern for inducing mania or worsening illness course. We describe a case of a 21-year-old male with a recent diagnosis of bipolar II disorder who developed a manic episode following the ingestion of psilocybin in the form of hallucinogenic mushrooms. Given the incidence of depression in those with bipolar disorder, impulsivity, and a tendency to abuse substances associated with the illness, further research is needed into the risks of psilocybin and other psychedelic use in those with bipolar disorder.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-09-21", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1221131", "pubmed_id": "37810598", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1221131", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mania, Bipolar disorder, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Depression (economics), Population, Substance abuse, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Lithium (medication), Environmental health, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386961159\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386961159\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":13,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W34641758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016437478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044852143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152723462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550530158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726744335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158216155\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201512146\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311477082\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092922800\",\"display_name\":\"Haniya J. Halim\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067523553\",\"display_name\":\"Bradley G. Burk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-3785\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085805872\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel E. Fargason\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023514274\",\"display_name\":\"Badari Birur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-7585\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1221131\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386961159" }, { "id": 3605, "title": "Mindfulness and Psychedelics: A Combined Neurophenomenological and Pharmacological Approach to the Characterization of Mindfulness States in Experienced Meditators", "normalized_title": "mindfulness and psychedelics a combined neurophenomenological and pharmacological approach to the characterization of mindfulness states in experienced meditators", "authors": "Milan Scheidegger", "abstract": "The investigators are doing this project to investigate potential neurophysiological synergy effects between mindfulness meditation and psychedelics. Previous studies have found that both mindfulness and psychedelics like psilocybin modulate neural activity and connectivity of the same brain network. However, little is known about the potential interactions between mindfulness meditation and psychedelics. The indigenous plant preparation \"Ayahuasca\" is particularly interesting for the combination with mindfulness meditation. It contains two components, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmine, which are very similar to the body's own messenger substance serotonin and increase its effect in the body. The investigators would now like to find out how these corresponding networks change in experienced meditators after DMT/Harmine-enhanced mindfulness meditation and how this affects their subjective experience. For this functional MRI imaging will be performed, as well as psychometric assessments and detailed experiential interviews before and after a three-day meditation retreat. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group receives DMT and harmine during the sitting meditation on the second day, the other group receives a corresponding placebo. Neither the participants nor the investigator know who will receive a placebo or the combination of DMT/harmine on the day of the experiment. The pre- and post-measurements of the MRI imaging and psychometric questionnaires of the DMT/Harmine group are compared with those of the placebo control group. By examining the synergistic effects of mindfulness meditation and DMT/harmine, the aim of this study is to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the neurophenomenology of rare and inaccessible phenomena of consciousness.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-09-20", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05780216", "keywords": "Healthy Participants, DMT + harmine, Placebo, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05780216\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"EARLY_PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3573, "title": "Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Single Center Study of Psilocybin Efficacy and Mechanism in Alcohol Use Disorder", "normalized_title": "phase ii randomized double blind placebo controlled parallel group single center study of psilocybin efficacy and mechanism in alcohol use disorder", "authors": "University of Zurich", "abstract": "Effects of serotonin 2A/1A receptor stimulation by psilocybin on alcohol addicted patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study Two billion people globally consume alcohol, leading in 2016 to 2.8 million deaths (5.2% of all deaths) and 99.2 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost (4.2% of all DALYs). Of all the diseases, conditions, and injuries attributable to alcohol use, alcohol use disorders (AUDs) create the largest health burden globally. However, approved pharmacological treatments for alcoholism are limited in their effectiveness. A recent proof of- concept study testing psilocybin in ten alcohol dependent patients provides encouraging efficacy results and safety data. The investigators, therefore, propose to test the efficacy of psilocybin for treating alcohol use disorder and study its underlying neurobiological mechanisms in a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind study. To evaluate effects of psilocybin on alcohol use behaviour, clinical symptoms, neurocognitive and emotional measures in patients with alcohol use disorder. The present clinical trial aims at investigation the clinical and mechanistic effects of Psilocybin in Alcohol Addicted Patients. Patients with alcohol use disorder who have undergone withdrawal treatment within the last 6 weeks will be investigated in a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design clinical trial contrasting the acute and persisting effects of psilocybin to those of placebo. Patients will be randomly assigned to psilocybin or placebo group with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The study comprises a total of 6 visits during 6 weeks and two follow-up online surveys (3 and 6 months after treatment). In addition, two follow-up surveys that can be completed from home will guarantee monitoring of long-lasting changes in symptomology and ensure all potential side-effects can be captured. On the treatment visit, a single dose of psilocybin (25mg) or placebo will be administered. Patients will be monitored until all effects have worn off.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-09-20", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04141501", "keywords": "Alcohol Use Disorder, Psilocybin, Placebo oral capsule, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04141501\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1357, "title": "The Psychedelic N,N-Dipropyltryptamine Prevents Seizures in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome via a Mechanism that Appears Independent of Serotonin and Sigma1 Receptors", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic n n dipropyltryptamine prevents seizures in a mouse model of fragile x syndrome via a mechanism that appears independent of serotonin and sigma1 receptors", "authors": "Richa Tyagi, Tanishka S. Saraf, Clinton E. Canal", "abstract": "The serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin shows efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, though the mechanism(s) underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. We show that a similar psychedelic tryptamine, N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT), completely prevents audiogenic seizures (AGS) in an Fmr1 knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome at a 10 mg/kg dose but not at lower doses (3 or 5.6 mg/kg). Despite showing in vitro that DPT is a serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist (with that rank order of functional potency, determined with TRUPATH Gα/βγ biosensors), pretreatment with selective inhibitors of 5-HT2A/2C, 5-HT1B, or 5-HT1A receptors did not block DPT’s antiepileptic effects; a pan-serotonin receptor antagonist was also ineffective. Because 5-HT1A receptor activation blocks AGS in Fmr1 knockout mice, we performed a dose-response experiment to evaluate DPT’s engagement of 5-HT1A receptors in vivo. DPT elicited 5-HT1A-dependent effects only at doses greater than 10 mg/kg, further supporting that DPT’s antiepileptic effects were not 5-HT1A-mediated. We also observed that the selective sigma1 receptor antagonist, NE-100, did not impact DPT’s antiepileptic effects, suggesting DPT engagement of sigma1 receptors was not a crucial mechanism. Separately, we observed that DPT and NE-100 at high doses caused convulsions on their own that were qualitatively distinct from AGS. In conclusion, DPT dose-dependently blocked AGS in Fmr1 knockout mice, but neither serotonin nor sigma1 receptor antagonists prevented this action. Thus, DPT might have neurotherapeutic effects independent of its serotonergic psychedelic properties. However, DPT also caused seizures at high doses, showing that DPT has complex dose-dependent in vivo polypharmacology.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2023-09-17", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.3c00137", "pubmed_id": "37854624", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00137", "keywords": "Serotonin, Serotonergic, Receptor, Agonist, Knockout mouse, Antagonist, Pharmacology, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT1A receptor, Mechanism of action, Chemistry, Receptor antagonist, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Psychology, Medicine, In vitro, Biochemistry, Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386825504\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386825504\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W156847057\",\"https://openalex.org/W1482130984\",\"https://openalex.org/W1489775551\",\"https://openalex.org/W1531125123\",\"https://openalex.org/W1697522680\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963690073\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979175567\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979963125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987747579\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990991409\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991127697\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994089179\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996137477\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997231976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007578457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014258761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015157822\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018392992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024788168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026831615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028438346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029947069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030308305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047075561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065095084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068841959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069317256\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073777095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074986944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076159557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080462278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080760021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084716423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091321537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091921253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094993063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110422029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125368083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127792081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134800244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141655487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158268739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2221666778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273883605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342387220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2420581838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606601390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620588197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759433538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2772067948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789913401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793219192\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945087933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982612889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989575580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996672198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002379600\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007078750\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011777852\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022812876\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093102068\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132014097\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164491540\",\"https://openalex.org/W3169876616\",\"https://openalex.org/W3176320414\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192885085\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200157182\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205707904\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210379385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210442043\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225314387\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225368808\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309666700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310700160\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313214661\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365816582\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101747409\",\"display_name\":\"Richa Tyagi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9228-6311\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023735026\",\"display_name\":\"Tanishka S. Saraf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-2109\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091776135\",\"display_name\":\"Clinton E. Canal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-933X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00137\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386825504" }, { "id": 4769, "title": "The psychedelic experience and treatment-resistant depression", "normalized_title": "the psychedelic experience and treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Guy M. Goodwin", "abstract": "Interest in the use of serotonergic agonists such as psilocybin in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has grown more quickly than the evidence on which to base a final opinion, as emphasized by McIntyre et al1 in their review. Psilocybin, once metabolized to psilocin, activates 5-HT2A receptors, enhancing GABA function in local circuits in the cortex and increasing connectivity between functional modules in the brain. The emergent consequences can be measured in healthy volunteers and patients by the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) in five domains: oceanic boundlessness, anxious ego dissolution, visual restructuralization, auditory alterations, and reduction of vigilance2, 3. While the content of these experiences is very personal, their form is relatively stereotyped and very similar between various study populations. While aspects of personality or emotionality may influence the strength of effects, it is impossible to regard them as simply imaginary or the results of suggestibility. The largest randomized control trial (RCT) of psilocybin in TRD (COMP001) showed a striking dose-effect relationship4. A25 mg dose of the investigational drug, COMP360 (a synthetic psilocybin formulation), produced an effect on depressive symptoms significantly greater than a 1 mg dose at the 3-week primary endpoint. The effect of a 10 mg dose was intermediate and tended to fade towards the 1 mg arm over time. A superiority for the 25 mg compared with the other two doses was seen up to 12 weeks. The strength of oceanic boundlessness, in particular, correlated with the outcome measured by conventional scales for mood. The main objections to a simple interpretation that psilocybin acts to improve depressive symptoms in TRD, or in general in major depressive disorder (MDD), are summarized by McIntyre et al1. First, the psychedelic experience is often said to be unblinding. In conventional RCTs, this implies that the active drug is identified because of some adverse effect or other cue when it should ideally be indistinguishable from placebo. In the case of psilocybin and related drugs, the actual problem is the absence of a psychedelic experience, which will reveal to patients that they have received placebo, a low dose of psilocybin, or another drug. Does such unblinding necessarily occur, and does it matter? I would argue that it may not5. The reason is that the psychedelic experience within the dose ranges currently in use is quite variable. The overlap between active doses due to this variability means that a dose-response relationship cannot credibly be attributed to “unblinding”, since patients and staff cannot be certain of what dose has been administered. This will be particularly the case if patients do not have previous psychedelic experience, as in over 90% of participants in the COMP001 trial. In addition, the problem with unblinding of an inactive dose is, in theory, the potential for a nocebo effect. Nocebo in this context refers to the possibility that unblinding leads to patients scoring lower when reporting a subjective outcome such as mood than they would if they had simply failed to respond to an active dose. This effect can be checked in all adequately sized trials by comparing the non-response profile in the placebo group with that in the active group. This is not usually done in conventional trials, but in the case of escitalopram a pooled analysis shows very clearly that responders and non-responders have very similar profiles irrespective of whether they receive drug or placebo6. In addition, unblinding might be expected to lead to more adverse events, including suicidality. This was not observed for the 1 mg arm in COMP0014. Second, any psychotherapy provided alongside a drug could be potentially confounding: indeed, it is common to hear the expression “psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy” overused uncritically as synonymous with psilocybin treatment. That expression is appropriate for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), which increases the potential for empathy and interaction with a therapist7. It is instead an oxymoron when applied to psilocybin, since the full psychedelic experience is largely incompatible with psychotherapy as usually understood. The psychological support that has been provided in clinical trials of psilocybin means preparation, a supportive presence on the day of drug administration, and integration soon afterwards. Preparation entails instruction, explanation and the establishment of trust. Support during a psychedelic experience is usually minimal: patients don eye shades, listen to music and are encouraged to direct their attention inwards. Integration is non-directive enquiry about the experience and how patients see it affecting their future beliefs and behavior. In most of the depression trials, it was scheduled to be two visits of up to 1 hour each. In all the MDD and TRD studies published so far, high depression scores were registered at baseline, after preparation had occurred. Moreover, in COMP001, the obvious mood change registered on the day after drug treatment was fully developed before integration had taken place. Hence, there is little reason to attribute clinical improvement to anything other than drug effect on the day of administration. From the perspective of mechanism of action, this is an important conclusion because, if psychotherapy provided the main mechanism of change, understanding the drug contribution would be more difficult, and its approval as a medicine could be compromised. The assumption that psilocybin treatment is necessarily “combined with psychotherapy” has another risk. Unregulated psychotherapy practice can lead to ethical violations. The risk of such practice in “psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy” is very real and has been highlighted recently8. This is another reason for de-emphasizing the role of psychotherapy unless, as with MDMA, it is clearly a key part of the treatment. To refer accurately to psychological support does not diminish its importance in facilitating an optimal psychedelic experience. This support is also ethically essential as a safeguard for patients on the day of drug administration. The qualifications and training of the people providing such support must be to high standards, and a clear protocol should be used. However, the professional background of the therapist is probably less important, because what is involved is not psychotherapy. It is difficult to see how a more minimal package could be safely used as a comparator to “deconstruct” the approach and generate “an evidence base” as suggested by McIntyre et al. The potential for psilocybin to enhance the effect of conventional psychotherapies remains of great interest. Work in animals suggests that activation of 5-HT2A receptors produces changes in synaptic function that could underpin greater behavioral plasticity9. The challenge for the future, along with safe delivery of the experience, appears likely to be the choice of appropriate additional treatment which may have the potential to enhance outcomes in the long term, be it pharmacological, neurostimulatory or psychotherapeutic. For the present, however, the challenge is to complete a convincing phase 3 programme leading to eventual approval of psilocybin as a medicine. We are not there yet.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-09-14", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/wps.21140", "pubmed_id": "37713542", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.21140", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mood, Medicine, Treatment-resistant depression, Hallucinogen, Serotonergic, Randomized controlled trial, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Psychology, Major depressive disorder, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386765441\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386765441\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"compound:comp360\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166379049\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320037519\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361301344\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386765496\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037628078\",\"display_name\":\"Guy M. Goodwin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-2816\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S183644930\",\"source_display_name\":\"World Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.21140\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386765441" }, { "id": 1358, "title": "Tryptamines and Mental Health: Activating the 5-HT Receptor for Therapeutic Potential.", "normalized_title": "tryptamines and mental health activating the 5 ht receptor for therapeutic potential", "authors": "Kargbo RB.", "abstract": "Tryptamines, a class of 3-aminoethyl-indoles that activate the serotonin receptor, show potential for novel mental health treatments. The FDA has granted \"breakthrough therapy designation\" to psilocybin and MDMA for treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, sparking global research efforts. Various clinical trials are currently investigating the therapeutic value of psilocybin for several mental health disorders. Results thus far indicate significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes via reductions in experiential avoidance. These advancements highlight a promising future for tryptamines in mental health therapy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-09-14", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00390", "pubmed_id": "37849550", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00390", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37849550\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4772, "title": "A cane toad (Rhinella marina) N-methyltransferase converts primary indolethylamines to tertiary psychedelic amines", "normalized_title": "a cane toad rhinella marina n methyltransferase converts primary indolethylamines to tertiary psychedelic amines", "authors": "Chen Xue, Jing Li, Lisa Yu, Francesca Maule, Li-Mei Chang, Jonathan Gallant, David J. Press, Sheetal A. Raithatha, Jillian M. Hagel, Peter J. Facchini", "abstract": "Psychedelic indolethylamines have emerged as potential medicines to treat several psychiatric pathologies. Natural sources of these compounds include ‘magic mushrooms' ( Psilocybe spp.), plants used to prepare ayahuasca, and toads. The skin and parotid glands of certain toads accumulate a variety of specialized metabolites including toxic guanidine alkaloids, lipophilic alkaloids, poisonous steroids, and hallucinogenic indolethylamines such as DMT, 5-methoxy-DMT, and bufotenin. The occurrence of psychedelics has contributed to the ceremonial use of toads, particularly among Mesoamerican peoples. Yet, the biosynthesis of psychedelic alkaloids has not been elucidated. Herein, we report a novel indolethylamine N -methyltransferase (RmNMT) from cane toad ( Rhinella marina ). The RmNMT sequence was used to identify a related NMT from the common toad, Bufo bufo. Close homologs from various frog species were inactive, suggesting a role for psychedelic indolethylamine biosynthesis in toads. Enzyme kinetic analyses and comparison with functionally similar enzymes showed that recombinant RmNMT was an effective catalyst and not product inhibited. The substrate promiscuity of RmNMT enabled the bioproduction of a variety of substituted indolethylamines at levels sufficient for purification, pharmacological screening, and metabolic stability assays. Since the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has been linked to activity at serotonergic receptors, we evaluated binding of derivatives at 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. Primary amines exhibited enhanced affinity at the 5-HT1A receptor compared with tertiary amines. With the exception of 6-substituted derivatives, N,N -dimethylation also protected against catabolism by liver microsomes.", "journal": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "publication_date": "2023-09-08", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105231", "pubmed_id": "37690691", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105231", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Biology, Hallucinogen, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386580656\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386580656\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":13,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W100235375\",\"https://openalex.org/W1251100625\",\"https://openalex.org/W1542605661\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970841578\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983350514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984936010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005791991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007890449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012113543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031855620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054695075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061090773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064026971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099992942\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124019798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144477951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150363216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158474067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169799865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2221666778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2235808507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322157847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335134869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2565566431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594820540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597947919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612935188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769341064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789608017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795755164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808895738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885449523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885759287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888503170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942477203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948005519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2960190396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964138742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966892427\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013100262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088124563\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154485397\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156458251\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157088173\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220669239\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281636345\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281720226\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284698401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285739710\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297421232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297457974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313414122\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317401685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327680207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4360619074\",\"https://openalex.org/W6839812695\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101662651\",\"display_name\":\"Chen Xue\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6345-2516\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100337043\",\"display_name\":\"Jing Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-6673\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088941032\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa Yu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9101-6684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074271280\",\"display_name\":\"Francesca Maule\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-6776\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104238391\",\"display_name\":\"Li-Mei Chang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055056347\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Gallant\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083315776\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Press\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013276707\",\"display_name\":\"Sheetal A. Raithatha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036437788\",\"display_name\":\"Jillian M. Hagel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-8590\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020766540\",\"display_name\":\"Peter J. Facchini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-290X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S140251998\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Biological Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105231\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386580656" }, { "id": 4775, "title": "Classic Psychedelics for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: An Update for Psychiatrists in Training", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics for the treatment of depressive disorders an update for psychiatrists in training", "authors": "Lawrence Canale, Dhvanit Raval, Preet Chatha, Katie Penn, Claudia Weber, Catherine Stout, Jeremy Weleff", "abstract": "Psychedelics as therapeutic agents have generated significant attention from clinicians and media sources in recent years. The authors provide an update to the psychiatric trainee on the evidence for psychedelics in the treatment of major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Many modern clinical trials of the classic, serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine, have shown promise in the treatment of depressive disorders. Future clinical trials should elucidate severe adverse effects and explore the efficacy of psychedelics utilizing larger, double-blinded trials.", "journal": "American Journal of Psychiatry Residents Journal", "publication_date": "2023-09-07", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2023.190103", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2023.190103", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Clinical trial, Psychiatry, Depression (economics), Psychology, Serotonergic, Adverse effect, Medicine, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Economics, Receptor, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386544759\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386544759\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215496863\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315874306\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319984222\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002121203\",\"display_name\":\"Lawrence Canale\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092826504\",\"display_name\":\"Dhvanit Raval\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092826505\",\"display_name\":\"Preet Chatha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092826506\",\"display_name\":\"Katie Penn\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111576998\",\"display_name\":\"Claudia Weber\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114080828\",\"display_name\":\"Catherine Stout\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012793626\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Weleff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-7412\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210235207\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Psychiatry Residents Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2023.190103\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386544759" }, { "id": 1345, "title": "Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers an experimental placebo controlled study", "authors": "Natasha L. Mason, Attila Szabó, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Pablo Mallaroni, R. de la Torre Fornell, Johannes T. Reckweg, Desmond H. Y. Tse, Nadia R. P. W. Hutten, Amanda Feilding, Johannes G. Ramaekers", "abstract": "Patients characterized by stress-related disorders such as depression display elevated circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a hyperactive HPA axis. Psychedelics are demonstrating promising results in treatment of such disorders, however the mechanisms of their therapeutic effects are still unknown. To date the evidence of acute and persisting effects of psychedelics on immune functioning, HPA axis activity in response to stress, and associated psychological outcomes is preliminary. To address this, we conducted a placebo-controlled, parallel group design comprising of 60 healthy participants who received either placebo (n = 30) or 0.17 mg/kg psilocybin (n = 30). Blood samples were taken to assess acute and persisting (7 day) changes in immune status. Seven days' post-administration, participants in each treatment group were further subdivided: 15 underwent a stress induction protocol, and 15 underwent a control protocol. Ultra-high field (7-Tesla) magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess whether acute changes in glutamate or glial activity were associated with changes in immune functioning. Finally, questionnaires assessed persisting self-report changes in mood and social behavior. Psilocybin immediately reduced concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while other inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) remained unchanged. Seven days later, TNF-α concentrations returned to baseline, while IL-6 and CRP concentrations were persistently reduced in the psilocybin group. Changes in the immune profile were related to acute neurometabolic activity as acute reductions in TNF-α were linked to lower concentrations of glutamate in the hippocampus. Additionally, the more of a reduction in IL-6 and CRP seven days after psilocybin, the more persisting positive mood and social effects participants reported. Regarding the stress response, after a psychosocial stressor, psilocybin did not significantly alter the stress response. Results are discussed in regards to the psychological and therapeutic effects of psilocybin demonstrated in ongoing patient trials.", "journal": "Brain Behavior and Immunity", "publication_date": "2023-09-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.004", "pubmed_id": "37689275", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.004", "keywords": "Placebo, Psilocybin, Immune system, Medicine, Internal medicine, Cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 6, Mood, Hallucinogen, Gastroenterology, Psychology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386504040\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":81,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W30385358\",\"https://openalex.org/W1007558147\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522923028\",\"https://openalex.org/W1649573525\",\"https://openalex.org/W1763837731\",\"https://openalex.org/W1922605075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985438873\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988105902\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991538811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996454121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008967635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018135697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028503965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031811366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033283555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046960533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050442674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053472601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062088700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070756761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085670677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086504454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091259554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091973725\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092002730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094585862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094845811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097086441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098731039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099555137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102580529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113322630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120032880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126795224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135502441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143629083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145636091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161161114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161296293\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164978865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167314970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2201607793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313473114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2315187051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328780397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519381186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2525291061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552532188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558582402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2565418869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2580335673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585728649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606007667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756069429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790114448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802379102\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885455509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888688605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909211210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911871414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913369559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938570586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949818647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955079055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2961101336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993940948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996702784\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006005031\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007819196\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012729670\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023636576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025985864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092438109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093381089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112315774\",\"https://openalex.org/W3143890706\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200738443\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202537739\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206213217\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252048163\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281703399\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312224728\",\"https://openalex.org/W6753768956\",\"https://openalex.org/W6771900266\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041055116\",\"display_name\":\"Natasha L. Mason\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0389\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061229287\",\"display_name\":\"Attila Szabó\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-8894\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024651565\",\"display_name\":\"Kim P. C. Kuypers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063711942\",\"display_name\":\"Pablo Mallaroni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-2837\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056810256\",\"display_name\":\"R. de la Torre Fornell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062559490\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes T. Reckweg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-6334\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062957500\",\"display_name\":\"Desmond H. Y. Tse\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-7707\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064339250\",\"display_name\":\"Nadia R. P. W. Hutten\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-8119\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024899439\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes G. Ramaekers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-376X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102243518\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brain Behavior and Immunity\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.004\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthy Volunteers,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386504040" }, { "id": 1291, "title": "Potential Benefits of Psilocybin for Lupus Pain: A Case Report", "normalized_title": "potential benefits of psilocybin for lupus pain a case report", "authors": "Sofia Audrey B. Gonzales, Christine Alexopoulos, Daniel G. Arkfeld", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Outcomes of treatment for patients with Lupus have shown overall improvement and benefit from the more aggressive use of immunosuppressants and biological agents through a treat-to-target approach. However, chronic musculoskeletal pain can be refractory to treatment despite the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and other analgesic agents, leading to patient dissatisfaction. The concept of new neural pathways from psilocybin usage has been proposed in a variety of pain syndromes; however, it is not trialed for patients with Lupus pain. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 67-year-old male with positive anti-dsDNA antibody Lupus with a predominance of chronic polyarticular joint pain treated with hydroxychloroquine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs without pain relief. Pain dramatically improved after a one-time macro-dosing of 6 grams of Psilocybin cubensis in Oregon, which he expected would only provide a sense of enlightenment. After 12 months, he continued without debilitating joint pain. CONCLUSION: The serotonin-2A receptor's activation triggers an array of neurophysiological reactions that disrupt the functional connections in areas of the brain that are associated with chronic pain. These neuroplastic effects can generate healthy connections, resulting in long-lasting pain relief. However, this is a process that has not been fully analyzed. While there is anecdotal evidence to suggest the therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, there is no specific research that explores its use for lupus-related pain. Since this is the first case that shows the benefit of psilocybin in a patient with Lupus, further studies on macro-dosing psilocybin to treat Lupus pain are warranted.", "journal": "Current Rheumatology Reviews", "publication_date": "2023-09-05", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.2174/1573397119666230904150750", "pubmed_id": "37670693", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1573397119666230904150750", "keywords": "Medicine, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Psilocybin, Neuropathic pain, Rheumatoid arthritis, Analgesic, Chronic pain, Fibromyalgia, Hydroxychloroquine, Joint pain, Physical therapy, Anesthesia, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectious disease (medical specialty), Disease, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386466628\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386466628\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2490540036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567379065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804789712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2906587679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210913256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233285953\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006600490\",\"display_name\":\"Sofia Audrey B. Gonzales\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1326-5094\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109636164\",\"display_name\":\"Christine Alexopoulos\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078914293\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel G. Arkfeld\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8612-9162\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S189342654\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Rheumatology Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573397119666230904150750\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biological Age,Case Report,Toxicity,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386466628" }, { "id": 1382, "title": "Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats", "normalized_title": "repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress lower compulsive actions and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats", "authors": "Kat F. Kiilerich, Joe Lorenz, Malthe B. Scharff, Nikolaj Speth, T Brandt, Julia Czurylo, Mengfei Xiong, Naja S. Jessen, Agata Casado-Sainz, Vladimir Shalgunov, Celia Kjærby, Grzegorz Satała, Andrzej J. Bojarski, Anders A. Jensen, Matthias M. Herth, Paul Cumming, Agnete Overgaard, Mikael Palner", "abstract": "", "journal": "Molecular Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-08-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41380-023-02280-z", "pubmed_id": "37783788", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02280-z", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Anhedonia, Psychology, Serotonergic, Psychotomimetic, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Neuropharmacology, Medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, NMDA receptor, Dopamine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387259638\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":47,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1607548235\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984712229\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994040157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003956812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033424381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050911223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072212361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076291893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100987476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139487267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153161303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165269558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167955809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2205794177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603680724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766859365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2865698779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2939750467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969627127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991503240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004910645\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007315114\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110345791\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127072978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153022378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3176170464\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210610422\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220724929\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281253144\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308891310\",\"https://openalex.org/W6658587808\",\"https://openalex.org/W7045941678\",\"https://openalex.org/W7073803661\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040714759\",\"display_name\":\"Kat F. Kiilerich\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8769-6968\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020517980\",\"display_name\":\"Joe Lorenz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020371863\",\"display_name\":\"Malthe B. Scharff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-657X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008308839\",\"display_name\":\"Nikolaj Speth\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113014071\",\"display_name\":\"T Brandt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092986716\",\"display_name\":\"Julia Czurylo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020400356\",\"display_name\":\"Mengfei Xiong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-3884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045882238\",\"display_name\":\"Naja S. Jessen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075345095\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Casado-Sainz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-9222\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086505311\",\"display_name\":\"Vladimir Shalgunov\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8956-1207\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083533438\",\"display_name\":\"Celia Kjærby\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-9217\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085355095\",\"display_name\":\"Grzegorz Satała\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-7232\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025399512\",\"display_name\":\"Andrzej J. Bojarski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-6333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102872929\",\"display_name\":\"Anders A. Jensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-5052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031340154\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias M. Herth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-513X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044995419\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Cumming\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-9621\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047405265\",\"display_name\":\"Agnete Overgaard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-9986\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029766452\",\"display_name\":\"Mikael Palner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-2084\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71149355\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02280-z\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Resilience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387259638" }, { "id": 1381, "title": "Self-administration of Psilocybin for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Case Report.", "normalized_title": "self administration of psilocybin for the acute treatment of migraine a case report", "authors": "David W. Lawrence", "abstract": "Background: Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder with a pathophysiology related to the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system. Pharmacologic modulation of 5-HT receptors has demonstrated efficacy in the acute treatment of migraines. Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic with 5-HT receptor activity, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in the management of neuropsychiatric conditions. To date, no reports have investigated the effect of psilocybin administered acutely during a migraine episode. Case presentation: mushrooms) at migraine onset is presented. Headache intensity was rated hourly using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and compared to three previous migraines. Profound reductions in headache intensity and emetic episodes were reported during the migraine treated acutely with oral psilocybin administration, compared to three previous migraines. Discussion: The severe, disabling, and treatment-resistant nature of migraines warrants continued surveillance for novel pharmacologic interventions. The established congruous pathophysiology of migraine and pharmacology of psilocybin, via the 5-HT receptor system, positions psilocybin as a potential therapeutic target. Conclusion: While this report highlights the potential role of psilocybin in the acute management of migraines, it is essential to note that it should not be considered a basis for guiding clinical practice at this point. Further research is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of psilocybin as a treatment option for migraines.", "journal": "PubMed", "publication_date": "2023-08-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "37817818", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37817818", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Migraine, Aura, Hallucinogen, Sumatriptan, Anesthesia, Pathophysiology, Serotonin, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Agonist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387516129\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4387516129\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1987852744\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998573871\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045777987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047455969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076321511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142961788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147688165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151495151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162104155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2476970195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751240458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800424506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010985439\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020424199\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081503667\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127644232\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205187819\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210913256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285007883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319079931\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080548305\",\"display_name\":\"David W. Lawrence\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-7127\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306525036\",\"source_display_name\":\"PubMed\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37817818\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387516129" }, { "id": 1380, "title": "Psychedelics for treatment resistant depression: are they game changers?", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for treatment resistant depression are they game changers", "authors": "Kalfas M, Taylor RH, Tsapekos D, Young AH.", "abstract": "IntroductionA new era of treatment for adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), which involves psychedelic substances, is dawning. Emerging evidence indicates that psychedelics can exert antidepressant effects through multiple neurobiological and psychological mechanisms. However, it remains to be seen if these new treatments will revolutionize the treatment of TRD.Areas coveredThe present review focuses on the efficacy of serotoninergic psychedelics psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ayahuasca, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), as well as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), for TRD. A systematic search was conducted for psilocybin in TRD as emerging trials had not yet been subject to review. A narrative review summarized findings on other psychedelics.Expert opinionPsychedelic therapy has created a paradigm shift in the treatment of TRD, as it can maximize therapeutic benefits and minimize potential risks. Psilocybin holds promise as a potential game-changer in the treatment of TRD, with initial evidence suggesting a rapid antidepressant effect sustained for some responders for at least 3 months. Nevertheless, further adequately powered, double-blind, comparator-controlled trials are required to explore and clarify the mechanisms of action and long-term effects of psychedelics in TRD. Psychedelics also hold promise for other psychiatric conditions, such as bipolar depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-08-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/14656566.2023.2281582", "pubmed_id": "37947195", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2023.2281582", "keywords": "Humans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Adult, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37947195\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1378, "title": "Psilocybin for anorexia nervosa: If it helps, let’s learn how", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for anorexia nervosa if it helps let s learn how", "authors": "Evelyn Attia, Joanna Steinglass", "abstract": "", "journal": "Med", "publication_date": "2023-08-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.medj.2023.08.003", "pubmed_id": "37689054", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2023.08.003", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia nervosa, Tolerability, Peck (Imperial), Psychology, Psychiatry, Cognition, Psychotherapist, Anorexia, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Eating disorders, Adverse effect, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Agronomy, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386541001\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386541001\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1847008447\",\"https://openalex.org/W1953843675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134770472\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205208574\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205900283\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280582521\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367553374\",\"https://openalex.org/W4385197359\",\"https://openalex.org/W6639022307\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041064786\",\"display_name\":\"Evelyn Attia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-6491\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033496898\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Steinglass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-8212\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210167770\",\"source_display_name\":\"Med\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2023.08.003\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386541001" }, { "id": 1346, "title": "Three Cases of Reported Improvement in Microsmia and Anosmia Following Naturalistic Use of Psilocybin and LSD", "normalized_title": "three cases of reported improvement in microsmia and anosmia following naturalistic use of psilocybin and lsd", "authors": "Alexsandra Kovacevich, Jeremy Weleff, Benjamin Claytor, Brian S. Barnett", "abstract": "Cultural awareness of anosmia and microsmia has recently increased due to their association with COVID-19, though treatment for these conditions is limited. A growing body of online media claims that individuals have noticed improvement in anosmia and microsmia following classic psychedelic use. We report what we believe to be the first three cases recorded in the academic literature of improvement in olfactory impairment after psychedelic use. In the first case, a man who developed microsmia after a respiratory infection experienced improvement in smell after the use of 6 g of psilocybin containing mushrooms. In the second case, a woman with anosmia since childhood reported olfactory improvement after ingestion of 100 µg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In the third case, a woman with COVID-19-related anosmia reported olfactory improvement after microdosing 0.1 g of psilocybin mushrooms three times. Following a discussion of these cases, we explore potential mechanisms for psychedelic-facilitated improvement in olfactory impairment, including serotonergic effects, increased neuroplasticity, and anti-inflammatory effects. Given the need for novel treatments for olfactory dysfunction, increasing reports describing improvement in these conditions following psychedelic use and potential biological plausibility, we believe that the possible therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for these conditions deserve further investigation.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2023-08-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2023.2253538", "pubmed_id": "37650700", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2253538", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Anosmia, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Mescaline, Psychiatry, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Disease, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386306332\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386306332\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1966212824\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969591864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988375361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004582329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009231298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017999293\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020101887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076303208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146578632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169282365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170439999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2195624595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2317251653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2338805940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2377247063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400881483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2584672145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769588117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783234698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887140173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894884342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944555396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968898974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992322507\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022531685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034281578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044382958\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094026898\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096479563\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3119632436\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122920710\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153641818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3172347676\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204059503\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210542278\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224135240\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225712212\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281683331\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285891880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291141934\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311678776\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367723807\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065618753\",\"display_name\":\"Alexsandra Kovacevich\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-467X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012793626\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Weleff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-7412\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037521978\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin Claytor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-4574\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018028836\",\"display_name\":\"Brian S. Barnett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-5701\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2253538\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386306332" }, { "id": 1315, "title": "Double-Blind Comparison of the Two Hallucinogens Dextromethorphan and Psilocybin: Experience-Dependent and Enduring Psychological Effects in Healthy Volunteers", "normalized_title": "double blind comparison of the two hallucinogens dextromethorphan and psilocybin experience dependent and enduring psychological effects in healthy volunteers", "authors": "David S. Mathai, Samantha Hilbert, Nathan D. Sepeda, Justin C. Strickland, Roland R. Griffiths, Albert Garcia-Romeu", "abstract": "Rationale: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated dissociatives and serotonergic hallucinogens are being increasingly used in therapeutic interventions that involve nonordinary states of consciousness and may represent a unique mental health paradigm wherein pharmacologically induced experiences are conducive to psychological well-being. Objective: The aim of this study was to further understand how the phenomenological and health-promoting effects of high-dose dextromethorphan (DXM) compared to psilocybin in the same participants when administered under experimental conditions that are typical of therapeutic psychedelic trials. Methods: Single, acute oral doses of DXM (400 mg/70 kg), psilocybin (10, 20, 30 mg/70 kg), and inactive placebo were administered under double-blind and psychologically supportive conditions to 20 healthy participants with histories of hallucinogen use. Ratings of personal meaning, spiritual significance, psychological challenge, and psychological insight attributed to acute drug experiences were assessed 7 h (at session end) and 1 week after each drug administration. Persisting psychological effects were assessed 1 week after each drug administration. Results: High-dose DXM and psilocybin produced similar increases over placebo in ratings of drug experience that was predictive of psychological benefit at 1 week, even when expectancy effects were minimized. These effects tended to favor psilocybin in a dose-dependent manner and were limited by poor physical tolerability for DXM. Conclusions: This analysis suggests the utility of exploring clinical applications of dissociatives that occur within the supportive contexts that are characteristic of psychedelic research and that prioritize the optimization of psychologically valuable drug experiences. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02033707).", "journal": "Psychedelic Medicine", "publication_date": "2023-08-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2023.0035", "pubmed_id": "38152462", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0035", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Dextromethorphan, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386285211\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386285211\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1595187506\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966976587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979290264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024741523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039605031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043678991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053154970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056324512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160134066\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618615166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757860301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790381919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895197076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982759837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995178539\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016734864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025937012\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033752070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112208811\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137976016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3140816870\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194499267\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198980648\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205283070\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205576215\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226172056\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249273517\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281297733\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281570368\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286449579\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294214983\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308067211\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310044456\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311825681\",\"https://openalex.org/W4316036302\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318912123\",\"https://openalex.org/W4377941059\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020492413\",\"display_name\":\"David S. Mathai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-601X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111190976\",\"display_name\":\"Samantha Hilbert\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027917357\",\"display_name\":\"Justin C. Strickland\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-0394\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelic Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0035\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Healthy Volunteers,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386285211" }, { "id": 1246, "title": "The changing outlook of psychedelic drugs: The importance of risk assessment and occupational exposure limits", "normalized_title": "the changing outlook of psychedelic drugs the importance of risk assessment and occupational exposure limits", "authors": "Natália Bernardi Videira, Vijayalekshmi Nair, Valérie Paquet, Dean Calhoun", "abstract": "Abstract Serotonergic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and 5-methoxy- N, N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), are currently being investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Clinical trials with psilocybin and LSD have shown improvement in emotional and psychological scores. Although these drugs are reported to be safe in a controlled environment (such as clinical trials), exposure to low doses of these drugs can result in psychedelic effects, and therefore, occupational safety is an important consideration to prevent adverse effects in the workplace from low daily exposure. This article will discuss the factors involved in the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) and risk assessment of these psychedelic drugs. To support the OEL derivations of psychedelic drugs, information regarding their mechanism of action, adverse effect profiles, pharmacokinetics, clinical effects, and nonclinical toxicity were considered. Additionally, psilocybin and LSD, which are the most extensively researched psychedelic substances, are employed as illustrative examples in case studies. The OELs derived for psilocybin and for LSD are 0.05 and 0.002 μg/m 3, respectively, which indicates that these are highly hazardous compounds, and it is important to take into account suitable safety measures and risk-management strategies in order to minimize workplace exposure.", "journal": "Journal of Applied Toxicology", "publication_date": "2023-08-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1002/jat.4533", "pubmed_id": "37646119", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4533", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Adverse effect, Pharmacology, Medicine, Serotonergic, Anxiety, Psychology, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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Bernardi Videira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-8046\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083904849\",\"display_name\":\"Vijayalekshmi Nair\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-3364\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003228982\",\"display_name\":\"Valérie Paquet\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030308562\",\"display_name\":\"Dean Calhoun\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9276-6742\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S81851855\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Applied Toxicology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4533\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386272089" }, { "id": 4784, "title": "Pharmacology and Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "pharmacology and therapeutic effects of psilocybin", "authors": "Xuehan Du", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a psychoactive alkaloid with hallucinogenic properties, exists in a variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms. As a study tool to imitate psychosis, psilocybin has aroused a lot of interest in the biological community due to its various possible therapeutic benefits. It is also a very popular and widely misused natural hallucinogens with distinct metabolism pathways and toxicity. In this paper, the metabolism and mechanism of psilocybin were summarized, and the toxicology and pharmacology of psilocybin were discussed in detail, and the positive effects of psilocybin on psychological illnesses like depression, addiction, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were gathered and sorted out, and the drug's therapeutic potential for mental and psychological illnesses was systematically clarified. Understanding the mechanism and therapeutic ability of psilocybin is of great significance to its potential development. As a hallucinogenic agent with low toxicity and no side effects, its effective application in the treatment of psychological and mental diseases can provide new ideas for the treatment of various diseases.", "journal": "Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology", "publication_date": "2023-08-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.54097/hset.v65i.11331", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v65i.11331", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Mechanism (biology), Addiction, Pharmacology, Psychology, Mescaline, Psychosis, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Philosophy, Receptor, Epistemology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386519663\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386519663\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074715304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124026487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042366596\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087462486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123680632\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112996345\",\"display_name\":\"Xuehan Du\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387281017\",\"source_display_name\":\"Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v65i.11331\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386519663" }, { "id": 1310, "title": "Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS-MS method to quantify psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples", "normalized_title": "development and validation of a sensitive lc ms ms method to quantify psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples", "authors": "Marilia Santoro Cardoso, Kelly Francisco da Cunha, Izabelly Geraldes Silva, Taís Regina Fiorentin, Eduardo Geraldo de Campos, José Luiz Costa", "abstract": "Psilocin is an active substance and a dephosphorylated product of psilocybin formed after the ingestion of mushrooms. The low stability caused by the quick oxidation of this analyte requires sensitive methods for its determination in biological matrices. In this work, we described the development, optimization and validation of a method for the quantification of psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Liquid-liquid extraction was performed using 100 µL of oral fluid samples collected with a Quantisal™ device and t-butyl methyl ether as the extraction solvent. The method showed acceptable performance, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.05 ng/mL, and the calibration model was achieved between 0.05 and 10 ng/mL. Bias and imprecision results were below -14.2% and 10.7%, respectively. Ionization suppression/enhancement was lower than -30.5%, and recovery was >54.5%. Dilution integrity bias was", "journal": "Journal of Analytical Toxicology", "publication_date": "2023-08-27", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1093/jat/bkad064", "pubmed_id": "37642343", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkad064", "keywords": "Chromatography, Chemistry, Analyte, Mass spectrometry, Detection limit, Extraction (chemistry), Tandem mass spectrometry, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Sample preparation, Selected reaction monitoring, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386255164\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386255164\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973316871\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989671297\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991480577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001989728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029071824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043675566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045514302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055241614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059161796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071926809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082182980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093658818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119374130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154775870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276586482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285723579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2477079400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2609942353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617487728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796040955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912649469\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954417010\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014008355\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014737659\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021906381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044142776\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081457834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127123233\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082781899\",\"display_name\":\"Marilia Santoro Cardoso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-3209\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038029902\",\"display_name\":\"Kelly Francisco da Cunha\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8078-3356\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016462446\",\"display_name\":\"Izabelly Geraldes Silva\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051887223\",\"display_name\":\"Taís Regina Fiorentin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-6443\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016367456\",\"display_name\":\"Eduardo Geraldo de Campos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-4599\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086954262\",\"display_name\":\"José Luiz Costa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-3391\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S140972820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Analytical Toxicology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkad064\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386255164" }, { "id": 1042, "title": "Beyond Psilocybin: Reviewing the Therapeutic Potential of Other Serotonergic Psychedelics in Mental and Substance Use Disorders.", "normalized_title": "beyond psilocybin reviewing the therapeutic potential of other serotonergic psychedelics in mental and substance use disorders", "authors": "Wong S, Yu AY, Fabiano N, Finkelstein O, Pasricha A, Jones BDM, Rosenblat JD, Blumberger DM, Mulsant BH, Husain MI.", "abstract": "There has been a resurgence of interest in the use of psychedelic therapies for several mental and substance use disorders. Psilocybin, a \"classic\" serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as one of the primary compounds of interest in clinical research. While research on psilocybin's potential mental health benefits has grown, data on the safety and efficacy of other serotonergic psychedelics remain limited. A comprehensive scoping review on the use of mescaline, ibogaine, ayahuasca, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the treatment of mental and substance disorders was conducted. Independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts and conducted data extraction. Seventy-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 43 studies of LSD, 24 studies of ayahuasca, 5 studies of DMT, 5 studies of ibogaine, and 5 studies of mescaline. Commonly reported benefits included improved mood and anxiety symptoms, improved insight, reduced substance use, improved relationships, and decreased vegetative symptoms. Commonly reported adverse effects were psychological, neurological, physical, and gastrointestinal in nature. Serious adverse events (homicide and suicide) were reported in published studies of LSD. In conclusion, there is only low-level evidence to support the safety and efficacy of non-psilocybin serotonergic psychedelics in individuals with mental and substance use disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-08-23", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2023.2251133", "pubmed_id": "37615379", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2251133", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Substance-Related Disorders, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Ibogaine, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37615379\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1407, "title": "Co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD may buffer against challenging experiences and enhance positive experiences", "normalized_title": "co use of mdma with psilocybin lsd may buffer against challenging experiences and enhance positive experiences", "authors": "Richard J. Zeifman, Hannes Kettner, Broc A. Pagni, Austin J. Mallard, Daniel E. Roberts, David Erritzøe, Stephen Ross, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) experiences can range from very positive to highly challenging (e.g., fear, grief, and paranoia). These challenging experiences contribute to hesitancy toward psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy among health care providers and patients. Co-use of 3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) with psilocybin/LSD anecdotally reduces challenging experiences and enhances positive experiences associated with psilocybin/LSD. However, limited research has investigated the acute effects of co-use of MDMA and psilocybin/LSD. In a prospective convenience sample (N = 698) of individuals with plans to use psilocybin/LSD, we examined whether co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD (n = 27) is associated with differences in challenging or positive experiences. Challenging experiences were measured using the Challenging Experiences Questionnaire and positive experiences were measured using the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and single-item measures of self-compassion, compassion, love, and gratitude. Potentially confounding variables were identified and included as covariates. Relative to psilocybin/LSD alone, co-use of psilocybin/LSD with a self-reported low (but not medium-high) dose of MDMA was associated with significantly less intense total challenging experiences, grief, and fear, as well as increased self-compassion, love and gratitude. Co-use of psilocybin/LSD and MDMA was not associated with differences in mystical-type experiences or compassion. Findings suggest co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD may buffer against some aspects of challenging experiences and enhance certain positive experiences. Limitations include use of a convenience sample, small sample size, and non-experimental design. Additional studies (including controlled dose-response studies) that examine the effects and safety of co-administering MDMA with psilocybin/LSD (in healthy controls and clinical samples) are warranted and may assist the development of personalized treatments.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2023-08-21", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-40856-5", "pubmed_id": "37608057", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40856-5", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Grief, Clinical psychology, Gratitude, Psychiatry, Medicine, Psychotherapist, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386069067\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386069067\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":30,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1525161423\",\"https://openalex.org/W1667002192\",\"https://openalex.org/W1948675593\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965713283\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994271186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016310399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021916581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093943230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097563002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105342126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118539399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130643119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163808408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312475727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342018515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620385377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765997654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792164490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793566445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797335301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803536098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2920559226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2928737933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984882636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999812626\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015163151\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096108931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112557491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135650175\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152417644\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166553838\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191608162\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208662682\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210733143\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211560547\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216164364\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216348943\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200517619\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205403234\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206661393\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220790925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226081049\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290631853\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291002705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291721232\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4304118763\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307380201\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309139242\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310598708\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318754695\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365455369\",\"https://openalex.org/W4366580975\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367840575\",\"https://openalex.org/W4378903602\",\"https://openalex.org/W4387007980\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000949886\",\"display_name\":\"Richard J. Zeifman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-4483\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066934485\",\"display_name\":\"Broc A. Pagni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-7604\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109632366\",\"display_name\":\"Austin J. Mallard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004385044\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel E. Roberts\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-6354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007445878\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen Ross\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3037\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40856-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386069067" }, { "id": 4785, "title": "Exploring the relationship between mental health, drug use, personality, and attitudes towards psilocybin-assisted therapy", "normalized_title": "exploring the relationship between mental health drug use personality and attitudes towards psilocybin assisted therapy", "authors": "Benjamin M. Ross, James T. Neill", "abstract": "Abstract Background Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in magic mushrooms, is increasingly discussed in terms of its psychotherapeutic potential; however, little is known about community attitudes towards psilocybin assisted therapy (PAT). Aims To address the question: What are the public's attitudes towards psilocybin and psilocybin-assisted therapy? And what factors explain these attitudes? Methods This study investigated the attitudes of 118 young adults in the Australian Capital Territory through an online survey. Results Participants who were more open to experience and who had used recreational drugs were more likely to have positive attitudes towards all aspects of PAT. Additionally, psychedelic drug use and agreeableness was positively associated with attitudes towards psilocybin safety, legality, and research; and psilocybin use was positively associated with attitudes towards psilocybin knowledge and acceptability. Conclusions This convenience sample of young adults was generally positively disposed towards PAT. People who were more open to experience and who had used recreational or psychedelic drugs had more favourable attitudes towards PAT.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2023-08-20", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2023.00264", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2023.00264", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Taboo, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Psychiatry, Computer-assisted web interviewing, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Political science, Serotonin, Marketing, Internal medicine, Business, Receptor, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386021261\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386021261\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W14392008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042962409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137271651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316003297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546514788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790381919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790959730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042225060\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109765150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152965122\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204019137\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200397343\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255070880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285605468\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050981201\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin M. Ross\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-9223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008472554\",\"display_name\":\"James T. Neill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-4550\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2023.00264\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386021261" }, { "id": 1043, "title": "Seasonal Variation of Use of Common Psychedelics and Party Drugs Among Nightclub/Festival Attendees in New York City", "normalized_title": "seasonal variation of use of common psychedelics and party drugs among nightclub festival attendees in new york city", "authors": "Joseph J. Palamar, Caroline Rutherford, Austin Le, Katherine M. Keyes", "abstract": "Few epidemiological studies have focused on seasonal variation in the use of common psychedelics and party drugs among nightclub and festival attendees, typically those who attend electronic dance music (EDM) events. We sought to determine whether the use of different drug types varies seasonally within this population. Across 15 seasons from summer 2017 through fall 2022, we surveyed 3,935 adults entering randomly selected nightclubs and festivals in New York City regarding their past-month use of cocaine, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as ecstasy), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (shrooms), and ketamine. Multivariable models were used to compare adjusted odds ratios for drug use within each season with the grand mean of combined seasons. Summer was associated with higher odds for use of LSD (aOR 2.72; 95% CI, 1.88-3.93) and psilocybin (aOR 1.65; CI, 1.12-2.43), independent of increases in psilocybin use over time (p", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2023-08-20", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2023.2240322", "pubmed_id": "37605471", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2240322", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ecstasy, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Harm reduction, Demography, MDMA, Mephedrone, Hallucinogen, Odds ratio, Medicine, Epidemiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Public health, Drug, Sociology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Nursing, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386046815\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386046815\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W377295446\",\"https://openalex.org/W1485056102\",\"https://openalex.org/W1532615519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1769001647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964919381\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971500065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021752411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036425084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037213155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064862041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064962183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086272042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094989376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096927153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108914738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2277234947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2476124803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2685842596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798640434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885354267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893281244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895234743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963240110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964313771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971526197\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014565114\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026693836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043047378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088462839\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121241460\",\"https://openalex.org/W3173450932\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175607222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185664950\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203575693\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200081000\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210652893\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210709241\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221018864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225151974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231744417\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249139214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292410066\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294796248\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295540117\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327694290\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402871826\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048935006\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph J. Palamar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-9415\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008957561\",\"display_name\":\"Caroline Rutherford\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8611-0523\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041138040\",\"display_name\":\"Austin Le\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-5824\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080186393\",\"display_name\":\"Katherine M. Keyes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-021X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2240322\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386046815" }, { "id": 1408, "title": "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Serotonin Receptor and Transient Receptor Potential Channel Ligands in Human Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells.", "normalized_title": "anti inflammatory effects of serotonin receptor and transient receptor potential channel ligands in human small intestinal epithelial cells", "authors": "Robinson GI, Li D, Wang B, Zahoruiko Y, Gerasymchuk M, Hudson D, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I.", "abstract": "Intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis can lead to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and systemic inflammation, affecting multiple organs. Developing novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics is crucial for preventing IBD progression. Serotonin receptor type 2A (5-HT2A) ligands, including psilocybin (Psi), 4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT), and ketanserin (Ket), along with transient receptor potential (TRP) channel ligands like capsaicin (Cap), curcumin (Cur), and eugenol (Eug), show promise as anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of Psi, 4-AcO-DMT, Ket, Cap, Cur, and Eug on human small intestinal epithelial cells (HSEIC). HSEIC were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ for 24 h to induce an inflammatory response, followed by treatment with each compound at varying doses (0-800 μM) for 24 to 96 h. The cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and protein expression by Western blot (WB) analysis. As single treatments, Psi (40 μM), Cur (0.5 μM), and Eug (50 μM) significantly reduced COX-2 levels without cytotoxic effects. When combined, Psi (40 μM) and Cur (0.5 μM) exhibited synergy, resulting in a substantial decrease in COX-2 protein levels (-28× fold change), although the reduction in IL-6 was less pronounced (-1.6× fold change). Psi (20 μM) and Eug (25 μM) demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, with significant decreases in COX-2 (-19× fold change) and IL-6 (-10× fold change) protein levels. Moreover, the combination of Psi and Eug did not induce cytotoxic effects in vitro at any tested doses. This study is the first to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of psilocybin and 4-AcO-DMT in the intestines while highlighting the potential for synergy between the 5-HT2A and TRP channel ligands, specifically Psi and Eug, in alleviating the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory response in HSEIC. Further investigations should evaluate if the Psi and Eug combination has the therapeutic potential to treat IBD in vivo.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-08-14", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/cimb45080427", "pubmed_id": "37623246", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080427", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37623246\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1388, "title": "The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease.", "normalized_title": "the risk of chronic psychedelic and mdma microdosing for valvular heart disease", "authors": "Tagen M, Mantuani D, van Heerden L, Holstein A, Klumpers LE, Knowles R.", "abstract": "Psychedelic microdosing is the practice of taking very low doses of psychedelic substances, typically over a longer period of time. The long-term safety of chronic microdosing is relatively uncharacterized, but valvular heart disease (VHD) has been proposed as a potential risk due to activation of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor. However, this risk has not yet been comprehensively assessed. This analysis searched for all relevant in vitro, animal, and clinical studies related to the VHD risk of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and the non-psychedelic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). All five compounds and some metabolites could bind to the 5-HT2B receptor with potency equal to or greater than that of the 5-HT2A receptor, the primary target of psychedelics. All compounds were partial agonists at the 5-HT2B receptor with the exception of mescaline, which could not be adequately assessed due to low potency. Safety margins relative to the maximum plasma concentrations from typical microdoses were greater than known valvulopathogens, but not without potential risk. No animal or clinical studies appropriately designed to evaluate VHD risk were found for the four psychedelics. However, there is some clinical evidence that chronic ingestion of full doses of MDMA is associated with VHD. We conclude that VHD is a potential risk with chronic psychedelic microdosing, but further studies are necessary to better define this risk.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-08-11", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1177/02698811231190865", "pubmed_id": "37572027", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231190865", "keywords": "Humans, Heart Valve Diseases, Serotonin, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37572027\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,In Vitro Study,Safety", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1326, "title": "Associations between individual hallucinogens and hallucinogen misuse among U.S. Adults who recently initiated hallucinogen use", "normalized_title": "associations between individual hallucinogens and hallucinogen misuse among u s adults who recently initiated hallucinogen use", "authors": "Grant Jones, Felipe Herrmann, Erica Wang", "abstract": "Hallucinogen dependence and abuse are DSM-IV diagnoses that are associated with significant morbidity, yet the specific hallucinogens that are most strongly linked to dependence and abuse are understudied. We used recent data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2020) and multivariable logistic regression to test the relationships that lifetime use of seven individual hallucinogens (MDMA/ecstasy, PCP, ketamine, psilocybin, LSD, peyote, and mescaline) shares with hallucinogen dependence and abuse among individuals who initiated hallucinogen use within the past two years (N = 5,252). We controlled for various demographic factors (sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, self-reported engagement in risky behavior, annual household income, marital status) and lifetime use of various substances. Lifetime PCP use was associated with increased odds of hallucinogen dependence or abuse (aOR [95% CI]: 6.27 [1.51, 26.0]). Additionally, PCP increased the odds of three main hallucinogen dependence and abuse criteria measures (aOR [95% CI]: 4.45 [1.11, 17.8], 5.58 [1.42, 22.0], and 7.01 [1.87, 26.3]). LSD conferred increased odds of two criteria (aOR: 2.33 [1.37, 3.98] and 2.53[1.48, 4.33]), while ketamine and mescaline each conferred increased odds of one criterion (aOR: 2.12 [1.03, 4.39]; 5.39 [1.05, 27.7]). Future longitudinal studies and Bayesian statistical analyses can further assess the relationships between hallucinogens and disordered hallucinogen use.", "journal": "Addictive Behaviors Reports", "publication_date": "2023-08-10", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100513", "pubmed_id": "37649653", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100513", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Psilocybin, Ecstasy, Psychology, Substance abuse, Odds, MDMA, Psychiatry, Logistic regression, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385777618\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385777618\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1924706543\",\"https://openalex.org/W1961364466\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981635589\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083446\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986911450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017394115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020431387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038992891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038999435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042166241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054083522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056774128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070905342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074015840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132551712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137899752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163161496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163391396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164932672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181040265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552801597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895828174\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123680632\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177475579\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203209150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208594145\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210709241\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292410066\",\"https://openalex.org/W4323446877\",\"https://openalex.org/W6663692008\",\"https://openalex.org/W6679518062\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066674976\",\"display_name\":\"Grant Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-310X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081570681\",\"display_name\":\"Felipe Herrmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-6810\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011643664\",\"display_name\":\"Erica Wang\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898531107\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addictive Behaviors Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100513\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385777618" }, { "id": 1414, "title": "A Brief Review on the Potential of Psychedelics for Treating Alzheimer's Disease and Related Depression.", "normalized_title": "a brief review on the potential of psychedelics for treating alzheimer s disease and related depression", "authors": "Pilozzi A, Foster S, Mischoulon D, Fava M, Huang X", "abstract": "Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of senile dementia, is poised to place an even greater societal and healthcare burden as the population ages. With few treatment options for the symptomatic relief of the disease and its unknown etiopathology, more research into AD is urgently needed. Psychedelic drugs target AD-related psychological pathology and symptoms such as depression. Using microdosing, psychedelic drugs may prove to help combat this devastating disease by eliciting psychiatric benefits via acting through various mechanisms of action such as serotonin and dopamine pathways. Herein, we review the studied benefits of a few psychedelic compounds that may show promise in treating AD and attenuating its related depressive symptoms. We used the listed keywords to search through PubMed for relevant preclinical, clinical research, and review articles. The putative mechanism of action (MOA) for psychedelics is that they act mainly as serotonin receptor agonists and induce potential beneficial effects for treating AD and related depression.", "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences", "publication_date": "2023-08-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/ijms241512513", "pubmed_id": "37569888", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37569888/", "keywords": "Alzheimer’s disease, DMT, LSD, dementia, depression, ketamine, mescaline, psilocybin, psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"37569888\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1410, "title": "Transient Elevation of Plasma Glucocorticoids Supports Psilocybin-Induced Anxiolysis in Mice", "normalized_title": "transient elevation of plasma glucocorticoids supports psilocybin induced anxiolysis in mice", "authors": "N. Jones, Zarmeen Zahid, Sean M. Grady, Ziyad W. Sultan, Zhen Zheng, John A. Razidlo, Matthew I. Banks, Cody J. Wenthur", "abstract": "High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide While correlations between drug-induced cortisol elevation, self-reported anxiety, and treatment outcomes have been reported for human studies during psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, the mechanistic relationship between psychedelic-associated alterations in plasma glucocorticoid responses and the time course of anxious responsiveness remains unclear. Using rodents, both time-bound manipulation of glucocorticoid concentrations and assessment of anxiety-like behaviors can be achieved. Here, 3 mg/kg IP psilocybin was found to have anxiolytic-like effects in C57BL/6 male mice at 4 h after treatment. These effects were not altered by pretreatment with a 5-HT2A antagonist but were blunted by pretreatment with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist or suppression of psilocybin-induced corticosterone elevations. Anxiolytic-like effects were also observed at 4 h following treatment with the nonpsychedelic 5-HT2A agonist lisuride at a dose causing a similar increase in plasma glucocorticoids as that seen with psilocybin, as well as following stress-induced (via repeated injection) glucocorticoid release alone. Psilocybin’s anxiolytic-like effects persisted at 7 days following administration. The long-term anxiolytic effects of psilocybin were lost when psilocybin was administered to animals with ongoing chronic elevations in plasma corticosterone concentrations. Overall, these experiments indicate that acute, resolvable psilocybin-induced glucocorticoid release drives the postacute anxiolytic-like effects of psilocybin in mice and that its long-term anxiolytic-like effects can be abolished in the presence of chronically elevated plasma glucocorticoid elevations.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2023-08-01", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.3c00123", "pubmed_id": "37588757", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00123", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anxiolytic, Glucocorticoid, Corticosterone, Antagonist, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Agonist, Pharmacology, Glucocorticoid receptor, Antiglucocorticoid, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Medicine, Receptor, Hormone, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385479997\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":50,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1695265315\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988299301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044913415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074465939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084137319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132001797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2224931695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2296648472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346391128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790381919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791918973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792120884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801130428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883608373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911841008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943398541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036068788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039480673\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048866875\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087469893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3100714436\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109657576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293582084\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311509009\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311982880\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319322412\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362722045\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086005105\",\"display_name\":\"N. Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-6212\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062926830\",\"display_name\":\"Zarmeen Zahid\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-3409\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076428581\",\"display_name\":\"Sean M. Grady\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032004081\",\"display_name\":\"Ziyad W. Sultan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-7300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101615990\",\"display_name\":\"Zhen Zheng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-323X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057449473\",\"display_name\":\"John A. Razidlo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-2253\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037469144\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew I. Banks\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1936-7529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077505426\",\"display_name\":\"Cody J. Wenthur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-3842\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00123\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385479997" }, { "id": 4791, "title": "Med Check: FDA, Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine, Clinical Trials of Psychedelics, and Lumryz", "normalized_title": "med check fda anti amyloid beta vaccine clinical trials of psychedelics and lumryz", "authors": "Terri D’Arrigo", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Med CheckFull AccessMed Check: FDA, Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine, Clinical Trials of Psychedelics, and LumryzTerri D’ArrigoTerri D’ArrigoSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:27 Jul 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.08.8.3FDA Expedites Review of Anti-Amyloid Beta Vaccine for Alzheimer’s DiseaseThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted fast track status to ACI-24.060, AC Immune’s investigational anti-amyloid beta active immunotherapy vaccine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, the company announced in June. The FDA fast track is a process designed to facilitate the development of medications that treat serious conditions and fill an unmet medical need and to expedite their review. ACI-24.060 is thought to enhance the formation of polyclonal anti-amyloid beta antibodies, which may then inhibit plaque accumulation and increase plaque clearance and potentially reduce or prevent Alzheimer’s disease progression.The fast track designation was supported by data from the phase 1b/2 ABATE trial, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing ACI-24.060 in patients with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. Patients were randomized to receive injections of either ACI-24.060 or placebo at predefined time points over 48 weeks. Enrollment in the trial is ongoing, but early results showed that ACI-24.060 elicited an anti-amyloid beta antibody response in the low-dose cohort as soon as week 6, two weeks after the second injection. The trial also found that treatment was safe and well-tolerated, with no serious safety concerns reported.FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Clinical Trials of PsychedelicsIn June the FDA published draft guidance for researchers investigating the use of psychedelic drugs for the potential treatment of medical conditions, including psychiatric or substance use disorders. The draft guidance covers studies on “classic psychedelics” such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), as well as “entactogens” or “empathogens” such as methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).The draft guidance offers recommendations on providing chemistry, manufacturing, and controls information to ensure proper identification, quality, purity, and strength of the investigational substance.The draft guidance also advises researchers to study the ways that psychedelic drugs in development might interact with other medications; for example, chronic use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may reduce the effect of psychedelic drugs, and chronic use of tricyclic antidepressants or lithium and acute use of SSRIs or MAOIs may potentiate psychedelic effects. The draft guidance also provides recommendations for assessing the abuse potential of an investigational substance.The public comment period for the draft guidance ends on August 25. Submit comments.Lumryz Now Available for Adults With NarcolepsyLumryz (sodium oxybate) is now available in the United States for treating cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness in adults who have narcolepsy, Avadel Pharmaceuticals announced in June.The FDA approved the drug on May 1 based on the results of a phase 3 trial that included 212 patients with narcolepsy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 4.5 g, 6.0 g, 7.5 g, or 9.0 g of Lumryz or placebo once nightly for 13 weeks.Compared with patients who took placebo, those who took Lumryz experienced greater improvements in their symptoms at week 13 as measured by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement in daytime sleepiness, and mean weekly cataplexy attacks recorded on the Sleep and Symptom Daily Diary.Lumryz is supplied in packets with granules that are mixed with water and taken as a single dose orally at bedtime. The dosage strengths include 4.5 g, 6 g, 7.5 g, and 9 g per packet. ■ ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2023-07-26", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2023.08.8.3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.08.8.3", "keywords": "Medicine, Placebo, Clinical trial, Internal medicine, Disease, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385324763\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385324763\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056763663\",\"display_name\":\"Terri D’Arrigo\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.08.8.3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Observational Study,Safety,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385324763" }, { "id": 3146, "title": "Systematic Review on the Mechanisms of Action of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression", "normalized_title": "systematic review on the mechanisms of action of psilocybin in the treatment of depression", "authors": "Lin M, Lee H, Tsang V, Chai B, Howard A, Uy C, Elefante J.", "abstract": "Introduction Despite emerging evidence suggesting the efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of mood disorders such as depression, the exact mechanisms by which psilocybin is able to elicit these antidepressant effects remains unknown. Objectives As the use of psilocybin as a treatment modality for depression has garnered increasing interest, this study aims to summarize the existing evidence of the mechanism of action with which psilocybin alleviates depressive symptoms, focusing specifically on the neurobiological effects of psilocybin in human subjects. Methods Four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, psychINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of MeSH terms and free text keywords in September 2021. The original search included both human and animal studies and must have included testing of the mechanism of action of psilocybin. Only antidepressant effects were considered, with no other mood disorders or psychiatric diagnoses included. Two independent researchers screened at every stage of the review, with a third researcher resolving any conflicts. Though a full systematic review outlining the current literature on the complete mechanisms of action of psilocybin on depression was conducted, this abstract will focus specifically on the nine papers that included human subjects, disregarding the five animal models. PROSPERO registration number: 282710. Results After removing duplicates, the search identified 2193 papers and forty-nine were selected for full text review. Out of nine papers outlining the mechanisms of action of psilocybin use in human subjects, three papers investigated psilocybin’s effect on serotonin or glutamate receptor activity, two found an increase in synaptogenesis in regions such as the medial frontal cortex and hippocampus. Four found variation in blood flow to the amygdala, two found altered blood flow to the prefrontal cortex, and one found a reduction in delta power during sleep. Four papers found changes in functional connectivity or neurotransmission, most commonly in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Conclusions Overall, the exact mechanism of psilocybin’s potential antidepressant effect remains unclear. Multiple pathways may be involved, including alterations in serotonin and glutamate receptor activity, as well as shifts in amygdala activity, neurogenesis, and functional connectivity in various brain regions. The relative lack of studies, and the variety of neurobiological modalities and endpoints used challenged the consolidation of data into consensus findings. Further studies are needed to better characterize psilocybin’s mechanism of action and to better understand the clinical effects of the use of psilocybin in the treatment of depression. Disclosure of Interest None Declared", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-07-18", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC10434693", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC10434693\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4792, "title": "Imprinting: expanding the extra-pharmacological model of psychedelic drug action to incorporate delayed influences of sets and settings", "normalized_title": "imprinting expanding the extra pharmacological model of psychedelic drug action to incorporate delayed influences of sets and settings", "authors": "Nicolas Garel, Julien Thibault Lévesque, Dasha A. Sandra, Justin Lessard-Wajcer, Elizaveta Solomonova, Michael Lifshitz, Stéphane Richard-Devantoy, Kyle T. Greenway", "abstract": "Background: Psychedelic drug experiences are shaped by current-moment contextual factors, commonly categorized as internal (set) and external (setting). Potential influences of past environments, however, have received little attention. Aims: To investigate how previous environmental stimuli shaped the experiences of patients receiving ketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and develop the concept of \"imprinting\" to account for such time-lagged effects across diverse hallucinogenic drugs. Methods: Recordings of treatment sessions and phenomenological interviews from 26 participants of a clinical trial investigating serial intravenous ketamine infusions for TRD, conducted from January 2021 to August 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. A broad literature search was undertaken to identify potentially underrecognized examples of imprinting with both serotonergic and atypical psychedelics, as well as analogous cognitive processes and neural mechanisms. Results: In naturalistic single-subject experiments of a 28-year-old female and a 34-year-old male, subjective ketamine experiences were significantly altered by varying exposures to particular forms of digital media in the days preceding treatments. Higher levels of media exposure reduced the mystical/emotional qualities of subsequent psychedelic ketamine experiences, overpowering standard intention-setting practices and altering therapeutic outcomes. Qualitative data from 24 additional patients yielded eight further spontaneous reports of past environmental exposures manifesting as visual hallucinations during ketamine experiences. We identified similar examples of imprinting with diverse psychoactive drugs in past publications, including in the first-ever report of ketamine in human subjects, as well as analogous processes known to underly dreaming. Conclusions/interpretation: Past environmental exposures can significantly influence the phenomenology and therapeutic outcomes of psychedelic experiences, yet are underrecognized and understudied. To facilitate future research, we propose expanding the contextual model of psychedelic drug actions to incorporate imprinting, a novel concept that may aid clinicians, patients, and researchers to better understand psychedelic drug effects. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04701866.", "journal": "Frontiers in Human Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2023-07-17", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2023.1200393", "pubmed_id": "37533588", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1200393", "keywords": "Psychology, Psilocybin, Imprinting (psychology), Cognition, Hallucinogen, Ketamine, Serotonergic, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Developmental psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Receptor, Gene, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384695430\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384695430\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":29,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W15515072\",\"https://openalex.org/W601952952\",\"https://openalex.org/W621567176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1537216698\",\"https://openalex.org/W1773987357\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968545305\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970073498\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978489084\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985747376\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989317543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017503839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020572634\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039100550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051870216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079521646\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079550489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081836674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087671156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088173209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094236688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114267682\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124211545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131536379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154640601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340562190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408517738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519712963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597539284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2704181554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762771556\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782003333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796238448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807516377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887258972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888198681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966745778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003581149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031742716\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036254936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043340095\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097501343\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129584613\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137976016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154528253\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200582775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210932781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226441956\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229066366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4237405869\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243480554\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295009342\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295789857\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794773\",\"https://openalex.org/W6704009614\",\"https://openalex.org/W6843388715\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086538803\",\"display_name\":\"Nicolas Garel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-9943\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074265418\",\"display_name\":\"Julien Thibault Lévesque\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-6680\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036972950\",\"display_name\":\"Dasha A. Sandra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-2807\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092493952\",\"display_name\":\"Justin Lessard-Wajcer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012162145\",\"display_name\":\"Elizaveta Solomonova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3733-8676\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049462296\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Lifshitz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-4248\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059240933\",\"display_name\":\"Stéphane Richard-Devantoy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-960X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086630833\",\"display_name\":\"Kyle T. Greenway\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-493X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S146364893\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1200393\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4384695430" }, { "id": 3217, "title": "Administration effects of four psilocybin mushroom extracts on serotonin levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity levels in vivo and in vitro after one hour", "normalized_title": "administration effects of four psilocybin mushroom extracts on serotonin levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity levels in vivo and in vitro after one hour", "authors": "Nkadimeng SM, Hay L, Steinmann CM, Eloff JN.", "abstract": "Abstract Background Psilocybin-containing mushrooms induce antidepressant and momentary increase in blood pressure (BP) with potential risk to users with cardiovascular diseases. Irregularities in nitric oxide (NO) levels play a key role in endothelial dysfunctions leading to increases in BP. Mushrooms species show large variation in potency which may potentially induce different outcomes and mechanisms of action. Effects of the mushrooms on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity is not known. Aim To investigate safety and effects of administration of four psilocybin-containing mushroom species, Panaeolus cyanescens, Psilocybe natalensis, Psilocybe cubensis and Psilocybe cubesis leucistic A + strain, on acute haemodynamic and LV parameters in normal Wistar rat and on serotonin, NO levels and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity in vivo and in vitro on H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Methods Mushrooms were extracted with hot-boiling water and administered (5 mg/kg) through a direct catheterization in anaesthetized rats. Nuzak (0.2 mg/kg) and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (LNAME) were used as positive controls and negative control group given saline. Levels of serotonin, NO and eNOS activities were measured after 1-hour treatment. Results Mushroom treatments incited non-significant increase in LV parameters peaks only after 20 minutes and not immediate like with LNAME. Mushrooms induced a significant increase in serotonin levels and a suppressing effect on the eNOS activity in vivo in rats and in vitro in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Mushroom treatments were safe on the LV function and induced a significant serotonin level with the concentration investigated. Disturbance in eNOS pathways may be the underlying mechanism involved in the psilocybin-mushroom extracts to inducing temporary BP increase. The four mushrooms exhibited different cardiac effects indicating variations depending on mushroom species.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2023-07-17", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088850/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088850/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR693606\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1045, "title": "Translation and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of Spanish Versions of Three Psychedelic Acute Effects Measures: Mystical, Challenging, and Insight Experiences", "normalized_title": "translation and initial psychometric evaluation of spanish versions of three psychedelic acute effects measures mystical challenging and insight experiences", "authors": "Alan K. Davis, Christopher Timmermann, Ana María Ortiz Bernal, Rafael Lancelotta, Sandeep M. Nayak, Nathan D. Sepeda, Aki Nikolaidis, Roland R. Griffiths", "abstract": "This study translated and tested the psychometric properties of acute psychedelic effects measures among Spanish-speaking people. The Psychological Insight Questionnaire (PIQ), Challenging Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ), and Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ) were translated before being incorporated into a web-based survey. We recruited native Spanish-speakers (N = 442; Mage = 30.8, SD = 10.9; Latino/Latina = 62%; Hispanic = 91.4%; male = 71.5%) to assess their previous experience with one of two psychedelics (LSD = 58.4%; Psilocybin = 41.6%) and their acute and enduring effects. Confirmatory factor analysis (confirming factor structure based on the English version) revealed a good fit for the MEQ, PIQ and the CEQ. Repeating our analysis in each drug subsample revealed consistency in factor structure for each assessment tool. Construct validity was supported by significant positive associations between the PIQ and MEQ, and between the PIQ and MEQ and changes in cognitive fusion and negative associations between changes in prosocial behaviors. As a signal of predictive validity, persisting effects (PEQ) were strongly related to scores on the MEQ and PIQ. Findings demonstrate that the Spanish versions of these measures can be reliably employed in studies of psychedelic use or administration in Spanish-speaking populations.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2023-07-13", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379", "pubmed_id": "37449499", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Confirmatory factor analysis, Clinical psychology, Prosocial behavior, Construct validity, Psychometrics, Hallucinogen, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry, Structural equation modeling, Statistics, Mathematics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384339800\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384339800\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1857921554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018201949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033922058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080691425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085039988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2591766655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792601162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926665170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996233343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998604208\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018943978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033422973\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112208811\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133906491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152417644\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185477803\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220776312\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220968891\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223562941\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245888828\",\"https://openalex.org/W6992586609\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065805342\",\"display_name\":\"Ana María Ortiz Bernal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-6497\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056271117\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael Lancelotta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-3463\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069715854\",\"display_name\":\"Aki Nikolaidis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-1934\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4384339800" }, { "id": 1393, "title": "Psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant SSRI medication", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant ssri medication", "authors": "Guy M. Goodwin, Megan Croal, David Feifel, John R. Kelly, Lindsey Marwood, Sunil Mistry, Veronica O’Keane, Stéphanie Knatz Peck, Hollie Simmons, Claudia Sisa, S. C. Stansfield, Joyce Tsai, Sam Williams, Ekaterina Malievskaia", "abstract": "Psilocybin is being investigated as a treatment in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Withdrawal from serotonergic antidepressant drugs is a common prerequisite for taking part in trials of psilocybin due to the possibility of ongoing antidepressant drugs altering the psychedelic effect. This phase II, exploratory, international, fixed-dose, open-label study explored the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a synthetic form of psilocybin (investigational drug COMP360) adjunct to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in participants with TRD. Participants received a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin alongside psychological support and were followed-up for 3 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was change in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from Baseline at Week 3. Secondary end points were safety, including treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), the proportion of responders and remitters at Week 3, and the change from Baseline to Week 3 in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score. Nineteen participants were dosed and the mean Baseline MADRS total score was 31.7 (SD = 5.77). Twelve (63.2%) participants had a TEAE, most of which were mild and resolved on the day of onset. There were no serious TEAEs or indication of increased suicidal ideation or behavior. At Week 3, mean change from Baseline in MADRS total score was -14.9 (95% CI, -20.7 to -9.2), and -1.3 (SD = 1.29) in the CGI-S. Both response and remission were evident in 8 (42.1%) participants. Larger, comparator-controlled trials are necessary to understand if this paradigm can optimize treatment-outcome where antidepressant drug withdrawal would be problematic.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-07-12", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-023-01648-7", "pubmed_id": "37443386", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01648-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Clinical Global Impression, Tolerability, Adverse effect, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychology, Antidepressant, Major depressive episode, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Paroxetine, Clinical trial, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Placebo, Anxiety, Cognition, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384130479\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"compound:comp360\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":165,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1742833546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979534890\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990166011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006625863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020187443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069138677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083894864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108984307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913453568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914444775\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000661394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200117112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200627112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254230094\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281784879\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291162385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037628078\",\"display_name\":\"Guy M. Goodwin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-2816\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072218538\",\"display_name\":\"Megan Croal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-1003\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000063591\",\"display_name\":\"David Feifel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-0220\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046590180\",\"display_name\":\"John R. Kelly\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-0615\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080462431\",\"display_name\":\"Lindsey Marwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-2199\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108850316\",\"display_name\":\"Sunil Mistry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020131072\",\"display_name\":\"Veronica O’Keane\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-099X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011897192\",\"display_name\":\"Stéphanie Knatz Peck\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-9158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030406378\",\"display_name\":\"Hollie Simmons\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077910544\",\"display_name\":\"Claudia Sisa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019711791\",\"display_name\":\"S. C. Stansfield\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103816856\",\"display_name\":\"Joyce Tsai\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111726730\",\"display_name\":\"Sam Williams\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021278348\",\"display_name\":\"Ekaterina Malievskaia\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01648-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4384130479" }, { "id": 1294, "title": "Must Psilocybin Always “Assist Psychotherapy”?", "normalized_title": "must psilocybin always assist psychotherapy", "authors": "Guy M. Goodwin, Ekaterina Malievskaia, Gregory A. Fonzo, Charles B. Nemeroff", "abstract": "", "journal": "American Journal of Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-07-11", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp.20221043", "pubmed_id": "37434509", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20221043", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4383998917\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":186,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168965962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557963836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790115166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968540378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134109999\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296710292\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319067008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361301344\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037628078\",\"display_name\":\"Guy M. Goodwin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-2816\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021278348\",\"display_name\":\"Ekaterina Malievskaia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015637469\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory A. Fonzo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-1034\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050356892\",\"display_name\":\"Charles B. Nemeroff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-1160\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S116025658\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20221043\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4383998917" }, { "id": 4795, "title": "Leveraging psychedelic therapies for binge eating disorder", "normalized_title": "leveraging psychedelic therapies for binge eating disorder", "authors": "Jim Gilligan", "abstract": "Leveraging psychedelic therapies for binge eating disorder Here Tryp Therapeutics examine the viability of using psychedelic therapies for Binge Eating Disorder and the potential results that using psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could have on different eating disorders. Tryp Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company dedicated to the development of exclusive and innovative formulations for administering psilocin in conjunction with psychotherapy, aiming to address unmet medical needs in various diseases. Our primary focus is on our lead program, TRP-8803, which represents a proprietary formulation of intravenous (IV) infused psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin. This formulation overcomes several limitations associated with oral psilocybin administration. By directly administering psilocin via the intravenous route, we achieve the most precise form of dosing, ensuring the reproducibility of blood levels necessary for clinical efficacy while preserving safety. In contrast, oral administration of psilocybin relies on enzymatic conversion of psilocybin to psilocin, resulting in substantial variability in drug blood levels among patients, potentially confounding the planned outcome of clinical studies.", "journal": "Open Access Government", "publication_date": "2023-07-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.56367/oag-039-10936", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-039-10936", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Dosing, Eating disorders, Hallucinogen, Binge-eating disorder, Medicine, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Psychology, Bulimia nervosa, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384523308\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4384523308\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109633638\",\"display_name\":\"Jim Gilligan\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284225\",\"source_display_name\":\"Open Access Government\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-039-10936\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4384523308" }, { "id": 1156, "title": "Ethopharmacological evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of serotonergic psychedelics in C57BL/6J male mice", "normalized_title": "ethopharmacological evaluation of antidepressant like effect of serotonergic psychedelics in c57bl 6j male mice", "authors": "Takaba R, Ibi D, Yoshida K, Hosomi E, Kawase R, Kitagawa H, Goto H, Achiwa M, Mizutani K, Maede K, González-Maeso J, Kitagaki S, Hiramatsu M.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and DOI exert a hallucinatory effect through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A) activation. Recent studies have revealed that serotonergic psychedelics have therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive and anxiety-related disorders. However, the involvement of 5-HT2A in mediating the therapeutic effects of these drugs remains unclear. In this study, we ethopharmacologically analyzed the role of 5-HT2A in the occurrence of anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like effects of serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocin, an active metabolite of psilocybin, DOI, and TCB-2 in mice. Mice with acute intraperitoneal psychedelic treatment exhibited significantly shorter immobility times in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail-suspension test (TST) than vehicle-treated control mice 24 h post-treatment. These effects were eliminated by pretreatment with volinanserin, a 5-HT2A antagonist. Surprisingly, the decreasing immobility time in the FST in response to acute psilocin treatment was sustained for at least three weeks. In the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), the latency to feed, an indicator of anxiety-like behavior, was decreased by acute administration of psilocin; however, pretreatment with volinanserin did not diminish this effect. In contrast, DOI and TCB-2 did not affect the NSFT performance in mice. Furthermore, psilocin, DOI, and TCB-2 treatment did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity or head-twitch response, a hallucination-like behavior in rodents. These results suggest that 5-HT2A contributes to the antidepressant effects of serotonergic psychedelics rather than an anxiolytic effects.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2023-07-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3138705/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3138705/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR688165\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3449, "title": "Evaluating the Effect of Length of Time on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) on the Response to Psilocybin-assisted Therapy in Individuals With Mild-moderate Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)", "normalized_title": "evaluating the effect of length of time on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ssris on the response to psilocybin assisted therapy in individuals with mild moderate major depressive disorder mdd", "authors": "Cybin Therapeutics Inc.", "abstract": "This study is an open-label, single-arm, within-subjects design in individuals with mild-moderate Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). All participants will receive a single dose of 25mg of psilocybin in a therapeutic setting. In order to investigate the effects of length of time on SSRI therapy, 30 participants with varying lengths of time on SSRI therapy will be enrolled, stratified into four groups: * Group 1: ≤ 1 year * Group 2: 1 to ≤ 5 years * Group 3: 5 to ≤ 10 years * Group 4: \\> 10 years The majority of clinical investigations with psilocybin to date either exclude participants on SSRIs or taper them off SSRIs prior to psilocybin administration. While evidence derived from the use of larger doses of psilocybin suggests that its predominately serotonergic effects are safe when administered in controlled settings, research investigating the effects of psilocybin with individuals taking SSRIs is lacking, despite the prevalent and chronic use of SSRIs in individuals with depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of length of time on SSRIs on psilocybin-assisted therapy response in individuals with MDD. Specifically, this feasibility study investigates participants who undergo a single-dose of psilocybin (25mg) in combination with pre- and post-dose therapy sessions. The follow-up period in the present study is 12 weeks (3 months).", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-07-05", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05594667", "keywords": "Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Mild Depression, Moderate Depression, Depressive Disorder, Psilocybin, PEX010, WITHDRAWN", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05594667\",\"overall_status\":\"WITHDRAWN\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4796, "title": "Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs", "normalized_title": "introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Scott R. Walker, Glenn A. Pullella, Matthew Piggott, Peter J. Duggan", "abstract": "The science of psychedelics is an intriguing, multi-disciplinary field that has recently been the subject of heightened public interest. This has mainly resulted from publicity associated with a number of high-profile investigations into psychedelic-assisted therapy for a range of difficult-to-treat mental health conditions. With many psychedelic substances known, including natural, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic, and a rangeof receptors, enzymes and transporters implicated in their modes of action, although very interesting, the field can appear daunting to newcomers to the area. This Primer Review is designed to give an overview of the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelics. It is hoped that it will provide a useful resource for science undergraduates, postgraduates and their instructors, and experienced scientists who require a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the field. The Review begins with a summary of the important classes of psychedelics and then goes on to summarise the known history of their traditional human use, dating back to prehistoric times. Following that, important classes of psychedelics are examined in more detail, namely the ergolines, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), tryptamines like psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine, phenethylamines typified by mescaline and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), arylcyclohexylamines including ketamine and phenylcyclohexylpiperidine (PCP), and a group of naturally occurring drugs that do not belong to any of these three classes, examples being muscimol and salvinorin A. The contributions made by early pioneers like Albert Hofmann and Alexander Shulgin are briefly summarised. References to primary literature and more specialised reviews are provided throughout.", "journal": "Australian Journal of Chemistry", "publication_date": "2023-07-03", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1071/ch23050", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1071/ch23050", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mescaline, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Biochemistry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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R. Walker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-1768\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021643821\",\"display_name\":\"Glenn A. Pullella\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-7936\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024041967\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew Piggott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-7051\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063987103\",\"display_name\":\"Peter J. Duggan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-5367\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S91238560\",\"source_display_name\":\"Australian Journal of Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1071/ch23050\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4383113073" }, { "id": 1437, "title": "Serotonin 5-HT2B receptor agonism and valvular heart disease: implications for the development of psilocybin and related agents.", "normalized_title": "serotonin 5 ht2b receptor agonism and valvular heart disease implications for the development of psilocybin and related agents", "authors": "McIntyre RS.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-06-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/14740338.2023.2248883", "pubmed_id": "37581427", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2023.2248883", "keywords": "Humans, Heart Valve Diseases, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37581427\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1427, "title": "Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression without psychedelic effects: study protocol for a 4-week, double-blind, proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treatment resistant depression without psychedelic effects study protocol for a 4 week double blind proof of concept randomised controlled trial", "authors": "Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Daniel M. Blumberger, David Castle, Nicole Ledwos, Elise Fellows, Brett D. M. Jones, Abigail Ortiz, Stefan Kloiber, Wei Wang, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Benoit H. Mulsant", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psilocybin have reported large antidepressant effects in adults with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Given psilocybin's psychedelic effects, all published studies have included psychological support. These effects depend on serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation, which can be blocked by 5-HT2A receptor antagonists like ketanserin or risperidone. In an animal model of depression, ketanserin followed by psilocybin had similar symptomatic effects as psilocybin alone. AIMS: To conduct a proof-of-concept RCT to (a) establish feasibility and tolerability of combining psilocybin and risperidone in adults with TRD, (b) show that this combination blocks the psychedelic effects of psilocybin and (c) provide pilot data on the antidepressant effect of this combination (compared with psilocybin alone). METHOD: In a 4-week, three-arm, 'double dummy' trial, 60 adults with TRD will be randomised to psilocybin 25 mg plus risperidone 1 mg, psilocybin 25 mg plus placebo, or placebo plus risperidone 1 mg. All participants will receive 12 h of manualised psychotherapy. Measures of feasibility will include recruitment and retention rates; tolerability and safety will be assessed by rates of drop-out attributed to adverse events and rates of serious adverse events. The 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale will be a secondary outcome measure. RESULTS: This trial will advance the understanding of psilocybin's mechanism of antidepressant action. CONCLUSIONS: This line of research could increase acceptability and access to psilocybin as a novel treatment for TRD without the need for a psychedelic experience and continuous monitoring.", "journal": "BJPsych Open", "publication_date": "2023-06-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1192/bjo.2023.535", "pubmed_id": "37489299", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.535", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tolerability, Risperidone, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Adverse effect, Placebo, Antidepressant, Randomized controlled trial, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Treatment-resistant depression, Medicine, Internal medicine, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Anxiety, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385230722\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385230722\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":41,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W183123008\",\"https://openalex.org/W1742833546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991333985\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005536744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011148606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020646491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059916690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062339243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078202556\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082494913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108696783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109935313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140815719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148083007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165673785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169442707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2481029616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626759055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795594181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808857229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981767691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034152700\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086247180\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159976828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161972106\",\"https://openalex.org/W3207135103\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223456429\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236805817\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292262959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292528167\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301392523\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319984222\",\"https://openalex.org/W6607541484\",\"https://openalex.org/W6637656337\",\"https://openalex.org/W6782785839\",\"https://openalex.org/W6849190221\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078217449\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Ishrat Husain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-5750\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003880874\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel M. Blumberger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-5818\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052884442\",\"display_name\":\"David Castle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-1580\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051154946\",\"display_name\":\"Nicole Ledwos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-3313\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031986806\",\"display_name\":\"Elise Fellows\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3649-3882\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079504997\",\"display_name\":\"Brett D. M. Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-1059\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077520656\",\"display_name\":\"Abigail Ortiz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047723483\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Kloiber\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-4114\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100391883\",\"display_name\":\"Wei Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-1360\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050740394\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua D. Rosenblat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-2191\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019562259\",\"display_name\":\"Benoit H. Mulsant\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-6450\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764831659\",\"source_display_name\":\"BJPsych Open\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.535\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Randomized Controlled Trial,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385230722" }, { "id": 1394, "title": "Clinical specificity profile for novel rapid acting antidepressant drugs.", "normalized_title": "clinical specificity profile for novel rapid acting antidepressant drugs", "authors": "Scala M, Fanelli G, De Ronchi D, Serretti A, Fabbri C.", "abstract": "Mood disorders are recurrent/chronic diseases with variable clinical remission rates. Available antidepressants are not effective in all patients and often show a relevant response latency, with a range of adverse events, including weight gain and sexual dysfunction. Novel rapid agents were developed with the aim of overcoming at least in part these issues. Novel drugs target glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, orexin, and other receptors, providing a broader range of pharmacodynamic mechanisms, that is, expected to increase the possibility of personalizing treatments on the individual clinical profile. These new drugs were developed with the aim of combining a rapid action, a tolerable profile, and higher effectiveness on specific symptoms, which were relatively poorly targeted by standard antidepressants, such as anhedonia and response to reward, suicidal ideation/behaviours, insomnia, cognitive deficits, and irritability. This review discusses the clinical specificity profile of new antidepressants, namely 4-chlorokynurenine (AV-101), dextromethorphan-bupropion, pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one (PH-10), pimavanserin, PRAX-114, psilocybin, esmethadone (REL-1017/dextromethadone), seltorexant (JNJ-42847922/MIN-202), and zuranolone (SAGE-217). The main aim is to provide an overview of the efficacy/tolerability of these compounds in patients with mood disorders having different symptom/comorbidity patterns, to help clinicians in the optimization of the risk/benefit ratio when prescribing these drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-06-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1097/yic.0000000000000488", "pubmed_id": "37381161", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/yic.0000000000000488", "keywords": "Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Bupropion, Antidepressive Agents, Comorbidity, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37381161\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3538, "title": "Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder", "normalized_title": "investigating the therapeutic effects of psilocybin in treatment resistant post traumatic stress disorder", "authors": "Halucenex Life Sciences Inc.", "abstract": "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex disorder expressed as a variety of neurobiological symptoms, including anxiety, re-experiencing, hyperarousal, and avoidance symptoms, along with comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and increased risk for self-medicating substance abuse. Currently, there are only two approved medications in the United States (US) for PTSD, paroxetine and sertraline. Psychedelic medications, including psilocybin, have recently received breakthrough designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for other psychiatric indications. Although no formal clinical trials have yet investigated psychedelic substances for the treatment of PTSD, the available evidence warrants such an investigation. The present study aims to investigate the effect of psilocybin on treatment-resistant PTSD. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex disorder expressed as a variety of neurobiological symptoms, including anxiety, re-experiencing, hyperarousal, and avoidance symptoms, along with comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and increased risk for self-medicating substance abuse. Currently, there are only two approved medications in the United States (US) for PTSD, paroxetine and sertraline. These selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have limited efficacy. Furthermore, there is a lack of efficacious pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant PTSD; PTSD remains a chronic and sometimes debilitating condition. New research into other treatment options for PTSD are warranted. Psychedelic medications, including psilocybin, have recently received breakthrough designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for other psychiatric indications. Psilocybin has received breakthrough designation for treatment of depression. Research on psilocybin has shown that it facilitates fear extinction in mice and promotes neuroplasticity, increasing neurogenesis, spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. These properties may contribute to antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. Psilocybin also reduces activity in the amygdala during threat responses; decreased amygdala reactivity is correlated with positive mood. This is particularly relevant since individuals with PTSD showed increased reactivity in the amygdala, which may increase the ability to process traumatic memories. Although no formal clinical trials have yet investigated psychedelic substances for the treatment of PTSD, the available evidence warrants such an investigation. The present study aims to investigate the effect of psilocybin on treatment-resistant PTSD.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-06-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05243329", "keywords": "Treatment Resistant Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Psilocybin, UNKNOWN", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05243329\",\"overall_status\":\"UNKNOWN\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1098, "title": "Psilocybin's Potential Mechanisms in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin s potential mechanisms in the treatment of depression a systematic review", "authors": "Lee HJ, Tsang VW, Chai BS, Lin MC, Howard A, Uy C, Elefante JO.", "abstract": "Evidence suggests that psilocybin has therapeutic benefit for treating depression. However, there is little consensus regarding the mechanism by which psilocybin elicits antidepressant effects. This systematic review summarizes existing evidence. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, psychINFO, and Web of Science were searched, for both human and animal studies, using a combination of MeSH Terms and free-text keywords in September 2021. No other mood disorders or psychiatric diagnoses were included. Original papers in English were included. The PRISMA framework was followed for the screening of papers. Two researchers screened the retrieved articles from the literature search, and a third researcher resolved any conflicts. Of 2,193 papers identified, 49 were selected for full-text review. 14 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Six supported psilocybin's mechanism of antidepressant action via changes to serotonin or glutamate receptor activity and three papers found an increase in synaptogenesis. Thirteen papers investigated changes in non-receptor or pathway-specific brain activity. Five papers found changes in functional connectivity or neurotransmission, most commonly in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Several neuroreceptors, neurotransmitters, and brain areas are thought to be involved in psilocybin's ability to mitigate depressive symptoms. Psilocybin appears to alter cerebral blood flow to the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, but the evidence on changes in functional connectivity and specific receptor activity remains sparse. The lack of consensus between studies suggests that psilocybin's mechanism of action may involve a variety of pathways, demonstrating the need for more studies on psilocybin's mechanism of action as an antidepressant.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-06-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2023.2223195", "pubmed_id": "37385217", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2223195", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37385217\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4803, "title": "Experts Offer Tips on Talking With Patients About Psychedelics", "normalized_title": "experts offer tips on talking with patients about psychedelics", "authors": "Terri D’Arrigo", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Annual MeetingFull AccessExperts Offer Tips on Talking With Patients About PsychedelicsTerri D’ArrigoTerri D’ArrigoSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:28 Jun 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.51AbstractPsychedelics differ from one another in their mechanism of action and potential effects on the body and mind. Are you ready to answer your patients’ questions about them?Psychiatrists must be prepared to answer their patients’ questions about psychedelics, even as the research and legal landscapes surrounding therapeutic use are constantly evolving. In a packed session at APA’s 2023 Annual Meeting, experts and researchers provided an overview of the state of psychedelics research and offered concrete talking points that psychiatrists can use in their discussions about psychedelics with patients.“Folks tend to lump a lot of different psychedelics into the same black box,” said Aaron Wolfgang, M.D., an assistant professor adjunct of psychiatry at Yale University. “[People] who have never taken a psychedelic may have assumptions based on what they know of 1960s and 1970s counterculture. But psychedelics are all actually quite different.”Aaron Wolfgang, M.D., encouraged psychiatrists to talk with patients about the importance of having others present if they are going to take illegal psychedelics.Robert A. LisakWolfgang said that psychiatrists need to look at the therapeutic effects of psychedelics as they would the psychoactive medications they use to treat patients. “[J]ust as an SSRI is going to be quite different from an MAOI, MDMA is going to be quite different from psilocybin or ibogaine.”Nolan Williams, M.D., an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the director of the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab at Stanford University, discussed the findings of an open-label trial of ibogaine and magnesium in veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury. (Magnesium was included for its heart-stabilizing effects.)The patients were evaluated using standardized measurements for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, executive function, and cognition. They then received the ibogaine-magnesium medication in oral form during a therapeutic session. One month after treatment, 80% of the patients were within the healthy range on all three scales. Six months after treatment, more than 80% were within the healthy range for PTSD and anxiety, and more than 70% were within the healthy range for depression.Williams said that the patients also experienced a reduction in the severity of “moral injury” sustained during combat.“These are injuries such as accidentally shooting a civilian when [the soldiers] meant to shoot the enemy or leaving a friend on the battlefield,” Williams explained. “We saw a statistically significant reduction of moral injury and suicidal ideation, as well as improvements in executive function. … We also observed increases in cortical thickness in key areas of the brain involved in mood regulation.”Bryan Barksdale, M.D., Ph.D., a PGY-3 resident at the University of Texas at Austin, provided an overview of dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is found in plants such as ayahuasca that are used in traditional medicine by Indigenous people; LSD; and psilocybin. He noted that these psychedelics may interact with the psychotropic medications that patients may be taking. For example, these substances interact with serotonin receptors in the body and may therefore interact with SSRIs.“There’s also a theoretical risk of serotonin syndrome. It’s rare …, but it’s something that we should be able to counsel patients about,” Barksdale said. He added that with all psychedelics, there is the potential for difficult emotional experiences and, while rare, persistent changes in perception.Barksdale emphasized the importance of counseling patients who may be at risk for adverse psychiatric events during psychedelic use.“For people with predispositions like family history of bipolar disorder or a primary psychotic disorder, [psychedelic use] can potentially exacerbate or trigger one of those disorders. We should make sure to counsel these patients so they can make informed decisions.”Wolfgang rounded out the session with a discussion of harm reduction. He reflected on a potential surge in demand for psychedelics should the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve psychedelics such as MDMA and psilocybin.“Access to these treatments is going to be limited because they are highly resource intensive,” Wolfgang said. He noted the need for trained medical and mental health professionals as well as appropriate settings to offer these treatments.“It’s the responsibility of every single person in this room to help patients understand [the risks of illicit psychedelic use] and help redirect them to legal settings such as clinical trials,” Wolfgang said. “It’s not often, but people do die when they use these substances in recreational [or other illegal] settings, particularly when they’re combined with other substances.” He added that when psychedelics are adulterated, the added ingredients are most often opioids.Wolfgang acknowledged that some patients will seek out illegal psychedelics even after psychiatrists counsel them on the risks. To that end, he encouraged psychiatrists to talk with their patients about the following:Using testing kits to make sure the compounds they are about to take are not adulterated with other substances.Having other people, informally known as “sitters,” present when they take the psychedelics.Having naloxone available in the event a psychedelic is contaminated with opioids so that others present may revive the patient. ■ ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2023-06-27", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.51", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.51", "keywords": "Counterculture, Psychology, Session (web analytics), MDMA, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Law, Computer science, Political science, World Wide Web, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4382360061\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4382360061\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056763663\",\"display_name\":\"Terri D’Arrigo\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.51\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Veterans,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4382360061" }, { "id": 4802, "title": "Psychedelic Therapy Requires Enhanced Consent Discussions", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy requires enhanced consent discussions", "authors": "Nick Zagorski", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Annual MeetingFull AccessPsychedelic Therapy Requires Enhanced Consent DiscussionsNick ZagorskiNick ZagorskiPublished Online:28 Jun 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.46AbstractThe presenters at an Annual Meeting session cautioned that patients pursuing psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy will benefit from physicians offering more, not less, information about the myriad outcomes they may experience.iStock/grinvaldsAs psychedelic substances continue to march toward regulatory approval for therapeutic use, clinicians need to develop clear and strong standards of informed consent. This was one of the key messages of an APA Annual Meeting session on the ethics of psychedelic therapy.\"Psychedelics can induce a fantastical experience that is so different from traditional medicine that some people have said the normal rules shouldn't apply,\" said Sandeep Nayak, M.D., an assistant professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University and a member of the Hopkins Center for Psychedelic & Consciousness Research. \"No, they absolutely should apply.\"Given the unique properties of psychedelic substances, many rules should be even stronger, noted Will Smith, M.D., Ph.D., who is a psychiatry fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and studies biomedical ethics. He argued that there should be an enhanced patient consent process regarding these drugs.Smith noted that for standard psychotropic medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), informed consent discussions walk patients through the common risks of treatment-the information that the average person would care about. In the case of SSRIs, for example, discussions would touch on gastrointestinal problems, sexual dysfunction, and serotonin syndrome.With psychedelic substances, however, many of the effects are ineffable; that is, they can't be described until the person experiences them. Nonetheless, patients need to be made aware, as part of the consent process, that they could experience a range of reactions to psychedelics.As an example, Smith noted that many people who have used psychedelics describe the process as a spiritual experience, which for some may be a good thing. For some people, however, such a shift can result in feelings of discomfort, particularly if such feelings are unexpected, he said. Smith also advised that clinicians should always temper expectations about the psychedelic process. \"Even if patients think they know what they are getting into, tell them it will probably be different.\"After discussing the potential risks of a good \"trip\" with patients, clinicians also need to stress the rare possibility of the bad \"trip,\" Smith noted. Though post-psychedelic anxiety is usually transient, Smith cited a survey of recreational psychedelic users in which about 40% said a bad trip was one of the most challenging experiences of their lives. Other uncommon but important risks are emergent psychosis and re-exposure to old traumas.Finally, Nayak discussed the contentious issue of touching a patient during psychedelic-assisted therapy. Although a patient may exhibit significant trauma, fear, and/or anxiety when using psychedelics, he cautioned that \"there are very strong reasons why touching is not a part of traditional psychiatric therapy.\"He added that there may be situations during which a touch can help patients, but Nayak said it's important to have a consent discussion beforehand to provide clear standards.\"Tell patients you may grab their hand or gently touch their shoulder, but that it will absolutely not go beyond that,\" he said. \"Therapeutic touching is a boundary crossing; we need to ensure that it doesn't turn into a boundary violation.\" ■Resources\"Survey Study of Challenging Experiences After Ingesting Psilocybin Mushrooms: Acute and Enduring Positive and Negative Consequences\" ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2023-06-27", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.46", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.46", "keywords": "Session (web analytics), Informed consent, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Medicine, Medical education, Alternative medicine, Computer science, Pathology, World Wide Web, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4382360046\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4382360046\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090176075\",\"display_name\":\"Nick Zagorski\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.07.7.46\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Spirituality,Observational Study,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4382360046" }, { "id": 1395, "title": "Psilocybin: The most effective moral bio-enhancer?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin the most effective moral bio enhancer", "authors": "Vojin Rakić", "abstract": "This paper addresses the possible effects of psychedelic drugs, notably psilocybin, on moral bio-enhancement (MBE). It will be argued that non-psychedelic substances, such as oxytocin, serotonin/serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or vasopressin, have indirect effects on M(B)E, whereas psilocybin has direct effects. Additionally, morality and happiness have been shown to operate in a circularly supportive relationship. It will be argued that psilocybin also has more direct effects on the augmentation of human happiness than non-psychedelic substances. Hence, psilocybin multiplies its effects on morality and on moral enhancement (as well as on happiness) if compared with non-psychedelic substances. Still, caution is advised if psilocybin is being used, and the correct dosage should be prescribed by an appropriate physician. Furthermore, the use of psilocybin has additional effects on moral enhancement and happiness if combined with meditation, preferably under the guidance of an experienced meditation specialist.", "journal": "Bioethics", "publication_date": "2023-06-27", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1111/bioe.13196", "pubmed_id": "37376901", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13196", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Happiness, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Meditation, Psychotherapist, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Philosophy, Theology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4382345166\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4382345166\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W110752286\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968619055\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984030600\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992432903\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994158001\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996622763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016024809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041613788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106700140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118796430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167789289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124472081\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233054149\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388365200\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034787708\",\"display_name\":\"Vojin Rakić\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2969-6967\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S31551615\",\"source_display_name\":\"Bioethics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13196\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4382345166" }, { "id": 1460, "title": "Changes in synaptic markers after administration of ketamine or psychedelics: a systematic scoping review", "normalized_title": "changes in synaptic markers after administration of ketamine or psychedelics a systematic scoping review", "authors": "Simon Zhornitsky, Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva, Laura A. Jayne, AZA Stephen Allsop, Alfred P. Kaye, Marc N. Potenza, Gustavo A. Angarita", "abstract": "Background: Ketamine and psychedelics have abuse liability. They can also induce \"transformative experiences\" where individuals experience enhanced states of awareness. This enhanced awareness can lead to changes in preexisting behavioral patterns which could be beneficial in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that ketamine and psychedelics may alter markers associated with synaptic density, and that these changes may underlie effects such as sensitization, conditioned place preference, drug self-administration, and verbal memory performance. In this scoping review, we examined studies that measured synaptic markers in animals and humans after exposure to ketamine and/or psychedelics. Methods: studies were included. Studies on the following synaptic markers were included: dendritic structural changes, PSD-95, synapsin-1, synaptophysin-1, synaptotagmin-1, and SV2A. Results: Eighty-four studies were included in the final analyses. Seventy-one studies examined synaptic markers following ketamine treatment, nine examined psychedelics, and four examined both. Psychedelics included psilocybin/psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and ibogaine/noribogaine. Mixed findings regarding synaptic changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been reported when ketamine was administered in a single dose under basal conditions. Similar mixed findings were seen under basal conditions in studies that used repeated administration of ketamine. However, studies that examined animals during stressful conditions found that a single dose of ketamine counteracted stress-related reductions in synaptic markers in the hippocampus and PFC. Repeated administration of ketamine also counteracted stress effects in the hippocampus. Psychedelics generally increased synaptic markers, but results were more consistently positive for certain agents. Conclusion: Ketamine and psychedelics can increase synaptic markers under certain conditions. Heterogeneous findings may relate to methodological differences, agents administered (or different formulations of the same agent), sex, and type of markers. Future studies could address seemingly mixed results by using meta-analytical approaches or study designs that more fully consider individual differences.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-06-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1197890", "pubmed_id": "37435405", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1197890", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ketamine, Hippocampus, Neuroscience, Synaptic plasticity, Hallucinogen, Synapsin I, Psychology, MDMA, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Synaptic vesicle, Internal medicine, Biology, Receptor, Membrane, Genetics, Vesicle, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Treatment of Major Depression, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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Zhornitsky\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-7062\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019284911\",\"display_name\":\"Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9833\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021970887\",\"display_name\":\"Laura A. Jayne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3287-3074\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076792421\",\"display_name\":\"AZA Stephen Allsop\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0438-3163\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008798564\",\"display_name\":\"Alfred P. Kaye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-1221\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067499997\",\"display_name\":\"Marc N. Potenza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-1354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008253709\",\"display_name\":\"Gustavo A. Angarita\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5568-9878\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1197890\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity,Abuse Liability", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4382141215" }, { "id": 1418, "title": "Molecular mechanisms of rapid-acting antidepressants: New perspectives for developing antidepressants.", "normalized_title": "molecular mechanisms of rapid acting antidepressants new perspectives for developing antidepressants", "authors": "Chen T, Cheng L, Ma J, Yuan J, Pi C, Xiong L, Chen J, Liu H, Tang J, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zuo Y, Shen H, Wei Y, Zhao L.", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic relapsing psychiatric disorder. Conventional antidepressants usually require several weeks of continuous administration to exert clinically significant therapeutic effects, while about two-thirds of the patients are prone to relapse of symptoms or are completely ineffective in antidepressant treatment. The recent success of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant has propelled extensive research on the action mechanism of antidepressants, especially in relation to its role in synaptic targets. Studies have revealed that the mechanism of antidepressant action of ketamine is not limited to antagonism of postsynaptic NMDA receptors or GABA interneurons. Ketamine produces powerful and rapid antidepressant effects by affecting α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors, adenosine A1 receptors, and the L-type calcium channels, among others in the synapse. More interestingly, the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin has demonstrated potential for rapid antidepressant effects in depressed mouse models and clinical studies. This article focuses on a review of new pharmacological target studies of emerging rapid-acting antidepressant drugs such as ketamine and hallucinogens (e.g., psilocybin) and briefly discusses the possible strategies for new targets of antidepressants, with a view to shed light on the direction of future antidepressant research.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-06-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106837", "pubmed_id": "37379962", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106837", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Ketamine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Antidepressive Agents, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37379962\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1462, "title": "Underlying pharmacological mechanisms of psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection of EEG in rats", "normalized_title": "underlying pharmacological mechanisms of psilocin induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection of eeg in rats", "authors": "Filip Tylš, Čestmír Vejmola, Vlastimil Koudelka, Václava Piorecká, L. Kadeřábek, Marcel Bochin, Tomáš Novák, Martin Kuchař, Zdeňka Bendová, Martin Brunovský, Jiřı́ Horáček, Tomáš Pálení ček", "abstract": "Introduction Psilocybin is one of the most extensively studied psychedelic drugs with a broad therapeutic potential. Despite the fact that its psychoactivity is mainly attributed to the agonism at 5-HT2A receptors, it has high binding affinity also to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors and indirectly modulates the dopaminergic system. Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin, as well as other serotonergic psychedelics, induce broadband desynchronization and disconnection in EEG in humans as well as in animals. The contribution of serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms underlying these changes is not clear. The present study thus aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection in an animal model. Methods Selective antagonists of serotonin receptors (5-HT1A WAY100635, 5-HT2A MDL100907, 5-HT2C SB242084) and antipsychotics haloperidol, a D2 antagonist, and clozapine, a mixed D2 and 5-HT receptor antagonist, were used in order to clarify the underlying pharmacology. Results Psilocin-induced broadband decrease in the mean absolute EEG power was normalized by all antagonists and antipsychotics used within the frequency range 1-25 Hz; however, decreases in 25-40 Hz were influenced only by clozapine. Psilocin-induced decrease in global functional connectivity and, specifically, fronto-temporal disconnection were reversed by the 5-HT2A antagonist while other drugs had no effect. Discussion These findings suggest the involvement of all three serotonergic receptors studied as well as the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in power spectra/current density with only the 5-HT2A receptor being effective in both studied metrics. This opens an important discussion on the role of other than 5-HT2A -dependent mechanisms underlying the neurobiology of psychedelics.", "journal": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2023-06-21", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2023.1152578", "pubmed_id": "37425017", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1152578", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Dopaminergic, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, 5-HT receptor, Antagonist, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychology, Chemistry, Dopamine, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009033234\",\"display_name\":\"Čestmír Vejmola\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-5978\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070851256\",\"display_name\":\"Vlastimil Koudelka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-7529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006025238\",\"display_name\":\"Václava Piorecká\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-0660\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074167242\",\"display_name\":\"L. Kadeřábek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026946211\",\"display_name\":\"Marcel Bochin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-5129\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080595856\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Novák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-9654\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056634256\",\"display_name\":\"Zdeňka Bendová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-2143\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092248783\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Pálení ček\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S115201632\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1152578\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4381804317" }, { "id": 1396, "title": "Psilocybin intoxication did not affect daytime or sleep-related declarative memory consolidation in a small sample exploratory analysis", "normalized_title": "psilocybin intoxication did not affect daytime or sleep related declarative memory consolidation in a small sample exploratory analysis", "authors": "M. Nikolič, Vojtěch Viktorin, Peter Zach, Filip Tylš, Daniela Dudysová, Karolína Janků, Jana Kopřivová, Martin Kuchař, Martin Brunovský, Jiřı́ Horáček, Tomáš Páleníček", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-06-16", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.019", "pubmed_id": "37336163", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.019", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Memory consolidation, Psychology, Cognition, Audiology, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4381059735\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4381059735\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W26352624\",\"https://openalex.org/W1573265949\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966155655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979019425\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993327975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001012944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002344732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012748324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015729550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020844317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024758252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025028667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026493036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027731726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032712904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041800002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056343700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067791316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075201303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084193392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086756944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094384124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097201141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108619726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118988523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124712587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129566517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142465953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156373187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163016920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171697010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2521488607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529213874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2548380697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612768940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2640974754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782190599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792640809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793977798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795698014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2915618010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951107796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981387579\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012354707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022605741\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033581768\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107150606\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118672806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134650853\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192307046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3194325186\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247532959\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281613084\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283160987\",\"https://openalex.org/W6601070071\",\"https://openalex.org/W6645880347\",\"https://openalex.org/W6677507105\",\"https://openalex.org/W6759316991\",\"https://openalex.org/W6791565393\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010574775\",\"display_name\":\"M. Nikolič\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-7287\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091098247\",\"display_name\":\"Vojtěch Viktorin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-2244\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011424147\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Zach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061001300\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Dudysová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-7578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047643972\",\"display_name\":\"Karolína Janků\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-6967\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029095037\",\"display_name\":\"Jana Kopřivová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3626-5372\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.019\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4381059735" }, { "id": 4805, "title": "Psychedelics reopen the social reward learning critical period", "normalized_title": "psychedelics reopen the social reward learning critical period", "authors": "Romain Nardou, Edward J. Sawyer, Young Jun Song, M. F. Wilkinson, Yasmin Padovan-Hernandez, Júnia L. de Deus, Noelle Wright, Carine Lama, Sehr Faltin, Loyal A. Goff, Genevieve Stein-O’Brien, Gül Dölen", "abstract": "Abstract Psychedelics are a broad class of drugs defined by their ability to induce an altered state of consciousness 1,2. These drugs have been used for millennia in both spiritual and medicinal contexts, and a number of recent clinical successes have spurred a renewed interest in developing psychedelic therapies 3-9. Nevertheless, a unifying mechanism that can account for these shared phenomenological and therapeutic properties remains unknown. Here we demonstrate in mice that the ability to reopen the social reward learning critical period is a shared property across psychedelic drugs. Notably, the time course of critical period reopening is proportional to the duration of acute subjective effects reported in humans. Furthermore, the ability to reinstate social reward learning in adulthood is paralleled by metaplastic restoration of oxytocin-mediated long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, identification of differentially expressed genes in the ‘open state’ versus the ‘closed state’ provides evidence that reorganization of the extracellular matrix is a common downstream mechanism underlying psychedelic drug-mediated critical period reopening. Together these results have important implications for the implementation of psychedelics in clinical practice, as well as the design of novel compounds for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disease.", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "2023-06-13", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-023-06204-3", "pubmed_id": "37316665", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06204-3", "keywords": "Mechanism (biology), Period (music), Nucleus accumbens, Psychology, Psilocybin, Addiction, Disease, Consciousness, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Pathology, Physics, Epistemology, Philosophy, Acoustics, Central nervous system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:45", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4380684709\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":330,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1184321860\",\"https://openalex.org/W1584949562\",\"https://openalex.org/W1604504434\",\"https://openalex.org/W1913760354\",\"https://openalex.org/W1953082779\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964544761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981097208\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983204961\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983799144\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994271186\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999522127\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999595872\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015087988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016532705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048857049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084967673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089413793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099168883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116808683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147962956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148680181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492489237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516430890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587213236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589216136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605994583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607180956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2631673659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2739337936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760672146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799533278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802042678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804201092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898598946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900424974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2931582381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955918581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978908977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988289561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999679415\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035597364\",\"https://openalex.org/W3064508265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162130219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163835391\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175577244\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178213307\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198977157\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220790925\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280546985\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321033185\",\"https://openalex.org/W6610404993\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053291651\",\"display_name\":\"Romain Nardou\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010097341\",\"display_name\":\"Edward J. Sawyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-6311\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067675267\",\"display_name\":\"Young Jun Song\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-0349\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081221770\",\"display_name\":\"M. F. Wilkinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-7027\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046778183\",\"display_name\":\"Yasmin Padovan-Hernandez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-0385\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045736709\",\"display_name\":\"Júnia L. de Deus\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113169225\",\"display_name\":\"Noelle Wright\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-6074\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104274951\",\"display_name\":\"Carine Lama\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001341377\",\"display_name\":\"Sehr Faltin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048435659\",\"display_name\":\"Loyal A. Goff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2875-451X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069366529\",\"display_name\":\"Genevieve Stein-O’Brien\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-9110\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065185423\",\"display_name\":\"Gül Dölen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-995X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137773608\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06204-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Spirituality,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4380684709" }, { "id": 1468, "title": "No trip needed for psychedelics to lift mood?", "normalized_title": "no trip needed for psychedelics to lift mood", "authors": "O'Grady C.", "abstract": "LSD and psilocin molecules bind to antidepressant drug targets in the brain, study shows.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-06-07", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1126/science.adj1031", "pubmed_id": "37289868", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj1031", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Mice, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, trkB, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37289868\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379792537" }, { "id": 1443, "title": "Attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after SSRI/SNRI antidepressant use", "normalized_title": "attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after ssri snri antidepressant use", "authors": "Natalie Gukasyan, Roland R. Griffiths, David B. Yaden, Denis Antoine, Sandeep M. Nayak", "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data suggest that psilocybin’s effects may be diminished by serotonergic antidepressants acutely and even after a medication washout period. Aims: To learn the extent to which antidepressants may diminish the effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms both concurrently and after discontinuation of antidepressants. Methods: Online retrospective survey of individuals with use of psilocybin mushrooms (1) with an antidepressant and/or (2) within 2 years of discontinuing an antidepressant. Participants who took mushrooms with an antidepressant and either took the same dose pre-antidepressant or took the same dose with other people not on antidepressant reported the strength of drug effects relative to their expectation. Participants who took mushrooms following discontinuation of an antidepressant also reported the presence of weakened effects. Results: In reports ( n = 611) of taking mushrooms with an antidepressant, probabilities [95% CI] of weaker than expected drug effects were 0.47 [0.41-0.54] (selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs), 0.55 [0.44-0.67] (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs) and 0.29 [0.2-0.39] (bupropion). Following SSRI/SNRI discontinuation ( n = 1,542 reports), the probability of reduced drug effects was not significantly different from the earliest post-discontinuation timepoint (within 1 week) until 3-6 months, probability = 0.3 [0.20-0.46], p = 0.001. A sensitivity analysis found that removing responses involving fluoxetine, which has an especially long half-life, did not significantly alter this result. Conclusions: SSRI/SNRIs appear to weaken psilocybin drug effects relative to a non-serotonergic antidepressant. This dampening effect may last as long as 3 months following antidepressant discontinuation.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-06-07", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1177/02698811231179910", "pubmed_id": "37291890", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231179910", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Fluoxetine, Discontinuation, Bupropion, Reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonergic, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Sertraline, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Receptor, Pathology, Smoking cessation, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379967727\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":58,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1975365005\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976132069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039613541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045488830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071034105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152250921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919124707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969982843\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026560467\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160183306\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182695044\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193440797\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204219363\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205655574\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686515\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4353017554\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039486115\",\"display_name\":\"David B. Yaden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-6227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088527444\",\"display_name\":\"Denis Antoine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-0961\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040929530\",\"display_name\":\"Sandeep M. Nayak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-0639\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231179910\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379967727" }, { "id": 1329, "title": "Hallucinogen use among young adults ages 19-30 in the United States: Changes from 2018 to 2021", "normalized_title": "hallucinogen use among young adults ages 19 30 in the united states changes from 2018 to 2021", "authors": "Katherine M. Keyes, Megan E. Patrick", "abstract": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Given the shifting landscape of hallucinogen use, particularly with increased therapeutic use, understanding current changes in use is a necessary part of examining the potential risk hallucinogens pose to vulnerable populations, such as young adults. This study aimed to measure hallucinogen use among young adults aged 19-30 years from 2018 to 2021. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a longitudinal cohort study among young adults aged 19-30 years from the US general population, interviewed between 2018 and 2021. Participants comprised 11 304 unique respondents, with an average number of follow-ups of 1.46 (standard deviation = 0.50). Of the observed data points, 51.9% were among females. MEASUREMENTS: We examined past 12-month self-reported use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), as well as hallucinogens besides LSD (e.g. psilocybin), monitoring any use as well as frequency, overall and by sex. FINDINGS: From 2018 to 2021, past 12-month use of LSD among young adults in the US remained relatively unchanged, from 3.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.1-4.3] in 2018 to 4.2% in 2021 (95% CI = 3.4-5.0). Non-LSD hallucinogen [e.g. 'shrooms', psilocybin or PCP (phenylcyclohexyl piperidine)] use, however, increased in prevalence from 3.4% (95% CI = 2.8-4.1) to 6.6% from 2018 to 2021 (95% CI = 5.5-7.6). Across years, the odds of non-LSD use were higher for males [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.52-2.26] and lower for black than white participants (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.19-0.47) and those without a college-educated parent (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.64-0.99). Demographic disparities were similar for LSD use. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of past-year use non-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) hallucinogen was twice as high in 2021 as in 2018 among US young adults. Correlates of non-LSD hallucinogen use included being male, white and from higher socio-economic status backgrounds.", "journal": "Addiction", "publication_date": "2023-06-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1111/add.16259", "pubmed_id": "37287110", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16259", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Young adult, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Medicine, Cohort study, Psychology, Psychiatry, Gerontology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379769663\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379769663\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":42,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2009129706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2743294273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891256775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200375454\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220770542\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249139214\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292410066\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294796248\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307758883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4318668962\",\"https://openalex.org/W4361213071\",\"https://openalex.org/W6777425364\",\"https://openalex.org/W6788573803\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080186393\",\"display_name\":\"Katherine M. Keyes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-021X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016837501\",\"display_name\":\"Megan E. Patrick\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-4944\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S70513841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16259\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379769663" }, { "id": 3190, "title": "Cardioprotective Potential of the Ethanol and Water Extracts of Four Psilocybin Mushrooms on Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertrophy and Oxidative Stress on H9C2 Cardiomyocytes", "normalized_title": "cardioprotective potential of the ethanol and water extracts of four psilocybin mushrooms on angiotensin ii induced hypertrophy and oxidative stress on h9c2 cardiomyocytes", "authors": "Nkadimeng SM, Steinmann CM, Eloff JN.", "abstract": "Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms have antidepressant effect, however, their safety in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure is not fully known and needs to be investigated. Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. We investigated the cardiovascular safety of extracts of Panaeolus cyanescens, Psilocybe natalensis, Psilocybe cubensis, and Psilocybe cubensis leucistic A+ strain mushrooms, well-known psilocybin-containing mushrooms in the Panaeolus and Psilocybe genus on Ang II-induced hypertrophy oxidative stress. The four mushrooms were grown, dried and extracted with 70% ethanol, cold and hot water. Extracts were tested for cytotoxicity on H9C2 cardiomyoblast cells. The cardiomyocytes were induced with (10 µM) AngII and treated with the three extracts of the four mushrooms over 48 hours. Control cells were serum starved but neither AngII induced nor treated while AngII cells were serum starved and stimulated with AngII but not treated. Losartan, an inhibitor of AngII type 1 receptor was used as positive control. Effects of the extracts on actin-filament labelling and cell surface area, mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and atrial natriuretic peptide levels were determined. Stimulation with AngII lowered cell viability, increased the cell width measurements and intracellular ROS levels significantly compared to control cells. The results indicated that the ethanol and water extracts of the four psilocybin mushrooms did not exacerbate the angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy conditions, but the extracts had cardio-protective activity against angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts confirmed detections of known compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the water and ethanol extracts of these four psilocybin mushrooms.", "journal": "Preprints.org", "publication_date": "2023-06-05", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.20944/preprints202306.0362.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0362.v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR672264\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Preprints.org\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Mitochondrial Function,Oxidative Stress,Safety,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3153, "title": "Reduced brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli with escitalopram but not psilocybin therapy for depression", "normalized_title": "reduced brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli with escitalopram but not psilocybin therapy for depression", "authors": "Wall MB, Demetriou L, Giribaldi B, Roseman L, Ertl N, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy is an emerging intervention for depression that may be at least as effective as standard first-line treatments i.e., Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Here we assess neural responses to emotional faces (fear, happy, and neutral) using Blood Oxygen-Level Dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in two groups with major depressive disorder: 1) a ‘psilocybin group’ that received two dosing sessions with 25mg plus six weeks of daily placebo, and 2) an ‘escitalopram group’ that received six weeks of the SSRI escitalopram, plus two dosing sessions with an inactive/placebo dose of 1mg psilocybin. Both groups had an equal amount of psychological support throughout. An emotional face fMRI paradigm was completed at baseline (pre-treatment) and at the six-week post-treatment primary endpoint (three weeks following psilocybin dosing sessions). An analysis examining the interaction between patient group (psilocybin vs. escitalopram) and time-point (pre-vs. post-treatment) showed a robust effect in a distributed network of cortical brain regions. Follow-up analyses showed that post-treatment BOLD responses to emotional faces of all types were significantly reduced in the escitalopram group, with no change, or even a slight increase, in the psilocybin group. Specific analyses of the amygdala showed a reduction of response to fear faces in the escitalopram group, but no effects for the psilocybin group. Despite large improvements in depressive symptoms in the psilocybin group, psilocybin-therapy had only a minor effect on brain responsiveness to emotional stimuli. We suggest that reduced emotional responsiveness may be a biomarker of SSRIs’ antidepressant action that is not shared by psilocybin-therapy.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-06-02", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.05.29.23290667", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.29.23290667", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR670172\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4808, "title": "Psilocybin therapy: A novel approach to treating depression", "normalized_title": "psilocybin therapy a novel approach to treating depression", "authors": "Tooba Noor, Areej Shakil, Aimen Waqar Khan, Syeda Mahrukh Fatima Zaidi, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala", "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge in depression cases, a pervasive and debilitating mental illness1. This trend is evident in the increased prescriptions for antidepressants. Depression is a chronic condition that affects a significant proportion of the global population, with ~280 million people, or about 3.8%, suffering from it. As a result, it is a significant mental health concern worldwide2. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom recommends medication as the primary treatment for individuals with moderate to severe depression. However, it has limitations and may yield unsatisfactory outcomes. Conversely, research suggests that psychological interventions, social support, and exercise are significant factors in addressing depression3. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), which refers to the failure to achieve remission after multiple attempts of first-line antidepressants, is a significant limitation of pharmacotherapy. The Sequenced Therapy Alternatives to Relieve Depression experiment has demonstrated the challenge of treating TRD4. Approximately 30% of individuals receiving treatment for a severe episode of depression experience TRD, which is associated with more severe illness, increased risk of recurrence, prolonged functional impairments, medical comorbidities, and higher rates of suicidal ideation and nonsuicidal deaths5. Depression is one of the primary causes of suicide, with over 700,000 reported deaths from suicide annually. Reports from clinical experience and data from placebo-controlled trials indicate that suicidal thoughts and behaviors may increase during the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment in young adults and adolescents2. Moreover, conventional antidepressants pose challenges such as a delayed onset of action that can take up to 4 weeks or more to manifest, as well as common side effects including sexual dysfunction, loss of libido, headaches, gastrointestinal problems, anxiety, and agitation. Discontinuation of these medications and high rates of relapse are also concerns6. Hence, there is a need to review current treatment approaches and incorporate novel, fast-acting therapies that result in sustained remission. Neuroimaging research has revealed that depression is characterized by abnormal brain functioning, particularly in the default mode network, which is associated with self-awareness and tends to be overactive in depression. Other higher-order brain networks, such as the executive network and salience network, have also been linked to depression. Interestingly, the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor subtype, which is the primary binding site for traditional serotonergic psychedelic drugs like psilocybin, is highly expressed in a cortical region that closely resembles a conjunction map of the default mode network, executive network, and salience network1. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring indoleamine found in mushrooms, which rapidly breaks down in living tissue to form psilocin, the hallucinogenic component that produces psychedelic effects similar to serotonin7. In 1957, Wasson first proposed that serotonergic hallucinogens could be used to treat depression, but research on their therapeutic potential was suspended due to societal and political issues. However, in recent years, with multiple successful studies and advances in neurobiology, research on the potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin for depression has been revived8. Over the past 15 years, at least 6 clinical trials have documented significant reductions in depression symptoms with psilocybin therapy9. One of these trials was an open-label study in TRD with pretreatment and post-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging, which showed a reduction in brain modularity linked to improvements in depressed symptomatology10. Notably, escitalopram, a common SSRI antidepressant, did not cause any changes in modularity, suggesting that this antidepressant activity may be unique to psilocybin therapy11. Psilocybin also induces an altered consciousness or hallucinogenic experience, which is thought to play a crucial role in its therapeutic effects for depression. The psychedelic experience is believed to promote introspection, emotional processing, and insights into one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, leading to increased self-awareness, changes in perception, and shifts in perspective that can result in meaningful and long-lasting changes in mood and behavior12. Psilocybin therapy for depression typically involves a structured and supervised approach, with a trained therapist providing support and guidance throughout the experience. The therapy session may also include preparatory and integrative elements to optimize the therapeutic outcome. Recent clinical trials have shown promising results, with rapid reductions in depressive symptoms observed after just 1 or 2 sessions of psilocybin-assisted therapy and sustained treatment response rates that persist for several weeks or even months after treatment13. One of the unique aspects of psilocybin therapy is its potential for a rapid onset of action, with many patients reporting improvements in mood and well-being within hours or days after a single session. This is in stark contrast to traditional antidepressant medications, which typically take weeks or even months to show significant effects. The rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of psilocybin therapy may be particularly beneficial for individuals with severe depression or TRD, who may not respond adequately to conventional treatments14. Furthermore, psilocybin therapy has been reported to be well-tolerated, with a low risk of addiction and minimal withdrawal symptoms. Unlike some traditional antidepressants, which can cause side effects such as sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and anxiety, psilocybin therapy is generally considered to be safe and well-tolerated when administered in controlled settings by trained professionals15. Despite the promising results, it is important to note that psilocybin therapy is not without risks. The psychedelic experience induced by psilocybin can be intense and overwhelming and may not be suitable for everyone. It may also cause transient psychological distress, such as anxiety, fear, or confusion during the session. Therefore, it requires careful screening, preparation, and integration to ensure safe and optimal outcomes. In addition, the long-term effects of repeated psilocybin therapy are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand its safety and potential risks16. In conclusion, psilocybin therapy has shown promising results as a novel and potentially effective treatment for depression, particularly for individuals with TRD or those who do not respond adequately to traditional antidepressant medications. The rapid onset of action, sustained treatment response rates, and unique psychological effects of psilocybin therapy make it a compelling option for further research and exploration in the field of mental health. However, it is important to approach psilocybin therapy with caution, ensuring proper screening, preparation, and integration, and further research is needed to fully understand its safety, optimal dosages, and long-term effects. Psilocybin therapy may represent a paradigm shift in the treatment of depression, but it should only be administered in controlled settings by trained professionals as part of an integrated treatment approach. Ethical approval Not applicable. Sources of funding None. Author contribution The conceptualization was done by TN and BSR. The literature and drafting of the manuscript were conducted by TN, AS, AWK, SMFZ and HSR. The editing and supervision were performed by BSR. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of interest disclosures The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) Not applicable. Guarantor All authors take responsibility for the work, access to data and decision to publish.", "journal": "International Journal of Surgery Global Health", "publication_date": "2023-06-01", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1097/gh9.0000000000000175", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000175", "keywords": "Depression (economics), Psychiatry, Suicidal ideation, Medicine, Mental health, Antidepressant, Treatment-resistant depression, Medical prescription, Pharmacotherapy, Population, Psychological intervention, Suicide prevention, Poison control, Anxiety, Emergency medicine, Pharmacology, Environmental health, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379142909\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379142909\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784340661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990102866\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036992158\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3216164364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297478109\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311908682\",\"https://openalex.org/W6745059603\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027735343\",\"display_name\":\"Tooba Noor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-3014\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108922183\",\"display_name\":\"Areej Shakil\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013027499\",\"display_name\":\"Aimen Waqar Khan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-8328\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086504723\",\"display_name\":\"Syeda Mahrukh Fatima Zaidi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080006814\",\"display_name\":\"Hussain Sohail Rangwala\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2167-3481\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036522565\",\"display_name\":\"Burhanuddin Sohail Rangwala\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5812-9049\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210188486\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Surgery Global Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000175\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Headache / Migraine,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Adolescents,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379142909" }, { "id": 1444, "title": "Psilocybin prevents reinstatement of alcohol seeking by disrupting the reconsolidation of alcohol-related memories", "normalized_title": "psilocybin prevents reinstatement of alcohol seeking by disrupting the reconsolidation of alcohol related memories", "authors": "Federica Benvenuti, Daniele Colombo, Laura Soverchia, Nazzareno Cannella, Esi Domi, Roberto Ciccocioppo", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-06-01", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-023-06384-w", "pubmed_id": "37266686", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06384-w", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Alcohol, Abstinence, Alcohol use disorder, Psychology, Memory consolidation, Psychiatry, Craving, Hallucinogen, Drug, Pharmacology, Medicine, Addiction, Neuroscience, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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Benvenuti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-8052\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101526480\",\"display_name\":\"Daniele Colombo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053747425\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Soverchia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025694970\",\"display_name\":\"Nazzareno Cannella\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-8679\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050675940\",\"display_name\":\"Esi Domi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-4814\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066708131\",\"display_name\":\"Roberto Ciccocioppo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-9240\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06384-w\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379094891" }, { "id": 1295, "title": "Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression", "normalized_title": "personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v escitalopram treatment for depression", "authors": "Brandon Weiss, Induni Ginige, Lu Shannon, Bruna Giribaldi, Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner, Roberta Murphy, Michelle Baker-Jones, Jonny Martell, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris, David Erritzøe", "abstract": "Abstract Background Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe the nature of PT's therapeutic action. Methods In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, active comparator controlled trial involving patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we compared psilocybin with escitalopram, over a core 6-week trial period. Five-Factor model personality domains, Big Five Aspect Scale Openness aspects, Absorption, and Impulsivity were measured at Baseline, Week 6, and Month 6 follow-up. Results PT was associated with decreases in neuroticism ( B = −0.63), introversion ( B = −0.38), disagreeableness ( B = −0.47), impulsivity ( B = −0.40), and increases in absorption ( B = 0.32), conscientiousness ( B = 0.30), and openness ( B = 0.23) at week 6, with neuroticism ( B = −0.47) and disagreeableness ( B = −0.41) remaining decreased at month 6. Escitalopram Treatment (ET) was associated with decreases in neuroticism ( B = −0.38), disagreeableness ( B = −0.26), impulsivity ( B = −0.35), and increases in openness ( B = 0.28) at week 6, with neuroticism ( B = −0.46) remaining decreased at month 6. No significant between-condition differences were observed. Conclusions Personality changes across both conditions were in a direction consistent with improved mental health. With the possible exception of trait absorption, there were no compelling between-condition differences warranting conclusions regarding a selective action of PT ( v. ET) on personality; however, post-ET changes in personality were significantly moderated by pre-trial positive expectancy for escitalopram, whereas expectancy did not moderate response to PT.", "journal": "Psychological Medicine", "publication_date": "2023-06-01", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1017/s0033291723001514", "pubmed_id": "37264814", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001514", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Neuroticism, Psychology, Impulsivity, Personality, Psychiatry, Big Five personality traits, Psychoticism, Clinical psychology, Extraversion and introversion, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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W4327895864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362452269\",\"https://openalex.org/W4367053025\",\"https://openalex.org/W6602840635\",\"https://openalex.org/W6604362506\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682805512\",\"https://openalex.org/W6720885068\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015600817\",\"display_name\":\"Brandon Weiss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-2981\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092070827\",\"display_name\":\"Induni Ginige\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104123769\",\"display_name\":\"Lu Shannon\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020659258\",\"display_name\":\"Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111666675\",\"display_name\":\"Roberta Murphy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055877835\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle Baker-Jones\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036560266\",\"display_name\":\"Jonny Martell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S71144982\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychological Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001514\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379093876" }, { "id": 1471, "title": "Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB", "normalized_title": "psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to bdnf receptor trkb", "authors": "Rafael Moliner, Mykhailo Girych, Cecilia A. Brunello, Vera Kovaleva, Caroline Biojone, Giray Enkavi, Lina Antenucci, Erik F. Kot, Sergey A. Goncharuk, Katja Kaurinkoski, Mirjami Kuutti, Senem Merve Fred, Lauri Elsilä, Sven Sakson, Cecilia Cannarozzo, Cassiano R.A.F. Diniz, Nina Seiffert, Anna Rubiolo, Hele Haapaniemi, Elsa Meshi, Elina Nagaeva, Tiina Öhman, Tomasz Róg, Esko Kankuri, Marçal Vilar, Markku Varjosalo, Esa R. Korpi, Perttu Permi, Константин С. Минеев, Märt Saarma, Ilpo Vattulainen, Plínio Casarotto, Eero Ċastrén", "abstract": "Abstract Psychedelics produce fast and persistent antidepressant effects and induce neuroplasticity resembling the effects of clinically approved antidepressants. We recently reported that pharmacologically diverse antidepressants, including fluoxetine and ketamine, act by binding to TrkB, the receptor for BDNF. Here we show that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocin directly bind to TrkB with affinities 1,000-fold higher than those for other antidepressants, and that psychedelics and antidepressants bind to distinct but partially overlapping sites within the transmembrane domain of TrkB dimers. The effects of psychedelics on neurotrophic signaling, plasticity and antidepressant-like behavior in mice depend on TrkB binding and promotion of endogenous BDNF signaling but are independent of serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A ) activation, whereas LSD-induced head twitching is dependent on 5-HT2A and independent of TrkB binding. Our data confirm TrkB as a common primary target for antidepressants and suggest that high-affinity TrkB positive allosteric modulators lacking 5-HT2A activity may retain the antidepressant potential of psychedelics without hallucinogenic effects.", "journal": "Nature Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2023-05-31", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41593-023-01316-5", "pubmed_id": "37280397", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01316-5", "keywords": "Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, Neuroscience, Neuroplasticity, Psychology, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Receptor, Neurotrophic factors, Biology, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379469019\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":434,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W190397328\",\"https://openalex.org/W1031578623\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966100684\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976138207\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976499671\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979344173\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983706324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985237413\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985803560\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995152253\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997772366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010030578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011207394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011301426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024625433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029667189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036321220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036499082\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051423370\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053510865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063645546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064468814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066414494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070375075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073574973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074473216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074827827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080579546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080752012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082359973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087004882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090429702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091864211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094879588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097168654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109309568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115896565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120981694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135364335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139004599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140151763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146103350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154127252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164591831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2179182088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346390990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409917335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2493838264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2514378822\",\"https://openalex.org/W2564298127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594133960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607000919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612598385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746399355\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766043875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769155717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904249398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947265856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951374929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2960262952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2967946137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981874813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2993129623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995381580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003257820\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3064508265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3103145119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132500005\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196573181\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201944548\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224861883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229061392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281397183\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293731117\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319293638\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389858032\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069928870\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael Moliner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-0460\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077589131\",\"display_name\":\"Mykhailo Girych\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-518X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027936174\",\"display_name\":\"Cecilia A. Brunello\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-8965\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023647654\",\"display_name\":\"Vera Kovaleva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-0480\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034630796\",\"display_name\":\"Caroline Biojone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9674-4930\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044289660\",\"display_name\":\"Giray Enkavi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-8649\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043384994\",\"display_name\":\"Lina Antenucci\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1201-9342\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070972967\",\"display_name\":\"Erik F. Kot\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4163-8273\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073038575\",\"display_name\":\"Sergey A. Goncharuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-6462\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079664478\",\"display_name\":\"Katja Kaurinkoski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-8448\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092093447\",\"display_name\":\"Mirjami Kuutti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-5396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068068737\",\"display_name\":\"Senem Merve Fred\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-5014\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071907355\",\"display_name\":\"Lauri Elsilä\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9744-4753\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072802182\",\"display_name\":\"Sven Sakson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1138-5933\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074415210\",\"display_name\":\"Cecilia Cannarozzo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-3619\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073593635\",\"display_name\":\"Cassiano R.A.F. Diniz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-4831\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065136446\",\"display_name\":\"Nina Seiffert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4598\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011868161\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Rubiolo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-3676\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020427205\",\"display_name\":\"Hele Haapaniemi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092093448\",\"display_name\":\"Elsa Meshi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005180760\",\"display_name\":\"Elina Nagaeva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-6234\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073258092\",\"display_name\":\"Tiina Öhman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-8873\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029212835\",\"display_name\":\"Tomasz Róg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-7013\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082077763\",\"display_name\":\"Esko Kankuri\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-8773\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074106728\",\"display_name\":\"Marçal Vilar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9376-6544\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088559880\",\"display_name\":\"Markku Varjosalo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-9732\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014779572\",\"display_name\":\"Esa R. Korpi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-4009\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060554313\",\"display_name\":\"Perttu Permi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-1138\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081800292\",\"display_name\":\"Константин С. Минеев\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-9421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026170248\",\"display_name\":\"Märt Saarma\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-7160\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082983574\",\"display_name\":\"Ilpo Vattulainen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-3214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052718703\",\"display_name\":\"Plínio Casarotto\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-4631\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019744869\",\"display_name\":\"Eero Ċastrén\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-2791\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2298632\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01316-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379469019" }, { "id": 1186, "title": "Evidence versus expectancy: the development of psilocybin therapy", "normalized_title": "evidence versus expectancy the development of psilocybin therapy", "authors": "James Rucker", "abstract": "SUMMARY: Although the development of psilocybin therapy has come as a surprise to many, modern research with the drug has been ongoing for 25 years. Psilocybin therapy is composed of psilocybin dosing sessions embedded within a wider process of psychoeducation, psychological support and integration. Early phase clinical trial evidence is promising, particularly for treatment-resistant depression. However, masking probably fails and expectancy effects may be a part of the mechanism of change. Disambiguating between drug and expectancy effects is a necessary part of the development process, yet this is difficult if masking fails. Hitherto, masking and expectancy have not been routinely measured in psilocybin or other medication trials. Doing so represents an opportunity for research and may influence psychiatry more widely. In this opinion piece I summarise the clinical development process of psilocybin therapy thus far, discussing the hope, the hype, the challenges and the opportunities along the way.", "journal": "BJPsych Bulletin", "publication_date": "2023-05-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1192/bjb.2023.28", "pubmed_id": "37246405", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2023.28", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Expectancy theory, Psychology, Masking (illustration), Clinical trial, Psychoeducation, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Social psychology, Psychological intervention, Pathology, Art, Visual arts, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4378640469\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4378640469\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122505910\",\"https://openalex.org/W373492448\",\"https://openalex.org/W1787454655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981765460\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022528197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070735132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071735605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413044490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804532410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895737053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025954068\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038388367\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116377810\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154999065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215511316\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226060882\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281793365\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283754131\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285091545\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293801859\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313200379\",\"https://openalex.org/W6715497939\",\"https://openalex.org/W6782922158\",\"https://openalex.org/W6810782383\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764642026\",\"source_display_name\":\"BJPsych Bulletin\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2023.28\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4378640469" }, { "id": 3219, "title": "Bridging the translational neuroscience gap: Development of the ‘shiftability’ paradigm and an exemplar protocol to capture psilocybin-elicited ‘shift’ in neurobiological mechanisms in autism", "normalized_title": "bridging the translational neuroscience gap development of the shiftability paradigm and an exemplar protocol to capture psilocybin elicited shift in neurobiological mechanisms in autism", "authors": "Whelan TP, Daly E, Puts NA, Malievskaia E, Murphy DG, McAlonan GM.", "abstract": "Clinical trials of pharmacological approaches targeting the core features of autism have failed. This is despite evidence from preclinical studies, genetics, post-mortem studies and correlational analyses linking peripheral and central markers of multiple candidate neurochemical systems to brain function in autism. Whilst this has in part been explained by the heterogeneity of the autistic population, the field has largely relied upon association studies to link brain chemistry to function. The only way to directly establish that a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator is involved in a candidate brain function is to change it and observe a shift in that function. This experimental approach dominates preclinical neuroscience, but not human studies. There is very little direct experimental evidence describing how neurochemical systems modulate information processing in the living human brain. As a result, our understanding of how neurochemical differences contribute to neurodiversity is limited and impedes our ability to translate findings from animal studies into humans. Here, we begin by introducing our “shiftability” paradigm, an approach to bridge the translational gap in autism research. We then provide an overview of the methodologies used and explain our most recent choice of psilocybin as a pharmacological probe of the serotonin system in vivo. Finally, we provide a summary of the protocol for ‘PSILAUT’, an exemplar “shiftability” study which uses psilocybin to directly test the hypothesis that the serotonin system functions differently in autistic and non-autistic adults.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-05-25", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.05.25.23290521", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.25.23290521", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR666702\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1367, "title": "Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants", "normalized_title": "comparative acute effects of mescaline lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a randomized double blind placebo controlled cross over study in healthy participants", "authors": "Laura Ley, Friederike Holze, Denis Arikci, A. Becker, Isabelle Straumann, Aaron Klaiber, Fabio Coviello, Sophie Dierbach, Jan Thomann, Urs Duthaler, Dino Luethi, Nimmy Varghese, Anne Eckert, Matthias E. Liechti", "abstract": "Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin are classic serotonergic psychedelics. A valid, direct comparison of the effects of these substances is lacking. The main goal of the present study was to investigate potential pharmacological, physiological and phenomenological differences at psychoactive-equivalent doses of mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin. The present study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design to compare the acute subjective effects, autonomic effects, and pharmacokinetics of typically used, moderate to high doses of mescaline (300 and 500 mg), LSD (100 µg), and psilocybin (20 mg) in 32 healthy participants. A mescaline dose of 300 mg was used in the first 16 participants and 500 mg was used in the subsequent 16 participants. Acute subjective effects of 500 mg mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin were comparable across various psychometric scales. Autonomic effects of 500 mg mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin were moderate, with psilocybin causing a higher increase in diastolic blood pressure compared with LSD, and LSD showing a trend toward an increase in heart rate compared with psilocybin. The tolerability of mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin was comparable, with mescaline at both doses inducing slightly more subacute adverse effects (12-24 h) than LSD and psilocybin. Clear distinctions were seen in the duration of action between the three substances. Mescaline had the longest effect duration (mean: 11.1 h), followed by LSD (mean: 8.2 h), and psilocybin (mean: 4.9 h). Plasma elimination half-lives of mescaline and LSD were similar (approximately 3.5 h). The longer effect duration of mescaline compared with LSD was due to the longer time to reach maximal plasma concentrations and related peak effects. Mescaline and LSD, but not psilocybin, enhanced circulating oxytocin. None of the substances altered plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations. In conclusion, the present study found no evidence of qualitative differences in altered states of consciousness that were induced by equally strong doses of mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin. The results indicate that any differences in the pharmacological profiles of mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin do not translate into relevant differences in the subjective experience. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04227756.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-05-24", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-023-01607-2", "pubmed_id": "37231080", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01607-2", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mescaline, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Placebo, Pharmacology, Psychology, Serotonin, Medicine, Internal medicine, Alternative medicine, Receptor, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4378174725\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":126,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986543617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013576699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017358382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056232804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059908347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061607209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080691425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100819236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160167761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2488739807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805248302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895828174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923436703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124059976\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159875688\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180562559\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200757480\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200846882\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289316208\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294631080\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308372082\",\"https://openalex.org/W4313530670\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654893894\",\"https://openalex.org/W6677542415\",\"https://openalex.org/W6777425364\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102828957\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Ley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9881-4693\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028081191\",\"display_name\":\"Friederike Holze\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-1519\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092014901\",\"display_name\":\"Denis Arikci\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012996786\",\"display_name\":\"A. Becker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-7945\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069070940\",\"display_name\":\"Isabelle Straumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2952-586X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021170956\",\"display_name\":\"Aaron Klaiber\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5199-7004\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092014902\",\"display_name\":\"Fabio Coviello\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-1631\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092014903\",\"display_name\":\"Sophie Dierbach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063838454\",\"display_name\":\"Jan Thomann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-2671\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024133720\",\"display_name\":\"Urs Duthaler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-3932\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034015135\",\"display_name\":\"Dino Luethi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-4875\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018641310\",\"display_name\":\"Nimmy Varghese\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-0535\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052160307\",\"display_name\":\"Anne Eckert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-3669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01607-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4378174725" }, { "id": 1480, "title": "Acute psilocybin increased cortical activities in rats", "normalized_title": "acute psilocybin increased cortical activities in rats", "authors": "Junhong Liu, Yuanyuan Wang, Ke Xia, Jinfeng Wu, Danhao Zheng, Aoling Cai, Haitao Yan, Ruibin Su", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogenic component of magic mushrooms, has significant psychoactive effects in both humans and rodents. But the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a useful tool in many preclinical and clinical trials to investigate psilocybin-induced changes of brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) due to its noninvasive nature and widespread availability. However, fMRI effects of psilocybin on rats have not been carefully investigated. This study aimed to explore how psilocybin affects resting-state brain activity and FC, through a combination of BOLD fMRI and immunofluorescence (IF) of EGR1, an immediate early gene (IEG) closely related to depressive symptoms. Ten minutes after psilocybin hydrochloride injection (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), positive brain activities were observed in the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex (including the cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex), hippocampus, and striatum. And a region-of-interest (ROI) -wise FC analysis matrix suggested increased interconnectivity of several regions, such as the cingulate cortex, dorsal striatum, prelimbic, and limbic regions. Further seed-based analyses revealed increased FC of cingulate cortex within the cortical and striatal areas. Consistently, acute psilocybin increased the EGR1 level throughout the brain, indicating a consistent activation thought the cortical and striatal areas. In conclusion, the psilocybin-induced hyperactive state of rats is congruent to that of humans, and may be responsible for its pharmacological effects.", "journal": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2023-05-22", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2023.1168911", "pubmed_id": "37287797", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1168911", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Retrosplenial cortex, Infralimbic cortex, Cingulate cortex, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Posterior cingulate, Cortex (anatomy), Anterior cingulate cortex, Striatum, Prefrontal cortex, Central nervous system, Cognition, Dopamine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4378084778\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4378084778\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W249845531\",\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1218133796\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607671357\",\"https://openalex.org/W1691941589\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970108241\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974316717\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976431827\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979600308\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986624071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011889986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020778578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024875626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025204726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032386770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035462451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039169438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050297923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061494834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064153375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072522618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075556735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079818797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080962980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081534285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083207963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093593858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097983973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2224527671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2234472934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407151076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595255406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623311414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767241173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886680918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887016981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914710263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924763228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994882463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3017727512\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093454394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162476260\",\"https://openalex.org/W3187804795\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"https://openalex.org/W6713506532\",\"https://openalex.org/W7033452965\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000835247\",\"display_name\":\"Junhong Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-7601\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100423153\",\"display_name\":\"Yuanyuan Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-1654\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005099065\",\"display_name\":\"Ke Xia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9901\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059933519\",\"display_name\":\"Jinfeng Wu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-0973\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018493023\",\"display_name\":\"Danhao Zheng\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090433356\",\"display_name\":\"Aoling Cai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-1621\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107114291\",\"display_name\":\"Haitao Yan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108315379\",\"display_name\":\"Ruibin Su\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S115201632\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1168911\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4378084778" }, { "id": 4813, "title": "Characterization of Novel Tryptamines’ Anxiolytic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Relation to their Psychoactive Effects", "normalized_title": "characterization of novel tryptamines anxiolytic and anti inflammatory effects in relation to their psychoactive effects", "authors": "Catharine Carfagno, M Vest, Kevin S. Murnane, Kariann Lamon, Bo Jarrett Wood", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2023-05-17", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1124/jpet.122.192360", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.122.192360", "keywords": "Tryptamines, Pharmacology, Anxiolytic, Hallucinogen, 5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Psilocybin, Chemistry, Tryptamine, Receptor, Medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4377029281\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4377029281\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091973982\",\"display_name\":\"Catharine Carfagno\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111595133\",\"display_name\":\"M Vest\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087345721\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin S. Murnane\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-0541\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057324897\",\"display_name\":\"Kariann Lamon\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015353144\",\"display_name\":\"Bo Jarrett Wood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3893-260X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S102125482\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.122.192360\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4377029281" }, { "id": 3063, "title": "Novel psilocin prodrugs with altered pharmacological properties as candidate therapies for treatment-resistant anxiety disorders", "normalized_title": "novel psilocin prodrugs with altered pharmacological properties as candidate therapies for treatment resistant anxiety disorders", "authors": "Raithatha SA, Hagel JM, Matinkhoo K, Yu L, Press D, Cook SG, Sharma G, D D, Jensen G, Lee JB, Cai C, Gallant J, Bains JS, Tucker JE, Facchini PJ.", "abstract": "The psychedelic compound psilocybin has shown therapeutic benefit in the treatment of numerous psychiatric diseases. A recent randomized clinical trial conducted at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center demonstrated the efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Similarly, a phase IIb study evaluating psilocybin-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) presented statistically meaningful and long-term reduction in depressive symptoms. Also, many studies have reported the successful treatment of severe anxiety after a single oral dose of psilocybin, especially in patients struggling with cancer-related distress (CRD). Despite these compelling clinical results, concerns regarding the duration of the psychedelic experience produced by psilocybin pose a significant barrier to its widespread therapeutic application. Psilocybin, derived from magic mushrooms is the naturally occurring prodrug of the neuroactive compound psilocin. When orally administered, exposure to the acidic gastrointestinal (GI) environment together with enzymatic processing by intestinal and hepatic alkaline phosphatase lead to the dephosphorylation of psilocybin producing elevated levels of systemic psilocin. These plasma levels are detectable up to 24 h and produce a psychoactive episode lasting as long as 6 h post-ingestion. In order to positively modify the kinetics of the acute psychedelic response, we have engineered a library of novel prodrug derivatives (NPDs) of psilocin, introducing a diversity of alternative metabolically cleavable moieties modified at the 4-carbon position of the core indole ring. This library consists of twenty-eight unique compounds represented by nine distinct prodrug classes. Each molecule was screened in vitro for metabolic stability using isolated human serum, and human cellular fractions derived from liver and intestinal tissues. This screen revealed fifteen prodrugs that produced measurable levels of psilocin in vitro, with ester and thiocarbonate-based prodrug derivatives significantly represented. These fifteen NPDs were further evaluated for pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in mice, assessing plasma levels of both residual prodrug and resultant psilocin. PK results confirmed the efficiency of ester and thiocarbonate-based prodrug metabolism upon oral and intravenous administration, achieving levels reduced, albeit comparable to levels of psilocybin-derived psilocin. Of note, almost all NPDs tested maintained reduced overall exposure of psilocin relative to psilocybin, with no measurable levels detected at 24 h post-dose. Finally, all NPDs were screened for CNS bioavailability in healthy mice using the Head Twitch Response (HTR), a behavioural biomarker of 5-HT2A receptor stimulation and an established proxy for psychoactive potential. Interestingly, five NPDs produced peak HTR that approached or exceeded levels induced by an equivalent dose of psilocybin. Among these bioactive prodrugs, an ester-based and thiocarbonate-based molecule produced long-term anxiolytic benefit in chronically stressed mice evaluated in the marble burying psychiatric model. Overall, this screening campaign identified novel candidate prodrugs of psilocin with altered metabolic profiles and reduced pharmacological exposure, potentially attenuating the duration of the psychedelic response. These molecules still maintained the long-term psychiatric and physiological benefits characteristic of psilocybin therapy. Additionally, these modified parameters also offer the opportunity for altered routes of administration bypassing conventional oral dosing.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-05-17", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.05.16.540994", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.16.540994", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR661781\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1473, "title": "The evolution and ecology of psilocybin in nature.", "normalized_title": "the evolution and ecology of psilocybin in nature", "authors": "Meyer M, Slot J.", "abstract": "Fungi produce diverse metabolites that can have antimicrobial, antifungal, antifeedant, or psychoactive properties. Among these metabolites are the tryptamine-derived compounds psilocybin, its precursors, and natural derivatives (collectively referred to as psiloids), which have played significant roles in human society and culture. The high allocation of nitrogen to psiloids in mushrooms, along with evidence of convergent evolution and horizontal transfer of psilocybin genes, suggest they provide a selective benefit to some fungi. However, no precise ecological roles of psilocybin have been experimentally determined. The structural and functional similarities of psiloids to serotonin, an essential neurotransmitter in animals, suggest that they may enhance the fitness of fungi through interference with serotonergic processes. However, other ecological mechanisms of psiloids have been proposed. Here, we review the literature pertinent to psilocybin ecology and propose potential adaptive advantages psiloids may confer to fungi.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-05-17", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103812", "pubmed_id": "37210028", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103812", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Agaricales, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Antifungal Agents, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37210028\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1487, "title": "Time-resolved network control analysis links reduced control energy under DMT with the serotonin 2a receptor, signal diversity, and subjective experience", "normalized_title": "time resolved network control analysis links reduced control energy under dmt with the serotonin 2a receptor signal diversity and subjective experience", "authors": "Singleton SP, Timmermann C, Luppi AI, Eckernäs E, Roseman L, Carhart-Harris RL, Kuceyeski A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics offer a profound window into the functioning of the human brain and mind through their robust acute effects on perception, subjective experience, and brain activity patterns. In recent work using a receptor-informed network control theory framework, we demonstrated that the serotonergic psychedelics lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin flatten the brain’s control energy landscape in a manner that covaries with more dynamic and entropic brain activity. Contrary to LSD and psilocybin, whose effects last for hours, the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) rapidly induces a profoundly immersive altered state of consciousness lasting less than 20 minutes, allowing for the entirety of the drug experience to be captured during a single resting-state fMRI scan. Using network control theory, which quantifies the amount of input necessary to drive transitions between functional brain states, we integrate brain structure and function to map the energy trajectories of 14 individuals undergoing fMRI during DMT and placebo. Consistent with previous work, we find that global control energy is reduced following injection with DMT compared to placebo. We additionally show longitudinal trajectories of global control energy correlate with longitudinal trajectories of EEG signal diversity (a measure of entropy) and subjective ratings of drug intensity. We interrogate these same relationships on a regional level and find that the spatial patterns of DMT’s effects on these metrics are correlated with serotonin 2a receptor density (obtained from separately acquired PET data). Using receptor distribution and pharmacokinetic information, we were able to successfully recapitulate the effects of DMT on global control energy trajectories, demonstrating a proof-of-concept for the use of control models in predicting pharmacological intervention effects on brain dynamics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-05-11", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.05.11.540409", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.11.540409", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR659698\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1469, "title": "Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis Modulation: New Approaches in Treatment of Neuropsychological and Gastrointestinal Functional Disorders.", "normalized_title": "microbiome gut brain axis modulation new approaches in treatment of neuropsychological and gastrointestinal functional disorders", "authors": "Kargbo RB.", "abstract": "The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the sophisticated bidirectional communication system connecting the digestive system with the central nervous system. This interaction is enabled by a series of intricate signaling processes, encompassing various neuro-immune and hormonal pathways. The association between the gut microbiome and mental health has garnered immense scientific and public interest, driven by an enhanced understanding of the microbiome's role in facilitating communication between the gut and the brain. This Patent Highlight discloses methods for promoting the colonization of spore-forming bacteria in the gastrointestinal track. These methods include administering a serotonin receptor agonist, such as psilocybin, psilocin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, ergine, mescaline, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, and others.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-05-10", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00168", "pubmed_id": "37312838", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00168", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37312838\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions,Microbiome,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1490, "title": "Cardiac Arrest Associated With Psilocybin Use and Hereditary Hemochromatosis", "normalized_title": "cardiac arrest associated with psilocybin use and hereditary hemochromatosis", "authors": "Suhwoo Bae, Michael Vaysblat, Edward Jong Bae, Ilja Dejanovic, Matthew Pierce", "abstract": "Recreational drug use is a significant public health concern in various countries. It is well understood that usage of psychedelics/hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ecstasy, phencyclidine (PCP), and psilocybin-containing mushrooms, has increased significantly over the last few decades, particularly in adolescents and young adults, yet the effects of these recreational drugs are poorly understood. Psilocybin has recently been studied as an alternative to traditional antidepressant therapies with potentially benign side effects. Here, we present the case of a 48-year-old male with a past medical history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on lisdexamfetamine who presented after a syncopal episode witnessed by his wife at home. He was found to be in ventricular fibrillation and subsequently had an extensive workup with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ischemic evaluation, and electrophysiology, which were unrevealing. He then received an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator and was incidentally found to have hereditary hemochromatosis on outpatient follow-up. His polypharmacy may have potentially led to catecholamine release, leading to ventricular arrhythmia.", "journal": "Cureus", "publication_date": "2023-05-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.38669", "pubmed_id": "37288212", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38669", "keywords": "Medicine, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Recreational Drug, Polypharmacy, Ecstasy, Psychiatry, Hypomania, Phencyclidine, Quetiapine, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Mania, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Mood, Drug, Receptor, NMDA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4372405576\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4372405576\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974836809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043967076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771981975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2906587679\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182903151\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192239078\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203885645\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223893856\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280555039\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292410066\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049724067\",\"display_name\":\"Suhwoo Bae\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034044045\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Vaysblat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-1968\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110972462\",\"display_name\":\"Edward Jong Bae\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070987442\",\"display_name\":\"Ilja Dejanovic\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114030434\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew Pierce\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2738950867\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cureus\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38669\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Adolescents,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4372405576" }, { "id": 1497, "title": "Unblinding and demand characteristics in the treatment of depression.", "normalized_title": "unblinding and demand characteristics in the treatment of depression", "authors": "Goodwin GM, Croal M, Marwood L, Malievskaia E", "abstract": "Blinding of treatment allocation in clinical trials in psychiatry is regarded as an ideal. The potential impact of unblinding chimes with a general concern for psychological research: so-called demand characteristics can undermine confidence in findings from experimental and clinical studies. Scepticism can result in nihilism. The reliance on subjective report of symptoms in clinical trials of drug efficacy in depression provides an important example. It is regularly implied that if subjective effects, including specific adverse reactions, unblind participants to an active treatment then evidence for its efficacy is suspect. In fact, the strong association between dose and subjective effects does not translate into a strong relationship with efficacy in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of conventional antidepressant drugs; this observation falsifies the proposition that unblinding is the principal mechanism driving RCT outcomes in studies of depression. Instead, changes in brain function, that occur soon after treatment starts, do predict treatment outcomes and align with our understanding of neurotransmitter effects from neuroscience. Psychedelic experience for the treatment of depression must be unblinding, but the effect results directly from serotonergic receptor activation and changes in brain connectivity. Where such effects are part of a novel mechanism of action, a strong dose response relationship would be expected, irrespective of unblinding. We highlight the importance of exploring blinding as a mechanism, confirming dose-related outcomes, and dissociating unblinding effects from efficacy. Unblinding does not necessarily invalidate the subjective experience of sustained recovery from depression.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "publication_date": "2023-04-30", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.030", "pubmed_id": "36781142", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36781142/", "keywords": "Antidepressant, Demand characteristics, Depression, Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Unblinding", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36781142\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4820, "title": "Psychedelic Sensationalism: An Analysis of the Schedule Classification of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "psychedelic sensationalism an analysis of the schedule classification of psilocybin", "authors": "Elisabeth Jean Wood", "abstract": "In 1970, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration passed the Controlled Substances Act. This statute classified and banned a variety of drugs including psilocybin, the psychoactive component found in Psilocybe Cubensis (also known as \"Magic Mushrooms\"). Though psilocybin was known to possess many medical benefits and cause no serious side effects, the Controlled Substances Act designated it as one of the most dangerous drugs, earning it a Schedule I classification. This meant possession and use incurred the highest level of legal punishment, and psilocybin could not be used under any circumstances, including in a medical setting. Based on biochemical properties alone, psilocybin does not fit the criteria to be a Schedule I drug, which suggests some other factors must have contributed to its legal classification. This paper analyzes primary and secondary sources to explore the anthropological and political motives that may have influenced psilocybin's schedule classification. The evidence that psilocybin's reputation in the eyes of the government was damaged due to its association with hippies and the counterculture movement of the 1960s and 1970s. This paper asserts that drug regulation was used as a form of social control that aimed to stifle the progressive ideals of the youth counterculture movement and reinforce conservative American ideals.", "journal": "Vanderbilt Undergraduate Research Journal", "publication_date": "2023-04-23", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Counterculture, Criminology, Phencyclidine, Sensationalism, Political science, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Law, Receptor, NMDA receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4376602238\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4376602238\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019457125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070113014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095417804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769531429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769677219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W6738155606\",\"https://openalex.org/W6801236790\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103009458\",\"display_name\":\"Elisabeth Jean Wood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-8699\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764912369\",\"source_display_name\":\"Vanderbilt Undergraduate Research Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Adolescents,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4376602238" }, { "id": 3181, "title": "High-resolution tracking of unconfined zebrafish behavior reveals stimulatory and anxiolytic effects of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "high resolution tracking of unconfined zebrafish behavior reveals stimulatory and anxiolytic effects of psilocybin", "authors": "Braun D, Rosenberg A, Haruvi R, Malamud D, Barbara R, Kawashima T.", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics are emerging therapeutics for psychiatric disorders, yet their underlying mechanisms of action in the brain remain largely elusive. Zebrafish have evolutionarily conserved serotonergic circuits and subcortical targets such as the brainstem regions and the cerebellum, providing a promising model for studying the subcortical effects of serotonergic drugs. Here, we developed a wide-field behavioral tracking system for larval zebrafish and investigated the effects of psilocybin, a psychedelic serotonin receptor agonist. Machine learning analyses of precise body kinematics identified latent behavioral states reflecting spontaneous exploration, visually-driven rapid swimming, and irregular swim patterns following stress exposure. Using this method, we identified two main behavioral effects of acute psilocybin treatment: [i] increased rapid swimming in the absence of visual stimuli and [ii] prevention of irregular swim patterns following stress exposure. Together, these effects indicate that psilocybin induces a brain state that is both stimulatory and anxiolytic. These findings pave the way for using larval zebrafish to elucidate subcortical mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of serotonergic psychedelics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-04-13", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.04.13.536830", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.13.536830", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR645777\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4826, "title": "Psychedelic Medicine: From Brain Science to Clinical Trials", "normalized_title": "psychedelic medicine from brain science to clinical trials", "authors": "David Nutt", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-04-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.022", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.022", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Default mode network, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Psychology, Clinical trial, Addiction, Psychiatry, Medicine, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4363673488\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4363673488\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.022\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4363673488" }, { "id": 4825, "title": "509. Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies of the Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Neural Activity", "normalized_title": "509 meta analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of the effects of serotonergic psychedelics on neural activity", "authors": "Jonah H. Shepherd, Caitlin Baten, Amanda M. Klassen, Gladys Zamora, Sarah Saravia, Elizabeth Pritchard, Zulaikha Ali, Saneh K. Kahlon, Kyla Whitelock, Fabiola A. Reyes, Dawson H. Hedges, J. Paul Hamilton, Matthew D. Sacchet, Chris H. Miller", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-04-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.749", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.749", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Neuroimaging, Neural activity, Functional neuroimaging, Meta-analysis, Medicine, Serotonin, Psychiatry, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4363648473\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4363648473\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070765933\",\"display_name\":\"Jonah H. Shepherd\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065999791\",\"display_name\":\"Caitlin Baten\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084946889\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda M. Klassen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053689783\",\"display_name\":\"Gladys Zamora\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075134919\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah Saravia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029707801\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Pritchard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-4378\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027146348\",\"display_name\":\"Zulaikha Ali\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087263444\",\"display_name\":\"Saneh K. Kahlon\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069289942\",\"display_name\":\"Kyla Whitelock\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090462460\",\"display_name\":\"Fabiola A. Reyes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047031434\",\"display_name\":\"Dawson H. Hedges\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083117203\",\"display_name\":\"J. Paul Hamilton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-4659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101555176\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew D. Sacchet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-5237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008402159\",\"display_name\":\"Chris H. Miller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-6375\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.749\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Meta-Analysis", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4363648473" }, { "id": 4824, "title": "118. Does Psilocybin Change Synaptic Vesicular Density in the Brains of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment?", "normalized_title": "118 does psilocybin change synaptic vesicular density in the brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment", "authors": "Aron Amaev, Jianmeng Song, Yasaman Kambari, Fumihiko Ueno, Edgardo Torres-Carmona, Ali Abdolizadeh, Teruki Koizumi, Vincenzo De Luca, Bruce G. Pollock, Alastair J. Flint, Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Philip Gerretsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-04-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.358", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.358", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Radioligand, Hallucinogen, Cognition, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4362734001\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4362734001\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081312231\",\"display_name\":\"Aron Amaev\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030191843\",\"display_name\":\"Jianmeng Song\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-8845\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035983383\",\"display_name\":\"Yasaman Kambari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-1692\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027791707\",\"display_name\":\"Fumihiko Ueno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-7943\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111199301\",\"display_name\":\"Edgardo Torres-Carmona\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005827248\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Abdolizadeh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-4141\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000318706\",\"display_name\":\"Teruki Koizumi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-481X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028939354\",\"display_name\":\"Vincenzo De Luca\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-3584\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000921316\",\"display_name\":\"Bruce G. Pollock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-3998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010961636\",\"display_name\":\"Alastair J. Flint\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-0235\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078217449\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Ishrat Husain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-5750\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044840695\",\"display_name\":\"Ariel Graff-Guerrero\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-2171\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017059941\",\"display_name\":\"Philip Gerretsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-6814\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.358\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4362734001" }, { "id": 4823, "title": "347. Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity After Psilocybin for Body Dysmorphic Disorder", "normalized_title": "347 changes in resting state functional connectivity after psilocybin for body dysmorphic disorder", "authors": "Xi Zhu, David J. Hellerstein, Jamie D. Feusner, Michael G. Wheaton, Gloria Gómez, Franklin R. Schneier", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-04-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.587", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.587", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Body dysmorphic disorder, Psychology, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Obsessive compulsive, Agonist, Psychiatry, Medicine, Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Receptor, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, Empathy and Medical Education", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4362733849\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4362733849\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100452981\",\"display_name\":\"Xi Zhu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1342-2221\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048687842\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Hellerstein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-4354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040702751\",\"display_name\":\"Jamie D. Feusner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-345X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010843064\",\"display_name\":\"Michael G. Wheaton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-7879\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101839556\",\"display_name\":\"Gloria Gómez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-7416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038025366\",\"display_name\":\"Franklin R. Schneier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-2693\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.587\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4362733849" }, { "id": 4828, "title": "Psilocybin to promote synaptogenesis in the brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment", "normalized_title": "psilocybin to promote synaptogenesis in the brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment", "authors": "Jianmeng Song, Yasaman Kambari, Aron Amaev, Fumihiko Ueno, Edgardo Torres Carmona, Vincenzo De Luca, Bruce G. Pollock, Alastair J. Flint, Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Philip Gerretsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "Medical Hypotheses", "publication_date": "2023-04-04", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111068", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111068", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Prefrontal cortex, Memantine, Neocortex, Hippocampus, Synaptogenesis, Hallucinogen, Cognition, Dementia, Medicine, Psychiatry, Disease, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4362604463\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4362604463\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1504181864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1555828690\",\"https://openalex.org/W1587740805\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977751486\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984345885\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984692581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010391271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036802268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052226124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056313099\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066106579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112436745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114208511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128667819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142188427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145796722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147435466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158567814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161737267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2263058751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582524520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600495561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610886655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789284527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883737562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886663110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893373014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943930324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953537854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954554842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014586750\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031195566\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080361799\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087859780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112777140\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193440797\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204600425\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249588684\",\"https://openalex.org/W6665702466\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030191843\",\"display_name\":\"Jianmeng Song\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-8845\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035983383\",\"display_name\":\"Yasaman Kambari\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-1692\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003990223\",\"display_name\":\"Aron Amaev\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027791707\",\"display_name\":\"Fumihiko Ueno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-7943\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110764509\",\"display_name\":\"Edgardo Torres Carmona\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028939354\",\"display_name\":\"Vincenzo De Luca\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-3584\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000921316\",\"display_name\":\"Bruce G. Pollock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-3998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010961636\",\"display_name\":\"Alastair J. Flint\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-0235\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078217449\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Ishrat Husain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-5750\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044840695\",\"display_name\":\"Ariel Graff-Guerrero\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-2171\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017059941\",\"display_name\":\"Philip Gerretsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-6814\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S27514295\",\"source_display_name\":\"Medical Hypotheses\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111068\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4362604463" }, { "id": 1303, "title": "Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity", "normalized_title": "psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity", "authors": "Yingjie Du, Yunfeng Li, Xiangting Zhao, Yishan Yao, Bin Wang, Liming Zhang, Guyan Wang", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid. Psilocybin exerts substantial therapeutic effects on depression by promoting neuroplasticity. Fear extinction is a key process in the mechanism of first-line exposure-based therapies for PTSD. We hypothesized that psilocybin would facilitate fear extinction by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity. METHODS: First, we assessed the effects of psilocybin on percentage of freezing time in an auditory cued fear conditioning (FC) and fear extinction paradigm in mice. Psilocybin was administered 30 min before extinction training. Fear extinction testing was performed on the first day; fear extinction retrieval and fear renewal were tested on the sixth and seventh days, respectively. Furthermore, we verified the effect of psilocybin on hippocampal neuroplasticity using Golgi staining for the dendritic complexity and spine density, Western blotting for the protein levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and immunofluorescence staining for the numbers of doublecortin (DCX)- and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells. RESULTS: A single dose of psilocybin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the increase in the percentage of freezing time induced by FC at 24 h, 6th day and 7th day after administration. In terms of structural neuroplasticity, psilocybin rescued the decrease in hippocampal dendritic complexity and spine density induced by FC; in terms of neuroplasticity related proteins, psilocybin rescued the decrease in the protein levels of hippocampal BDNF and mTOR induced by FC; in terms of neurogenesis, psilocybin rescued the decrease in the numbers of DCX- and BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus induced by FC. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of psilocybin facilitated rapid and sustained fear extinction; this effect might be partially mediated by the promotion of hippocampal neuroplasticity. This study indicates that psilocybin may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for PTSD and other mental disorders characterized by failure of fear extinction.", "journal": "Chinese Medical Journal", "publication_date": "2023-03-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1097/cm9.0000000000002647", "pubmed_id": "37000971", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000002647", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hippocampal formation, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Biology, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Memory and Neural Mechanisms, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": 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Du\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4484-5024\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100326031\",\"display_name\":\"Yunfeng Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-8074\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058242531\",\"display_name\":\"Xiangting Zhao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043861769\",\"display_name\":\"Yishan Yao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-1688\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100372310\",\"display_name\":\"Bin Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-5360\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100646618\",\"display_name\":\"Liming Zhang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-8193\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088725738\",\"display_name\":\"Guyan Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-5472\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S22240167\",\"source_display_name\":\"Chinese Medical Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000002647\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4362457938" }, { "id": 3468, "title": "Role of the Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor in Mescaline-induced Altered States of Consciousness", "normalized_title": "role of the serotonin 5 ht2a receptor in mescaline induced altered states of consciousness", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "Mescaline (the active substance in Peyote and San Pedro cacti) is a classic and long known serotonergic psychedelic substance (hallucinogen) that is widely used for recreational, spiritual, and/or ethno medical purposes. Despite its long history, modern data on the acute effects of mescaline on human is lacking. Mescaline produces prototypical psychedelic effects, similar as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. The serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor is thought to primarily mediate acute alterations of consciousness induced by LSD and psilocybin. However, the contributory role of the 5-HT2A receptor in mescaline-induced alterations of consciousness is unclear. Using 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin, the psychedelic experience induced by LSD and psilocybin can be attenuated and shortened. The present study therefore explores the role the 5-HT2A receptor in mescaline-induced altered states of consciousness using escalating doses of mescaline and the 5-HT2A receptor blocker ketanserin administered before a high dose of mescaline. Objective: The present MDR-study will characterize the subjective effects of different doses of mescaline using modern psychometric instruments and examine the contribution of the 5-HT2A receptor in the mescaline-induced alterations of consciousness. Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-period cross-over design with six treatment conditions. 1) Placebo (Pla + Pla), 2) 100 mg mescaline (Pla + 100mg mescaline), 3) 200 mg mescaline (Pla + 200mg mescaline), 4) 400 mg mescaline (Pla + 400mg mescaline), 5) 800 mg mescaline (Pla + 800mg mescaline), and 6) 40mg ketanserin and 800mg mescaline (Ket + 800mg mescaline). Participants: 16 healthy participants aged ≥ 25 and ≤ 65 years (8 female, 8 male)", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-03-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04849013", "keywords": "Healthy, Placebo, Mescaline 100mg, Mescaline 200mg, Mescaline 400mg, Mescaline 800mg, Mescaline 800mg + Ketanserin 40mg, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04849013\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Spirituality,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1494, "title": "[Contribution of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor to antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics].", "normalized_title": "contribution of serotonin 5 ht2a receptor to antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Ibi D.", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder presents a substantial global health burden, and at least 30-40% of patients exhibit treatment resistance to antidepressants. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is used as an anesthetic agent. In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved esketamine (the S-enantiomer of ketamine) as a therapeutic agent for treatment-resistant depression; however, this drug has reportedly been associated with serious side effects such as dissociative symptoms, thus limiting its clinical use as an antidepressant. Recently, various clinical studies have reported that psilocybin, the psychoactive substance found in magic mushrooms, has a fast-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effect in patients with major depressive disorder, including those resistant to conventional treatment. Furthermore, psilocybin is a psychoactive drug that is relatively harmless compared to ketamine and other similar substances. Accordingly, the FDA has designated psilocybin as a \"breakthrough therapy approach\" for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Additionally, serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide show some potential in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and addiction. The increased attention the use of psychedelics has attracted as a psychiatric disorder treatment approach is referred to as the \"psychedelic renaissance\". Pharmacologically, psychedelics cause hallucinations by stimulating cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2A), although whether 5-HT2A is responsible for the manifestation of their therapeutic effects remains unclear. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the hallucinations and \"mystical experience\" that the patients go through because of 5-HT2A activation by psychedelics is essential for the therapeutic effect of these substances. Future research should elucidate the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of psychedelics on psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder in clinical and pre-clinical studies, and discusses the possibility of 5-HT2A as a novel therapeutic target.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-03-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1254/fpj.22141", "pubmed_id": "36990794", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.22141", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinations, Serotonin, Ketamine, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36990794\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1493, "title": "Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder", "normalized_title": "pilot study of single dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor resistant body dysmorphic disorder", "authors": "Franklin R. Schneier, Jamie D. Feusner, Michael G. Wheaton, Gloria J. Gomez, Giselle Cornejo, Akansha M. Naraindas, David J. Hellerstein", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Psychiatric Research", "publication_date": "2023-03-27", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.031", "pubmed_id": "37004409", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.031", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Body dysmorphic disorder, Serotonin, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Reuptake inhibitor, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Fluoxetine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:36", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4361279088\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4361279088\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":78,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W28308488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035490907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071603585\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092586569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114613490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137677848\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147106787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148083007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161156593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332936953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2394498068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2517653410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982303007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994058197\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110396742\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4311498973\",\"https://openalex.org/W6680329462\",\"https://openalex.org/W6711978549\",\"https://openalex.org/W6847101171\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038025366\",\"display_name\":\"Franklin R. Schneier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-2693\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040702751\",\"display_name\":\"Jamie D. Feusner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-345X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010843064\",\"display_name\":\"Michael G. Wheaton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-7879\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027298292\",\"display_name\":\"Gloria J. Gomez\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-9223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055946060\",\"display_name\":\"Giselle Cornejo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092428959\",\"display_name\":\"Akansha M. Naraindas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-2426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048687842\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Hellerstein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-4354\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S160879026\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychiatric Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.031\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4361279088" }, { "id": 1526, "title": "Psychedelic Targeting of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 and Its Implications for the Treatment of Alcoholism.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic targeting of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 and its implications for the treatment of alcoholism", "authors": "Domanegg K, Sommer WH, Meinhardt MW.", "abstract": "Alcohol abuse is a leading risk factor for the public health burden worldwide. Approved pharmacotherapies have demonstrated limited effectiveness over the last few decades in treating alcohol use disorders (AUD). New therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently needed. Historical and recent clinical trials using psychedelics in conjunction with psychotherapy demonstrated encouraging results in reducing heavy drinking in AUD patients, with psilocybin being the most promising candidate. While psychedelics are known to induce changes in gene expression and neuroplasticity, we still lack crucial information about how this specifically counteracts the alterations that occur in neuronal circuits throughout the course of addiction. This review synthesizes well-established knowledge from addiction research about pathophysiological mechanisms related to the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2), with findings and theories on how mGlu2 connects to the major signaling pathways induced by psychedelics via serotonin 2A receptors (2AR). We provide literature evidence that mGlu2 and 2AR are able to regulate each other's downstream signaling pathways, either through monovalent crosstalk or through the formation of a 2AR-mGlu2 heteromer, and highlight epigenetic mechanisms by which 2ARs can modulate mGlu2 expression. Lastly, we discuss how these pathways might be targeted therapeutically to restore mGlu2 function in AUD patients, thereby reducing the propensity to relapse.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-03-21", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/cells12060963", "pubmed_id": "36980303", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060963", "keywords": "Neurons, Humans, Alcoholism, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Hallucinogens", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36980303\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Epigenetics,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3524, "title": "Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin for Body Dysmorphic Disorder", "normalized_title": "safety and efficacy of psilocybin for body dysmorphic disorder", "authors": "New York State Psychiatric Institute", "abstract": "In this pilot study 12 adult outpatients with body dysmorphic disorder that has not responded to at least one adequate trial of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor will be treated openly with a single oral dose of psilocybin. Followup visits to monitor safety and clinical outcome will be conducted over a 3 month period. In this pilot study, up to 12 adult outpatients with body dysmorphic disorder that has not responded to at least one adequate trial of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor will be treated openly with a single oral dose of psilocybin. Procedures will follow those previously established in depression studies of psilocybin. Patients will receive intensive preparation and support from two therapists, including 8-9 hours accompanying the patient on the day of medication administration in the Biological Studies Unit of New York State Psychiatric Institute. Followup visits to monitor safety and clinical outcome will be conducted at day 1, week1, and months 1,2, and 3 post-administration. Resting state function magnetic resonance imaging will be conducted prior to and one day after psilocybin administration to assess the effect of medication on brain circuits.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-03-12", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04656301", "keywords": "Body Dysmorphic Disorders, Psilocybin, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04656301\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1465, "title": "Preclinical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of psilocybin in psychiatric disorders.", "normalized_title": "preclinical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of psilocybin in psychiatric disorders", "authors": "Wulff AB, Nichols CD, Thompson SM.", "abstract": "Psychedelic compounds have shown extraordinary potential in treating a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Psilocybin, for example, has now been shown in several clinical trials to induce a rapid (within days) and persistent (3-12 months) improvement in human treatment-resistant depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Here we review the preclinical models and experimental approaches that have been used to study the neurobiological actions of psychedelic drugs. We further summarize the insights these studies have provided into the possible mechanisms underlying the induction of their therapeutic actions, including the receptors to which psychedelics bind and the second messenger signaling cascades that they activate. We also discuss potential biological processes that psychedelics may alter to produce the lasting amelioration of symptoms, including improvements in synaptic structure and function and suppression of inflammation. Improved mechanistic understanding of psychedelic drug actions will aid in the advancement of these promising new medicines. This article is part of the Special Issue on \"National Institutes of Health Psilocybin Research Speaker Series\".", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-03-12", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109504", "pubmed_id": "36921889", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109504", "keywords": "Humans, Inflammation, Hallucinogens, United States, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36921889\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1501, "title": "Receptor Binding Profiles for Tryptamine Psychedelics and Effects of 4-Propionoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Mice", "normalized_title": "receptor binding profiles for tryptamine psychedelics and effects of 4 propionoxy n n dimethyltryptamine in mice", "authors": "Grant C. Glatfelter, Marilyn Naeem, Duyen N. K. Pham, James A. Golen, A.R. Chadeayne, David R. Manke, Michael H. Baumann", "abstract": "Analogues of 4-phosphoryloxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) are being sold on recreational drug markets and developed as potential medications for psychedelic-assisted therapies. Many of these tryptamine-based psilocybin analogues produce psychedelic-like effects in rodents and humans primarily by agonist activity at serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A ). However, the comprehensive pharmacological target profiles for these compounds compared to psilocybin and its active metabolite 4-hydroxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (psilocin) are unknown. The present study determined the receptor binding profiles of various tryptamine-based psychedelics structurally related to psilocybin across a broad range of potential targets. Specifically, we examined tryptamine psychedelics with different 4-position (hydroxy, acetoxy, propionoxy) and N, N -dialkyl (dimethyl, methyl-ethyl, diethyl, methyl-propyl, ethyl-propyl, diisopropyl, methyl-allyl, diallyl) substitutions. Further, the psilocybin analogue 4-propionoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (4-PrO-DMT) was administered to mice in experiments measuring head twitch response (HTR), locomotor activity, and body temperature. Overall, the present pharmacological profile screening data show that the tryptamine psychedelics target multiple serotonin receptors, including serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT1A ). 4-Acetoxy and 4-propionoxy analogues of 4-hydroxy compounds displayed somewhat weaker binding affinities but similar target profiles across 5-HT receptors and other identified targets. Additionally, differential binding screen profiles were observed with N,N -dialkyl position variations across several non-5-HT receptor targets (i.e., alpha receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, and serotonin transporters), which could impact in vivo pharmacological effects of the compounds. In mouse experiments, 4-PrO-DMT displayed dose-related psilocybin-like effects to produce 5-HT2A -mediated HTR (0.3-3 mg/kg s.c.) as well as 5-HT1A -mediated hypothermia and hypolocomotion (3-30 mg/kg s.c.). Lastly, our data support a growing body of evidence that the 5-HT2A -mediated HTR induced by tryptamine psychedelics is attenuated by 5-HT1A receptor agonist activity at high doses in mice.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2023-03-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.2c00222", "pubmed_id": "37082754", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.2c00222", "keywords": "Tryptamine, Tryptamines, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Stereochemistry, Medicine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323825498\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":24,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1907730096\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979790289\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994495174\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000223105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038437906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051639699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059002674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072913143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080760021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087542866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127792081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2300741967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312324544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417371067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492219929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2614138936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621905925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789541163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789608017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794166569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805248302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999306893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3040590429\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3102192881\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116234192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120424265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153901006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196573181\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213514609\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215756748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210795331\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225151974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282982392\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288447327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"https://openalex.org/W4317600184\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000035566\",\"display_name\":\"Marilyn Naeem\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034949318\",\"display_name\":\"Duyen N. K. Pham\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-1565\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006499895\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Golen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-1253\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034491084\",\"display_name\":\"A.R. Chadeayne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-0337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030447541\",\"display_name\":\"David R. Manke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-4801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.2c00222\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4323825498" }, { "id": 4833, "title": "Psychedelics for Medicinal Use: How Will This Alter the Collective Laboratory Consciousness?", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for medicinal use how will this alter the collective laboratory consciousness", "authors": "Steven W. Cotten, Frederick G. Strathmann, Frederick S. Barrett, Laura Labay, James Mullally, Alexander M. Sherwood, Frank Wiegand", "abstract": "The clinical evaluation of hallucinogens and other small molecules, conventionally termed psychedelics, has seen a dramatic increase in the past 5 years. Several key clinical trials recently demonstrated the potential efficacy of these compounds in treating a variety of mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Concurrently, the business and patent landscape of hallucinogen derivatives from both conventional drug companies and emerging commercial entities is rapidly expanding. These 2 developments will require the clinical laboratory to rethink its approach to supporting this evolving area beyond the historic detection of these drugs in an abuse and/or overdose setting. For this Q&A, we invited a group of experts who are associated with psychedelic research, drug discovery, or drug approval to provide insight into this rapidly expanding field. The experts discuss what challenges are ahead for clinical adoption of psychedelic compounds and how this may impact the field of laboratory medicine. The opinions provided are those of the expert authors only and do not reflect opinions or outlooks for their respective institutions. How would US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approval of psychedelic compounds influence your career, research, or day-to-day focus? James Mullally: As a former regulator, an intriguing aspect of FDA approval of psychedelic drugs is how these approvals may impact other federal agencies. As part of my duties while working as Chief of the Toxicology Devices Branch at FDA, I was tasked with serving as an ex officio board member of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Drug Testing Advisory Board (DTAB). One of the functions of this board is to draft guidelines for federal workplace drug testing. A critical feature of federal workplace testing is Medical Review Officer (MRO) verification of prescriptions, medical records, and other medical information to determine whether a legitimate medical explanation exists for any positive drug test. Thus, FDA approval of new psychedelic drugs for prescription use may impact these guidelines, since the DTAB would need to consider (a) whether the new drug should be added to the classes of drugs subject to regulated testing, (b) whether the new drug could trigger false-positive results for any of the existing drugs of abuse tests, and (c) how legitimate prescriptions should be factored into MRO decisions. For example, when Epidiolex (cannabidiol) was recently approved by the FDA for prescription use, the DTAB had to consider the impact on federal workplace testing, and they subsequently published interpretation guidance for MROs stating that, since the active ingredient is cannabidiol only, Epidiolex should not cause a positive drug test (and therefore a valid Epidiolex prescription should not be a legitimate reason for a positive test result). By contrast, the active ingredient in the FDA-approved drug Marinol is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and therefore evidence of a valid prescription should be factored into the MRO’s case determination. Frederick Barrett: For over 22 years, our group at Johns Hopkins University has been pioneering the study of the acute and enduring effects of classic and atypical psychedelic drugs in humans. To date, psilocybin is the psychedelic compound with the greatest amount of contemporary clinical data informing potential therapeutic use. Two multi-national Phase III registration trials have been approved by both the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to study psilocybin, one for the treatment of major depressive disorder and the other for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. The FDA has granted breakthrough therapy designation for each of these trials. Psilocybin is also being studied for the treatment of substance use disorders and a growing number of other psychiatric and neurological disorders. Final FDA approval of psilocybin as a medicine for depression would represent a tremendous milestone and validation for the field and would motivate continued investigation not only of the use of psilocybin to treat other indications, but also as a tool to better understand the etiology and effective mechanisms of action to treat both depression and other disorders. Current data point to the potential for psilocybin as a rapid and sustained treatment for mood and substance use disorders, with potential efficacy after as few as 1 or 2 discrete treatments. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this treatment effect may potentially inform our understanding of the development, maintenance, and eventual recovery from these disorders. Several additional psychedelic drugs, some with shorter duration of acute effects and others with seemingly different characteristics of acute effects, are also being investigated for therapeutic purposes. Approval of psilocybin would motivate further investigation of these and other psychedelic compounds as the field moves towards both a mechanistic understanding of these treatments, and optimization of these treatments. Alexander Sherwood: As a medicinal chemist engaged in psychedelic drug development at a non-profit, my efforts support our organization’s clinical trials and associated research by advancing our understanding of the pharmacological properties of psilocybin and related compounds. Psilocybin is a natural product that has been in the development pipeline for millennia, though it was clearly not discovered through traditional drug development efforts. Assuming adequate safety and efficacy is further supported in Phase III trials, psilocybin is poised to be the first classic psychedelic compound to attain FDA approval. This will almost certainly amplify efforts into the discovery of second- and third-generation psychedelics, perhaps better tuned toward specific clinical conditions. Regulatory approval will enable the refinement of clinical approaches to applying these compounds effectively in healing modalities, and possibly facilitate a better understanding of the underlying interplay between molecular pharmacology, systems neurobiology, and ultimately human behavior. While it is well established that the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) is central to mediating the effects of psychedelics, rational drug design is complicated by an inseparable and interdependent network of central nervous system (CNS) polypharmacology. With approval, I hope to see the advancement of better screening tools for assaying not only psychedelics, but also CNS-active compounds more broadly-new approaches that may help transcend a “one drug-one target” paradigm of drug discovery. Results from the clinic will ideally inform the parallel development of novel assay techniques toward the design of new and optimized chemical entities. Frank Wiegand: Having worked as a neurologist and then later as a drug developer in the psychiatric field for almost 30 years, I know firsthand how high the unmet medical need is for many patients suffering from neuropsychiatric conditions. New therapeutic options and medications that work through a different mode of action than currently available drugs are crucially needed to advance the field and improve the health of millions of people around the world. With that in mind, the regulatory approval of psychedelic medicines to address some of these conditions would be a huge step forward. Since I have the good fortune to be an active part of this development in my current capacity as Chief Medical Officer at Beckley Psytech (where I get to oversee the development of short-acting synthetic formulations of 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine [5-MeO-DMT] and psilocin for difficult-to-treat conditions), nothing would enrich my professional life more than being successful in bringing potentially paradigm-changing medicines to people in need. Laura Labay: As a forensic toxicologist in a CLIA-certified laboratory that provides routine testing for drugs of abuse and esoteric toxicology testing, FDA approval will likely result in a few key changes to laboratories. Even without FDA approval, one important part of our usual work is to evaluate emerging drugs and therapeutics for frequency of use with their potential to cause or contribute to death, produce impairment, or cause an adverse clinical event. This is done to ensure that the appropriate and relevant toxicology tests for each patient case or circumstance are available. This is a multi-step process that touches almost every working group within the laboratory. For example, test panels must be evaluated to determine if any reconfiguration is required. Should a particular psychedelic be added to the drug of abuse panels? If yes, are the analytical measurement ranges and quality control concentrations appropriately set to monitor concentrations that are expected following therapeutic use? Lastly, interpretive comments should also be reviewed and modified as needed to include any reference range data. Do you believe the media portrayal and attention given to psychedelic medicines will affect their regulatory future? If so, how? Alexander Sherwood: The portrayal of psychedelics in the media has ranged from dangerous illicit drugs to mental health panacea, with overstatements at both ends of these extremes. The reality is likely somewhere in the middle, and the interpretation of rigorous, objective scientific data is necessary to identify a signal in the noise. Recent scientific publications on psychedelics in mainstream journals have quickly topped “most read” rankings, which is certainly a major achievement; this was not happening 20 years ago. But with increased allure and attention, the impulse to move quickly may risk lowered research standards. A concerning observation is that scientific journals have been fast to publish psychedelic-related reports, especially those highlighting overly optimistic conclusions. Quick and painless peer-review processes are gratifying, but we should always welcome scrutiny. Considering the regulatory future of psychedelics, a challenging scenario is when weak science is published, and then misinterpreted and amplified by popular media. When weak science is amplified, unrelated significant findings in the same field may be dismissed by association; this results in setbacks for the whole field. A regulatory agency’s primary goal is the objective evaluation of a medication’s safety and effectiveness, and arguably media portrayal should have little influence. However, these agencies do not exist in a vacuum, and it is conceivably difficult to ignore the vast media attention given to psychedelics-good, bad, or misguided. James Mullally: In addition to reviewing objective data provided by drug manufacturers, the FDA also considers input from any and all relevant stakeholders when making regulatory decisions, so that they can fully consider the benefits and risks of a new drug for the target For example, the FDA has published guidance for how patient can provide data that can be in medical product development and regulatory it should not be that media could influence the understanding of the and of risk by psychedelic and that this understanding could a in FDA regulatory would therefore be for drug to this potential regulatory and to address it in their regulatory to the as of information to support the benefits and of risk Laura Labay: Substance drug and have increased over the is likely that the in drug use results from the need to the associated with the I patients and will drugs to treat conditions and as mood disorders, and that have not well to other As psychedelics more some and will to media to their benefits while those with a more will publish case and analytical in the scientific I do not believe what is psychedelics in any media should affect the regulatory The to a drug for use should be evidence and clinical good therapeutic with risk to the Frederick Barrett: A amount of the media attention for psychedelic drugs has been with some media being attention has the potential for psychedelics as medicines to in To date, and of at the and the of have been and on with the to or psychedelic use as medicine or These have been at in by media portrayal and attention given to psychedelic in and have been to the and use of psychedelic These for a potential future of a more landscape of and of psychedelic drugs in a to but it is what effect this will have on federal The FDA has been in the evaluation of psychedelics as medicines in as of a as is with challenges the of how to or control clinical trials with of the challenges to psychedelics as it currently the future of federal of psychedelic drugs will from clinical trials data. Frank Wiegand: is a of attention being to the development of psychedelic medicines This is likely to a of the that these compounds are that they the that they are drugs of that is a associated with the they human a of following some of the their therapeutic One of the of is the that this can to in the in can in patients that in clinical This has the to impact the results which we need to as as As we to the future development and of the will be need to and evaluate the scientific evidence and should specific attention to clinical we have seen a few clinical trials over the few years that the therapeutic use of psychedelic compounds in many conditions major depressive disorder disorder and use disorder and provide a for how to future or with the increased adoption of psychedelic Laura Labay: are from a and laboratory a psychedelics, any other drug or can be of the psychedelic medicines may potentially the for new to drug toxicology have to with test to the and the rapid of novel including synthetic and drugs in the or may to more development, and is but can be challenging laboratory may be or at Alexander Sherwood: A is an of or on who In the same that is by experts within the of medical psychedelics are tools benefits are the and paradigm in clinical the around the is arguably more toward therapeutic efficacy than the psychedelic drug To this medicine may some growing in to the appropriate of drugs and will need to address the of especially the of I not that has guidance as to how psychedelics into our current or clinical and these will a of new experts to identify in the use of As therapeutic are to the properties of psychedelics, important is and of or through adequate to ensure that are in to Frank Wiegand: are a number of challenges by the development of psychedelic from and to use and is important to that many of these psychedelic compounds have a and and have been by for of years in the of healing for and and as or The on their research and use in the and a of that has scientific for many that is of the clinical development of these compounds is in its we do not have on how and will But the FDA approval of in provide a at an of how was approved as a therapy for treatment-resistant depression and in and not a this receptor is also a compound with use, given and subject to a risk and evaluation I believe that the approval of has demonstrated the of the to novel treatment which are being in clinical When psychedelic I in the field would be well to the and the risk and benefits of psychedelics as medicinal and the appropriate for how they can be for the patients at the in the medical and with the frequency and to effects and medical James Mullally: One of the likely of increased adoption of psychedelic medicines is potential for illicit use, in part to One regulatory that could is with to the of drugs of abuse and therapeutic in These are that have of to the of specific for small To the risk of results to this the FDA to evaluate the potential for and to other small that are to be in from in the use For drugs of abuse this testing all other illicit drugs that an illicit drug may to use and for therapeutic drug this testing other drugs that are likely to be with increased adoption of psychedelic should to relevant drugs in this into their validation Frederick Barrett: therapy with high of psychedelic drugs are likely to that require appropriate in approaches will in many of the that are necessary for of psychedelic drugs, but additional and may be necessary to provide a for patients psychedelic Understanding and the appropriate of and for patients in these will be necessary for the of patient of the of psychedelic will be However, for and of mental health in this have not been How should the field of laboratory medicine to this rapidly expanding field of Frederick Barrett: in capacity to and further the use and effects of psychedelic drugs is must also increase our of clinical trials data and increase the and of efforts to and evaluate the therapeutic effects of psychedelic understanding of the acute effects of psychedelic drugs and effective approaches to and will be psychedelic can be but these challenging can be effectively in with and understanding of the in which and is not or in which psychedelics a risk to patients in the potential case of will also be Laura Labay: with is need to know what drugs and must be in their testing they are of to the medical that are part of the laboratory medicine will also need to consider and that help with result For example, is the with therapeutic use? is the with abuse or a is likely that and reference in addition to may to increase their related to of the testing that may be expected to will also be the need to support research and clinical trials clinical are to provide testing of clinical research Alexander Sherwood: efforts in the drug discovery are from the of laboratory but the many psychedelics may for as the field the are psychedelics to produce a sustained after the drug is and from the to with this therapeutic a in has been the of To date, this has As more psychedelics clinical and of may new for the discovery of potential associated with psychedelic may also to consider a to a specific Recent evidence has that for changes at the receptor can and the in by different psychedelic The is that may to the same psychedelic a but effect disorder has been in a small of the as for or years after to a psychedelic it has been that a may be a the of is and screening techniques are available to an psychedelics as psilocybin and have a of so current clinical trials only as and to determine if a patient is in good However, as novel psychedelics clinical trials or popular the safety of classic psychedelics is not are psychedelics with at the of psychiatric and have been to their use, by adverse including and Considering testing for medicine and it will be important to quickly identify the by compounds and to better hope is that a understanding of the toxicology between and psilocybin may the design of To this it is not what should be optimized in new psychedelic medicines that are both and of a the is in for assay design and testing. In the information by the clinical laboratory could be to not only patient to psychedelic drugs, but also the in discovery efforts into optimized Frank Wiegand: As we are our compounds into and are how the of should be and which medical to are always for good data that can inform in this but of the current in the neuropsychiatric field have when it to the therapeutic This is further complicated by the that the field is psychedelics in with and support as which can not be in The that the is a good for the effects of new molecular entities and be a but not tool for the discovery of new molecular entities new data and can the therapeutic potential of novel and help to the therapeutic efficacy As a clinical I attention to these findings and hope that we will also in the development of clinical that can be to therapeutic or determine the and for therapeutic James Mullally: As I to prescription psychedelic medicines is likely to result in increased of illicit use. When drugs may a safety should who are to these drugs to or other that could are also risks to the including and adverse effects to use of Testing for illicit use can therefore be an effective to these for or to from or to identify a drug as the cause of to help ensure it will be the medical to and that are and of psychedelic do you will be the greatest of this new area of Frank Wiegand: I and that patients will be the of psychedelic But since many of the neuropsychiatric currently as depression, and substance abuse have a not only on patients but also on their and I believe that and as a whole will also from novel treatment As in my a huge unmet need for many of these conditions and existing treatment are and are an new paradigm for the first be an for a pharmacological medications will not have to be on a but could be or in an If this a then many patients not be to the effects of If we are to these compounds and the rapid effects and that Phase and some Phase III I believe we can tremendous suffering around the world. Frederick Barrett: hope is that people who are suffering from mood and substance use disorders, and psychiatric and all those who are not will to and effective that the they approach the and their within the world. this it that psychedelic drugs, the may but we must better understand the and the of these effects as well as the of these drugs, and for and what conditions they risks than is that, if approved as both and to to these medicines will be that will to only those with the greatest of that have been in this especially in the of and the to date, will be The regulatory of the of these drugs as medicines in the case of an drug safety as a and will need to be the safety and the of these drugs and their associated Alexander Sherwood: better approaches toward mental health a and that ultimately hope is that the adoption of psychedelics as medicine may not only suffering for those who have not been by current but also address in our by a new to better and perhaps the underlying of mental in this James Mullally: As is for medications that have been to be and effective for their by the FDA, patients will likely be the greatest of approvals for new psychedelic Laura Labay: The greatest should be patients with conditions that affect as anxiety, and depression. is that though mental health conditions can be as as some treatment and support from and of The and be is and the of these disorders. As new drugs in this are or for their demonstrated use in clinical will the need to further associated with these as well as the and treatment FDA, US Food and Drug Medical Review serotonin 2A in authors they have to the of this and have the following (a) significant to the and of or and interpretation of (b) or the for (c) approval of the published and to be for all of the that related to the or of any part of the are appropriately investigated and Frederick Frederick Laura James Alexander and Frank all authors the and/or potential of of Medical of Toxicology Advisory Board member for the in forensic toxicology of and The for and the member for is a of Beckley Psytech Medical Advisory for a study and board member on the Drug Testing Advisory Board from to The Johns Hopkins for and by from the and as well as and support for and/or from support for and/or from", "journal": "Clinical Chemistry", "publication_date": "2023-03-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1093/clinchem/hvad016", "pubmed_id": "36881769", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvad016", "keywords": "Officer, Chapel, Vice president, Library science, Classics, Sociology, History, Art history, Law, Management, Political science, Computer science, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323351497\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323351497\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044283170\",\"display_name\":\"Steven W. Cotten\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-9883\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062293003\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick G. Strathmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-2178\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061358676\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Labay\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088644059\",\"display_name\":\"James Mullally\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029982811\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander M. Sherwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0791\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060108048\",\"display_name\":\"Frank Wiegand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-3957\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S139212996\",\"source_display_name\":\"Clinical Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvad016\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4323351497" }, { "id": 1536, "title": "Inhibition of Microglial GSK3β Activity Is Common to Different Kinds of Antidepressants: A Proposal for an In Vitro Screen to Detect Novel Antidepressant Principles.", "normalized_title": "inhibition of microglial gsk3β activity is common to different kinds of antidepressants a proposal for an in vitro screen to detect novel antidepressant principles", "authors": "Kalkman HO", "abstract": "Depression is a major public health concern. Unfortunately, the present antidepressants often are insufficiently effective, whilst the discovery of more effective antidepressants has been extremely sluggish. The objective of this review was to combine the literature on depression with the pharmacology of antidepressant compounds, in order to formulate a conceivable pathophysiological process, allowing proposals how to accelerate the discovery process. Risk factors for depression initiate an infection-like inflammation in the brain that involves activation microglial Toll-like receptors and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). GSK3β activity alters the balance between two competing transcription factors, the pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative transcription factor NFκB and the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative transcription factor NRF2. The antidepressant activity of tricyclic antidepressants is assumed to involve activation of G-coupled microglial receptors, raising intracellular cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA and similar kinases inhibit the enzyme activity of GSK3β. Experimental antidepressant principles, including cannabinoid receptor-2 activation, opioid μ receptor agonists, 5HT2 agonists, valproate, ketamine and electrical stimulation of the Vagus nerve, all activate microglial pathways that result in GSK3β-inhibition. An in vitro screen for NRF2-activation in microglial cells with TLR-activated GSK3β activity, might therefore lead to the detection of totally novel antidepressant principles with, hopefully, an improved therapeutic efficacy.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "publication_date": "2023-03-06", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/biomedicines11030806", "pubmed_id": "36979785", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36979785/", "keywords": "5-HT2B, GS-coupled receptor, GSK3β, NRF2, cannabinoid CBR2, depression risk factor, ketamine, microglia, psilocybin, toll-like receptor", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36979785\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,In Vitro Study,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4834, "title": "How psychedelics spark neuronal growth", "normalized_title": "how psychedelics spark neuronal growth", "authors": "Shi En Kim", "abstract": "Psychedelics belong to a group of compounds called psychoplastogens, which can promote neuronal growth and restore atrophied connections in the brain. This ability makes the molecules promising as potential treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases such as chronic depression and addiction. In a new study, scientists have untangled the mechanism of how these compounds trigger the rewiring of the brain, providing a better understanding of why they differ from other neurochemicals that share the same binding targets ( Science 2023, DOI: 10.1126/science.adf0435 ). Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin and LSD bind to the seratonin 2A, or 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A ) receptor, an important G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that’s involved in cellular signaling. But so does serotonin, a commonplace, mood-regulating neurotransmitter. The lingering mystery is why serotonin doesn’t stimulate the same neuroplasticity effects that psychedelic compounds do. The new study has found the answer. “The location of the 5-HT2A receptor is", "journal": "C&EN Global Enterprise", "publication_date": "2023-03-05", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/cen-10108-scicon1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10108-scicon1", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Neurotransmitter, Serotonin, Receptor, Neuroplasticity, Glutamate receptor, Psychology, Addiction, 5-HT receptor, Neurotransmitter receptor, Molecular neuroscience, Mood, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Central nervous system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323321700\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323321700\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071105192\",\"display_name\":\"Shi En Kim\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210177211\",\"source_display_name\":\"C&EN Global Enterprise\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10108-scicon1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4323321700" }, { "id": 1453, "title": "Investigation of self-treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms: Findings from the Global Drug Survey 2020", "normalized_title": "investigation of self treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms findings from the global drug survey 2020", "authors": "Emma I Kopra, Jason Ferris, Adam Winstock, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Allan H. Young, James Rucker", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Growing numbers of people are using psychedelics for personal psychotherapy outside clinical settings, but research on such use is scarce. AIMS: This study investigated the patterns of use, self-reported outcomes and outcome predictors of psychedelic 'self-treatment' of mental health conditions or specific worries/concerns in life. METHODS: = 1368). The primary outcome of interest was the 17-item self-treatment outcome scale, items reflecting aspects of well-being, psychiatric symptoms, social-emotional skills, and health behaviours. RESULTS: Positive changes were observed across all 17 outcome items, with the strongest benefits on items related to insight and mood. Negative effects were reported by 22.5% of respondents. High intensity of psychedelic experience, seeking advice before treatment, treating with psilocybin mushrooms and treating post-traumatic stress disorder were associated with higher scores on the self-treatment outcome scale after averaging values across all 17 items. Younger age, high intensity of experience and treating with LSD were associated with increased number of negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study brings important insights into self-treatment practices with psychedelics in a large international sample. Outcomes were generally favourable, but negative effects appeared more frequent than in clinical settings. Our findings can help inform safe practices of psychedelic use in the community, and inspire clinical research. Future research can be improved with utilisation of prospective designs and additional predictive variables.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-03-05", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1177/02698811231158245", "pubmed_id": "36876583", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231158245", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Mood, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Mental health, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": 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I Kopra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-5393\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065722206\",\"display_name\":\"Jason Ferris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-0173\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067738102\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Winstock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-8015\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024651565\",\"display_name\":\"Kim P. C. Kuypers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058414502\",\"display_name\":\"Allan H. Young\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-6952\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231158245\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4323294129" }, { "id": 1538, "title": "Discovering the Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushrooms Antidepressant Activity: A Review.", "normalized_title": "discovering the potential mechanisms of medicinal mushrooms antidepressant activity a review", "authors": "Lazur J, Hnatyk K, Kała K, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Muszyńska B.", "abstract": "Major Depression Disease is a common mental illness that affects more than 322 million people worldwide and it is one of the leading causes of mental and physical disability. The etiology of depression is a complex interplay of psychological, social, and biological factors. Currently, psychopharmacotherapy is based mainly on the monoamine theory, which states that depression is caused by an insufficient level of monoamines such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine. Due to the relatively low efficacy of the typical antidepressant and the high prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (~30%), seeking new ways of prophylaxis, adjuvant therapy, or novel compounds with antidepressant activity, is a priority. According to studies that analyzed mushroom consumption patterns and depression prevalence, it was concluded that mushroom ingestion lowers the odds of depression. Medicinal mushrooms are considered functional foods because of their ability to synthesize and accumulate different types of metabolites, which enhance their health-promoting properties. The review aims to explain the antidepressant activity of edible/medicinal mushrooms by elucidating the mechanism from different perspectives: edible mushrooms as a source of serotonin precursors and psilocybin as a rapid-acting antidepressant. These compounds exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities that impact neurotrophin expression, the neurogenesis process, and influence on the gut-brain axis.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-03-01", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/antiox12030623", "pubmed_id": "36978872", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030623", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36978872\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neurogenesis,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4840, "title": "The Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Neural Activity: A Meta-Analysis of Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies", "normalized_title": "the effects of serotonergic psychedelics on neural activity a meta analysis of task based functional neuroimaging studies", "authors": "J. H. Shepherd, C.T.M. Baten, A. C. Klassen, G. Zamora, Sarah Saravia, Elizabeth Pritchard, Ziad A. Ali, S. K. Kahlon, Kyla Whitelock, F. A. Reyes, D. W. Hedges, J. Paul Hamilton, Matthew D. Sacchet, Chris H. Miller", "abstract": "Introduction Curiosity toward the effects of psychedelic drugs on neural activation has increased due to their potential therapeutic benefits, particularly serotonergic psychedelics that act as 5-HT2A receptor agonists such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA. However, the pattern of their effects on neural activity in various brain regions in both clinical and healthy populations is still not well understood, and primary studies addressing this issue have sometimes generated inconsistent results. Objectives The present meta-analysis aims to advance our understanding of the most widely used serotonergic psychedelics - LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA - by examining their effects on the functional activation throughout the whole brain among both clinical and healthy participants. Methods We conducted this meta-analysis by applying multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with ensemble thresholding to quantitatively combine existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that examined whole-brain functional activation of clinical or healthy participants who were administered a serotonergic psychedelic. Results Serotonergic psychedelics, including LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA, exhibited significant effects (α=0.05) on neural activation in several regions throughout the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, including effects that may be common across and unique within each drug. Conclusions These observed effects of serotonergic psychedelics on neural activity advance our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy associated with their administration and may inform future studies of both their adverse and therapeutic effects, including emerging clinical applications for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. Disclosure of Interest None Declared", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-02-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1948", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1948", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Psychology, MDMA, Neuroscience, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional neuroimaging, Hallucinogen, Neuroimaging, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385669097\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385669097\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069020734\",\"display_name\":\"J. H. Shepherd\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050056805\",\"display_name\":\"C.T.M. Baten\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-6438\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113603476\",\"display_name\":\"A. C. Klassen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054963393\",\"display_name\":\"G. Zamora\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075134919\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah Saravia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029707801\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Pritchard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-4378\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045551385\",\"display_name\":\"Ziad A. Ali\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-3197\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036107032\",\"display_name\":\"S. K. Kahlon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2244-5942\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060075188\",\"display_name\":\"Kyla Whitelock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-2197\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"F. A. Reyes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024345038\",\"display_name\":\"D. W. Hedges\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083117203\",\"display_name\":\"J. Paul Hamilton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-4659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101555176\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew D. Sacchet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-5237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008402159\",\"display_name\":\"Chris H. Miller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-6375\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1948\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Meta-Analysis,Healthy Volunteers,Toxicity", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385669097" }, { "id": 1546, "title": "Interaction of psychedelic tryptamine derivatives with a lipid bilayer.", "normalized_title": "interaction of psychedelic tryptamine derivatives with a lipid bilayer", "authors": "Zohairi F, Khandelia H, Hakami Zanjani AA", "abstract": "Naturally occurring psychedelics have been used for a long time as remedies or in religious ceremonies and recreational activities. Recent studies have proven the therapeutic potential of some psychedelic compounds to safely treat a wide range of diseases such as anxiety, depression, migraine, and addiction. It is hypothesized that psychedelic compounds like tryptamines can exert their effects by two possible mechanisms: binding to the transmembrane serotonin receptor and/or modifying the properties of the neuronal membrane that can alter the conformational equilibrium and desensitize receptors. The impact of three different tryptamine class compounds with a tertiary amine (dimethyltryptamine, bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT) in both neutral and charged forms on a model bilayer lipid membrane are studied using all-atom MD simulations. All compounds partition into the bilayer, and change membrane properties, but to different extents. We determine the tendency of compounds to partition into the membrane by free energy calculations. Neutral tryptamines partition into the bilayer almost completely. Dimethyltryptamine and 5-MeO-DMT cross the membrane spontaneously during the simulation time, but bufotenine does not, although it has the maximum effect on the structural properties of the membrane. However, protonated compounds partition partially into the bilayer and cannot pass through the middle of the membrane during the simulation time. In this way, subtle alteration of chemical structure can play a significant role in the improvement or deterioration of partitioning of these compounds into the bilayer and their passage across the membrane.", "journal": "Chemistry and physics of lipids", "publication_date": "2023-02-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105279", "pubmed_id": "36627076", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36627076/", "keywords": "5-MeO-DMT, Bufotenine, DMT, Lipid-compound interactions, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Psilocin, Psychedelic compounds, Serotonin, Tryptamine", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36627076\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1541, "title": "Psychedelische Therapie mit Psilocybin und Psychotherapie - Wo stehen wir?", "normalized_title": "psychedelische therapie mit psilocybin und psychotherapie wo stehen wir", "authors": "Anne Karow", "abstract": "Psychedelische Substanzen haben sich über die letzten Jahre überraschend zu neuen Hoffnungsträgern für eine Verbesserung des Therapieerfolgs in der Behandlung verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen entwickelt. Auslöser für die Renaissance psychedelischer Therapien waren nicht allein pharmakologische Innovationen der letzten Jahre, sondern auch eine steigende Ratlosigkeit angesichts unbefriedigender Therapieergebnisse und Nebenwirkungen in Langzeittherapien, insbesondere bei schweren und rezidivierenden depressiven Erkrankungen. Studien der letzten Jahre zeigten erste, vielversprechende Behandlungserfolge psychedelischer Therapien bei Depressionen, aber auch bei Angst- und Zwangserkrankungen, Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, sowie in der Verbesserung des psychischen Zustands bei terminalen somatischen Erkrankungen.", "journal": "PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie", "publication_date": "2023-02-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1055/a-2010-7640", "pubmed_id": "36944348", "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2010-7640", "keywords": "Gynecology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4328054033\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4328054033\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3162909048\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146113\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064873940\",\"display_name\":\"Anne Karow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-9799\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S174840595\",\"source_display_name\":\"PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2010-7640\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4328054033" }, { "id": 1537, "title": "The Effectiveness of Microdosed Psilocybin in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease: A Case Study", "normalized_title": "the effectiveness of microdosed psilocybin in the treatment of neuropsychiatric lyme disease a case study", "authors": "Daniel A Kinderlehrer", "abstract": "Lyme disease can result in severe neuropsychiatric symptoms that may be resistant to treatment. The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric Lyme disease is associated with autoimmune induced neuroinflammation. This case report describes an immunocompetent male with serologically positive neuropsychiatric Lyme disease who did not tolerate antimicrobial or psychotropic medications and whose symptoms remitted when he began psilocybin in microdosed (sub-hallucinogenic) amounts. A literature review of its therapeutic benefits reveals that psilocybin is both serotonergic and anti-inflammatory and therefore may offer significant therapeutic benefits to patients with mental illness secondary to autoimmune inflammation. The role of microdosed psilocybin in the treatment of neuropsychiatric Lyme disease and autoimmune encephalopathies warrants further study.", "journal": "International Medical Case Reports Journal", "publication_date": "2023-02-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.2147/imcrj.s395342", "pubmed_id": "36896410", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/imcrj.s395342", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Lyme disease, Disease, Hallucinogen, Serotonergic, Psychiatry, Immunology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323043191\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323043191\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1566249398\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967267265\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972781789\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976329785\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993369443\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995024953\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022999320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026933300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032527491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039115365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039683255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042071505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051486686\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068088142\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076423355\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076721603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085717273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093072785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119296895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122681831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153024216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158641372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165194033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284590407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2296909041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313430454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319976392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325020298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2331031361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402766225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2406423760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2512963850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746773235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774068836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789514954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888578239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897376838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921906874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938342597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951333628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981686921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981836355\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002125030\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004910645\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007673431\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081977832\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082721315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092438109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106554249\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134377893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191550608\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204019137\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209358220\",\"https://openalex.org/W3211842562\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213007658\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210913256\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251254106\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283070601\",\"https://openalex.org/W4286889056\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289518537\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319429759\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059314639\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel A Kinderlehrer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0595-6848\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2738884135\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Medical Case Reports Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2147/imcrj.s395342\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Review Article,Case Report,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4323043191" }, { "id": 1534, "title": "A Single Administration of Psilocybin Persistently Rescues Cognitive Deficits Caused by Adolescent Chronic Restraint Stress Without Long-Term Changes in Synaptic Protein Gene Expression in a Rat Experimental System with Translational Relevance to Depression", "normalized_title": "a single administration of psilocybin persistently rescues cognitive deficits caused by adolescent chronic restraint stress without long term changes in synaptic protein gene expression in a rat experimental system with translational relevance to depression", "authors": "Meghan Hibicke, Hannah M. Kramer, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Introduction: Psilocybin has shown long-lasting antidepressant effects in preclinical and clinical trials, but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. As both passive coping strategies and pattern separation deficits are characteristics of major depression, we used adult female rats subjected to adolescent chronic restraint stress (aCRS) to investigate the effects of psilocybin on forced swim test (FST) and object pattern separation (OPS) behaviors 5 weeks after a single administration. Methods: Adolescent rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups-not restrained/saline, not restrained/psilocybin, restrained/saline, and restrained/psilocybin. Restrained group rats were restrained for 1 h daily from day 1 through day 14. Saline and psilocybin were administered on day 21, OPS was evaluated on days 51-55, forced swim behavior was evaluated on day 57 or 58, and animals were sacrificed on day 63. Brains were removed and the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal dentate gyrus, dorsal CA3 hippocampal area, and ventral hippocampus were microdissected out and prepared for mRNA analysis of a panel of genes relevant to synaptic plasticity using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Psilocybin rescued cognitive function in aCRS rats in both assays, but did not affect either measure in nonstressed rats. Immobility in the FST was correlated with impaired discrimination ability in the OPS. No differences in mRNA expression for a panel of genes related to structural synaptic proteins were observed between groups, although stress was a significant contributor to variability of the gene for glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 ( Grm2 ) in two hippocampal regions. Conclusions: Our data indicate that aCRS and OPS represent a powerful system with translational relevance to study depression, and that a single treatment with psilocybin has long-lasting antidepressant-like effects without long-term alterations of mRNA related to synaptic density in brain areas relevant to depression.", "journal": "Psychedelic Medicine", "publication_date": "2023-02-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1089/psymed.2022.0012", "pubmed_id": "40047006", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2022.0012", "keywords": "Neuroscience, Cognition, Psilocybin, Psychology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4323041020\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":25,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W496281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1483755689\",\"https://openalex.org/W1504181864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1558137567\",\"https://openalex.org/W1653678085\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965558640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972928390\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976729520\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977694851\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983399941\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988474369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001243727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005354224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011204842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012438895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020371486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034861313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039108005\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042404539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046365217\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048740604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050123488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055096975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057200138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063719286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064148637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074897360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082068743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082305818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085758661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089299823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092869092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105520948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109718163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131360673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132158939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137978956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146316688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147109950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160115379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162661740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163709008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165107373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2212064423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319857727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398800790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400665110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581621059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596554562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596798372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2614237850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742985209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759625724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802678418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805248302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883934266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888139965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890187437\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933363539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2967602434\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009608926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010604170\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035142336\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105750152\",\"https://openalex.org/W3111109377\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128197953\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165684389\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166424032\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197859851\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210974819\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213145592\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281869157\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282963889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283700520\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283718372\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054801512\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah M. Kramer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387284413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychedelic Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2022.0012\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Adolescents,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4323041020" }, { "id": 1406, "title": "Persons With Spinal Cord Injury Report Peripherally Dominant Serotonin-Like Syndrome After Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics", "normalized_title": "persons with spinal cord injury report peripherally dominant serotonin like syndrome after use of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Stephanie Karzon Abrams, Brenden Samuel Rabinovitch, Rayyan Zafar, Aly Shah Aziz, Nicholas P. Cherup, David W. McMillan, Jessica L. Nielson, Evan Lewis", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may treat various mental health conditions. Despite its promising therapeutic signal across mental health outcomes, less attention is paid on its potential to provide therapeutic benefits across complex medical situations within rehabilitation medicine. Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a high prevalence of treatment-resistant mental health comorbidities that compound the extent of their physical disability. Reports from online discussion forums suggest that those living with SCI are using psychedelics, though the motivation for their use is unknown. These anecdotal reports describe a consistent phenomenon of neuromuscular and autonomic hypersensitivity to classical serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Persons describe intense muscle spasms, sweating, and tremors, with an eventual return to baseline and no reports of worsening of their baseline neurological deficits. The discomfort experienced interferes with the subjective beneficial effects self-reported. This phenomenon has not been described previously in the academic literature. We aim to provide a descriptive review and explanatory theoretical framework hypothesizing this phenomenon as a peripherally dominant serotonin syndrome-like clinical picture-that should be considered as such when persons with SCI are exposed to classical psychedelics. Raising awareness of this syndrome may help our mechanistic understanding of serotonergic psychedelics and stimulate development of treatment protocols permitting persons with SCI to safely tolerate their adverse effects. As PAT transitions from research trials into accepted clinical and decriminalized use, efforts must be made from a harm reduction perspective to understand these adverse events, while also serving as an informed consent process aid if such therapeutic approaches are to be considered for use in persons living with SCI.", "journal": "Neurotrauma Reports", "publication_date": "2023-02-28", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1089/neur.2023.0022", "pubmed_id": "37636336", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2023.0022", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Psychology, Spinal cord injury, Medicine, Psychiatry, Adverse effect, Serotonin syndrome, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Spinal cord, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385989785\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4385989785\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W948082336\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974033774\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984713462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011329819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024144775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031280190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053375881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107352769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135711288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147546041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147625857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155584091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279073929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508535503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2583349185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592059022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621617957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900168537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900450305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901692754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944814016\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005820732\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010305229\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015803087\",\"https://openalex.org/W3032330412\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089963842\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158070071\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206191914\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281479472\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4383186683\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108858006\",\"display_name\":\"Stephanie Karzon Abrams\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023346131\",\"display_name\":\"Brenden Samuel Rabinovitch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4347-7688\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030356455\",\"display_name\":\"Rayyan Zafar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-1026\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090086960\",\"display_name\":\"Aly Shah Aziz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056701766\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas P. Cherup\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-3863\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067225416\",\"display_name\":\"David W. McMillan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-5656\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086634784\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Nielson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-3959\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063250140\",\"display_name\":\"Evan Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-150X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210240438\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neurotrauma Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2023.0022\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385989785" }, { "id": 1553, "title": "Effect of psilocybin on decision-making and motivation in the healthy rat.", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin on decision making and motivation in the healthy rat", "authors": "飯倉 洋治, 馬場 實, 三河 春樹, 西間 三馨, 前田 和一, 赤坂 徹, 正木 拓朗, 有田 昌彦", "abstract": "Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin are hallucinogenic serotonergic agonists with high affinity for several serotonin receptors. In addition to underlying the hallucinogenic effects of these compounds, serotonin receptor activation also has important effects on decision-making and goal-directed behaviors. The impact of psilocybin and psilocin on these cognitive systems, however, remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of psilocybin treatment on decision-making and motivation in healthy male and female rats. We compared probability and delay discounting performance of psilocybin treated (1 mg/kg) to vehicle rats (n = 10/sex/group), and further assessed motivation in each group using a progressive ratio task. We also confirmed drug action by assessing head twitch responses after psilocybin treatment (1 mg/kg). Results from this study demonstrated that exposure to 1 mg/kg psilocybin did not affect decision-making in the probability and delay discounting tasks and did not reduce response rates in the progressive ratio task. However, psilocybin treatment did cause the expected increase in head twitch responses in both male and female rats, demonstrating that the drug was delivered at a pharmacologically relevant dosage. Combined, these results suggest that psilocybin may not impair or improve decision-making and motivation. Considering recent interest in psilocybin as a potential fast-acting therapeutic for a variety of mental health disorders, our findings also suggest the therapeutic effects of this drug may not be mediated by changes to the brain systems underlying reward and decision-making. Finally, these results may have important implications regarding the relative safety of this compound, suggesting that widespread cognitive impairments may not be seen in subjects, even after chronic treatment.", "journal": "PubMed", "publication_date": "2023-02-24", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114262", "pubmed_id": "36529299", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36529299", "keywords": "Ketotifen, Medicine, Internal medicine, Asthma, Military Technology and Strategies, Legal and Regulatory Analysis, Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W36529299\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W36529299\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022257201\",\"display_name\":\"飯倉 洋治\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085169588\",\"display_name\":\"馬場 實\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027984471\",\"display_name\":\"三河 春樹\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057467696\",\"display_name\":\"西間 三馨\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062302446\",\"display_name\":\"前田 和一\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072543795\",\"display_name\":\"赤坂 徹\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018845972\",\"display_name\":\"正木 拓朗\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037970070\",\"display_name\":\"有田 昌彦\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306525036\",\"source_display_name\":\"PubMed\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36529299\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W36529299" }, { "id": 4846, "title": "Psychedelic Renaissance: Clinical Health Justice, Patient Safety, and Equity Need to Be Put First", "normalized_title": "psychedelic renaissance clinical health justice patient safety and equity need to be put first", "authors": "Jacques Ambrose, J.S. Zabinski", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessPsychedelic Renaissance: Clinical Health Justice, Patient Safety, and Equity Need to Be Put FirstJacques Ambrose, M.D., M.P.H., Jeffrey Zabinski, M.D., M.S.W.Jacques AmbroseSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.P.H., Jeffrey ZabinskiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.S.W.Published Online:16 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.43AbstractWith the impending FDA review of the phase 3 data for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD, experts reflect on ethical considerations, appropriate use, and access.The groundswell of interest in psychedelics in psychiatry, medicine broadly, and in popular culture continues without a peak in sight.Though the term “psychedelic” was coined in the 20th century, these compounds have an extensive history of use by Indigenous peoples, often related to traditional or ceremonial use.There are many overlapping terms and substances with different mechanisms often referred to as producing a psychedelic effect, though “classic psychedelic” refers primarily to serotonin 2A receptor agonists such as psilocybin, DMT, and LSD. Research is progressing rapidly, with phase 3 trials and FDA approval on the horizon in the next few years. An incredibly diverse array of psychiatric disorders are the targets of investigation, with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD and psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression at the leading edge for likely indications for approval. There is a clear necessity, a fortiori, to critically explore the diverse ethical and practical issues surrounding psychedelic research and the impact of their progression and potential clinical implementation.With the impending FDA review of the phase 3 data for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD, we must urgently and proactively reflect on ethical considerations, appropriate use, and access. William R. Smith, M.D., Ph.D., and Paul Appelbaum, M.D., in a review posted September 15, 2022, in Neuropharmacology identified key challenges about novel ethical and policy issues related to psychedelics, including informed consent, underground use, commercialization, and questions around regulation and legalization. Major hurdles are ahead, such as the legal reclassification and rescheduling of psychedelic compounds, appropriate patient screening, minimizing risks in real-world practice, and ensuring that the barriers to access do not prevent the most at-risk patients from getting care.We must temper the zeal for the potential of these compounds with the reality of clinical evidence. Currently, there already existed questionable practices in pseudo-therapeutic spaces to lure the well-intentioned but desperate and vulnerable patients; with tremendous and seductive promises of psychedelics, it is highly likely that underground utilization of psychedelic compounds will grow. Many startups and biomedical clinics, often purporting ketamine treatment as a model, are financially profiting from this enthusiasm-bringing a marketing blitz that is reminiscent of the false expectations that portended the opiate crisis. As physicians and stewards of sound science, we must not let our desperation for novel therapeutics cloud our better judgment when the clinical evidence base is still incomplete.Relating to the possibility or eventuality that evidence-based psychedelic treatments become FDA-approved, we must recognize the inherent training gap, which will limit rapid practical implementations for needed patients. Furthermore, there will also be a need for an extended interdisciplinary team model for treatment in order to properly scale the treatments. Without the involvement of the interdisciplinary team, an individual psychiatrist would be challenged to be able to provide care at a sufficient volume to meet the anticipated treatment needs. In addition, appropriate credentialing and the minimum required skills for consistency and effective psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy have not been well-established. There have been a few efforts at developing guidelines, credentials, and training requirements. However, while a treatment is yet to be formally approved, numerous interim programs that purport to teach psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy have appeared. Psychiatrists and other therapists are paying huge sums to obtain training, such as taking certificate courses and going on group retreats; there have been online reports of implicit expectations for training participants to use psychedelic substances to better improve insights into the patient experience. In the clinical health justice and equity lens, minoritized populations, such as ethnoracial minorities and Indigenous cultures, have historically not been included in research on novel treatments and also have been denied access to such treatments. For example, how can psychiatrists better be prepared to avoid cultural appropriations of Indigenous practices, manage burdensome insurance authorization, and expand access to rural and underserved communities? In addition, how do we balance the sensitive neurodevelopment of the pediatric populations in the ethical research of psychedelics and their use in treatment?Undoubtedly, there will be no simple solution. Similar to clozapine and esketamine, a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program may be needed to provide oversight and improve standardization of risk monitoring. In access and equity, psychiatrists should continue to organize, advocate, and discuss with their legislators at the state and federal levels. Oregon is possibly an example of a test case of regulated use of psychedelics in service centers with licensed facilitators.We must be mindful of the risks of unsubstantiated practices without an evidence base that can sometimes cross into the harmful or unethical. As we navigate this era of great promise for psychedelic therapeutics, our duty to our patients requires a thoughtful, equity-driven, and evidence-based approach. ■Resources“Novel Ethical and Policy Issues In Psychiatric Uses of Psychedelic Substances”Jacques Ambrose, M.D., M.P.H., is the senior medical director at Columbia University Medical Center and an assistant professor of psychiatry at Columbia Vagelos School of Medicine.Jeffrey Zabinski, M.D., M.S.W., is an assistant professor of psychiatry at Columbia Vagelos School of Medicine ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2023-02-15", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.43", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.43", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Psychology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321033113\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321033113\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081533981\",\"display_name\":\"Jacques Ambrose\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048082802\",\"display_name\":\"J.S. Zabinski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-6787\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.43\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4321033113" }, { "id": 4845, "title": "Psychedelics Legislation Gains Momentum", "normalized_title": "psychedelics legislation gains momentum", "authors": "Terri D’Arrigo", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Government & LegalFull AccessPsychedelics Legislation Gains MomentumTerri D'ArrigoTerri D'ArrigoSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:16 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.4AbstractBills that would decriminalize the use of psychedelics are popping up faster than magic mushrooms, but the field of psychedelics research has yet to yield supporting evidence about their safety and efficacy.Legislative reform regarding psychedelics is gaining ground, a study in JAMA Psychiatry has found. From January 1, 2019, to September 28, 2022, 25 states considered 74 bills that proposed to reform existing laws restricting access to psychedelic drugs or proposed further research into reform legislation, and 10 of those bills had been signed into law by seven states.The vast majority of the bills-90%-specifically referred to psilocybin, and 36% of the bills also included 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA). Less than 20% of the bills included peyote/mescaline, ibogaine, LSD, and/or DMT/ayahuasca.Among all bills, 58% proposed decriminalization and 42% proposed policy research to explore paths to decriminalization. The focus of those that proposed decriminalization varied widely, as follows:51% called for legalization of possession of at least one psychedelic drug for therapeutic or recreational purposes.35% indicated that some training or licensure would be provided to prescribe psychedelics or to provide psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.23% mandated that access to psychedelics be restricted to some medical environment, such as a registered treatment center.12% explicitly mandated physician involvement in prescribing psychedelics or making qualifying diagnoses.There needs to be a public conversation about how to incorporate psychedelics into American society, says Joshua S. Siegel, M.D., Ph.D.Washington University School of Medicine“As the analysis results came in, I don’t think any of us were expecting the sheer heterogeneity of bills being considered, and that a majority of decriminalization bills did not call for medical oversight or licensure,” said lead author Joshua S. Siegel, M.D., Ph.D., a neuroscientist and psychiatrist at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “I think there needs to be a public conversation-not necessarily led by the Food and Drug Administration, Drug Enforcement Administration, or the corporations looking to get rich from psychedelics-about how we want to incorporate these drugs into American society.”Psychiatrists should explain that psychedelics are promising but almost exclusively investigational at this time, says Jonathan E. Alpert, M.D., Ph.D.Jonathan E. Alpert, M.D., Ph.D., chair of APA’s Council on Research, expressed concern that such a small proportion of bills would require training or licensure for psychedelic prescribing and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy or mandate physician involvement.“We don’t have a lot of knowledge about the risks and safety of psychedelics use, any drug interactions they may have, or their long-term effects, particularly in those who might be vulnerable to their effects by virtue of having a family history or prior symptoms of psychotic disorders,” said Alpert, who was not involved with the study. He is the Dorothy and Marty Silverman University Chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.“From the perspective of state legislatures and the ballot box, the idea of decriminalization is one thing. It is within the purview of states to make those decisions. But there is already an appropriate framework in place for decisions about the therapeutic use of psychedelics or other substances,” Alpert added, referring to the FDA’s pathway for approval. “If we really care about their potential for therapeutic benefit, short-circuiting the process doesn’t serve that goal.”Alpert’s sentiments echo those of an APA position statement he coauthored on the use of psychedelic and empathogenic agents for mental health conditions. The position statement, released last year, is explicit about the Association’s stance: “There is currently inadequate scientific evidence for endorsing the use of psychedelics to treat any psychiatric disorder except within the context of approved investigational studies. APA supports continued research and therapeutic discovery into psychedelic agents with the same scientific integrity and regulatory standards applied to other promising therapies in medicine. Clinical treatments should be determined by scientific evidence in accordance with applicable regulatory standards and not by ballot initiatives or popular opinion.”The authors of the JAMA Psychiatry study wrote that although the proposed laws differ considerably, all of them, directly or indirectly, contradicted or sidestepped the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970.The majority of the proposed laws involving psychedelics do not align with current federal drug policy, says James E. Daily, J.D., M.S.“Some of the proposed bills that we studied are narrow enough that they do not directly contradict the federal Controlled Substances Act. For example, some of the bills only go as far as calling for a policy study and would not directly legalize or decriminalize these drugs,” study researcher James E. Daily, J.D., M.S., told Psychiatric News. He is a researcher, lecturer, and data scientist at the Center for Empirical Research in the Law at Washington University in St. Louis. “But those bills tend to at least contemplate future decriminalization or legalization. It is safe to say that a substantial majority of these proposed state laws either directly contradict the CSA or are at least not in alignment with current federal drug policy.”Alpert noted that legislative reform regarding cannabis followed a similar pattern.“Things unfolded fairly quickly, and it caused a lot of confusion with respect to the differences between decriminalization, legalization for medical use, legalization for recreational use, [FDA] approval for treating recognized medical conditions, and Drug Enforcement Administration scheduling.”To that end, psychiatrists should be prepared to answer their patients’ questions about psychedelics, said Alpert.“It’s critical for psychiatrists to talk with patients about the current status of psychedelic drugs as promising therapies that at this time are almost exclusively investigational and need to be subjected to the same rigorous study and regulatory approvals as other drug therapies,” Alpert said.As Psychiatric News went to press, at least five states had introduced new bills regarding psychedelics since January 1.This study was supported by the Taylor Family Institute Fund for Innovative Psychiatric Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. ■Resources“Psychedelic Drug Legislative Reform and Legalization in the U.S.”“Position Statement on the Use of Psychedelic and Empathogenic Agents for Mental Health Conditions” ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2023-02-15", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.4", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.4", "keywords": "Decriminalization, Mescaline, Psilocybin, Legislation, Hallucinogen, Possession (linguistics), Ayahuasca, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Law, Political science, Medicine, Psychiatry, Sociology, Linguistics, Receptor, Anthropology, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321017755\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321017755\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056763663\",\"display_name\":\"Terri D’Arrigo\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.4\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4321017755" }, { "id": 4844, "title": "Psychedelics for the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's disease", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of alzheimer s disease", "authors": "Ashish Sarangi, Omotola Akinkunmi", "abstract": "", "journal": "American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-02-15", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.201", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.201", "keywords": "Apathy, Dementia, Disease, Anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Psychiatry, Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Psychology, Antidepressant, Medicine, Clinical trial, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Economics, Macroeconomics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321014012\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321014012\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024120295\",\"display_name\":\"Ashish Sarangi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-4006\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061988104\",\"display_name\":\"Omotola Akinkunmi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S182891740\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.201\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4321014012" }, { "id": 1556, "title": "Rearing behaviour in the mouse behavioural pattern monitor distinguishes the effects of psychedelics from those of lisuride and TBG", "normalized_title": "rearing behaviour in the mouse behavioural pattern monitor distinguishes the effects of psychedelics from those of lisuride and tbg", "authors": "Yahong Chen, Junhong Liu, Yishan Yao, Haitao Yan, Ruibin Su", "abstract": "Psychedelics alter consciousness and may have potential for drug development. As psychedelics are likely therapeutically active, it is important to study their effects and mechanisms using preclinical models. Here, we examined the effects of phenylalkylamine and indoleamine psychedelics on locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour using the mouse Behavioural Pattern Monitor (BPM). DOM, mescaline, and psilocin reduced locomotor activity at high doses and influenced rearings, an exploratory behaviour, in a characteristic inverted U-shaped dose-response function. Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2A antagonist M100907 reversed the drug-induced alterations in locomotor activity, rearings, and jumps after systemic administration of DOM at low doses. However, holepoking at the full range of doses tested was not blocked by M100907. Administration of the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonist 25CN-NBOH induced striking similarities in response to that to psychedelics; these alterations were significantly diminished by M100907, whereas the putatively non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonist TBG did not affect locomotor activity, rearings, or jumps at the most effective doses. The nonhallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonist lisuride failed to increase rearing. The results of these experiments provide strong evidence that DOM-elicited increases in rearing are due to mediation by the 5-HT2A receptor. Finally, discriminant analysis was able to distinguish all four psychedelics from lisuride and TBG based on behavioural performance alone. Thus, increased rearing in mice could provide additional evidence of behavioural differences between hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-02-15", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2023.1021729", "pubmed_id": "36874002", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1021729", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Lisuride, Locomotor activity, Agonist, Pharmacology, Partial agonist, Chemistry, Serotonin, Metergoline, Psychology, Receptor, 5-HT receptor, Medicine, Biochemistry, Dopamine agonist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321088596\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4321088596\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1897360186\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969887276\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975911018\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979676351\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981768163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983664386\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988810162\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989745218\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996342974\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996657079\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998592627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000129674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000843844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008184625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009797032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022909733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029985373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030881467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032212320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039534965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040554494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044852143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046389275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046496042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048256430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053472601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056398440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059076739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063194215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063809328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068678723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074270863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075390507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076831155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081430994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082314288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091608595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092058060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094286017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106588896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108503101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117093911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123915391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147379823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159202946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163263966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2421302610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760207472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793877036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003581149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049084447\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164900028\",\"https://openalex.org/W3186232511\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226165145\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234277886\",\"https://openalex.org/W6717874160\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101630515\",\"display_name\":\"Yahong Chen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-4491\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000835247\",\"display_name\":\"Junhong Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-7601\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043861769\",\"display_name\":\"Yishan Yao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-1688\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107117816\",\"display_name\":\"Haitao Yan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2900-6179\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108315379\",\"display_name\":\"Ruibin Su\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1021729\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4321088596" }, { "id": 1560, "title": "Examining associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and impairments in social functioning in a U.S. adult sample", "normalized_title": "examining associations between mdma ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and impairments in social functioning in a u s adult sample", "authors": "Grant Jones, Joshua Lipson, Erica Wang", "abstract": "Impairment in social functioning is a common source of morbidity across many mental health disorders, yet there is a dearth of effective and easily implemented interventions to support social functioning. MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, peyote, mescaline) represent two potential treatments for impairments in social functioning, as evidence suggests these compounds may be supportive for alleviating social difficulties. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019) (N = 214,505), we used survey-weighted multivariable ordinal and logistic regression to examine the associations between lifetime use of the aforementioned compounds and impairments in social functioning in the past year. Lifetime MDMA/ecstasy use was associated with lowered odds of three of our four social impairment outcomes: difficulty dealing with strangers (aOR 0.92), difficulty participating in social activities (aOR 0.90), and being prevented from participating in social activities (aOR 0.84). Lifetime mescaline use was also associated with lowered odds of difficulty dealing with strangers (aOR 0.85). All other substances either shared no relationship with impairments in social functioning or conferred increased odds of our outcomes. Future experimental studies can assess whether these relationships are causal.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2023-02-10", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-29763-x", "pubmed_id": "36774449", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29763-x", "keywords": "Ecstasy, MDMA, Psychology, Social functioning, Sample (material), Hallucinogen, Psychoactive substance, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Chromatography, Chemistry, Distress, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": 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Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-310X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044984661\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua Lipson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-2049\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011643664\",\"display_name\":\"Erica Wang\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29763-x\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4320040225" }, { "id": 4852, "title": "Plant Medicine Healing! Discovering the Roots of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Mental Health", "normalized_title": "plant medicine healing discovering the roots of psychedelic assisted therapy in mental health", "authors": "Jennings Hernandez", "abstract": "Roughly over 700 million individuals suffer from a mental illness globally. In the United States alone, over 45 million individuals are afflicted with a mental disorder at any given point in their lives. It is because of this that new methods of current therapies should be considered. To date, major depression disorder (MAD), anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). While current treatment shows some effectiveness, there are many negative and unfavorable side effects in addition to effectiveness being short in duration. Currently, researchers have discovered the substantial benefits of utilizing psychedelic drugs under a controlled environment. Research has demonstrated favorable outcomes in the use of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) to treat many of these mental health disorders. PAP is the supervised use of psychedelic drugs such as MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, and Ketamine by psychiatrists to patients as part of psychotherapy. Under supervision, patients ingest a psychedelic drug consisting as part of the psychotherapeutic process. Combined with talk therapy, patients are observed for a therapeutic reaction. The three mental disorders that will be highlighted in this paper include MAD, anxiety, and PTSD. The psychedelic drugs featured in this paper include psilocybin, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ayahuasca, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Naturalistic psychedelic use demonstrates to have astounding and fast results in mental health disorders. A cross-sectional online survey-based study conducted confirms these findings in a cohort of psychedelic users with mental health disorders. The goal of this study is to shed light on the new and alternative treatment modalities to treat mental health illnesses. Psychedelics are the new promise to the field of psychiatry and that spark of promise falls under the umbrella of psychedelic drugs. Psychedelics serve as new tools for curtailing psychotherapy.", "journal": "Advances in Research", "publication_date": "2023-01-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.9734/air/2023/v24i1931", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2023/v24i1931", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mental health, Anxiety, MDMA, Psychiatry, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4318591507\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4318591507\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1852883319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2785254539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787492022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913227533\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125143320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203095924\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007952639\",\"display_name\":\"Jennings Hernandez\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210235277\",\"source_display_name\":\"Advances in Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2023/v24i1931\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4318591507" }, { "id": 3695, "title": "SV2A Marker of Synaptogenesis in a Clinical Trial of Psilocybin for Depression", "normalized_title": "sv2a marker of synaptogenesis in a clinical trial of psilocybin for depression", "authors": "Washington University School of Medicine", "abstract": "Participants with depression will be given a single dose of psilocybin and supportive psychotherapy before, during, and after drug administration. Participants will undergo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging before and one week after psilocybin using a marker of synaptic density. This design allows us to assess the relationship between neurotrophic, and antidepressant effects produced by psilocybin. The investigators are studying the neurotrophic effects of psilocybin using 11C-UCB-J, a PET marker for synaptogenesis. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic and exerts perceptual effects via 5-HT2A receptor agonism. Psilocybin has gained a great deal of attention as a tool for psychiatric treatment, with clinical trials demonstrating symptom relief after a single dose that is immediate and persists for months. Recognizing the therapeutic potential of psilocybin, the US Food and Drug Administration granted breakthrough therapy status to the Usona Institute for Phase 2 testing of psilocybin in depression. Animal models suggest that psychedelics exert antidepressant effects by producing a rapid and powerful neurotrophic response in the brain. The investigators will enroll patients with major depressive disorder and anhedonia. Participants will be given a single dose of psilocybin and supportive psychotherapy before, during, and after drug administration. Participants will undergo PET imaging before and one week after drug using 11C-UCB-J, a radiotracer that binds to SV2A - a marker of synaptic density and synaptogenesis. This design allows the investigators to assess the relationship between neurotrophic, and antidepressant effects produced by psilocybin.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2023-01-29", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05601648", "keywords": "Major Depressive Disorder, Anhedonia, Psilocybin, WITHDRAWN", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05601648\",\"overall_status\":\"WITHDRAWN\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1513, "title": "Optimizing outcomes in psilocybin therapy: Considerations in participant evaluation and preparation", "normalized_title": "optimizing outcomes in psilocybin therapy considerations in participant evaluation and preparation", "authors": "Nadav Liam Modlin, Tammy M. Miller, James Rucker, Namik Kirlić, Molly Lennard-Jones, Danielle Schlosser, Scott T. Aaronson", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Affective Disorders", "publication_date": "2023-01-24", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.077", "pubmed_id": "36707036", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.077", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Intrapersonal communication, Psychology, Psychiatry, Interpersonal communication, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Population, Irritability, Mental health, Anxiety, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Social psychology, Environmental health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4318393298\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4318393298\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":30,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1723026158\",\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1923793693\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967136187\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968034907\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973128864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973159960\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976185864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993929703\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999696094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004632618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007748712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015114767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018338193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044661514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058841530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062427232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067271431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082690726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085747320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088864483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091057965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102574209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140621762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149697128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279233149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2298858904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418588283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2469404856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515189678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2716623847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2831064708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886232664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896003347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903884088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905476568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921369188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2925851520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955094365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002054708\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003216060\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049156731\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118498264\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120808565\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127909847\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183684219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3185895446\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198693176\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205701940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211130665\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224255728\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235772248\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294667223\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307987398\",\"https://openalex.org/W6720119310\",\"https://openalex.org/W6724690120\",\"https://openalex.org/W6756842403\",\"https://openalex.org/W6773030035\",\"https://openalex.org/W6789129828\",\"https://openalex.org/W6803199658\",\"https://openalex.org/W7075690435\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037169539\",\"display_name\":\"Nadav Liam Modlin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-4354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048727119\",\"display_name\":\"Tammy M. Miller\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078220787\",\"display_name\":\"Namik Kirlić\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-8774\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033335673\",\"display_name\":\"Molly Lennard-Jones\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079480008\",\"display_name\":\"Danielle Schlosser\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-0924\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064457148\",\"display_name\":\"Scott T. Aaronson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-8801\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S113871862\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Affective Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.077\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4318393298" }, { "id": 1574, "title": "Classic psychedelics do not affect T cell and monocyte immune responses", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics do not affect t cell and monocyte immune responses", "authors": "Deborah Rudin, Alexander Areesanan, Matthias E. Liechti, Carsten Gründemann", "abstract": "Introduction Classic psychedelics have been shown to exert therapeutic potential for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, neuropsychiatric diseases, and neuronal damage. Besides their psychopharmacological activity, psychedelics have been reported to modulate immune functions. There has thus far been a sparse exploration of the direct immune-modulating effect of psychedelics on human immune cells in vitro. Since T cells are key mediators of several immune functions, inhibition of their function would increase the risk of infections. Methods We investigated the effect of the classic psychedelics lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocin, N,N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and mescaline on the proliferation and stimulated cytokine release of primary human T lymphocytes and on the stimulated NF-κB induction of monocytes. Results We did not observe any relevant direct immune-modulatory effects of the tested classic psychedelics in either cell line. Discussion We concluded that LSD, psilocin, DMT, or mescaline did not directly stimulate the proliferation or cytokine secretion of primary human T lymphocytes or stimulate NF-κB induction of monocytes. Our findings support the future safe use of classic psychedelics in assisted psychotherapy in patients with life-threatening diseases where immune suppression and diminished immune function would be detrimental.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2023-01-19", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1042440", "pubmed_id": "36741125", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1042440", "keywords": "Mescaline, Immune system, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Cytokine, In vitro, Monocyte, Immunology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Biology, Serotonin, Biochemistry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4317631458\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4317631458\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W146561993\",\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1496381585\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522923028\",\"https://openalex.org/W1846893386\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965892713\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987628377\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989219560\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992914052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003158576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028503965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037537269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042799870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054079456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085099489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114587449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127310510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134907178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139646905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146578632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150318509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169756376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335184277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2499216663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2512736946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610932550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620039640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790184875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801032953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805248302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912663500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927237494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938595859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031683123\",\"https://openalex.org/W3080361799\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087691881\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092438109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135111051\",\"https://openalex.org/W3170563218\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200244347\",\"https://openalex.org/W4207030820\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4289316208\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308925280\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638707467\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013388478\",\"display_name\":\"Deborah Rudin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-9732\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069327330\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Areesanan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013347788\",\"display_name\":\"Carsten Gründemann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-0342\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1042440\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "End-of-Life Distress,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study,Safety,Immune Function", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4317631458" }, { "id": 4856, "title": "Therapeutic potential of psilocybin: a promising agent in treating major depressive disorder", "normalized_title": "therapeutic potential of psilocybin a promising agent in treating major depressive disorder", "authors": "Dragana Marković, Eleonora Čapelja", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a serious mental disorder and ranks first among psychiatric disorders that dominate the global disease burden. Recently, it was found that psilocybin, active compound derived from psychotropic mushrooms, can relieve depression symptoms rapidly and sustained benefits for several months. Beside MDD, psilocybin can alleviate symptoms of anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the human body, psilocybin is dephosphorylated to form its active metabolite, psilocin which exhibits its effect through binding to various serotonin receptors. Is is considered relatively safe and can potentially meet the therapeutic needs without addictiveness and overdose risk. Although psilocybin has great potential in treating MDD and other psychological disorders, many studies so far lack homogeneity in their methodology, which limits conclusions. Further studies are needed in more extensive and diverse populations.", "journal": "AIDASCO Reviews", "publication_date": "2023-01-16", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.59783/aire.2023.15", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.59783/aire.2023.15", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Major depressive disorder, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Depression (economics), Medicine, Cognition, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406142619\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4406142619\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077364302\",\"display_name\":\"Dragana Marković\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-8505\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031710024\",\"display_name\":\"Eleonora Čapelja\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-7767\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387290105\",\"source_display_name\":\"AIDASCO Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.59783/aire.2023.15\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406142619" }, { "id": 1569, "title": "5-HT2ARs Mediate Therapeutic Behavioral Effects of Psychedelic Tryptamines", "normalized_title": "5 ht2ars mediate therapeutic behavioral effects of psychedelic tryptamines", "authors": "Lindsay P. Cameron, Seona D. Patel, Maxemiliano V. Vargas, Eden V. Barragan, Hannah N. Saeger, Hunter T. Warren, Winston L. Chow, J.A. Gray, David E. Olson", "abstract": "Psychedelic compounds have displayed antidepressant potential in both humans and rodents. Despite their promise, psychedelics can induce undesired effects that pose safety concerns and limit their clinical scalability. The rational development of optimized psychedelic-related medicines will require a full mechanistic understanding of how these molecules produce therapeutic effects. While the hallucinogenic properties of psychedelics are generally attributed to activation of serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs), it is currently unclear if these receptors also mediate their antidepressant effects as several nonhallucinogenic analogues of psychedelics with antidepressant-like properties have been developed. Moreover, many psychedelics exhibit promiscuous pharmacology, making it challenging to identify their primary therapeutic target(s). Here, we use a combination of pharmacological and genetic tools to demonstrate that activation of 5-HT2A receptors is essential for tryptamine-based psychedelics to produce antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Our results suggest that psychedelic tryptamines can induce hallucinogenic and therapeutic effects through activation of the same receptor.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2023-01-10", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00718", "pubmed_id": "36630260", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00718", "keywords": "Tryptamines, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Tryptamine, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Receptor, Neuroscience, Psychology, Chemistry, Medicine, Biochemistry, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4315620747\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":112,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1952614381\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987605932\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066347174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078530990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126900649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291443053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2308910221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607000919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788172302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002940062\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086471578\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108229983\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121381676\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157088173\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162130219\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203928800\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200055187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206759226\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220804493\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224254727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224861883\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297497355\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308146982\",\"https://openalex.org/W4308304334\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362596352\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056087421\",\"display_name\":\"Lindsay P. Cameron\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-7898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026892753\",\"display_name\":\"Seona D. Patel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-4533\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045215746\",\"display_name\":\"Maxemiliano V. Vargas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-1896\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000903088\",\"display_name\":\"Eden V. Barragan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-9804\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062641627\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah N. Saeger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-5547\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060658856\",\"display_name\":\"Hunter T. Warren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6195-6722\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079944190\",\"display_name\":\"Winston L. Chow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-2140\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102947423\",\"display_name\":\"J.A. Gray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7287-0748\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051474045\",\"display_name\":\"David E. Olson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-0543\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00718\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4315620747" }, { "id": 1516, "title": "Are psychedelics the answer to chronic pain: A review of current literature.", "normalized_title": "are psychedelics the answer to chronic pain a review of current literature", "authors": "Kooijman NI, Willegers T, Reuser A, Mulleners WM, Kramers C, Vissers KCP, van der Wal SEI.", "abstract": "AimsWe aim to provide an evidence-based overview of the use of psychedelics in chronic pain, specifically LSD and psilocybin.ContentChronic pain is a common and complex problem, with an unknown etiology. Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, may play a role in the management of chronic pain. Through activation of the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor, several neurophysiological responses result in the disruption of functional connections in brain regions associated with chronic pain. Healthy reconnections can be made through neuroplastic effects, resulting in sustained pain relief. However, this process is not fully understood, and evidence of efficacy is limited and of low quality. In cancer and palliative related pain, the analgesic potential of psychedelics was established decades ago, and the current literature shows promising results on efficacy and safety in patients with cancer-related psychological distress. In other areas, patients suffering from severe headache disorders like migraine and cluster headache who have self-medicated with psychedelics report both acute and prophylactic efficacy of LSD and psilocybin. Randomized control trials are now being conducted to study the effects in cluster headache Furthermore, psychedelics have a generally favorable safety profile especially when compared to other analgesics like opioids. In addition, psychedelics do not have the addictive potential of opioids.ImplicationsGiven the current epidemic use of opioids, and that patients are in desperate need of an alternative treatment, it is important that further research is conducted on the efficacy of psychedelics in chronic pain conditions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-01-10", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1111/papr.13203", "pubmed_id": "36597700", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.13203", "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Cluster Headache, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Chronic Pain, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36597700\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1580, "title": "The Bright Side of Psychedelics: Latest Advances and Challenges in Neuropharmacology.", "normalized_title": "the bright side of psychedelics latest advances and challenges in neuropharmacology", "authors": "Mastinu A, Anyanwu M, Carone M, Abate G, Bonini SA, Peron G, Tirelli E, Pucci M, Ribaudo G, Oselladore E, Premoli M, Gianoncelli A, Uberti DL, Memo M.", "abstract": "The need to identify effective therapies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders is a particularly important issue in modern societies. In addition, difficulties in finding new drugs have led pharmacologists to review and re-evaluate some past molecules, including psychedelics. For several years there has been growing interest among psychotherapists in psilocybin or lysergic acid diethylamide for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, of depression, or of post-traumatic stress disorder, although results are not always clear and definitive. In fact, the mechanisms of action of psychedelics are not yet fully understood and some molecular aspects have yet to be well defined. Thus, this review aims to summarize the ethnobotanical uses of the best-known psychedelic plants and the pharmacological mechanisms of the main active ingredients they contain. Furthermore, an up-to-date overview of structural and computational studies performed to evaluate the affinity and binding modes to biologically relevant receptors of ibogaine, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, psilocin, and lysergic acid diethylamide is presented. Finally, the most recent clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of psychedelic molecules in some psychiatric disorders are discussed and compared with drugs already used in therapy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2023-01-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/ijms24021329", "pubmed_id": "36674849", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021329", "keywords": "Humans, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Ibogaine, Hallucinogens, Neuropharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36674849\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,OCD,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1545, "title": "Psilocin suppresses methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and acquisition of conditioned place preference via D2R-mediated ERK signaling", "normalized_title": "psilocin suppresses methamphetamine induced hyperlocomotion and acquisition of conditioned place preference via d2r mediated erk signaling", "authors": "Jing Wang, Min Liang, Qing Shang, Hongyan Qian, Ran An, Hua Liu, Gaojie Shao, Tao Li, Xinshe Liu", "abstract": "AIM: Psilocin is an active metabolite form of psilocybin and exerts psychoactive effects. Recent studies suggest that psilocin may have regulatory effects on abuse drugs, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we want to explore the effects of psilocin on methamphetamine (METH)-induced alterations of behavior in mice and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Acute METH administration model and conditioned place preference (CPP) model were used to investigate the effects of psilocin on METH-induced alterations of behavior. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins. RESULTS: In the acute 2 mg/kg METH administration model, 1 mg/kg psilocin counteracted METH-induced elevation of activity. In the 1 mg/kg METH-induced CPP model, 1 mg/kg psilocin inhibited CPP formation during the acquisition phase. However, psilocin did not impact METH extinction and relapse. Molecular results showed that the regulatory effect of psilocin on METH was underscored by altered expression of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and phosphorylated extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Trifluoperazine (TFP)-2HCl is a D2R inhibitor, and SCH772984 is a selective extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor that effectively inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The results indicated that 2 mg/kg TFP-2HCl and 10 mg/kg SCH772984 blocked METH-induced hyperactivity and acquisition of METH-induced CPP. CONCLUSION: Psilocin has regulatory effects on METH-induced alterations of behavior in mice via D2R-mediated signal regulation of ERK phosphorylation.", "journal": "CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2023-01-09", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1111/cns.14054", "pubmed_id": "36627756", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.14054", "keywords": "Meth-, Methamphetamine, MAPK/ERK pathway, Chemistry, Conditioned place preference, Pharmacology, Nucleus accumbens, Psilocybin, Kinase, Ventral tegmental area, Signal transduction, Dopamine, Hallucinogen, Biochemistry, Dopaminergic, Receptor, Neuroscience, Biology, Organic chemistry, Monomer, Polymer, Acrylate, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4315619317\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4315619317\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":23,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1173032613\",\"https://openalex.org/W1774782845\",\"https://openalex.org/W1887652119\",\"https://openalex.org/W1894647419\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969553782\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971690948\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981845617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989816896\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998939463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007174084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013538095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034592530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035129861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051016570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064770927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065619226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067592930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069437503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078902726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102850668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103515628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124082761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133748172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140864873\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154345916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2222888639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328853217\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412909457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2499216663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2779452853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793096639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908071017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913489935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969378138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200923977\",\"https://openalex.org/W3208857567\",\"https://openalex.org/W4224243902\",\"https://openalex.org/W4315619317\",\"https://openalex.org/W6816997659\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076446024\",\"display_name\":\"Jing Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-1963\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018331471\",\"display_name\":\"Min Liang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-0043\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033244781\",\"display_name\":\"Qing Shang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-4795\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102707497\",\"display_name\":\"Hongyan Qian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-0227\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100319291\",\"display_name\":\"Ran An\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-0120\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100321336\",\"display_name\":\"Hua Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2798-3337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045853031\",\"display_name\":\"Gaojie Shao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100455372\",\"display_name\":\"Tao Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-0212\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010926812\",\"display_name\":\"Xinshe Liu\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S84392608\",\"source_display_name\":\"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.14054\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4315619317" }, { "id": 1478, "title": "Acute psilocybin enhances cognitive flexibility in rats", "normalized_title": "acute psilocybin enhances cognitive flexibility in rats", "authors": "Pacheco AT, Olson RJ, Garza G, Moghaddam B.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety when combined with psychotherapy or other clinician-guided interventions. To understand the neural basis for this pattern of clinical efficacy, experimental and conceptual approaches that are different than traditional laboratory models of anxiety and depression are needed. A potential novel mechanism is that acute psilocybin improves cognitive flexibility, which then enhances the impact of clinician-assisted interventions. Consistent with this idea, we find that acute psilocybin robustly improves cognitive flexibility in male and female rats using a task where animals switched between previously learned strategies in response to uncued changes in the environment. Psilocybin did not influence Pavlovian reversal learning, suggesting that its cognitive effects are selective to enhanced switching between previously learned behavioral strategies. The serotonin (5HT) 2A receptor antagonist ketanserin blocked psilocybin’s effect on set-shifting, while a 5HT2C-selective antagonist did not. Ketanserin alone also improved set-shifting performance, suggesting a complex relationship between psilocybin’s pharmacology and its impact on flexibility. Further, the psychedelic drug 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) impaired cognitive flexibility in the same task, suggesting that this effect of psilocybin does not generalize to all other serotonergic psychedelics. We conclude that the acute impact of psilocybin on cognitive flexibility provides a useful behavioral model to investigate its neuronal effects relevant to its positive clinical outcome.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2023-01-08", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.1101/2023.01.09.523291", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.09.523291", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR593926\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1582, "title": "Psilocybin sex-dependently reduces alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin sex dependently reduces alcohol consumption in c57bl 6j mice", "authors": "Kenneth Alper, Janelle Cange, Ria Sah, Deanna Schreiber-Gregory, Henry Sershen, K. Yaragudri Vinod", "abstract": "The classical psychedelic psilocybin is of interest as a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study investigated the effects of psilocybin on voluntary ethanol consumption in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice administered saline or psilocybin intraperitoneally as a single dose of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg and provided 20% ethanol utilizing a two-bottle choice alcohol drinking paradigm. Ethanol was provided continuously for 3 days immediately following the administration of psilocybin, then withheld for 2 days, and then provided continuously for two subsequent additional days. A multilevel model (MLM) for repeated measures was used to compare ethanol consumption and preference in psilocybin-treated groups versus controls. Ethanol consumption and preference were reduced in male mice during the 3-day interval that immediately followed psilocybin administration. The effect of psilocybin on ethanol consumption was dose-related and was consistent across the 3-day interval at dosages of 0.5 mg/kg or greater. Psilocybin had no effect on consumption or preference when ethanol was subsequently reintroduced after 2 days of withdrawal. In contrast to males, psilocybin had no significant effect on ethanol consumption or preference in female mice at any dosage or time point. The lack of an effect of psilocybin on quinine preference, and its limited interaction with locomotor activity indicated that the observed reduction in voluntary ethanol consumption was not attributable to altered taste perception or motor effects. Total fluid consumption was increased in males at some time points and psilocybin dosages and unchanged in females, and the absence of any decrease in either group at any time point indicated that the observed reduction in ethanol consumption was not mediated by nonspecific effects on consummatory behavior. The finding of a sex-dependent effect of psilocybin on ethanol consumption suggests that the C57BL/6J mouse may provide a useful experimental approach to modeling sex differences in vulnerability to AUD in addition to investigation of the neurobiological basis of the effect of classical psychedelics on alcohol drinking behavior.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2023-01-03", "publication_year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2022.1074633", "pubmed_id": "36686713", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1074633", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ethanol, Dose, Hallucinogen, Alcohol, Pharmacology, Anesthesia, Alcohol consumption, Medicine, Psychology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313585689\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":39,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981502475\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987256529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032746917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034538470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036751844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038014680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041253023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065939798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075776243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092847788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162171573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286968510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888119399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957937196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3028697836\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132130376\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210571302\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206759226\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211232046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220804493\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282828286\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020131207\",\"display_name\":\"Kenneth Alper\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7014-1445\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089542219\",\"display_name\":\"Janelle Cange\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033129257\",\"display_name\":\"Ria Sah\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005420531\",\"display_name\":\"Deanna Schreiber-Gregory\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-1207\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071781942\",\"display_name\":\"Henry Sershen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-2217\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"K. Yaragudri Vinod\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1074633\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313585689" }, { "id": 4889, "title": "Acute neurovascular effects of psilocybin administration in healthy humans: Implications for cerebral blood flow measurements using arterial spin labelling", "normalized_title": "acute neurovascular effects of psilocybin administration in healthy humans implications for cerebral blood flow measurements using arterial spin labelling", "authors": "Klaus Richter Larsen, Ulrich Lindberg, Brice Ozenne, Drummond E-Wen McCulloch, Sophia Armand, M. Madsen, Annette Johansen, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102665", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102665", "keywords": "Cerebral blood flow, Psilocybin, Neurovascular bundle, Arterial spin labeling, Medicine, Labelling, Anesthesia, Blood flow, Cardiology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Pathology, Criminology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390241281\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390241281\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029326001\",\"display_name\":\"Klaus Richter Larsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-3454\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022260648\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrich Lindberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-6354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064300685\",\"display_name\":\"Drummond E-Wen McCulloch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-5224\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086179765\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Armand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072267838\",\"display_name\":\"Annette Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-2368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102665\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390241281" }, { "id": 4888, "title": "Psilocybin rescues depressive phenotype and modulates serotonin-2A and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in brain cortex of a stress animal model", "normalized_title": "psilocybin rescues depressive phenotype and modulates serotonin 2a and glucocorticoid receptor mrna expression in brain cortex of a stress animal model", "authors": "Ines Erkizia-Santamaría, Guadalupe Rivero, Igor Horrillo, J. Javier Meana, Jorge E. Ortega", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102452", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102452", "keywords": "Glucocorticoid receptor, Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Phenotype, Glucocorticoid, Serotonin, Cortex (anatomy), Receptor, Endocrinology, Biology, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Genetics, Pharmacology, Gene, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390223807\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390223807\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064629089\",\"display_name\":\"Ines Erkizia-Santamaría\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-4571\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066437036\",\"display_name\":\"Guadalupe Rivero\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-4047\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028869928\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Horrillo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024198476\",\"display_name\":\"J. Javier Meana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033481973\",\"display_name\":\"Jorge E. Ortega\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-874X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102452\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390223807" }, { "id": 4886, "title": "Effect of co-administration of low doses of psilocybin and mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495 in chronic restraint stress model of depression", "normalized_title": "effect of co administration of low doses of psilocybin and mglur2 3 antagonist ly341495 in chronic restraint stress model of depression", "authors": "Agata Machaczka, Jane Turek, Dorota Bederska-Łojewska, Bartłomiej Pochwat, Łukasz Gąsior, Bernadeta Szewczyk, Andrzej Pilc", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102939", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102939", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antagonist, Depression (economics), Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390223307\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390223307\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046125337\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Machaczka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-4795\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111100401\",\"display_name\":\"Jane Turek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068240095\",\"display_name\":\"Dorota Bederska-Łojewska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-3730\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028212666\",\"display_name\":\"Bartłomiej Pochwat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-6721\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037111048\",\"display_name\":\"Łukasz Gąsior\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6417-9861\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045678056\",\"display_name\":\"Bernadeta Szewczyk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6863-7951\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082517862\",\"display_name\":\"Andrzej Pilc\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-0597\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.102939\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390223307" }, { "id": 4885, "title": "Behavioral effects of a 14-day repeated treatment with psilocybin at a low non-psychedelic dose: a preliminary study in C57BL/6J mice", "normalized_title": "behavioral effects of a 14 day repeated treatment with psilocybin at a low non psychedelic dose a preliminary study in c57bl 6j mice", "authors": "Sofia Nasini, Martina Colognesi, Sara Tidei, Sara De Martin, Marco Banzato, Andrea Mattarei, Franco Folli, P. Marco, Paolo L. Manfredi, Stefano Comai", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103378", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103378", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Scratching, Wheel running, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Physics, Acoustics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390222334\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390222334\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068542698\",\"display_name\":\"Sofia Nasini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-9684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060460268\",\"display_name\":\"Martina Colognesi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7839-7851\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092171055\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Tidei\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059921142\",\"display_name\":\"Sara De Martin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-8237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093581998\",\"display_name\":\"Marco Banzato\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065244580\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea Mattarei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-0749\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053802958\",\"display_name\":\"Franco Folli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-5222\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"P. Marco\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004302186\",\"display_name\":\"Paolo L. Manfredi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-9450\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018646315\",\"display_name\":\"Stefano Comai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7194\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103378\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390222334" }, { "id": 4880, "title": "Visualizing drug actions on dendrites: psilocybin and other classic psychedelics", "normalized_title": "visualizing drug actions on dendrites psilocybin and other classic psychedelics", "authors": "Ling-Xiao Shao, Clara Liao, Ian Gregg, Pasha A. Davoudian, Neil K. Savalia, Kristina Delagarza, Alex C. Kwan", "abstract": "To determine effects of psychedelics on neuronal architecture, we used two-photon microscopy to image dendritic spines in mouse frontal cortex after administering psilocybin (Neuron, 109, 2535, 2021) and compared with other psychoactive drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1364/brain.2023.btu2b.2", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2023.btu2b.2", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Cortex (anatomy), Frontal cortex, Neuron, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4381492495\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4381492495\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2070005343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084207424\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2308910221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933363539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4307167512\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018142239\",\"display_name\":\"Ling-Xiao Shao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038330684\",\"display_name\":\"Clara Liao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-8202\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090372502\",\"display_name\":\"Ian Gregg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-3169\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066262562\",\"display_name\":\"Pasha A. Davoudian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-7610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081566415\",\"display_name\":\"Neil K. Savalia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-4466\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037360534\",\"display_name\":\"Kristina Delagarza\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014605321\",\"display_name\":\"Alex C. Kwan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-1667\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2023.btu2b.2\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4381492495" }, { "id": 4879, "title": "Italian psychedelic therapies of the past century: An historical overview", "normalized_title": "italian psychedelic therapies of the past century an historical overview", "authors": "Adriana D’Arienzo, Giorgio Samorini", "abstract": "In recent years, the historical record of psychedelic therapy in Europe and the Americas has undergone considerable revision. In this article, we contribute to this re-interpretation by sharing documentation relating to psychedelic therapy carried out in Italy during the period 1927-1966. Our library research has uncovered one hundred publications, documenting at least 60 clinical studies in which psychedelics were administered. There is evidence of some primacy regarding this psychedelic research: Italy has the world record, for the twentieth century, for having carried out the largest number of clinical studies on patients with psilocybin and with lysergic acid amide (LSA); humans first received the high dose of 500 mcg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in Italy; and LSD plus LSA, and LSD plus psilocybin, were administered simultaneously for the first time. The most successful Italian clinical studies appear to have been those in which psilocybin was used in the treatment of depressive states, with the observed optimal dose being that of 3 mg administered intravenously every second or third day, alternated with placebo injections. Another therapeutic target that seems to have provided interesting results concerns the use of LSD and psilocybin for what was then called “neurosis.” Italian psychiatrists have also made useful contributions to theoretical aspects concerning psychedelic therapies, for example in the conflicting debate on the “psychotomimetic paradigm” and in the distinction between the “primary” and “secondary” effects of these substances.", "journal": "Drug Science Policy and Law", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/20503245231179687", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231179687", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Psychotomimetic, Psychology, Documentation, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Computer science, NMDA receptor, Programming language, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379659828\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4379659828\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1664293589\",\"https://openalex.org/W1917920525\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968452391\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972107786\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989086727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017145453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047240314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078263912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086009833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086788195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092715857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114897348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155130148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2301861348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319686259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324093635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567295262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2727276162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738565983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753415711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903300049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926601140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981688273\",\"https://openalex.org/W3111857462\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239156015\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251854150\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101583481\",\"display_name\":\"Adriana D’Arienzo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4223-0336\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059260621\",\"display_name\":\"Giorgio Samorini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-980X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210227935\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug Science Policy and Law\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503245231179687\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4379659828" }, { "id": 4878, "title": "Going on Trial: Serotonin drug; psilocybin phase 2; placebo response data", "normalized_title": "going on trial serotonin drug psilocybin phase 2 placebo response data", "authors": "Peter Hess", "abstract": "Welcome to the April edition of Going on Trial, a monthly newsletter covering clinical trials and drug development for autism and related conditions. In this issue, we're talking about a serotonin agonist's path to trial for autism, debate around a trial of psilocybin for fragile X syndrome and an analysis of placebo responses in a clinical trial of the vasopressin blocker balovaptan.", "journal": "The Transmitter", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.53053/etcr6498", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.53053/etcr6498", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Placebo, Placebo response, Drug, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Drug trial, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Clinical trial, Psychology, Internal medicine, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Mental Health and Psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4367666053\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4367666053\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2099168883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887399686\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179609913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4310700160\",\"https://openalex.org/W4362535405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4365151047\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081353815\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Hess\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210215635\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Transmitter\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.53053/etcr6498\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4367666053" }, { "id": 4869, "title": "Psychedelic Drug Therapy for Mental Disorders?", "normalized_title": "psychedelic drug therapy for mental disorders", "authors": "John R. Rossiter", "abstract": "Objective: Psychedelic drug therapy is banned in all countries of the world except Australia, where the government regulatory watchdog, the Therapeutic Goods Administration, is planning to allow approved psychiatrists, as of July 1, 2023, to prescribe psilocybin to treat depression and MDMA to treat post-traumatic stress disorder, a move precipitated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s designation of these two drugs as “breakthrough therapy”. The objective of the present article is to demonstrate that the evidence on which the FDA and then the TGA relied is irretrievably flawed and should be dismissed. Method: Expert review of psychedelic therapy clinical trials and specifically of the methodology and measures used. Results: The present review demonstrates that the studies the U.S. FDA and the Australian TGA relied on to approve these two psychedelic drugs for therapy are irretrievably flawed. All future trials will follow the same procedure and are therefore bound to be flawed as well. Conclusions: Psychedelic drug studies have so far provided no trustworthy evidence of their effectiveness for treating mental disorders and are not likely to produce this evidence in the future. Psychedelic drug therapy is in any event impractical because of its specialized training requirements and very high treatment costs. It is also dangerous because false publicity about its effectiveness will almost certainly lead to unsupervised self-dosing with drugs that not only are illegal but have an unacceptably high addiction rate.", "journal": "Open Journal of Medical Psychology", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.4236/ojmp.2023.123010", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2023.123010", "keywords": "Publicity, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psilocybin, Addiction, Government (linguistics), Psychotherapist, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Law, Political science, Linguistics, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386593692\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4386593692\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1543828550\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994757268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156104108\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169033715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327003451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612417324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738191606\",\"https://openalex.org/W2968540378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214914300\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240127635\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242012253\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248482101\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280611733\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285156301\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285192593\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295023869\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312621792\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312704881\",\"https://openalex.org/W4396794282\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086689536\",\"display_name\":\"John R. Rossiter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0311-6506\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764509008\",\"source_display_name\":\"Open Journal of Medical Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2023.123010\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386593692" }, { "id": 2014, "title": "Electrophysiological study of visual and auditory processing in psilocin-induced hallucinations: exploring evoked potentials and 5-HT2A receptor involvement", "normalized_title": "electrophysiological study of visual and auditory processing in psilocin induced hallucinations exploring evoked potentials and 5 ht2a receptor involvement", "authors": "Vejmola Č., Hubený J., Koudelka V., Griškova-Bulanova I., Páleníček T.", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103662", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103662", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:21:33", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103662\",\"reference_dois\":[],\"reference_count\":0}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390222133" }, { "id": 1595, "title": "Psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment for new drug applications and controlled substance scheduling: A United States perspective", "normalized_title": "psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment for new drug applications and controlled substance scheduling a united states perspective", "authors": "Jack E. Henningfield, Judy Ashworth, David J. Heal, Sharon L. Smith", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psychedelics are an increasingly active area of research and pharmaceutical development. This includes abuse potential assessment to better understand their pharmacological mechanisms and effects and guide controlled substance regulation. Psychedelics pose challenges to abuse assessments to ensure valid, reliable, and generalizable outcomes and safe study conduct. FINDINGS: Key nonclinical techniques, for example, receptor binding and functional assays in vitro, and nonclinical physical dependence determinations, are easily adaptable to psychedelics. However, the entactogens (weak reinforcers) and hallucinogens (non-reinforcers) require more flexible approaches than typically recommended by regulatory agencies. Phase 1 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic safety studies and Phases 2/3 efficacy/safety trials with systematic monitoring of abuse-related adverse events are readily applicable to psychedelics. Human abuse trials require modification because supratherapeutic doses may not be safe and procedures, for example, personal monitors to manage serious adverse events, might bias outcomes. RECOMMENDATIONS: Abuse-related studies for psychedelics requiring approval by Food and Drug Administration and other agencies should take into consideration existing knowledge that will vary from extensive, for example, psilocybin, to zero for novel hallucinogens and entactogens. Many abuse assessments can be reasonably applied to animals and humans without compromising scientific integrity. Modification of existing techniques and incorporating a broader range of nonclinical tests should ensure generalizable outcomes. Human abuse studies merit reconsideration and possible modification to ensure safety and validity for psychedelic drug evaluation. Other nonclinical and clinical methods can provide evaluations of the pharmacological equivalence of test drugs to known drugs of abuse to provide context to the abuse assessment and guide drug scheduling.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/02698811221140004", "pubmed_id": "36588452", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221140004", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Substance abuse, Context (archaeology), Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Biology, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313424238\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313424238\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":13,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1261571324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1516221483\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973680070\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987802056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004030834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064736971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068457237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074068837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091531361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138295551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141611982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415049614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513082141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594245363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2745723818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768626284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769124319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770565632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790698047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900236406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900657491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909121609\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914823827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950652380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033752070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155618643\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160753024\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248740079\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292136326\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392591228\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034406366\",\"display_name\":\"Jack E. Henningfield\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-0041\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041069127\",\"display_name\":\"Judy Ashworth\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037798281\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Heal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-9632\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057634008\",\"display_name\":\"Sharon L. Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-8475\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221140004\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,In Vitro Study,Safety,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313424238" }, { "id": 1589, "title": "The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research.", "normalized_title": "the resurgence of hallucinogen drugs in clinical research", "authors": "Rivera-García MT, Cruz SL.", "abstract": "Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practices. Recently, their use has expanded to other cultures. Hallucinogens are natural or synthetic substances that alter the perception of reality at nontoxic doses, producing intense psychological and physiological effects. The initial research on hallucinogens began in the 1950s. However, their non-medical use, studies without proper controls, and negative social opinion resulted in legal restrictions that limited their use for clinical and preclinical research for more than two decades. A renewed interest in studying hallucinogens as potential therapeutic agents for treating different psychiatric conditions has recently re-emerged. This review summarizes the effects of main hallucinogen drugs and their therapeutic potential. Classic hallucinogens such as LSD, dimethyltryptamine, psilocin, and mescaline have chemical structures similar to serotonin and directly activate 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT2A) receptors. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic with antagonist effects at the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, indirectly activating 5-HT2A receptors. Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects and reduces suicidal ideation, but its effects are short-lasting. Other hallucinogens are under study. It is necessary to continue this research with a more rigorous methodology and include studying the long-term effects of psychedelics use.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.24875/ric.23000108", "pubmed_id": "37441761", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.23000108", "keywords": "Humans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Serotonin, Mescaline, Ketamine, Hallucinogens", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"37441761\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1515, "title": "Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis.", "normalized_title": "seeking the psilocybiome psychedelics meet the microbiota gut brain axis", "authors": "Kelly JR, Clarke G, Harkin A, Corr SC, Galvin S, Pradeep V, Cryan JF, O'Keane V, Dinan TG", "abstract": "Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an integrated approach to treatment. Cortical 5-HT receptors are key primary targets for the effects of serotonergic psychedelics. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying psychedelic therapy are complex and traverse molecular, cellular, and network levels, under the influence of biofeedback signals from the periphery and the environment. At the interface between the individual and the environment, the gut microbiome, via the gut-brain axis, plays an important role in the unconscious parallel processing systems regulating host neurophysiology. While psychedelic and microbial signalling systems operate over different timescales, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, as a convergence hub between multiple biofeedback systems may play a role in the preparatory phase, the acute administration phase, and the integration phase of psychedelic therapy. In keeping with an interconnected systems-based approach, this review will discuss the gut microbiome and mycobiome and pathways of the MGB axis, and then explore the potential interaction between psychedelic therapy and the MGB axis and how this might influence mechanism of action and treatment response. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications for a precision medicine-based psychedelic therapy paradigm.", "journal": "International journal of clinical and health psychology: IJCHP", "publication_date": "2022-12-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349", "pubmed_id": "36605409", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36605409/", "keywords": "Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), hallucinogens, microbiome, microbiota-gut-brain axis, psilocybin, psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36605409\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Drug Interactions,Microbiome", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1338, "title": "Beliefs and Perceived Barriers Regarding Psychedelic-assisted Therapy in a Pilot Study of Service Members and Veterans With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury", "normalized_title": "beliefs and perceived barriers regarding psychedelic assisted therapy in a pilot study of service members and veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury", "authors": "Joshua C. Gray, Mikela A. Murphy, Sierra Carter, Matthew W. Johnson, Aaron Wolfgang, Michael J. Roy, Jessica L. Maples-Keller", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common in service members and veterans, and the response to currently available treatments is often modest at best. Recent studies suggest potential benefit with psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs), particularly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy for PTSD and psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression. This study examined beliefs and perceived barriers regarding PAT among service members and veterans to inform the delivery of these treatments if they are approved by the FDA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one service members and veterans (67% male, 81% White, and 43% active duty) with a history of traumatic brain injury and co-occurring cognitive and psychological symptoms completed a measure assessing baseline knowledge and views of PAT, read a brief psychoeducation regarding PAT, and then responded to questions related to their beliefs and perceived barriers to PAT. RESULTS: Before psychoeducation, participants reported a neutral view of psychedelic drugs (M = 2.76; range: 1-5), PAT (M = 3.33), and interest in PAT (M = 3.10). After psychoeducation, participants reported a significantly more positive view of psychedelic drugs (M = 3.24, P =.014) and interest in PAT (M = 3.67, P =.016). Overall, participants indicated that they would support PAT availability in medical settings if proven beneficial (M = 4.52; 5 = \"agree strongly\") and they would support a loved one engaging in PAT (M = 4.29). The most frequently reported health concerns were concern of long-term effects (43%), fear of losing their mind (33%), fear of personality changes (33%), and fear of traumatic brain injury complications (24%). The most frequently endorsed barriers were time commitment, transportation, financial concerns, work, and childcare (33%-19%), with 48% reporting no barriers. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to explore beliefs and perceived barriers regarding PAT among service members and veterans. These results indicate that military populations may be interested in PAT, particularly if psychoeducation and outreach regarding these treatments occurred. If FDA approved, it will be important to facilitate command support and address logistical barriers to ensure appropriate access within military contexts.", "journal": "Military Medicine", "publication_date": "2022-12-23", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/milmed/usac400", "pubmed_id": "36564939", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac400", "keywords": "Service member, Military medicine, Medicine, Navy, Military service, Traumatic brain injury, Military personnel, Service (business), Psychology, Psychiatry, Economics, Political science, Archaeology, Economy, History, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312129485\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312129485\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2043705607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067652354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069138677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132322340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2174561539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2595687688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597424409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2775651212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966502749\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003657491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118285806\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127942947\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3181403041\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226207502\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245817074\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051283952\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua C. Gray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-561X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044973291\",\"display_name\":\"Mikela A. Murphy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-0453\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052883633\",\"display_name\":\"Sierra Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-3175\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035925686\",\"display_name\":\"Aaron Wolfgang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5238-4451\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028749683\",\"display_name\":\"Michael J. Roy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-774X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081814425\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica L. Maples-Keller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-7332\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207859457\",\"source_display_name\":\"Military Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac400\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Personality Change,Veterans", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4312129485" }, { "id": 1557, "title": "Psychotherapists' openness to engage their patients in Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for mental health treatment", "normalized_title": "psychotherapists openness to engage their patients in psilocybin assisted therapy for mental health treatment", "authors": "Priel Meir, Leslie Taylor, Jair C. Soares, Thomas D. Meyer", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Affective Disorders", "publication_date": "2022-12-15", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.050", "pubmed_id": "36535547", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.050", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Openness to experience, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Mental health, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Social psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312084004\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312084004\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":25,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1990949731\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018604380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044344557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111459052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328159225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2422079377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2431295287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738209342\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770565632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804532410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810334534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892664712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944495881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003581149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015119188\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015163151\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023969053\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031742716\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087536420\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135878517\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171384877\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197311089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3206494028\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285605468\",\"https://openalex.org/W6648047672\",\"https://openalex.org/W6772803181\",\"https://openalex.org/W6801747217\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049077087\",\"display_name\":\"Priel Meir\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111619208\",\"display_name\":\"Leslie Taylor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082192669\",\"display_name\":\"Jair C. Soares\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-5628\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045023981\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas D. Meyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-7778\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S113871862\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Affective Disorders\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.050\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4312084004" }, { "id": 1549, "title": "Experimental strategies to discover and develop the next generation of psychedelics and entactogens as medicines.", "normalized_title": "experimental strategies to discover and develop the next generation of psychedelics and entactogens as medicines", "authors": "Heal DJ, Gosden J, Smith SL, Atterwill CK.", "abstract": "Research on classical psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD and DMT) and entactogen, MDMA, has produced a renaissance in the search for more effective drugs to treat psychiatric, neurological and various peripheral disorders. Psychedelics and entactogens act though interaction with 5-HT2A and other serotonergic receptors and/or monoamine reuptake transporters. 5-HT, which serves as a neurotransmitter and hormone, is ubiquitously distributed in the brain and peripheral organs, tissues and cells where it has vasoconstrictor, pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive actions. Serotonergic psychedelics and entactogens have known safety and toxicity risks. For these drugs, the risks been extensively researched and empirically assessed through human experience. However, novel drug-candidates require thorough non-clinical testing not only to predict clinical efficacy, but also to address the risks they pose during clinical development and later after approval as prescription medicines. We have defined the challenges researchers will encounter when developing novel serotonergic psychedelics and entactogens. We describe screening techniques to predict clinical efficacy and address the safety/toxicity risks emerging from our knowledge of the existing drugs: 1) An early-stage, non-clinical screening cascade to pharmacologically characterise novel drug-candidates. 2) Models to detect hallucinogenic activity. 3) Models to differentiate hallucinogens from entactogens. 4) Non-clinical preclinical lead optimisation technology (PLOT) screening to select drug-candidates. 5) Modified animal models to evaluate the abuse and dependence risks of novel psychedelics in Safety Pharmacology testing. Our intention has been to design non-clinical screening strategies that will reset the balance between benefits and harms to deliver more effective and safer novel psychedelics for clinical use. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'National Institutes of Health Psilocybin Research Speaker Series'.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-12-15", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109375", "pubmed_id": "36529260", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109375", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36529260\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1518, "title": "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Psilocybin Administration in Healthy Participants", "normalized_title": "pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral psilocybin administration in healthy participants", "authors": "Friederike Holze, A. Becker, Karolina E. Kolaczynska, Urs Duthaler, Matthias E. Liechti", "abstract": "Psilocybin is being investigated as a potential treatment for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Only a few studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of psilocybin and have used body weight-adjusted dosing. Data on PKs and the PK-pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship of fixed doses that are commonly used are unavailable. The present study characterized the PKs and PK-PD relationship of 15, 25, and 30 mg of orally administered psilocybin in 28, 23, and 28 healthy subjects, respectively. Plasma levels of unconjugated psilocin (the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin) and corresponding subjective effects were repeatedly assessed up to 24 hours. PK parameters were determined using compartmental modeling. Concentration-subjective effect relationships were described using PK-PD modeling. Mean (95% confidence interval) maximal psilocin concentrations were 11 ng/mL (10-13), 17 ng/mL (16-19), and 21 ng/mL (19-24) after the administration of 15, 25, and 30 mg psilocybin, respectively. Maximal concentrations were reached after an average of 2 hours. Elimination half-lives were 1.8 hours (1.7-2.0), 1.4 hours (1.2-1.7), and 1.8 hours (1.6-1.9) for 15, 25, and 30 mg psilocybin, respectively. Mean (± SD) durations of subjective effects were 5.6 ± 2.2 hours, 5.5 ± 1.6 hours, and 6.4 ± 2.2 hours, and maximal effects (\"any drug\" effects) were 58% ± 25%, 73% ± 27%, and 80% ± 18% after 15, 25, and 30 mg psilocybin, respectively. Psilocin exhibited dose-proportional PKs. The duration and intensity of subjective effects were dose-dependent. Body weight did not influence pharmacokinetics or the response to psilocybin. These data may serve as a reference for future clinical trials.", "journal": "Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics", "publication_date": "2022-12-11", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/cpt.2821", "pubmed_id": "36507738", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2821", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Metabolite, Dosing, Oral administration, Confidence interval, Medicine, Chemistry, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4311205265\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":116,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W135677869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055241614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324227497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415329247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923436703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088200196\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213378850\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028081191\",\"display_name\":\"Friederike Holze\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-1519\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012996786\",\"display_name\":\"A. Becker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-7945\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055068028\",\"display_name\":\"Karolina E. Kolaczynska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-0758\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024133720\",\"display_name\":\"Urs Duthaler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-3932\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S159852663\",\"source_display_name\":\"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2821\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4311205265" }, { "id": 4897, "title": "History of epilepsy increases risk of psychedelic-induced seizures", "normalized_title": "history of epilepsy increases risk of psychedelic induced seizures", "authors": "", "abstract": "Classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin have been associated with reduced depressive symptoms when used as an adjunct to therapy, but concern remains over the potential for adverse events such as seizures when these drugs are used outside controlled clinical settings. A study used a survey of U.S. adults to examine the association between use of classic psychedelics and seizures. The survey included adults who reported at least one lifetime use of a psychedelic. These individuals were asked if they ever had experienced a seizure when using a psychedelic, and if they answered affirmatively they were asked if they had been using other medications at the time, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. Participants also reported whether they or a close family member had a history of epilepsy. A total of 1.5% of 613 individuals who had used a psychedelic had experienced a seizure while using. Nearly half of those who had experienced a seizure had been using an antidepressant, mood stabilizer, or opioid replacement therapy at the time. The investigators found that seizures were common among individuals with a personal or family history of epilepsy. When participants with a personal history of epilepsy were excluded, seizures were still more common among individuals with a family history of epilepsy. “These findings could have real-world implications both for informing exclusion criteria in classic psychedelic trials and for educating individuals who use classic psychedelics outside of research settings,” the study's authors wrote. [Simonsson O, et al. Drug Alc Dep 2022; published online Aug 11; doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109586]", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2022-12-09", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/pu.30967", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.30967", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Epilepsy, Psychiatry, Mood, Family history, Medicine, Adverse effect, Clinical psychology, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312063948\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312063948\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.30967\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4312063948" }, { "id": 4898, "title": "Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on cytokines, chemokines and leptin in rat serum", "normalized_title": "effects of a single dose of psilocybin on cytokines chemokines and leptin in rat serum", "authors": "Geoffrey M. Bove, David J. Mokler", "abstract": "Abstract Background and Aims The hallucinogenic drug psilocybin is being widely tested in humans for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psilocybin and other psychedelics are proposed to work through serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptors, which are tightly linked to immune function. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of a single dose of psilocybin on a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and peptides in the short term (24 h) and long term (seven days) in female rats. Methods Female rats were given a dose of psilocybin (20 mg kg −1, i.p.} or a dose of synthetic interstitial fluid. At 24 h, the control group and one group of rats were anesthetized, and blood was withdrawn by intracardiac puncture. In a third group of rats, blood was withdrawn after seven days. Serum was analyzed by a separate lab (Eve Laboratories, Calgary, Canada) for 27 immunomodulators. Results Serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, and leptin were significantly increased compared to controls after 24 h and were increased further after 7 days. Most of the other assays showed this same pattern of increase, although not statistically significant. Conclusions Psilocybin induces the release of multiple immune factors, consistent with a generalized activation of the immune system, which can persist for at least seven days after a single dose. These findings may relate to the mechanism of action. The implications of these findings require additional research to determine how these finding relate to the clinical effects of psilocybin.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2022-12-06", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2022.00230", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00230", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Immune system, Serotonin, Medicine, Pharmacology, Chemokine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Endocrinology, Immunology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:34:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4311816479\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4311816479\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W356352827\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522923028\",\"https://openalex.org/W1534317802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1606617874\",\"https://openalex.org/W1809915994\",\"https://openalex.org/W1824213812\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988742135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000023976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006741811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014495235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017899999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044596369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059407857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073441708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085670677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092118677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111748635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168938667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2189079317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2304131176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2485777533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557588769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996702784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004046311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006570115\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015975655\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240247870\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241109788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242189224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255564469\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280629250\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302591860\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312758580\",\"https://openalex.org/W6639546503\",\"https://openalex.org/W6676704206\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057867590\",\"display_name\":\"Geoffrey M. Bove\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8974-4705\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015254035\",\"display_name\":\"David J. Mokler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-3431\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00230\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Immune Function", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4311816479" }, { "id": 1570, "title": "Subacute effects of a single dose of psilocybin on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy humans: An open-label preliminary investigation", "normalized_title": "subacute effects of a single dose of psilocybin on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy humans an open label preliminary investigation", "authors": "Daniel Burmester, M. Madsen, Attila Szabó, Sanjay S. Aripaka, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Vibe G. Frøkjær, Betina Elfving, Jens D. Mikkelsen, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic that has gained prominent attention recently as a potential therapeutic for neuropsychiatric disorders including Major Depressive Disorder. Pre-clinical and initial studies in humans suggest that serotonin 2A receptor agonists, including serotonergic psychedelics, have anti-inflammatory effects. This may contribute to its therapeutic effects as previous studies indicate a link between neuropsychiatric disorders and inflammatory processes. However, the effect of psilocybin on biomarkers of inflammation has not been evaluated in humans. Investigate the effect of a single dose of psilocybin on peripheral biomarkers of inflammation in healthy humans. Blood samples were collected from 16 healthy participants before and one day after the administration of a single oral dose of psilocybin (mean dose: 0.22 mg/kg) and subsequently analyzed for concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). Change in inflammatory markers was evaluated using a paired t-test where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We did not observe statistically significant changes in any of the above biomarkers of inflammation (all Cohen's d ≤ 0.31; all p ≥ 0.23). Our data do not support that a single dose of psilocybin reduces biomarkers of inflammation in healthy individuals one day after administration. Nevertheless, we suggest that future studies consider additional markers of inflammation, including markers of neuroinflammation, and evaluate potential anti-inflammatory effects of psilocybin therapy in clinical cohorts where more prominent effects may be observable.", "journal": "Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology", "publication_date": "2022-12-05", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100163", "pubmed_id": "36545240", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100163", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonergic, SuPAR, Inflammation, Medicine, Anhedonia, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Urokinase receptor, Dopamine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312056223\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312056223\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":23,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1996267694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004880314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028503965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041184642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043754323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044280032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085670677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091259554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112006696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114047027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114587449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124107576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2369174845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398117252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2580771571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2586816621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738971267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808599394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2930961107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946506312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996702784\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010491167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010535096\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023636576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043607727\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049065734\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087386396\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094213593\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3175441262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191504399\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191550608\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213186691\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236511195\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280648670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"https://openalex.org/W6758932831\",\"https://openalex.org/W6782036379\",\"https://openalex.org/W6790588247\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061229287\",\"display_name\":\"Attila Szabó\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-8894\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023817079\",\"display_name\":\"Sanjay S. Aripaka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3499-5547\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029788021\",\"display_name\":\"Vibe G. Frøkjær\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-2365\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062999838\",\"display_name\":\"Betina Elfving\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-5088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085819553\",\"display_name\":\"Jens D. Mikkelsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-7359\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210212588\",\"source_display_name\":\"Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100163\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers,Toxicity,Inflammation", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4312056223" }, { "id": 1550, "title": "Update on treatments for anxiety-related disorders.", "normalized_title": "update on treatments for anxiety related disorders", "authors": "Lee HJ, Stein MB.", "abstract": "Purpose of reviewThis review examines recent evidence that informs the treatment of anxiety-related disorders.Recent findingsIn addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and benzodiazepines, agomelatine has demonstrated efficacy in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Other novel products, such as ketamine, psilocybin and cannabidiol, are in the process of gathering evidence in support of the treatment of anxiety disorders. In psychological therapy, various psychological treatments for anxiety disorders, such as mindfulness-based intervention, acceptance and commitment therapy, psychodynamic therapy, emotion-focused therapy and dialectical behavioural therapy, have been tried. Still, most therapies have not proven superior to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). In very preliminary findings: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was effective in GAD; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was effective for social anxiety disorder (SAD) and GAD and augmented exposure therapy for specific fears. Internet and mobile-based interventions have comparable efficacy to face-to-face therapy.SummaryPharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders is expanding to novel products. Despite trying other psychological therapies for anxiety disorders, most therapies were comparable to but not superior to CBT. rTMS and tDCS were also used and show early promise for GAD, but further studies are needed. Most internet or mobile app based psychological therapies were based on CBT, and some can be considered as alternatives to in-person face-to-face therapy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-12-05", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1097/yco.0000000000000841", "pubmed_id": "36480651", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000841", "keywords": "Humans, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36480651\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1599, "title": "Psilocybin mitigates the cognitive deficits observed in a rat model of Fragile X syndrome", "normalized_title": "psilocybin mitigates the cognitive deficits observed in a rat model of fragile x syndrome", "authors": "Valeria Buzzelli, Emilia Carbone, Antonia Manduca, Sara Schiavi, Alessandro Feo, Julia V. Perederiy, Kyle Ambert, M Hausman, Viviana Trezza", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-12-04", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3", "pubmed_id": "36469097", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3", "keywords": "Fragile X syndrome, Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognition, Autism, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Personality Disorders and Psychopathology, Bipolar Disorder and Treatment", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310700160\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310700160\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":20,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W81784046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1893201598\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987832172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001215117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021925396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023122132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024192983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028003075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064533408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070615835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073466970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082152632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083534769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119744351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130497862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157912512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161765100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162775240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165143316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166329705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306323052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323051846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2462102436\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582621819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2656553103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749105458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749146127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759433538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768108307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800183981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810453228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889399987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889987209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895425245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909759903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2918299940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923019381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942558631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950095747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981690838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995660943\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001118513\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009715943\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082721315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3084164707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085458292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087462486\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122801192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210379385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210708461\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295988805\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296373810\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296816736\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010050973\",\"display_name\":\"Valeria Buzzelli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-7405\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001361324\",\"display_name\":\"Emilia Carbone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-2838\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043422880\",\"display_name\":\"Antonia Manduca\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085969349\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Schiavi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-5010\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016124876\",\"display_name\":\"Alessandro Feo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2999-6782\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037642269\",\"display_name\":\"Julia V. Perederiy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087320896\",\"display_name\":\"Kyle Ambert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-4408\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008185450\",\"display_name\":\"M Hausman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010844563\",\"display_name\":\"Viviana Trezza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-6045\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06286-3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310700160" }, { "id": 1623, "title": "Psychedelic-Induced Serotonin 2A Receptor Downregulation Does Not Predict Swim Stress Coping in Mice", "normalized_title": "psychedelic induced serotonin 2a receptor downregulation does not predict swim stress coping in mice", "authors": "Błażej D. Pędzich, Mireia Medrano, An Buckinx, Ilse Smolders, Dimitri De Bundel", "abstract": "Serotoninergic psychedelics such as psilocybin have been reported to elicit a long-lasting reduction in depressive symptoms. Although the main target for serotoninergic psychedelics, serotonin type 2A receptor (5-HT2A), has been established, the possible mechanism of the antidepressant action of psychedelics remains unknown. Using the mouse forced swim test model, we examined whether the administration of the synthetic serotoninergic psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) would modulate 5-HT2A receptor levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and revert stress-induced changes in behavior. Mice subjected to swim stress developed a passive stress-coping strategy when tested in the forced swim test 6 days later. This change in behavior was not associated with the hypothesized increase in 5-HT2A receptor-dependent head twitch behaviors or consistent changes in 5-HT2A receptor levels in the mPFC. When DOI was administered 1 day before the forced swim test, a low dose (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) unexpectedly increased immobility while a high dose (2 mg/kg i.p.) had no significant effect on immobility. Nevertheless, DOI evoked a dose-dependent decrease in 5-HT2A levels in the mPFC of mice previously exposed to swim stress. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that the downregulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the mPFC contributes to the antidepressant-like properties of serotoninergic psychedelics.", "journal": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences", "publication_date": "2022-12-03", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijms232315284", "pubmed_id": "36499610", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315284", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Behavioural despair test, Serotonin, 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT receptor, Prefrontal cortex, Receptor, Psychology, Downregulation and upregulation, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Medicine, Hippocampus, Psychiatry, Cognition, Biochemistry, Gene, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", 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D. Pędzich\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020918914\",\"display_name\":\"Mireia Medrano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8707-5501\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060734194\",\"display_name\":\"An Buckinx\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-5055\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090159945\",\"display_name\":\"Ilse Smolders\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-0751\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069126017\",\"display_name\":\"Dimitri De Bundel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-9908\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S10623703\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315284\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310675742" }, { "id": 1627, "title": "Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy for People with Eating Disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic assisted therapy for people with eating disorders", "authors": "Gukasyan N, Schreyer CC, Griffiths RR, Guarda AS", "abstract": "A growing body of research suggests psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may be safe and effective for a variety of mental health conditions. Among these, eating disorders have been a recent target of interest. This review provides an up-to-date summary of the potential mechanisms and use of PAT in people diagnosed with eating disorders, with a focus on anorexia nervosa. Classic psychedelics may have transdiagnostic efficacy through several mechanisms relevant to eating disorder pathology. Interest in, and efforts to increase access to PAT are both high. Early clinical trials are focused on establishing the safety and utility of this treatment in eating disorders, and efficacy remains unclear. High-quality published data to support the use of PAT for people with eating disorders remains lacking. Recent studies however suggest PAT has the potential to augment the efficacy of current interventions for these difficult-to-treat conditions.", "journal": "Current psychiatry reports", "publication_date": "2022-11-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s11920-022-01394-5", "pubmed_id": "36374357", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36374357/", "keywords": "Anorexia nervosa, Eating disorders, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36374357\"}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1626, "title": "A Case of Prolonged Mania, Psychosis, and Severe Depression After Psilocybin Use: Implications of Increased Psychedelic Drug Availability", "normalized_title": "a case of prolonged mania psychosis and severe depression after psilocybin use implications of increased psychedelic drug availability", "authors": "Gregory Barber, Charles B. Nemeroff, Steven Siegel", "abstract": "", "journal": "American Journal of Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2022-11-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp.22010073", "pubmed_id": "36453037", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.22010073", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Login, Mania, Psychiatry, Service (business), Psychology, Bipolar disorder, Mood, Medicine, Library science, Internet privacy, Computer science, Hallucinogen, Business, Computer security, Marketing, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310598708\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310598708\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":61,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2108914738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2289004134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589381868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998403265\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158216155\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080954899\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory Barber\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-8098\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050356892\",\"display_name\":\"Charles B. Nemeroff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-1160\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033495643\",\"display_name\":\"Steven Siegel\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S116025658\",\"source_display_name\":\"American Journal of Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.22010073\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310598708" }, { "id": 1621, "title": "Single-dose psilocybin for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report", "normalized_title": "single dose psilocybin for treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder a case report", "authors": "Benjamin Kelmendi, Stephen A. Kichuk, Giuliana DePalmer, Gayle Maloney, Terence H. W. Ching, Alexander Belser, Christopher Pittenger", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, act on the brain's serotonin system and produce striking psychological effects. Early work in the 1950s and 1960s and more recent controlled studies suggest benefit from psychedelic treatment in a number of conditions. A few case reports in recreational users and a single experimental study suggest benefit in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but careful clinical data and long-term follow-up have been lacking. Here we describe a case of a patient with refractory OCD treated with psilocybin and followed prospectively for a year, with marked symptomatic improvement. We provide qualitative and quantitative detail of his experience during and after treatment. Improvement in OCD symptoms (YBOCS declined from 24 to 0-2) was accompanied by broader changes in his relationship to his emotions, social and work function, and quality of life. This individual was an early participant in an ongoing controlled study of psilocybin in the treatment of OCD (NCT03356483). These results are preliminary but promising, motivating ongoing investigations of the therapeutic potential of appropriately monitored and supported psychedelic treatment in the treatment of patients with obsessions and compulsions.", "journal": "Heliyon", "publication_date": "2022-11-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12135", "pubmed_id": "36536916", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12135", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Obsessive compulsive, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310735641\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":34,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W200847362\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1818461439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976530099\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997452831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000519244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006001020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109125813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120460120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123822033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131823335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767824476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792826282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801872200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802714852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921864394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973627003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2975681496\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020817845\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110345791\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134098691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198281522\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251909064\",\"https://openalex.org/W6649587555\",\"https://openalex.org/W6768092050\",\"https://openalex.org/W6791122616\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110948308\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin Kelmendi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-1326\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090942004\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen A. Kichuk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028356592\",\"display_name\":\"Giuliana DePalmer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076141605\",\"display_name\":\"Gayle Maloney\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-2824\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038288658\",\"display_name\":\"Terence H. W. Ching\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-2237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082087722\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Belser\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001094886\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Pittenger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-9321\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898612692\",\"source_display_name\":\"Heliyon\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12135\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Case Report", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310735641" }, { "id": 4902, "title": "Antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep", "normalized_title": "antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep", "authors": "Marten Dooper", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-11-27", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.55788/c6e5fc91", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.55788/c6e5fc91", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Sleep (system call), Neuroscience, Psychology, Psychiatry, Computer science, Hallucinogen, Hippocampus, Operating system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Sleep and Wakefulness Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310033611\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4310033611\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2108057532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944504803\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001697813\",\"display_name\":\"Marten Dooper\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.55788/c6e5fc91\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310033611" }, { "id": 1559, "title": "Considerations in assessing the abuse potential of psychedelics during drug development.", "normalized_title": "considerations in assessing the abuse potential of psychedelics during drug development", "authors": "Calderon SN, Bonson KR, Reissig CJ, Lloyd JM, Galati S, Chiapperino D.", "abstract": "The recent increase in clinical research on the potential therapeutic uses of classic psychedelics has prompted the need to revisit the assessment of the abuse potential of these drugs. The term \"classic psychedelic\" is used in this manuscript to describe serotonergic 5-HT2A agonists that alter perception, cognition, and mood (i.e., psychedelic effects) and that are currently controlled in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Schedule I drugs are subject to the most restrictive controls under the CSA, as they are considered to have a high abuse potential and no currently accepted medical use in the United States (USA). However, these classic psychedelics were placed in Schedule I at the time the CSA was enacted in 1970, and their abuse potential has not been systematically assessed using modern methodology. This paper provides an overview of scientific evaluation of the abuse potential of classic psychedelics and delineates the data that will be needed in support of a recommendation for the rescheduling, if a drug product containing a classic psychedelic gains FDA approval. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'National Institutes of Health Psilocybin Research Speaker Series'.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-11-27", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109352", "pubmed_id": "36455646", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109352", "keywords": "Hallucinogens, United States, Psilocybin, Drug Development", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36455646\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3639, "title": "NW Trauma Therapies, Chronic Illness of Chronic Depression, PTSD, MS, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2, Long Haulers Syndrome. Treatment of Unregulaaible Trauma by the Treatment of Enhanced Micro Dosing the Levels of 0.15, Thru 0.33, With a Maintenance Dose of 1 Gram Per Month for Neural Pathway Increase of Non Synthesized Psilocybin, Using the Actual Plant to Regulate the Highjacked Nervous System.", "normalized_title": "nw trauma therapies chronic illness of chronic depression ptsd ms hiv and sars cov 2 long haulers syndrome treatment of unregulaaible trauma by the treatment of enhanced micro dosing the levels of 0 15 thru 0 33 with a maintenance dose of 1 gram per month for neural pathway increase of non synthesized psilocybin using the actual plant to regulate the highjacked nervous system", "authors": "NWTraumatherapies", "abstract": "The on-boarding of unregulatable trauma in the United States has reached 20%, which is 1/5 of the population. A population of this magnitude, by definition has now reached an epidemic classification. The population with chronic illness as stated: PTSD, Chronic Depression, MS, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2- Long Haulers Syndrome. These chronic conditions/illnesses many lead to death and are often the cause or perpetuate unregulated trauma and create an unstable population. Psychiatrists have testified before congress that the SSSRI medications are not fully functional cures and are not working for patients. Enchanced Psilocybin micro-dosing at the levels of 0.15g. ranging to 0.33g. every other day an 0.50g. for monthly maintenance of neural pathway production is proving to shave back the highjacked nervous system, thus stopping or rerouting the ruminating neurotransmitters, by rerouting thru new neural pathways. The body has a additional natural pathway in place then to decrease/stop these thoughts by have open pathways to process the thought differently. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and which is the most famous of all the neurotransmitters. Serotonin is very similar in its compound structure to the plant medicine family of psilocybin, serotonin and psilocybin work very similarly with the 5h2A receptor in the human cortex ( the outer cortex of the brain ). Enhanced Microdosing of psilocybin at the levels of 0.15 to 0.33 and of 1 gram to 1.5 grams monthly for maintenance of the newly opened neural pathways is postulated to be a mental health game changer. Psilocybin helps shave back the highjacked nervous system which is a condition known as the diagnosis (SSD) Somatic Symptom Disorder. This research is believed accurate by proof on previous studies to process the subconscious held in the subconscious and shave back the somatic feelings resulting from the trauma of the individuals who have on-boarded chronic disease(s) of Trauma,PTSD, Unregulated Chronic Depression, MS, Cancer, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2- Long Haulers Syndrome. Patients will work with a team: The Administrator Of Study, participants will be onboarded into the study by a Psychiatrist, Therapist LCPC, Micro Dosing Advisor/On-Boarding Provider, going forward referred to as a PMOP ( PLANT MEDICINE ON-BOARDING PROVIDER. The PMOP will administrate, chart dosing and file reports with the Psychiatrist, General Provider, Psychologist, or the LCPC Therapist. Adding a PMOP to Western Medicine could be the key to making treatment available at a functional cost. The dosage will be ( enhanced micro-dosing which is 1 gram to 1.5 grams of psilocybin every other day for 5 days then moving into a M/W/F dose ranging in the enhanced micro-dose levels of 0.15G. thru 0..33 for 8 weeks. Patients will be accepted in the study they must present with one of the following diagnosed conditions, chronic illness' of Trauma, PTSD, Unregulated Chronic Depression, MS, HIV, Cancer, or SARS-CoV-2- Long Haulers Syndrome. As participants with unregulated trauma can tend to have a severely compromised un-functional compromised immune system. This compromised low functioning compromised immune system creates additional health crisis and can cost a great deal of money for the patients and the healthcare system. As testified to congress, the SSRI's are not fully able to manage the on boarding of severe trauma resulting often in PTST/Trauma, these pharmaceuticals tend to become in effective for treatment within 6 months to a year. The SSRI's and pharmaceuticals available for treatment currently have a success rate of 35 %. These diagnosis' of mental compromise are currently being managed at great human cost and financial cost for a decade or more for many patients. Working in conjunction with the General Provider, Psychiatrist, Psychologist, and LCPC Therapist, with a PMOP ( Enhanced Micro Dosing Provider),The PMOP On-Boarding Provider will tailor the dose of plant medicine which this study postulates will result in a positive treatment and will result in improved (Quality of Life) and in the cases of terminal illness, result in (Dying Well)\" A mind without rumination. As Stated, this study is looking for evidence this Plant Medicine Psilocybin would become a path to shave back the SSRI's and treat with dosing of of M/W/F of enhance Microdosing at the levels of 0.15g. thru 0.33G. The Monthly dose of 1 to 1.5 grams of Plant Medicine for maintenance of the increase in newly opened neural pathways. This Study will introduce Non Synthetic Psilocybin every other day for 8 weeks, and the 1G to 1.1.5 G once time per month. The on-boarding of unregulatable trauma in the United States has reached 20%, which is 1/5 of the population. A population of this magnitude, by definition has reached an epidemic classification. The population with chronic illness as stated: Trauma, PTSD, Chronic Depression, MS, Caner, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2- Long Haulers Syndrome, these conditions are severe and the treatments are often not effective. These chronic illnesses which can result in unregulated trauma and create an unstable portion of the population. Psychiatrists have testified before congress that the SSRI's medications are not functional cures and are often not working for patients. Psilocybin micro-dosing by many studies is proving to shave back the highjacked nervous system, stopping or rerouting the neural pathways lessening or stopping the ruminating neurotransmitters. This is the 1st study to support the treatment in the Enhanced Microdosing levels in the range of 0.15g. to 0.33g, and adding a dose of 1g. to 1.5 g. monthly for maintence. The body has a natural path to stop these thoughts by a neurotransmitter called serotonin This famous neurotransmitter Serotonin, is very similar to the plant medicine family of psilocybin, Serotonin and Psilocybin work very similarly with the 5h2A receptor in the human cortex ( the outer cortex of the brain ). Enhanced Microdosing of 0.15 to 0.33 with month dose of 1 gram to 1.5 grams of psilocybin is postulated to shave back and reroute the highjacked nervous system known as the diagnosis (SSD) Somatic Symptom Disorder. This research is believed accurate by proof on previous studies to reverse back the somatic feelings resulting from the trauma of the individuals who are on boarding chronic diseases of PTSD, Chronic Depression, MS, HIV, Cancer, and SARS-CoV-2- Long Haulers Syndrome. Ross Allison Administrator NPI#1437519899", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2022-11-15", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05042466", "keywords": "Trauma, Nervous System, Trauma, psilocybin, UNKNOWN", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT05042466\",\"overall_status\":\"UNKNOWN\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1637, "title": "Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A and TAAR1 Receptors in the Head Twitch Response Induced by 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Psilocybin: Translational Implications.", "normalized_title": "role of 5 ht2a 5 ht2c 5 ht1a and taar1 receptors in the head twitch response induced by 5 hydroxytryptophan and psilocybin translational implications", "authors": "Shahar O, Botvinnik A, Esh-Zuntz N, Brownstien M, Wolf R, Lotan A, Wolf G, Lerer B, Lifschytz T.", "abstract": "There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin. In rodents, the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and psilocybin induce a characteristic 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR)-mediated head twitch response (HTR), which is correlated with the human psychedelic trip. We examined the role of other serotonergic receptors and the trace amine -associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in modulating 5-HTP- and psilocybin-induced HTR. Male C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks, ~30 g) were administered 5-HTP, 50-250 mg/kg i.p., 200 mg/kg i.p. after pretreatment with 5-HT/TAAR1 receptor modulators, psilocybin 0.1-25.6 mg/kg i.p. or 4.4 mg/kg i.p., immediately preceded by 5-HT/TAAR1 receptor modulators. HTR was assessed in a custom-built magnetometer. 5-HTP and psilocybin induced a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of HTR over 20 min with attenuation by the 5-HT2AR antagonist, M100907, and the 5-HT1AR agonist, 8-OH-DPAT. The 5-HT2CR antagonist, RS-102221, enhanced HTR at lower doses but reduced it at higher doses. The TAAR1 antagonist, EPPTB, reduced 5-HTP- but not psilocybin-induced HTR. We have confirmed the key role of 5-HT2AR in HTR, an inhibitory effect of 5-HT1AR, a bimodal contribution of 5-HT2CR and a role of TAAR1 in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP. Compounds that modulate psychedelic-induced HTR have important potential in the emerging therapeutic use of these compounds.", "journal": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences", "publication_date": "2022-11-15", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijms232214148", "pubmed_id": "36430623", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214148", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Humans, Mice, Serotonin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Hallucinogens, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36430623\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4309269582\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":59,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979963125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014120139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034743732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053934601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054722815\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069027411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079767249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095268995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114270003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117219351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135711288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138512826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146585068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161047862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165450714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171096494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2295029219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2343195587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516564083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757917284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2763279310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804598038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972809261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990652192\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991333777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999684597\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011668650\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027810862\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118717131\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123302588\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126980149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3150741773\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160765419\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160990818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164900028\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165049600\",\"https://openalex.org/W3200600985\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213217218\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214511680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214897436\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232313963\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285118826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4291398459\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"https://openalex.org/W6680138256\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079300304\",\"display_name\":\"Orr Shahar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072298548\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Botvinnik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-7174\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029037891\",\"display_name\":\"Noam Esh-Zuntz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066003352\",\"display_name\":\"Michal Brownstien\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069717855\",\"display_name\":\"Rachel Wolf\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075151552\",\"display_name\":\"Amit Lotan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-0975\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054295807\",\"display_name\":\"Gilly Wolf\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051454538\",\"display_name\":\"Bernard Lerer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-632X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077356873\",\"display_name\":\"Tzuri Lifschytz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S10623703\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214148\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4309269582" }, { "id": 3248, "title": "Psychedelic compounds directly excite 5-HT2A Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex through a 5-HT2A Gq -mediated activation mechanism", "normalized_title": "psychedelic compounds directly excite 5 ht2a layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex through a 5 ht2a gq mediated activation mechanism", "authors": "Schmitz GP, Chiu Y, König GM, Kostenis E, Roth BL, Herman MA.", "abstract": "Summary Psilocin, the active compound in Psilocybe sp. mushrooms, is a serotonergic psychedelic that has recently gained renewed interest due to its potential as a therapeutic tool. Despite promising clinical findings, the underlying signaling mechanisms and brain region-specific effects of psilocin and other psychedelic drugs remain unclear. Psilocin, like other psychedelic compounds, is an agonist at many serotonin and other biogenic amine receptors; however, activation of serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) 2A receptors (5-HT2A Rs) is understood as the main molecular target for the psychoactive effects in animals and humans. 5-HT2A Rs are abundantly expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, the biochemical actions of psilocin on PFC neurons remain poorly understood. In this study, we used in vitro slice electrophysiology to examine how psilocin acutely alters the activity and electrophysiological properties of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse PFC. Focal application of psilocin (10 μ M) onto nonspecified Layer 5 Pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic PFC of C57BL/6J mice produced variable effects on firing (increase, decrease, or no change). 5-HT2A R layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse prelimbic PFC were identified via labeling in a 5-HT2A-ERT2-Cre mouse crossed with an Ai9 tdTomato reporter. Focal application of psilocin increased firing in all identified 5-HT2A R neurons but did not result in any significant changes in synaptic transmission. Overall, the results demonstrate that psilocin evokes strong firing changes in the PFC that are 5-HT2A R and G α q dependent, thereby providing valuable insights into the effects of psilocin on a brain region implicated in mediating psychedelic drug actions.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-11-14", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.11.15.516655", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.15.516655", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR571939\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1602, "title": "Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "body mass index bmi does not predict responses to psilocybin", "authors": "Spriggs MJ, Giribaldi B, Lyons T, Rosas FE, Kärtner LS, Buchborn T, Douglass HM, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist and naturally occurring psychedelic. 5-HT2A receptor density is known to be associated with body mass index (BMI), however, the impact of this on psilocybin therapy has not been explored. While body weight-adjusted dosing is widely used, this imposes a practical and financial strain on the scalability of psychedelic therapy. This gap between evidence and practice is caused by the absence of studies clarifying the relationship between BMI, the acute psychedelic experience and long-term psychological outcomes.MethodData were pooled across three studies using a fixed 25 mg dose of psilocybin delivered in a therapeutic context to assess whether BMI predicts characteristics of the acute experience and changes in well-being 2 weeks later. Supplementing frequentist analysis with Bayes Factors has enabled for conclusions to be drawn regarding the null hypothesis.ResultsResults support the null hypothesis that BMI does not predict overall intensity of the altered state, mystical experiences, perceptual changes or emotional breakthroughs during the acute experience. There was weak evidence for greater 'dread of ego dissolution' in participants with lower BMI, however, further analysis suggested BMI did not meaningfully add to the combination of the other covariates (age, sex and study). While mystical-type experiences and emotional breakthroughs were strong predictors of improvements in well-being, BMI was not.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for our understanding of pharmacological and extra-pharmacological contributors to psychedelic-assisted therapy and for the standardization of a fixed therapeutic dose in psychedelic-assisted therapy.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-11-13", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/02698811221131994", "pubmed_id": "36373934", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131994", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Body Mass Index, Bayes Theorem, Emotions, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36373934\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308952246\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308952246\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":15,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1966419092\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973927342\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978662219\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985465524\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989324273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993101534\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005441991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025861780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052725640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078501925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081861598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084658093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087193153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123552131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134099620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325134021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742569683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005218696\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035524447\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3097501343\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108632668\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112557491\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3152417644\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205506305\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230096730\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247665917\",\"https://openalex.org/W4390794773\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035033638\",\"display_name\":\"Taylor Lyons\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-7344\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020498855\",\"display_name\":\"Fernando E. Rosas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6183\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044522468\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Kärtner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045797880\",\"display_name\":\"Tobias Buchborn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-5184\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031966441\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah Douglass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-385X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072682798\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131994\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4308952246" }, { "id": 1629, "title": "Psilocybin containing mushrooms: a rapidly developing biotechnology industry in the psychiatry, biomedical and nutraceutical fields.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin containing mushrooms a rapidly developing biotechnology industry in the psychiatry biomedical and nutraceutical fields", "authors": "Strauss D, Ghosh S, Murray Z, Gryzenhout M.", "abstract": "Humans have collected and used hallucinogenic mushrooms for ethnic medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes since before recorded history. Currently, the use of these mushrooms is illegal in most countries, but where their use is legal they are applied as self medication. Psilocybin and psilocin, two psychoactive alkaloids, are naturally synthesized by hallucinogenic mushrooms. The chemical structure of these compounds are similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Activation of this system by psilocybin and psilocin may produce temporary changes in the brain that induce hallucinations and feelings of euphoria. Adjustment of the serotonin system in this way can moderate symptoms of related mental disorders. This review summarizes relevant and current information regarding the discovery of hallucinogenic mushrooms and their contained psychoactive compounds, the events that lead to their criminalization and decriminilization, and the state of knowledge of psilocybin, psilocin, and derivatives. Last, research on the psychoactive properties of these mushrooms is placed in perspective to possible applications for human dysfunctions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-11-03", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s13205-022-03355-4", "pubmed_id": "36340802", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03355-4", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36340802\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1519, "title": "The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "the missing piece a case for microglia s prominent role in the therapeutic action of anesthetics ketamine and psychedelics", "authors": "VanderZwaag J, Halvorson T, Dolhan K, Šimončičová E, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ.", "abstract": "There is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics - psychedelic, anesthetic, and dissociative agents - as they have demonstrated surprising efficacy in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as mood disorders and addiction. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs provide such profound psychological benefits are still to be fully elucidated. Microglia, the CNS's resident innate immune cells, are emerging as a cellular target for psychiatric disorders because of their critical role in regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory environment of the brain. The following paper is a review of recent literature surrounding these neuropharmacological therapies and their demonstrated or hypothesized interactions with microglia. Through investigating the mechanism of action of psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, and propofol, we demonstrate a largely under-investigated role for microglia in much of the emerging research surrounding these pharmacological agents. Among others, we detail sigma-1 receptors, serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid signalling, and tryptophan metabolism as pathways through which these agents modulate microglial phagocytic activity and inflammatory mediator release, inducing their therapeutic effects. The current review includes a discussion on future directions in the field of microglial pharmacology and covers bidirectional implications of microglia and these novel pharmacological agents in aging and age-related disease, glial cell heterogeneity, and state-of-the-art methodologies in microglial research.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-11-02", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s11064-022-03772-0", "pubmed_id": "36327017", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03772-0", "keywords": "Microglia, Humans, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Anesthetics, Hallucinogens", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36327017\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Drug Interactions,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1640, "title": "Structure-Activity Relationships for Psilocybin, Baeocystin, Aeruginascin, and Related Analogues to Produce Pharmacological Effects in Mice.", "normalized_title": "structure activity relationships for psilocybin baeocystin aeruginascin and related analogues to produce pharmacological effects in mice", "authors": "Glatfelter GC, Pottie E, Partilla JS, Sherwood AM, Kaylo K, Pham DNK, Naeem M, Sammeta VR, DeBoer S, Golen JA, Hulley EB, Stove CP, Chadeayne AR, Manke DR, Baumann MH.", "abstract": "4-Phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a naturally occurring tertiary amine found in many mushroom species. Psilocybin is a prodrug for 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocin), which induces psychedelic effects via agonist activity at the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2A). Several other 4-position ring-substituted tryptamines are present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms, including the secondary amine 4-phosphoryloxy-N-methyltryptamine (baeocystin) and the quaternary ammonium 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (aeruginascin), but these compounds are not well studied. Here, we investigated the structure-activity relationships for psilocybin, baeocystin, and aeruginascin, as compared to their 4-acetoxy and 4-hydroxy analogues, using in vitro and in vivo methods. Broad receptor screening using radioligand binding assays in transfected cells revealed that secondary and tertiary tryptamines with either 4-acetoxy or 4-hydroxy substitutions display nanomolar affinity for most human 5-HT receptor subtypes tested, including the 5-HT2A and the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A). The same compounds displayed affinity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A in mouse brain tissue in vitro and exhibited agonist efficacy in assays examining 5-HT2A-mediated calcium mobilization and β-arrestin 2 recruitment. In mouse experiments, only the tertiary amines psilocin, psilocybin, and 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (psilacetin) induced head twitch responses (ED50 0.11-0.29 mg/kg) indicative of psychedelic-like activity. Head twitches were blocked by 5-HT2A antagonist pretreatment, supporting 5-HT2A involvement. Both secondary and tertiary amines decreased body temperature and locomotor activity at higher doses, the effects of which were blocked by 5-HT1A antagonist pretreatment. Across all assays, the pharmacological effects of 4-acetoxy and 4-hydroxy compounds were similar, and these compounds were more potent than their 4-phosphoryloxy counterparts. Importantly, psilacetin appears to be a prodrug for psilocin that displays substantial serotonin receptor activities of its own.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2022-11-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177", "pubmed_id": "36407948", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36407948\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308486832\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":91,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1491233801\",\"https://openalex.org/W1895729847\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1907730096\",\"https://openalex.org/W1961859882\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964842931\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974506606\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979676351\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981430494\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994495174\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996279456\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006803138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009258372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013971421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016388239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025880338\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036251618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038437906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051639699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057136443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057298190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071591702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074491668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080760021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083024086\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087542866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114746853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127792081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2226712470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242604812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2300741967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312324544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417371067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492219929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620631001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621905925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789541163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789608017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794166569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805248302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892593592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946994615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999306893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000608994\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013214021\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033752070\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039630529\",\"https://openalex.org/W3040590429\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090497377\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094388406\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113989724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116234192\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196573181\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213217218\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215756748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206328847\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206882396\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206921332\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210795331\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211114943\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220970406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221013630\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229079528\",\"https://openalex.org/W4280616839\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281254572\",\"https://openalex.org/W4282962482\",\"https://openalex.org/W4284698401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4287445228\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037492481\",\"display_name\":\"Eline Pottie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-4055\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012476234\",\"display_name\":\"John S. Partilla\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029982811\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander M. Sherwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0791\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025194246\",\"display_name\":\"Kristi W. Kaylo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034949318\",\"display_name\":\"Duyen N. K. Pham\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-1565\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000035566\",\"display_name\":\"Marilyn Naeem\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052851946\",\"display_name\":\"Vamshikrishna Reddy Sammeta\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112876706\",\"display_name\":\"Stacie DeBoer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006499895\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Golen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-1253\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008927560\",\"display_name\":\"Elliott B. Hulley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-3689\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089838749\",\"display_name\":\"Christophe P. Stove\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-348X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034491084\",\"display_name\":\"A.R. Chadeayne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-0337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030447541\",\"display_name\":\"David R. Manke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-4801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4308486832" }, { "id": 1630, "title": "Psilocybin for alcohol use disorder: Rationale and design considerations for a randomized controlled trial.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for alcohol use disorder rationale and design considerations for a randomized controlled trial", "authors": "O'Donnell KC, Mennenga SE, Owens LT, Podrebarac SK, Baron T, Rotrosen J, Ross S, Forcehimes AA, Bogenschutz MP.", "abstract": "Several lines of evidence suggest that classic psychedelics (5-HT2A receptor agonists or partial agonists) such as psilocybin might facilitate behavior change in individuals with substance use disorders. We conducted a multi-site, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in alcohol-dependent volunteers. In addition to a structured 12-week psychotherapy platform, participants (n = 96) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either oral psilocybin or an active placebo (oral diphenhydramine) in each of two dosing sessions (at weeks 4 and 8). Initial doses were 25 mg/70 kg psilocybin or 50 mg diphenhydramine, which could be increased in the second session depending on initial response. The psychotherapy platform combined evidence-based, manualized therapy for alcohol dependence with a supportive context for the dosing sessions. All participants were followed in the RCT through week 36. At the end of the RCT, participants who still met safety criteria were offered an open-label psilocybin session. Data collected at screening, baseline and throughout the study included: demographics, measures of alcohol use, subjective response to psilocybin and diphenhydramine, and safety measures. The primary outcome was the proportion of heavy drinking days during the 32 weeks after the first dosing session (i.e., between week 4 and week 36). Secondary outcomes included safety, additional measures of drinking (e.g., abstinence, drinking days, etc.), craving, self-efficacy, and acute effects. We will also explore moderators and mediators of the primary outcome. The primary outcomes will be published elsewhere. In this paper, we describe the protocol and rationale for our design decisions.", "journal": "Contemporary Clinical Trials", "publication_date": "2022-11-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.cct.2022.106976", "pubmed_id": "36332827", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2022.106976", "keywords": "Humans, Alcoholism, Diphenhydramine, Treatment Outcome, Alcohol Drinking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36332827\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308040950\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4308040950\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":24,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W157022601\",\"https://openalex.org/W162483627\",\"https://openalex.org/W207715701\",\"https://openalex.org/W1849190772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1917052505\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967146050\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058760199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067970495\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326687065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408251447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2778174446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810374266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953529230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974814938\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292937262\",\"https://openalex.org/W6606426124\",\"https://openalex.org/W6606631404\",\"https://openalex.org/W6608587748\",\"https://openalex.org/W6640214536\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042151214\",\"display_name\":\"Kelley C. O’Donnell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-2699\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087382833\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah E. Mennenga\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025551503\",\"display_name\":\"Lindsey T. Owens\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-5209\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082919402\",\"display_name\":\"Samantha K. Podrebarac\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064916530\",\"display_name\":\"Tara Baron\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071920736\",\"display_name\":\"John Rotrosen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-5576\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007445878\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen Ross\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3037\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075574900\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa A. Forcehimes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S63040059\",\"source_display_name\":\"Contemporary Clinical Trials\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2022.106976\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4308040950" }, { "id": 1647, "title": "Classic psychedelics and alcohol use disorders: A systematic review of human and animal studies.", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics and alcohol use disorders a systematic review of human and animal studies", "authors": "Calleja-Conde J, Morales-García JA, Echeverry-Alzate V, Bühler KM, Giné E, López-Moreno JA.", "abstract": "Classic psychedelics refer to substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, ayahuasca, and mescaline, which induce altered states of consciousness by acting mainly on 5-HT2A receptors. Recently, the interest of psychedelics as pharmacological treatment for psychiatric disorders has increased significantly, including their use on problematic use of alcohol. This systematic review is aimed to analyse the last two decades of studies examining the relationship between classic psychedelics and alcohol consumption. We searched PubMed and PsycInfo for human and preclinical studies published between January 2000 to December 2021. The search identified 639 publications. After selection, 27 studies were included. Human studies (n = 20) generally show promising data and seem to indicate that classic psychedelics could help reduce alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, some of these studies present methodological concerns such as low number of participants, lack of control group or difficulty in determining the effect of classic psychedelics in isolation. On the other hand, preclinical studies (n = 7) investigating the effect of these compounds on voluntary alcohol consumption are scarce and show some conflicting data. Among these compounds, psilocybin seems to show the most consistent data indicating that this compound could be a potential candidate to treat alcohol use disorders. In the absence of understanding the biological and/or psychological mechanisms, more studies including methodological quality parameters are needed to finally determine the effects of classic psychedelics on alcohol consumption.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-10-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1111/adb.13229", "pubmed_id": "36301215", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13229", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Alcoholism, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36301215\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Systematic Review,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3170, "title": "Serotonergic antidepressant use is associated with weaker psilocybin effects", "normalized_title": "serotonergic antidepressant use is associated with weaker psilocybin effects", "authors": "", "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data suggests that psilocybin’s effects may be diminished by serotonergic antidepressants acutely and even after a medication washout period. Aims: To learn the extent to which serotonergic antidepressants may diminish psilocybin’s effects both concurrently and after discontinuation of antidepressants. Methods: Online survey of individuals with use of psilocybin 1) with an antidepressant and/or 2) within two years of discontinuing an antidepressant. Participants who took psilocybin with an antidepressant and either took the same dose of psilocybin pre-antidepressant or took the same dose with other people not on antidepressant reported the strength of psilocybin’s effect relative to their expectation. Participants who took psilocybin following discontinuation of a serotonergic antidepressant also reported the presence of weakened effects. Results: In reports (n=595) of taking psilocybin with an antidepressant, probabilities [95% CI] of weaker than expected psilocybin effects were 0.48 [0.41-0.54] (SSRIs), 0.56 [0.44-0.67] (SNRIs) and 0.29 [0.2-0.39] (bupropion). Following serotonergic antidepressant discontinuation (n=1,542 reports), the odds of reduced psilocybin effects were not significantly different from the earliest post-discontinuation timepoint (within 1 week) until 3-6 months OR = 0.42, 95% [0.25-0.72] p = 0.001. Conclusions: Serotonergic antidepressants appear to weaken psilocybin’s effects relative to a non-serotonergic antidepressant. This dampening effect on psilocybin effects may last as long as 3 months following antidepressant discontinuation.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2022-10-27", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/2zys9_v1", "keywords": "antidepressant, drug interactions, psilocybin, psychedelic, serotonin, Psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"2zys9_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4914, "title": "Psilocybin treatment for AUD: Promise in new study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin treatment for aud promise in new study", "authors": "Alison Knopf", "abstract": "The beneficial effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy on alcohol use disorder (AUD) are significant, based on a study published in JAMA Psychiatry last month. In general, psychedelic medications have been a focus of research, but less is known about psilocybin, and it has been 40 years since the studies with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) provided double the remissions as comparison treatments.", "journal": "Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly", "publication_date": "2022-10-13", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/adaw.33584", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adaw.33584", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Medicine, Lysergic acid, Alcohol use disorder, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Alcohol, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4306177051\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4306177051\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080385726\",\"display_name\":\"Alison Knopf\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S949736260\",\"source_display_name\":\"Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adaw.33584\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4306177051" }, { "id": 1605, "title": "Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic.", "normalized_title": "mescaline the forgotten psychedelic", "authors": "Vamvakopoulou IA, Narine KAD, Campbell I, Dyck JRB, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "IntroductionMescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is one of the oldest hallucinogens, with evidence of use dating back 5700 years. Mescaline is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in cacti, mainly in the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) and in the cacti of the Echinopsis genus. Since the prohibition of psychoactive substances in the early 70s, research on mescaline and other classical psychedelics has been limited.ObjectivesThis article aims to review the pharmacology and behavioural effects of mescaline, focusing on preclinical and clinical research.FindingsMescaline is a serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptor agonist, with its main hallucinogenic effects being mediated via its 5HT2A receptor agonist action. It also exerts effects via agonist binding at α1A/2A noradrenaline and D1/2/3 dopamine receptors. Overall, mescaline has anxiolytic-like effects in animals and increases prosocial behaviour, locomotion, and response reactivity. In humans, mescaline can induce euphoria, hallucinations, improvements in well-being and mental health conditions, and psychotomimetic effects in a naturalistic or religious setting.ConclusionThe pharmacological mechanisms of mescaline are similar to those of other classical psychedelics, like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Mescaline appears to be safe to consume, with most intoxications being mild and easily treatable. Improvement in mental well-being and its ability to overcome alcoholism render mescaline potentially beneficial in clinical settings. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Psilocybin Research'.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-10-13", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109294", "pubmed_id": "36252614", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109294", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Memory Disorders, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36252614\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1660, "title": "Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review.", "normalized_title": "potential therapeutic effects of psilocybin a systematic review", "authors": "Goel DB, Zilate S.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a plant alkaloid that is derived from precursors of tryptamine and is present in many different types of mushrooms. It has been utilized by indigenous peoples of Central and South America for centuries in a ceremonial setting to promote spiritual experiences. Indigenous societies have long employed psilocybin and other 5-HT2A agonist classic psychedelics in their rites. They were a focus in psychiatry in the middle of the 20th century as both experimental medicines and tools for studying brain function. Due to the fact that traditional psychedelics were being used for purposes other than medical research and in connection with the burgeoning counterculture by the late 1960s and early 1970s, these scientific investigations fell out of favor. However, thanks to a number of encouraging studies that validated the earlier research, interest in traditional psychedelics has surged among scientists in the 21st century. In this review, we examine therapeutic studies on psilocybin, the traditional psychedelic that has received the lion's share of recent attention. According to three controlled studies, psilocybin may reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in the context of cancer-related psychological discomfort for at least six months after a single acute treatment for mood and anxiety disorders. Three months after two acute doses, individuals in a small, open-label study with treatment-resistant depression reported fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms. Small, open-label pilot studies on addiction have demonstrated encouraging success rates for alcohol and cigarette addiction. The review also briefly discusses the synthesis, mechanism of action, effects, molecular pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications of psilocybin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-10-11", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.30214", "pubmed_id": "36381758", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30214", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36381758\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Spirituality,Systematic Review,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Contraindications", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4915, "title": "Fungal Hallucinogens: Chemistry, Synthesis, Behavior, Toxicity and Detection Methods in Forensic Perspective", "normalized_title": "fungal hallucinogens chemistry synthesis behavior toxicity and detection methods in forensic perspective", "authors": "Merlin Kirubakarababu, Arputharaj Samson Nesaraj", "abstract": "Certain species of the mushrooms contain the Indole Alkaloids such as Psilocybin and Psilocin which exhibit the psychedelic property. These types of mushrooms can be identified by their unique property known as the blue bruising. These alkaloid compounds may cause the hallucinations and other symptoms. The psilocybin and Psilocin are synthesized from the amino acid Tryptophan and resemble the structure of the hormone Serotonin. They also act as an agonist for the 5-HT2A receptors. Intoxication of these compounds can lead to excitation of the nerves which can eventually cause the hallucination, tachycardia, dilated pupils and dysuria in certain cases which may lead to adverse effects. The metabolic product of the Psilocin is psilocin-o-glucuronide which is excreted in the urine within 6-8 hours of ingestion. Psilocybin and psilocin can be analyzed by preliminary color tests with Ehrlich reagent, Marquis reagentand Mandelin’s reagent. In this review, brief reports are presented about the chromatographic analysis of these compounds. This articlealso discusses the overview of the psychoactive alkaloids present in certain species of mushrooms", "journal": "Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology", "publication_date": "2022-10-09", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.37506/ijfmt.v16i4.18608", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i4.18608", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Psychotomimetic, Alkaloid, Pharmacology, Stereochemistry, Biochemistry, Receptor, Medicine, NMDA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312905304\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4312905304\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W135677869\",\"https://openalex.org/W197427622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1585359829\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966988083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979033622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980997765\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985227285\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997276151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029071824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036715563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049077835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054762481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055807649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067405887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071926809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074715304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083724292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085001535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087778925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093658818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111087316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160625945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316721389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415647721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891343109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039457381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039630529\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131470961\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164319372\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199257971\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246651152\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5092305523\",\"display_name\":\"Merlin Kirubakarababu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059371033\",\"display_name\":\"Arputharaj Samson Nesaraj\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210171399\",\"source_display_name\":\"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i4.18608\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4312905304" }, { "id": 1664, "title": "Lasting increases in trait mindfulness after psilocybin correlate positively with the mystical-type experience in healthy individuals.", "normalized_title": "lasting increases in trait mindfulness after psilocybin correlate positively with the mystical type experience in healthy individuals", "authors": "Søndergaard A, Madsen MK, Ozenne B, Armand S, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM, Stenbæk DS.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin-induced mystical-type experiences are associated with lasting positive psychological outcomes. Recent studies indicate that trait mindfulness is increased 3 months after psilocybin intake, preceded by decreases in neocortical serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) binding. However, the association between psilocybin-induced mystical-type experiences and subsequent changes in trait mindfulness remains unexplored, as does the association between pre-drug trait mindfulness and 5-HT2AR binding in the healthy brain.AimWe evaluated whether psilocybin induced lasting increases in trait mindfulness in healthy volunteers, and whether the mystical-type experience was associated with this increase. We further examined the association between pre-drug trait mindfulness and 5-HT2AR binding in neocortex and selected frontolimbic regions.Materials and methodsForty-six medium-high dose psilocybin sessions were conducted in 39 healthy individuals. The mystical-type experience was measured with the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) at the end of the session. Trait mindfulness was measured using the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) at baseline and 3 months after the psilocybin session. Thirty-two of the participants completed pre-drug [11C]-Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography (PET) to assess 5-HT2AR binding in neocortex and, post-hoc, in the frontolimbic regions amygdala, frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex.ResultsThe MAAS score was significantly increased at 3-month follow-up (p = 3.24 × 10-6), a change positively associated with the MEQ score (p = 0.035). Although the association between pre-drug MAAS score and neocortex 5-HT2AR binding was not significant (p = 0.24), post-hoc analyses revealed a significant negative association between MAAS and right amygdala 5-HT2AR binding (pFWER = 0.008).ConclusionWe here show that lasting changes in trait mindfulness following psilocybin administration are positively associated with intensity of the mystical-type experience, suggesting that the acute phenomenology of psilocybin facilitates a shift in awareness conducive for mindful living. We furthermore show that higher pre-drug trait mindfulness is associated with reduced 5-HT2AR binding in the right amygdala.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychology", "publication_date": "2022-10-04", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948729", "pubmed_id": "36275302", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948729", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36275302\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4302007737\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":35,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1607292526\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970433269\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976347725\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006868984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017307521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039391993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052538643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067940063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068427049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088485035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101070580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103059087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104567971\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127662631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133963272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148011665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153885258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154459716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166540291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273847960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2307885823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2347180461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618615166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885455509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889852496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892061340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938570586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014277121\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043994263\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195587140\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220686675\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226168848\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235661044\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238228770\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240402692\",\"https://openalex.org/W4281391790\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033471577\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Søndergaard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086179765\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Armand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9692511\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948729\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4302007737" }, { "id": 1668, "title": "Receptor-informed network control theory links LSD and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape.", "normalized_title": "receptor informed network control theory links lsd and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain s control energy landscape", "authors": "Singleton SP, Luppi AI, Carhart-Harris RL, Cruzat J, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Stamatakis EA, Kuceyeski A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin temporarily alter subjective experience through their neurochemical effects. Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonism by these compounds is associated with more diverse (entropic) brain activity. We postulate that this increase in entropy may arise in part from a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape, which can be observed using network control theory to quantify the energy required to transition between recurrent brain states. Using brain states derived from existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets, we show that LSD and psilocybin reduce control energy required for brain state transitions compared to placebo. Furthermore, across individuals, reduction in control energy correlates with more frequent state transitions and increased entropy of brain state dynamics. Through network control analysis that incorporates the spatial distribution of 5-HT2a receptors (obtained from publicly available positron emission tomography (PET) data under non-drug conditions), we demonstrate an association between the 5-HT2a receptor and reduced control energy. Our findings provide evidence that 5-HT2a receptor agonist compounds allow for more facile state transitions and more temporally diverse brain activity. More broadly, we demonstrate that receptor-informed network control theory can model the impact of neuropharmacological manipulation on brain activity dynamics.", "journal": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2022-10-02", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1", "pubmed_id": "36192411", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36192411\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Parker Singleton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065968159\",\"display_name\":\"Andrea I. Luppi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6431\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074754048\",\"display_name\":\"Josephine Cruzat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-8657\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963275\",\"display_name\":\"Gustavo Deco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8995-7583\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043559110\",\"display_name\":\"Morten L. Kringelbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-6898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007542404\",\"display_name\":\"Emmanuel A. Stamatakis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-9601\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031732445\",\"display_name\":\"Amy Kuceyeski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-8342\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S64187185\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4300960088" }, { "id": 1649, "title": "A Critical Appraisal of Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs as Emerging Antidepressants: Mind the Evidence Gap.", "normalized_title": "a critical appraisal of evidence on the efficacy and safety of serotonergic psychedelic drugs as emerging antidepressants mind the evidence gap", "authors": "Ledwos N, Rosenblat JD, Blumberger DM, Castle DJ, McIntyre RS, Mulsant BH, Husain MI.", "abstract": "Purpose/backgroundThere has been resurgence of interest in the therapeutic use of serotonergic (\"classic\") psychedelics in major depressive disorder (MDD) and end-of-life distress. This commentary offers a critical appraisal of current evidence for antidepressant effects of classic psychedelics from contemporary clinical trials and highlights pitfalls that should be addressed before clinical translation.Methods/proceduresA narrative review was conducted to identify clinical trials of serotonergic psychedelics for the treatment of MDD and end-of-life distress. Trials published between January 1990 and May 2022 were identified on PubMed using combinations of search terms.Findings/resultsPsilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ayahuasca have clinical trials to evaluate antidepressant effects. Two studies showed preliminary positive effects of single-dose ayahuasca for treatment-resistant depression. Similar results were seen in lysergic acid diethylamide for end-of-life distress. Small randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of psilocybin combined with psychotherapy showed superiority to waitlist controls and comparable efficacy and safety to an active comparator in MDD, with additional RCTs showing efficacy in end-of-life distress. Adverse events associated with psychedelics were reported as mild and transient. Small homogenous samples, expectancy bias, functional unblinding, and lack of consensus and standardization of psychotherapy are major limitations of all studies.Implications/conclusionsGiven the methodological limitations of published RCTs, the evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for depression is currently of low level. Future research should assess the role of expectancy and psychedelic effects in moderating and mediating treatment response. Innovative trial designs are needed to overcome functional unblinding. For now, psychedelics should remain experimental interventions used within clinical trials.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-10-02", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1097/jcp.0000000000001608", "pubmed_id": "36193898", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0000000000001608", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Death, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36193898\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4920, "title": "19.3 Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for MDD: Current Evidence and Clinical Considerations", "normalized_title": "19 3 psilocybin assisted therapy for mdd current evidence and clinical considerations", "authors": "Natalie Gukasyan", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2022-09-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.664", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.664", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Context (archaeology), Hamd, Psychology, Adverse effect, Psychiatry, Depression (economics), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Major depressive disorder, Randomized controlled trial, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Mood, Anxiety, Economics, Biology, Macroeconomics, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4304633208\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4304633208\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048292874\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Gukasyan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-1421\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S60711021\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.664\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4304633208" }, { "id": 1683, "title": "New investigational agents for the treatment of major depressive disorder.", "normalized_title": "new investigational agents for the treatment of major depressive disorder", "authors": "Pochwat B, Krupa AJ, Siwek M, Szewczyk B", "abstract": "Pharmacotherapy of depression is characterized by the delayed onset of action, chronic treatment requirements, and insufficient effectiveness. Ketamine, with its rapid action and long-lasting effects, represents a breakthrough in the modern pharmacotherapy of depression. The current review summarizes the latest findings on the mechanism of the antidepressant action of ketamine and its enantiomers and metabolites. Furthermore, the antidepressant potential of psychedelics, non-hallucinogenic serotonergic modulators, and metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands was discussed. Recent data indicated that to achieve fast and long-acting antidepressant-like effects, compounds must induce durable effects on the architecture and density of dendritic spines in brain regions engaged in mood regulation. Such mechanisms underlie the actions of ketamine and psychedelics. These compounds trigger hallucinations; however, it is thought that these effects might be essential for their antidepressant action. Behavioral studies with serotonergic modulators affecting 5-HT1A (biased agonists), 5-HT4 (agonists), and 5-HT-7 (antagonists) receptors exert rapid antidepressant-like activity, but they seem to be devoid of these effects. Another way to avoid psychomimetic effects and achieve the desired rapid antidepressant-like effects is combined therapy. In this respect, ligands of metabotropic receptors show some potential.", "journal": "Expert opinion on investigational drugs", "publication_date": "2022-09-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1080/13543784.2022.2113376", "pubmed_id": "35975761", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35975761/", "keywords": "NMDA, Rapid-acting antidepressant, depression, ketamine, psilocybin, serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"35975761\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1673, "title": "Animal Behavior in Psychedelic Research.", "normalized_title": "animal behavior in psychedelic research", "authors": "Odland AU, Kristensen JL, Andreasen JT.", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy holds great promise in the treatment of mental health disorders. Research into 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist psychedelic compounds has increased dramatically over the past two decades. In humans, these compounds produce drastic effects on consciousness, and their therapeutic potential relates to changes in the processing of emotional, social, and self-referential information. The use of animal behavior to study psychedelics is under debate, and this review provides a critical perspective on the translational value of animal behavior studies in psychedelic research. Acute activation of 5-HT2ARs produces head twitches and unique discriminative cues, disrupts sensorimotor gating, and stimulates motor activity while inhibiting exploration in rodents. The acute treatment with psychedelics shows discrepant results in conventional rodent tests of depression-like behaviors but generally induces anxiolytic-like effects and inhibits repetitive behavior in rodents. Psychedelics impair waiting impulsivity but show discrepant effects in other tests of cognitive function. Tests of social interaction also show conflicting results. Effects on measures of time perception depend on the experimental schedule. Lasting or delayed effects of psychedelics in rodent tests related to different behavioral domains appear to be rather sensitive to changes in experimental protocols. Studying the effects of psychedelics on animal behaviors of relevance to effects on psychiatric symptoms in humans, assessing lasting effects, publishing negative findings, and relating behaviors in rodents and humans to other more translatable readouts, such as neuroplastic changes, will improve the translational value of animal behavioral studies in psychedelic research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin have received immense interest as potential new treatments of psychiatric disorders. Psychedelics change high-order consciousness in humans, and there is debate about the use of animal behavior studies to investigate these compounds. This review provides an overview of the behavioral effects of 5-HT2AR agonist psychedelics in laboratory animals and discusses the translatability of the effects in animals to effects in humans. Possible ways to improve the utility of animal behavior in psychedelic research are discussed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-09-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1124/pharmrev.122.000590", "pubmed_id": "36180111", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.122.000590", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36180111\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3126, "title": "Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression", "normalized_title": "brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Vohryzek J, Cabral J, Lord L, Fernandes H, Roseman L, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R, Deco G, Kringelbach M.", "abstract": "Abstract Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here we leveraged the differential outcome in responders and non-responders to psilocybin (10mg and 25mg, 7 days apart) therapy for depression - to gain new insights into regions and networks implicated in the restoration of healthy brain dynamics. We used whole-brain modelling to fit the spatiotemporal brain dynamics at rest in both responders and non-responders before treatment. Dynamic sensitivity analysis of systematic perturbation of these models enabled us to identify specific brain regions implicated in a transition from a depressive brain state to a heathy one. Binarizing the sample into treatment responders (> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms) versus non-responders enabled us to identify a subset of regions implicated in this change. Interestingly, these regions correlate with in vivo density maps of serotonin receptors 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A, which psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, has an appreciable affinity for, and where it acts as a full-to-partial agonist. Serotonergic transmission has long been associated with depression and our findings provide causal mechanistic evidence for the role of brain regions in the recovery from depression via psilocybin.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2022-09-19", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-2060381/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2060381/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR548038\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3327, "title": "Neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery", "normalized_title": "neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery", "authors": "Stoliker D, Preller KH, Novelli L, Anticevic A, Egan GF, Vollenweider FX, Razi A.", "abstract": "Visual alterations under classic psychedelics can include rich phenomenological accounts of eyes-closed imagery. Preclinical evidence suggests agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor may reduce synaptic gain to produce psychedelic-induced imagery. However, this has not been investigated in humans. To infer the directed connectivity changes to visual sensory connectivity underlying psychedelic visual imagery in healthy adults, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed, and dynamic causal modelling was applied to the resting state eyes-closed functional MRI scans of 24 subjects after administration of 0.2mg/kg of the serotonergic psychedelic drug, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), or placebo. The effective connectivity model included the early visual area, fusiform gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We observed a pattern of increased self-inhibition of both early visual and higher visual-association regions under psilocybin that was consistent with preclinical findings. We also observed a pattern of reduced inhibition from visual-association regions to earlier visual areas that indicated top-down connectivity is enhanced during visual imagery. The results were associated with behavioural measures taken immediately after the scans, suggesting psilocybin-induced decreased sensitivity to neural inputs is associated with the perception of eyes-closed visual imagery. The findings inform our basic and clinical understanding of visual perception. They reveal neural mechanisms that, by affecting balance, may increase the impact of top-down feedback connectivity on perception, which could contribute to the visual imagery seen with eyes-closed during psychedelic experiences.", "journal": "medRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-09-08", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.09.07.22279700", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.07.22279700", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "medRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR541900\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"medRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3189, "title": "Effect of psilocybin on marble-burying in ICR mice: Role of 5-HT1A receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin on marble burying in icr mice role of 5 ht1a receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Lerer B, Singh S, Botvinnik A, Shahar O, Wolf G, Yakobi C, Saban M, Salama A, Lotan A, Lifschytz T.", "abstract": "Abstract Preliminary clinical findings, supported by preclinical studies employing behavioral paradigms such as marble-burying, suggest that psilocybin may be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. On this background, we set out to explore 1) the role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors in the effect of psilocybin on marble-burying; 2) the effect of staggered versus bolus psilocybin administration and persistence of the effect; 3) the effect of the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone, on marble-burying and the head-twitch response (HTR) induced by psilocybin, a rodent correlate of psychedelic effects. Male ICR mice were administered psilocybin 4.4 mg/kg, escitalopram 5 mg/kg, 8-OH-DPAT2 mg/kg, M100907 2 mg/kg, buspirone 5 mg/kg, WAY100635 2 mg/kg or combinations, intraperitoneally, and were tested on the MBT. HTR was examined in a magnetometer-based assay. The results show that 1) Psilocybin and escitalopram significantly reduced marble-burying. The effect of psilocybin was not attenuated by the 5-HT2A antagonist, M100907. The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT reduced marble-burying as did the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT was additive to that of psilocybin but that of buspirone was not. The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635, attenuated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone but not the effect of psilocybin. 2) Psilocybin injections over 3.5 hours had no effect on marble-burying and the effect of bolus injection was not persistent. 3) Co-administration of buspirone with psilocybin blocked its effect on HTR. These data suggest that neither 5-HT2A nor 5-HT1A receptors are pivotally implicated in the effect of psilocybin on marble-burying. Co-administration with buspirone may block the psychedelic effects of psilocybin without impeding its anti-obsessional effects.", "journal": "Research Square", "publication_date": "2022-09-07", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-2001983/v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2001983/v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR541577\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Research Square\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1698, "title": "Effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression.", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression", "authors": "Barba T, Buehler S, Kettner H, Radu C, Cunha BG, Nutt DJ, Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Carhart-Harris R.", "abstract": "BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is often associated with maladaptive coping strategies, including rumination and thought suppression.AimsTo assess the comparative effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram, and the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin (COMP360), on rumination and thought suppression in major depressive disorder.MethodBased on data derived from a randomised clinical trial (N = 59), we performed exploratory analyses on the impact of escitalopram versus psilocybin (i.e. condition) on rumination and thought suppression from 1 week before to 6 weeks after treatment inception (i.e. time), using mixed analysis of variance. Condition responder versus non-responder subgroup analyses were also done, using the standard definition of ≥50% symptom reduction.ResultsA time×condition interaction was found for rumination (F(1, 56) = 4.58, P = 0.037) and thought suppression (F(1,57) = 5.88, P = 0.019), with post hoc tests revealing significant decreases exclusively in the psilocybin condition. When analysing via response, a significant time×condition×response interaction for thought suppression (F(1,54) = 8.42, P = 0.005) and a significant time×response interaction for rumination (F(1,54) = 23.50, P < 0.001) were evident. Follow-up tests revealed that decreased thought suppression was exclusive to psilocybin responders, whereas rumination decreased in both responder groups. In the psilocybin arm, decreases in rumination and thought suppression correlated with ego dissolution and session-linked psychological insight.ConclusionsThese data provide further evidence on the therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin and escitalopram in the treatment of depression.", "journal": "BJPsych Open", "publication_date": "2022-09-05", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1192/bjo.2022.565", "pubmed_id": "36065128", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.565", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36065128\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4294808278\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"compound:comp360\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":57,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1534895897\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014891896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030767477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034323533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081064950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149402043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2728383199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796377954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157759986\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206700491\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211130665\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4237812064\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253507931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300870773\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005427567\",\"display_name\":\"Tommaso Barba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-4628\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027485819\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah Buehler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002649940\",\"display_name\":\"Caterina Radu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6386-8857\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028567759\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi Cunha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764831659\",\"source_display_name\":\"BJPsych Open\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.565\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4294808278" }, { "id": 1606, "title": "The Safety and Efficacy of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies for Older Adults: Knowns and Unknowns.", "normalized_title": "the safety and efficacy of psychedelic assisted therapies for older adults knowns and unknowns", "authors": "Johnston CB, Mangini M, Grob C, Anderson B.", "abstract": "Psychedelics and related compounds have shown efficacy for the treatment of a variety of conditions that are prevalent among older adults, including mood disorders, the psychological distress associated with a serious medical illness, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and prolonged grief disorder. Psychedelics also have properties that could help provide therapeutic benefits for patients with dementing disorders, as well as promoting personal growth among healthy older adults. This article focuses on psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, and MDMA, a substituted amphetamine with properties similar to classic psychedelics. Both act on the 5HT2A receptor. Psychedelics can be safely administered to healthy adults in controlled conditions. However, both psilocybin and MDMA can increase blood pressure and heart rate, which could be a concern if used in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Very few older adults or patients with serious comorbidities have been included in clinical trials of psychedelics to date, raising the question of how generalizable study results are for the patients that most geropsychiatrists will be treating. Research on the neurophysiologic and mechanistic effects of psychedelics in older adults could also provide insights into the aging brain that could have clinical applications in the future. Given the potential of psychedelic compounds to benefit older adults, more research is needed to establish safety and efficacy among older adults, particularly those with multi-morbidity.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-09-05", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.jagp.2022.08.007", "pubmed_id": "36184377", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2022.08.007", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Hallucinogens, Aged, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36184377\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Older Adults,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4294723946" }, { "id": 5632, "title": "Psychedelics’ binding depends on receptor mutations", "normalized_title": "psychedelics binding depends on receptor mutations", "authors": "special to C EN Attabey Rodríguez Benítez", "abstract": "In clinical trials, some participants with depression and posttraumatic stress disorder report improvements to their mental health after treatment with psychedelic substances, while others report no significant effect. A team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has now reported that natural variations in a serotonin receptor could affect how some psychedelic compounds interact with cells; such variations could be related to whether patients respond to treatments ( ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00815 ). The team synthesized seven naturally occurring human variants of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, which is a protein made in neurons and binds to a precursor of serotonin called 5-hydroxytryptamine. Upon binding, the receptor becomes activated, causing shifts in emotion and cognition. But other molecules, including psychedelic drugs, can also activate this receptor. The researchers gauged the potency of psychedelic compounds, including psilocin, LSD, mescaline, and 5-methoxy- N, N -dimethyltryptamine, in", "journal": "C&EN Global Enterprise", "publication_date": "2022-09-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1021/cen-10031-scicon6", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-10031-scicon6", "keywords": "Mescaline, Receptor, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Binding site, 5-HT receptor, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:10", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4294310361\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4294310361\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026702885\",\"display_name\":\"special to C EN Attabey Rodríguez Benítez\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210177211\",\"source_display_name\":\"C&EN Global Enterprise\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-10031-scicon6\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4294310361" }, { "id": 4936, "title": "P03-21 Magic mushrooms and psilocybin: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical applications", "normalized_title": "p03 21 magic mushrooms and psilocybin pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics and clinical applications", "authors": "Diana Dias da Silva, Andreia Machado Brito-da-Costa, Silveira Martins, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Áurea Madureira-Carvalho", "abstract": "", "journal": "Toxicology Letters", "publication_date": "2022-08-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.283", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.283", "keywords": "MDMA, Pharmacology, Conditioned place preference, Serotonin, Dopamine, 5-HT receptor, Striatum, Chemistry, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Conditioning, Psychology, Receptor, Medicine, Neuroscience, Biochemistry, Mineralogy, Statistics, Mathematics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4295990945\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4295990945\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508676284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W6786097653\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029670056\",\"display_name\":\"Diana Dias da Silva\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-9157\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048312717\",\"display_name\":\"Andreia Machado Brito-da-Costa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-1598\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077513584\",\"display_name\":\"Silveira Martins\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001459260\",\"display_name\":\"Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-6297\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040103503\",\"display_name\":\"Áurea Madureira-Carvalho\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-6802\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205878144\",\"source_display_name\":\"Toxicology Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.283\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4295990945" }, { "id": 4932, "title": "Psychedelics in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in the treatment of substance use disorders", "authors": "Brian S. Barnett, Jeremy Weleff", "abstract": "Growing evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests that psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and psilocybin may hold treatment potential for alcohol, opioid, tobacco, and other substance use disorders (SUDs). The mechanisms by which psychedelics might exert therapeutic efficacy in these conditions have not been fully elucidated, although the subjective effects of the psychedelic experience appear necessary. Given the often profound nature of psychedelic experiences, they may serve as turning points in the life narratives of users, eliciting lasting behavioral change. To better characterize the extent of psychedelics' therapeutic potential in patients with SUDs, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed, with some already underway. However, even if such trials demonstrate compelling evidence of psychedelics' therapeutic potential, these substances may still face considerable challenges to integration into the current SUDs treatment paradigm because of clinician concerns about their addictive potential and philosophical objections from 12-step facilitation programs. [ Psychiatr Ann. 2022;52(9):365-370.]", "journal": "Psychiatric Annals", "publication_date": "2022-08-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3928/00485713-20220804-01", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20220804-01", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Addiction, Psychotherapist, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4294911981\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4294911981\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551733333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2573408014\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618371434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741751536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897360754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033913667\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108218550\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3130074420\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132728164\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158614341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3186114733\",\"https://openalex.org/W3195045424\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197297571\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200405004\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205906672\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213251631\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018028836\",\"display_name\":\"Brian S. Barnett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-5701\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012793626\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Weleff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-7412\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S59157943\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric Annals\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20220804-01\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4294911981" }, { "id": 3383, "title": "Therapeutic potential of serotoninergic psychedelic substances in the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder", "normalized_title": "therapeutic potential of serotoninergic psychedelic substances in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Rodrigues J, Nombora O, Ribeiro L.", "abstract": "Introduction Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder associated with suffering and disability. The serotoninergic system is implicated in the neurobiological processes of OCD and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are the first-line treatment. However, clinical improvement after starting SRIs can take long and patients may not fully recover. Meanwhile, recent data suggests that activation of 5-HT receptors may exert a therapeutic action in obsessional symptoms. Some psychedelics are strong 5-HT2 receptor agonists and there is a growing research interest as they can be a promising therapeutic approach to OCD. Objectives We aim to provide an overview on the current evidence on the therapeutic potential of serotoninergic psychoactive substances in the treatment of OCD. Methods Non-systematic review. Literature search in the PubMed database using the terms psychedelics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Results Although research is currently limited to a few small studies, the ones conducted so far showed clinically meaningful acute reduction of OCD symptoms after treatment with serotoninergic psychoactive drugs, as well as possible longer-lasting benefits, particularly with psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Furthermore, substance-assisted psychotherapy with psychedelics has been showing promising results, being suitable for OCD treatment. It is important to add that, to date, studies have indicated relatively good tolerability to these drugs. Conclusions These promising early findings highlight the role of psychedelics in OCD treatment and the need for further research into efficacy, therapeutic mechanisms and safety, in order to determine whether these drugs may be worthy options for OCD treatment in the future. Disclosure No significant relationships.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-08-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9567436", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:52", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9567436\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3267, "title": "A Review of Aeruginascin and Potential Entourage Effect in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms", "normalized_title": "a review of aeruginascin and potential entourage effect in hallucinogenic mushrooms", "authors": "Chue P, Andreiev A, Bucuci E, Els C, Chue J.", "abstract": "Introduction The 5-HT2A agonist classic psychedelic, psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a tryptophan, indole-based alkaloid present in up to 2% of certain hallucinogenic “magic” mushroom species; typically Psilocybe azurescens, semilanceata, and cyanescens,. In addition, mushrooms may contain psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine). Both are indolylalkylamines (tryptamines); other naturally occurring tryptamine compounds include norbaeocystin, baeocystin, norpsilocin, and aeruginascin. A putative synergistic contribution of these compounds has been referred to as the “entourage” effect. Aeruginascin (N,N,N-trimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine) is found naturally in Inocybe aeruginascens and Pholiotina cyanopus mushroom species and ingestion reportedly invokes elevation in mood without accompanying hallucinogenic effects: Objectives To review the pharmacology of aeruginascin and putative entourage effect. Methods The extant literature on aeruginascin was reviewed and discussed. Results Methylation of aeruginascin results in an active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine (4-HO-TMT) which has been shown to bind at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B receptors with Inhibition Constants (Ki) of 4400, 670, and 120 nM respectively; compared with psilocybin’s binding of 567.4, 107.2 and 4.6 nM respectively. Further, 4-HO-TMT does not bind at the 5-HT3 receptor, and as a quaternary trimethylammonium compound it is less likely to be able to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Conclusions There are very limited data with respect to the pharmacology of aeruginascin. Its activity at serotonin receptors is less by several orders of magnitude than psilocybin and it has potentially less brain penetrance. Given that it is found in different mushrooms species the data would suggest that its direct contribution to any entourage effect is limited. Further research in needed into other naturally occurring tryptamine compounds. Disclosure PC is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Zylorion. AA, EB, JC, CE have no disclosures to report.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-08-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9568164", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9568164\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1694, "title": "The Use of Psychedelics in the Treatment of Medical Conditions: An Analysis of Currently Registered Psychedelics Studies in the American Drug Trial Registry.", "normalized_title": "the use of psychedelics in the treatment of medical conditions an analysis of currently registered psychedelics studies in the american drug trial registry", "authors": "Kurtz JS, Patel NA, Gendreau JL, Yang C, Brown N, Bui N, Picton B, Harris M, Hatter M, Beyer R, Sahyouni R, Diaz-Aguilar LD, Castellanos J, Schuster N, Abraham ME", "abstract": "Although early therapeutic research on psychedelics dates back to the 1940s, this field of investigation was met with many cultural and legal challenges in the 1970s. Over the past two decades, clinical trials using psychedelics have resumed. Therefore, the goal of this study was to (1) better characterize the recent uptrend in psychedelics in clinical trials and (2) identify areas where potentially new clinical trials could be initiated to help in the treatment of widely prevalent medical disorders. A systematic search was conducted on the clinicaltrials.gov database for all registered clinical trials examining the use of psychedelic drugs and was both qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. Analysis of recent studies registered in clinicaltrials.gov was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient testing. Statistical analysis and visualization were performed using R software. In totality, 105 clinical trials met this study's inclusion criteria. The recent uptrend in registered clinical trials studying psychedelics (p = 0.002) was similar to the uptrend in total registered clinical trials in the registry (p < 0.001). All trials took place from 2007 to 2020, with 77.1% of studies starting in 2017 or later. A majority of clinical trials were in phase 1 (53.3%) or phase 2 (25.7%). Common disorders treated include substance addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder, and major depressive disorder. Potential research gaps include studying psychedelics as a potential option for symptomatic treatment during opioid tapering. There appears to be a recent uptrend in registered clinical trials studying psychedelics, which is similar to the recent increase in overall trials registered. Potentially, more studies could be performed to evaluate the potential of psychedelics for symptomatic treatment during opioid tapering and depression refractory to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.", "journal": "Cureus", "publication_date": "2022-08-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.29167", "pubmed_id": "36259015", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36259015/", "keywords": "clinical trials, major depressive disorder, mdma, post traumatic stress disorder, psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36259015\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1168, "title": "Psychedelic Psychiatry", "normalized_title": "psychedelic psychiatry", "authors": "Nutt D.", "abstract": "The last decade has seen a remarkable resurgence of interest in psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin (from magic mushrooms) LSD and DMT (dimethyl tryptamine - the active ingredient of ayahuasca). This has been driven by the discovery that these psychedelics all act agonists of 5-HT2A receptors. Human imaging studies have revealed this action leads to profound alterations in brain measures of activity particularly in terms of increased entropy of EEG MEG and fMRI signals and reduced within-network, but increased between-network, connectivity. In addition they all can increase synaptic growth and brain plasticity. These findings not only explain the subjective nature of the psychedelic experience but also have implications for the treatment of internalising disorders such as depression addiction anorexia and OCD that are characterised by increased within network connectivity especially of the default mode network. Subsequent trials, particularly of psilocybin, in these disorders has revealed significant clinical benefits from even just a single administration. A number of companies have now been set up to extend these discoveries with regulatory-level trials that could result in market authorisations within a few years. My talk will explore these brain mechanisms and clinical data and discuss the potential place of psychedelic medicine in the future of psychiatry. Disclosure I am an advisor to Compass pathways and Beckley Psytec two companies that are developing psychedelics for depression and other psychiatric indications. Several members of my research group receive support from these companies and also from Small Pharma.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-08-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9565852", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9565852\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Eating Disorders,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1678, "title": "Serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2c and 5-HT1A receptor involvement in the acute effects of psilocybin in mice. In vitro pharmacological profile and modulation of thermoregulation and head-twich response.", "normalized_title": "serotonin 5 ht2a 5 ht2c and 5 ht1a receptor involvement in the acute effects of psilocybin in mice in vitro pharmacological profile and modulation of thermoregulation and head twich response", "authors": "Erkizia-Santamaría I, Alles-Pascual R, Horrillo I, Meana JJ, Ortega JE.", "abstract": "The psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor (5HT2AR) agonist psilocybin (or the active metabolite psilocin) has emerged as potential useful drug for various neuropsychiatric diseases, with a rapid onset of therapeutic activity. However, the mechanisms responsible for such effects remain incompletely characterized. We aimed to study in vitro pharmacological profile and in vivo acute mechanism of psilocin/psilocybin. Competition binding studies with psilocin were performed in brain and cell cultures. The role of 5HT2AR, 5-HT2C receptors (5HT2CR) and 5-HT1A receptors (5HT1AR) on the psychosis-like head-twitch response (HTR) and on body temperature in mice after psilocybin administration were evaluated. Psilocin showed similar affinities for 5HT2AR (Ki: 120-173 nM), 5HT2CR (Ki: 79-311 nM) and 5-HT1AR (Ki: 152-146 nM) in human and mice brain. Psilocybin induced a dose-dependent HTR (maximal effect 17.07 ± 1.31 at 1 mg/kg i.p.) that was completely suppressed by the 5HT2AR antagonist MDL11939 (1 mg/kg). Higher doses of psilocybin (3 mg/kg) induced lower HTR (9.00 ± 0.53). The 5HT2CR antagonist SB242084 (0.1 mg/kg) increased HTR exerted by psilocybin (3 mg/kg). Psilocybin significantly raised core body temperature at low dose (0.125 mg/kg) (Emax=0.67 ± 0.15 °C), whereas a significant decrease was induced by doses over 1 mg/kg (Emax = -1.31 ± 0.16 °C). Pre-treatment with the 5HT1AR antagonist WAY100635 reversed the decrease of body temperature after psilocybin (1 mg/kg), causing hyperthermia (Emax = 0.94 ± 0.26 °C). The present work provides key findings on the 5HT2AR, 5-HT2CR and 5HT1AR involvement in the acute central effects of psilocybin. The results may be relevant for understanding the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects and side effects of this psychedelic drug.", "journal": "Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy", "publication_date": "2022-08-29", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113612", "pubmed_id": "36049313", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113612", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Mice, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Hallucinogens, Body Temperature Regulation, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36049313\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293729162\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":106,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1491233801\",\"https://openalex.org/W1558293110\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974249867\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977125061\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984962861\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987187456\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016166396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016783203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018617325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020897170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065203647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069466951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083255699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091016019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091648211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094569992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095268995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096400789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099797657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109354517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161047862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2432259727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891321385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900124441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958422128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161556967\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179469168\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205085416\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210571302\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200067366\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214649547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W6640630516\",\"https://openalex.org/W6803241201\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064629089\",\"display_name\":\"Ines Erkizia-Santamaría\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-4571\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007763947\",\"display_name\":\"R. Alles-Pascual\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028869928\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Horrillo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024198476\",\"display_name\":\"J. Javier Meana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033481973\",\"display_name\":\"Jorge E. Ortega\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-874X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S15111687\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113612\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4293729162" }, { "id": 1697, "title": "Skepticism about Recent Evidence That Psilocybin \"Liberates\" Depressed Minds.", "normalized_title": "skepticism about recent evidence that psilocybin liberates depressed minds", "authors": "Doss MK, Barrett FS, Corlett PR.", "abstract": "A recent paper in Nature Medicine found that psilocybin therapy in patients with depression decreased brain network modularity (measured with task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging), an effect supposedly not found with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor S-citalopram. This decrease in network modularity also correlated with depression. Here, we raise several issues with this paper, including inconsistencies in reports of the primary clinical outcome, statistical flaws including a one-tailed test, nonsignificant interaction, and regression to the mean, the ambiguity and overinterpretation of \"resting state\" data, and a missing reference for a conceptually similar study that exemplifies why a one-tailed test cannot be justified. Together, these issues make us question the uniqueness and impact of these findings, as well as the unwarranted media hype that they generated.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2022-08-23", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00461", "pubmed_id": "36001741", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00461", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Citalopram, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psilocybin, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36001741\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293101872\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293101872\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":21,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1998268694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013758811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024729467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030727443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035594288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041709533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105031232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128129825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151433332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165810797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537627674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791860867\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903449135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964532546\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128518091\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204867366\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220700329\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220838968\",\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297415453\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084261335\",\"display_name\":\"Manoj K. Doss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-2522\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045479268\",\"display_name\":\"Philip R. Corlett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-1992\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00461\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4293101872" }, { "id": 1687, "title": "Where do we go next in antidepressant drug discovery? A new generation of antidepressants: a pivotal role of AMPA receptor potentiation and mGlu2/3 receptor antagonism.", "normalized_title": "where do we go next in antidepressant drug discovery a new generation of antidepressants a pivotal role of ampa receptor potentiation and mglu2 3 receptor antagonism", "authors": "Pilc A, Machaczka A, Kawalec P, Smith JL, Witkin JM.", "abstract": "IntroductionMajor depressive disorder remains a prevalent world-wide health problem. Currently available antidepressant medications take weeks of dosing, do not produce antidepressant response in all patients, and have undesirable ancillary effects.Areas coveredThe present opinion piece focuses on the major inroads to the creation of new antidepressants. These include N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and related compounds like ketamine, psychedelic drugs like psilocybin, and muscarinic receptor antagonists like scopolamine. The preclinical and clinical pharmacological profile of these new-age antidepressant drugs is discussed.Expert opinionPreclinical and clinical data have accumulated to predict a next generation of antidepressant medicines. In contrast to the current standard of care antidepressant drugs, these compounds differ in that they demonstrate rapid activity, often after a single dose, and effects that outlive their presence in brain. These compounds also can provide efficacy for treatment-resistant depressed patients. The mechanism of action of these compounds suggests a strong glutamatergic component that involves the facilitation of AMPA receptor function. Antagonism of mGlu2/3 receptors is also relevant to the antidepressant pharmacology of this new class of drugs. Based upon the ongoing efforts to develop these new-age antidepressants, new drug approvals are predicted in the near future.", "journal": "Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery", "publication_date": "2022-08-21", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1080/17460441.2022.2111415", "pubmed_id": "35934973", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2022.2111415", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Scopolamine, Receptors, AMPA, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35934973\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4290613434\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4290613434\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":20,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W850398009\",\"https://openalex.org/W1471744102\",\"https://openalex.org/W1484576876\",\"https://openalex.org/W1525839404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1914381346\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964466640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966625400\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974018894\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109816\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977432854\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978157729\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986641829\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988399235\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991333985\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996780673\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997113206\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011804248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017831452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022236488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022279290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024985387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032184432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042166364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049563161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051925083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052605136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052617026\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056272943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057669536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058805315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060089850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061664301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062230026\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067166581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069261330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075352853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076033624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077532061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078171419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088354687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089329356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092168779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093036934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094297227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106042714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131722356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131786905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144269887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144886680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2240673715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306150738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313258300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319679009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319982487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333423981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415443438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415986446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2436735416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508555127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528777034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557879850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606316700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610214294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618399463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2635220959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752088033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765759410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787215891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2811304329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887130912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888383586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888398116\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889166554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893556097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900628218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901423929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901835156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902748937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905977615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909539449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917916000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922005496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922048335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946585706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982430136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988658447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996052033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999514415\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003830815\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007923795\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014355680\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014935233\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015053440\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016734864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3017470760\",\"https://openalex.org/W3030621996\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036276724\",\"https://openalex.org/W3043046802\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046957448\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081506076\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082490768\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088001093\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088226621\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093084992\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108229983\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120001383\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120731683\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125391471\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132500005\",\"https://o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Pilc\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-0597\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046125337\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Machaczka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-4795\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023818598\",\"display_name\":\"Paweł Kawalec\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-0947\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030461360\",\"display_name\":\"Jodi L. Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-8548\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090899159\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey M. Witkin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-148X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S142541038\",\"source_display_name\":\"Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2022.2111415\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4290613434" }, { "id": 4939, "title": "Delix Therapeutics: psychedelics without the trip", "normalized_title": "delix therapeutics psychedelics without the trip", "authors": "Ken Garber", "abstract": "", "journal": "Nature Biotechnology", "publication_date": "2022-08-18", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/d41587-022-00006-0", "pubmed_id": "35986098", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41587-022-00006-0", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, MDMA, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:51:56", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4292379720\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4292379720\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108842195\",\"display_name\":\"Ken Garber\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S106963461\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Biotechnology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41587-022-00006-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4292379720" }, { "id": 4940, "title": "Examining Attitudes to Psilocybin: Should Candidates for Medical Psilocybin be Required to Pass a Contextual Suitability Test?", "normalized_title": "examining attitudes to psilocybin should candidates for medical psilocybin be required to pass a contextual suitability test", "authors": "Mark Molumby, Keith Gaynor, Suzanne Guérin, Róisín McNamara", "abstract": "Due to increasing evidence of efficacy in treating mental health disorders, psilocybin may become a legal medicinal drug. This study tested the validity of Carhart-Harris and Nutt’s (2017) model of extra-pharmacological (EP) factors. It examined whether such factors should be considered in any psychological suitability test for medicinally prescribed psilocybin. Two hundred nineteen participants (101 self-identified females, 109 males, seven nonbinary people, and two who preferred not to say), in an age range of 18 to 68 years, completed three online measures of personality- Set, Setting, and Intention-and the Attitudes Toward Psilocybin (ATP) scale. The sample was equally divided between those who had used psychedelics (52.1%) and those who had no previous psychedelic use (47.5%). A series of stepwise linear regressions were run to examine whether EP factors predicted ATP scores. The ATP scale was tested for reliability, construct validity, and determinant validity and was deemed an appropriate measure. A model consisting of a positive Set, Openness to Experience, and lower Extraversion significantly predicted ATP scores. These findings supported the EP model and suggested that a suitability test may be a useful tool when determining whether a prescription of psilocybin is an appropriate course of treatment.", "journal": "Journal of Humanistic Psychology", "publication_date": "2022-08-17", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/00221678221110331", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678221110331", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Openness to experience, Test (biology), Criterion validity, Scale (ratio), Lysergic acid diethylamide, Construct validity, Psychiatry, Psychometrics, Social psychology, Medicine, Paleontology, Physics, Internal medicine, Biology, Serotonin, Quantum mechanics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4292370110\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4292370110\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020765789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031168265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042371155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054460669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062280179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083958927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159375941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2598155337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2681791877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971831602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2975755375\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158642864\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072585208\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Molumby\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019881084\",\"display_name\":\"Keith Gaynor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-7858\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048522731\",\"display_name\":\"Suzanne Guérin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-7590\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034853803\",\"display_name\":\"Róisín McNamara\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-8062\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207414187\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Humanistic Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678221110331\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4292370110" }, { "id": 4941, "title": "A-118 Psychedelic Interventions for Neuropsychological Conditions", "normalized_title": "a 118 psychedelic interventions for neuropsychological conditions", "authors": "Brian Peacock", "abstract": "Abstract Objective: Psychedelic-assisted therapies are emerging as safe and effective treatments for some psychological conditions including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. As ketamine therapy is already available in general medicine and 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin are in late-stage clinical trials, neuropsychologists should be aware of these therapy options. The goal of this study was to identify new targets for psychedelic intervention and to evaluate the applicability and contraindications of psychedelic therapies in those with neuropsychological conditions. Data Selection: A systematic literature search was performed using 128 topic keywords covering topics related to psychedelic pharmacology, risk, neuroscience, neuropsychology, psychological change, and clinical applications. These keywords were searched in combination with names of eight major psychedelics for a total of 1024 separate Google Scholar searches. This yielded 4319 papers with over eight hundred included based on translational relevance. Data Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a translational approach, with findings building from basic research to clinical application. Literature was summarized into tables comparing sample, technique, statistical confidence, and effect size (computed when not available). Critical analysis was performed to evaluate the literature and generate new clinical insights. Conclusion: Emerging opportunities for psychedelic therapies to treat neuropsychological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular accident, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were identified. Some contraindications were also found to psychedelic treatment of psychological disorders that co-occur with neuropsychological conditions. These findings are contextualized with the current state of psychedelic medicine to support practitioners in providing actionable clinical recommendations.", "journal": "Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology", "publication_date": "2022-08-16", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/arclin/acac060.118", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.118", "keywords": "Neuropsychology, Psychology, Psilocybin, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Psychological intervention, Clinical trial, Intervention (counseling), MDMA, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Cognition, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4292089187\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4292089187\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112162856\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Peacock\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S13265631\",\"source_display_name\":\"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.118\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety,Contraindications", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4292089187" }, { "id": 3554, "title": "Prophylactic Effects of Psilocybin on Chronic Cluster Headache: an Open-label Clinical Trial and Neuroimaging Study", "normalized_title": "prophylactic effects of psilocybin on chronic cluster headache an open label clinical trial and neuroimaging study", "authors": "Gitte Moos Knudsen", "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to investigate the prophylactic effects of psilocybin in chronic cluster headache. Subjects will receive a low dose of psilocybin during 3 sessions spaced by one week. Subjects will maintain a headache diary prior to, during, and after the administrations in order to document headache frequency, intensity and duration. Subjects will undergo a fMRI scanning before the first and after the last psilocybin session. Cluster headache (CH) is one of the most painful conditions known. CH affects 1 out 1000 and exists in two well-defined forms: episodic (ECH) and chronic (CCH). Ten to fifteen percent of patients have CCH and have less than three months of pain-free time during a year. Medical treatment for CH is divided into acute abortive treatment for the single attack and a prophylactic treatment. The most commonly used prophylactic, verapamil, decreases attack frequency but does not induce remission and very high doses are needed. Although most therapeutic options ameliorate CH, they may be problematic due to major side effects, unsatisfactory treatment response or availability. Thus, novel treatment options are needed. According to several studies, patients that self-medicate with low doses of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist and psychedelic psilocybin report that this is effective as CH prophylaxis or even to induce remission. So far, no clinical trials to confirm this have been conducted, nor is there any objective measures of brain function in association with psilocybin intake in CH. There is, however, already some evidence from functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging studies suggesting that CH patients have abnormal functional connectivity patterns involving the hypothalamus and distributed brain networks, but the implication of these abnormalities is unknown. The investigators are conducting a prospective pilot study, evaluating prophylactic effects of psilocybin in CCH using an open-label study design. They're also going to investigate psilocybin's active metabolite psilocin and brain function (fMRI) to identify possible brain mechanisms underlying CCH and treatment response, including the correlation of treatment response with psilocin levels and estimated 5-HT2AR occupancy and the extent to which brain network changes are affected by psilocybin and correlated with treatment response. Effects of psilocybin on headache frequency, duration and intensity will be assessed in a sample of 20 patients with CCH. Participants will fill out headache logs during the entire study period, in total 10 weeks. Before study inclusion, participants taking prophylactic medication will first go through a 2-week wash-out period to allow for elimination of the medicine. Inclusion is followed by a baseline observation period lasting four weeks, after which patients will first undergo a baseline rs fMRI scanning followed by the first dose of 0.14 mg/kg psilocybin p.o. Blood samples will be collected during the first psilocybin intervention to establish psilocin plasma concentrations, which will be used for estimating receptor occupancy. Participants will then undergo two additional psilocybin administrations spaced by one-week. The last psilocybin dose will be followed by 4 weeks of observation. One week after the last administration of psilocybin, participants will undergo a follow-up MRI scan. Participants will be contacted 3, 6 and 12 months after the last psilocybin dose to gain information about the duration of potential remission periods. All regular acute treatments are permitted during the study period and a systematic record hereof has to be noted in the headache diary. No other prophylactic medication is allowed during the trial and at least a two-week washout period before inclusion is required. Prophylactics are allowed again after the 4 weeks follow-up, with dose and type carefully recorded. Participants will fill out questionnaires during the observation period, in conjunction with psilocybin interventions and at follow-up.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2022-08-09", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04280055", "keywords": "Cluster Headache, Psilocybin, TERMINATED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT04280055\",\"overall_status\":\"TERMINATED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\",\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1692, "title": "Differences across sexes on head-twitch behavior and 5-HT2A receptor signaling in C57BL/6J mice.", "normalized_title": "differences across sexes on head twitch behavior and 5 ht2a receptor signaling in c57bl 6j mice", "authors": "Jaster AM, Younkin J, Cuddy T, de la Fuente Revenga M, Poklis JL, Dozmorov MG, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "Psychedelics, also known as classical hallucinogens, affect processes related to perception, cognition and sensory processing mostly via the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). This class of psychoactive substances, which includes lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline and the substituted amphetamine 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), is receiving renewed attention for their potential therapeutic properties as it relates to psychiatric conditions such as depression and substance use disorders. Current studies focused on the potentially clinical effects of psychedelics on human subjects tend to exclude sex as a biological variable. Much of the understanding of psychedelic pharmacology is derived from rodent models, but most of this preclinical research has only focused on male mice. Here we tested the effects of DOI on head-twitch behavior (HTR) - a mouse behavioral proxy of human psychedelic potential - in male and female mice. DOI elicited more HTR in female as compared to male C57BL/6J mice, a sex-specific exacerbated behavior that was not observed in 129S6/SvEv animals. Volinanserin (or M100907) - a 5-HT2AR antagonist - fully prevented DOI-induced HTR in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Accumulation of inositol monophosphate (IP1) in the frontal cortex upon DOI administration showed no sex-related effect in C57BL/6J mice. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of DOI differed among sexes - brain and plasma concentrations of DOI were lower 30 and 60 min after drug administration in female as compared to male C57BL/6J mice. Together, these results suggest strain-dependent and sex-related differences in the behavioral and pharmacokinetic profiles of the 5-HT2AR agonist DOI in C57BL/6J mice, and support the importance of studying sex as a biological variable in preclinical psychedelic research.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-08-09", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136836", "pubmed_id": "35963476", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136836", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Humans, Mice, Serotonin, Amphetamine, Fluorobenzenes, Piperidines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Female, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35963476\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4291398459" }, { "id": 1712, "title": "Molecular insights into the regulation of constitutive activity by RNA editing of 5HT2C serotonin receptors.", "normalized_title": "molecular insights into the regulation of constitutive activity by rna editing of 5ht2c serotonin receptors", "authors": "Gumpper RH, Fay JF, Roth BL.", "abstract": "RNA editing is a process by which post-transcriptional changes of mRNA nucleotides alter protein function through modification of the amino acid content. The 5HT2C serotonin receptor, which undergoes 32 distinct RNA-editing events leading to 24 protein isoforms, is a notable example of this process. These 5HT2C isoforms display differences in constitutive activity, agonist/inverse agonist potencies, and efficacies. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects of RNA editing, we present four active-state 5HT2C-transducer-coupled structures of three representative isoforms (INI, VGV, and VSV) with the selective drug lorcaserin (Belviq) and the classic psychedelic psilocin. We also provide a comprehensive analysis of agonist activation and constitutive activity across all 24 protein isoforms. Collectively, these findings reveal a unique hydrogen-bonding network located on intracellular loop 2 that is subject to RNA editing, which differentially affects GPCR constitutive and agonist signaling activities.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-07-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111211", "pubmed_id": "35977511", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111211", "keywords": "Receptors, Serotonin, Protein Isoforms, RNA, Messenger, Signal Transduction, RNA Editing", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35977511\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4292056146" }, { "id": 3218, "title": "Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A and TAAR1 receptors in the head twitch response induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan and psilocybin: Translational implications", "normalized_title": "role of 5 ht2a 5 ht2c 5 ht1a and taar1 receptors in the head twitch response induced by 5 hydroxytryptophan and psilocybin translational implications", "authors": "Shahar O, Botvinnik A, Esh-Zuntz N, Brownstien M, Wolf R, Wolf G, Lerer B, Lifschytz T.", "abstract": "There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in psychiatric disorders. In common with other serotonergic psychedelics, psilocybin is thought to act via the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Serotonin is the endogenous ligand of 5-HTR. In rodents, the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), and psilocybin, induce a characteristic head twitch response (HTR), which is correlated with the human psychedelic trip in intensity and duration. We examined the role of other serotonergic receptors and the trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP and psilocybin. Male C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks old, ~30g) were administered 5-HTP, 50-250 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) or 200 mg/kg i.p. after pretreatment with 5-HT/TAAR1 receptor modulators. Psilocybin was administered at 0.1-51.2 mg/kg i.p. or at 4.4 mg/kg i.p. preceded by 5-HT/TAAR1 receptor modulators. HTR was assessed in a custom-built magnetometer. 5-HTP and psilocybin induced a dose dependent increase in the frequency of HTR over 20 minutes with attenuation by the 5-HT2AR antagonist, M100907 (volanserin), and the 5-HT1AR agonist, 8-OH-DPAT. The 5-HT2CR antagonist, RS102221, enhanced HTR at lower doses but reduced it at higher doses for 5-HTP and psilocybin. The TAAR1 antagonist, EPPTB, reduced 5-HTP-but not psilocybin-induced HTR. We have confirmed the key role of 5-HT2AR in HTR and have demonstrated an effect of 5-HT1AR and a bimodal contribution of 5-HT2CR as well as a role of TAAR1 in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP. Compounds that modulate HTR induced by psychedelics have a potentially important role in the emerging therapeutic use of these compounds. Significance Statement We have confirmed the key role of 5-HT2AR in in the induction of HTR by 5-HTP and psilocybin, have demonstrated the effect of a 5-HT1AR agonist to attenuate HTR and a bimodal contribution of 5-HT2CR as well as a role of TAAR1 in modulating HTR induced by 5-HTP. Compounds that modulate HTR induced by psychedelics have a potentially important role in the emerging therapeutic use of these compounds. Visual Abstract", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-07-22", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.07.22.501026", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.22.501026", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR522905\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3195, "title": "Effect of psilocybin on marble-burying in ICR mice: Role of 5-HT1A receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin on marble burying in icr mice role of 5 ht1a receptors and implications for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Singh S, Botvinnik A, Shahar O, Wolf G, Yakobi C, Saban M, Salama A, Lotan A, Lerer B, Lifschytz T.", "abstract": "Background Preliminary clinical findings, supported by preclinical studies employing behavioral paradigms such as marble-burying, suggest that psilocybin may be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aims To explore 1) the role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors in the effect of psilocybin on marble-burying; 2) the effect of staggered versus bolus psilocybin administration and persistence of the effect; 3) the effect of the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone, on marble-burying and the head-twitch response (HTR) induced by psilocybin, a rodent correlate of psychedelic effects. Methods Male ICR mice were administered psilocybin 4.4 mg/kg, escitalopram 5 mg/kg, 8-OH-DPAT2 mg/kg, M100907 2 mg/kg, buspirone 5 mg/kg, WAY100635 2 mg/kg or combinations, intraperitoneally, and were tested on the MBT. HTR was examined in a magnetometer-based assay. Results 1) Psilocybin and escitalopram significantly reduced marble-burying. The effect of psilocybin was not attenuated by the 5-HT2A antagonist, M100907. The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT reduced marble-burying as did the 5-HT1A partial agonist, buspirone. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT was additive to that of psilocybin but that of buspirone was not. The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635, attenuated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone but not the effect of psilocybin. 2) Psilocybin injections over 3.5 hours had no effect on marble-burying and the effect of bolus injection was not persistent. 3) Co-administration of buspirone with psilocybin blocked its effect on HTR Conclusions Neither 5-HT2A nor 5-HT1A receptors are pivotally implicated in the effect of psilocybin on marble-burying. Co-administration with buspirone may block the psychedelic effects of psilocybin without impeding its anti-obsessional effects.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-07-13", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.07.13.498401", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.13.498401", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR519282\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3372, "title": "Mapping Pharmacologically-induced Functional Reorganisation onto the Brain’s Neurotransmitter Landscape", "normalized_title": "mapping pharmacologically induced functional reorganisation onto the brain s neurotransmitter landscape", "authors": "Luppi AI, Hansen JY, Adapa R, Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Golkowski D, Golkowski D, Ranft A, Ilg R, Jordan D, Bonhomme V, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Demertzi A, Jaquet O, Bahri MA, Alnagger NL, Cardone P, Peattie ARD, Manktelow AE, de Araujo DB, Sensi SL, Owen AM, Naci L, Menon DK, Misic B, Stamatakis EA.", "abstract": "To understand how pharmacological interventions can exert their powerful effects on brain function, we need to understand how they engage the brain’s rich neurotransmitter landscape. Here, we bridge microscale molecular chemoarchitecture and pharmacologically-induced macroscale functional reorganisation, by relating the regional distribution of 19 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters obtained from Positron Emission Tomography, and the regional changes in functional MRI connectivity induced by 10 different mind-altering drugs: propofol, sevoflurane, ketamine, LSD, psilocybin, DMT, ayahuasca, MDMA, modafinil, and methylphenidate. Our results reveal that psychoactive drugs exert their effects on brain function by engaging multiple neurotransmitter systems. The effects of both anaesthetics and psychedelics on brain function are organised along hierarchical gradients of brain structure and function. Finally, we show that regional co-susceptibility to pharmacological interventions recapitulates co-susceptibility to disorder-induced structural alterations. Collectively, these results highlight rich statistical patterns relating molecular chemoarchitecture and drug-induced reorganisation of the brain’s functional architecture.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-07-12", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.07.12.499688", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.12.499688", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR518432\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1426, "title": "Psilocybin in neuropsychiatry: a review of its pharmacology, safety, and efficacy.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in neuropsychiatry a review of its pharmacology safety and efficacy", "authors": "Dodd S, Norman TR, Eyre HA, Stahl SM, Phillips A, Carvalho AF, Berk M.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a tryptamine alkaloid found in some mushrooms, especially those of the genus Psilocybe. Psilocybin has four metabolites including the pharmacologically active primary metabolite psilocin, which readily enters the systemic circulation. The psychoactive effects of psilocin are believed to arise due to the partial agonist effects at the 5HT2A receptor. Psilocin also binds to various other receptor subtypes although the actions of psilocin at other receptors are not fully explored. Psilocybin administered at doses sufficient to cause hallucinogenic experiences has been trialed for addictive disorders, anxiety and depression. This review investigates studies of psilocybin and psilocin and assesses the potential for use of psilocybin and a treatment agent in neuropsychiatry. The potential for harm is also assessed, which may limit the use of psilocybin as a pharmacotherapy. Careful evaluation of the number needed to harm vs the number needed to treat will ultimately justify the potential clinical use of psilocybin. This field needs a responsible pathway forward.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-07-10", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1017/s1092852922000888", "pubmed_id": "35811423", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852922000888", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:00", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35811423\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1738, "title": "Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression", "authors": "Bosch OG, Halm S, Seifritz E.", "abstract": "This is a narrative review about the role of classic and two atypical psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression. Since the 1990s, psychedelics experience a renaissance in biomedical research. The so-called classic psychedelics include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline and ayahuasca. Characteristic effects like alterations in sensory perception, as well as emotion- and self-processing are induced by stimulation of serotonin 2A receptors in cortical areas. The new paradigm of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy suggests a therapeutic framework in which a safely conducted psychedelic experience is integrated into a continuous psychotherapeutic process. First randomized, controlled trials with psilocybin show promising efficacy, tolerability, and adherence in the treatment of unipolar depression. On the other hand, classic psychedelics seem to be associated with the induction of mania, which is an important issue to consider for the design of research and clinical protocols. So called atypical psychedelics are a heterogeneous group with overlapping subjective effects but different neurobiological mechanisms. Two examples of therapeutic value in psychiatry are 3,4-methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine. Since 2020 the ketamine enantiomer esketamine has been granted international approval for treatment-resistant unipolar depression, and also first evidence exists for the therapeutic efficacy of ketamine in bipolar depression. Whether psychedelics will fulfil current expectations and find their way into broader clinical use will depend on future rigorous clinical trials with larger sample sizes. A well-considered therapeutic and legal framework will be crucial for these substances to create new treatment settings and a potential paradigm shift.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-07-04", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1186/s40345-022-00265-5", "pubmed_id": "35788817", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00265-5", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35788817\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1733, "title": "Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Pharmacological Activity of Novel Quaternary Salts of 4-Substituted Tryptamines.", "normalized_title": "synthesis structural characterization and pharmacological activity of novel quaternary salts of 4 substituted tryptamines", "authors": "Glatfelter GC, Pham DNK, Walther D, Golen JA, Chadeayne AR, Baumann MH, Manke DR.", "abstract": "Aeruginascin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium) is an analogue of psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) that has been identified in several species of psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Our team previously reported the synthesis, structural characterization, and biological activity of the putative metabolite of aeruginascin (4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium; 4-HO-TMT) and its potential prodrug (4-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium; 4-AcO-TMT). Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and pharmacological activity of several quaternary tryptammonium analogues of 4-HO-TMT and 4-AcO-TMT, namely, 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-ethyltryptammonium (4-HO-DMET), 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-propyltryptammonium (4-HO-DMPT), and 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptammonium (4-HO-DMiPT), as well as their hypothesized prodrugs 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-ethyltryptammonium (4-AcO-DMET), 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-propyltryptammonium (4-AcO-DMPT), and 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptammonium (4-AcO-DMiPT). Compounds were synthesized using established methods, and structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Test compounds were screened for in vitro pharmacological activity at a variety of receptors and transporters to determine potential targets of action. None of the compounds exhibited measurable affinity for the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A), but several analogues had low micromolar affinity (K i) for the serotonin 1D receptor (5-HT1D) and serotonin 2B receptor (5-HT2B), where they appeared to be weak partial agonists with low micromolar potencies. Importantly, 4-HO-DMET, 4-HO-DMPT, and 4-HO-DMiPT displayed sub-micromolar affinity for the serotonin transporter (SERT; 370-890 nM). The same 4-hydroxy analogues had low to sub-micromolar potencies (IC50) for inhibition of 5-HT uptake at SERT in transfected cells (3.3-12.3 μM) and rat brain tissue (0.31-3.5 μM). Overall, our results show that quaternary tryptammonium analogues do not target 5-HT2A sites, suggesting the compounds lack psychedelic-like subjective effects. However, certain 4-hydroxy quaternary tryptammonium analogues may provide novel templates for exploring structure-activity relationships for selective actions at SERT.", "journal": "ACS Omega", "publication_date": "2022-07-04", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.2c03476", "pubmed_id": "35874244", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03476", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35874244\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4284698401\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4284698401\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W196942043\",\"https://openalex.org/W1489775551\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974506606\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981430494\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998063991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034475831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088116769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127792081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805248302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039630529\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044618483\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127785792\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134364103\",\"https://openalex.org/W3146290235\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156704687\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213514609\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205375382\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4244731328\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034949318\",\"display_name\":\"Duyen N. K. Pham\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-1565\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050634480\",\"display_name\":\"Donna Walther\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8312-8444\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006499895\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Golen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-1253\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034491084\",\"display_name\":\"A.R. Chadeayne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-0337\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030447541\",\"display_name\":\"David R. Manke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-4801\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239500\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Omega\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03476\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4284698401" }, { "id": 3131, "title": "Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression", "normalized_title": "brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment resistant depression", "authors": "Vohryzek J, Cabral J, Lord L, Fernandes HM, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Deco G, Kringelbach ML.", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here we leveraged the differential outcome in responders and non-responders to psilocybin (10mg and 25mg, 7 days apart) therapy for depression - to gain new insights into regions and networks implicated in the restoration of healthy brain dynamics. We used whole-brain modelling to fit the spatiotemporal brain dynamics at rest in both responders and non-responders before treatment. Dynamic sensitivity analysis of systematic perturbation of these models enabled us to identify specific brain regions implicated in a transition from a depressive brain state to a heathy one. Binarizing the sample into treatment responders (>50% reduction in depressive symptoms) versus non-responders enabled us to identify a subset of regions implicated in this change. Interestingly, these regions correlate with in vivo density maps of serotonin receptors 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A, which psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, has an appreciable affinity for, and where it acts as a full-to-partial agonist. Serotonergic transmission has long been associated with depression and our findings provide causal mechanistic evidence for the role of brain regions in the recovery from depression via psilocybin.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-07-03", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.06.30.497950", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.30.497950", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR521801\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1658, "title": "Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity", "authors": "Gaddis A, Lidstone DE, Nebel MB, Griffiths RR, Mostofsky SH, Mejia AF, Barrett FS.", "abstract": "BackgroundClassic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, and other serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists evoke acute alterations in perception and cognition. Altered thalamocortical connectivity has been hypothesized to underlie these effects, which is supported by some functional MRI (fMRI) studies. These studies have treated the thalamus as a unitary structure, despite known differential 5-HT2AR expression and functional specificity of different intrathalamic nuclei. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been previously used to identify reliable group-level functional subdivisions of the thalamus from resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data. We build on these efforts with a novel data-maximizing ICA-based approach to examine psilocybin-induced changes in intrathalamic functional organization and thalamocortical connectivity in individual participants.MethodsBaseline rsfMRI data (n=38) from healthy individuals with a long-term meditation practice was utilized to generate a statistical template of thalamic functional subdivisions. This template was then applied in a novel ICA-based analysis of the acute effects of psilocybin on intra- and extra-thalamic functional organization and connectivity in follow-up scans from a subset of the same individuals (n=18). We examined correlations with subjective reports of drug effect and compared with a previously reported analytic approach (treating the thalamus as a single functional unit).ResultsSeveral intrathalamic components showed significant psilocybin-induced alterations in spatial organization, with effects of psilocybin largely localized to the mediodorsal and pulvinar nuclei. The magnitude of changes in individual participants correlated with reported subjective effects. These components demonstrated predominant decreases in thalamocortical connectivity, largely with visual and default mode networks. Analysis in which the thalamus is treated as a singular unitary structure showed an overall numerical increase in thalamocortical connectivity, consistent with previous literature using this approach, but this increase did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWe utilized a novel analytic approach to discover psilocybin-induced changes in intra- and extra-thalamic functional organization and connectivity of intrathalamic nuclei and cortical networks known to express the 5-HT2AR. These changes were not observed using whole-thalamus analyses, suggesting that psilocybin may cause widespread but modest increases in thalamocortical connectivity that are offset by strong focal decreases in functionally relevant intrathalamic nuclei.", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2022-07-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119434", "pubmed_id": "35792293", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119434", "keywords": "Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex, Neural Pathways, Humans, Serotonin, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Rest, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35792293\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4283768889\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4283768889\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":37,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963781350\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972328487\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978694642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980151324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985327120\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997812584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017237202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017573281\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055655674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090664364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091177453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101135654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107411892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120836623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738849673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2758789655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760291954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890356717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899890309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911514809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944339144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971601581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972959563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981635040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994753895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026536334\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046391612\",\"https://openalex.org/W3049192188\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091722552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110990374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134702649\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209545233\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200471428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210459991\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225144612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321760707\",\"https://openalex.org/W6730244987\",\"https://openalex.org/W6805395898\",\"https://openalex.org/W6810527906\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023659704\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Gaddis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-3726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005271512\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel E. Lidstone\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-3790\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057324811\",\"display_name\":\"Mary Beth Nebel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-3382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025787531\",\"display_name\":\"Stewart H. Mostofsky\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-2411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062906939\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda F. Mejia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-8974\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113976793\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119434\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4283768889" }, { "id": 3731, "title": "Psychedelic resting-state neuroimaging: A review and perspective on balancing replication and novel analyses.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic resting state neuroimaging a review and perspective on balancing replication and novel analyses", "authors": "McCulloch DE, Knudsen GM, Barrett FS, Doss MK, Carhart-Harris RL, Rosas FE, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Preller KH, Ramaekers JG, Mason NL, Müller F, Fisher PM", "abstract": "Clinical research into serotonergic psychedelics is expanding rapidly, showing promising efficacy across myriad disorders. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a commonly used strategy to identify psychedelic-induced changes in neural pathways in clinical and healthy populations. Here we, a large group of psychedelic imaging researchers, review the 42 research articles published to date, based on the 17 unique studies evaluating psychedelic effects on rs-fMRI, focusing on methodological variation. Prominently, we observe that nearly all studies vary in data processing and analysis methodology, two datasets are the foundation of over half of the published literature, and there is lexical ambiguity in common outcome metric terminology. We offer guidelines for future studies that encourage coherence in the field. Psychedelic rs-fMRI will benefit from the development of novel methods that expand our understanding of the brain mechanisms mediating its intriguing effects; yet, this field is at a crossroads where we must also consider the critical importance of consistency and replicability to effectively converge on stable representations of the neural effects of psychedelics.", "journal": "Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews", "publication_date": "2022-06-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104689", "pubmed_id": "35588933", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35588933/", "keywords": "Ayahausca, Clinical, DMT, Entheogen, FMRI, Hallucinogen, Human, LSD, Neuroimaging, Psilocin, Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Replication, Resting-state, Serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:08:43", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"35588933\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1748, "title": "Psychedelic-inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychedelic inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders", "authors": "Saeger HN, Olson DE", "abstract": "Psychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential to treat a wide range of brain disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Their broad therapeutic potential might result from an ability to rescue cortical atrophy common to many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases by impacting neurotrophic factor gene expression, activating neuronal growth and survival mechanisms, and modulating the immune system. While the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has not yet been extended to neurodegenerative disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that approaches based on psychedelic science might prove useful for treating these diseases. The primary target of psychedelics, the 5-HT receptor, plays key roles in cortical neuron health and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that psychedelics and related compounds could prove useful for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). While more research is needed to probe the effects of psychedelics in models of neurodegenerative diseases, the robust effects of these compounds on structural and functional neuroplasticity and inflammation clearly warrant further investigation.", "journal": "Journal of neurochemistry", "publication_date": "2022-06-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1111/jnc.15544", "pubmed_id": "34816433", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34816433/", "keywords": "Alzheimer's disease, BPSD, ayahuasca, frontotemporal dementia, neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, psilocybin, psychedelic, psychoplastogen", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"34816433\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1754, "title": "Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders.", "normalized_title": "three naturally occurring psychedelics and their significance in the treatment of mental health disorders", "authors": "Vorobyeva N, Kozlova AA.", "abstract": "Classical psychedelics represent a family of psychoactive substances with structural similarities to serotonin and affinity for serotonin receptors. A growing number of studies have found that psychedelics can be effective in treating various psychiatric conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Mental health disorders are extremely prevalent in the general population constituting a major problem for the public health. There are a wide variety of interventions for mental health disorders, including pharmacological therapies and psychotherapies, however, treatment resistance still remains a particular challenge in this field, and relapse rates are also quite high. In recent years, psychedelics have become one of the promising new tools for the treatment of mental health disorders. In this review, we will discuss the three classic serotonergic naturally occurring psychedelics, psilocybin, ibogaine, and N, N-dimethyltryptamine, focusing on their pharmacological properties and clinical potential. The purpose of this article is to provide a focused review of the most relevant research into the therapeutic potential of these substances and their possible integration as alternative or adjuvant options to existing pharmacological and psychological therapies.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-06-27", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2022.927984", "pubmed_id": "35837277", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.927984", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35837277\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1609, "title": "Sustained effects of single doses of classical psychedelics in humans.", "normalized_title": "sustained effects of single doses of classical psychedelics in humans", "authors": "Knudsen GM.", "abstract": "The serotonergic classical psychedelics include compounds that primarily activate the brain's serotonin 2 A receptor (5-HT2AR), such as LSD, psilocybin, and DMT (ayahuasca). The acute effects of these compounds are well-known as are their ability to increase the emotional state both in healthy people and in those with neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular psilocybin, the psychoactive constituent in \"magic mushrooms\", has shown great potential for treatment of anxiety and depression. A unique and compelling feature of psychedelics is that intake of just a single psychedelic dose is associated with long-lasting effects. This includes effects on personality, e.g., higher openness, and amelioration of depressive symptoms. This review focuses on these stunning effects and summarizes our current knowledge on which behavioral, biochemical, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological data support that the intriguing effects of psychedelics on the human brain and mind are based on neural plasticity. The review also points to so far understudied areas and suggests research questions to be addressed in future studies which potentially can help to understand the intriguing long-term effects after intake of a single (or a few) psychedelic doses.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-06-20", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-022-01361-x", "pubmed_id": "35729252", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01361-x", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Personality, Anxiety Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35729252\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1757, "title": "Psilocybin-Mediated Attenuation of Gamma Band Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) Is Driven by the Intensity of Cognitive and Emotional Domains of Psychedelic Experience.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin mediated attenuation of gamma band auditory steady state responses assr is driven by the intensity of cognitive and emotional domains of psychedelic experience", "authors": "Viktorin V, Griškova-Bulanova I, Voicikas A, Dojčánová D, Zach P, Bravermanová A, Andrashko V, Tylš F, Korčák J, Viktorinová M, Koudelka V, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Brunovský M, Páleníček T.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a classical serotoninergic psychedelic that induces cognitive disruptions similar to psychosis. Gamma activity is affected in psychosis and is tightly related to cognitive processing. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) are frequently used as indicators to test the ability to generate gamma activity. Based on previous literature, we studied the impact of psilocybin on 40 Hz ASSR in healthy volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with a crossover design. A sample of 20 healthy subjects (10M/10F) received psilocybin orally 0.26 mg/kg or placebo. Participants were measured four times in total, one time before ingestion of psilocybin/placebo and one time after ingestion, during the peak of intoxication. A series of 500 ms click trains were used for stimulation. Psilocybin induced a psychedelic effect and decreased 40 Hz ASSR phase-locking index compared to placebo. The extent of the attenuation was related to Cognition and Affect on the Hallucinogen Rating Scale. The current study shows that psilocybin lowers the synchronization level and the amplitude of 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses, which yields further support for the role of gamma oscillations in cognitive processing and its disturbance.", "journal": "Journal of Personalized Medicine", "publication_date": "2022-06-18", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/jpm12061004", "pubmed_id": "35743788", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12061004", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35743788\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4283160987\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4283160987\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W131886922\",\"https://openalex.org/W203174961\",\"https://openalex.org/W1955445721\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973316871\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974123318\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997941792\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010250068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011177087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043350008\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047560111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052195926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052763483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071421632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082020973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086756944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087404956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089001095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100741386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141837394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149279661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154873802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171865121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181826110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2277719065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306109873\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330179485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415093734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2461807154\",\"https://openalex.org/W2470403172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471156527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529942590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765646109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782190599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810450038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901516798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944676880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948528592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951828943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2967395032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979588334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012601344\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048830308\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106956326\",\"https://openalex.org/W3114605282\",\"https://openalex.org/W3123833778\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127026637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W3192307046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3201625402\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203708166\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213463597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W6720066811\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091098247\",\"display_name\":\"Vojtěch Viktorin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-2244\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087764117\",\"display_name\":\"Inga Griškova-Bulanova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-3300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015814965\",\"display_name\":\"Aleksandras Voicikas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-0620\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060127018\",\"display_name\":\"Dominika Dojčánová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011424147\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Zach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059173727\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Bravermanová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-7061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029388239\",\"display_name\":\"Veronika Andrashko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-3345\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011043226\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Korčák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-4736\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018960269\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Viktorinová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5793\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070851256\",\"display_name\":\"Vlastimil Koudelka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-7529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000277095\",\"display_name\":\"Kateřina Hájková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-2472\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2736780684\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Personalized Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12061004\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4283160987" }, { "id": 1758, "title": "Effect of Psilocybin and Ketamine on Brain Neurotransmitters, Glutamate Receptors, DNA and Rat Behavior.", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin and ketamine on brain neurotransmitters glutamate receptors dna and rat behavior", "authors": "Wojtas A, Bysiek A, Wawrzczak-Bargiela A, Szych Z, Majcher-Maślanka I, Herian M, Maćkowiak M, Gołembiowska K.", "abstract": "Clinical studies provide evidence that ketamine and psilocybin could be used as fast-acting antidepressants, though their mechanisms and toxicity are still not fully understood. To address this issue, we have examined the effect of a single administration of ketamine and psilocybin on the extracellular levels of neurotransmitters in the rat frontal cortex and reticular nucleus of the thalamus using microdialysis. The genotoxic effect and density of glutamate receptor proteins was measured with comet assay and Western blot, respectively. An open field test, light-dark box test and forced swim test were conducted to examine rat behavior 24 h after drug administration. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and psilocybin (2 and 10 mg/kg) increased dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA extracellular levels in the frontal cortex, while psilocybin also increased GABA in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Oxidative DNA damage due to psilocybin was observed in the frontal cortex and from both drugs in the hippocampus. NR2A subunit levels were increased after psilocybin (10 mg/kg). Behavioral tests showed no antidepressant or anxiolytic effects, and only ketamine suppressed rat locomotor activity. The observed changes in neurotransmission might lead to genotoxicity and increased NR2A levels, while not markedly affecting animal behavior.", "journal": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences", "publication_date": "2022-06-15", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijms23126713", "pubmed_id": "35743159", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126713", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Rats, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Ketamine, Receptors, Glutamate, DNA, Neurotransmitter Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Behavior, Animal, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35743159\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Wojtas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-8396\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022505011\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069011269\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargieła\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-8369\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030419325\",\"display_name\":\"Zuzanna Szych\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067063330\",\"display_name\":\"Iwona Majcher-Maślanka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-5582\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001590211\",\"display_name\":\"Monika Herian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7247-0322\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061387141\",\"display_name\":\"Marzena Maćkowiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-9595\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053954553\",\"display_name\":\"Krystyna Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-1394\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S10623703\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126713\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4283011889" }, { "id": 4956, "title": "Psychedelic assisted therapy for major depressive disorder: Recent work and clinical directions", "normalized_title": "psychedelic assisted therapy for major depressive disorder recent work and clinical directions", "authors": "Annie M. McCartney, H. T. McGovern, Alexander De Foe", "abstract": "Abstract Psychedelic substances such as psilocybin and ketamine may represent the future of antidepressant treatment, due to their rapid and prolonged effects on mood and cognition. The current body of psychedelic research has focused on administration and treatment within a psychiatric context. Here, instead, we put to the test the contention that it is necessary to evaluate the current state of this literature from a broader biopsychosocial perspective. Examining these arguably neglected social and psychological aspects of psychedelic treatment can provide a more holistic understanding of the interplay between the interconnected domains. This review of six major clinical trials applies a biopsychosocial model to evaluate the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and ketamine assisted therapy. We conclude that combination psychedelic treatment and psychotherapy facilitate more enduring and profound antidepressant effects than produced by ketamine or psilocybin alone. Emphasising the advantages of therapeutic intervention will encourage those who may attempt to self-medicate with psychedelics to instead seek a framework of psychological support, minimising associated risks of unregulated use.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2022-06-08", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2022.00211", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00211", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Biopsychosocial model, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Context (archaeology), Antidepressant, Mood, Cognition, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Anxiety, Paleontology, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4282040347\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4282040347\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1543683634\",\"https://openalex.org/W1544863932\",\"https://openalex.org/W1865092458\",\"https://openalex.org/W1961364466\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976396510\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979668378\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981281259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000104590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000644842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001404333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015114767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016292245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038059465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039753838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044440339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053043565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072336593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076277579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080645517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103255996\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105190393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105571318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107786290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128918664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145673018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170955297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2180841177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320144817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2496593060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2519531315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2531569042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2566701931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2613258400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2628731659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741959390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2745788283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801704951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888802753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909615175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911611400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914075038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2920559226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921641141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935676591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954690399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2966454769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969661467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2976089272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2986872227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989680519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2998403265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999340014\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003710034\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004631913\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006626252\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013948476\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039116382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3041972496\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086689250\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109908198\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128979569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131684619\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149986569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155481108\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162774823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162849488\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197675985\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198980648\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210376981\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212903385\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213359974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4225410099\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301006693\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053069556\",\"display_name\":\"Annie M. McCartney\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028166454\",\"display_name\":\"H. T. McGovern\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4050-6300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086293407\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander De Foe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-3291\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00211\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4282040347" }, { "id": 4962, "title": "SP56 Psychedelic drugs and pain", "normalized_title": "sp56 psychedelic drugs and pain", "authors": "M Rekatsina, E Moka, A Vadalouca, G Varrassi", "abstract": "Ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA inhibitor with significant psychedelic properties, is widely used in the management of acute and chronic pain. Ketamine is used intraoperatively to spare opioids and prevent acute and chronic postoperative pain; it is also used in patients with complex pain syndromes and patients with opioid tolerance. Medical cannabis is already used widely in many countries to control pain and other conditions. Recently, psychedelic drugs like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, ecstasy (3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine or MDMA), ayahuasca, DMT (dimethyltryptamine) and others have regained a significant place among research and medical scientific talks for their therapeutic potential in pain management. Historically, there has been interest in using psychedelics to treat chronic pain since 1960s where it was suggested that psychedelic drugs may be therapeutically useful in cancer and phantom limb pain, but due to lack of the methodological rigor of modern trials they haven’t gained much attention. Recent studies suggest that psychedelics may be therapeutically useful in treating intractable headaches such as migraine and cluster headaches, and few recent reviews hypothesize potential mechanisms and applications for psychedelics in chronic pain. Pharmacologically, this concept is plausible. The primary mechanism of action of classic psychedelics is via the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, which is integral to descending inhibitory pain pathway. The acute effects of psychedelics may also contribute toward an analgesic response by reorienting attention away from unpleasant sensations toward altered perceptions, e.g., visual hallucinations. Despite the great interest and possibilities, the current legal status of many psychedelic drugs imposes a hinder to obtaining robust research evidence regarding their effectiveness and safety profile. Whelan A, Johnson MI. Lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin for the management of patients with persistent pain: a potential role?. Pain Manag. 2018;8(3):217-229. doi:10.2217/pmt-2017-0068 Kadriu B, Greenwald M, Henter ID, et al. Ketamine and Serotonergic Psychedelics: Common Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2021;24(1):8-21. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa087 Alexander, John C, and Girish P Joshi. ‘A review of the anesthetic implications of marijuana use.’ Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) vol. 32,3 364-371. 21 May. 2019, doi:10.1080/08998280.2019.1603034 Castellanos JP, Woolley C, Bruno KA, Zeidan F, Halberstadt A, Furnish T. Chronic pain and psychedelics: a review and proposed mechanism of action. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(7):486-494. doi:10.1136/rapm-2020-101273 Bornemann J, Close JB, Spriggs MJ, Carhart-Harris R and Roseman L. Self-Medication for Chronic Pain Using Classic Psychedelics: A Qualitative Investigation to Inform Future Research. Front. Psychiatry 2021;; 12:735427. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735427", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-05-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1136/rapm-2022-esra.62", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-esra.62", "keywords": "Computer science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical Reactions and Isotopes, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4291018630\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4291018630\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4235811323\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000835717\",\"display_name\":\"M Rekatsina\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047678432\",\"display_name\":\"E Moka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067435694\",\"display_name\":\"A Vadalouca\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027731733\",\"display_name\":\"G Varrassi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-esra.62\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4291018630" }, { "id": 4961, "title": "Neuropharmacological analysis of the anti-addictive and therapeutic effects of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "neuropharmacological analysis of the anti addictive and therapeutic effects of psilocybin", "authors": "Anthony Principe", "abstract": "This review presents a general background of psilocybin pharmacology and discusses its uses in treating various mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction. A summary of preliminary clinical trials utilizing psilocybin in each disorder is presented, along with an analysis of the neurobiological mechanisms that could explain the results. The purpose of this review is to collect and analyze neuropharmacological data and form an understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying psilocybin’s long-term positive effects in those suffering from various mental health disorders. Psilocybin may be a crucial tool in altering the neurofunctional anatomy that is the pathological core of various mental health disorders. A ‘reset’ of these neurological connections could be the basis of psilocybin treatment and may perhaps inspire a novel foundation of neurological medical intervention in mental health disorders.", "journal": "SURG Journal", "publication_date": "2022-05-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.21083/surg.v14i1.6870", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v14i1.6870", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Addiction, Anxiety, Psychology, Psychiatry, Mental health, Obsessive compulsive, Intervention (counseling), Psychotherapist, Medicine, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4281736251\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4281736251\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W64958025\",\"https://openalex.org/W1846321575\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969125125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978891587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989757811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001484935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011245371\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038786381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061730652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081150698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086236919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129253531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137664913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161050830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2177154801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2179754385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2235823035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471155830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2491859250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581084710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757437757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943435823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995066639\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013100262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025954068\",\"https://openalex.org/W3029566839\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093676138\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112525124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3143773781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210615564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238995000\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246897216\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054287524\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony Principe\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764695670\",\"source_display_name\":\"SURG Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v14i1.6870\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4281736251" }, { "id": 1776, "title": "Serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Malcolm B, Thomas K", "abstract": "In recent years, psychedelic substances with serotonergic mechanisms have accumulated substantial evidence that they may provide therapeutic benefits for people suffering with psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric disorders targeted by these psychedelic-assisted therapies are managed with serotonergic drugs like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as the current standard of care, so it is important to evaluate the potential risks of drug-drug interactions and serotonin toxicity (ST) between these agents. A critical evaluation of the scientific literature is necessary to delineate the risks of ST when combining psychedelics with available serotonergic pharmacotherapy options. This review article describes signs and symptoms of ST, characterizes mechanisms of ST risk, summarizes what is known about serotonergic psychedelic drug interactions, and outlines potential management strategies. True ST typically occurs with a serotonergic drug overdose or in combinations in which a drug that can increase intrasynaptic serotonin is combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Serotonergic psychotropics that do not contain MAOIs are low risk in combination with psychedelics that also do not contain MAOIs. Signs and symptoms warranting immediate medical attention include myoclonus, extreme and fluctuating vital signs, agitation or comatose mental state, muscle rigidity, pronounced hyperthermia (fever), and/or seizure activity. Serotonin-related adverse reactions exist along a spectrum with serotonin syndrome being the most severe manifestations of ST. Due to varying serotonergic mechanisms of psychedelics and psychotropics, with varying propensities to increase intrasynaptic serotonin, some combinations may present a significant risk for serotonin toxicity (ST) while others are likely benign.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-05-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-021-05876-x", "pubmed_id": "34251464", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34251464/", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, MDMA, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Serotonin syndrome, Serotonin toxicity", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"34251464\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1775, "title": "Sex-specific effects of psychedelics on prepulse inhibition of startle in 129S6/SvEv mice.", "normalized_title": "sex specific effects of psychedelics on prepulse inhibition of startle in 129s6 svev mice", "authors": "Vohra HZ, Saunders JM, Jaster AM, de la Fuente Revenga M, Jimenez J, Fernández-Teruel A, Wolstenholme JT, Beardsley PM, González-Maeso J", "abstract": "Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle is a sensorimotor gating phenomenon perturbed in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Psychedelics disrupt PPI in rats and humans, but their effects and involvement of the serotonin 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) in mice remain unexplored. We tested the effect of the psychedelic 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on startle amplitude and %PPI in response to acoustic stimuli under up to four different experimental conditions that included changes in background and stimulus intensity, prepulse and pulse duration, and interstimulus interval in male and female 129S6/SvEv mice. We also evaluated the effect of the 5-HTR antagonist M100,907 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on DOI-induced startle amplitude and %PPI, as well as the effect of the psychedelic LSD (0.24 mg/kg, i.p.) and the dopamine agonists apomorphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) and SKF-82,958 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in male 129S6/SvEv mice. DOI altered startle amplitude with either pulse alone or prepulse + pulse presentations in all PPI conditions, and increased %PPI in three out of four PPI conditions in male mice - an effect that was prevented by M100,907. In female mice, DOI increased %PPI without affecting startle amplitude. %PPI was positively correlated with startle amplitude in males while being negatively correlated in female mice. In male mice, LSD also increased %PPI, although it did not affect startle amplitude, whereas apomorphine and SKF-82,958 induced decreases in %PPI. Our findings highlight a distinct effect of the psychedelic DOI on PPI in 129S6/SvEv mice, suggesting 5-HTR-dependent PPI improvement in a paradigm-dependent and sex-dependent manner.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-05-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-021-05913-9", "pubmed_id": "34345931", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34345931/", "keywords": "G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Hallucinogens, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Prepulse inhibition (PPI), Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Psychopharmacology, Sensorimotor gating, Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, Sex differences", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"34345931\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1742, "title": "Neural mechanisms underlying psilocybin's therapeutic potential - the need for preclinical in vivo electrophysiology.", "normalized_title": "neural mechanisms underlying psilocybin s therapeutic potential the need for preclinical in vivo electrophysiology", "authors": "Smausz R, Neill J, Gigg J.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound with profound perception-, emotion- and cognition-altering properties and great potential for treating brain disorders. However, the neural mechanisms mediating its effects require in-depth investigation as there is still much to learn about how psychedelic drugs produce their profound and long-lasting effects. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the neurophysiology of psilocybin's psychoactive properties, highlighting the need for additional preclinical studies to determine its effect on neural network dynamics. We first describe how psilocybin's effect on brain regions associated with the default-mode network (DMN), particularly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, likely plays a key role in mediating its consciousness-altering properties. We then outline the specific receptor and cell types involved and discuss contradictory evidence from neuroimaging studies regarding psilocybin's net effect on activity within these regions. We go on to argue that in vivo electrophysiology is ideally suited to provide a more holistic, neural network analysis approach to understand psilocybin's mode of action. Thus, we integrate information about the neural bases for oscillatory activity generation with the accumulating evidence about psychedelic drug effects on neural synchrony within DMN-associated areas. This approach will help to generate important questions for future preclinical and clinical studies. Answers to these questions are vital for determining the neural mechanisms mediating psilocybin's psychotherapeutic potential, which promises to improve outcomes for patients with severe depression and other difficulty to treat conditions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-05-29", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/02698811221092508", "pubmed_id": "35638159", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221092508", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Emotions, Electrophysiology, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35638159\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1779, "title": "Spatiotemporal Mapping of Online Interest in Cannabis and Popular Psychedelics before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland.", "normalized_title": "spatiotemporal mapping of online interest in cannabis and popular psychedelics before and during the covid 19 pandemic in poland", "authors": "Al-Imam A, Motyka MA, Witulska Z, Younus M, Michalak M.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsychedelics represent a unique subset of psychoactive substances that can induce an aberrant state of consciousness principally via the neuronal 5-HT2A receptor. There is limited knowledge concerning the interest in these chemicals in Poland and how they changed during the pandemic. Nonetheless, these interests can be surveyed indirectly via the web.ObjectivesWe aim to conduct a spatial-temporal mapping of online information-seeking behavior concerning cannabis and the most popular psychedelics before and during the pandemic.MethodsWe retrieved online information search data via Google Trends concerning twenty of the most popular psychedelics from 1 January 2017 to 1 January 2022 in Poland. We conducted Holt-Winters exponential smoothing for time series analysis to infer potential seasonality. We utilized hierarchical clustering analysis based on Ward's method to find similarities of psychedelics' interest within Poland's voivodships before and during the pandemic.ResultsTwelve (60%) psychedelics had significant seasonality; we proved that psilocybin and ayahuasca had annual seasonality (p-value = 0.0120 and p = 0.0003, respectively), and four substances-LSD, AL-LAD, DXM, and DOB-exhibited a half-yearly seasonality, while six psychedelics had a quarterly seasonal pattern, including cannabis, dronabinol, ergine, NBOMe, phencyclidine, and salvinorin A. Further, the pandemic influenced a significant positive change in the trends for three substances, including psilocybin, ergine, and DXM.ConclusionsDifferent seasonal patterns exist for psychedelics, and some might correlate with school breaks or holidays in Poland. The pandemic induced some changes in the temporal and spatial trends. The spatial-temporal trends could be valuable information to health authorities and policymakers responsible for monitoring and preventing addictions.", "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "publication_date": "2022-05-28", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ijerph19116619", "pubmed_id": "35682204", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116619", "keywords": "Humans, Cannabis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Poland, Pandemics, Psilocybin, COVID-19", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35682204\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4281668214\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4281668214\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1992019697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080630525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114513904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127519617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132050943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149600263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528016324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582418833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756057209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769088818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789240981\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809453729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909860169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914472600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938807468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965523037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970161681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2976211839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996270584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996509487\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007555931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3028136160\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031003411\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042298929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047898105\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090497377\",\"https://openalex.org/W3099197603\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107835125\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112173414\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113259424\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125369468\",\"https://openalex.org/W3128390625\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153467292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3153901006\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159564714\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165204636\",\"https://openalex.org/W3172950672\",\"https://openalex.org/W3181764488\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202909441\",\"https://openalex.org/W3209852765\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213088840\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205121774\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206799034\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212857740\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212910026\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220742938\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220950644\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221023870\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241112430\",\"https://openalex.org/W6777903858\",\"https://openalex.org/W6794028795\",\"https://openalex.org/W6805637149\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088173235\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmed Al-Imam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-9424\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034008607\",\"display_name\":\"Marek Motyka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-0035\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084571924\",\"display_name\":\"Zuzanna Witulska\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048473158\",\"display_name\":\"Manal M. Younus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-5700\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044113515\",\"display_name\":\"Michał Michalak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-3984\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S15239247\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116619\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4281668214" }, { "id": 1726, "title": "Analytical profile, in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1P-AL-LAD.", "normalized_title": "analytical profile in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1p al lad", "authors": "Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV, Westphal F, Pulver B, Schwelm HM, Whitelock K, Stratford A, Auwärter V, Halberstadt AL.", "abstract": "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is known to induce powerful psychoactive effects in humans, which cemented its status as an important tool for clinical research. A range of analogues and derivatives has been investigated over the years, including those classified as new psychoactive substances. This study presents the characterization of the novel lysergamide N,N-diethyl-1-propanoyl-6-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-9,10-didehydroergoline-8β-carboxamide (1P-AL-LAD) using various mass spectrometric, gas- and liquid chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In vitro metabolism studies using pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) confirmed that 1P-AL-LAD converted to AL-LAD as the most abundant metabolite consistent with the hypothesis that 1P-AL-LAD may act as a prodrug. Fourteen metabolites were detected in total; metabolic reactions included hydroxylation of the core lysergamide ring structure or the N6 -allyl group, formation of dihydrodiol metabolites, N-dealkylation, N1 -deacylation, dehydrogenation, and combinations thereof. The in vivo behavioral activity of 1P-AL-LAD was evaluated using the mouse head twitch response (HTR), a 5-HT2A -mediated head movement that serves as a behavioral proxy in rodents for human hallucinogenic effects. 1P-AL-LAD induced a dose-dependent increase in HTR counts with an inverted U-shaped dose-response function, similar to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and other psychedelics. Following intraperitoneal injection, the median effective dose (ED50 ) for 1P-AL-LAD was 491 nmol/kg, making it almost three times less potent than AL-LAD (174.9 nmol/kg). Previous studies have shown that N1 -substitution disrupts the ability of lysergamides to activate the 5-HT2A receptor; based on the in vitro metabolism data, 1P-AL-LAD may induce the HTR because it acts as a prodrug and is metabolized to AL-LAD after administration to mice.", "journal": "Drug Testing and Analysis", "publication_date": "2022-05-28", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/dta.3281", "pubmed_id": "35524430", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3281", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Mice, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Prodrugs, Chromatography, Liquid", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35524430\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4229048164\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4229048164\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974814463\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980453588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089084116\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146585068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403673974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413713893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417403727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603180085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603746317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900604419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908746584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947348227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953498115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991486694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022972855\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024403515\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027810862\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112173414\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124059976\",\"https://openalex.org/W3165049600\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200054299\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210366495\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210625095\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229048164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229529225\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229938706\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248675845\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250575659\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005457342\",\"display_name\":\"Simon D. Brandt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-5372\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011396262\",\"display_name\":\"Pierce V. Kavanagh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-3305\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023065580\",\"display_name\":\"Folker Westphal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7814\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084244272\",\"display_name\":\"Benedikt Pulver\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2111\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039681849\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes M. Schwelm\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-5831\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060075188\",\"display_name\":\"Kyla Whitelock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-2197\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006602823\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander Stratford\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004340821\",\"display_name\":\"Volker Auwärter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2804\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036162393\",\"display_name\":\"Adam L. Halberstadt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-5829\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S36361591\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug Testing and Analysis\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3281\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4229048164" }, { "id": 1780, "title": "Unraveling the Mysteries of Mental Illness With Psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "unraveling the mysteries of mental illness with psilocybin", "authors": "Sotille R, Singh H, Weisman A, Vida T.", "abstract": "Current medications have not been effective in reducing the prevalence of mental illness worldwide. The prevalence of illnesses such as treatment-resistant depression has increased despite the widespread use of a broad set of psychopharmaceuticals. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and ketamine therapy are making great strides in improving treatment-resistant depression outcomes but they have limitations. New psychotherapeutics are required that specifically target the underlying cellular pathologies leading to neuronal atrophy. This neuronal atrophy model is supplanting the long-held neurotransmitter deficit hypothesis to explain mental illness. Interest in psychedelics as therapeutic molecules to treat mental illness is experiencing a 21st-century reawakening that is on the cusp of a transformation. Psilocybin is a pro-drug, found in various naturally occurring mushrooms, that is dephosphorylated to produce psilocin, a classic tryptamine psychedelic functional as a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist. We have focused this review to include studies in the last two years that suggest psilocybin promotes neuronal plasticity, which may lead to changes in brain network connectivity. Recent advancements in clinical trials using pure psilocybin in therapy suggest that it may effectively relieve the symptoms of depression in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Sophisticated cellular and molecular experiments at the systems level have produced evidence that demonstrates psilocybin promotes neuritogenesis in the mouse brain - a mechanism that may address the root cause of depression at the cellular level. Finally, studies with psilocybin therapy for major depressive disorder suggest that this ancient molecule can promote functionally connected intrinsic networks in the human brain, resulting in durable improvements in the severity of depressive symptoms. Although further research is necessary, the prospect of using psilocybin for the treatment of mental illness is an enticing possibility.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-05-26", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.25414", "pubmed_id": "35769681", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25414", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35769681\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1784, "title": "New Paradigms of Old Psychedelics in Schizophrenia.", "normalized_title": "new paradigms of old psychedelics in schizophrenia", "authors": "Mahmood D, Alenezi SK, Anwar MJ, Azam F, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M.", "abstract": "Psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), and mescaline exhibit intense effects on the human brain and behaviour. In recent years, there has been a surge in studies investigating these drugs because clinical studies have shown that these once banned drugs are well tolerated and efficacious in medically supervised low doses called microdosing. Psychedelics have demonstrated efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric maladies such as difficult to treat anxiety, depression, mood disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, suicidal ideation, posttraumatic stress disorder, and also in treating substance use disorders. The primary mode of action of psychedelics is activation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors affecting cognition and brain connectivity through the modulation of several downstream signalling pathways via complex molecular mechanisms. Some atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) primarily exhibit pharmacological actions through 5-HT2A receptors, which are also the target of psychedelic drugs. Psychedelic drugs including the newer second generation along with the glutamatergic APDs are thought to mediate pharmacological actions through a common pathway, i.e., a complex serotonin-glutamate receptor interaction in cortical neurons of pyramidal origin. Furthermore, psychedelic drugs have been reported to act via a complex interplay between 5HT2A, mGlu2/3, and NMDA receptors to mediate neurobehavioral and pharmacological actions. Findings from recent studies have suggested that serotoninergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions are very closely connected in producing pharmacological responses to psychedelics and antipsychotic medication. Emerging hypotheses suggest that psychedelics work through brain resetting mechanisms. Hence, there is a need to dig deeply into psychedelic neurobiology to uncover how psychedelics could best be used as scientific tools to benefit psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-05-22", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/ph15050640", "pubmed_id": "35631466", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050640", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35631466\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1786, "title": "Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence.", "normalized_title": "alternative options for complex recurrent pain states using cannabinoids psilocybin and ketamine a narrative review of clinical evidence", "authors": "Edinoff AN, Fort JM, Singh C, Wagner SE, Rodriguez JR, Johnson CA, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Kaye AD.", "abstract": "With emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is logical to evaluate nonopioid analgesic treatments to manage pain states. Combinations of drugs can provide additive and/or synergistic effects that can benefit the management of pain states. In this regard, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) modulate nociceptive signals and have been studied for chronic pain treatment. Psilocybin, commonly known as \"magic mushrooms\", works at the serotonin receptor, 5-HT2A. Psilocybin has been found in current studies to help with migraines since it has a tryptamine structure and works similarly to triptans. Psilocybin also has the potential for use in chronic pain treatment. However, the studies that have looked at alternative plant-based medications such as THC, CBD, and psilocybin have been small in terms of their sample size and may not consider the demographic or genetic differences in the population because of their small sample sizes. At present, it is unclear whether the effects reported in these studies translate to the general population or even are significant. In summary, additional studies are warranted to evaluate chronic pain management with alternative and combinations of medications in the treatment of chronic pain.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-05-17", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3390/neurolint14020035", "pubmed_id": "35645354", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14020035", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35645354\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1785, "title": "Chronic Treatment With Psilocybin Decreases Changes in Body Weight in a Rodent Model of Obesity.", "normalized_title": "chronic treatment with psilocybin decreases changes in body weight in a rodent model of obesity", "authors": "Huang J, Pham M, Panenka WJ, Honer WG, Barr AM.", "abstract": "BackgroundThere are currently relatively few effective pharmacological treatments for obesity, and existing ones may be associated with limiting side-effects. In the search for novel anti-obesity agents, drugs that modify central serotonergic systems have historically proven to be effective in promoting weight loss. Psilocin, which is rapidly metabolized from psilocybin, is an agonist at multiple serotonin receptors. In the present study we assessed the effects of psilocybin and a positive control (metformin) on changes in body weight in a rat model of obesity.MethodsFive groups of adult male rats were pre-conditioned with a cafeteria diet until obese (>600 g) and then treated with either psilocybin (0.1, 1, or 5 mg/kg, i.p.), metformin (300 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle control. Treatments were for 27 consecutive weekdays, and body weights and high calorie food intake were recorded daily. Fasting glucose levels were recorded after 11 days of treatment. At the end of treatment rats completed a glucose tolerance test, and multiple fat pads were dissected out to assess adiposity.ResultsThe medium dose psilocybin group had to be terminated from the study prematurely. Both the low and high dose psilocybin groups caused a significant decrease in changes in body weight compared to controls. The metformin group produced a greater decrease in change in body weight than either psilocybin groups or controls. Both high dose psilocybin and metformin decreased consumption of the high calorie diet, and exhibited decreased central adiposity.ConclusionPsilocybin demonstrated modest but significant effects on weight gain. Further study is recommended.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2022-05-17", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2022.891512", "pubmed_id": "35664477", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.891512", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35664477\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280614952\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280614952\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1504089656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1505713219\",\"https://openalex.org/W1542645650\",\"https://openalex.org/W1883447212\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963694359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974559315\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986767459\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988130421\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992060970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004377186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013652948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034894507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045452864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058115846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061510535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073286379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078949348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081308389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088818787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091625287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109861503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110025065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131650924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136149884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2244041228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2299040198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342631563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2514301678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549600253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2570132006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592469547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737160318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766113328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884008074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894221126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895181808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921000340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981122688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2991611409\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025824861\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092548915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107313749\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113328366\",\"https://openalex.org/W3118501255\",\"https://openalex.org/W3125393953\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135005144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3158492777\",\"https://openalex.org/W3159328503\",\"https://openalex.org/W3160887484\",\"https://openalex.org/W3198259760\",\"https://openalex.org/W3202503895\",\"https://openalex.org/W3214407741\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200117112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212797158\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213127811\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220837668\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226056143\",\"https://openalex.org/W4226375952\",\"https://openalex.org/W4288063444\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006486811\",\"display_name\":\"Joyce Huang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-7559\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101436752\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle Pham\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-0930\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065795906\",\"display_name\":\"William J. Panenka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-6512\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033183852\",\"display_name\":\"William G. Honer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7628-5108\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089103560\",\"display_name\":\"Alasdair M. Barr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-1574\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.891512\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4280614952" }, { "id": 4968, "title": "The Efficacy of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression andAnxiety: A Meta-Analysis", "normalized_title": "the efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of depression andanxiety a meta analysis", "authors": "Andrew Hodge, Suporn Sukpraprut-Braaten, Robert Strayhan", "abstract": "Background: The use of psychedelic compounds to treat psychiatric disorders has become a very significant topic of research over the past several years. Psilocybin has risen to prominence as one of the most studied among these psychedelic compounds. Multiple trials have already shown that it can be a safe and efficacious treatment for various medical conditions. This study intends to perform a meta-analysis of data reported in clinical trials studying psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety. Methods: Articles were searched, screened, and ultimately selected using predetermined inclusion criteria. Data was collected from commonly used psychometric tests that measured mood and anxiety symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated by comparing scores in these tests at baseline and control to experimental groups. Sub-group analysis was performed to assess psilocybin’s effect on depression and anxiety during short, medium, and long-term time frames. Results: Statistical significance was achieved in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms compared to controls in multiple subgroups. Heterogeneity of the effect sizes was calculated using an I2 value which showed low to moderate values. Multiple tools were used to assess publication bias, and none could be found. Conclusion: Although research on psilocybin continues to show promise, the evidence is still at a preliminary phase, and more trials need to be conducted with larger patient populations over longer periods for psilocybin to potentially be approved in a community setting.", "journal": "Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews", "publication_date": "2022-05-15", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.2174/2666082218666220513142002", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220513142002", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anxiety, Meta-analysis, Mood, Clinical psychology, Depression (economics), Psychology, Psychiatry, Randomized controlled trial, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280584826\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280584826\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1756201586\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986215651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001432119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005501262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006546769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021803359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030962294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042982960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098923148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114488753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123179625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125435699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132324173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155054485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166281097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2310007339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796179442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889504249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2958413903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022995359\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035643259\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082721315\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083216124\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3107917596\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120778817\",\"https://openalex.org/W3138429576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297918764\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300870773\",\"https://openalex.org/W6604107555\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036897187\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Hodge\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-0836\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024916325\",\"display_name\":\"Suporn Sukpraprut-Braaten\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033336432\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Strayhan\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210198242\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666082218666220513142002\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4280584826" }, { "id": 4969, "title": "Grounded in Biology: Why the Context-Dependency of Psychedelic Drug Effects Means Opportunities, Not Problems for Anthropology and Pharmacology", "normalized_title": "grounded in biology why the context dependency of psychedelic drug effects means opportunities not problems for anthropology and pharmacology", "authors": "Stephan Schleim", "abstract": "Langlitz and colleagues wrote about clinically used psychedelic drugs and the possibility of a “moral psychopharmacology” earlier in this journal (1). They emphasized the context-dependency of the effects of these substances (e.g., ayahuasca, psilocybin) and the importance of understanding their impact on social and moral cognition, particularly now that there is more research on their possible clinical applications (e.g., to facilitate psychotherapy). In this opinion article, I want to, first, reflect on the context-dependency from the perspective of recent research on placebo effects, and, second, clarify different meanings of “moral psychopharmacology”. The latter will be placed in the context of a broader conceived view on drug instrumentalization (2-4) and different values associated with it (5-7). In the conclusion, I will briefly distinguish aspects primarily relevant to theoretical, research-oriented, or applied perspectives, respectively, to inform further theoretical, empirical, and ethical discussion of these topics.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2022-05-10", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2022.906487", "pubmed_id": "35633783", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.906487", "keywords": "Psychopharmacology, Context (archaeology), Dependency (UML), Biological psychiatry, Drug, Psychiatry, Psychology, Pharmacology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, History, Computer science, Software engineering, Archaeology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280654174\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280654174\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":16,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1981708116\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985670496\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988958059\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991749470\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999667087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008168265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010971847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015164122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022107917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052078128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052710610\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053983289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061131717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061194851\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067820812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068853886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094928962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108002918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109793009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121090957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129900561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142827688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143593174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157903425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170754767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320110215\",\"https://openalex.org/W2392291496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415734380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2494103764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513054782\",\"https://openalex.org/W2517597771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2518315719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559345679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587573685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612871894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801519716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950759421\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001118513\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038923394\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083225944\",\"https://openalex.org/W3109441532\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139390535\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157164747\",\"https://openalex.org/W3191704139\",\"https://openalex.org/W3193503966\",\"https://openalex.org/W3210247610\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210563487\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249693540\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254592440\",\"https://openalex.org/W6608690693\",\"https://openalex.org/W6635558672\",\"https://openalex.org/W6967944232\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014171184\",\"display_name\":\"Stephan Schleim\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-3963\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.906487\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4280654174" }, { "id": 1705, "title": "Magic mushroom extracts in lipid membranes.", "normalized_title": "magic mushroom extracts in lipid membranes", "authors": "Nguyen TQT, Lund FW, Zanjani AAH, Khandelia H.", "abstract": "The active hallucinogen of magic mushrooms, psilocin, is being repurposed to treat nicotine addiction and treatment-resistant depression. Psilocin belongs to the tryptamine class of psychedelic compounds which include the hormone serotonin. It is believed that psilocin exerts its effect by binding to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. However, recent in-vivo evidence suggests that psilocin may employ a different mechanism to exert its effects. Membrane-mediated receptor desensitization of neurotransmitter receptors is one such mechanism. We compare the impact of the neutral and charged versions of psilocin and serotonin on the properties of zwitterionic and anionic lipid membranes using molecular dynamics simulations and calorimetry. Both compounds partition to the lipid interface and induce membrane thinning. The tertiary amine in psilocin, as opposed to the primary amine in serotonin, limits psilocin's impact on the membrane although more psilocin partitions into the membrane than serotonin. Calorimetry corroborates that both compounds induce a classical melting point depression like anesthetics do. Our results also lend support to a membrane-mediated receptor-binding mechanism for both psilocin and serotonin and provide physical insights into subtle chemical changes that can alter the membrane-binding of psychedelic compounds.", "journal": "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes", "publication_date": "2022-05-09", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183957", "pubmed_id": "35561790", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183957", "keywords": "Serotonin, Lipids, Hallucinogens, Protein Binding, Psilocybe", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35561790\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280500709\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4280500709\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1031578623\",\"https://openalex.org/W1541778702\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971702324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976499671\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990771438\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991520135\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991794210\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997772366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011301426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013638808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015925800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022366660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028046413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029667189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031543706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035605319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040891889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052394986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054406591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060872117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066414494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070753604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077862143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081693079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084165707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089260204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109080306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131566674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168269595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323243847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2397627749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2491520688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752660625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035507210\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094176195\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108922936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3121574661\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178461144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3184498576\",\"https://openalex.org/W6734818059\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086499784\",\"display_name\":\"Teresa Quynh Tram Nguyen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024117382\",\"display_name\":\"Frederik W. Lund\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8261-0309\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017250248\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Asghar Hakami Zanjani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0206-9074\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079782164\",\"display_name\":\"Himanshu Khandelia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9913-6394\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210187475\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183957\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4280500709" }, { "id": 4971, "title": "Receptor binding profiles and behavioral effects of psilocybin analogs", "normalized_title": "receptor binding profiles and behavioral effects of psilocybin analogs", "authors": "Grant C. Glatfelter, David R. Manke, Andrew R. Chadayne, Michael H. Baumann", "abstract": "4-phosphorloxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound that is being investigated in clinical studies in conjunction with psychotherapy for treatment of several psychiatric disorders. It is well established that 4-hydroxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (psilocin) is the bioactive metabolite of psilocybin which mediates its in vivo psychedelic activity in humans and rodents (e.g., head twitch response) via agonist actions at 5-HT2A receptors. Several psilocybin analogs have emerged on recreational drug markets as new psychoactive substances (NPS), some of which are being investigated for their potential clinical utility in psychedelic assisted psychotherapy. For example, 4-acetoxy- N,N -dimethyltrytpamine (psilacetin) is a psychedelic NPS that is hypothesized to be a prodrug which is metabolized to psilocin, similar to psilocybin. Little is known about the pharmacology of psilacetin and related psilocybin analogs, especially with regard to how differences in receptor activity profiles might modulate in vivo behavioral, physiological, and potential clinical effects. The present study investigated the in vitro receptor affinities for a series of psilocybin analogs with differing N -alkyl substitutions (dimethyl, dipropyl, methylallyl, or methylisopropyl) or 4-position ring-substitutions (hydroxy, acetoxy or methoxy). Additionally, in vivo dose-response (0.03 - 3 mg/kg s.c.) and antagonist reversal experiments were conducted to examine head twitch responses (HTRs) in male C57BL/6J mice after administration of psilocybin, psilacetin, and psilocin. The in vitro receptor screening results revealed that all psilocybin analogs have low to mid nM affinities for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C subtypes, as well as other 5-HT receptors. Non-serotonergic targets included adrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, and sigma receptor subtypes, and monoamine transporters (dopamine & serotonin). However, affinities for the non-serotonergic sites were less consistent across the various compounds and much weaker when compared to activity at 5-HT receptors. The in vivo mouse studies revealed that the rank order of potency to induce HTRs was psilocin > psilacetin > psilocybin, suggesting that psilacetin may indeed be converted to psilocin in vivo. Perhaps more importantly, psilacetin may have psychedelic activity on its own based on pharmacological screening data showing nM binding affinity to 5-HT2A receptors. The HTRs induced by psilocybin, psilocin, and psilacetin (all 0.6 mg/kg s.c.) were blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist M100907 (0.01 mg/kg s.c.), indicating the involvement of 5-HT2A receptors. Taken together, our data provide key information about structure-activity relationships for receptor binding profiles of psilocybin analogs and suggest that psilacetin may be an alternative prodrug for psilocin, with possible psychedelic activity of its own. Future studies comparing the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of psilocybin and psilacetin seem warranted to confirm the conversion of these parent compounds to psilocin in vivo.", "journal": "The FASEB Journal", "publication_date": "2022-04-30", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3639", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3639", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Agonist, In vivo, Antagonist, Receptor, Stereochemistry, Biochemistry, Medicine, Biology, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4225399213\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4225399213\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049499127\",\"display_name\":\"Grant C. Glatfelter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-9083\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030447541\",\"display_name\":\"David R. Manke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-4801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003627004\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew R. Chadayne\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004773599\",\"display_name\":\"Michael H. Baumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S25293849\",\"source_display_name\":\"The FASEB Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3639\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4225399213" }, { "id": 3659, "title": "Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Single Center Study of Psilocybin Efficacy in Major Depression", "normalized_title": "phase ii randomized double blind placebo controlled parallel group single center study of psilocybin efficacy in major depression", "authors": "University of Zurich", "abstract": "Effects of serotonin 2A/1A receptor stimulation by psilocybin on mood and emotion processing in major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the world's greatest contributor to the global burden of disease and MDD affects around 17% of the Swiss population (Tomonaga et al. 2013). It is a chronic condition and can cause the affected person to suffer greatly and function poorly at work, at school and in the family. More than 1'000 suicides were recorded in Switzerland in 2014, about 90% of these fatalities were related to depression or other psychiatric problems. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in individuals 15-24 years of age (Insel \\& Charney 2003). Current pharmacotherapies, including monoaminergic-acting antidepressants, require prolonged administration (weeks if not months) for clinical improvement. This lag time, as well as a high non-response rate, emphasizes the need for better and faster-acting antidepressant medications. However, psychopharmacological research has largely failed to produce novel and more efficacious treatment options for MDD since decades. Advanced pharmaceutical antidepressants should ideally facilitate the psychotherapeutic process for patients, reduce the time onset of antidepressant efficacy, and prime neuroplastic adaptations relevant to symptom improvement. Such novel therapeutics are much needed and would address this detrimental public health problem, particularly in treatment-resistant patients. Early clinical studies using the psychotropic compound psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) as an adjunct in psychotherapy reported a significant improvement of clinical symptoms in depression and anxiety disorder (Leuner 1961, 1981). Psilocybin is the main psychoactive principle of the group of hallucinogenic fungi (Hofmann 1968), commonly known as magic mushrooms, and acts as partial agonist at cortical and sub-cortical serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors. At moderate doses, psilocybin produces a dream-like state of consciousness (Kraehenmann et al. 2016) characterized by perceptual alterations, enhanced mood, facilitated autobiographic memory recollection, and a change of perspective on the self (Leuner 1981; Studerus et al. 2011). Recent clinical studies applying placebo-controlled designs support and extend these early findings by showing that a single dose of psilocybin leads to a fast and sustained reduction in anxiety and depression as well as an improvement of quality of life in advanced cancer patients (Griffiths 2015, Grob et al. 2011). Furthermore, a recent open-label feasibility study showed rapid-onset, sustained symptom improvements over 3 weeks in a small sample of treatment-resistant depressed patients following two psilocybin treatment sessions (Carhart-Harris et al. 2016). Accumulating evidence from pharmacological and neuroimaging studies suggests that psilocybin may produce its antidepressant effects via activation of 5-HT2A receptors located in prefrontal-limbic structures that are also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression (Kraehenmann \\& Vollenweider et al. 2015; Vollenweider und Kometer 2010; Disner et al. 2011). In addition, molecular studies suggest that the enduring symptom improvement after a single dose of psilocybin may be mediated through downstream effects on the glutamate system and a subsequent activation of neuroplastic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Catlow et al. 2013, Barre et al. 2016). The present clinical trial aims at investigating the putative antidepressant effects of a single moderate dose of psilocybin (0.215 mg/kg) in patients suffering from MDD by applying a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The specific aims of this project are: 1. To investigate whether psilocybin in combination with short-term focused psychotherapy will reduce core symptoms in patients with MDD. 2. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to longitudinally assess whether a single dose of psilocybin will post-acutely change the negative emotion processing bias in patients with MDD and whether the change in emotion processing bias will predict subsequent symptom improvement. In addition, the investigators will analyze whether psilocybin will lead to sustained changes in functional neuronal network connectivity (FC), e.g. in amygdala-prefrontal FC. 3. To investigate whether psilocybin will increase BDNF plasma concentration and whether the change in BDNF is related to changes in fMRI markers and the subsequent mood improvement. Recent reviews indicate that impaired neuroplasticity is at the core of the pathophysiology moods and stress-related disorders. Current available antidepressants have been developed with the aim of providing symptom relief rather than targeting neuroplastic impairments. In contrast to this, the present proposal builds on promising new findings that single dose of psilocybin, presumably via a 5-HT2A receptor driven glutamatergic mechanism, leads to a rapid enhancement in neuronal resilience and a to a change in the function of neuronal networks underlying depressive symptoms and behavior. Targeting neuroplasticity with such novel approaches appears to be important for reversing cognitive schemata and emotion processing biases, fostering enduring improvements in mood and cognitive flexibility (Krystal et al. 2009). Expected value: this is the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) of psilocybin treatment in MDD. Using state-of-the art behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuroplasticity methodology, the results of this study will help elucidate urgently needed new treatment mechanisms in MDD. Should it turn out that a single moderate dose of psilocybin vs. placebo in conjunction with psychotherapy may rapidly and sustainedly reduce depressive symptoms, this will be a major breakthrough in finding a novel and fast acting treatment strategy in depressed patients. Therefore, the results of this study will have high impact on the field of pharmacological research into novel antidepressant medication.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2022-04-28", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03715127", "keywords": "Depressive Disorder, Major, Psilocybine oral capsule, Placebo oral capsule, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:34", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT03715127\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE2\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Aging,Resilience,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4973, "title": "P450. Pilot Study Evaluation of Psilocybin Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa: Safety, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy", "normalized_title": "p450 pilot study evaluation of psilocybin therapy for anorexia nervosa safety acceptability and preliminary efficacy", "authors": "Stéphanie Knatz Peck, Samatha Shao, Susan Murray, Walter H. Kaye", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2022-04-27", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.686", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.686", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia nervosa, Mood, Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Psychology, Anorexia, Psychotherapist, Appetite, Medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Internal medicine, Eating disorders, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293242421\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4293242421\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011897192\",\"display_name\":\"Stéphanie Knatz Peck\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-9158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080578011\",\"display_name\":\"Samatha Shao\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007210792\",\"display_name\":\"Susan Murray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-7673\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086371093\",\"display_name\":\"Walter H. Kaye\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.686\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4293242421" }, { "id": 1727, "title": "Serotonergic psychedelic drugs LSD and psilocybin reduce the hierarchical differentiation of unimodal and transmodal cortex.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelic drugs lsd and psilocybin reduce the hierarchical differentiation of unimodal and transmodal cortex", "authors": "Girn M, Roseman L, Bernhardt B, Smallwood J, Carhart-Harris R, Nathan Spreng R.", "abstract": "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are serotonergic psychedelic compounds with potential in the treatment of mental health disorders. Past neuroimaging investigations have revealed that both compounds can elicit significant changes to whole-brain functional organization and dynamics. A recent proposal linked past findings into a unified model and hypothesized reduced whole-brain hierarchical organization as a key mechanism underlying the psychedelic state, but this has yet to be directly tested. We applied a non-linear dimensionality reduction technique previously used to map hierarchical connectivity gradients to assess cortical organization in the LSD and psilocybin state from two previously published pharmacological resting-state fMRI datasets (N = 15 and 9, respectively). Results supported our primary hypothesis: The principal gradient of cortical connectivity, describing a hierarchy from unimodal to transmodal cortex, was significantly flattened under both drugs relative to their respective placebo conditions. Between-condition contrasts revealed that this was driven by a reduction of functional differentiation at both hierarchical extremes - default and frontoparietal networks at the upper end, and somatomotor at the lower. Gradient-based connectivity mapping indicated that this was underpinned by a disruption of modular unimodal connectivity and increased unimodal-transmodal crosstalk. Results involving the second and third gradient, which, respectively represent axes of sensory and executive differentiation, also showed significant alterations across both drugs. These findings provide support for a recent mechanistic model of the psychedelic state relevant to therapeutic applications of psychedelics. More fundamentally, we provide the first evidence that macroscale connectivity gradients are sensitive to an acute pharmacological manipulation, supporting a role for psychedelics as scientific tools to perturb cortical functional organization.", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2022-04-24", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119220", "pubmed_id": "35483649", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119220", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35483649\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4226057129\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":112,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006554089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019930104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043553533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054260111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116658855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148601705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148764920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2282150471\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407594647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536956629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587061236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592111319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618615166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773293192\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783076752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2797702265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886680918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938544796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945408075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971974346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972959563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2985453840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995495462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000451470\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007250256\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009793993\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010363778\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035816145\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035968464\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036939434\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039116382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081087537\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3087190666\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092040519\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3143890706\",\"https://openalex.org/W3166067865\",\"https://openalex.org/W3169621848\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180887856\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210329175\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241485676\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247582466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295750005\",\"https://openalex.org/W4297677430\",\"https://openalex.org/W6730248474\",\"https://openalex.org/W6763633403\",\"https://openalex.org/W6783780691\",\"https://openalex.org/W6796089156\",\"https://openalex.org/W6796121931\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017398137\",\"display_name\":\"Manesh Girn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-4273\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005096130\",\"display_name\":\"Boris C. Bernhardt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9256-6041\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088006732\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Smallwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-2459\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078300477\",\"display_name\":\"R. Nathan Spreng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-8916\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119220\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4226057129" }, { "id": 1428, "title": "Is PTSD an Evolutionary Survival Adaptation Initiated by Unrestrained Cytokine Signaling and Maintained by Epigenetic Change?", "normalized_title": "is ptsd an evolutionary survival adaptation initiated by unrestrained cytokine signaling and maintained by epigenetic change", "authors": "Rudzki S.", "abstract": "IntroductionTreatment outcomes for PTSD with current psychological therapies are poor, with very few patients achieving sustained symptom remission. A number of authors have identified physiological and immune disturbances in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients, but there is no unifying hypothesis that explains the myriad features of the disorder.Materials and methodsThe medical literature was reviewed over a 6-year period primarily using the medical database PUBMED.ResultsThe literature contains numerous papers that have identified a range of physiological and immune dysfunction in association with PTSD. This paper proposes that unrestrained cytokine signaling induces epigenetic changes that promote an evolutionary survival adaptation, which maintains a defensive PTSD phenotype. The brain can associate immune signaling with past threat and initiate a defensive behavioral response. The sympathetic nervous system is pro-inflammatory, while the parasympathetic nervous system is anti-inflammatory. Prolonged cholinergic withdrawal will promote a chronic inflammatory state. The innate immune cytokine IL-1β has pleiotropic properties and can regulate autonomic, glucocorticoid, and glutamate receptor functions, sleep, memory, and epigenetic enzymes. Changes in epigenetic enzyme activity can potentially alter phenotype and induce an adaptation. Levels of IL-1β correlate with severity and duration of PTSD and PTSD can be prevented by bolus administration of hydrocortisone in acute sepsis, consistent with unrestrained inflammation being a risk factor for PTSD. The nervous and immune systems engage in crosstalk, governed by common receptors. The benefits of currently used psychiatric medication may arise from immune, as well as synaptic, modulation. The psychedelic drugs (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, and ketamine) have potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects on the adaptive immune system, which may contribute to their reported benefit in PTSD. There may be distinct PTSD phenotypes induced by innate and adaptive cytokine signaling.ConclusionIn order for an organism to survive, it must adapt to its environment. Cytokines signal danger to the brain and can induce epigenetic changes that result in a persistent defensive phenotype. PTSD may be the price individuals pay for the genomic flexibility that promotes adaptation and survival.", "journal": "Military Medicine", "publication_date": "2022-04-20", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/milmed/usac095", "pubmed_id": "35446412", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac095", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35446412\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Rudzki\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207859457\",\"source_display_name\":\"Military Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac095\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics,Review Article,Safety,Genomics,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4224232624" }, { "id": 1798, "title": "Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression.", "normalized_title": "increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression", "authors": "Daws RE, Timmermann C, Giribaldi B, Sexton JD, Wall MB, Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R.", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy shows antidepressant potential, but its therapeutic actions are not well understood. We assessed the subacute impact of psilocybin on brain function in two clinical trials of depression. The first was an open-label trial of orally administered psilocybin (10 mg and 25 mg, 7 d apart) in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded at baseline and 1 d after the 25-mg dose. Beck's depression inventory was the primary outcome measure ( MR/J00460X/1 ). The second trial was a double-blind phase II randomized controlled trial comparing psilocybin therapy with escitalopram. Patients with major depressive disorder received either 2 × 25 mg oral psilocybin, 3 weeks apart, plus 6 weeks of daily placebo ('psilocybin arm') or 2 × 1 mg oral psilocybin, 3 weeks apart, plus 6 weeks of daily escitalopram (10-20 mg) ('escitalopram arm'). fMRI was recorded at baseline and 3 weeks after the second psilocybin dose ( NCT03429075 ). In both trials, the antidepressant response to psilocybin was rapid, sustained and correlated with decreases in fMRI brain network modularity, implying that psilocybin's antidepressant action may depend on a global increase in brain network integration. Network cartography analyses indicated that 5-HT2A receptor-rich higher-order functional networks became more functionally interconnected and flexible after psilocybin treatment. The antidepressant response to escitalopram was milder and no changes in brain network organization were observed. Consistent efficacy-related brain changes, correlating with robust antidepressant effects across two studies, suggest an antidepressant mechanism for psilocybin therapy: global increases in brain network integration.", "journal": "Nature Medicine", "publication_date": "2022-04-10", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z", "pubmed_id": "35411074", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Double-Blind Method, Depression, Psilocybin, Escitalopram, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35411074\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4223491164\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":431,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1950473838\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001567161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004874491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006096283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013523345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021469680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068252829\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074617510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078524519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095293504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100111273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131681506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135176444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138566349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142566135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151721316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152329655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156737316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160599403\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181732012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2345489637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346168897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2371895244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2520032442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536956629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537247270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608304771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622366552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2730632269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752088033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889504249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921129816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951617899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955797788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962725064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974707943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979698969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999261467\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007757062\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014803974\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036741565\",\"https://openalex.org/W3036992158\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3099375003\",\"https://openalex.org/W3099768174\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110378780\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110820786\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129438202\",\"https://openalex.org/W3136346826\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149222464\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149674515\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154528253\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180716265\",\"https://openalex.org/W6768636864\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026599997\",\"display_name\":\"Richard E. Daws\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-5768\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055329548\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Timmermann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-377X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032084209\",\"display_name\":\"James Sexton\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3402-2748\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S203256638\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4223491164" }, { "id": 1794, "title": "Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits.", "normalized_title": "models of psychedelic drug action modulation of cortical subcortical circuits", "authors": "Doss MK, Madden MB, Gaddis A, Nebel MB, Griffiths RR, Mathur BN, Barrett FS.", "abstract": "Classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recaptured the imagination of both science and popular culture, and may have efficacy in treating a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Human and animal studies of psychedelic drug action in the brain have demonstrated the involvement of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor and the cerebral cortex in acute psychedelic drug action, but different models have evolved to try to explain the impact of 5-HT2A activation on neural systems. Two prominent models of psychedelic drug action (the cortico-striatal thalamo-cortical, or CSTC, model and relaxed beliefs under psychedelics, or REBUS, model) have emphasized the role of different subcortical structures as crucial in mediating psychedelic drug effects. We describe these models and discuss gaps in knowledge, inconsistencies in the literature and extensions of both models. We then introduce a third circuit-level model involving the claustrum, a thin strip of grey matter between the insula and the external capsule that densely expresses 5-HT2A receptors (the cortico-claustro-cortical, or CCC, model). In this model, we propose that the claustrum entrains canonical cortical network states, and that psychedelic drugs disrupt 5-HT2A-mediated network coupling between the claustrum and the cortex, leading to attenuation of canonical cortical networks during psychedelic drug effects. Together, these three models may explain many phenomena of the psychedelic experience, and using this framework, future research may help to delineate the functional specificity of each circuit to the action of both serotonergic and non-serotonergic hallucinogens.", "journal": "Brain", "publication_date": "2022-03-31", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/brain/awab406", "pubmed_id": "34897383", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab406", "keywords": "Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34897383\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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K. Doss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-2522\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086561787\",\"display_name\":\"Maxwell B. Madden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-986X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023659704\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Gaddis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-3726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057324811\",\"display_name\":\"Mary Beth Nebel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-3382\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026298510\",\"display_name\":\"Brian N. Mathur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-8625\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113976793\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S118357697\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brain\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab406\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4200471428" }, { "id": 4980, "title": "Demystifying Psychedelic Treatments in Psychiatry: Is Ego Dissolution the Solution?", "normalized_title": "demystifying psychedelic treatments in psychiatry is ego dissolution the solution", "authors": "Michael Avissar, Adrian Jacques H. Ambrose", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Annual MeetingFull AccessDemystifying Psychedelic Treatments in Psychiatry: Is Ego Dissolution the Solution?Michael Avissar, M.D., Ph.D., Adrian Jacques Ambrose, M.D., M.P.H.Michael AvissarSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Adrian Jacques AmbroseSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.P.H.Published Online:24 Mar 2022https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2022.04.4.35AbstractA growing body of research suggests that psychedelic compounds may be useful for treating patients with certain disorders.iStock/agsandrewAs highlighted by several sessions at the APA Annual meeting, there’s a growing renewed interest in psychedelics, which are compounds that induce changes in thought, perception, and mood, in the clinical and research communities. Classic psychedelics refer to a subset whose mind-manifesting and hallucinogenic effects are primarily mediated by the serotonin receptor, 5HT2A: tryptamines (for example, LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT), and phenethylamines (for example, MDMA and mescaline). While demonstrating empathogenic effects, such as emotional openness and increased relatedness, MDMA is sometimes excluded from this category due to its limited hallucinogenic effects.Despite varying pharmacological profiles, all classic psychedelics can induce a sense of “tripping” and mystical feelings-ineffable oneness with the universe, blurring of boundaries between self and the world, and loosening of rigid thoughts. Reported long-term effects can include positive changes in personality and attitudes such as increased openness, optimism, mindfulness, and improved social cognition. Some neurobiological studies indicate that psychedelics may place the brain in a more plastic and high-entropy state, which may disrupt rigid emotional and cognitive processes. Furthermore, disruptions in thalamocortical and default mode network connectivity are posited to alleviate ruminative thinking and overreliance on prior distorted beliefs characteristic of neurotic disorders. In clinical populations, antidepressant effects have been correlated with increased ego dissolution, mystical experiences, and “normalization” of putative biomarkers of pathological states.While promising in their potential therapeutic application, classic psychedelics have significant adverse effects, such as increased anxiety, altered mental status, dysregulation, and/or persistent psychosis in vulnerable populations. Moreover, LSD and psilocybin are agonists at the 5HT2B receptors, which are associated with valvular heart diseases. Lastly, prospective long-term safety data are still lacking.Historical Context of ResearchFor thousands of years, psychedelics have been used for religious, ceremonial, or medicinal purposes. In 1896, Arthur Heffter successfully synthesized a classic psychedelic-mescaline (naturally occurring in peyote), which was subsequently studied in Emil Kraepelin’s clinic as a psychotomimetic agent. In 1936, Swiss chemist Albert Hoffman synthesized LSD, which galvanized researchers to investigate therapeutic uses ranging from treatment of alcoholism to depression. As psychedelics spread outside of scientific circles in the 1960s, a cultural backlash led to increased regulation; the subsequent federal Controlled Substances Act passed in 1970 halted clinical research for decades. Renewed interest in the 1990s led to a new wave with more rigorous methodologies investigating multiple indications-treatment-resistant depression, existential distress in terminal illness, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, eating disorders, alcohol use disorder, smoking cessation, autism spectrum disorder, and cluster/migraine headaches.New Era of ResearchMost psychedelic studies are currently funded by small pharmaceuticals or foundations. The National Institute of Mental Health held its first psychedelics workshop in January. The studies typically include intensive psychotherapy protocols with preparatory sessions, supportive therapy during dosing, and integrative sessions.Schedule of Sessions on PsychedelicsSUNDAY, MAY2210:30 a.m.-NoonPsychedelics: Therapeutic Mechanisms1:30 p.m.-3 p.m.Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Past, Present, and Pressing IssuesTUESDAY, MAY248 a.m.-9:30 a.m.Treating Substance Use Disorders With Classical PsychedelicsWEDNESDAY, MAY2510:30 a.m.-NoonThe Psychedelic Revolution in PsychiatryWhile there is no FDA-approved classic psychedelic, psilocybin and MDMA have received “breakthrough therapy” FDA designations for depression and PTSD, respectively. A phase 3 trial of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD in 90 participants published May 10, 2021, in Nature Medicine yielded a large effect size of 0.91 on the primary outcome (CAPS-5 score), which was a considerably larger effect size than the standard pharmacological treatments. In a phase 2b trial of psilocybin-assisted therapy in 233 participants with treatment-resistant depression, Compass Pathways reported significant reduction in depressive symptomatology (MADRS score) in the highest dose group (25 mg) compared with the control low-dose group (1 mg) even at 12-week follow-up. Compass plans to begin a phase 3 trial this year.Current limitations of psychedelic research include concerns of representativeness and generalizability, as most participants are self-selected prior users and predominantly consist of White, educated, high socioeconomic status populations. Furthermore, participants with comorbidities or vulnerability to psychosis are often excluded. High expectancy, nocebo effects, and poor blinding may also limit interpretability of findings.Revisiting Ego DissolutionSurprisingly, there is no definitive proof that the ego dissolution (for example, conscious hallucinogenic experience) is necessary or sufficient for therapeutic effects. In rodents, studies using 5HT2A blockers or pharmaceutically designed nonhallucinogenic analogs demonstrate antidepressant effects despite reductions in psychedelic-induced head-twitch responses. The analogous study has not been done in humans, but similar findings in humans could have profound implications on treatment protocols: If therapeutic effects are independent of “tripping,” many existing safety and study design barriers could be circumvented. As larger trials attempt to establish efficacy, a pressing question with implications for assisted-therapy protocols, safety, and accessibility of treatment remains unanswered: Is ego dissolution the solution? ■“MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Severe PTSD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study” is posted here.Michael Avissar, M.D., Ph.D., and Adrian Jacques Ambrose, M.D., M.P.H., are both assistant professors of psychiatry at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center of the Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2022-03-23", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2022.04.4.35", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2022.04.4.35", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mescaline, Hallucinogen, Psychology, MDMA, Psychoanalysis, Id, ego and super-ego, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Chemistry, Receptor, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4220982704\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4220982704\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103515502\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Avissar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029657561\",\"display_name\":\"Adrian Jacques H. Ambrose\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-6968\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2022.04.4.35\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,OCD,Eating Disorders,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Biomarkers,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4220982704" }, { "id": 3206, "title": "Shared and distinct brain regions targeted for immediate early gene expression by ketamine and psilocybin", "normalized_title": "shared and distinct brain regions targeted for immediate early gene expression by ketamine and psilocybin", "authors": "Davoudian PA, Shao L, Kwan AC.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Psilocybin is a psychedelic with therapeutic potential. While there is growing evidence that psilocybin exerts its beneficial effects through enhancing neural plasticity, the exact brain regions involved are not completely understood. Determining the impact of psilocybin on plasticity-related gene expression throughout the brain can broaden our understanding of the neural circuits involved in psychedelic-evoked neural plasticity. In this study, whole-brain serial two-photon microscopy and light sheet microscopy were employed to map the expression of the immediate early gene, c-Fos, in male and female mice. The drug-induced c-Fos expression following psilocybin administration was compared to that of subanesthetic ketamine and saline control. Psilocybin and ketamine produced acutely comparable elevations in c-Fos expression in numerous brain regions, including anterior cingulate cortex, locus coeruleus, primary visual cortex, central and basolateral amygdala, medial and lateral habenula, and claustrum. Select regions exhibited drug-preferential differences, such as dorsal raphe and insular cortex for psilocybin and the CA1 subfield of hippocampus for ketamine. To gain insights into the contributions of receptors and cell types, the c-Fos expression maps were related to brain-wide in situ hybridization data. The transcript analyses showed that the endogenous levels of Grin2a and Grin2b are predictive of whether a cortical region is sensitive to drug-evoked neural plasticity for both ketamine and psilocybin. Collectively, the systematic mapping approach produced an unbiased list of brain regions impacted by psilocybin and ketamine. The data are a resource that highlights previously underappreciated regions for future investigations. Furthermore, the robust relationships between drug-evoked c-Fos expression and endogenous transcript distributions suggest glutamatergic receptors as a potential convergent target for how psilocybin and ketamine produce their rapid-acting and long-lasting therapeutic effects.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-03-19", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.03.18.484437", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.18.484437", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR470947\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 4982, "title": "Counselors’ attitudes toward psychedelics and their use in therapy", "normalized_title": "counselors attitudes toward psychedelics and their use in therapy", "authors": "Benjamin Hearn, Michael D. Brubaker, George B. Richardson", "abstract": "Abstract The ‘‘psychedelic renaissance’’ is generating new evidence for psychedelics’ potential to treat numerous mental and substance use disorders. In particular, the United States Food and Drug Administration is poised to approve psychedelic drugs 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin for the use in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT). This renaissance has led to substantial public attention toward psychedelics, state and local changes to the legal status of psychedelics, and recent increases in the rate of psychedelic use among United States adults. Despite these advancements, the counseling profession has remained relatively disengaged from the research and general discourse surrounding psychedelics and PAT. In response to this gap, this study presents the results of a survey of counseling professionals’ attitudes toward psychedelics and PATs. Results suggest counselors’ attitudes toward psychedelic use and PATs are mixed, unless they are medically supervised. Furthermore, most counselors see potential in PAT and the need for additional research.", "journal": "Journal of Counseling & Development", "publication_date": "2022-03-18", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1002/jcad.12429", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12429", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, The Renaissance, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Art history, Art, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4221070625\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4221070625\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":46,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1971659956\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020266843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036149274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071666535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113662989\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126551814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135643379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2251369525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2260883399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537027964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742799454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757390367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2804532410\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895740693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2963934185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996233343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001327571\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007555931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018943978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047886920\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094549229\",\"https://openalex.org/W3108632668\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112172827\",\"https://openalex.org/W3116749687\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126191882\",\"https://openalex.org/W3139397908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3149986569\",\"https://openalex.org/W3197311089\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203095924\",\"https://openalex.org/W3205629683\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003484284\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin Hearn\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060014359\",\"display_name\":\"Michael D. Brubaker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-7332\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018922307\",\"display_name\":\"George B. Richardson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-159X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1374498\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Counseling & Development\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12429\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4221070625" }, { "id": 1765, "title": "The promises and perils of psychedelic pharmacology for psychiatry.", "normalized_title": "the promises and perils of psychedelic pharmacology for psychiatry", "authors": "McClure-Begley TD, Roth BL.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs including psilocybin, N,N'-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are undergoing a renaissance as potentially useful drugs for various neuropsychiatric diseases, with a rapid onset of therapeutic activity. Notably, phase II trials have shown that psilocybin can produce statistically significant clinical effects following one or two administrations in depression and anxiety. These findings have inspired a 'gold rush' of commercial interest, with nearly 60 companies already formed to explore opportunities for psychedelics in treating diverse diseases. Additionally, these remarkable phenomenological and clinical observations are informing hypotheses about potential molecular mechanisms of action that need elucidation to realize the full potential of this investigative space. In particular, despite compelling evidence that the 5-HT2A receptor is a critical mediator of the behavioural effects of psychedelic drugs, uncertainty remains about which aspects of 5-HT2A receptor activity in the central nervous system are responsible for therapeutic effects and to what degree they can be isolated by developing novel chemical probes with differing specificity and selectivity profiles. Here, we discuss this emerging area of therapeutics, covering both controversies and areas of consensus related to the opportunities and perils of psychedelic and psychedelic-inspired therapeutics. We highlight how basic science breakthroughs can guide the discovery and development of psychedelic-inspired medications with the potential for improved efficacy without hallucinogenic or rewarding actions.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-03-16", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1038/s41573-022-00421-7", "pubmed_id": "35301459", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-022-00421-7", "keywords": "Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Psychiatry, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35301459\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1764, "title": "Development of an E. coli-based norbaeocystin production platform and evaluation of behavioral effects in rats.", "normalized_title": "development of an e coli based norbaeocystin production platform and evaluation of behavioral effects in rats", "authors": "Adams AM, Anas NA, Sen AK, Hinegardner-Hendricks JD, O'Dell PJ, Gibbons WJ, Flower JE, McMurray MS, Jones JA.", "abstract": "Interest in the potential therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin and other psychedelic compounds has escalated significantly in recent years. To date, little is known regarding the biological activity of the psilocybin pathway intermediate, norbaeocystin, due to limitations around sourcing the phosphorylated tryptamine metabolite for in vivo testing. To address this limitation, we first developed a novel E. coli platform for the rapid and scalable production of gram-scale amounts of norbaeocystin. Through this process we compare the genetic and fermentation optimization strategies to that of a similarly constructed and previously reported psilocybin producing strain, uncovering the need for reoptimization and balancing upon even minor genetic modifications to the production host. We then perform in vivo measurements of head twitch response to both biosynthesized psilocybin and norbaeocystin using both a cell broth and water vehicle in Long-Evans rats. The data show a dose response to psilocybin while norbaeocystin does not elicit any pharmacological response, suggesting that norbaeocystin and its metabolites may not have a strong affinity for the serotonin 2A receptor. The findings presented here provide a mechanism to source norbaeocystin for future studies to evaluate its disease efficacy in animal models, both individually and in combination with psilocybin, and support the safety of cell broth as a drug delivery vehicle.", "journal": "Metabolic Engineering Communications", "publication_date": "2022-03-11", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00196", "pubmed_id": "35310468", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00196", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35310468\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4220669239\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4220669239\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":21,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025534288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037630877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062765660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130996362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154524838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2435600814\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973895336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013100262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016823936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025951714\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048387866\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092306296\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W6784290885\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069267630\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandra M. Adams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0518-0461\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050418284\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas A. Anas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077644431\",\"display_name\":\"Abhishek K. Sen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035202969\",\"display_name\":\"Jordan D. Hinegardner-Hendricks\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-5003\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082807895\",\"display_name\":\"Philip J. O’Dell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8704-1806\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"William J. Gibbons\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041542031\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica E. Flower\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072282809\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew S. McMurray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-2933\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070067902\",\"display_name\":\"J. Andrew Jones\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9068-2126\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898246255\",\"source_display_name\":\"Metabolic Engineering Communications\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00196\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4220669239" }, { "id": 4984, "title": "184. Hallucinogens on TikTok", "normalized_title": "184 hallucinogens on tiktok", "authors": "Amrutha Garimella, Bradley Kerr, Reese H. Hyzer, Megan A. Moreno", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Adolescent Health", "publication_date": "2022-03-10", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.101", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.101", "keywords": "Ayahuasca, Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Content analysis, Medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Social science, Internal medicine, Sociology, Anthropology, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4221022301\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4221022301\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012372327\",\"display_name\":\"Amrutha Garimella\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076931347\",\"display_name\":\"Bradley Kerr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1336-786X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047965731\",\"display_name\":\"Reese H. Hyzer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-8341\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019764385\",\"display_name\":\"Megan A. Moreno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-0787\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S101177023\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Adolescent Health\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.101\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4221022301" }, { "id": 1813, "title": "Depression and Long-Term Prescription Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder: Implications for Pain Management in Cancer.", "normalized_title": "depression and long term prescription opioid use and opioid use disorder implications for pain management in cancer", "authors": "Bates N, Bello JK, Osazuwa-Peters N, Sullivan MD, Scherrer JF.", "abstract": "Opinion statementPreventing depression in cancer patients on long-term opioid therapy should begin with depression screening before opioid initiation and repeated screening during treatment. In weighing the high morbidity of depression and opioid use disorder in patients with chronic cancer pain against a dearth of evidence-based therapies studied in this population, patients and clinicians are left to choose among imperfect but necessary treatment options. When possible, we advise engaging psychiatric and pain/palliative specialists through collaborative care models and recommending mindfulness and psychotherapy to all patients with significant depression alongside cancer pain. Medications for depression should be reserved for moderate to severe symptoms. We recommend escitalopram/citalopram or sertraline among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) duloxetine, venlafaxine, or desvenlafaxine if patients have a significant component of neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (consider nortriptyline or desipramine, which have better anticholinergic profiles) should be considered for patients who do not respond to or tolerate SSRI/SNRIs. Existing evidence is inadequate to definitively recommend methylphenidate or novel agents, such as ketamine or psilocybin, as adjunctive treatments for cancer-related depression and pain. Physicians who treat patients with cancer pain should utilize universal precautions to limit the risk of non-medical opioid use (non-medical opioid use). Patients should be screened for non-medical opioid use behaviors at initial consultation and at regular intervals during treatment using a non-judgmental approach that reduces stigma. Co-management with an addiction specialist may be indicated for patients at high risk of non-medical opioid use and opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine and methadone are indicated for the treatment of opioid use disorder, and while they have not been systematically studied for treatment of opioid use disorder in patients with cancer pain, they do provide analgesia for cancer pain. While an interdisciplinary team approach to manage psychological stress may be beneficial, this may not be possible for patients treated outside of comprehensive cancer centers.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-03-06", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s11864-022-00954-4", "pubmed_id": "35254595", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-022-00954-4", "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Pain, Opioid-Related Disorders, Analgesics, Opioid, Depression, Prescriptions, Pain Management, Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors, Cancer Pain, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35254595\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Cancer Patients,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1766, "title": "Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review.", "normalized_title": "drug drug interactions between psychiatric medications and mdma or psilocybin a systematic review", "authors": "Sarparast A, Thomas K, Malcolm B, Stauffer CS.", "abstract": "Rationale & objectives ± 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin are currently moving through the US Food and Drug Administration's phased drug development process for psychiatric treatment indications: posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, respectively. The current standard of care for these disorders involves treatment with psychiatric medications (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), so it will be important to understand drug-drug interactions between MDMA or psilocybin and psychiatric medications.MethodsIn accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we queried the MEDLINE database via PubMed for publications of human studies in English spanning between the first synthesis of psilocybin (1958) and December 2020. We used 163 search terms containing 22 psychiatric medication classes, 135 specific psychiatric medications, and 6 terms describing MDMA or psilocybin.ResultsForty publications were included in our systematic review: 26 reporting outcomes from randomized controlled studies with healthy adults, 3 epidemiologic studies, and 11 case reports. Publications of studies describe interactions between MDMA (N = 24) or psilocybin (N = 5) and medications from several psychiatric drug classes: adrenergic agents, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, NMDA antagonists, psychostimulants, and several classes of antidepressants. We focus our results on pharmacodynamic, physiological, and subjective outcomes of drug-drug interactions.ConclusionsAs MDMA and psilocybin continue to move through the FDA drug development process, this systematic review offers a compilation of existing research on psychiatric drug-drug interactions with MDMA or psilocybin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-03-06", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-022-06083-y", "pubmed_id": "35253070", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06083-y", "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Hallucinogens, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Psychotherapy, Drug Interactions, Adult, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35253070\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3226, "title": "Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity", "authors": "Gaddis A, Lidstone DE, Nebel MB, Griffiths R, Mostofsky SH, Mejia A, Barrett F.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Background Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR ) agonist psychedelics including psilocybin and LSD (“classic” psychedelics) evoke acute alterations in perception and cognition. Altered thalamocortical connectivity has been proposed to underlie these effects, which is supported by some functional MRI (fMRI) studies. Likely due to sample size limitations, these studies have treated the thalamus as a unitary structure, despite known differential 5-HT 2AR expression and functional specificity of different intrathalamic nuclei. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been employed to generate functional subdivisions of the thalamus from resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) data. This report utilizes a novel data-sparing ICA approach in order to examine psilocybin-induced changes in intrathalamic functional organization and thalamocortical connectivity. Methods Baseline rsfMRI data (n=38) was utilized to generate a template, which was then applied in a novel ICA-based analysis of the acute effects of psilocybin on intra- and extra-thalamic functional organization and connectivity in a smaller sample (n=18). Correlations with subjective reports of drug effect and comparisons with a previously reported analytic approach (treating the thalamus as a single functional unit) were conducted. Results Several intrathalamic components showed significant psilocybin-induced alterations in intrathalamic spatial organization, largely localized to the mediodorsal and pulvinar nuclei, and correlated with reported subjective effects. These same components demonstrated alterations in thalamocortical connectivity, largely with visual and default mode networks. Analysis in which the thalamus is treated as a singular unitary structure showed an overall numerical increase in thalamocortical connectivity, consistent with previous literature using this approach, but this increase did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Utilization of a novel analytic approach demonstrated changes in intra- and extra-thalamic functional organization and connectivity of intrathalamic nuclei and cortical networks known to express the 5-HT 2AR. Given that these changes were not observed using whole-thalamus analyses, it seems that psilocybin may cause widespread but modest increases in thalamocortical connectivity that are offset by strong focal decreases in functionally relevant intrathalamic nuclei.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2022-03-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1101/2022.02.28.482395", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.28.482395", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR463548\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1768, "title": "Effects of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist volinanserin on head-twitch response and intracranial self-stimulation depression induced by different structural classes of psychedelics in rodents.", "normalized_title": "effects of the 5 ht2a receptor antagonist volinanserin on head twitch response and intracranial self stimulation depression induced by different structural classes of psychedelics in rodents", "authors": "Jaster AM, Elder H, Marsh SA, de la Fuente Revenga M, Negus SS, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "BackgroundClinical studies suggest that psychedelics exert robust therapeutic benefits in a number of psychiatric conditions including substance use disorder. Preclinical studies focused on safety and efficacy of these compounds are necessary to determine the full range of psychedelics' effects.ObjectivesThe present study explores the behavioral pharmacology of structurally distinct psychedelics in paradigms associated with serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation and behavioral disruption in two rodent models. Utilizing the selective 5-HT2AR antagonist volinanserin, we aimed to provide further pharmacological assessment of psychedelic effects in rodents.MethodsWe compared volinanserin (0.0001-0.1 mg/kg) antagonism of the phenethylamine 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI, 1.0 mg/kg) and the ergoline lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 0.32 mg/kg) in preclinical assays predictive of hallucinations (head-twitch response or HTR in mice) and behavioral disruption (intracranial self-stimulation or ICSS in rats). Volinanserin antagonism of the phenethylamine mescaline, the tryptamine psilocybin, and the k-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin A was also evaluated in the rat ICSS assay.ResultsVolinanserin had similar potency, effectiveness, and time-course to attenuate DOI-induced HTR in mice and ICSS depression in rats. Volinanserin completely blocked LSD-induced HTR in mice, but not LSD-induced ICSS depression in rats. Volinanserin also reversed ICSS depression by mescaline, but it was only partially effective to reduce the effects of psilocybin, and it exacerbated ICSS depression by salvinorin A.ConclusionAlthough hallucination-related HTR behavior induced by phenethylamine, ergoline, and tryptamine psychedelics appears to be 5-HT2AR-mediated, the receptor(s) responsible for behavioral disruptive effects may differ among these three structural classes.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-03-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-022-06092-x", "pubmed_id": "35233648", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06092-x", "keywords": "Animals, Rodentia, Mice, Rats, Tryptamines, Serotonin, Phenethylamines, Mescaline, Fluorobenzenes, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Piperidines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Depression, Self Stimulation, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35233648\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1767, "title": "Effects of ketamine optical isomers, psilocybin, psilocin and norpsilocin on time estimation and cognition in rats.", "normalized_title": "effects of ketamine optical isomers psilocybin psilocin and norpsilocin on time estimation and cognition in rats", "authors": "Popik P, Hogendorf A, Bugno R, Khoo SY, Zajdel P, Malikowska-Racia N, Nikiforuk A, Golebiowska J.", "abstract": "RationaleKetamine and psilocybin belong to the rapid-acting antidepressants but they also produce psychotomimetic effects including timing distortion. It is currently debatable whether these are essential for their therapeutic actions. As depressed patients report that the \"time is dragging,\" we hypothesized that ketamine and psilocybin-like compounds may produce an opposite effect, i.e., time underestimation, purportedly contributing to their therapeutic properties.ObjectivesTiming was tested following administration of (R)- and (S)-ketamine, and psilocybin, psilocin, and norpsilocin in the discrete-trial temporal discrimination task (TDT) in male rats. Timing related to premature responses, and cognitive and unspecific effects of compounds were tested in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) in the standard 1-s, and \"easier\" 2-s stimulus duration conditions, as well as in the vITI variant promoting impulsive responses.Results(S)-ketamine (15 but not 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg) shifted psychometric curve to the right in TDT and reduced premature responses in 5-CSRTT, suggesting expected time underestimation, but it also decreased the accuracy of temporal discrimination and increased response and reward latencies, decreased correct responses, and increased incorrect responses. While (R)-ketamine did not affect timing and produced no unspecific actions, it reduced incorrect responses in TDT and increased accuracy in 5-CSRTT, suggesting pro-cognitive effects. Psilocin and psilocybin produced mainly unspecific effects in both tasks, while norpsilocin showed no effects.ConclusionsTime underestimation produced by (S)-ketamine could be associated with its antidepressant effects; however, it was accompanied with severe behavioral disruption. We also hypothesize that behavioral disruption produced by psychedelics objectively reflects their psychotomimetic-like actions.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-03-01", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-021-06020-5", "pubmed_id": "35234983", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-06020-5", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Rats, Serotonin, Ketamine, Antidepressive Agents, Cognition, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:37", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35234983\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4214937728\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4214937728\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":30,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1541141148\",\"https://openalex.org/W1546664245\",\"https://openalex.org/W1608611146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1766588580\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971612884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973750932\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977573148\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978443369\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991333985\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993557467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002513166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006045052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008262218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009086345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009243620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018969119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022130624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025333158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025964232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028048940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028127185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028884770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037153657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049563161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050530976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053016988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056530512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060089850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063130669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066132862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086305648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143625387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163433107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2176587016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2310217103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2464869946\",\"https://openalex.org/W2488012401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516420108\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2615450788\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890893449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983463140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983625743\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000352472\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007923795\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046957448\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091037153\",\"https://openalex.org/W3117542960\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134320342\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156594315\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234562209\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243287814\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020658677\",\"display_name\":\"Piotr Popik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-1263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034604911\",\"display_name\":\"Adam S. Hogendorf\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-3266\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006523340\",\"display_name\":\"Ryszard Bugno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-674X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025011942\",\"display_name\":\"Shaun Yon-Seng Khoo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-3788\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045626009\",\"display_name\":\"Paweł Zajdel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-8721\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087332321\",\"display_name\":\"Natalia Malikowska-Racia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-7768\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022670452\",\"display_name\":\"Agnieszka Nikiforuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-8348\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072655660\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Gołębiowska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2250-2995\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-06020-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4214937728" }, { "id": 4989, "title": "Hallucinogen chemistry guides antidepressant drug discovery", "normalized_title": "hallucinogen chemistry guides antidepressant drug discovery", "authors": "Bethany Halford", "abstract": "Scientists have long sought the secrets of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor-a central nervous system receptor that binds hallucinogenic compounds, including LSD and psilocybin. Many hope to discover why these molecules cause hallucinations when they bind to 5-HT2A while other compounds that bind to the receptor, including serotonin, do not. LSD and psilocybin have been shown to treat mood disorders such as depression, and scientists wonder if they can design molecules that maintain that mood-altering ability without causing hallucinations. Researchers now report a structural biology-guided strategy for making such molecules. A team led by Sheng Wang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jianjun Cheng of ShanghaiTech University determined the crystal structures of the 5-HT2A receptor bound to LSD, psilocin (the active form of psilocybin), serotonin, or lisuride, a nonhallucinogenic treatment for Parkinson’s disease. After visualizing the differences in how those molecules bind, the researchers then designed", "journal": "C&EN Global Enterprise", "publication_date": "2022-02-06", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1021/cen-10005-leadcon", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-10005-leadcon", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Drug discovery, Drug, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Anxiety, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:57", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4210908417\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4210908417\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091278476\",\"display_name\":\"Bethany Halford\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210177211\",\"source_display_name\":\"C&EN Global Enterprise\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-10005-leadcon\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4210908417" }, { "id": 1825, "title": "Analysis of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Medicine: A Narrative Review.", "normalized_title": "analysis of psilocybin assisted therapy in medicine a narrative review", "authors": "Ziff S, Stern B, Lewis G, Majeed M, Gorantla VR.", "abstract": "Psilocybin-containing mushrooms have been consumed by various cultures in many different parts of the world for thousands of years. Psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, contains unique psychoactive properties and has been incorporated into religious ceremonies and investigated for its medicinal value. In the mid-20th century, psilocybin, along with most other classic psychedelics (5HT-2A agonists), was classified as a Schedule I substance, bringing a halt to research on its medicinal utility. The resurgence of clinical trials involving psilocybin in the 21st century has produced promising results concerning the treatment of addiction, depression, and end-of-life mood disorders. Results from these trials have shown significant reductions in depression and anxiety when compared with a placebo, and one trial found no significant difference when compared to a routinely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Studies conducted with patients with advanced-stage cancer have demonstrated that psilocybin may also be beneficial at reducing depression and anxiety associated with psychological crises due to a terminal diagnosis. Psilocybin therapy in the treatment of addiction, which is notoriously difficult to treat, has shown encouraging results. Due to its low toxicity and low risk of overuse, psilocybin has the potential to have a significant influence in the field of addiction medicine. Psilocybin addiction research has been primarily focused on nicotine and alcohol and, in a few small, open-label trials, has shown superiority over traditional therapies. Psilocybin has a relatively unique and incompletely understood mechanism of action, which allows it to be given at several isolated periods. This infrequent dosing regimen has been shown to produce durable effects with minimal toxicity. This review analyzes the potential of psilocybin in the treatment of addiction, depression, and end-of-life mood disorders. In addition, it will discuss the difficulties involved with conducting scientific research on psychedelic compounds, adverse effects, and the therapeutic measures that are necessary to accompany the safe and effective administration of these psychoactive chemicals.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-02-04", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.7759/cureus.21944", "pubmed_id": "35273885", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21944", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35273885\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1832, "title": "Evaluating the Potential Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics in Autism Spectrum Disorder.", "normalized_title": "evaluating the potential use of serotonergic psychedelics in autism spectrum disorder", "authors": "Markopoulos A, Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G.", "abstract": "Recent clinical and preclinical evidence points towards empathogenic and prosocial effects elicited by psychedelic compounds, notably the serotonin 5-HT2A agonists lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and their derivatives. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds for some of the behavioural traits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by atypical social behaviour. In this review, we highlight evidence suggesting that psychedelics may potentially ameliorate some of the behavioural atypicalities of ASD, including reduced social behaviour and highly co-occurring anxiety and depression. Next, we discuss dysregulated neurobiological systems in ASD and how they may underlie or potentially limit the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. These phenomena include: 1) synaptic function, 2) serotonergic signaling, 3) prefrontal cortex activity, and 4) thalamocortical signaling. Lastly, we discuss clinical studies from the 1960s and 70s that assessed the use of psychedelics in the treatment of children with ASD. We highlight the positive behavioural outcomes of these studies, including enhanced mood and social behaviour, as well as the adverse effects of these trials, including increases in aggressive behaviour and dissociative and psychotic states. Despite preliminary evidence, further studies are needed to determine whether the benefits of psychedelic treatment in ASD outweigh the risks associated with the use of these compounds in this population, and if the 5-HT2A receptor may represent a target for social-behavioural disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2022-01-26", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2021.749068", "pubmed_id": "35177979", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.749068", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35177979\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1831, "title": "Structure-based discovery of nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analogs.", "normalized_title": "structure based discovery of nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analogs", "authors": "Cao D, Yu J, Wang H, Luo Z, Liu X, He L, Qi J, Fan L, Tang L, Chen Z, Li J, Cheng J, Wang S.", "abstract": "Drugs that target the human serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) are used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases; however, many have hallucinogenic effects, hampering their use. Here, we present structures of 5-HT2AR complexed with the psychedelic drugs psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin) and d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), as well as the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin and the nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analog lisuride. Serotonin and psilocin display a second binding mode in addition to the canonical mode, which enabled the design of the psychedelic IHCH-7113 (a substructure of antipsychotic lumateperone) and several 5-HT2AR β-arrestin-biased agonists that displayed antidepressant-like activity in mice but without hallucinogenic effects. The 5-HT2AR complex structures presented herein and the resulting insights provide a solid foundation for the structure-based design of safe and effective nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analogs with therapeutic effects.", "journal": "Science", "publication_date": "2022-01-26", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1126/science.abl8615", "pubmed_id": "35084960", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl8615", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Mice, Hallucinations, Serotonin, Lisuride, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Arrestin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Ligands, Crystallography, X-Ray, Signal Transduction, Binding Sites, Protein Conformation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, Psilocybin, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35084960\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4210474529\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":305,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1992388910\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994495174\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997340548\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017162980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028308920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036251618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046614626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051639699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066482395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073617012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074491668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114650590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133402952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135190897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136909852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147874841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2180229411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581696375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2785023044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786822500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802749931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898434904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911542458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979144408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982809992\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022812876\",\"https://openalex.org/W3086773311\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126980149\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127467109\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137816310\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3157088173\",\"https://openalex.org/W3163918973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248872320\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011559531\",\"display_name\":\"Dongmei Cao\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-8777\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050578211\",\"display_name\":\"Jing Yu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-4512\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5100332004\",\"display_name\":\"Huan Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-9552\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074373639\",\"display_name\":\"Zhipu Luo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-0754\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014706996\",\"display_name\":\"Xinyu Liu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6872-7463\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003615234\",\"display_name\":\"Licong He\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-386X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005167510\",\"display_name\":\"Jianzhong Qi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-5395\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052595595\",\"display_name\":\"Luyu Fan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0133-2379\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112910328\",\"display_name\":\"Lingjie Tang\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062706692\",\"display_name\":\"Zhangcheng Chen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-2769\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108563663\",\"display_name\":\"Jinsong Li\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-662X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038759638\",\"display_name\":\"Jianjun Cheng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-2682\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078629975\",\"display_name\":\"Sheng Wang\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-8844\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S3880285\",\"source_display_name\":\"Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl8615\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4210474529" }, { "id": 4992, "title": "Psychedelics hold promise for primary care research", "normalized_title": "psychedelics hold promise for primary care research", "authors": "James Bailey Sanford", "abstract": "Dear Editor, We are in the midst of a so-called “psychedelic renaissance,” a time of renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of psychoactive drugs such as psilocybin, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide. When they first emerged as topics of academic interest in the mid-20th century, these substances were greeted with exuberance for their apparent panacea-like effects in treating a range of conditions from depression and anxiety to post-traumatic stress disorder to existential grief in terminal cancer patients. Despite their promise, these compounds became associated with the counterculture movement in the public imagination and research was suppressed by political forces aligned with the so-called “War on Drugs.” It seems, however, that we have reached a watershed moment as psychedelic research has reemerged and even become mainstream, reaching the front page of the New York Times in May of this year.1 Already, psilocybin has been granted “Breakthrough Therapy” status by the...", "journal": "Family Practice", "publication_date": "2022-01-23", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1093/fampra/cmac009", "pubmed_id": "35137025", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmac009", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Counterculture, Medicine, Panacea (medicine), Mescaline, Grief, Lysergic acid diethylamide, The Renaissance, Anxiety, Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Alternative medicine, Psychology, Law, Internal medicine, Art history, Political science, Pathology, Art, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4207062049\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4207062049\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887140173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913229070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945531322\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015902292\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135005144\",\"https://openalex.org/W3180018060\",\"https://openalex.org/W3204230901\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072467828\",\"display_name\":\"James Bailey Sanford\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-3145\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S52165136\",\"source_display_name\":\"Family Practice\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmac009\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4207062049" }, { "id": 1833, "title": "Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation.", "normalized_title": "human cortical serotonin 2a receptor occupancy by psilocybin measured using 11c mdl100 907 dynamic pet and a resting state fmri based brain parcellation", "authors": "Barrett FS, Zhou Y, Carbonaro TM, Roberts JM, Smith GS, Griffiths RR, Wong DF.", "abstract": "Psilocybin (a serotonin 2A, or 5-HT2A, receptor agonist) has shown preliminary efficacy as a treatment for mood and substance use disorders. The current report utilized positron emission tomography (PET) with the selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist radioligand [11C]MDL100,907 (a.k.a. M100,907) and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) derived from resting-state functional connectivity-based brain parcellations in 4 healthy volunteers (2 females) to determine regional occupancy/target engagement of 5-HT2A receptors after oral administration of a psychoactive dose of psilocybin (10 mg/70 kg). Average 5-HT2A receptor occupancy across all ROIs was 39.5% (± 10.9% SD). Three of the ROIs with greatest occupancy (between 63.12 and 74.72% occupancy) were within the default mode network (subgenual anterior cingulate and bilateral angular gyri). However, marked individual variability in regional occupancy was observed across individuals. These data support further investigation of the relationship between individual differences in the acute and enduring effects of psilocybin and the degree of regional 5-HT2A receptor occupancy.", "journal": "Frontiers in Neuroergonomics", "publication_date": "2022-01-19", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fnrgo.2021.784576", "pubmed_id": "38235248", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.784576", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"38235248\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4206591786\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1538842286\",\"https://openalex.org/W1573881046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1822227732\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981862550\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982408943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982522250\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984345885\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003090874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019400297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021986306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027461536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030902100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044492513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075468186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076563125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079266000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087877032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112278807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112596612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119078954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122457251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137454840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337964085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342939947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735928575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760207472\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761856500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3213458191\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230920194\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638496121\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022422213\",\"display_name\":\"Yun Zhou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-0275\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109118233\",\"display_name\":\"Joshua Roberts\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2533-2617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007203242\",\"display_name\":\"Gwenn S. Smith\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-5440\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000122559\",\"display_name\":\"Dean F. Wong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-8367\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210224930\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.784576\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4206591786" }, { "id": 1835, "title": "In Silico Studies on Psilocybin Drug Derivatives Against SARS-CoV-2 and Cytokine Storm of Human Interleukin-6 Receptor.", "normalized_title": "in silico studies on psilocybin drug derivatives against sars cov 2 and cytokine storm of human interleukin 6 receptor", "authors": "Khan FI, Hassan F, Lai D.", "abstract": "Various metabolites identified with therapeutic mushrooms have been found from different sources and are known to have antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Over thousands soil growth-based mushroom metabolites have been discovered, and utilized worldwide to combat malignancy. In this study, psilocybin-mushroom that contains the psychedelic compounds such as psilacetin, psilocin, and psilocybine were screened and found to be inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mprotease. It has been found that psilacetin, psilocin, and psilocybine bind to Mprotease with -6.0, -5.4, and -5.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, the psilacetin was found to inhibit human interleukin-6 receptors to reduce cytokine storm. The binding of psilacetin to Mprotease of SARS-CoV-2 and human interleukin-6 receptors changes the structural dynamics and Gibbs free energy patterns of proteins. These results suggested that psilocybin-mushroom could be utilized as viable potential chemotherapeutic agents for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Frontiers in Immunology", "publication_date": "2022-01-13", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2021.794780", "pubmed_id": "35095870", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.794780", "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-6, Antiviral Agents, Virus Replication, Psilocybin, Cytokine Release Syndrome, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35095870\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4206807456\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4206807456\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":33,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1981737096\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985756407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046153984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112147913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112902095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115555188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131262274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134967712\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160011624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160310346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162496804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166867592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171268876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2208895751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2255243349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513547424\",\"https://openalex.org/W2593436234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612060048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801026274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983315635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990518611\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001118548\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001456238\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001897055\",\"https://openalex.org/W3003217347\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008874180\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009314935\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009584389\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009678818\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009912996\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016955027\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034841621\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034880338\",\"https://openalex.org/W3037021404\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047142698\",\"https://openalex.org/W3054886531\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083436623\",\"https://openalex.org/W3132144023\",\"https://openalex.org/W3178886823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3183628866\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196362189\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196993476\",\"https://openalex.org/W3212019561\",\"https://openalex.org/W4200395175\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080088110\",\"display_name\":\"Faez Iqbal Khan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-0723\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059272664\",\"display_name\":\"Fakhrul Hassan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-9888\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065376533\",\"display_name\":\"Dakun Lai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-1721\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2595292759\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Immunology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.794780\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4206807456" }, { "id": 1847, "title": "The effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants: Results from a phase 1, randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation.", "normalized_title": "the effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants results from a phase 1 randomised placebo controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation", "authors": "Rucker JJ, Marwood L, Ajantaival RJ, Bird C, Eriksson H, Harrison J, Lennard-Jones M, Mistry S, Saldarini F, Stansfield S, Tai SJ, Williams S, Weston N, Malievskaia E, Young AH.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin, a psychoactive serotonin receptor partial agonist, has been reported to acutely reduce clinical symptoms of depressive disorders. Psilocybin's effects on cognitive function have not been widely or systematically studied.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the safety of simultaneous administration of psilocybin to healthy participants in the largest randomised controlled trial of psilocybin to date. Primary and secondary endpoints assessed the short- and longer-term change in cognitive functioning, as assessed by a Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Panel, and emotional processing scales. Safety was assessed via endpoints which included cognitive function, assessed by CANTAB global composite score, and treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) monitoring.MethodsIn this phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy participants (n = 89; mean age 36.1 years; 41 females, 48 males) were randomised to receive a single oral dose of 10 or 25 mg psilocybin, or placebo, administered simultaneously to up to six participants, with one-to-one psychological support - each participant having an assigned, dedicated therapist available throughout the session.ResultsIn total, 511 TEAEs were reported, with a median duration of 1.0 day; 67% of all TEAEs started and resolved on the day of administration. There were no serious TEAEs, and none led to study withdrawal. There were no clinically relevant between-group differences in CANTAB global composite score, CANTAB cognitive domain scores, or emotional processing scale scores.ConclusionsThese results indicate that 10 mg and 25 mg doses of psilocybin were generally well tolerated when given to up to six participants simultaneously and did not have any detrimental short- or long-term effects on cognitive functioning or emotional processing.Clinical trial registrationEudraCT (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/) number: 2018-000978-30.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2022-01-03", "publication_year": 2022, "doi": "10.1177/02698811211064720", "pubmed_id": "35090363", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211064720", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35090363\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080462431\",\"display_name\":\"Lindsey Marwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-2199\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075703225\",\"display_name\":\"Riikka-Liisa Johanna Ajantaival\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033191459\",\"display_name\":\"Catherine Bird\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-6931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103127258\",\"display_name\":\"Hans Eriksson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-289X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055702421\",\"display_name\":\"John Harrison\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-4923\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033335673\",\"display_name\":\"Molly Lennard-Jones\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108850316\",\"display_name\":\"Sunil Mistry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068780630\",\"display_name\":\"Francesco Saldarini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-3898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019711791\",\"display_name\":\"S. C. Stansfield\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003939496\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Tai\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5796\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111726730\",\"display_name\":\"Sam Williams\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031507161\",\"display_name\":\"N. Weston\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-7884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021278348\",\"display_name\":\"Ekaterina Malievskaia\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058414502\",\"display_name\":\"Allan H. Young\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-6952\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211064720\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Healthy Volunteers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4205906672" }, { "id": 5024, "title": "Acute psilocybin and ketanserin effects on cerebral blood flow: 5-HT2AR neuromodulatory effects in healthy humans", "normalized_title": "acute psilocybin and ketanserin effects on cerebral blood flow 5 ht2ar neuromodulatory effects in healthy humans", "authors": "Klaus Richter Larsen, Drummond E-Wen McCulloch, Brice Ozenne, Ulrich Lindberg, Sophia Armand, M. Madsen, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100335", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100335", "keywords": "Ketanserin, Cerebral blood flow, Psilocybin, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Blood flow, Anesthesia, Neuroscience, Psychology, Cardiology, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313201140\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313201140\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029326001\",\"display_name\":\"Klaus Richter Larsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-3454\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064300685\",\"display_name\":\"Drummond E-Wen McCulloch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-5224\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022260648\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrich Lindberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-6354\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086179765\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Armand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100335\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313201140" }, { "id": 5023, "title": "Neurochemical properties of psilocybin in comparison to ketamine in vivo", "normalized_title": "neurochemical properties of psilocybin in comparison to ketamine in vivo", "authors": "A. Wojtas, A. Bysiek, Z. Szych, M. Herian, K. Gołembiowska", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100408", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100408", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neurochemical, Ketamine, In vivo, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Biology, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Treatment of Major Depression, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313201121\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313201121\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012206995\",\"display_name\":\"A. Wojtas\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065633559\",\"display_name\":\"A. Bysiek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085358436\",\"display_name\":\"Z. Szych\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075525050\",\"display_name\":\"M. Herian\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049363185\",\"display_name\":\"K. Gołembiowska\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100408\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313201121" }, { "id": 5020, "title": "Neurochemical and behavioural characterisation of the psychedelic 5HT2AR agonist psilocybin in mice", "normalized_title": "neurochemical and behavioural characterisation of the psychedelic 5ht2ar agonist psilocybin in mice", "authors": "Ines Erkizia-Santamaría, R. Alles-Pascual, Igor Horrillo, Albert Adell, J. Javier Meana, J.E. Ortega", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuroscience Applied", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100407", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100407", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neurochemical, Hallucinogen, Agonist, Psychology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313200261\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313200261\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064629089\",\"display_name\":\"Ines Erkizia-Santamaría\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-4571\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007763947\",\"display_name\":\"R. Alles-Pascual\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028869928\",\"display_name\":\"Igor Horrillo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5884\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045533329\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Adell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-4931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024198476\",\"display_name\":\"J. Javier Meana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-6714\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5105369889\",\"display_name\":\"J.E. Ortega\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210236820\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience Applied\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100407\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313200261" }, { "id": 5016, "title": "Investigation of the neural network responsible for antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics", "normalized_title": "investigation of the neural network responsible for antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Daisuke Ibi", "abstract": "Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, the psychoactive substance found in the magic mushroom, have hallucinatory effect through stimulation of the cortical serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A). Recently, FDA has called psilocybin a 'breakthrough therapy' for severe depression. We have already demonstrated that 5-HT2A in the lateral septum (LS) plays a responsible role in antidepressant-like effect of psilocin, an active metabolite of psilocybin, whereas hallucinatory effect of psilocin was attributed to 5-HT2A stimulation in the visual cortex (V1) in mice. Here, we investigated the neural network responsible for antidepressant effect of psilocin. The histological study with anterograde and retrograde transports of adeno-associated viruses showed that 5-HT2A in LS abundantly expressed in GABAergic neurons, which projects to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM) in mice. Therefore, we investigated the functional role of 5-HT2A-positive LS-DM pathway in antidepressant effect by optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches. Selective inhibition of 5-HT2A-positive LS-DM pathway eliminated the antidepressant-like effect of psilocin in mice in forced-swim test as well as social defeat stress test. On the other hand, activation of the LS-DM pathway induced antidepressant-like effect in mice. Lastly, microinjection of bicuculline, an antagonist of GABAA receptor, into the DM diminished such effect of psilocin in mice. These suggest that 5-HT2A-positive LS-DM GABAergic network contributes to antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics.", "journal": "Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1254/jpssuppl.96.0_4-b-s43-2", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.96.0_4-b-s43-2", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Antidepressant, Pharmacology, Psilocybin, Chemistry, Stimulation, Neuroscience, Serotonin, GABAergic, Bicuculline, GABAA receptor, Psychology, Receptor, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Biochemistry, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313199284\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313199284\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023373285\",\"display_name\":\"Daisuke Ibi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239061\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.96.0_4-b-s43-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313199284" }, { "id": 5015, "title": "SPECIAL ISSUE: Do Biofeedback, Neurofeedback, and Neuromeditation Have a Role in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies?", "normalized_title": "special issue do biofeedback neurofeedback and neuromeditation have a role in psychedelic assisted therapies", "authors": "Jeff Tarrant", "abstract": "“Are magic mushrooms the miracle cure for depression we've been looking for?” (Khan, 2021). Attention-grabbing headlines such as this are becoming increasingly common and suggest that psychedelic medicines are some kind of magic bullet. This perception is increased by stories of people who had a single life-changing psychedelic experience that resulted in complete relief of their long-standing mental health concerns.To some degree, this enthusiasm is warranted, as early results indicate that the clinical use of psychedelics including psilocybin, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and ketamine can be effective for treatment-resistant depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), addictions, end-of-life anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (see Andersen et al., 2020). However, it is important to recognize that these benefits are attained within contexts that provide specialized preparation for the psychedelic experience, active support during, and structured integration sessions as follow-up. This process is often referred to as psychedelic assisted therapy (PAT), highlighting the role that nondrug interventions play in the healing process.Perhaps the most used and accepted model of PAT is that standardized by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (Mithoefer, 2017). With minor variations, this approach typically includes two to three nondrug 90-minute therapy sessions before the first psychedelic dose. Participants then receive two to three integration sessions with the same team of therapists (one male bodied, one female bodied) after their psychedelic session before repeating the process with one or two additional MDMA sessions (see Figure 1; Mithoefer et al., 2019).Although the psychedelic experience is only one piece of the psychedelic therapeutic approach, it is not clear how much and what type of nondrug therapeutic interventions are best suited to PAT (Reiff et al., 2020). A cursory examination reveals a wide range of wellness and therapy practices incorporated into the PAT process, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (Wolff et al., 2020), mindfulness (Dakwar et al., 2019), yoga, aromatherapy, and energy psychology (Dames et al., 2022).Recently, several authors have proposed models to understand the healing potential of psychedelics within the context of traditional mental health treatments (Carhart-Harris & Friston, 2019; Wolff et al., 2020). For example, Carhart-Harris and Friston (2019) advanced the REBUS model, suggesting that much of the therapeutic benefit of psychedelic therapies may be related to the relaxed beliefs that accompany psychedelic experiences. Essentially, the principal action of psychedelics is to temporarily shift neural patterns into a state of increased entropy, leading to a mental state in which previous beliefs about oneself or the world are held with less confidence, thus providing an opportunity for change. This neuroplasticity facilitates new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving (Carhart-Harris & Friston, 2019), making it an ideal tool to enhance and support other therapeutic interventions.Using this model, it becomes important to (1) prepare and support the brain/nervous system for the shift experienced during a psychedelic session and (2) take advantage of the increased flexibility created by the experience. Based on this understanding, there would seem to be a strong role for technology-based interventions in this process. In the remainder of this article, I will describe ways that biofeedback, neurofeedback (NFB), and neuromeditation may be used in both the preparation and integration phases of PAT.Specific psychological and emotional states including absorption, openness, acceptance, and surrender are associated with having positive psychedelic experiences. Negative psychedelic experiences are more common in persons who tend to be low in openness and surrender and/or high in preoccupation, apprehension, or confusion (Aday et al., 2021). Similarly, two recent studies have found that psychological flexibility, occurring as a result of a psychedelic experience, was a better predictor of treatment outcome than mystical experience (Davis et al., 2021) and, in fact, fully mediated the experience of a mystical state (Davis et al., 2020). These results, in combination with other studies (see DeBeer et al., 2018; Meyer et al., 2019) suggest that psychological flexibility and related constructs may be an important factor contributing to mental health in general and specifically in connection to the therapeutic benefit of psychedelics. Consequently, it is important to offer preparatory sessions with a trained guide to facilitate the desired states and minimize the undesired ones. This is referred to as establishing the set or mindset for the experience.The preparation phase of PATs can be used to assess a client for appropriateness/readiness, to clarify intentions, manage expectations, outline the process, and discuss any fears or concerns they might have about working with psychedelic medicines. In addition, a thorough intake interview, psychological questionnaires, and quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) assessment can provide important baseline information. Beyond the benefit of having markers to measure future success, this information can help guide further foundational work and integration. Similar to the approach used in many NFB practices, the data from the qEEG may provide information on clinically relevant patterns that can directly inform treatment. From this perspective, the therapeutic interventions become primary with the psychedelic experience, serving as a tool of neuroplasticity to facilitate and expedite the desired change.B., a 48-year-old man, came to our clinic seeking ketamine-assisted therapy for long-standing depression. He described significant symptoms of anhedonia, feeling stuck in life, and feeling hopeless about the world. B. also reported a history of anxiety and eating-disordered behaviors. His primary goal related to experiencing a range of emotions and feeling happier. He reported a history of trying various medications including Zoloft and Wellbutrin, participating in regular talk therapy, and engaging in Vipassana meditation, none of which has seemed to have had much of an impact.His baseline qEEG analyzed through qEEG Pro revealed high levels of slow-wave activity in the delta and theta ranges as well as frontal alpha (see Figure 2).It was suspected that this pattern may be related to chronic depression, particularly as there was no evidence of any cognitive performance concerns. This hypothesis helped form the treatment plan, which included NFB designed to inhibit delta and theta activity. After B.'s first ketamine session, he reported feeling some immediate relief of his depressive symptoms, which quickly returned. The results of his postketamine qEEG are presented below (see Figure 3).The reduction in midline delta and theta occurring in response to the ketamine session and subsequent reduction in depression appeared to support the NFB approach.Beyond orientation and assessment, the preparation sessions are also designed to establish trust and rapport with the facilitator; experiment with nonmedicine, nonordinary states of consciousness (e.g., breathwork, stroboscopic light, etc.); and introduce practices to enhance psychological/cognitive flexibility. Although this aspect of preparation is often given limited attention, we suggest that it is a critical element to the long-term success of many clients. This notion is gaining support and is clearly articulated in the extrapharmacologic model of PAT. This model emphasizes the importance of client traits and a prepsychedelic state in determining long-term outcomes of PATs (Carhart-Harris et al., 2018). Although there are a variety of techniques available to encourage psychological/cognitive flexibility, this seems an ideal place to incorporate technology-based interventions such as heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback and EEG neuromeditation.HRV is a measure of cardiac vagal tone that can be quantified through a spectral analysis of beat-to-beat changes in heart rate (Porges, 2007). The resultant values provide an indication of nervous system balance with direct implications for mental health. For example, low resting HRV has been associated with a variety of mental health concerns including anxiety (Friedman, 2007; Hofmann, et al., 2005), stress (Keeney, 2008; Sherlin et al., 2009), and PTSD (Tan et al., 2011; Zuker et al., 2009). Conversely, high resting HRV has been shown to predict self-regulatory strength and reduce negative emotions during acute stress (Khodik, 2013). In short, higher overall levels of HRV are associated with psychological resiliency, behavioral flexibility, and the ability to adapt to changing social demands (Beauchaine, 2001).HRV biofeedback provides a mechanism to allow individuals to directly regulate their nervous system through breath training (Khazan, 2013), feelings of appreciation (Edwards, 2015), or mindfulness practice (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014). In short, HRV biofeedback appears to be an effective tool for increasing self-regulation (Segerstrom & Nes, 2007) and self-awareness (Kim et al., 2015). In fact, HRV may be considered a marker of psychological flexibility. For example, a study by Geisler et al. (2013) found that young adults with higher resting-state HRV displayed more adaptive self-regulation. Subjects with higher HRV reported using more engagement strategies when coping with distress and less disengagement when regulating negative emotions. As psychological flexibility is an important aspect of successful psychedelic therapy, incorporating HRV biofeedback into the preparation phase of PAT would seem to be a natural fit.W. is a 76-year-old woman. She is a retired professor in the field of computer science. She sought PAT in conjunction with talk therapy and neuromeditation to address developmental trauma related to parental neglect she experienced as a child. Although W. demonstrated great insight into the dysfunctional patterns of her mother, her therapeutic process seemed limited to cognitive analysis. W. was aware of this, noting that she often feels disconnected from her body, has trouble being present with emotional discomfort, and uses her intellect to avoid the feelings connected to her insights. This therapist used a variety of technology-based and traditional therapeutic modalities to assist the client in learning to be present with, and tolerate, uncomfortable feelings. After two psychedelic experiences, W. reported feeling immediate relief of her anxiety and depression. However, in both cases, the symptoms returned. It was noted that W. had a tendency to talk throughout her psychedelic experiences, resisting prompts to “go inward.” As part of her integration/preparation work, we agreed to focus on increasing cognitive flexibility and openness to experience before she engaged in additional psychedelic sessions. As part of this approach, we began exploring her breathing patterns. It was noted that W. generally had a shallow breath, restricting the movement of her torso and, at times, holding her breath. As this was discussed in session, W. recognized that this tendency was connected to feelings of holding on to control and a general defensiveness. We began HRV biofeedback using Heartmath technology in the office. W. also bought a system for home use and practiced between sessions. W. initially resisted this training, finding it very challenging and frustrating. After adjusting the feedback screen to minimize information and coaching W. through a variety of techniques to slow and relax the breathing, it was discovered that her most successful approach involved visualizing ocean waves or a safe space. Essentially, by taking her mind off the task at hand, and shifting to something that was naturally nurturing, W. was able to have success with the biofeedback. With more success, W. was able to reduce the reliance on visualizations and engage more directly with the feedback. The psychological themes present in her approach to this task (e.g., control, efforting, perfectionism) became helpful in teaching W. skills to manage these tendencies. Three screen captures taken 1 week apart demonstrating her success are presented in Figure 4.The entropic brain hypothesis presents a model for understanding the range of human consciousness in relation to states of system entropy. Based on this model, states of consciousness represented by high levels of entropy become increasingly flexible and random. At the extreme, this state can represent high levels of disorder, such as might be seen in early psychosis. Low entropy implies highly ordered but inflexible cognition, as might be seen in a variety of mental health concerns including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addictions (Carhart-Harris et al., 2014). According to this model, psychedelics provide therapeutic value by introducing entropy into a rigid system, creating a relaxation of previously held beliefs (Carhart-Harris & Friston, 2019) and a potential opportunity for healing.Interestingly, recent work by Vivot et al. (2020) has demonstrated that consistent meditation practice can also result in increased entropy of brain activity. Consequently, it seems logical that meditative experience may be useful in preparing the nervous system for a PAT. In fact, preliminary evidence supports this idea. For example, experienced meditators who administered psilocybin during a meditation retreat reported higher levels of meditation depth, postretreat trait mindfulness, and psychosocial functioning at 4-month follow-up compared with a control group (Smigielski, 2019). Griffiths et al. (2018) administered psilocybin to healthy volunteers along with spiritual practice that included mindfulness meditation. When compared with an active placebo group, the spiritual practice group demonstrated greater improvements in positive mood and life satisfaction at 6-month follow-up.Unfortunately, meditation is not an easy skill to learn, particularly if you are not feeling mentally well. For example, in a study examining participation and attrition from a 4-week meditation class, it was found that 91% of the participants stopped meditating 1 month after training. In addition, pretest measures of self-esteem and psychosomatic symptoms predicted attrition (Rivers & Spanos, 1981). Combining meditation with NFB may provide a learning strategy helpful to those early meditators and/or persons looking for a secular, science-based approach. As stated by Prestel et al. (2019, p. 272), “A combination of meditation with which the of the activity of relevant brain more enhance the therapeutic of in who have in more by meditation In addition, meditation EEG may be suited to the preparation phase of PAT by to various states of an EEG neuromeditation approach that includes states of consciousness 2020). As preparation for a psychedelic experience, this type of work may be a In fact, meditation practices can be used to assist in the of of the mental openness, acceptance, and increasing the of a positive and psychedelic experience (Aday et al., 2021). A of the and the states of consciousness they encourage are presented is a woman. She our about psychedelic After a it was clear that was of using psychedelics but for relief from her We discussed a variety of state therapies that not the use of psychedelics but would allow her to nonordinary states of consciousness in a that was more using techniques such as breathwork, or EEG neuromeditation can to states but in a that more control, is and is less to to of She agreed that this seemed to be a and preparation for a more traditional psychedelic experience. in several sessions of therapy, which she found She described these sessions as that had a She reported feeling relaxed and we with EEG using a states that the EEG activity in with her session using this demonstrated a significant in both alpha and delta at for the first (see Figure the session, reported having what a psychedelic experience. She that she as if she very At times, she would slow the from and the of She that she as if she was part of part of described this session as an experience, to what she is after the session, reported feeling and After several of this type of work, that she not to work with psychedelics to her She to work with technology-based anxiety the psychedelic experience appears to a state of mental flexibility, new ways of and and our relation to the world. This can be an to shift patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving and to practice new patterns. In fact, the nervous system appears to be more during this Consequently, a of integration sessions with a trained guide is in the and the psychedelic experience. These sessions are designed to facilitate active and of the experience to help the client and NFB as well as neuromeditation can in this process in three referred to as EEG biofeedback, is a form of training that provides the with information about their activity in et al., 2014). NFB are generally designed to assist the nervous system in an ability to et al., or qEEG patterns are in the phase of they can be with NFB in the integration phase when there is more flexibility, increasing the of the discussed an EEG from This was with to at home several We created an NFB that involved theta and B. used this to week for to session for to receive ketamine is also to use NFB to encourage flexibility in the nervous system by and challenging patterns. It is generally accepted that neural flexibility and to be directly related to psychological flexibility & described as an ability to adapt and and on As discussed many mental health are by a of psychological flexibility, with by as to flexibility and 2019; & of the primary brain by both psychedelics and meditation the The and the between related to a wide range of including et al., and of self-awareness & psychedelic the between the and within that (Carhart-Harris et al., et al., 2019; et al., These changes have been to the experience of et al., and for reduction et al., & 2018). This to the functioning of the appears to be connected to the reduction of the alpha in of the such as the et al., has been demonstrated in NFB for in which the alpha is at during training, in symptoms, a of alpha activity in the and increased within both the and et al., 2014). and that alpha may provide a mechanism to a stuck nervous system, it to shift to increased also suggest that this approach may facilitate other therapeutic such as talk Similarly, with NFB have demonstrated increased EEG within the et al., relation to both focus and the states incorporate alpha in the thus these with a meditation is a woman. She our with an in integration that she in an and has as if she this experience. She that there was very preparation for the session and no follow-up from the group that she has experienced several significant in her life that during her psychedelic experience. She described feeling from the and has no ability to her emotions. In to teaching we agreed to an alpha NFB at in conjunction with a focus of meditation. initially found this to be very challenging as it was to shift her experiencing a variety of We the process by it to This to allow to some we able to shift to less engaging feedback. The combination of talk therapy, values and NFB to feeling her within NFB can be used to the brain to the state or This is a state of that after the immediate of the psychedelic have These can naturally several to several but may be or through NFB training. qEEG can important changes from the prepsychedelic which can then be for training. A more approach to the creating a of the state and then training this state using This is available using and the with has demonstrated in mindfulness and cognitive flexibility during the is a He is a having had psychedelic experiences with a wide variety of medicines. noted that he feels for to a psychedelic experience. After this, the feelings of and and are by his experience of our clinic specifically in exploring technology-based interventions to enhance the psychedelic experience or the positive He that he had a psychedelic experience and we agreed to a qEEG analysis. We a baseline EEG and then one after a experience. that he was in the phase at this we baseline EEG into a data set and compared it to the EEG after the psychedelic experience. The between was displayed in a in of for EEG in of (see Figure In this type of an is compared with any greater than are to be significant (see & 2020). When examining we on the of with strong EEG Based on this we created an with the session serving as the training data This and in the frontal and in the and and in the training with this was to with the positive feelings associated with his most recent psychedelic experience. only this training to enhance experience of the desired states but also to help of his experience, which is a process of psychedelic integration. As a also began exploring some of the his seeking of to best practices for therapies and as these become more it will be important to to the most and effective ways to a variety of therapeutic The of biofeedback, and neuromeditation to the preparation and integration phases of PATs is a recent to this process and is being incorporated into some therapy training (e.g., retreat (e.g., and (e.g., in in In addition, it is it be stated that the ideal PAT would incorporate technology-based interventions in to traditional of therapy, thus a approach to healing with is also important to recognize that this was not designed to be or offer for this but to an into the ways that technology-based interventions may offer a and to Although discussed in relation to the preparation or integration phases of it be clear that the interventions discussed have potential in both of PAT. In fact, given that models of PAT are to psychedelic sessions the of several the between preparation and integration are to", "journal": "Biofeedback", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.5298/1081-5937-50.03.03", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-50.03.03", "keywords": "Neurofeedback, Biofeedback, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313148936\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4313148936\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1661827253\",\"https://openalex.org/W1703146608\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982531737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020898763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033837921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047296335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082532558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120284474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144427015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146632184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154549730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163215199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163659027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163674463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163890131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170655061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2566775857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755844740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2758294951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774992561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888813440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2912561908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913480454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953529230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970056870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004583579\",\"https://openalex.org/W3006905788\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007835064\",\"https://openalex.org/W3013931927\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091638645\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096897894\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171675733\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206373727\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220996705\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234745383\",\"https://openalex.org/W6635995695\",\"https://openalex.org/W6656870731\",\"https://openalex.org/W6658993073\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682072283\",\"https://openalex.org/W6684011504\",\"https://openalex.org/W6754274073\",\"https://openalex.org/W6766611696\",\"https://openalex.org/W6773613375\",\"https://openalex.org/W6776068973\",\"https://openalex.org/W6803320604\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029070976\",\"display_name\":\"Jeff Tarrant\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210187413\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biofeedback\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-50.03.03\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Biomarkers,Aging,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Psychological Flexibility,Healthy Volunteers,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4313148936" }, { "id": 5008, "title": "Investigation of neuronal basis underlying antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics", "normalized_title": "investigation of neuronal basis underlying antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Daisuke Ibi", "abstract": "Recently, FDA approved psilocybin, the psychoactive substance found in the magic mushroom, as a \"breakthrough therapy\" for depression; however, its detailed mechanism remains unknown. Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin and LSD have hallucinatory effect through stimulation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A), motivating us to investigate the role of 5-HT2A stimulation in antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics as well as its neural basis in mice. We demonstrated that 5-HT2A agonists such as DOI and psilocin, an active metabolite of psilocybin, decreased immobility time in the forced-swim test (FST), which was absent in mice with knockdown of Htr2a (5-HT2A gene) in the lateral septum (LS) by AAV-delivered shRNA. Since 5-HT2A is a Gq-coupled GPCR, we next investigated the effect of Gq signaling activation in 5-HT2A-positive neurons in LS on emotional behaviors in mice, for which hM3Dq, a Gq-coupled designer receptor activated by CNO, was transfected into 5-HT2A-positive neurons in LS of Htr2a-cre mice by microinjection of cre-dependent AAV. Activation of the hM3Dq with CNO induced antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in mice. Further, we found that most of 5-HT2A-positive cells in LS were the GABAergic inhibitory neurons, suggesting that activation of 5-HT2A-positive GABAergic neurons in LS leads to antidepressant effect. In this symposium, I would like to introduce the role of 5-HT2A in LS in not only antidepressant effect but also hallucination of serotonergic psychedelics.", "journal": "Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1254/jpssuppl.95.0_3-s35-1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.95.0_3-s35-1", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Antidepressant, Serotonin, 5-HT receptor, Chemistry, Neuroscience, GABAergic, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Receptor, Medicine, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Hippocampus, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4225709710\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4225709710\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090467184\",\"display_name\":\"Daisuke Ibi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239061\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.95.0_3-s35-1\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4225709710" }, { "id": 5004, "title": "Psychedelic Agents as Potential Therapeutics for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder", "normalized_title": "psychedelic agents as potential therapeutics for obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Josh Nagra", "abstract": "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric anxiety disorder distinguished by obsessive thoughts and repetitious actions. Current therapies for OCD are not very effective and have many possible side-effects. Psychedelics are a class of Schedule I substances that are re-emerging as novel therapeutics for a variety of psychiatric conditions. These substances cause a variety of psychological and physical effects, most notably, hallucinations and out-of-body experiences. Serotonergic psychedelics may provide a novel mechanism for alleviation of OCD symptomology through anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and oxytocin, and downstream systemic neural changes. Clinical studies have demonstrated lasting remission and a decrease in symptom severity in patients suffering from OCD after three doses of psilocybin. While they may provide symptom relief, psychedelics have risks. These include cardiovascular complications, psychosis in predisposed patients, and Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. Psychedelic substances remain under tight control by the Federal government, creating a barrier for clinical research.", "journal": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doaj.org/article/7ce75968f7bc41c58d82163435d80b03", "keywords": "Obsessive compulsive, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390649922\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4390649922\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093666892\",\"display_name\":\"Josh Nagra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3746-0240\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306401280\",\"source_display_name\":\"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doaj.org/article/7ce75968f7bc41c58d82163435d80b03\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390649922" }, { "id": 1861, "title": "Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as novel therapeutics in alzheimer s disease rationale and potential mechanisms", "authors": "Garcia-Romeu A, Darcy S, Jackson H, White T, Rosenberg P", "abstract": "Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HTR) agonist \"classic psychedelics\" are drawing increasing interest as potential mental health treatments. Recent work suggests psychedelics can exert persisting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects lasting up to several months after a single administration. Data indicate acute subjective drug effects as important psychological factors involved in observed therapeutic benefits. Additionally, animal models have shown an important role for 5-HTR agonists in modulating learning and memory function with relevance for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related dementias. A number of biological mechanisms of action are under investigation to elucidate 5-HTR agonists' therapeutic potential, including enhanced neuroplasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and alterations in brain functional connectivity. These diverse lines of research are reviewed here along with a discussion of AD pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric symptoms to highlight classic psychedelics as potential novel pharmacotherapies for patients with AD. Human clinical research suggests a possible role for high-dose psychedelic administration in symptomatic treatment of depressed mood and anxiety in early-stage AD. Preclinical data indicate a potential for low- or high-dose psychedelic treatment regimens to slow or reverse brain atrophy, enhance cognitive function, and slow progression of AD. In conclusion, rationale and potential approaches for preliminary research with psychedelics in patients with AD are presented, and ramifications of this line of investigation for development of novel AD treatments are discussed.", "journal": "Current topics in behavioral neurosciences", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2021_267", "pubmed_id": "34734390", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34734390/", "keywords": "Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, Hallucinogen, Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Psilocybin, Psychedelic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"34734390\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1842, "title": "Psychedelics and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Animal Models.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and anti inflammatory activity in animal models", "authors": "Flanagan TW, Nichols CD", "abstract": "The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 2A receptor is most well known as the common target for classic psychedelic compounds. Interestingly, the 5-HT receptor is the most widely expressed mammalian serotonin receptor and is found in nearly every examined tissue type including neural, endocrine, endothelial, immune, and muscle, suggesting it could be a novel and pharmacological target for several types of disorders. Despite this, the bulk of research on the 5-HT receptor is focused on its role in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, activation of 5-HT receptors has emerged as a new anti-inflammatory strategy. This review will describe recent findings regarding psychedelics as anti-inflammatory compounds, as well as parse out differences in functional selectivity and immune regulation that exist between a number of well-known hallucinogenic compounds.", "journal": "Current topics in behavioral neurosciences", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2022_367", "pubmed_id": "35546383", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35546383/", "keywords": "(R)-DOI, Anti-inflammatory, Asthma, Enhanced pause, IL-6, Psilocybin, Psychedellic, Whole-body plethysmography", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"35546383\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1841, "title": "Classic Psychedelics in Addiction Treatment: The Case for Psilocybin in Tobacco Smoking Cessation.", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics in addiction treatment the case for psilocybin in tobacco smoking cessation", "authors": "Johnson MW.", "abstract": "This manuscript reviews research suggesting that classic psychedelics (5-HT2A receptor agonists) are effective in treating addictions including tobacco use disorder. I review historical research from the 1950s to 1970s suggesting that classic psychedelics are associated with addiction recovery across pharmacologically distinct drugs of addiction. I then review anthropological reports about ceremonial use of classic psychedelics and epidemiological studies that are consistent with anti-addiction efficacy. I review modern research using psilocybin in the treatment of alcohol use disorder and tobacco use disorder. Both lines of research show high success rates in preliminary studies. General anti-addiction efficacy across a variety of classes of addictive drugs is consistent with the notion that the persisting positive behavior change prompted by psychedelic therapy is due to amplification of psychotherapeutic processes. Future research should examine classic psychedelic treatment of additional substance use disorders including for opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabis, and other disorders broadly characterized as addictions (e.g., obesity, problem gambling, hypersexual disorder). Future research should also explore addiction treatments with other classic psychedelics including LSD, mescaline, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and yet-to-be-discovered compounds. Experimental research is also needed to test different protocols for the delivery of classic psychedelic therapy for addictions. Given the staggering society costs of substance use disorders, including the mortality caused by tobacco smoking, it is critical that public funding be made available for scientists to follow up on promising early findings of classic psychedelics in addiction treatment. The costs and risks of not conducting such research are too great.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2022_327", "pubmed_id": "35704271", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2022_327", "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Tobacco Use Disorder, Hallucinogens, Smoking Cessation, Psilocybin, Nicotiana", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"35704271\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1732, "title": "Editorial: Psychedelic sociality: Pharmacological and extrapharmacological perspectives.", "normalized_title": "editorial psychedelic sociality pharmacological and extrapharmacological perspectives", "authors": "Roseman L, Preller KH, Fotiou E, Winkelman MJ", "abstract": "", "journal": "Frontiers in pharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2022.979764", "pubmed_id": "35935854", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35935854/", "keywords": "5-HT2A receptor, LSD, biopsychosocial, culture, interdisciplinary research, psilocybin, set and setting, social pharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"35935854\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1561, "title": "Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: What do we know about neurobiological mechanisms of action?", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics for depression what do we know about neurobiological mechanisms of action", "authors": "Husain MI, Ledwos N, Fellows E, Baer J, Rosenblat JD, Blumberger DM, Mulsant BH, Castle DJ", "abstract": "Current treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) have limited efficacy and are associated with adverse effects. Recent studies investigating the antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics-also known as classic psychedelics-have promising preliminary results with large effect sizes. In this context, we conducted a review of the putative neurobiological underpinnings of the mechanism of antidepressant action of these drugs. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed to identify published articles evaluating the antidepressant mechanism of action of serotonergic psychedelics. Serotonergic psychedelics have serotonin (5HT)2A agonist or partial agonist effects. Their rapid antidepressant effects may be mediated-in part-by their potent 5HT2A agonism, leading to rapid receptor downregulation. In addition, these psychedelics impact brain derived neurotrophic factor and immunomodulatory responses, both of which may play a role in their antidepressant effect. Several neuroimaging and neurophysiology studies evaluating mechanistic change from a network perspective can help us to further understand their mechanism of action. Some, but not all, data suggest that psychedelics may exert their effects, in part, by disrupting the activity of the default mode network, which is involved in both introspection and self-referential thinking and is over-active in MDD. The mechanisms of action underlying the antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics remains an active area of research. Several competing theories are being evaluated and more research is needed to determine which ones are supported by the most robust evidence.", "journal": "Frontiers in psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1076459", "pubmed_id": "36844032", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36844032/", "keywords": "LSD, ayahuasca, connectivity, depression, hallucinogen, neurobiology, psilocybin, psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:38", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"36844032\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5030, "title": "Announcement of two special issues: behavioural pharmacology of synaptopathies and psychedelic drugs", "normalized_title": "announcement of two special issues behavioural pharmacology of synaptopathies and psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Louk J. M. J. Vanderschuren, Paul Willner, Emily M. Jutkiewicz, Bart Ellenbroek", "abstract": "Synaptopathies (Fall, 2022) Synaptic neurotransmission lies at the heart of nervous system's functioning. Clearly then, alterations in synaptic signal transduction can lead to a variety of neural disorders. Perhaps the most widely known of these disorders include certain movement disorders and myasthenia gravis. More recent interest in synaptic dysfunction has focused on neurodevelopmental and mental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. As a result, studies on the role of synaptic dysfunction in mental disorders have also identified new leads for the treatment of these disorders. Psychedelic drugs (Spring, 2023) Recent years have seen a remarkable increase in research on psychedelic drugs. After the initial synthesis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in 1938 - probably the first synthesis of a novel psychedelic drug - these types of mood- and perception-altering drugs gained popularity in the 1960s, for both recreational and therapeutic use. Research and interest in psychedelics waned in the 1970s when these drugs became illicit. Ever since the turn of the century though, observations that certain psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, ketamine, MDMA and psilocybin, may have unique therapeutic properties in mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders have spurred renewed interest. In recent years, more rigorously designed clinical trials are being pursued, in addition to an increased focus on the neural mechanism of action of psychedelic drugs. To highlight the diversity and innovation in these research fields, the next two special issues of Behavioural Pharmacology will be devoted to Synaptopathies (to appear towards the end of 2022) and Psychedelic Drugs (to appear early in 2023). We, therefore, invite scientists in the fields of behavioural pharmacology, experimental psychology, behavioural neuroscience and psychiatry, with an active interest in either synaptopathies or psychedelics, to submit reports of original, unpublished empirical studies, for inclusion in the Special Issue. Review papers are particularly welcome, but as the Special Issue may include a number of invited reviews, these should be discussed with the Editors at an early stage to avoid duplication. The Editors welcome correspondence from potential authors; so, if you are planning to prepare a paper for submission, do please let us know. Also, please ask one of the Editors if you are uncertain whether a report of your research would be suitable for inclusion. All papers should be submitted online at www.editorialmanager.com/bpharm. Contributors are urged to submit as early as possible and should in any case aim to do so before the end of May 2022 (Synaptopathies) or July 2022 (Psychedelics). Later submissions might be accepted, but the later your submission is received, the higher the likelihood that it may miss the publication deadline. We guarantee, however, that any submission that meets quality standards but is accepted too late for inclusion in the Special Issue will be published as soon as possible thereafter.", "journal": "Behavioural Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-12-12", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1097/fbp.0000000000000662", "pubmed_id": "35007231", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000662", "keywords": "Anxiety, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Mood disorders, Medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200050959\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200050959\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035338529\",\"display_name\":\"Louk J. M. J. Vanderschuren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-0363\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061886376\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Willner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-5260\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026271727\",\"display_name\":\"Emily M. Jutkiewicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-1684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090891106\",\"display_name\":\"Bart Ellenbroek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-4873\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9181514\",\"source_display_name\":\"Behavioural Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000662\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4200050959" }, { "id": 5038, "title": "P.0353 Study protocol: psilocybin as a treatment for anorexia nervosa: a pilot study", "normalized_title": "p 0353 study protocol psilocybin as a treatment for anorexia nervosa a pilot study", "authors": "Hannah Douglass, Meg J. Spriggs, R.J. Park, Tim Read, Jennifer L. Danby, Frederico José Coelho de Magalhães, Kirsty L. Alderton, Adèle Lafrance, Dasha Nicholls, David Erritzøe, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-11-30", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.335", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.335", "keywords": "Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, QAM, Bit error rate, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Electronic engineering, Transmission (telecommunications), Computer science, Forward error correction, Fading, Low-density parity-check code, Modulation (music), Algorithm, Telecommunications, Physics, Decoding methods, Engineering, Channel (broadcasting), Acoustics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200393290\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200393290\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753989225\",\"https://openalex.org/W3083797211\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031966441\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah Douglass\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-385X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025030452\",\"display_name\":\"Meg J. Spriggs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-1586\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109802937\",\"display_name\":\"R.J. Park\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083068952\",\"display_name\":\"Tim Read\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-4848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046578118\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer L. Danby\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112142761\",\"display_name\":\"Frederico José Coelho de Magalhães\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008058826\",\"display_name\":\"Kirsty L. Alderton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035542356\",\"display_name\":\"Adèle Lafrance\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-7786\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030053635\",\"display_name\":\"Dasha Nicholls\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-6605\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.335\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4200393290" }, { "id": 5034, "title": "P.0623 The clinical relevance of the pharmacokinetics of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "p 0623 the clinical relevance of the pharmacokinetics of psilocybin", "authors": "A. Andreiev, E. Bucuci, James Chue, Charl Els, Pierre Chue", "abstract": "Nicotine dependence is a reversible risk factor of numerous oral cavity diseases. Dentist should be non-smoking and have knowledge on diagnosis and treatment of nicotine addiction.The aim of this survey is the assessment of prevalence of nicotine dependence among Polish dentists, factors associated with this addiction and knowledge on minimal anti-nicotine intervention acquired during pre- and post-graduate training.From October 2013 to March 2014 during 5 dental conferences dental practitioners (881 persons) were given anonymous proprietary questionnaires on nicotine use. 544 questionnaires were qualified for analysis, response rate 61.7%.Group of active nicotine users consisted of 72 persons (13.2% of respondents). The average duration of smoking was 20 years and number of cigarettes smoked daily was 15. Median level of nicotine dependence score 5 and predominance of scores in the range of 4-6 on Fagerström test indicate that most frequent was moderate dependence. As many as 44.4% of dentists in this group had no attempts to quit the addiction. Non-smokers prevailed among women, pedodontists and younger practitioners. Active nicotine users prevailed in dentists above 44 years of age, male, dental surgeons and maxillofacial surgeons. Up to 397 (73%) respondents declared they were never acquainted with the basis for minimal anti-nicotine intervention.The prevalence of nicotine addiction among Polish dentists is lower by 10% compared to the general population, although in relation to current foreign studies its the average level. Main factors associated with active nicotine use in this occupational group include male gender, increasing age and surgical dental specialties. It should be intended to reduce number of nicotine users among Polish dentists by 5%. For this purpose professional anti-nicotine knowledge should be disseminated more.", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-11-30", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.588", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.588", "keywords": "Nicotine, Addiction, Medicine, Nicotine dependence, Intervention (counseling), Population, Smoking cessation, Nicotine Addiction, Statistical significance, Dentistry, Psychiatry, Environmental health, Internal medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200545220\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200545220\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011301440\",\"display_name\":\"A. Andreiev\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027930147\",\"display_name\":\"E. Bucuci\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033757501\",\"display_name\":\"James Chue\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003495786\",\"display_name\":\"Charl Els\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1177-2984\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061983678\",\"display_name\":\"Pierre Chue\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-415X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.588\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4200545220" }, { "id": 5033, "title": "P.0885 The effect of psilocybin therapy for depression on low-frequency brain activity in response to music", "normalized_title": "p 0885 the effect of psilocybin therapy for depression on low frequency brain activity in response to music", "authors": "Matthew B. Wall, Cynthia Lam, Natalie Ertl, Mendel Kaelen, Leor Roseman, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-11-30", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.741", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.741", "keywords": "Glucocorticoid receptor, Endocrinology, Glucocorticoid, Internal medicine, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Mineralocorticoid, Receptor, In vivo, Gene expression, Corticosterone, Medicine, Psychology, Chemistry, Biology, Gene, Hormone, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:58", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200025628\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4200025628\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890356717\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060868416\",\"display_name\":\"Cynthia Lam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-7411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004040027\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Ertl\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-1870\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.741\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4200025628" }, { "id": 1881, "title": "Interaction Profiles of Central Nervous System Active Drugs at Human Organic Cation Transporters 1-3 and Human Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter.", "normalized_title": "interaction profiles of central nervous system active drugs at human organic cation transporters 1 3 and human plasma membrane monoamine transporter", "authors": "Angenoorth TJF, Stankovic S, Niello M, Holy M, Brandt SD, Sitte HH, Maier J", "abstract": "Many psychoactive compounds have been shown to primarily interact with high-affinity and low-capacity solute carrier 6 (SLC6) monoamine transporters for norepinephrine (NET; norepinephrine transporter), dopamine (DAT; dopamine transporter) and serotonin (SERT; serotonin transporter). Previous studies indicate an overlap between the inhibitory capacities of substances at SLC6 and SLC22 human organic cation transporters (SLC22A1-3; hOCT1-3) and the human plasma membrane monoamine transporter (SLC29A4; hPMAT), which can be classified as high-capacity, low-affinity monoamine transporters. However, interactions between central nervous system active substances, the OCTs, and the functionally-related PMAT have largely been understudied. Herein, we report data from 17 psychoactive substances interacting with the SLC6 monoamine transporters, concerning their potential to interact with the human OCT isoforms and hPMAT by utilizing radiotracer-based in vitro uptake inhibition assays at stably expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) cells. Many compounds inhibit substrate uptake by hOCT1 and hOCT2 in the low micromolar range, whereas only a few substances interact with hOCT3 and hPMAT. Interestingly, methylphenidate and ketamine selectively interact with hOCT1 or hOCT2, respectively. Additionally, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a potent inhibitor of hOCT1 and 2 and hPMAT. Enantiospecific differences of R- and S-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (R- and S-α-PVP) and R- and S-citalopram and the effects of aromatic substituents are explored. Our results highlight the significance of investigating drug interactions with hOCTs and hPMAT, due to their role in regulating monoamine concentrations and xenobiotic clearance.", "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences", "publication_date": "2021-11-29", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijms222312995", "pubmed_id": "34884800", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34884800/", "keywords": "O-desmethyltramadol, bupropion, cocaine, d-amphetamine, diazepam, escitalopram, ketamine, modafinil, psilocybin, tramadol", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"34884800\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1882, "title": "Psilocybin, a Naturally Occurring Indoleamine Compound, Could Be Useful to Prevent Suicidal Behaviors.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin a naturally occurring indoleamine compound could be useful to prevent suicidal behaviors", "authors": "Strumila R, Nobile B, Korsakova L, Lengvenyte A, Olie E, Lopez-Castroman J, Guillaume S, Courtet P.", "abstract": "The available interventions for people who are at risk of suicide have limited efficacy. Recently, research on new mental health treatments has started to consider psychedelic compounds, particularly psilocybin, a molecule with a few thousand years of history of use in human societies. The possible effects of psilocybin on suicidal ideation and behaviors have not been specifically studied yet; however, the current knowledge on the suicidal process and the available data on es/ketamine suggest that psylocibin could be used to modulate the thoughts and behavioral patterns in individuals who are at risk of suicidal behaviors. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the possible mechanisms underlying psilocybin positive effects on suicide risk. Major pathways related to suicidal behaviors that might be modulated by psylocibin include serotonin receptors. Specifically, psylocibin directly stimulates the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A), targeting the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways and leading to a rapid increase in brain plasticity and inflammation suppression and increases in cognitive flexibility, spirituality, and empathy. We also present preliminary epidemiological data and provide a rationale for studying psilocybin in individuals with suicidal ideation or who are at risk of suicidal behaviors. This review presents a framework to understand the basis for psilocybin use in individuals who are at risk of suicidal behaviors and calls for clinical studies.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-11-23", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ph14121213", "pubmed_id": "34959614", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121213", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34959614\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Oxidative Stress,Spirituality,Review Article,Safety,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1858, "title": "Molecular Mechanisms of Psilocybin and Implications for the Treatment of Depression.", "normalized_title": "molecular mechanisms of psilocybin and implications for the treatment of depression", "authors": "Ling S, Ceban F, Lui LMW, Lee Y, Teopiz KM, Rodrigues NB, Lipsitz O, Gill H, Subramaniapillai M, Mansur RB, Lin K, Ho R, Rosenblat JD, Castle D, McIntyre RS.", "abstract": "Therapeutic deficiencies with monoaminergic antidepressants invites the need to identify and develop novel rapid-acting antidepressants. Hitherto, ketamine and esketamine are identified as safe, well-tolerated rapid-acting antidepressants in adults with treatment-resistant depression, and also mitigate measures of suicidality. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid and non-selective agonist at many serotonin receptors, especially at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, and is found in the Psilocybe genus of mushrooms. Preliminary studies with psilocybin have shown therapeutic promise across diverse populations including major depressive disorder. The pharmacodynamic mechanisms mediating the antidepressant and psychedelic effects of psilocybin are currently unknown but are thought to involve the modulation of the serotonergic system, primarily through agonism at the 5-HT2A receptors and downstream changes in gene expression. It is also established that indirect effects on dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems are contributory, as well as effects at other lower affinity targets. Along with the direct effects on neurochemical systems, psilocybin alters neural circuitry and key brain regions previously implicated in depression, including the default mode network and amygdala. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current understanding of the receptor pharmacology and neuronal mechanisms underlying the psychedelic and putative antidepressant properties of psilocybin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-11-16", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s40263-021-00877-y", "pubmed_id": "34791625", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-021-00877-y", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34791625\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1818, "title": "[Rapid-acting antidepressants-neurobiological mechanisms of action].", "normalized_title": "rapid acting antidepressants neurobiological mechanisms of action", "authors": "Gass P, Vasilescu AN, Inta D.", "abstract": "Rapid-acting antidepressants disprove the dogma that antidepressants need several weeks to become clinically effective. Ketamine, the prototype of a rapid-acting antidepressant, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocking agent. A single i.v. application of ketamine induces rapid changes in glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems, leading to preferential activation of glutamatergic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. This evokes the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), causing plastic changes in the central nervous system within 24 h. In the prefrontal cortex ketamine leads to a regeneration of synaptic contacts, which have been damaged by chronic stress. This regeneration correlates with improvement of depression-like behavioral changes in rodent models. Classical monoaminergic antidepressants can cause similar changes but with considerably longer latency periods. For clinical application a nasal spray of esketamine has been developed, since this enantiomer has the highest affinity for NMDA receptors; however, since R-ketamine and certain ketamine metabolites also have antidepressant effects in preclinical models, these are currently being tested in clinical studies. Moreover, there are many other glutamatergic substances under clinical investigation for antidepressant effects without ketamine-like adverse effects. In addition, there are also several promising rapid-acting antidepressants that do not primarily act via the glutamate system, such as the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor modulator brexanolone or the serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-11-10", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s00115-021-01225-7", "pubmed_id": "34766186", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-021-01225-7", "keywords": "Central Nervous System, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Neurobiology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34766186\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1883, "title": "Psilocybin Induces Aberrant Prediction Error Processing of Tactile Mismatch Responses-A Simultaneous EEG-FMRI Study.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces aberrant prediction error processing of tactile mismatch responses a simultaneous eeg fmri study", "authors": "Duerler P, Brem S, Fraga-González G, Neef T, Allen M, Zeidman P, Stämpfli P, Vollenweider FX, Preller KH.", "abstract": "As source of sensory information, the body provides a sense of agency and self/non-self-discrimination. The integration of bodily states and sensory inputs with prior beliefs has been linked to the generation of bodily self-consciousness. The ability to detect surprising tactile stimuli is essential for the survival of an organism and for the formation of mental body representations. Despite the relevance for a variety of psychiatric disorders characterized by altered body and self-perception, the neurobiology of these processes is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of psilocybin (Psi), known to induce alterations in self-experience, on tactile mismatch responses by combining pharmacological manipulations with simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recording. Psi reduced activity in response to tactile surprising stimuli in frontal regions, the visual cortex, and the cerebellum. Furthermore, Psi reduced tactile mismatch negativity EEG responses at frontal electrodes, associated with alterations of body- and self-experience. This study provides first evidence that Psi alters the integration of tactile sensory inputs through aberrant prediction error processing and highlights the importance of the 5-HT2A system in tactile deviancy processing as well as in the integration of bodily and self-related stimuli. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant bodily self-awareness.", "journal": "Cerebral Cortex", "publication_date": "2021-10-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhab202", "pubmed_id": "34255821", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab202", "keywords": "Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electroencephalography, Body Image, Touch, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34255821\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Duerler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3234\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031335329\",\"display_name\":\"Silvia Brem\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-1305\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022882073\",\"display_name\":\"Gorka Fraga González\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1857-8607\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054188611\",\"display_name\":\"Tiffany Neef\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058730535\",\"display_name\":\"Micah Allen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-4179\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049183256\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Zeidman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-6619\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S117898428\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cerebral Cortex\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab202\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3180355975" }, { "id": 1897, "title": "Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo.", "normalized_title": "many drugs of abuse may be acutely transformed to dopamine norepinephrine and epinephrine in vivo", "authors": "Fitzgerald PJ", "abstract": "It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.", "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences", "publication_date": "2021-10-01", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijms221910706", "pubmed_id": "34639047", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34639047/", "keywords": "DMT, LSD, MDMA, amphetamine, atropine, buprenorphine, cocaine, ecstasy, ephedrine, fentanyl, heroin, mescaline, methamphetamine, morphine, naloxone, naltrexone, nightshades, oxycontin, psilocybin, scopolamine", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"34639047\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5056, "title": "6.2 OVERVIEW OF PSYCHEDELIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE IN TREATMENT", "normalized_title": "6 2 overview of psychedelic compounds and their use in treatment", "authors": "Matt T. Keener", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-09-30", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.052", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.052", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3205171128\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3205171128\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007416280\",\"display_name\":\"Matt T. Keener\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S60711021\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.052\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3205171128" }, { "id": 1573, "title": "Novel antidepressant drugs: Beyond monoamine targets.", "normalized_title": "novel antidepressant drugs beyond monoamine targets", "authors": "Gonda X, Dome P, Neill JC, Tarazi FI.", "abstract": "Treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) including treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major unmet need. Although there are several classes of dissimilar antidepressant drugs approved for MDD, the current drugs have either limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects and withdrawal symptoms. The efficacy and side effects of antidepressant drugs are mainly attributed to their actions on different monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Development of new antidepressants with novel targets beyond the monoamine pathways may fill the unmet need in treatment of MDD and TRD. The recent approval of intranasal Esketamine (glutamatergic agent) in conjunction with an oral antidepressant for the treatment of adult TRD patients was the first step toward expanding beyond the monoamine targets. Several other glutamatergic (AXS-05, REL-1017, AV-101, SLS-002, AGN24175, and PCN-101) and GABAergic (brexanolone, zuranolone, and ganaxolone) drugs are currently in different stages of clinical development for MDD, TRD and other indications. The renaissance of psychedelic drugs and the emergence of preliminary positive clinical trial results with psilocybin, Ayahuasca, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may pave the way towards establishing this class of drugs as effective therapies for MDD, TRD and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Going beyond the monoamine targets appears to be an effective strategy to develop novel antidepressant drugs with superior efficacy, safety, and tolerability for the improved treatment of MDD and TRD.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-09-29", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1017/s1092852921000791", "pubmed_id": "34588093", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852921000791", "keywords": "Humans, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Antidepressive Agents, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34588093\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1903, "title": "The Effects of Tryptamine Psychedelics in the Brain: A meta-Analysis of Functional and Review of Molecular Imaging Studies.", "normalized_title": "the effects of tryptamine psychedelics in the brain a meta analysis of functional and review of molecular imaging studies", "authors": "Castelhano J, Lima G, Teixeira M, Soares C, Pais M, Castelo-Branco M.", "abstract": "There is an increasing interest in the neural effects of psychoactive drugs, in particular tryptamine psychedelics, which has been incremented by the proposal that they have potential therapeutic benefits, based on their molecular mimicry of serotonin. It is widely believed that they act mainly through 5HT2A receptors but their effects on neural activation of distinct brain systems are not fully understood. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of brain imaging studies to investigate the effects of substances within this class (e.g., LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Ayahuasca) in the brain from a molecular and functional point of view. We investigated the question whether the changes in activation patterns and connectivity map into regions with larger 5HT1A/5HT2A receptor binding, as expected from indolaemine hallucinogens (in spite of the often reported emphasis only on 5HT2AR). We did indeed find that regions with changed connectivity and/or activation patterns match regions with high density of 5HT2A receptors, namely visual BA19, visual fusiform regions in BA37, dorsal anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and regions involved in theory of mind such as the surpramarginal gyrus, and temporal cortex (rich in 5HT1A receptors). However, we also found relevant patterns in other brain regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, many of the above-mentioned regions also have a significant density of both 5HT1A/5HT2A receptors, and available PET studies on the effects of psychedelics on receptor occupancy are still quite scarce, precluding a metanalytic approach. Finally, we found a robust neuromodulatory effect in the right amygdala. In sum, the available evidence points towards strong neuromodulatory effects of tryptamine psychedelics in key brain regions involved in mental imagery, theory of mind and affective regulation, pointing to potential therapeutic applications of this class of substances.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-09-28", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2021.739053", "pubmed_id": "34658876", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.739053", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34658876\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Meta-Analysis,Review Article", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 1902, "title": "Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics sociality and human evolution", "authors": "Rodríguez Arce JM, Winkelman MJ.", "abstract": "Our hominin ancestors inevitably encountered and likely ingested psychedelic mushrooms throughout their evolutionary history. This assertion is supported by current understanding of: early hominins' paleodiet and paleoecology; primate phylogeny of mycophagical and self-medicative behaviors; and the biogeography of psilocybin-containing fungi. These lines of evidence indicate mushrooms (including bioactive species) have been a relevant resource since the Pliocene, when hominins intensified exploitation of forest floor foods. Psilocybin and similar psychedelics that primarily target the serotonin 2A receptor subtype stimulate an active coping strategy response that may provide an enhanced capacity for adaptive changes through a flexible and associative mode of cognition. Such psychedelics also alter emotional processing, self-regulation, and social behavior, often having enduring effects on individual and group well-being and sociality. A homeostatic and drug instrumentalization perspective suggests that incidental inclusion of psychedelics in the diet of hominins, and their eventual addition to rituals and institutions of early humans could have conferred selective advantages. Hominin evolution occurred in an ever-changing, and at times quickly changing, environmental landscape and entailed advancement into a socio-cognitive niche, i.e., the development of a socially interdependent lifeway based on reasoning, cooperative communication, and social learning. In this context, psychedelics' effects in enhancing sociality, imagination, eloquence, and suggestibility may have increased adaptability and fitness. We present interdisciplinary evidence for a model of psychedelic instrumentalization focused on four interrelated instrumentalization goals: management of psychological distress and treatment of health problems; enhanced social interaction and interpersonal relations; facilitation of collective ritual and religious activities; and enhanced group decision-making. The socio-cognitive niche was simultaneously a selection pressure and an adaptive response, and was partially constructed by hominins through their activities and their choices. Therefore, the evolutionary scenario put forward suggests that integration of psilocybin into ancient diet, communal practice, and proto-religious activity may have enhanced hominin response to the socio-cognitive niche, while also aiding in its creation. In particular, the interpersonal and prosocial effects of psilocybin may have mediated the expansion of social bonding mechanisms such as laughter, music, storytelling, and religion, imposing a systematic bias on the selective environment that favored selection for prosociality in our lineage.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychology", "publication_date": "2021-09-28", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729425", "pubmed_id": "34659037", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729425", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34659037\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Manuel Rodríguez Arce\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7295-1348\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050298685\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Winkelman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-348X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9692511\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729425\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3204171992" }, { "id": 1890, "title": "Neuroplasticity as a convergent mechanism of ketamine and classical psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "neuroplasticity as a convergent mechanism of ketamine and classical psychedelics", "authors": "Aleksandrova LR, Phillips AG.", "abstract": "The emerging therapeutic efficacy of ketamine and classical psychedelics for depression has inspired tremendous interest in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting neuroplasticity as a convergent downstream mechanism of action for these novel fast-acting antidepressants. Through their primary glutamate or serotonin receptor targets, ketamine and psychedelics [psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)] induce synaptic, structural, and functional changes, particularly in pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. These include increased glutamate release, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signaling, expression of synaptic proteins, and synaptogenesis. Such influences may facilitate adaptive rewiring of pathological neurocircuitry, thus providing a neuroplasticity-focused framework to explain the robust and sustained therapeutic effects of these compounds.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-09-23", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.tips.2021.08.003", "pubmed_id": "34565579", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2021.08.003", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Glutamic Acid, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Neuronal Plasticity", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34565579\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5060, "title": "Testing human hair after magic mushrooms abuse by LC-MS/MS: Pitfalls and limitations", "normalized_title": "testing human hair after magic mushrooms abuse by lc ms ms pitfalls and limitations", "authors": "Pascal Kintz, Jean-Sébastien Raul, Alice Ameline", "abstract": "", "journal": "Forensic Chemistry", "publication_date": "2021-09-19", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.forc.2021.100364", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100364", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Chromatography, Chemistry, Ingredient, Hair analysis, Detection limit, Hallucinogen, MAGIC (telescope), Food science, Biology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Physics, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Quantum mechanics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3199257971\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3199257971\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1978274529\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987172752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007017237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028455253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045514302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094519603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138930190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143389076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2530495931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2758832751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810839383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895498128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987384424\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004975899\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045233723\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093333922\",\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127123233\",\"https://openalex.org/W6744780114\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025381036\",\"display_name\":\"Pascal Kintz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-5362\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037518546\",\"display_name\":\"Jean-Sébastien Raul\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-3795\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082410691\",\"display_name\":\"Alice Ameline\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-0887\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898252156\",\"source_display_name\":\"Forensic Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100364\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3199257971" }, { "id": 5061, "title": "New Insights Into the Clinical and Nonclinical Effects of Psychedelic Substances", "normalized_title": "new insights into the clinical and nonclinical effects of psychedelic substances", "authors": "Matthias Forstmann, Christina Sagioglou", "abstract": "Abstract. After decades of stagnation, research on psychedelic substances (such as lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, or N,N-dimethyltryptamine [DMT]) has experienced a renaissance over the last 10 years, with various major research programs being conducted across Europe and the United States. This research primarily investigates the potential of psychedelics in the treatment of mental health disorders, their short- and long-term effects on recreational users, and the neurological and cognitive processes responsible for their effects. The present review provides a concise summary of the most recent insights gained from this research. We briefly outline the history of psychedelic research, the objective and subjective effects caused by these substances, the prevalence and socio-psychological correlates of their use, as well as their potential for harm. Subsequently, we review empirical research on the beneficial effects of psychedelics in clinical samples, focusing on their efficacy in the treatment of major depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and discuss research on the proposed neural and cognitive mechanisms behind these effects. We then review research on their effects on healthy subjects, focusing on psychological well-being as well as changes in personality, nature-relatedness, and creativity. Finally, we review empirical evidence regarding the long-term effects of single experiences with psychedelics and conclude with a summary and outlook.", "journal": "European Psychologist", "publication_date": "2021-09-16", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1027/1016-9040/a000447", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000447", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Anxiety, Hallucinogen, Cognition, Clinical psychology, Paranoia, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Mental health, Psychiatry, Harm, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Social psychology, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3161737512\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3161737512\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975798365\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996143523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020765068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067384745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108914738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120051206\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124026487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129290879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137597447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157456383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158327608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170811861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272142012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297557715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412432222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418441138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2427846517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492489237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529166905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537027964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588071311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608583841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2657342869\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757390367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766270028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784860341\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792430928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807286797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2896390000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914888340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919995896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2954372647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964775179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987203272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996233343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996270584\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001118513\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010363778\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012354707\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014277121\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018943978\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3031742716\",\"https://openalex.org/W3033422973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058166923\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias Forstmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-183X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041146837\",\"display_name\":\"Christina Sagioglou\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S96839988\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychologist\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000447\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Creativity,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3161737512" }, { "id": 1906, "title": "Neuropsychological Functioning in Users of Serotonergic Psychedelics - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "normalized_title": "neuropsychological functioning in users of serotonergic psychedelics a systematic review and meta analysis", "authors": "Basedow LA, Riemer TG, Reiche S, Kreutz R, Majić T.", "abstract": "Background: Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline are a heterogeneous group of substances that share agonism at 5-HT2a receptors. Besides the ability of these substances to facilitate profoundly altered states of consciousness, persisting psychological effects have been reported after single administrations, which outlast the acute psychedelic effects. In this review and meta-analysis, we investigated if repeated SP use associates with a characteristic neuropsychological profile indicating persisting effects on neuropsychological function. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating the neuropsychological performance in SP users, searching studies in Medline, Web of Science, embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EudraCT. Studies were included if they reported at least one neuropsychological measurement in users of SPs. Studies comparing SP users and non-users that reported mean scores and standard deviations were included in an exploratory meta-analysis. Results: 13 studies (N = 539) published between 1969 and 2020 were included in this systematic review. Overall, we found that only three SPs were specifically investigated: ayahuasca (6 studies, n = 343), LSD (5 studies, n = 135), and peyote (1 study, n = 61). However, heterogeneity of the methodological quality was high across studies, with matching problems representing the most important limitation. Across all SPs, no uniform pattern of neuropsychological impairment was identified. Rather, the individual SPs seemed to be associated with distinct neuropsychological profiles. For instance, one study (n = 42) found LSD users to perform worse in trials A and B of the Trail-Making task, whereas meta-analytic assessment (5 studies, n = 352) of eleven individual neuropsychological measures indicated a better performance of ayahuasca users in the Stroop incongruent task (p = 0.03) and no differences in the others (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of the included studies were not completely successful in controlling for confounders such as differences in non-psychedelic substance use between SP-users and non-users. Our analysis suggests that LSD, ayahuasca and peyote may have different neuropsychological consequences associated with their use. While LSD users showed reduced executive functioning and peyote users showed no differences across domains, there is some evidence that ayahuasca use is associated with increased executive functioning.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-09-15", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2021.739966", "pubmed_id": "34603053", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.739966", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34603053\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5064, "title": "The therapeutical role of psychedelic drugs in treatment of mental disorders", "normalized_title": "the therapeutical role of psychedelic drugs in treatment of mental disorders", "authors": "Dan Cătălin Oprea, Loretta Epure, Vasile Chiriță, Adrian Cantemir", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs (also called hallucinogens, psychotogenics, psycholytics, entheogens) are substances that act mainly on the 5-HT2 serotonergic receptor. There are two main groups of psychedelics: indoleamines (lysergic acid diethylamide-LSD, N, N-dimethyltryptamine-DMT, and psilocybin) and phenethylamines (mescaline, dimethoxymethamphetamine-DOM, methylenedioxyamphetamine-MDA, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine-MDMA). These drugs have a long history, being used in the past in spiritual and religious ceremonies and also in the treatment of physical and mental illnesses. Studies have been conducted over the years on the therapeutic utility of these psychedelic drugs (especially psilocybin, LSD) in the psychiatric field and their beneficial effect has been highlighted in conditions such as anxiety, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol addiction, smoking addiction.", "journal": "Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-09-14", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.36219/bpi.2021.3.09", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.36219/bpi.2021.3.09", "keywords": "Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3202248738\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3202248738\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W60326299\",\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1829354874\",\"https://openalex.org/W1905675815\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973475326\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979746713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018267945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038786381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046709801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073377994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089846242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093943230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095188030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108684858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124305193\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141767084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166756269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287590800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319975253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2329465698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2343567633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413044490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567295262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771056291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247418863\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250368680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253974693\",\"https://openalex.org/W4256312697\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300658670\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301031352\",\"https://openalex.org/W6600213211\",\"https://openalex.org/W6617648042\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638831438\",\"https://openalex.org/W6676106930\",\"https://openalex.org/W6679533365\",\"https://openalex.org/W6680808351\",\"https://openalex.org/W6752298417\",\"https://openalex.org/W7043626681\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055858893\",\"display_name\":\"Dan Cătălin Oprea\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014761258\",\"display_name\":\"Loretta Epure\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5104037858\",\"display_name\":\"Vasile Chiriță\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085593481\",\"display_name\":\"Adrian Cantemir\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210174911\",\"source_display_name\":\"Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.36219/bpi.2021.3.09\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3202248738" }, { "id": 5063, "title": "Is MDD the right target for early-stage psychedelic-assisted therapy trials?", "normalized_title": "is mdd the right target for early stage psychedelic assisted therapy trials", "authors": "Benjamin R. Lewis, Kevin Byrne", "abstract": "Abstract The recently published Imperial College study of a Phase II, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing psilocybin-assisted therapy to a six-week titration of escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) should raise concerns for this illness category as a target of early psychedelic research given a goal of FDA approval. There are three reasons why MDD is the wrong target at this stage of research development. Firstly, the psychiatric category of MDD is heterogeneous, vaguely-defined, and overdiagnosed in a way that will problematize finding a reliable signal with psychedelic interventions (or any intervention), particularly within non-severe cases. Secondly, current rating scales for MDD (QIDS used in the Imperial College trial, but also HAM-D) are limited in approximating the kinds of things we ultimately care most about with depressive states, namely functional status, quality of life, and well-being: measures that seem more salient for psychedelic interventions and which are not adequately captured by these rating scales used in a majority of clinical trials. And thirdly, there are inherent conflicts between psychiatric conceptualizations of MDD (and its symptom amelioration) and the kinds of perspectives on one’s suffering often occasioned by psychedelic experiences themselves: while these kinds of psychedelic-catalyzed openings may lead to a form of acceptance or equanimity with regards to one’s life circumstances this could be in many ways orthogonal to reductions in HAM-D scores. We argue that for these reasons MDD is a non-ideal target at this stage of the science and propose alternative directions.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2021-09-14", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2021.00180", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2021.00180", "keywords": "Major depressive disorder, Psychological intervention, Psychology, Escitalopram, Intervention (counseling), Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Quality of life (healthcare), Clinical psychology, Randomized controlled trial, Clinical trial, Rating scale, Medicine, Developmental psychology, Cognition, Anxiety, Pathology, Hallucinogen, Surgery, Antidepressant, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3199274122\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3199274122\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W99126694\",\"https://openalex.org/W146502225\",\"https://openalex.org/W1524375783\",\"https://openalex.org/W1639235375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019808168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037027351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109201754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316166777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618873482\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950759421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2976089272\",\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248747466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252933093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4388367208\",\"https://openalex.org/W6605832490\",\"https://openalex.org/W6768507846\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062983107\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin R. Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-1053\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047333818\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin Byrne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-5273\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2021.00180\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3199274122" }, { "id": 1864, "title": "Assessing the effects of methodological differences on outcomes in the use of psychedelics in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "normalized_title": "assessing the effects of methodological differences on outcomes in the use of psychedelics in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders a systematic review and meta analysis", "authors": "Leger RF, Unterwald EM.", "abstract": "BackgroundClassical psychedelics are a group of drugs which act as agonists on the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Evidence suggests they may have a uniquely rapid and enduring positive effect on mood. However, marked heterogeneity between methodological designs in this emerging field remains a significant concern.AimsTo determine how differences in the type of psychedelic agent used and the number of dosing sessions administered affect subjects' depression and anxiety outcomes and adverse drug reactions (ADR).MethodsThis review collected and screened 1591 records from the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for clinical trials reporting objective data on mood for subjects with a known anxiety or depression.ResultsAfter screening, nine clinical trials met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies showed significant, large positive effect sizes for measures of anxiety (Cohen's d = 1.26) and depression (Cohen's d = 1.38) overall. These positive effects were also significant at acute (⩽1 week) and extended (>1 week) time points. No significant differences were observed between trials using different psychedelic agents (psilocybin, ayahuasca or lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)), however, a significant difference was observed in favour of trials with multiple dosing sessions. No serious ADR were reported.ConclusionPsilocybin, ayahuasca and LSD all appear to be effective and relatively safe agents capable of producing rapid and sustained improvements in anxiety and depression. Moreover, the findings of the present analysis suggest that they may show a greater efficacy when given to patients over multiple sessions as compared to the more common single session used in many of the existing trials.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-09-13", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1177/02698811211044688", "pubmed_id": "34519567", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211044688", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Affect, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34519567\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5065, "title": "New Frontiers or a Bursting Bubble? Psychedelic Therapy Beyond the Dichotomy", "normalized_title": "new frontiers or a bursting bubble psychedelic therapy beyond the dichotomy", "authors": "Tehseen Noorani, Jonny Martell", "abstract": "The publication in April 2021 of the Imperial College London Phase II study investigating \\nthe efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy vs. escitalopram for depression reported differences \\nin the primary outcome measure (the QIDS-SR16) between experimental and control arms as \\nstatistically insignificant (1). However, secondary measures of depression, and other relevant \\nmeasures (see Appendix), favored psilocybin to escitalopram. Soon thereafter, a range of expert \\ncommentaries offered interpretations, including that the researchers were unfortunate in their \\nchoice of pre-registered primary outcome, the trial was underpowered perhaps revealing an \\noverconfidence in designing the study, and the limitations of depression rating measures to capture \\nthe return of positive mood and well-being. \\nPartially in response to these publications, discussions in research and online communities \\nhave grown around the over-hyping of psychedelic treatments, bringing into focus concerns over \\npsychedelic therapy trial methodology [for a peer-reviewed critique, see (2)]. This opinion piece \\nexplores these concerns to propose a response to this special issue’s question, “Can Psychedelic \\nTherapies Open a New Frontier in Mental Healthcare (Or Will the Bubble Burst)?” Drawing on \\nour experiences of working within psychedelic clinical trials and NHS psychiatry, we offer here a \\ndeflationary answer to this question, suggesting both will occur and outlining some of the facets, \\nstakes and opportunities entailed.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-09-09", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727050", "pubmed_id": "34566724", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727050", "keywords": "Bursting, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychoanalysis, Psychiatry, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3201103091\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3201103091\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":31,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1500163843\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989468762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007739659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016738977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094456586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102217571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108002918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130791445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140189940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150054862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168816096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474588055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550840050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891016433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969353379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978721493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981625546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987994153\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000674126\",\"https://openalex.org/W3089427493\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093269897\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112904824\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122951191\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137525876\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154528253\",\"https://openalex.org/W3154999065\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W3162204693\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164618783\",\"https://openalex.org/W4213359974\",\"https://openalex.org/W4220956513\",\"https://openalex.org/W4221001769\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229083805\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231889404\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234891569\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249985185\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253336539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4256013753\",\"https://openalex.org/W6616555030\",\"https://openalex.org/W6738155606\",\"https://openalex.org/W6756867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W6784343097\",\"https://openalex.org/W6789129828\",\"https://openalex.org/W6794036445\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004186550\",\"display_name\":\"Tehseen Noorani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-0218\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036560266\",\"display_name\":\"Jonny Martell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7669\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727050\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3201103091" }, { "id": 5066, "title": "Treating Major Depression Disorder with Psychedelics: A Potential Therapeutic Application for Psilocybin?", "normalized_title": "treating major depression disorder with psychedelics a potential therapeutic application for psilocybin", "authors": "Gonçalo Cotovio, Ana Maia, Ana Velosa, Carolina Seybert, Albino J. Oliveira-Maia", "abstract": ".", "journal": "Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental", "publication_date": "2021-09-07", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.51338/rppsm.2021.v7.i3.241", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2021.v7.i3.241", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3200752577\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3200752577\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033043250\",\"display_name\":\"Gonçalo Cotovio\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-645X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101888623\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Maia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2205-3368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110803180\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Velosa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002367723\",\"display_name\":\"Carolina Seybert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-5648\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032763144\",\"display_name\":\"Albino J. Oliveira-Maia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-3007\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210184075\",\"source_display_name\":\"Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2021.v7.i3.241\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3200752577" }, { "id": 1905, "title": "A Complex Impact of Systemically Administered 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands on Conditioned Fear.", "normalized_title": "a complex impact of systemically administered 5 ht2a receptor ligands on conditioned fear", "authors": "Hagsäter SM, Pettersson R, Pettersson C, Atanasovski D, Näslund J, Eriksson E.", "abstract": "BackgroundThough drugs binding to serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors have long been claimed to influence human anxiety, it remains unclear if this receptor subtype is best described as anxiety promoting or anxiety dampening. Whereas conditioned fear expressed as freezing in rats is modified by application of 5-HT2A-acting drugs locally into different brain regions, reports on the effect of systemic administration of 5-HT2A receptor agonists and 5-HT2A antagonists or inverse agonists on this behavior remain sparse.MethodsWe assessed the possible impact of systemic administration of 5-HT2A receptor agonists, 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonists, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-per se or in combination-on the freezing displayed by male rats when re-exposed to a conditioning chamber in which they received foot shocks 7 days earlier.ResultsThe 5-HT2A receptor agonists psilocybin and 25CN-NBOH induced a reduction in conditioned fear that was countered by pretreatment with 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist MDL100907. While both MDL100907 and another 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, pimavanserin, failed to impact freezing per se, both compounds unmasked a robust fear-reducing effect of an SSRI, escitalopram, which by itself exerted no such effect.ConclusionsThe results indicate that 5-HT2A receptor activation is not a prerequisite for normal conditioned freezing in rats but that this receptor subtype, when selectively over-activated prior to expression, exerts a marked fear-reducing influence. However, in the presence of an SSRI, the 5-HT2A receptor, on the contrary, appears to counter an anti-freezing effect of the enhanced extracellular serotonin levels following reuptake inhibition.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-08-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyab040", "pubmed_id": "34228806", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab040", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Methylamines, Fluorobenzenes, Urea, Piperidines, Ligands, Behavior, Animal, Fear, Conditioning, Classical, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Psilocybin, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": 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Melker Hagsäter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-7503\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007909407\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Pettersson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-0211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088916034\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Pettersson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069714315\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Atanasovski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023097470\",\"display_name\":\"Jakob Näslund\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-5160\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089573141\",\"display_name\":\"Elias Eriksson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-2046\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab040\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3178121559" }, { "id": 3371, "title": "Psychedelics and psychiatric disorders: A emerging role", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and psychiatric disorders a emerging role", "authors": "Peixoto C, Santos F, Rego D, Medeiros H.", "abstract": "Introduction Recently there has been renewal in interest of psychedelic research. Classic psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and mescaline act pharmacologically as agonists at the 5-HT2A receptor. The entactogens like methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), acts as a serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline agonist. All of these drugs are potential candidates in the treatment of multiple psychiatric illnesses. Objectives The authors intend to review the literature on the clinical application of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric disorders. Methods Non-systematic review of the literature. Results In recent clinical trial the psychedelic is given with psychotherapeutic input. In a supportive setting, psychedelics produced immediate and significant anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects that were endured for several months. Randomized clinical trials support the efficace of psilocybin in the treatment of depression and those with anxiety and depression symptoms provoked by life-threatening cancer. There have also been studies showing efficacy in both alcohol and tobacco dependence. When administered safely LSD can reduce anxiety and have anti-addictive property. Randomized clinical trials support the efficacy of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD. Psychedelics were well-tolerated, few adverse effects have been reported. The most common adverse effects were transient anxiety, short-lived headaches, nausea and mild increases in heart rate and blood pressure, with no persisting adverse effects. Serious adverse events, such as persistent psychosis and suicidality, have not been demonstrated. Conclusions Psychedelics appear to be effective in multiple psychiatric disorders and are well-tolerated, although further evidence is required, to better see they therapeutic potential. Disclosure No significant relationships.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-08-12", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9470409", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9470409\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3346, "title": "Treating addiction with psychedelics - are we waking up?", "normalized_title": "treating addiction with psychedelics are we waking up", "authors": "Miranda J, Barbosa M, Figueiredo I, Mota P, Tarelho A.", "abstract": "Introduction Classic psychedelics have been administered in sacramental contexts since ancient times. They were of prominent interest within psychiatry and neuroscience in the 1950s to 1960s, but the association between classic psychedelics and the emerging counterculture put an end to their research. Modern research with classic psychedelics has reinitiated interest in the treatment of both cancer-related distress and addiction, with really promising results. Objectives We aim to provide a review about history and new insights regarding research with psychedelics specially as treatment of addictive disorders. Methods A framing analysis of articles, searched on Pubmed (articles between 2010-2020) with the key words: “ psychedelics”, “psilocybin”, “substance use disorder”, “addiction”. Results Classic psychedelics are 5HT2AR agonists such as LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin. They were shown to occasion mystical experiences, which are experiences reported throughout different cultures and religions involving a strong sense of unity. These experiences are scientifically important because they appear to cause abrupt and sustained changes in behavior and perception, that can be very useful in the substance use disorder field. From this analysis is possible to understand that the use of psychadelics in the treatment of some addictions is currently at an early stage of research. However, they show interesting results with no clinically significant adverse events when risk individuals are excluded. Conclusions In comparison to psychedelic research about cancer-related psychological distress, studies with addictions are less developed, but if they continue to suggest safety and efficacy, may be the use of psilocybin for the treatment of specific addiction can happen in a close future.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-08-12", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9480123", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9480123\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3339, "title": "Psychedelics: A new era of treatment?", "normalized_title": "psychedelics a new era of treatment", "authors": "Torres S.", "abstract": "Introduction Psychedelics - including LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), psilocybin, DMT (N, N-dimethyltryptamine), ayahuasca and mescaline - have an ancient history across various civilizations. In 1950, after LSD’s discovery by Hofmann, psychedelics enjoyed a short-lived relationship with psychiatry, before prohibitive legislature emerging in response to the recreational use in the mid-1960s. However, the last decade has witnessed a renewed scientific interest in psychedelics - a phenomenon referred to as the ‘Psychedelic Renaissance’. Objectives Review the pharmacology of psychedelic drugs and the latest evidence of its therapeutic potentials in anxiety, mood and addictive disorders. Methods Literature review performed on PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords “psychedelics”, “hallucinogens”, “d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)”, “psilocybin”, “ayahuasca”, “mescaline”, “DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine)”. Results The psychedelics or “classic hallucinogens” can be subdivided into three sub-classes: the plant-derived tryptamines (psilocybin and ibogaine) and phenethylamines (mescaline), and the semisynthetic ergolines (LSD). The therapeutic potentials are mediated by an agonist action on 5-HT2A receptors expressed in frontal and paralimbic structures involved in mood and emotion regulation, introspection, interoception and self-consciousness. Stimulation of 5-HT2ARincreases the glutamatergic tone and neuroplasticity and is accompanied by reduced amygdala activity, reducing anxiety. Experimental, open-label, and RCTs showed anxiolytic, antidepressive, and antiaddictive effects with psychedelics. As examples, psilocybin and LSD reduced anxiety and depression in cancer patients and symptoms of alcohol and tobacco dependence, and ayahuasca reduced depression in treatment-resistant depression. Conclusions Despite the promising effects of psychedelics on anxiety, depression and addiction, the evidence is still preliminary, waiting for long-term studies with bigger samples. Conflict of interest No significant relationships.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-08-12", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9475866", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9475866\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3156, "title": "Psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: What do we know so far?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder what do we know so far", "authors": "Descalço N, Medeiros A, Santos C, Borges G.", "abstract": "Introduction Psilocybin is a naturally occurring plant alkaloid in mushrooms and a prodrug of psilocin. It is a serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) agonist and known psychedelic, with similar hallucinatory properties to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It has been identified as a safe and effective option in treatment-resistant depression. Literature focus mainly on its use on depressive but its interest in other psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has grown. Objectives To review the clinical evidence for the use of hallucinogens such as psilocybin in OCD. Methods Non-systematic review of literature found on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using the keywords “obsessive-compulsive disorder”, “psilocybin” and “hallucinogens”. Articles may include clinical trials, case report or case series. Articles found were admitted according to their relevance for the topic in review; only articles in English were included. Ongoing research trials on this topic were checked on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results So far, only one open-label non-randomized study directly assessed the effects of psilocybin on OCD patients that found acute reductions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Case reports of patients improving with off-label use of psilocybin are reported. There are two ongoing phase I research trials, aiming to explore the effect of the substance on symptomatology, hypothesizing that psilocybin will normalize cerebral connectivity and thus correlate with clinical improvement. Conclusions More research to establish the usefulness of psilocybin in OCD patients is needed; the collected data is encouraging are there may be a role for its use on this disorder.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-08-12", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9476072", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:47", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PMC9476072\",\"source\":\"PMC\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5071, "title": "What can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions?", "normalized_title": "what can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions", "authors": "Wayne Hall, Michael Farrell", "abstract": "The history of research on the use of psychedelic drugs to treat alcohol dependence in the 1950s and 1960s suggests the need for caution in their proposed clinical use. Since 2006 there has been a revival of interest in using psychedelics to treat depression and post-traumatic stress disorders [1] and the addictions [2]. What lessons may we glean from research in the 1950s and 1960s on the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to treat alcohol dependence [3, 4]? A ‘psychedelic’ drug ‘produces thought, mood, and perceptual changes otherwise rarely experienced except in dreams… and acute psychosis’ and does so ‘without causing physical addiction, craving, major physiological disturbances, delirium, disorientation, or amnesia’ [5]. The classic psychedelics include mescaline, psilocybin and LSD, all of which appear to act on the 5-HT-2a serotonin receptor [6]. The class has more recently been expanded to include 3,4-methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA) and plant-based drugs such as ibogaine and ayahuasca, with more varied effects and mechanisms of action that may be used in various combinations [7]. In the early 1950s Osmond & Hoffer used mescaline (and later LSD) to treat patients with alcohol dependence in mental hospitals in the Canadian Province of Saskatchewan [3, 4, 8, 9]. Osmond & Hoffer [4] hypothesized that large doses of mescaline could safely produce psychotic symptoms, like those in delirium tremens (DTs), and ‘scare’ alcoholics into sobriety [3, 4]. They found instead that their patients reported a mystical epiphany that led them to embrace abstinence [4]. Osmond later coined the term ‘psychedelic therapy’ to describe the use of high doses of mescaline or LSD to induce the therapeutic epiphanies [10] that he and his colleagues believed were essential for successful treatment, because they facilitated engagement with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to sustain longer-term abstinence [3, 4, 11]. The local chapter of AA was very supportive of this use of LSD [8], presumably because it seemed to help alcoholics to achieve the first and second of AA's 12 Steps. A colleague of Osmond & Hoffer used their approach to treat 24 patients and reported that six were greatly and six moderately improved, and 12 were unchanged 6 months after [8, 9]. Similar later reports encouraged the Provincial Alcoholism Treatment Bureau to make LSD therapy the standard treatment for alcoholism in Saskatchewan [3, 4]. Sceptics questioned these positive results [3, 8, 12, 13]. First, they argued that their studies were uncontrolled, involved small numbers of patients and did not compare psychedelic therapy with other treatments [3, 13]. Secondly, they thought that the putative 50% success rates were inflated because outcomes were assessed by therapists who were not blind to the patients’ treatment and who may have been biased by their own use of LSD [3, 4, 12]. The positive results of LSD treatment were called into question by a controlled trial at the Addiction Research Foundation (ARF) in Toronto that randomized 30 patients to receive an 800 μg dose of LSD, ephedrine and treatment as usual without a drug [9]. In this and several later trials the investigators reported that there were no better outcomes in patients who had been given LSD [9]. Osmond & Hoffer reasonably argued that the ARF study had not implemented psychedelic therapy because patients were given a large dose of LSD with no preparation or psychotherapeutic support [3]. Some later trials that more faithfully implemented Osmond & Hoffer's treatment model reported higher abstinence rates at 3 months’ follow up in patients who received LSD [9], but no differences in outcome 12-18 months after treatment. A meta-analysis of these trials found better outcomes in the LSD group up to 6 months after treatment but no differences at 12 months [14]. LSD was, unsurprisingly, not a one-shot cure for alcohol dependence. It was also not seen as a standalone treatment by Osmond & Hoffer, who used it in combination with AA to maintain long-term abstinence. Krebs & Johansen [15] suggest that LSD may have a similar role in alcohol dependence to acamprosate and naltrexone; that is, it may need to be repeated and combined with aftercare to address the multiple personal and social problems of people with addiction. A major challenge will be avoiding the irrational exuberance that psychedelics seem to produce in some therapists [16]. Some of those conducting randomized controlled trials on depression and PTSD have publicly discouraged the non-medical use of psychedelic drugs [15], but it remains to be seen whether their ‘sober advocacy’ [15] will continue if the unsupervised clinical use of these drugs is permitted before controlled trials have defined their role in treatment. In Australia, for example, Mind Medicine Australia is facilitating the use of psychedelics in psychiatric practice by using special access schemes that allow the compassionate use of unapproved medicines [17]. They are advertising training courses for therapists on how to use these drugs, and they have enlisted politically well-connected people to argue that failing to allow the use of these drugs before regulatory approval will deny patients access to effective treatments [17]. Concerns about an over-exuberant therapeutic use of psychedelics will not end with the regulatory approval of psychedelics to treat depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. We can expect these drugs to be used off-label to treat a variety of behavioural disorders, including addictions. We may also see demands for compassionate access to plant-based psychedelic drugs, such as ayahuasca and ibogaine, based on appeals to the alleged ‘entourage’ effects of the whole plant. There is also a risk that enthusiasm for the use of psychedelic drugs may reduce interest in providing more mundane but effective psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for addiction. The history of psychedelic drugs suggests the need for caution in the revival of their therapeutic use. Clinical trials of their safety and efficacy need to be conducted (e.g. [18]) in larger, more representative patient samples, and under conditions more like routine clinical practice. Once given regulatory approval, their use should be restricted to research and supervised clinical settings to enable clinicians to be trained to deliver them in ways that minimize the risks of misadventures in the hands of exuberant clinicians [16]. Such a measured approach is needed if we wish to avoid the mistakes of the past. None. Wayne Hall: Conceptualization. Michael Farrell: Conceptualization.", "journal": "Addiction", "publication_date": "2021-08-11", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1111/add.15560", "pubmed_id": "34382252", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15560", "keywords": "Addiction, Psychology, Street drugs, Drug, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3187445852\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3187445852\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2315039785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398265512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618263941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001305977\",\"https://openalex.org/W3044553637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092405045\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134109999\",\"https://openalex.org/W3137933781\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234891569\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235724164\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239734876\",\"https://openalex.org/W4389694566\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053840112\",\"display_name\":\"Wayne Hall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-0096\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078637043\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Farrell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-8130\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S70513841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15560\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3187445852" }, { "id": 2136, "title": "Pharmacologic Similarities and Differences Among Hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "pharmacologic similarities and differences among hallucinogens", "authors": "Waters K.", "abstract": "Hallucinogens constitute a unique class of substances that cause changes in the user's thoughts, perceptions, and mood through various mechanisms of action. Although the serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine have been termed the classical hallucinogens, many hallucinogens elicit their actions through other mechanisms such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism, opioid receptor agonism, or inhibition of the reuptake of monoamines including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The aim of this article is to compare the pharmacologic similarities and differences among substances within the hallucinogen class and their impact on physical and psychiatric effects. Potential toxicities, including life-threatening and long-term effects, will be reviewed.", "journal": "The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-07-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1002/jcph.1917", "pubmed_id": "34396556", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1917", "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Biogenic Monoamines, Tryptamines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptors, Opioid, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Hallucinogens, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34396556\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Waters\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2278-1018\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S146237847\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1917\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3195506672" }, { "id": 5660, "title": "A Case Series Describing the Tale of ‘The Magic Mushroom’; An Increasing Trend of Psychedelic Misuse Among Substance Abusers in Terengganu", "normalized_title": "a case series describing the tale of the magic mushroom an increasing trend of psychedelic misuse among substance abusers in terengganu", "authors": "Chong Siew Koon, Tuan Sharipah binti Tuan Hadi, Izatt Syafieq bin Abd Rashad, Ruzila binti Ali", "abstract": "Hallucinogens comprise of a vast amount of substances such as Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Phenylcyclidine PCP, naturally occurring alkaloid like Belladona and even mushrooms such as psylocybins. Usage of these substances can be traced back to antiquity, serving various purpose such as spiritual rites or even recreational purposes. However, in the modern era, teenagers appear to be in favor of designer drugs such as amphetamine type stimulants and more addictive substances such as opiates. Recently, there has been a resurgence of such cases in Terengganu where several patients had been reported to be using psychedelic compounds in the form of hallucinogenic mushrooms. Please click PDF below to download the full paper...", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-07-26", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://openalex.org/W3186346443", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, MAGIC (telescope), Amphetamine, Recreation, Addiction, Mushroom, Psychology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Psychiatry, Medicine, Biology, Neuroscience, Ecology, Food science, Dopamine, Physics, Biochemistry, Serotonin, Quantum mechanics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3186346443\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3186346443\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012228203\",\"display_name\":\"Chong Siew Koon\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-5619\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078287269\",\"display_name\":\"Tuan Sharipah binti Tuan Hadi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019810516\",\"display_name\":\"Izatt Syafieq bin Abd Rashad\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080138964\",\"display_name\":\"Ruzila binti Ali\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":null,\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Case Report", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3186346443" }, { "id": 2140, "title": "Serotonin Heteroreceptor Complexes and Their Integration of Signals in Neurons and Astroglia-Relevance for Mental Diseases.", "normalized_title": "serotonin heteroreceptor complexes and their integration of signals in neurons and astroglia relevance for mental diseases", "authors": "Borroto-Escuela DO, Ambrogini P, Narvaez M, Di Liberto V, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Fores-Pons R, Alvarez-Contino JE, Lopez-Salas A, Mudò G, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Fuxe K.", "abstract": "The heteroreceptor complexes present a novel biological principle for signal integration. These complexes and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions are bidirectional and novel targets for treatment of CNS diseases including mental diseases. The existence of D2R-5-HT2AR heterocomplexes can help explain the anti-schizophrenic effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs not only based on blockade of 5-HT2AR and of D2R in higher doses but also based on blocking the allosteric enhancement of D2R protomer signaling by 5-HT2AR protomer activation. This research opens a new understanding of the integration of DA and 5-HT signals released from DA and 5-HT nerve terminal networks. The biological principle of forming 5-HT and other heteroreceptor complexes in the brain also help understand the mechanism of action for especially the 5-HT hallucinogens, including putative positive effects of e.g., psilocybin and the indicated prosocial and anti-stress actions of MDMA (ecstasy). The GalR1-GalR2 heterodimer and the putative GalR1-GalR2-5-HT1 heteroreceptor complexes are targets for Galanin N-terminal fragment Gal (1-15), a major modulator of emotional networks in models of mental disease. GPCR-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) heteroreceptor complexes can operate through transactivation of FGFR1 via allosteric mechanisms and indirect interactions over GPCR intracellular pathways involving protein kinase Src which produces tyrosine phosphorylation of the RTK. The exciting discovery was made that several antidepressant drugs such as TCAs and SSRIs as well as the fast-acting antidepressant drug ketamine can directly bind to the TrkB receptor and provide a novel mechanism for their antidepressant actions. Understanding the role of astrocytes and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in modulating forebrain glutamate synapses with impact on dorsal raphe-forebrain serotonin neurons is also of high relevance for research on major depressive disorder.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-07-26", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/cells10081902", "pubmed_id": "34440670", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10081902", "keywords": "Brain, Astrocytes, Animals, Humans, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Receptor, Galanin, Type 1, Receptor, Galanin, Type 2, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Antipsychotic Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Mental Disorders, Signal Transduction, Receptor Cross-Talk, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1, Dopaminergic Neurons, Serotonergic Neurons", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34440670\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5074, "title": "Safer Tripping: Serotonergic Psychedelics and Drug Checking. Submission and Detection Rates, Potential Harms, and Challenges for Drug Analysis", "normalized_title": "safer tripping serotonergic psychedelics and drug checking submission and detection rates potential harms and challenges for drug analysis", "authors": "Tim Hirschfeld, Laura Smit-Rigter, Daan van der Gouwe, Simon Reiche, Heino Stöver, Tomislav Majić", "abstract": "Abstract Purpose of Review With the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances, drug checking (DC) services are challenged by an increasingly complex drug market. Considering the resumed scientific and public interest in serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) like LSD, psilocybin, and 2C-B, we present the results of a literature search investigating the presence and proportion of SPs in DC samples. Recent Findings In 15 identified reports, submission and detection rates of SPs were comparably low, but increasing. Samples contained considerable amounts of adulterations or analogues, mostly novel SPs with unknown toxicological profiles and in some cases potentially life-threatening effects. The detection of SPs, however, requires advanced analysis techniques currently not available to most DC services. Summary Given the substantial proportion of novel SPs in DC samples and the associated risks, DC can be a valuable harm reduction and monitoring tool for SPs if analysis techniques with high sensitivity are employed.", "journal": "Current Addiction Reports", "publication_date": "2021-07-25", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s40429-021-00385-5", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00385-5", "keywords": "SAFER, Psilocybin, Drug, Serotonergic, Harm reduction, Drug detection, Harm, Psychology, Medicine, Internet privacy, Computer science, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Computer security, Public health, Chemistry, Social psychology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Chromatography, Nursing, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3186726344\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3186726344\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W657177982\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494714925\",\"https://openalex.org/W1568216996\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984147853\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984561319\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995573137\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005405042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016444209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016827136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022770178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026485584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031151172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033952955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043679935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045427944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059998797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061607209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072549395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082755232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100962265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129132816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129290879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137057532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163137476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286858757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346325164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2500834598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2576763726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603746317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2620631001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2685842596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767482428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769138579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769367614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883767674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2893642694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900445331\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901224601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905473168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2910435728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2922044253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962375637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964548095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969818159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978817546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981683380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981860490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982170671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2984514911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2995893285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999306893\",\"https://openalex.org/W3004628662\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007555931\",\"https://openalex.org/W3011704066\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034109246\",\"https://openalex.org/W3035043949\",\"https://openalex.org/W3040590429\",\"https://openalex.org/W3045965341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3100820252\",\"https://openalex.org/W3104055738\",\"https://openalex.org/W3106917591\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110821178\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112708276\",\"https://openalex.org/W3124759242\",\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127006271\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131502434\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133947388\",\"https://openalex.org/W3134897339\",\"https://openalex.org/W3135335789\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156520588\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033112950\",\"display_name\":\"Tim Hirschfeld\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-4873\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024121606\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Smit-Rigter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-1318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079127017\",\"display_name\":\"Daan van der Gouwe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4701\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080123719\",\"display_name\":\"Simon Reiche\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-2262\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031639401\",\"display_name\":\"Heino Stöver\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-2775\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065637165\",\"display_name\":\"Tomislav Majić\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-6673\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764348729\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Addiction Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00385-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3186726344" }, { "id": 1912, "title": "Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience", "authors": "Madsen MK, Stenbæk DS, Arvidsson A, Armand S, Marstrand-Joergensen MR, Johansen SS, Linnet K, Ozenne B, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM.", "abstract": "The emerging novel therapeutic psilocybin produces psychedelic effects via engagement of cerebral serotonergic targets by psilocin (active metabolite). The serotonin 2A receptor critically mediates these effects by altering distributed neural processes that manifest as increased entropy, reduced functional connectivity (FC) within discrete brain networks (i.e., reduced integrity) and increased FC between networks (i.e., reduced segregation). Reduced integrity of the default mode network (DMN) is proposed to play a particularly prominent role in psychedelic phenomenology, including perceived ego-dissolution. Here, we investigate the effects of a psychoactive peroral dose of psilocybin (0.2-0.3 mg/kg) on plasma psilocin level (PPL), subjective drug intensity (SDI) and their association in fifteen healthy individuals. We further evaluate associations between these measures and resting-state FC, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, acquired over the course of five hours after psilocybin administration. We show that PPL and SDI correlate negatively with measures of network integrity (including DMN) and segregation, both spatially constrained and unconstrained. We also find that the executive control network and dorsal attention network desegregate, increasing connectivity with other networks and throughout the brain as a function of PPL and SDI. These findings provide direct evidence that psilocin critically shapes the time course and magnitude of changes in the cerebral functional architecture and subjective experience following psilocybin administration. Our findings provide novel insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying profound perceptual experiences evoked by this emerging transnosological therapeutic and implicate the expression of network integrity and segregation in the psychedelic experience and consciousness.", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-07-07", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.001", "pubmed_id": "34246868", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.001", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34246868\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3179473685\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":132,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1760829075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951724000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969676672\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971711266\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978694642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983183519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002923643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009494091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019370496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035387023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049649543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067456724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093844851\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129624700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133903921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145729305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168830964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2505585523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536956629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557111525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2615397937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2760291954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2787586915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923436703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951435914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971683016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981209953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090010637\",\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3101729008\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238048406\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285707174\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295750005\",\"https://openalex.org/W6685216092\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\",\"https://openalex.org/W6737885350\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050867683\",\"display_name\":\"Albin Arvidsson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086179765\",\"display_name\":\"Sophia Armand\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3329\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031514106\",\"display_name\":\"Maja Rou Marstrand-Joergensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-7823\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013055423\",\"display_name\":\"Sys Stybe Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-5134\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078174062\",\"display_name\":\"Kristían Línnet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-5535\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.001\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3179473685" }, { "id": 5078, "title": "The Influence of Psychedelic Drugs on the 'Sense of Self'", "normalized_title": "the influence of psychedelic drugs on the sense of self", "authors": "Philipp Matteo Härter", "abstract": "Potent psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin are implicated in a multitude of cognitive and perceptual alterations. Through the mediation of serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors, distortion of the self is a common effect of these drugs. The self is usually referred to as an entity comprising physical and psychological attributes that are coherent within our self-concept. This so-called binding process can be affected through psychedelic experiences and can oftentimes lead to the phenomenon of ego-dissolution. Given this, ego-dissolution leads to the elimination of a binded self-model which eventually results in the perception of distorted self-boundaries. There have been improvements conceptualizing and assessing ego-dissolution. The Ego-Dissolution Inventory is the first questionnaire dealing with the assessment of this phenomenon. In addition, a variety of neural studies associate this common psychedelic induced phenomenon with different brain regions. The Default Mode Network and the Salience Network, two large-scale networks associated with distinct components of the self, show altered activity and disintegration, leading to a more global connectivity within the brain. Additionally, decoupling of the Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) and reduced interhemispheric communication show the same correlations. These findings are first attempts to conceptualize the self and the concept of ego-dissolution in terms of large-scale networks within the brain.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-07-01", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://openjournals.maastrichtuniversity.nl/MSJPN/article/view/661", "keywords": "Phenomenon, Psychology, Id, ego and super-ego, Salience (neuroscience), Self, Perception, Cognitive psychology, Mediation, Cognition, Default mode network, Illusion, Social psychology, Neuroscience, Epistemology, Political science, Philosophy, Law, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Mental Health Research Topics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3182788247\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3182788247\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078322474\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Matteo Härter\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://openjournals.maastrichtuniversity.nl/MSJPN/article/view/661\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3182788247" }, { "id": 1866, "title": "Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals.", "normalized_title": "lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting state functional connectivity in healthy individuals", "authors": "McCulloch DE, Madsen MK, Stenbæk DS, Kristiansen S, Ozenne B, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has shown lasting positive effects on clinical symptoms and self-reported well-being following a single dose. There has been little research into the long-term effects of psilocybin on brain connectivity in humans.AimEvaluate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) at 1 week and 3 months after one psilocybin dose in 10 healthy psychedelic-naïve volunteers and explore associations between change in RSFC and related measures.MethodsParticipants received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg psilocybin in a controlled setting. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans at baseline, 1-week and 3-month post-administration and [11C]Cimbi-36 PET scans at baseline and 1 week. We examined changes in within-network, between-network and region-to-region RSFC. We explored associations between changes in RSFC and psilocybin-induced phenomenology as well as changes in psychological measures and neocortex serotonin 2A receptor binding.ResultsPsilocybin was well tolerated and produced positive changes in well-being. At 1 week only, executive control network (ECN) RSFC was significantly decreased (Cohen's d = -1.73, pFWE = 0.010). We observed no other significant changes in RSFC at 1 week or 3 months, nor changes in region-to-region RSFC. Exploratory analyses indicated that decreased ECN RSFC at 1 week predicted increased mindfulness at 3 months (r = -0.65).ConclusionsThese findings in a small cohort indicate that psilocybin affects ECN function within the psychedelic 'afterglow' period. Our findings implicate ECN modulation as mediating psilocybin-induced, long-lasting increases in mindfulness. Although our findings implicate a neural pathway mediating lasting psilocybin effects, it is notable that changes in neuroimaging measures at 3 months, when personality changes are observed, remain to be identified.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-06-29", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1177/02698811211026454", "pubmed_id": "34189985", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211026454", "keywords": "Brain, Neural Pathways, Humans, Benzylamines, Phenethylamines, Hallucinogens, Positron-Emission Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Follow-Up Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Executive Function, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"34189985\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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E-Wen McCulloch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-5224\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Martin Korsbak Madsen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107600706\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Peter Steen Jensen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211026454\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3175441262" }, { "id": 5080, "title": "Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as a novel pharmacotherapy for treatment refractory anorexia nervosa", "authors": "Sarah-Catherine Rodan, Phillip Aouad, Iain S. McGregor, Sarah Maguire", "abstract": "Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a major health problem with one of the highest mortalities and treatment costs of any psychiatric condition. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the most widely used treatment for AN in adults but provides remission rates ≤ 50%. Treatment drop-out is exceedingly high and those that persevere with treatment often relapse, causing increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to find new interventions, especially as there are no approved pharmacological treatments for AN. Ideally, new treatments would target treatment-resistance and to decrease the chronicity associated with the disorder. Over the past two decades, emerging research into classic psychedelic substances (lysergic diethylamide acid (LSD), 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin), indicates that marked reductions in anxiety and depression-like symptoms, and lasting improvement in mental health, can follow from one or two exposures to these psychedelic substances. Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent co-morbid psychiatric symptoms in AN. Here we suggest that classic psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, have the potential to normalise dysfunctional neurobiological systems in AN and provide a novel treatment intervention that is worthy of consideration, particularly for treatment-resistant patients.", "journal": "OBM Neurobiology", "publication_date": "2021-06-23", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102102", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102102", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia nervosa, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Pharmacotherapy, Psychology, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychological intervention, Medicine, Eating disorders, Antidepressant, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": 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Rodan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025297705\",\"display_name\":\"Phillip Aouad\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-7495\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052009573\",\"display_name\":\"Iain S. McGregor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-7159\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020195820\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah Maguire\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-9189\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210221663\",\"source_display_name\":\"OBM Neurobiology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102102\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3174884462" }, { "id": 3809, "title": "Microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity: Lessons learned from three double-blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials", "normalized_title": "microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity lessons learned from three double blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials", "authors": "Prochazkova L, van Elk M, Marschall JC, Rifkin BD, Fejer G, Schoen N, Fiacchino D, Kuchar M, Hommel B.", "abstract": "Introduction: Microdosing refers to the repetitive administration of tiny doses of psychedelics (LSD, Psilocybin) over an extended period of time. This practice has been linked to alleged cognitive benefits, such as improved mood and creativity, potentiated by targeting serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and facilitating cognitive flexibility. Nonetheless, in the absence of robust, quantitative and double-blind research on the effect of microdosing, such claims remain anecdotal. Methods: Here, our main aim was to quantitatively explore the effect of microdosing psychedelic truffles on two creativity tasks assumed to rely on separable processes: the Picture Concept Task assessing convergent thinking and the Alternative Uses Task assessing divergent thinking. We present results from 3 double-blind placebo-controlled longitudinal trials (of which one was pre-registered) conducted in a semi-naturalistic setting. Furthermore, we controlled for expectation and learning biases, and the data were mega-analyzed across trials with a pooled sample of 175 participants in order to maximize statistical power. Results: In the final analyses we found that active microdosing increased the ratio of original responses (originality/fluency), indicating higher quality of divergent answers in the active microdosing condition. The unadjusted originality score was significantly more pronounced in the active microdosing condition, but only when relative dosage (dose/weight of participants) was considered. These effects were present after controlling for expectation and demographic biases. No effects of active microdosing were found for convergent thinking or any other divergent-thinking score. The results suggest that the effects of truffle mirodosing are limited to divergent quality and are more subtle than initially anticipated. Our findings furthermore highlighted the importance of controlling for expectation biases, placebo effects, and prior psychedelic experience in microdosing practice and research.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2021-06-13", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/emcxw", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/emcxw", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:10:23", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR356778\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Creativity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3401, "title": "Microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity: Lessons learned from three double-blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials", "normalized_title": "microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity lessons learned from three double blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials", "authors": "", "abstract": "Introduction: Microdosing refers to the repetitive administration of tiny doses of psychedelics (LSD, Psilocybin) over an extended period of time. This practice has been linked to alleged cognitive benefits, such as improved mood and creativity, potentiated by targeting serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and facilitating cognitive flexibility. Nonetheless, in the absence of robust, quantitative and double-blind research on the effect of microdosing, such claims remain anecdotal. Methods: Here, our main aim was to quantitatively explore the effect of microdosing psychedelic truffles on two creativity tasks assumed to rely on separable processes: the Picture Concept Task assessing convergent thinking and the Alternative Uses Task assessing divergent thinking. We present results from 3 double-blind placebo-controlled longitudinal trials (of which one was pre-registered) conducted in a semi-naturalistic setting. Furthermore, we controlled for expectation and learning biases, and the data were mega-analyzed across trials with a pooled sample of 175 participants in order to maximize statistical power. Results: In the final analyses we found that active microdosing increased the ratio of original responses (originality/fluency), indicating higher quality of divergent answers in the active microdosing condition. The unadjusted originality score was significantly more pronounced in the active microdosing condition, but only when relative dosage (dose/weight of participants) was considered. These effects were present after controlling for expectation and demographic biases. No effects of active microdosing were found for convergent thinking or any other divergent-thinking score. The results suggest that the effects of truffle mirodosing are limited to divergent quality and are more subtle than initially anticipated. Our findings furthermore highlighted the importance of controlling for expectation biases, placebo effects, and prior psychedelic experience in microdosing practice and research.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2021-06-13", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/emcxw_v1", "keywords": "Convergent thinking, Creativity, Divergent thinking, Double-blind, Field study, Microdosing, Placebo-controlled, Psychedelics, Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive Psychology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:52", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:30", "raw_json": "{\"osf_id\":\"emcxw_v1\",\"version\":1,\"reviews_state\":\"accepted\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Creativity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5087, "title": "Psilocybin: the magic medicine for depression?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin the magic medicine for depression", "authors": "Amber Elyse Corrigan, Ella Burchill, Lucy Pelton, Alessia Marrocu, Adele Mazzoleni, Lydia Shackshaft", "abstract": "Aims Depression is the single largest contributor to global disability. However, effective treatments are currently lacking, resulting in a significant burden of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, found as the active compound in 'magic mushrooms', has been proposed as a novel therapeutic avenue for TRD. We aimed to evaluate the future feasibility and implications of psilocybin as a new antidepressant therapy. Method We reviewed and critically analysed the available literature on the efficacy and safety of psilocybin as a treatment for depression, and the potential pharmacological and psychological mechanisms of the therapeutic benefit. We discussed the relative contributions to this therapeutic effect of the pharmacological drug treatment, placebo effects, and the context and parameters of the psychotherapeutic experience. We reviewed legal, social, and economic barriers to primary research and clinical implementation. Result Psilocybin in combination with psychotherapy has been shown to be safe and effective in TRD. Its mechanism of action in TRD has not been fully elucidated, however reviewing functional neuroimaging studies demonstrated disparate short and long-term modifications of default mode network connectivity, suggested to represent a ‘reset’ mechanism of acute modular disintegration and subsequent reintegration which restores normal function, reviving emotional responsiveness. Research suggests psychedelic treatment induces lasting personality, belief and attitude changes. The psychedelic drug itself, the context of the psychotherapeutic experience, and the post-drug integration therapy all appear to have a significant role. Preparation prior to treatment, the environment, context and support during the psychedelic experience itself, and the following long-term integration and support process must be considered. Despite novel findings Psilocybin is a Schedule I drug; this imposes a persisting ethical barrier to clinical use. Prohibition of psilocybin results in high costs of drug supply, and potential for harmful drug-seeking behaviours. Therefore, complex socio-political factors currently limit wider implementation. Conclusion Psilocybin in combination with psychotherapy is safe and effective in TRD. The interacting and elusive therapeutic mechanisms have implications for clinical implementation. Preparation prior to treatment, the physical and social environment in which the psychedelic experience takes place, and long-term integration and support are considered to play a significant role. Optimisation of these parameters and cost-benefit analyses are required prior to this being feasible as a widely available therapy. Systemic legislative, political and social change will also be key to enable widespread clinical use. The promise of this therapy on a background of inadequate current antidepressant treatments indicates these must be a priority.", "journal": "BJPsych Open", "publication_date": "2021-05-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1192/bjo.2021.456", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.456", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Context (archaeology), Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Paleontology, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3173209673\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3173209673\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031805082\",\"display_name\":\"Amber Elyse Corrigan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-0114\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004172567\",\"display_name\":\"Ella Burchill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-8844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007359388\",\"display_name\":\"Lucy Pelton\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023201944\",\"display_name\":\"Alessia Marrocu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-4870\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015600435\",\"display_name\":\"Adele Mazzoleni\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-105X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033009428\",\"display_name\":\"Lydia Shackshaft\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-0488\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764831659\",\"source_display_name\":\"BJPsych Open\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.456\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3173209673" }, { "id": 3385, "title": "Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, or Substance Use Disorders", "normalized_title": "psychedelic assisted psychotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder anxiety disorders mood disorders or substance use disorders", "authors": "Chao YS, Horton J.", "abstract": "Hallucinogens include many different drugs, which are often called “psychedelic” drugs. The US National Institute on Drug Abuse categorizes these drugs into 2 categories: classic hallucinogens and dissociative drugs. Both types of psychedelics can lead to hallucinations - sensations and images that seem real although they are imaginary. In addition, an individual using dissociative drugs can feel out of control or disconnected from their body and environment. Classic serotonergic psychedelics act primarily by a complete or partial agonist action on brain serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors. Examples of classic psychedelics are LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, and ayahuasca (also identified as N,N- dimethyltryptamine [DMT]). Examples of dissociative drugs are phencyclidine, ketamine, dextromethorphan, and Salvia (Salvia divinorum). Psychedelics were tested for clinical use prior to the 1960s. However, methodological issues in clinical trials and political concerns have prevented the use of psychedelics in mainstream medicine. In 2010, it was reported that psychedelics were used by more than 30 million consumers in the US. Clinically, researchers acknowledge psychedelics as a potential effective drug for mental health conditions. Researchers and clinicians are testing the clinical effectiveness of psychedelics for mental illness treatment due to the improvement in research methods that reduce ethical and methodological concerns toward psychedelic trials. The wider application of psychedelics has also been motivated by a perceived lack of innovation in mental illness treatment. The number of new molecular entities for psychiatric conditions approved by the US FDA decreased from 13 in 1996 to 1 in 2016. One example of the psychedelics adopted for treatment is ketamine (not used in combination with psychotherapies) that has been used for the treatment of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as reviewed in 2 CADTH reports. Other psychedelics, such as psilocybin and ayahuasca are increasingly being tested for their efficacy in treating mental illnesses. In addition to their use as stand-alone agents, psychedelics can be used in combination with psychotherapy (i.e., psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy). There are a wide variety of psychotherapies that may be used for the treatment of mental health conditions, including guided support that helps patients focus inward on their thoughts and better facilitate participant introspection and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) that combines different types of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is often led by licensed professionals with training in administering psychedelics and monitoring their use. Psychedelics may work by altering a patient’s consciousness. They may also affect a patient’s subjective perspectives and approaches to processing thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, thereby providing an alternative therapeutic experience to psychotherapy alone. While psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has been recently tried in patients with anxiety, depression, substance use disorder, and PTSD, some researchers consider the treatment response to be unsatisfactory in patients with mood disorder. This report aims to summarize the clinical effectiveness and safety of psychedelic drug-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or substance use disorders, in addition to clinical guidelines for the use of psychedelic drug-assisted psychotherapy.", "journal": "Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa (ON)", "publication_date": "2021-05-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "36170470", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36170470", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:52", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"36170470\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa (ON)\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Healthcare Workers,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5091, "title": "The need for publicly funded research on therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs", "normalized_title": "the need for publicly funded research on therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs", "authors": "Wayne Hall", "abstract": "A psychedelic drug is one that “produces thought, mood and perceptual changes otherwise rarely experienced except in dreams, contemplative and religious exaltation, flashes of vivid involuntary memory, and acute psychosis”1. It does so “without causing physical addiction, craving, major physiological disturbances, delirium, disorientation or amnesia”1. The “classic psychedelics” include mescaline, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and plant-based substances such as ibogaine and ayahuasca. Their chemical structures differ, but they all act on the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor1. 3,4-methylenedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA) is also included, although it does not produce the perceptual effects of the classic psychedelics2. Over the past two decades, there has been a revival of clinical research on the therapeutic use of psilocybin and MDMA2, 3. This research has been encouraged by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because in phase 2 trials these drugs have produced substantial benefits, respectively, in patients with treatment-resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)3. Funding for psychedelic research has largely been philanthropic, because the pharmaceutical industry is not interested in drugs that are off patent. The new psychedelic research that is being done in leading universities in the US and Europe includes randomized controlled trials conducted to the standard required for FDA approval3. Psilocybin has been chosen rather than LSD, because it has a shorter period of action (4-6 hours vs. 8-12 hours), its pharmacology is better understood, it is less likely to produce “bad trips”, and it does not carry the cultural baggage of LSD3. Clinical trials have also been done on MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in PTSD. If phase 3 trials confirm the results of phase 1 and 2 studies, psilocybin is likely to be approved for treatment-resistant depression, and for depression and anxiety in patients with terminal cancer. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy may also be approved to treat PTSD. A major challenge in conducting randomized placebo-controlled trials of psychedelics is that it is impossible for patients and therapists not to be aware of who has been given a psychedelic drug4. Recent trials have used an “active placebo”, such as methylphenidate or dextroamphetamine, or used low, moderate and high doses of the psychedelic drug to see if treatment effects are related to dose5. It has been argued6 that psilocybin has a low abuse potential, because it does not produce euphoria in humans or self-administration in animals, and there are much lower rates of regular use of this drug in population surveys than for cannabis, cocaine and opioids. Furthermore, users rapidly develop tolerance to its effects and so do not persist in using it. Studerus et al4 reported very few acute, subacute and long-term effects of psilocybin in 110 participants in laboratory studies followed up for 8-16 months. This was a select group in that persons with a family or personal history of psychiatric disorders were excluded and 40% had used a psychedelic drug at least once. The short-term adverse effects were minor: fatigue, headache, lack of energy, and difficulty concentrating the day after. Eleven individuals reported “negative changes in psychological well-being and/or mental functions” after the psilocybin session. One reported “persistent emotional instability, anxiety and depressive feelings” that he “attributed to suppressed memories” released by the drug. He recovered after receiving psychotherapy. Psilocybin has been described as a “disruptive” treatment because a single dose produces an immediate clinical response - unlike selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that require two weeks of treatment - and its benefits are sustained for six months in a substantial proportion of patients2, 3. It also appears to act by different mechanisms than SSRIs and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)2. The major limitations of the current evidence for psychedelic drugs are interconnected. In the absence of pharmaceutical industry interest, limited support from philanthropic sources has funded the research, restricting trials to relatively small samples of patients because of the cost of doing larger studies. The persons who have done the research believe in the therapeutic value of psychedelic drugs. This is to be expected, given the history of psychedelics and the reputational challenges in conducting clinical research on them. If psychedelic drugs are introduced in clinical practice, there is a risk that their use will get ahead of the evidence on their safety and efficacy, in much the same way that “medical cannabis” has done7. If psilocybin is approved for treatment-resistant depression, patients and prescribers are likely to demand its use as a first-line treatment for severe depression rather than requiring that patients first fail to respond to SSRIs and other antidepressants. It is unclear whether the FDA and other drug regulators will require trials of psilocybin as a first-line treatment. There may also be demands to use psilocybin off-label to treat anxiety disorders. If MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is approved to treat PTSD, there may be demands to use MDMA off-label to treat other anxiety and depressive disorders. If the criteria for who is a qualified therapist are relaxed, MDMA may be used to treat unhappiness, anxiety and existential angst. The evidence may be used to argue for compassionate access to other psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, mescaline and DMT. It is uncertain if the use of psychedelics will remain under medical supervision for approved disorders, or whether their use will be advocated for spiritual and other nonmedical purposes. A combination of libertarian and utilitarian arguments may be used to justify the legalization of adult use of these drugs for any purpose, because they cause little harm to users and have a low abuse potential8. There may also be demands for compassionate access to plant-based psychedelic drugs in advance of any research evidence. US states may pass citizen-initiated referenda to legalize the medical use of psychedelic mushrooms and plants, such as ibogaine and ayahuasca, by appealing to the putative “entourage” effects of whole plants and the misconception that medicines derived from plants are safer than “synthetic” pharmaceuticals9. For all these reasons, we need public funding of independent evaluations of the efficacy of psychedelic drugs. Trials should involve larger numbers of patients who are representative of those clinical disorders for which these drugs may be used, and should include longer-term follow-up evaluations of safety and sustainability of favorable outcomes.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-05-17", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1002/wps.20847", "pubmed_id": "34002493", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20847", "keywords": "Medicine, MEDLINE, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Law, Political science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3162774823\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3162774823\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616187260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2800521306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025423907\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053840112\",\"display_name\":\"Wayne Hall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-0096\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S183644930\",\"source_display_name\":\"World Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20847\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Observational Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3162774823" }, { "id": 3269, "title": "LSD and psilocybin flatten the brain’s energy landscape: insights from receptor-informed network control theory", "normalized_title": "lsd and psilocybin flatten the brain s energy landscape insights from receptor informed network control theory", "authors": "Singleton SP, Luppi AI, Carhart-Harris RL, Cruzat J, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Stamatakis EA, Kuceyeski A.", "abstract": "Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin offer a powerful window into the function of the human brain and mind, by temporarily altering subjective experience through their neurochemical effects. A recent model postulates that serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor agonism allows the brain to explore its dynamic landscape more readily, as reflected by more diverse (entropic) brain activity. We postulate that this increase in entropy may arise in part from a flattening of the brain’s control energy landscape, which can be observed using network control theory to quantify the energy required to transition between recurrent brain states measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals under LSD, psilocybin, and placebo conditions. We show that LSD and psilocybin reduce the amount of control energy required for brain state transitions, and, furthermore, that, across individuals, LSD’s reduction in control energy correlates with more frequent state transitions and increased entropy of brain state dynamics. Through network control analysis that incorporates the spatial distribution of 5-HT2a receptors from publicly available (non-drug) positron emission tomography (PET) maps, we demonstrate the specific role of this receptor in reducing control energy. Our findings provide evidence that 5-HT2a receptor agonist compounds allow for more facile state transitions and more temporally diverse brain activity. More broadly, by combining receptor-informed network control theory with pharmacological modulation, our work highlights the potential of this approach in studying the impacts of targeted neuropharmacological manipulation on brain activity dynamics. Significance Statement We present a multi-modal framework for quantifying the effects of two psychedelic drugs (LSD and psilocybin) on brain dynamics by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion MRI (dMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and network control theory. Our findings provide evidence that psychedelics flatten the brain’s control energy landscape, allowing for more facile state transitions and more temporally diverse brain activity. We also demonstrate that the spatial distribution of serotonin 2a receptors - the main target of LSD and psilocybin - is optimized for generating these effects. This approach could be used to understand how drugs act on different receptors in the brain to influence brain activity dynamics.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2021-05-16", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1101/2021.05.14.444193", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.14.444193", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR341322\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5093, "title": "A utilização terapêutica da psilocibina como coadjuvante no tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior: uma revisão narrativa de literatura / The therapeutic use of psilocybin as an adjunct in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a narrative literature review", "normalized_title": "a utilização terapêutica da psilocibina como coadjuvante no tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior uma revisão narrativa de literatura the therapeutic use of psilocybin as an adjunct in the treatment of major depressive disorder a narrative literature review", "authors": "Fabiana Venancio Santana Silva, Alexandre Libanio Silva Reis, Amanda Prazeres Costa, Maria Carolaine Souza da Silva, Rafaela da Conceição de Lemos, Elisângela Marcionilo Da Conceição, Joyce Kelly Soares da Silva, Carlos Alberto Tiburcio Valeriano, David Filipe de Santana", "abstract": "Dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) informam que a depressão circunda entre as doenças mais incapacitantes do mundo, estimando-se que mais de 300 milhões de pessoas sofram com esta patologia. A psilocibina é um princípio ativo extraído do cogumelo do gênero Psilocybe de natureza química semelhante ao neurotransmissor serotonina (5- hidroxitriptamina) e a sua ação fisiológica em humanos deve-se à sua ligação primária aos receptores serotonérgicos cerebrais de maneira agonista, promovendo maior absorção de serotonina na fenda sináptica, sendo o receptor 5-HT2A o de maior afinidade. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura (RNL) e possui como objetivo promover o conhecimento científico acerca da psilocibina tendo em vista o seu potencial terapêutico sobre o transtorno depressivo maior, pois a depressão também está relacionada ao hipofuncionamento bioquímico da atividade de neurotransmissores entre eles a noradrenalina, dopamina e serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina) e quando uma ou mais destas substâncias não se encontram em quantidade suficiente na fenda sináptica, os hormônios causadores de emoções como alegria, euforia e bem estar não são produzidos pelo sistema nervoso, podendo assim se iniciar os sinais e sintomas da depressão. Logo, a importância de programas como este em faculdades e universidades faz-se necessário para que mais pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas e estimuladas nesta área.", "journal": "Brazilian Journal of Health Review", "publication_date": "2021-05-02", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.34119/bjhrv4n3-012", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n3-012", "keywords": "Psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychology and Mental Health", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3164004836\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3164004836\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049808073\",\"display_name\":\"Fabiana Venancio Santana Silva\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084240116\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandre Libanio Silva Reis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-2311\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005118266\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Prazeres Costa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005968220\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Carolaine Souza da Silva\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025226599\",\"display_name\":\"Rafaela da Conceição de Lemos\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034763912\",\"display_name\":\"Elisângela Marcionilo Da Conceição\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019390566\",\"display_name\":\"Joyce Kelly Soares da Silva\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012495725\",\"display_name\":\"Carlos Alberto Tiburcio Valeriano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-3372\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071810090\",\"display_name\":\"David Filipe de Santana\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210177346\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brazilian Journal of Health Review\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n3-012\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3164004836" }, { "id": 5095, "title": "Non-Traditional Psychotherapy Techniques: An Assessment of the Value of MDMA, Psilocybin and LSD.", "normalized_title": "non traditional psychotherapy techniques an assessment of the value of mdma psilocybin and lsd", "authors": "Madison Hagood", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-04-30", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://repository.asu.edu/items/63943", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Value (mathematics), Psychology, Psychotherapist, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Medicine, Computer science, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Machine learning, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3205112733\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3205112733\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054929861\",\"display_name\":\"Madison Hagood\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://repository.asu.edu/items/63943\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3205112733" }, { "id": 2157, "title": "Clinical and biological predictors of psychedelic response in the treatment of psychiatric and addictive disorders: A systematic review.", "normalized_title": "clinical and biological predictors of psychedelic response in the treatment of psychiatric and addictive disorders a systematic review", "authors": "Romeo B, Hermand M, Pétillion A, Karila L, Benyamina A", "abstract": "The use of psychedelic treatments has shown very promising results in some psychiatric and addictive disorders, but not all patients achieved a response. The aim of this review is to explore the clinical and biological factors which could predict the response to psychedelics in psychiatric and addictive disorders. A systematic research was performed on MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Web of science, and Scopus databases from January 1990 to May 2020. All studies investigating the predictive factors of response to psychedelics regardless of psychiatric or addictive disorders, were included. Twenty studies investigating addictive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with life-threatening cancer were included in this review. We found that, in all indications, the main predictive factor of response to psychedelics is the intensity of the acute psychedelic experience. Indeed, we found this factor for alcohol and tobacco use disorders, treatment-resistant depression, and anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with life-threatening cancer, but not for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The intensity of the acute psychedelic experience was the main predicting factor of response. The action mechanism of this experience was not clear, but some hypotheses could be made, such as a modulation of serotoninergic system by 5-HT2A receptors agonism, a modulation of the default mode network (DMN) with an acute modular disintegration of the DMN followed by a re-integration of this network with a normal functioning, or an anti-inflammatory effect of this treatment.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "publication_date": "2021-04-30", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.002", "pubmed_id": "33730602", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33730602/", "keywords": "Addictive disorders, Ayahuasca, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Psychiatric disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"33730602\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Systematic Review,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5100, "title": "Altered Prediction-Error Processing May Underlie Psilocybin-Induced Changes in Self-Processing", "normalized_title": "altered prediction error processing may underlie psilocybin induced changes in self processing", "authors": "Katrin H. Preller", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-04-26", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.036", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.036", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anorexia nervosa, Psychology, Perception, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Depression (economics), Anorexia, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Eating disorders, Internal medicine, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3159723459\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3159723459\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.036\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Eating Disorders,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3159723459" }, { "id": 3441, "title": "Direct Comparison of Altered States of Consciousness Induced by LSD and Psilocybin in a Random-order Placebo-controlled Cross-over Study in Healthy Subjects", "normalized_title": "direct comparison of altered states of consciousness induced by lsd and psilocybin in a random order placebo controlled cross over study in healthy subjects", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and psilocybin (the active substance in \"magic mushrooms\") are widely used for recreational purposes. Both substances are also increasingly used in psychiatric and psychological research to induce and investigate alterations in waking consciousness and associated brain functions (functional brain imaging, \"model psychosis\"). However, it has never been studied whether there are differences in the alterations in mind produced by these two substances. Both LSD and psilocybin are thought to induce hallucinations primarily via stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor. However, there are differences in the receptor activation profiles between the two substances that may also induce different subjective effects. LSD potently stimulates the 5-HT2A receptor but also 5-HT2B/C, 5-HT1 and D1-3 receptors. Psilocin (the active metabolite of the prodrug psilocybin) also stimulates the 5-HT2A receptor but additionally inhibits the 5-HT transporter. In contrast to LSD, psilocybin has no affinity for D2 receptors. Both substances are used in neuroscience as pharmacological tools. However, there are no modern studies comparing these two substances directly within the same clinical study and research subjects and using validated psychometric tools. Therefore, the investigators will compare the acute effects of LSD, psilocybin and placebo.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2021-04-26", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03604744", "keywords": "Healthy, LSD, Psilocybin, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT03604744\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"EARLY_PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2163, "title": "Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans.", "normalized_title": "molecular and functional imaging studies of psychedelic drug action in animals and humans", "authors": "Cumming P, Scheidegger M, Dornbierer D, Palner M, Quednow BB, Martin-Soelch C.", "abstract": "Hallucinogens are a loosely defined group of compounds including LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamines, mescaline, psilocybin/psilocin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methamphetamine (DOM), which can evoke intense visual and emotional experiences. We are witnessing a renaissance of research interest in hallucinogens, driven by increasing awareness of their psychotherapeutic potential. As such, we now present a narrative review of the literature on hallucinogen binding in vitro and ex vivo, and the various molecular imaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). In general, molecular imaging can depict the uptake and binding distribution of labelled hallucinogenic compounds or their congeners in the brain, as was shown in an early PET study with N1-([11C]-methyl)-2-bromo-LSD ([11C]-MBL); displacement with the non-radioactive competitor ketanserin confirmed that the majority of [11C]-MBL specific binding was to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. However, interactions at serotonin 5HT1A and other classes of receptors and pleotropic effects on second messenger pathways may contribute to the particular experiential phenomenologies of LSD and other hallucinogenic compounds. Other salient aspects of hallucinogen action include permeability to the blood-brain barrier, the rates of metabolism and elimination, and the formation of active metabolites. Despite the maturation of radiochemistry and molecular imaging in recent years, there has been only a handful of PET or SPECT studies of radiolabeled hallucinogens, most recently using the 5-HT2A/2C agonist N-(2[11CH3O]-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy- 4-bromophenethylamine ([11C]Cimbi-36). In addition to PET studies of target engagement at neuroreceptors and transporters, there is a small number of studies on the effects of hallucinogenic compounds on cerebral perfusion ([15O]-water) or metabolism ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose/FDG). There remains considerable scope for basic imaging research on the sites of interaction of hallucinogens and their cerebrometabolic effects; we expect that hybrid imaging with PET in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) should provide especially useful for the next phase of this research.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-04-21", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/molecules26092451", "pubmed_id": "33922330", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092451", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Carrier Proteins, Hallucinogens, Positron-Emission Tomography, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Drug Monitoring, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Molecular Structure, Protein Binding, Energy Metabolism, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Molecular Imaging, Biomarkers, Clinical Studies as Topic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33922330\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Aging,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5104, "title": "O papel da Psilocibina no tratamento de depressão resistente / The role of Psilocybin in the treatment of resistant depression", "normalized_title": "o papel da psilocibina no tratamento de depressão resistente the role of psilocybin in the treatment of resistant depression", "authors": "Giovanni Pereira Pio, Aline Moreira Vitorino, Naira Braga Aidar, Alissa Amoras Magalhães, Eduardo Cammerer Mombelli, Gabriela Marques Ferraz, Rodrigo Pereira Pio", "abstract": "Introdução: A depressão é um transtorno psiquiátrico caracterizado por episódios agudos ou recorrentes de humor deprimido e perda de interesse ou prazer, levando a prejuízos funcionais ao paciente. A psilocibina é uma droga psicodélica com propriedades alucinógenas e serotoninérgicas derivada de cogumelos do gênero Psilocybe. Estudos recentes demonstram potenciais efeitos terapêuticos dessa substância em pacientes com depressão refratária. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, com busca ativa de artigos, na biblioteca Pubmed. A estratégia de busca para a biblioteca utilizou a pesquisa com os descritores: “psilocibina”, “depressão”, “tratamento” e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa. Foram filtradas publicações em todos os períodos. Dentre os 88 estudos inicialmente filtrados, foram selecionadas 8 publicações que mais se adequaram à temática e que apresentavam maior relevância. Foram excluídos estudos com metodologias contestáveis e estudos diferentes de Ensaios Clínicos; Revisões Sistemáticas; Meta-Análises e Testes Controlados Randomizados, além dos trabalhos publicados em revista com Qualis inferior à B3. Discussão: A psilocibina é um agonista do receptor de serotonina e um psicodélico clássico encontrado em alguns cogumelos. O efeito psicodélico dessa droga é mediado especificamente pelo agonista do receptor de serotonina (5-HT2A), com algum efeito em receptores (5-HT1A e 5-HT2C), sem efeitos diretos em receptores dopaminérgicos. Esse fármaco atua no córtex pré-frontal medial, reduzindo seu fluxo sanguíneo e normalizando sua hiperatividade. Este mecanismo altera a atividade cerebral indutora do humor depressivo. Desta maneira, a substância caracteriza uma nova farmacocinética entre os antidepressivos, visto que os inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina não são agonistas diretos do receptor 5-HT2A. Conclusão: A psilocibina tem potencial terapêutico promissor no campo do tratamento para depressão resistente. Contudo, destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas com maiores amostras de voluntários, principalmente no que diz à sua aplicabilidade, assim como determinar uma dose mais eficaz.", "journal": "Brazilian Journal of Health Review", "publication_date": "2021-04-18", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.34119/bjhrv4n2-395", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n2-395", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychology and Mental Health", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3164048627\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3164048627\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089947715\",\"display_name\":\"Giovanni Pereira Pio\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059166227\",\"display_name\":\"Aline Moreira Vitorino\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005442546\",\"display_name\":\"Naira Braga Aidar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087473536\",\"display_name\":\"Alissa Amoras Magalhães\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031348760\",\"display_name\":\"Eduardo Cammerer Mombelli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014249503\",\"display_name\":\"Gabriela Marques Ferraz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071204402\",\"display_name\":\"Rodrigo Pereira Pio\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210177346\",\"source_display_name\":\"Brazilian Journal of Health Review\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n2-395\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3164048627" }, { "id": 5113, "title": "Psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: What do we know so far?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder what do we know so far", "authors": "Nelson Descalço, Ana Beatriz Medeiros, Cátia Fernandes Santos, Guilherme Borges", "abstract": "Introduction Psilocybin is a naturally occurring plant alkaloid in mushrooms and a prodrug of psilocin. It is a serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) agonist and known psychedelic, with similar hallucinatory properties to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It has been identified as a safe and effective option in treatment-resistant depression. Literature focus mainly on its use on depressive but its interest in other psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has grown. Objectives To review the clinical evidence for the use of hallucinogens such as psilocybin in OCD. Methods Non-systematic review of literature found on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using the keywords “obsessive-compulsive disorder”, “psilocybin” and “hallucinogens”. Articles may include clinical trials, case report or case series. Articles found were admitted according to their relevance for the topic in review; only articles in English were included. Ongoing research trials on this topic were checked on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results So far, only one open-label non-randomized study directly assessed the effects of psilocybin on OCD patients that found acute reductions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Case reports of patients improving with off-label use of psilocybin are reported. There are two ongoing phase I research trials, aiming to explore the effect of the substance on symptomatology, hypothesizing that psilocybin will normalize cerebral connectivity and thus correlate with clinical improvement. Conclusions More research to establish the usefulness of psilocybin in OCD patients is needed; the collected data is encouraging are there may be a role for its use on this disorder.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-03-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1114", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1114", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Obsessive compulsive, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical trial, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Mental Health Research Topics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4212954018\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4212954018\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041784838\",\"display_name\":\"Nelson Descalço\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-5768\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064152910\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Beatriz Medeiros\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-5611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017783395\",\"display_name\":\"Cátia Fernandes Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-0123\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027957855\",\"display_name\":\"Guilherme Borges\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-0507\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1114\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4212954018" }, { "id": 5112, "title": "Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on treatment-resistant depression", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin assisted therapy on treatment resistant depression", "authors": "A. Fraga, Daniel Esteves-Sousa, João Facucho-Oliveira, Margarida Albuquerque, M. Costa, Paulo Santos, Nuno Moura, A. Moutinho", "abstract": "Introduction Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent clinical condition, affecting more than 300 million individuals worldwide. About 1/3 of patients with MDD fail to achieve remission despite treatment with multiple antidepressants and are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel antidepressants with rapid and sustained effects on mood and cognition could represent a breakthrough in the TRD and may potentially improve or save lives. Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, more commonly found in the Psilocybe mushrooms has a combined serotonergic and glutamatergic action. The preliminary evidence of antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy indicates the potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy as a novel antidepressant intervention. Objectives The authors elaborate a narrative literature review about the effects of Psilocybin-based therapy on patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression. Methods PubMed database searched using the terms “Treatment-Resistant Depression AND Psilocybin” and targeting clinical trials. References of selected articles and review articles were also assessed. Results 2 articles evaluate psilocybin effects in 32 patients with TRD and showed that two doses of psilocybin alongside psychological support significantly reduces depressive symptoms. All patients presented some reduction in symptoms from baseline to one week after the second dose and reproduced immediate and substantial improvements in depression that ultimately could sustain up to 6 months. Conclusions Psilocybin-assisted therapy is a very appealing new possibility in the treatment of depression. However, due to the small populations of the existing trials, future studies are needed to prove this positive association and to fully understand Psilocybin’s mechanisms of actions and effects. Disclosure No significant relationships.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2021-03-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1836", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1836", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Treatment-resistant depression, Hallucinogen, Antidepressant, Depression (economics), Psychology, Psychiatry, Serotonergic, Mood, Obsessive compulsive, Clinical psychology, Major depressive disorder, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Internal medicine, Anxiety, Serotonin, Economics, Macroeconomics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Mental Health Research Topics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:51:59", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3212256162\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3212256162\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052285132\",\"display_name\":\"A. Fraga\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032989537\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Esteves-Sousa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033862913\",\"display_name\":\"João Facucho-Oliveira\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-7915\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027164298\",\"display_name\":\"Margarida Albuquerque\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-8444\"},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"M. Costa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075303101\",\"display_name\":\"Paulo Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-3447\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027654106\",\"display_name\":\"Nuno Moura\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-7791\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113724831\",\"display_name\":\"A. Moutinho\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1836\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3212256162" }, { "id": 2165, "title": "Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression.", "normalized_title": "trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression", "authors": "Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R, Baker-Jones M, Murphy-Beiner A, Murphy R, Martell J, Blemings A, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin may have antidepressant properties, but direct comparisons between psilocybin and established treatments for depression are lacking.MethodsIn a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving patients with long-standing, moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we compared psilocybin with escitalopram, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, over a 6-week period. Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two separate doses of 25 mg of psilocybin 3 weeks apart plus 6 weeks of daily placebo (psilocybin group) or two separate doses of 1 mg of psilocybin 3 weeks apart plus 6 weeks of daily oral escitalopram (escitalopram group); all the patients received psychological support. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the score on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR-16; scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater depression) at week 6. There were 16 secondary outcomes, including QIDS-SR-16 response (defined as a reduction in score of >50%) and QIDS-SR-16 remission (defined as a score of ≤5) at week 6.ResultsA total of 59 patients were enrolled; 30 were assigned to the psilocybin group and 29 to the escitalopram group. The mean scores on the QIDS-SR-16 at baseline were 14.5 in the psilocybin group and 16.4 in the escitalopram group. The mean (±SE) changes in the scores from baseline to week 6 were -8.0±1.0 points in the psilocybin group and -6.0±1.0 in the escitalopram group, for a between-group difference of 2.0 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.0 to 0.9) (P = 0.17). A QIDS-SR-16 response occurred in 70% of the patients in the psilocybin group and in 48% of those in the escitalopram group, for a between-group difference of 22 percentage points (95% CI, -3 to 48); QIDS-SR-16 remission occurred in 57% and 28%, respectively, for a between-group difference of 28 percentage points (95% CI, 2 to 54). Other secondary outcomes generally favored psilocybin over escitalopram, but the analyses were not corrected for multiple comparisons. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the trial groups.ConclusionsOn the basis of the change in depression scores on the QIDS-SR-16 at week 6, this trial did not show a significant difference in antidepressant effects between psilocybin and escitalopram in a selected group of patients. Secondary outcomes generally favored psilocybin over escitalopram, but the analyses of these outcomes lacked correction for multiple comparisons. Larger and longer trials are required to compare psilocybin with established antidepressants. (Funded by the Alexander Mosley Charitable Trust and Imperial College London's Centre for Psychedelic Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03429075.).", "journal": "New England Journal of Medicine", "publication_date": "2021-03-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2032994", "pubmed_id": "33852780", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2032994", "keywords": "Humans, Citalopram, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Double-Blind Method, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33852780\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3156937150\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1365,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067271431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082645015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149402043\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169083980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279122780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788337440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3100714436\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211263234\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061472267\",\"display_name\":\"Bruna Giribaldi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110662235\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalind Watts\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055877835\",\"display_name\":\"Michelle Baker-Jones\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020659258\",\"display_name\":\"Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111666675\",\"display_name\":\"Roberta Murphy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036560266\",\"display_name\":\"Jonny Martell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7669\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048534479\",\"display_name\":\"Allan Blemings\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S62468778\",\"source_display_name\":\"New England Journal of Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2032994\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3156937150" }, { "id": 2161, "title": "Harnessing psilocybin: antidepressant-like behavioral and synaptic actions of psilocybin are independent of 5-HT2R activation in mice.", "normalized_title": "harnessing psilocybin antidepressant like behavioral and synaptic actions of psilocybin are independent of 5 ht2r activation in mice", "authors": "Hesselgrave N, Troppoli TA, Wulff AB, Cole AB, Thompson SM.", "abstract": "Depression is a widespread and devastating mental illness and the search for rapid-acting antidepressants remains critical. There is now exciting evidence that the psychedelic compound psilocybin produces not only powerful alterations of consciousness, but also rapid and persistent antidepressant effects. How psilocybin exerts its therapeutic actions is not known, but it is widely presumed that these actions require altered consciousness, which is known to be dependent on serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation. This hypothesis has never been tested, however. We therefore asked whether psilocybin would exert antidepressant-like responses in mice and, if so, whether these responses required 5-HT2AR activation. Using chronically stressed male mice, we observed that a single injection of psilocybin reversed anhedonic responses assessed with the sucrose preference and female urine preference tests. The antianhedonic response to psilocybin was accompanied by a strengthening of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus-a characteristic of traditional and fast-acting antidepressants. Neither behavioral nor electrophysiological responses to psilocybin were prevented by pretreatment with the 5-HT2A/2C antagonist ketanserin, despite positive evidence of ketanserin's efficacy. We conclude that psilocybin's mechanism of antidepressant action can be studied in animal models and suggest that altered perception may not be required for its antidepressant effects. We further suggest that a 5-HT2AR-independent restoration of synaptic strength in cortico-mesolimbic reward circuits may contribute to its antidepressant action. The possibility of combining psychedelic compounds and a 5-HT2AR antagonist offers a potential means to increase their acceptance and clinical utility and should be studied in human depression.", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publication_date": "2021-03-31", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2022489118", "pubmed_id": "33850049", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022489118", "keywords": "Hippocampus, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Ketanserin, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2, Hallucinogens, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Depression, Stress, Psychological, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33850049\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3155245221\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":377,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970161990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022226778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033034887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035310051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088861514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142688387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2464926909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2511946169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2770049007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791671940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933289315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2935995671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2955504961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982340372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112535936\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113263685\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041352402\",\"display_name\":\"Natalie Hesselgrave\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063775365\",\"display_name\":\"Timothy A. Troppoli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052734002\",\"display_name\":\"Andreas B. Wulff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-4330\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029103940\",\"display_name\":\"Anthony B. Cole\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-5158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028162083\",\"display_name\":\"Scott M. Thompson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-9049\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S125754415\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022489118\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3155245221" }, { "id": 2147, "title": "Cannabis-induced oceanic boundlessness.", "normalized_title": "cannabis induced oceanic boundlessness", "authors": "Earleywine M, Ueno LF, Mian MN, Altman BR.", "abstract": "BackgroundDespite tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)'s reputation for creating dramatic effects at high doses, empirical work rarely addresses cannabis's impact on subjective responses common to the tryptamine psychedelics. We focused on these effects because they have preceded and covaried with the therapeutic impact of psilocybin in previous work.AimsThe current study examined if self-reported responses to cannabis products might parallel those found in clinical trials of psilocybin administration. We also investigated if measures of demographics and cannabis use might correlate with these responses.MethodsParticipants reported the subjective effect of their highest THC experience using 27 items that assess oceanic boundlessness, a correlate of mystical experiences. They also answered infrequency items and questions on demographics and cannabis consumption.ResultsIn an effort to address concerns about replication, we divided respondents who passed infrequency items into two random samples. Self-reported \"breakthrough\" experiences were significantly greater than zero but significantly lower than those reported in randomized clinical trials of psilocybin (17-19% vs. 59%). Total scores covaried with perceived dosages of THC, but only in one sample. Heavier users of cannabis reported lower scores.ConclusionsSelf-report data suggest that high doses of cannabis can create subjective effects comparable to those identified in trials of psilocybin that precede relief from cancer-related distress, treatment-resistant depression, alcohol problems, and cigarette dependence. Given the disparate mechanisms of action, comparing THC-induced to psilocybin-induced effects might improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying subjective experiences. This work might also support the development of a cannabis-assisted psychotherapy comparable to psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-03-27", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1177/0269881121997099", "pubmed_id": "33779383", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121997099", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Dronabinol", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33779383\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3151652679\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3151652679\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":36,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W593791618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603509204\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966963529\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978737075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008032892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022336627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030021261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061139168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061540970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078135084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082153535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085691122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121535479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122063286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141746953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162445884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2238876402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286619620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337912130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340256041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473123625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492473231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585493186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2594222852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604365947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2618935900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2724805291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2795495768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890221055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891256775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919176916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950747661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962285119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964127416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2965908387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2978988552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2979695050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981280520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981779913\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014579665\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018399375\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027835371\",\"https://openalex.org/W3088893658\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093269897\",\"https://openalex.org/W3113026224\",\"https://openalex.org/W3133510121\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234523729\",\"https://openalex.org/W4237844050\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090993398\",\"display_name\":\"Mitch Earleywine\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-0623\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090782374\",\"display_name\":\"Luna F. Ueno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-5231\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069529785\",\"display_name\":\"Maha N. Mian\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7820\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038304952\",\"display_name\":\"Brianna R. Altman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-2939\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121997099\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Adolescents,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3151652679" }, { "id": 2175, "title": "Hallucinogenic/psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics: Evidence and mechanisms of action.", "normalized_title": "hallucinogenic psychedelic 5ht2a receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics evidence and mechanisms of action", "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Hallak JE, Baker G, Dursun S.", "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide, and it is associated with a reduced quality of life and enormous costs to health care systems. Available drug treatments show low-to-moderate response in most patients, with almost a third of patients being non-responders (treatment-resistant). Furthermore, most currently available medications need several weeks to achieve therapeutic effects, and the long-term use of these drugs is often associated with significant unwanted side effects and resultant reductions in treatment compliance. Therefore, more effective, safer, and faster-acting antidepressants with enduring effects are needed. Together with ketamine, psychedelics (or classic or serotoninergic hallucinogens) such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and ayahuasca are among the few compounds with recent human evidence of fast-acting antidepressant effects. Several studies in the 1950s to 1970s reported antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of these drugs, which are being confirmed by modern trials (LSD, one trial; psilocybin, five trials; ayahuasca, two trials). The effects of these drugs appear to be produced primarily by their agonism at serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors, especially the 5-HT2A receptor. Considering the overall burden of MDD and the necessity of new therapeutic options, the promising (but currently limited) evidence of safety and efficacy of psychedelics has encouraged the scientific community to explore more fully their beneficial effects in MDD.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-03-18", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1177/0269881120986422", "pubmed_id": "33740877", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120986422", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Depressive Disorder, Clinical Trials as Topic, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33740877\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3137933781\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3137933781\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":51,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W184284683\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1918269093\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993197174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008525776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012834083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021282200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037606383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050472078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055277208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105571318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128667819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150663429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163858520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164339448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546678366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592469547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749408017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767171514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801130428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810219073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889790655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900791190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943320709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948924404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2974916455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983486486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992322507\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014803974\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023636576\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038388367\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082850425\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090852378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058075680\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael G. dos Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103536998\",\"display_name\":\"Jaime EC Hallak\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088403251\",\"display_name\":\"Glen B. Baker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-6486\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089267199\",\"display_name\":\"Serdar Dursun\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-851X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120986422\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3137933781" }, { "id": 2025, "title": "Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans", "normalized_title": "development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic pbpk model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans", "authors": "Musikaphongsakul P, Ya K, Subsoontorn P, Lohitnavy M.", "abstract": "Background:: Psilocybin (PB) is a psychoactive compound commonly found in magic mushroom ( Psilocybe cubensis ). PB is quickly converted by the body to psilocin (PI), which has a psychedelic effect through the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. The objective of this study is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of PB and PI in rats and humans for predicting concentrations of the psychoactive substance in the brain. Methods:: Following a search in PubMed, three studies were retrieved and information concerning concentration - time profiles of PI were extracted from the selected studies. In the study in rats, PI was orally administered with a dose of 10.1 mg / kg. There were two studies in humans following a single intravenous dose of PB (1 mg) and oral dose of PB (0.224 mg / kg and 0.3 mg / kg). Berkeley Madonna software was used for computer coding and simulations. The developed PBPK model consisted of seven organ compartments (i.e. lung, heart, brain, fat, muscle, kidney, and liver). Results:: The simulations show a good agreement between observed and simulated data, although results for oral administration in rats and humans showed under - predictions and results for intravenous administration in humans showed over - predictions. Conclusions:: A PBPK model of PB and PI in rats and humans was developed and could predict concentration-time profiles of PI in plasma, particularly in the brain, following intravenous and oral administration of PB. This model may be useful for a safer dosage regimen of PB for patients with some disorders.", "journal": "F1000Res", "publication_date": "2021-03-14", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.12688/f1000research.28133.1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28133.1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR297119\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"F1000Res\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3212, "title": "The DMT and Psilocin Treatment Changes CD11b+ Activated Microglia Immunological Phenotype", "normalized_title": "the dmt and psilocin treatment changes cd11b activated microglia immunological phenotype", "authors": "Kozłowska U, Klimczak A, Wiatr K, Figiel M.", "abstract": "Psychedelics are new, promising candidate molecules for clinical use in psychiatric disorders such as Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). They were recently also proposed as molecules supporting neural tissue repair by anti-inflammatory properties. Here we reported that two classic psychedelics, DMT and psilocin, can influence microglial functions by reducing the level of TLR4, p65, CD80 proteins, which are markers of the immune response, and upregulat TREM2 neuroprotective receptor. Psilocin also secured neuronal survival in the neuron-microglia co-culture model by attenuating the phagocytic function of microglia. We conclude that DMT and psilocin regulate the immunomodulatory potential of microglia. Of note, psychedelics were previously reported as a relatively safe treatment approach. The demonstrated regulation of inflammatory molecules and microglia phagocytosis suggests that psychedelics or their analogs are candidates in the therapy of neurological disorders where microglia and inflammation significantly contribute to pathogenic disease mechanisms.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2021-03-07", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1101/2021.03.07.434103", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.07.434103", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:48", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:02", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR293601\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2191, "title": "The Use of Classic Hallucinogens/Psychedelics in a Therapeutic Context: Healthcare Policy Opportunities and Challenges.", "normalized_title": "the use of classic hallucinogens psychedelics in a therapeutic context healthcare policy opportunities and challenges", "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Bouso JC, Rocha JM, Rossi GN, Hallak JE.", "abstract": "Psychedelics or serotonergic hallucinogens are a group of substances that share the agonism of serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors as their main mechanism of action. Its main effects include changes in perception, cognitive process, and mood. Despite being used for centuries by different cultures in ritual contexts, these substances have currently aroused the interest of science and industry for their promising antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anti-addictive effects. Considering this evidence, this article aims to explore some of the possible health policy challenges to integrate these therapeutic tools into broad and heterogeneous health systems. As a main benefit, these substances produce rapid and enduring effects with the administration of single or few doses, which could lead to new treatment possibilities for patients with severe mental disorders resistant to the usual medications. The main challenge is associated with the fact that these substances remain scheduled in most countries and are associated with social stigma related to their recreational use (especially LSD and psilocybin). This situation makes it exceedingly difficult to conduct clinical trials, although international conventions allow such research. Ethically, this could be interpreted as a violation of human rights since thousands of people are prevented from having access to possible benefits. Interestingly, ritual ayahuasca use is more acceptable to the public than the use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms or LSD. The controlled, clinical use of LSD and psilocybin seems to be less criticized and is being explored by the industry. Rigorous scientific evidence coupled with industrial interests (LSD and psilocybin), together with respect for traditional uses (ayahuasca) and international conventions, seems to be the best way for these drugs to be integrated into health systems in the next years. Which highlights the need for an urgent dialogue between science, health system, society, and politics.", "journal": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "publication_date": "2021-03-04", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s300656", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33707976\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392135761\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4392135761\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109339169\",\"display_name\":\"dos Santos RG\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093996524\",\"display_name\":\"Bouso JC\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093996525\",\"display_name\":\"Rocha JM\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093996526\",\"display_name\":\"Rossi GN\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5093996527\",\"display_name\":\"Hallak JE\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306401280\",\"source_display_name\":\"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doaj.org/article/66c03aeeb68c42dfa03ec67e4be969a5\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392135761" }, { "id": 5118, "title": "Stroke and Adverse Effects on The Immune and Cardiovascular Systems: The Danger of the Rise and Use of Psychedelic Drugs for Depression and PTSD", "normalized_title": "stroke and adverse effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems the danger of the rise and use of psychedelic drugs for depression and ptsd", "authors": "", "abstract": "Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in the past two decades, has been a growing problem among adults and our youth. For hundreds, if not thousands of years, plant-based psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin and peyote, have been utilized for medical purposes by numerous native tribal people As early as 1950, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a synthetic mood-altering drug, a report was published that this drug and other psychedelics could be useful in the treatment of psychological and psychiatric problems [1].", "journal": "Journal of Clinical & Experimental Immunology", "publication_date": "2021-03-02", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.33140/jcei.06.02.01", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.02.01", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Mood, Psychiatry, Drug, Psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4254506988\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4254506988\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210180437\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Clinical & Experimental Immunology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.02.01\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Receptor Pharmacology,Adolescents,Immune Function", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4254506988" }, { "id": 2195, "title": "The Evolved Psychology of Psychedelic Set and Setting: Inferences Regarding the Roles of Shamanism and Entheogenic Ecopsychology.", "normalized_title": "the evolved psychology of psychedelic set and setting inferences regarding the roles of shamanism and entheogenic ecopsychology", "authors": "Winkelman MJ.", "abstract": "This review illustrates the relevance of shamanism and its evolution under effects of psilocybin as a framework for identifying evolved aspects of psychedelic set and setting. Effects of 5HT2 psychedelics on serotonin, stress adaptation, visual systems and personality illustrate adaptive mechanisms through which psychedelics could have enhanced hominin evolution as an environmental factor influencing selection for features of our evolved psychology. Evolutionary psychology perspectives on ritual, shamanism and psychedelics provides bases for inferences regarding psychedelics' likely roles in hominin evolution as exogenous neurotransmitter sources through their effects in selection for innate dispositions for psychedelic set and setting. Psychedelics stimulate ancient brain structures and innate modular thought modules, especially self-awareness, other awareness, \"mind reading,\" spatial and visual intelligences. The integration of these innate modules are also core features of shamanism. Cross-cultural research illustrates shamanism is an empirical phenomenon of foraging societies, with its ancient basis in collective hominid displays, ritual alterations of consciousness, and endogenous healing responses. Shamanic practices employed psychedelics and manipulated extrapharmacological effects through stimulation of serotonin and dopamine systems and augmenting processes of the reptilian and paleomammalian brains. Differences between chimpanzee maximal displays and shamanic rituals reveal a zone of proximal development in hominin evolution. The evolution of the mimetic capacity for enactment, dance, music, and imitation provided central capacities underlying shamanic performances. Other chimp-human differences in ritualized behaviors are directly related to psychedelic effects and their integration of innate modular thought processes. Psychedelics and other ritual alterations of consciousness stimulate these and other innate responses such as soul flight and death-and-rebirth experiences. These findings provided bases for making inferences regarding foundations of our evolved set, setting and psychology. Shamanic setting is eminently communal with singing, drumming, dancing and dramatic displays. Innate modular thought structures are prominent features of the set of shamanism, exemplified in animism, animal identities, perceptions of spirits, and psychological incorporation of spirit others. A shamanic-informed psychedelic therapy includes: a preparatory set with practices such as sexual abstinence, fasting and dream incubation; a set derived from innate modular cognitive capacities and their integration expressed in a relational animistic worldview; a focus on internal imagery manifesting a presentational intelligence; and spirit relations involving incorporation of animals as personal powers. Psychedelic research and treatment can adopt this shamanic biogenetic paradigm to optimize set, setting and ritual frameworks to enhance psychedelic effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-02-22", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2021.619890", "pubmed_id": "33732156", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.619890", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33732156\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Personality Change,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2179, "title": "Optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy: Considering weight-adjusted and fixed dosing approaches.", "normalized_title": "optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy considering weight adjusted and fixed dosing approaches", "authors": "Garcia-Romeu A, Barrett FS, Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.", "abstract": "BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic, is a safe and promising pharmacotherapy for treatment of mood and substance use disorders when administered as part of a structured intervention. In most trials to date, psilocybin dose has been administered on a weight-adjusted basis rather than the more convenient procedure of administering a fixed dose.AimsThe present post hoc analyses sought to determine whether the subjective effects of psilocybin are affected by body weight when psilocybin is administered on a weight-adjusted basis and when psilocybin is administered as a fixed dose.MethodsWe analyzed acute subjective drug effects (mystical, challenging, and intensity) associated with therapeutic outcomes from ten previous studies (total N = 288) in which psilocybin was administered in the range 20 to 30 mg/70 kg (inclusive). Separate multivariate regression analyses examined the relationships between demographic variables including body weight and subjective effects in participants receiving 20 mg/70 kg (n = 120), participants receiving 30 mg/70 kg (n = 182), and participants whose weight-adjusted dose was about 25 mg (to approximate the fixed dose that is currently being evaluated in registration trials for major depressive disorder) (n = 103).ResultsIn the 20 mg/70 kg and 30 mg/70 kg weight-adjusted groups, and in the fixed dose group, no significant associations were found between subjective effects and demographic variables including body weight or sex. Across a wide range of body weights (49 to 113 kg) the present results showed no evidence that body weight affected subjective effects of psilocybin.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the convenience and lower cost of administering psilocybin as a fixed dose outweigh any potential advantage of weight-adjusted dosing.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2021-02-19", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1177/0269881121991822", "pubmed_id": "33611977", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121991822", "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Body Weight, Hallucinogens, Drug Monitoring, Treatment Outcome, Affect, Grief, Fear, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Mysticism, Adult, Female, Male, Drug Dosage Calculations, Self-Assessment, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Cigarette Smoking, Psychosocial Functioning, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33611977\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129221857\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":99,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1913957972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039148654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122453635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127234861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336455319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W3047238201\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4296153573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4298283550\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121991822\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3129221857" }, { "id": 5123, "title": "How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence", "normalized_title": "how to change your mind what the new science of psychedelics teaches us about consciousness dying addiction depression and transcendence", "authors": "Peter G. Brindley", "abstract": "It is tough to write about psychedelics without a few gratuitous puns. Regardless, Michael Pollan’s “How to Change Your Mind” is definitely “mind expanding” and deserves my “highest” recommendation. Published in 2019, this book comprehensively and presciently covers a topic of increasing interest: whether psychedelic agents can revolutionize mental health. Pollan is not a Medical Doctor but is a celebrated New York Times bestselling author, journalist, and professor at the University of California Berkeley. He was also named one of the world’s top 100 most influential people by Time Magazine. I have enjoyed each of his engaging popular science books, including a subsequent audiobook about caffeine. But this book is my favorite: Its 480 pages took me on a very pleasant “trip.” Pollan interests center on the sociocultural aspects of food, plants, and fungi. As such, this book is a logical progression. He focuses on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin/psilocin (magic mushrooms), and dimethyltryptamine (ayahuasca, 5-MeO-DMT, “the toad”). In the first 3 chapters, he covers natural history, pharmacologic discovery, commercial and synthesis, and legal status and cultural understanding. He adds color via myriad characters, including Swiss chemist Albert Hoffman, the “Johnny Appleseed of LSD” Al Hubbard, and Timothy Leary: the love-him-or-loath-him psychologist-turned guru. Pollan covers research ranging from remote 1950s Saskatchewan to modern day Johns Hopkins and Imperial College. Pollan offers convincing arguments as to how psychedelics have influenced spirituality, environmentalism, counterculture, and even Silicon Valley. In chapter 4, Pollan gets personal. Under supervision, he ingests LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. This is candid, insightful, and even emotional. It is also without the new age prose that might turn off readers of this journal. In chapter 5, he pivots back to neuroscience. He covers serotonin pharmacology, plus the neuroanatomy and neuropsychology of consciousness, attention, synesthesia, and memory. He also summarizes the Default Mode Network, and its role in daydreaming and mind-wandering. I enjoyed every amuse bouche, but, the main course, for clinicians at least, is chapter 6. This chapter covers psychedelic-assisted therapy for dying, addicted, and depressed patients. The proposed psychological mechanisms are plausible and include feeling less separated from nature and therefore less scared to rejoin it; better able to restore connections that addiction has severed and stepping outside of your dysfunctional story or tyrannical ego. Pollan argues that supervised use of these “ego-lytic” drugs can offer a control-alt-delete, or reboot: especially if conventional therapies have failed, and especially because a psychedelic experience can help long after the drug has gone. Psychedelics may reconnect us with a sense of awe, empathy, connectivity, childlike openness and equanimity, and in a way that traditional approaches do not. Careful use of psychedelics may make us better able to give and receive love, better able to accept that there is more than our selfish self, and better able to overcome existential crises. I have not taken psychedelics, but I fully relate to all these challenges. I believe just reading this book nudged me toward where I want to be. For that, I am uncharacteristically grateful. A book review usually includes criticisms. In the early days, at least, psychedelic research suffered from excessive exuberance and insufficient engagement with the scientific method. To Pollan’s credit, he does not proselytize, even if he is a convert. He calls out crackpots even while embracing mysticism. The problem is that, through no fault of his, psychedelic studies cannot be adequately blinded, and their effect (both good and bad) is greatly influenced by set, setting, and expectation. To paraphrase Pollan, we are left struggling to explain transcendence because we don’t have enough crayons to paint that rainbow. In the meantime, we may need to get more comfortable talking about “active-placebo” and accept that there are worthwhile lessons beyond the “arrogance of science.” Traditionalists may be twitchy by the extent to which Pollan has embraced psychedelics, and the prospect of white-coated shamans: but not me; not after reading this book. After all, if Pollan is right, psychedelics are no more harmful, and no less successful than our current armamentarium of pills and talk therapy. Moreover, why not leverage set and setting in our clinics. Obviously, we need to be cautious, but job one is to help patients, rather than to be certain about mechanism. Given the enormous burden of mental health, it’s a propitious time to explore new ideas, albeit prudently and gradually. If psychedelics really can change the mind for the better, then it is likely time that doctors opened ours. Thank you, Mr Pollan for opening mine.", "journal": "Anesthesia & Analgesia", "publication_date": "2021-02-16", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1213/ane.0000000000005349", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005349", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Counterculture, Consciousness, Psychic, Environmentalism, Psychology, Art, Art history, Media studies, Psychoanalysis, Sociology, Hallucinogen, Political science, Law, Medicine, Psychiatry, Politics, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129763680\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3129763680\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":49,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004961872\",\"display_name\":\"Peter G. Brindley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-3591\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S104698359\",\"source_display_name\":\"Anesthesia & Analgesia\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005349\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Review Article,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3129763680" }, { "id": 3112, "title": "Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience", "authors": "Madsen MK, Stenbæk DS, Arvidsson A, Armand S, Marstrand-Joergensen MR, Johansen SS, Linnet K, Ozenne B, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM.", "abstract": "The emerging novel therapeutic psilocybin produces psychedelic effects via engagement of cerebral serotonergic targets by psilocin (active metabolite). The serotonin 2A receptor critically mediates these effects by altering distributed neural processes that manifest as increased entropy, reduced functional connectivity (FC) within discrete brain networks (i.e., reduced integrity) and increased FC between networks (i.e., reduced segregation). Reduced integrity of the default mode network (DMN) is proposed to play a particularly prominent role in psychedelic phenomenology, including perceived ego-dissolution. Here, we investigate the effects of a psychoactive oral dose of psilocybin (0.2-0.3 mg/kg) on plasma psilocin level (PPL), subjective drug intensity (SDI) and their association in fifteen healthy individuals. We further evaluate associations between these measures and resting-state FC, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, acquired over the course of five hours after psilocybin administration. We show that PPL and SDI correlate negatively with measures of network integrity (including DMN) and segregation, both spatially constrained and unconstrained. We also find that the executive control network and dorsal attention network desegregate, increasing connectivity with other networks and throughout the brain as a function of PPL and SDI. These findings provide direct evidence that psilocin critically shapes the time course and magnitude of changes in the cerebral functional architecture and subjective experience following psilocybin administration. Our findings provide novel insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying profound perceptual experiences evoked by this emerging transnosological therapeutic and implicate the expression of network integrity and segregation in the psychedelic experience and consciousness.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2021-02-04", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1101/2021.02.03.429325", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.03.429325", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:46", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR278731\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5124, "title": "Use of psilocybin (“mushrooms”) among US adults: 2015-2018", "normalized_title": "use of psilocybin mushrooms among us adults 2015 2018", "authors": "R. Andrew Yockey, Keith A. King", "abstract": "Abstract We sought to estimate the prevalence of lifetime psilocybin use among a national sample of US adults ages 18 and older and associated demographic/substance use correlates. Pooled data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were utilized among 168,650 individuals 18 years or older. An estimated 9.68% of individuals reported lifetime use of psilocybin. Differences were found among demographics, drug use, and sexual identity, with bisexual identification being associated with greater lifetime use. Nearly two-thirds of individuals who have ever used Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methamphetamine, and/or heroin also reportedly used psilocybin. Findings from the present study can inform harm reduction efforts and behavioral health messaging.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2021-02-03", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2020.00159", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2020.00159", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Demographics, Harm reduction, Heroin, Psychology, Substance use, Psychiatry, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Demography, Drug, Public health, Sociology, Internal medicine, Nursing, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3126260393\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":63,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W377295446\",\"https://openalex.org/W1943380254\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984233408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045364871\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056774128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109879177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121949652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125568653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159403151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471523186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2759938474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909369915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924715128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996870046\",\"https://openalex.org/W4244442112\",\"https://openalex.org/W6646295030\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661757993\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046162345\",\"display_name\":\"R. Andrew Yockey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-2418\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054553350\",\"display_name\":\"Keith A. King\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2036-5341\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2020.00159\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3126260393" }, { "id": 3253, "title": "Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals", "normalized_title": "lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting state functional connectivity in healthy individuals", "authors": "McCulloch DE, Madsen MK, Stenbæk DS, Kristiansen S, Ozenne B, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM.", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Background Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has shown lasting positive effects on clinical symptoms and self-reported well-being following a single dose. There has been little research into the long-term effects of psilocybin on brain connectivity in humans. Aims Evaluate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) at one-week and three-months after one psilocybin dose in 10 healthy psychedelic-naïve volunteers and explore associations between change in RSFC and related measures. Methods Participants received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg psilocybin in a controlled setting. Participants completed resting-state fMRI scans at baseline, one-week and three-months post-administration and [ 11 C]Cimbi-36 PET scans at baseline and one-week. We examined changes in within-network, between-network and region-to-region RSFC. We explored associations between changes in RSFC and psilocybin-induced phenomenology as well as changes in psychological measures and neocortex serotonin 2A receptor binding. Results Psilocybin was well tolerated and produced positive changes in well-being. At one-week only, executive control network (ECN) RSFC was significantly decreased (Cohen’s d=-1.73, p FWE =0.010). We observed no other significant changes in RSFC at one-week or three-months, nor changes in region-to-region RSFC. Exploratory analyses indicated that decreased ECN RSFC at one-week predicted increased mindfulness at three-months (r =-0.65). Conclusions These findings in a small cohort indicate that psilocybin affects ECN function within the psychedelic “afterglow” period. Our findings implicate ECN modulation as mediating psilocybin-induced, long-lasting increases in mindfulness. Although our findings implicate a neural pathway mediating lasting psilocybin effects, it is notable that changes in neuroimaging measures at three-months, when personality changes are observed, remain to be identified.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2021-01-28", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1101/2021.01.28.428377", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.28.428377", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR275481\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2212, "title": "5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors as potential targets for the treatment of nicotine use and dependence.", "normalized_title": "5 ht2a and 5 ht2c receptors as potential targets for the treatment of nicotine use and dependence", "authors": "Higgins GA, Sellers EM.", "abstract": "Nicotine use and dependence, typically achieved through cigarette smoking, but increasingly through vape products, is the leading cause of preventable death today. Despite a recognition that many current smokers would like to quit, the success rate at doing so is low and indicative of the persistent nature of nicotine dependence and the high urge to relapse. There are currently three main forms of pharmacotherapy approved as aids to treat nicotine dependence: a variety of nicotine replacement products (NRT's), the mixed NA/DA reuptake inhibitor bupropion (Zyban®), and the preferential nicotinic α4β2 receptor agonist drug, varenicline (Chantix®); the latter being generally recognized to be the most effective. However, each of these approaches afford only limited efficacy, and various other pharmacological approaches are being explored. This chapter focusses on approaches targeted to the serotonin (5-HT) system, namely, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) which served a pioneer role in the investigation of serotoninergic modulators in human smoking cessation trials; and secondly drugs selectively interacting with the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor systems. From an efficacy perspective, measured as smoking abstinence, the 5-HT2A agonist psychedelics, namely psilocybin, seem to show the most promise; although as the article highlights, these findings are both preliminary and there are significant challenges to the route to approval, and therapeutic use of this class should they reach approval status. Additional avenues include 5-HT2C receptor agonists, which until recently was pioneered by lorcaserin, and 5-HT2A receptor antagonists represented by pimavanserin. Each of these approaches has distinct profiles across preclinical tests of nicotine dependence, and may have therapeutic potential. It is anticipated as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers emerge, they may provide opportunities for subject stratification and opportunities for personalizing smoking cessation treatment. The clinical assessment of SSRI, 5-HT2A and/or 5-HT2C receptor-based treatments may be best served by this process.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-01-21", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.007", "pubmed_id": "33541678", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.007", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Nicotine, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Smoking Cessation, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Varenicline, Tobacco Use Cessation Devices", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33541678\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2204, "title": "A Single Dose of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density and Decreases 5-HT2A Receptor Density in the Pig Brain.", "normalized_title": "a single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic density and decreases 5 ht2a receptor density in the pig brain", "authors": "Raval NR, Johansen A, Donovan LL, Ros NF, Ozenne B, Hansen HD, Knudsen GM.", "abstract": "A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic and serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist, may be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanism behind its antidepressive action is unknown but could be linked to increased synaptogenesis and down-regulation of cerebral 5-HT2AR. Here, we investigate if a single psychedelic dose of psilocybin changes synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) and 5-HT2AR density in the pig brain. Twenty-four awake pigs received either 0.08 mg/kg psilocybin or saline intravenously. Twelve pigs (n = 6/intervention) were euthanized one day post-injection, while the remaining twelve pigs were euthanized seven days post-injection (n = 6/intervention). We performed autoradiography on hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) sections with [3H]UCB-J (SV2A), [3H]MDL100907 (5-HT2AR antagonist) and [3H]Cimbi-36 (5-HT2AR agonist). One day post psilocybin injection, we observed 4.42% higher hippocampal SV2A density and lowered hippocampal and PFC5-HT2AR density (-15.21% to -50.19%). These differences were statistically significant in the hippocampus for all radioligands and in the PFC for [3H]Cimbi-36 only. Seven days post-intervention, there was still significantly higher SV2A density in the hippocampus (+9.24%) and the PFC (+6.10%), whereas there were no longer any differences in 5-HT2AR density. Our findings suggest that psilocybin causes increased persistent synaptogenesis and an acute decrease in 5-HT2AR density, which may play a role in psilocybin's antidepressive effects.", "journal": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences", "publication_date": "2021-01-14", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.3390/ijms22020835", "pubmed_id": "33467676", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020835", "keywords": "Brain, Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex, Synapses, Animals, Swine, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Ligands, Autoradiography, Female, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33467676\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3108222140\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":191,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1956247770\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969855549\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973276415\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998628114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026107282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026813655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051697077\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068427049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077222459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081905164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094823797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099540110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164282704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2186676367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323758266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409195770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2468366067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2503767557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2614237850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2728001011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901058579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909954110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2916864608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933363539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2959039346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2989148073\",\"https://openalex.org/W3014586750\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082850425\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3090852378\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251222512\",\"https://openalex.org/W6686745015\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714448251\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016318094\",\"display_name\":\"Nakul Ravi Raval\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-7219\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072267838\",\"display_name\":\"Annette Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-2368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060262643\",\"display_name\":\"Lene Lundgaard Donovan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112591683\",\"display_name\":\"Nídia Fernandez Ros\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S10623703\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Molecular Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020835\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3108222140" }, { "id": 2200, "title": "Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants.", "normalized_title": "classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms a meta analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants", "authors": "Galvão-Coelho NL, Marx W, Gonzalez M, Sinclair J, de Manincor M, Perkins D, Sarris J.", "abstract": "RationaleMajor depressive disorder is one of the leading global causes of disability, for which the classic serotonergic psychedelics have recently reemerged as a potential therapeutic treatment option.ObjectiveWe present the first meta-analytic review evaluating the clinical effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics vs placebo for mood state and symptoms of depression in both healthy and clinical populations (separately).ResultsOur search revealed 12 eligible studies (n = 257; 124 healthy participants, and 133 patients with mood disorders), with data from randomized controlled trials involving psilocybin (n = 8), lysergic acid diethylamide ([LSD]; n = 3), and ayahuasca (n = 1). The meta-analyses of acute mood outcomes (3 h to 1 day after treatment) for healthy volunteers and patients revealed improvements with moderate significant effect sizes in favor of psychedelics, as well as for the longer-term (16 to 60 days after treatments) mood state of patients. For patients with mood disorder, significant effect sizes were detected on the acute, medium (2-7 days after treatment), and longer-term outcomes favoring psychedelics on the reduction of depressive symptoms.ConclusionDespite the concerns over unblinding and expectancy, the strength of the effect sizes, fast onset, and enduring therapeutic effects of these psychotherapeutic agents encourage further double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials assessing them for management of negative mood and depressive symptoms.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2021-01-10", "publication_year": 2021, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-020-05719-1", "pubmed_id": "33427944", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05719-1", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Depression, Affect, Mood Disorders, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33427944\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Review Article,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5150, "title": "Referee report. For: Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans [version 1; peer review: 1 not approved]", "normalized_title": "referee report for development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic pbpk model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans version 1 peer review 1 not approved", "authors": "Michael W. Dzierlenga", "abstract": "", "journal": "Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd", "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.5256/f1000research.31120.r81816", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.31120.r81816", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacokinetics, Chemistry, Mushroom, Pharmacology, Traditional medicine, Metabolite, Agaricales, MAGIC (telescope), Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416624308\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416624308\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021936943\",\"display_name\":\"Michael W. Dzierlenga\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-6191\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407050752\",\"source_display_name\":\"Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.31120.r81816\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416624308" }, { "id": 5149, "title": "Referee report. For: Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]", "normalized_title": "referee report for development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic pbpk model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans version 1 peer review 1 approved with reservations 1 not approved", "authors": "Quoc Ba Tran", "abstract": "", "journal": "Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd", "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.5256/f1000research.31120.r81474", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.31120.r81474", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Pharmacokinetics, Chemistry, Mushroom, Pharmacology, Traditional medicine, Metabolite, Agaricales, Drug, Animal model, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416618184\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4416618184\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068323101\",\"display_name\":\"Quoc Ba Tran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-501X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407050752\",\"source_display_name\":\"Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.31120.r81474\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416618184" }, { "id": 5145, "title": "Psilocybin therapy appears as effective as escitalopram, small study finds", "normalized_title": "psilocybin therapy appears as effective as escitalopram small study finds", "authors": "", "abstract": "Psilocybin therapy appears to be at least as effective as escitalopram in treating depression, findings from a small phase II study published in the New England Journal of Medicine have indicated (15 April 2021)​[1]​. Researchers compared two sessions of psychedelic psilocybin therapy, delivered in a specialist clinical setting, with a course of the selective serotonin […]", "journal": "Pharmaceutical journal/˜The œpharmaceutical journal", "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1211/pj.2021.1.91592", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1211/pj.2021.1.91592", "keywords": "Escitalopram, Psilocybin, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Anxiety, Antidepressant, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4246962837\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4246962837\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80542161\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmaceutical journal/˜The œpharmaceutical journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1211/pj.2021.1.91592\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4246962837" }, { "id": 5132, "title": "Preclinical Behavioral Assessment of Chronic, Intermittent Low-Dose Psilocybin in Rodent Models of Depression and Anxiety", "normalized_title": "preclinical behavioral assessment of chronic intermittent low dose psilocybin in rodent models of depression and anxiety", "authors": "Harmony I. Risca", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4777&context=dissertations", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Anxiety, Psychology, Rodent, Rodent model, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Biology, Ecology, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3209570117\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3209570117\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1501494707\",\"https://openalex.org/W1540206802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1549065864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1608306387\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967421959\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969887276\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970539695\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972616052\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973386992\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973792605\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977722472\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979420282\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993548704\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995573137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001000656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001116453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006748124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027721376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028588306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049372289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062765660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074596234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084271334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108684858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127363947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137296158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150026124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150894903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152421113\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156743186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156923987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169635500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169831533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169867458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172096615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332105174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400771625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2615956903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2931582381\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048747755\",\"https://openalex.org/W3112173414\",\"https://openalex.org/W3117921577\",\"https://openalex.org/W3161861567\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199318186\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062251665\",\"display_name\":\"Harmony I. Risca\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4777&context=dissertations\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3209570117" }, { "id": 2214, "title": "Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics in psychiatry neuroplastic immunomodulatory and neurotransmitter mechanisms", "authors": "Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G.", "abstract": "Mounting evidence suggests safety and efficacy of psychedelic compounds as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. Ketamine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in a new class of antidepressants, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is undergoing phase III clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are being investigated in several phase II and phase I clinical trials. Hence, the concept of psychedelics as therapeutics may be incorporated into modern society. Here, we discuss the main known neurobiological therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics, which are thought to be mediated by the effects of these compounds on the serotonergic (via 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors) and glutamatergic [via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors] systems. We focus on 1) neuroplasticity mediated by the modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin-, brain-derived neurotrophic factor-, and early growth response-related pathways; 2) immunomodulation via effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nuclear factor ĸB, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1, 6, and 10 production and release; and 3) modulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and norepinephrinergic receptors, transporters, and turnover systems. We discuss arising concerns and ways to assess potential neurobiological changes, dependence, and immunosuppression. Although larger cohorts are required to corroborate preliminary findings, the results obtained so far are promising and represent a critical opportunity for improvement of pharmacotherapies in psychiatry, an area that has seen limited therapeutic advancement in the last 20 years. Studies are underway that are trying to decouple the psychedelic effects from the therapeutic effects of these compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. However, understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating improvement remains limited. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the effects of psychedelic compounds on pathways that modulate neuroplasticity, immunity, and neurotransmitter systems. This work aims to be a reference for psychiatrists who may soon be faced with the possibility of prescribing psychedelic compounds as medications, helping them assess which compound(s) and regimen could be most useful for decreasing specific psychiatric symptoms.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056", "pubmed_id": "33328244", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056", "keywords": "Pituitary-Adrenal System, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Humans, Neurotransmitter Agents, Hallucinogens, Psychiatry, Neuronal Plasticity, United States, Immunomodulation", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33328244\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Observational Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2213, "title": "How ecstasy and psilocybin are shaking up psychiatry.", "normalized_title": "how ecstasy and psilocybin are shaking up psychiatry", "authors": "Tullis P.", "abstract": "", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/d41586-021-00187-9", "pubmed_id": "33505033", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00187-9", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Serotonin, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Niacin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Depression, Efficiency, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Neuronal Plasticity, Certification, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Prescriptions, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin, Rumination, Cognitive, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33505033\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3125143320\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3125143320\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":59,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000636165\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082850425\",\"https://openalex.org/W3085641834\",\"https://openalex.org/W3096208965\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058740913\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Tullis\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137773608\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00187-9\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3125143320" }, { "id": 2197, "title": "What is the clinical evidence on psilocybin for the treatment of psychiatric disorders? A systematic review.", "normalized_title": "what is the clinical evidence on psilocybin for the treatment of psychiatric disorders a systematic review", "authors": "Castro Santos H, Gama Marques J.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a predominant agonist of 5HT1A and 5HT2A/C receptors and was first isolated in 1958, shortly before it became a controlled substance. Research on the potential therapeutic effects of this compound has recently re-emerged alongside what is being addressed as a psychedelic renaissance.MethodsIn this paper we performed a systematic review of the clinical trials conducted so far regarding the therapeutic effects of psilocybin on psychiatric disorders. The eligibility criteria included clinical trials that assessed psilocybin's potential therapeutic effects on patients with psychiatric disorders. Nine hundred seven articles were found and screened in regard to the title, from which 94 were screened through abstract and 9 met the eligibility criteria and were included.ResultsThe papers published focused on 3 disorders: depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorder (namely tobacco and alcohol). Psilocybin has shown a relatively safe profile and very promising results, with reductions found on most of the psychiatric rating scales' scores. Research on depression showed the most solid evidence, supported by 3 randomized controlled trials. Studies on OCD and substance use disorder showed more limitations due to their open-label design.ConclusionsAltogether, the results from the studies reviewed in this paper suggest a substantial therapeutic potential. This calls for further research to confirm the results observed so far and further explain the underlying mechanisms.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2020-12-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000128", "pubmed_id": "33884324", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000128", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33884324\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3352, "title": "Set and Setting: A Randomized Study of Different Musical Genres in Supporting Psychedelic Therapy", "normalized_title": "set and setting a randomized study of different musical genres in supporting psychedelic therapy", "authors": "Strickland JC, Garcia-Romeu A, Johnson M.", "abstract": "Mounting evidence supports the serotonin 2A receptor agonist psilocybin as a psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Little research has experimentally examined how session “set and setting” impacts subjective and therapeutic effects. We analyzed effects of musical genre played during sessions of a psilocybin study for tobacco smoking cessation. Participants (N=10) received psilocybin (20-30mg/70kg) in two sessions, each with a different genre (Western classical versus overtone-based), with order counterbalanced. Participants chose one genre for a third session (30mg/70kg). Mystical experiences scores tended to be higher in overtone-based than Western classical sessions. Six of ten participants chose overtone-based music for a third session. Biologically-confirmed smoking abstinence was similar based on musical choice, with a slight benefit for participants choosing the overtone-based playlist (66.7% versus 50%). These data call into question whether Western classical music typically used in psychedelic therapy holds unique benefit. Broadly, they call for experimentally examining session components toward optimizing psychedelic therapeutic protocols.", "journal": "PsyArXiv", "publication_date": "2020-12-28", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/f5dmt", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f5dmt", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PsyArXiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:51", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR323964\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"PsyArXiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2172, "title": "Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Substituted Tryptamines in Rats", "normalized_title": "discriminative stimulus effects of substituted tryptamines in rats", "authors": "Michael B. Gatch, Adam C. Hoch, Theresa M. Carbonaro", "abstract": "Novel synthetic compounds have been available for decades as quasi-legal alternatives to controlled substances. The hallucinogen-like effects of eight novel substituted tryptamines were evaluated to determine their potential abuse liability. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min) from saline. 4-Acetoxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DET), 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine (4-OH-MET), 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine (4-OH-DET), 4-acetoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (4-AcO-MiPT), 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT), 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-OH-DMT, psilocin), 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-MiPT), 4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-AcO-DiPT), and 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-OH-DiPT) were tested for their ability to substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM. All test compounds fully substituted for DOM with potencies less than or equal to that of DOM. 4-OH-MET, 4-OH-DET, 4-OH-DMT, and 4-AcO-DMT decreased response rate at doses that fully substituted. Because the test compounds produced DOM-like discriminative stimulus effects, they may have similar abuse liability as DOM. 4-Acetoxy substituted compounds were less potent than 4-hydroxy substituted compounds, and the N,N-diisopropyl compounds were less potent than the dimethyl, diethyl, N-methyl-N-ethyl, and N-methyl-N-isopropyl compounds.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2020-12-28", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.0c00173", "pubmed_id": "33860176", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00173", "keywords": "Tryptamines, Chemistry, Stimulus control, Hallucinogen, Abuse liability, Pharmacology, Stereochemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Tryptamine, Biochemistry, Medicine, Internal medicine, Drug, Nicotine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3116234192\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3116234192\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":13,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038101237\",\"display_name\":\"Michael B. Gatch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3474-211X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053326651\",\"display_name\":\"Adam C. Hoch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00173\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity,Abuse Liability", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3116234192" }, { "id": 2192, "title": "Investigating the role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor activation in the effects of psilocybin, DOI, and citalopram on marble burying in mice", "normalized_title": "investigating the role of 5 ht2a and 5 ht2c receptor activation in the effects of psilocybin doi and citalopram on marble burying in mice", "authors": "Anna U. Odland, Jesper L. Kristensen, Jesper T. Andreasen", "abstract": "", "journal": "Behavioural Brain Research", "publication_date": "2020-12-27", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113093", "pubmed_id": "33359368", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113093", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antagonist, Citalopram, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Receptor antagonist, Ketanserin, Digging, Receptor, Chemistry, 5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Medicine, Internal medicine, Hippocampus, Psychiatry, Antidepressant, History, Archaeology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3116827302\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":60,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970561854\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980622706\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986445373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996264501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012266823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015870346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031480693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031832463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057430366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060324739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063471772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080638494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134923721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140516726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168653618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2310217103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410613263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616842406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2779452853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2803532794\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962785502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2986752561\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016335247\",\"https://openalex.org/W6680022344\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714796623\",\"https://openalex.org/W6769978876\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052517556\",\"display_name\":\"Anna U. Odland\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-4831\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016691908\",\"display_name\":\"Jesper L. Kristensen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009287984\",\"display_name\":\"Jesper T. Andreasen\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S81474683\",\"source_display_name\":\"Behavioural Brain Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113093\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3116827302" }, { "id": 2183, "title": "A Dendrite-Focused Framework for Understanding the Actions of Ketamine and Psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "a dendrite focused framework for understanding the actions of ketamine and psychedelics", "authors": "Savalia NK, Shao LX, Kwan AC.", "abstract": "Pilot studies have hinted that serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin may relieve depression, and could possibly do so by promoting neural plasticity. Intriguingly, another psychotomimetic compound, ketamine, is a fast-acting antidepressant and induces synapse formation. The similarities in behavioral and neural effects have been puzzling because the compounds target distinct molecular receptors in the brain. In this opinion article, we develop a conceptual framework that suggests the actions of ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics may converge at the dendrites, to both enhance and suppress membrane excitability. We speculate that mismatches in the opposing actions on dendritic excitability may relate to these compounds' cell-type and region selectivity, their moderate range of effects and toxicity, and their plasticity-promoting capacities.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2020-12-20", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.008", "pubmed_id": "33358035", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.008", "keywords": "Dendrites, Humans, Ketamine, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Neuronal Plasticity", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33358035\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2221, "title": "Effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes", "normalized_title": "effects and safety of psilocybe cubensis and panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin 1 induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes", "authors": "Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng, Christiaan M.L. Steinmann, J.N. Eloff", "abstract": "Prevalence of major depression in people with chronic heart failure is higher than in normal populations. Depression in heart failure has become a major issue. Psilocybin-containing mushrooms commonly known as magic mushrooms, have been used since ancient times for their mind healing properties. Their safety in cardiovascular disease conditions is not fully known and may pose as a risk for users suffering from these illnesses. Study investigates the effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushrooms use from genus Psilocybe and Panaeolus respectively, in a pathological hypertrophy conditions in which endothelin-1 disorder is a contributor to pathogenesis. We examined the effects of the mushrooms extracts on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)-induced cell injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Mushrooms were oven dried and extracted with cold and boiling-hot water. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were induced with endothelin-1 prior to treatment with extracts over 48 h. Cell injury was stimulated with TNF-α. Results proposed that the water extracts of Panaeolus cyanescens and Psilocybe cubensis did not aggravate the pathological hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 and also protected against the TNF-α-induced injury and cell death in concentrations used. Results support medicinal safe use of mushrooms under controlled conditions and cautioned use of higher concentrations.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2020-12-17", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-79328-5", "pubmed_id": "33339902", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79328-5", "keywords": "Endothelin receptor, Muscle hypertrophy, Pathological, Mushroom, Medicine, Biology, Internal medicine, Botany, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Fungal Biology and Applications, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3115524456\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3115524456\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":31,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W365185848\",\"https://openalex.org/W1495128751\",\"https://openalex.org/W1828522958\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967128858\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997998626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005083453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017007318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051880837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054898931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056633265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075888651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083531465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095643252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136212502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153430526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169230321\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324476825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2527325622\",\"https://openalex.org/W2556671514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607257758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610169537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2750178422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768816200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792314086\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894345161\",\"https://openalex.org/W3012256305\",\"https://openalex.org/W3081977832\",\"https://openalex.org/W3199318186\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231317121\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007223200\",\"display_name\":\"Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-7156\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113698949\",\"display_name\":\"Christiaan M.L. Steinmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086386072\",\"display_name\":\"J.N. Eloff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-9842\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79328-5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3115524456" }, { "id": 2169, "title": "Investigation of the Structure-Activity Relationships of Psilocybin Analogues", "normalized_title": "investigation of the structure activity relationships of psilocybin analogues", "authors": "Adam K. Klein, Muhammad Chatha, Lauren J. Laskowski, Emilie I. Anderson, Simon D. Brandt, Stephen J. Chapman, John D. McCorvy, Adam L. Halberstadt", "abstract": "The 5-HT2A receptor is thought to be the primary target for psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and other serotonergic hallucinogens (psychedelic drugs). Although a large amount of experimental work has been conducted to characterize the pharmacology of psilocybin and its dephosphorylated metabolite psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), there has been little systematic investigation of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 4-substituted tryptamine derivatives. In addition, structural analogs of psilocybin containing a 4-acetoxy group, such as 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT), have appeared as new designer drugs, but almost nothing is known about their pharmacological effects. To address the gap of information, studies were conducted with 17 tryptamines containing a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical N,N-dialkyl substituents and either a 4-hydroxy or 4-acetoxy group. Calcium mobilization assays were conducted to assess functional activity at human and mouse 5-HT2 subtypes. Head-twitch response (HTR) studies were conducted in C57BL/6J mice to assess 5-HT2A activation in vivo. All of the compounds acted as full or partial agonists at 5-HT2 subtypes, displaying similar potencies at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors, but some tryptamines with bulkier N-alkyl groups had lower potency at 5-HT2C receptors and higher 5-HT2B receptor efficacy. In addition, O-acetylation reduced the in vitro 5-HT2A potency of 4-hydroxy-N,N-dialkyltryptamines by about 10- to 20-fold but did not alter agonist efficacy. All of the compounds induce head twitches in mice, consistent with an LSD-like behavioral profile. In contrast to the functional data, acetylation of the 4-hydroxy group had little effect on HTR potency, suggesting that O-acetylated tryptamines may be deacetylated in vivo, acting as prodrugs. In summary, the tryptamine derivatives have psilocybin-like pharmacological properties, supporting their classification as psychedelic drugs.", "journal": "ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1021/acsptsci.0c00176", "pubmed_id": "33860183", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00176", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tryptamines, Tryptamine, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Agonist, Partial agonist, 5-HT2 receptor, Serotonin, Receptor, Stereochemistry, Metabolite, In vivo, Harmine, 5-HT receptor, Biochemistry, Biology, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3110733646\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":103,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W205608134\",\"https://openalex.org/W650953105\",\"https://openalex.org/W1530247448\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1937517990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964253779\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964863479\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965258805\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965925823\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973660081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979963125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980686663\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981598408\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984936010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993117784\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998906057\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999585620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011985298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014120139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016388239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021332243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023331513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038839611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043312960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064468738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079767249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080760021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106319447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117330747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127864940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132467809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2221666778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2286858757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407151076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616187260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2736125654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2758523683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789608017\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798565539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889566085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999306893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W3022930117\",\"https://openalex.org/W3093375227\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236299796\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243014217\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022631404\",\"display_name\":\"Adam K. Klein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-9324\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110707086\",\"display_name\":\"Muhammad Chatha\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005638789\",\"display_name\":\"Lauren J. Laskowski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-7507\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5114107372\",\"display_name\":\"Emilie I. Anderson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005457342\",\"display_name\":\"Simon D. Brandt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-5372\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027660601\",\"display_name\":\"Stephen J. Chapman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-4330\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049197736\",\"display_name\":\"John D. McCorvy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7555-9413\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036162393\",\"display_name\":\"Adam L. Halberstadt\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207642\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00176\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3110733646" }, { "id": 2027, "title": "Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the bioanalysis of psilocybin’s main metabolites, psilocin and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, in human plasma", "normalized_title": "development and validation of an lc ms ms method for the bioanalysis of psilocybin s main metabolites psilocin and 4 hydroxyindole 3 acetic acid in human plasma", "authors": "Karolina E. Kolaczynska, Matthias E. Liechti, Urs Duthaler", "abstract": "Psilocin is the active metabolite of psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is used recreationally and investigated in substance-assisted psychotherapy. The pharmacokinetic properties of psilocin are only partially characterized. Therefore, we developed and validated a rapid LC-MS/MS method to quantify psilocin and its metabolite 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA) in human plasma. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation using methanol. The injected sample was mixed with water in front of a C18 analytical column to increase retention of the analytes. Psilocin and 4-HIAA were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive and negative electrospray ionisation mode, respectively. An inter-assay accuracy of 100-109% and precision of ≤8.7% was recorded over three validation runs. The recovery was near to complete (≥94.7%) and importantly, consistent over different concentration levels and plasma batches (CV%: ≤4.1%). The plasma matrix caused negligible ion suppression and endogenous interferences could be separated from the analytes. Psilocin and 4-HIAA plasma samples could be thawed and re-frozen for three cycles, kept at room temperature for 8 h or 1 month at −20 °C without showing degradation (≤10%). The linear range (R ≥ 0.998) of the method covered plasma concentrations observed in humans following a common therapeutic oral dose of 25 mg psilocybin and was therefore able to assess the pharmacokinetics of psilocin and 4-HIAA. The LC-MS/MS method was convenient and reliable for measuring psilocin and 4-HIAA in plasma and will facilitate the clinical development of psilocybin.", "journal": "Journal of Chromatography B", "publication_date": "2020-12-06", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122486", "pubmed_id": "33485158", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122486", "keywords": "Chemistry, Chromatography, Psilocybin, Protein precipitation, Metabolite, Selected reaction monitoring, Bioanalysis, Analyte, Mass spectrometry, Electrospray ionization, Tandem mass spectrometry, Electrospray, Detection limit, Sample preparation, Acetic acid, Pharmacokinetics, Hallucinogen, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:38", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3113337956\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":55,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W135677869\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973316871\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055241614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082182980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093658818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160775146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164680276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788524689\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055068028\",\"display_name\":\"Karolina E. Kolaczynska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-0758\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024133720\",\"display_name\":\"Urs Duthaler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-3932\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103248676\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Chromatography B\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122486\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3113337956" }, { "id": 2215, "title": "Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on behaviour, brain 5-HT2A receptor occupancy and gene expression in the pig", "normalized_title": "effects of a single dose of psilocybin on behaviour brain 5 ht2a receptor occupancy and gene expression in the pig", "authors": "Lene Lundgaard Donovan, Jens Vilstrup Johansen, Nídia Fernandez Ros, Elham Jaberi, Kristían Línnet, Sys Stybe Johansen, Brice Ozenne, Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas, Hanne D. Hansen, Gitte M. Knudsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-12-03", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.013", "pubmed_id": "33288378", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.013", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3112700248\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":45,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1516591325\",\"https://openalex.org/W1577577364\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989900183\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995596015\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000684605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030920645\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032019813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032624455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035618305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039849701\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050752449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075618588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096147487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104142691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106535414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130116522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133736622\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135335202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137586531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138207763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145051661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146512944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165269558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169456326\",\"https://openalex.org/W2194924010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2199553413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2210848389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273847960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276748084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2432815617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2468366067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515280853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547574709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590821743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768498585\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888932720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945980687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951912016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999364864\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W6754218928\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060262643\",\"display_name\":\"Lene Lundgaard Donovan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055551036\",\"display_name\":\"Jens Vilstrup Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-6801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112591683\",\"display_name\":\"Nídia Fernandez Ros\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081715219\",\"display_name\":\"Elham Jaberi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078174062\",\"display_name\":\"Kristían Línnet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-5535\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013055423\",\"display_name\":\"Sys Stybe Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-5134\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000432230\",\"display_name\":\"Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-424X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.013\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3112700248" }, { "id": 5151, "title": "The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action", "normalized_title": "the effects of daytime psilocybin administration on sleep implications for antidepressant action", "authors": "Daniela Dudysová, Karolína Janků, Michal Šmotek, Elizaveta Saifutdinová, Jana Kopřivová, Jitka Bušková, Bryce A. Mander, Martin Brunovský, Peter Zach, Jakub Korčák, Veronika Andrashko, Michaela Viktorinová, Filip Tylš, Anna Bravermanová, Tom Froese, Tomáš Páleníček, Jiřı́ Horáček", "abstract": "Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin's antidepressant properties like other antidepressant drugs via induction of neuroplasticity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of psilocybin on sleep architecture on the night after psilocybin administration. Regarding the potential antidepressant properties, we hypothesized that psilocybin, similar to other classical antidepressants, would reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and prolong REM sleep latency. Moreover, we also hypothesized that psilocybin would promote slow-wave activity (SWA) expression in the first sleep cycle, a marker of sleep-related neuroplasticity. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, age 28-53) underwent two drug administration sessions, psilocybin or placebo, in a randomized, double-blinded design. Changes in sleep macrostructure, SWA during the first sleep cycle, whole night EEG spectral power across frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, and changes in subjective sleep measures were analyzed. The results revealed prolonged REM sleep latency after psilocybin administration and a trend toward a decrease in overall REM sleep duration. No changes in NREM sleep were observed. Psilocybin did not affect EEG power spectra in NREM or REM sleep when examined across the whole night. However, psilocybin suppressed SWA in the first sleep cycle. No evidence was found for sleep-related neuroplasticity, however, a different dosage, timing, effect on homeostatic regulation of sleep, or other mechanisms related to antidepressant effects may play a role. Overall, this study suggests that potential antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-12-02", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2020.602590", "pubmed_id": "33343372", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602590", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Non-rapid eye movement sleep, Antidepressant, Slow-wave sleep, Sleep spindle, Psychology, Sleep (system call), Rapid eye movement sleep, Sleep Stages, Sleep onset, Electroencephalography, Medicine, Neuroscience, Polysomnography, Psychiatry, Insomnia, Hallucinogen, Hippocampus, Computer science, Operating system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Sleep and Wakefulness Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:00", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3107150606\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3107150606\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":36,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W114401071\",\"https://openalex.org/W137630247\",\"https://openalex.org/W145630688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494352394\",\"https://openalex.org/W1580403824\",\"https://openalex.org/W1608895642\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965449743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970328639\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971729817\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975136983\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977647750\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978626522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979430008\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999595923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004454719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010070030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022024201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030172237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037586880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042033499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044084156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044226799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049369164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060392742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061717468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064705669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065455020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067586706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070757879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074779611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075208446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077360449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083357866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085611222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092088903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108898741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110449405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114135485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122806567\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141252299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2278064701\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279601307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316721389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403525433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616187260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617014640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742814779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757339434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782190599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2811304329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921650370\",\"https://openalex.org/W2972476113\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010056573\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230727657\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301029050\",\"https://openalex.org/W6604578628\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061001300\",\"display_name\":\"Daniela Dudysová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-7578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047643972\",\"display_name\":\"Karolína Janků\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-6967\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061837427\",\"display_name\":\"Michal Šmotek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-6150\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060520531\",\"display_name\":\"Elizaveta Saifutdinová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-7455\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029095037\",\"display_name\":\"Jana Kopřivová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3626-5372\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087556699\",\"display_name\":\"Jitka Bušková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-8031\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022724258\",\"display_name\":\"Bryce A. Mander\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-7980\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011424147\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Zach\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011043226\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Korčák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-4736\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029388239\",\"display_name\":\"Veronika Andrashko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5488-3345\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018960269\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Viktorinová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5793\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059173727\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Bravermanová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-7061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041658140\",\"display_name\":\"Tom Froese\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-5274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602590\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3107150606" }, { "id": 3491, "title": "Effects of Serotonin Transporter Inhibition on the Subjective Response to Psilocybin in Healthy Subjects", "normalized_title": "effects of serotonin transporter inhibition on the subjective response to psilocybin in healthy subjects", "authors": "University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a classic serotonergic hallucinogen acting on the 5-HT2A receptor. It is used recreationally and in psychiatric research. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like escitalopram are first-line treatments for depression. They inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT). This might cause a possible downregulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors, e.g. the 5-HT2A receptor. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of psilocybin after escitalopram and Placebo pretreatment. Subjective and physiological effects as well as effects on gene expression will be assessed. Psilocybin (the active substance in \"magic mushrooms\") is a classic serotonergic hallucinogen acting on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Psilocybin is used recreationally and in psychiatric research. First studies suggest efficacy in psychiatric disorders, such as depression. SSRIs like escitalopram are currently among the first-line treatments of this disorder. Escitalopram acts as a serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor. However, the link between this mechanism and its positive effects on mood remains to be established. Several studies suggest a possible downregulation of postsynaptic serotonin (5-HT) receptors such as the 5-HT2A receptor. The aim of the study is to assess whether SERT inhibition reduces expression of the gene coding for the 5-HT2A receptor and the response to psilocybin. Participants will be treated with escitalopram (10 mg in the 1st and 20 mg in the 2nd week) or placebo for 14 days. Pretreatment is followed the first study day. A single dose of psilocybin (25 mg) will be administered. Primary study endpoint are the subjective effects on consciousness (measured by the 5D-ASC total score). Secondary study endpoints include additional psychological measurements, plasma concentrations of psilocybin and escitalopram, hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR) gene expression, as well as some safety measures (autonomic effects, ECG). The washout between the first study day and the second pretreatment will be at least 2 days. In the second pretreatment period, participants will be treated with placebo or escitalopram (cross-over) for another 14 days. This is followed by the second study day and administration of psilocybin (25 mg). Based on a power analysis the sample size is 24 participants (12 female and 12 male).", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2020-11-30", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03912974", "keywords": "Healthy, Escitalopram, Placebo oral capsule, COMPLETED", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:27", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT03912974\",\"overall_status\":\"COMPLETED\",\"phase\":[\"PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3271, "title": "A Single Dose of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density and Decreases 5-HT2A Receptor Density in the Pig Brain", "normalized_title": "a single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic density and decreases 5 ht2a receptor density in the pig brain", "authors": "Raval NR, Johansen A, Donovan LL, Ros NF, Ozenne B, Hansen HD, Knudsen GM.", "abstract": "A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic and serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist, may be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanism behind its antidepressive action is unknown but could be linked to increased synaptogenesis and down-regulation of cerebral 5-HT2AR. Here, we investigate if a single psychedelic dose of psilocybin changes synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) and 5-HT2AR density in the pig brain. Twenty-four awake pigs received either 0.08 mg/kg psilocybin or saline intravenously. Twelve pigs (n=6/intervention) were euthanized one day post-injection, while the remaining twelve pigs were euthanized seven days post-injection (n=6/intervention). We performed autoradiography on hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) sections with [3H]UCB-J (SV2A), [3H]MDL100907 (5-HT2AR antagonist) and [3H]Cimbi-36 (5-HT2AR agonist). One day post psilocybin injection, we observed 4.4% higher hippocampal SV2A density and lowered hippocampal and PFC5-HT2AR density (-15.21% to -50.19%). These differences were statistically significant in the hippocampus for all radioligands and in PFC for [3H]Cimbi-36 only. Seven days post-intervention, there was still significantly higher SV2A density in hippocampus (+9.24%) and PFC (+6.1%) whereas there were no longer any differences in 5-HT2AR density. Our findings suggest that psilocybin’s antidepressive actions are linked to increased persistent synaptogenesis and possibly also to an acute decrease in 5-HT2AR density.", "journal": "Preprints.org", "publication_date": "2020-11-29", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.20944/preprints202011.0742.v1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0742.v1", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR246628\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"Preprints.org\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3820, "title": "MDMA-induced changes in within-network connectivity contradict the specificity of these alterations for the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens", "normalized_title": "mdma induced changes in within network connectivity contradict the specificity of these alterations for the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens", "authors": "Felix Müller, Friederike Holze, Patrick C. Dolder, Laura Ley, Patrick Vizeli, Alain Soltermann, Matthias E. Liechti, Stefan Borgwardt", "abstract": "It has been reported that serotonergic hallucinogens like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induce decreases in functional connectivity within various resting-state networks. These alterations were seen as reflecting specific neuronal effects of hallucinogens and it was speculated that these shifts in connectivity underlie the characteristic subjective drug effects. In this study, we test the hypothesis that these alterations are not specific for hallucinogens but that they can be induced by monoaminergic stimulation using the non-hallucinogenic serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design, 45 healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following oral administration of 125 mg MDMA. The networks under question were identified using independent component analysis (ICA) and were tested with regard to within-network connectivity. Results revealed decreased connectivity within two visual networks, the default mode network (DMN), and the sensorimotor network. These findings were almost identical to the results previously reported for hallucinogenic drugs. Therefore, our results suggest that monoaminergic substances can induce widespread changes in within-network connectivity in the absence of marked subjective drug effects. This contradicts the notion that these alterations can be regarded as specific for serotonergic hallucinogens. However, changes within the DMN might explain antidepressants effects of some of these substances.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-11-19", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-020-00906-2", "pubmed_id": "33219313", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-00906-2", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Serotonergic, Monoaminergic, MDMA, Psychology, Neuroscience, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Serotonin, Default mode network, Psilocybin, Dopamine, Pharmacology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Functional Brain Connectivity Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3101729008\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3101729008\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":43,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061374713\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Müller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-6610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028081191\",\"display_name\":\"Friederike Holze\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-1519\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063898329\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick C. Dolder\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-3356\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102828957\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Ley\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9881-4693\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023301996\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick Vizeli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-4446\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046182805\",\"display_name\":\"Alain Soltermann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071962736\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias E. Liechti\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081904403\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan Borgwardt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-3987\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-00906-2\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3101729008" }, { "id": 2217, "title": "Exploratory Controlled Study of the Migraine-Suppressing Effects of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "exploratory controlled study of the migraine suppressing effects of psilocybin", "authors": "Emmanuelle A. D. Schindler, R. Andrew Sewell, Christopher Gottschalk, Christina Luddy, L. Taylor Flynn, Hayley Lindsey, Brian Pittman, Nicholas V. Cozzi, Deepak Cyril D’Souza", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neurotherapeutics", "publication_date": "2020-11-11", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s13311-020-00962-y", "pubmed_id": "33184743", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00962-y", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Migraine, Placebo, Adverse effect, Medicine, Anesthesia, Dosing, Sumatriptan, Neurology, Clinical trial, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Agonist, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3105240299\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":137,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1498290822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522923028\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004916007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007980951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047823540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084476204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114420833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158846562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473812009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2475767983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2497721881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726799618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751240458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751884637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769724041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788524689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791018156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791891207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792120884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904175639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911871414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947247420\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023691240\",\"https://openalex.org/W6629790304\",\"https://openalex.org/W6681909555\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023659439\",\"display_name\":\"Emmanuelle A. D. Schindler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-0365\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064169821\",\"display_name\":\"R. Andrew Sewell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056904977\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Gottschalk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-6910\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007685321\",\"display_name\":\"Christina Luddy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072937937\",\"display_name\":\"L. Taylor Flynn\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028353069\",\"display_name\":\"Hayley Lindsey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-0124\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056238262\",\"display_name\":\"Brian Pittman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-5604\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037184848\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas V. Cozzi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-6063\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081806198\",\"display_name\":\"Deepak Cyril D’Souza\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-1462\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S75519821\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neurotherapeutics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00962-y\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3105240299" }, { "id": 2186, "title": "[Ketamine, psilocybin, and rapid acting antidepressant: new promise for psychiatry?]", "normalized_title": "ketamine psilocybin and rapid acting antidepressant new promise for psychiatry", "authors": "Bottemanne H, Claret A, Fossati P.", "abstract": "The hypothesis of monoaminergic deficiency has long dominated the conceptual framework for the development of new antidepressant strategies, but the limits of conventional antidepressant treatments targeting monoaminergic signaling have motivated the search for new antidepressant pathways. The success of ketamine in the management of depressive disorders has provoked a renewed interest in hallucinogenic substances such as psilocybin targeting the serotonergic signaling 5HT2A and neurosteroid allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors such as brexanolone. Unlike conventional treatments, these modulators of glutamatergic, serotonergic and GABAergic systems exert a rapid antidepressant effect ranging from 24hours to a week. Apart from their clinical interest and the fantasized search for a \"miracle\" molecule that jointly meets the expectations of patients and clinicians, these new targets could lead to the identification of potential new biomarkers for the development of rapid-acting antidepressants and redefine therapeutic strategies in mood disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2020-11-11", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.006", "pubmed_id": "33190819", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.006", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Antidepressive Agents, Psychiatry, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"33190819\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2187, "title": "Transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin", "authors": "Oskar Hougaard Jefsen, Betina Elfving, Gregers Wegener, Heidi Kaastrup Müller", "abstract": "Background: Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic found in “magic mushrooms” with a putative therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction. In rodents, psilocybin acutely induces plasticity-related immediate early genes in cortical tissue; however, studies into the effects on subcortical regions, of different doses, and the subsequent translation of corresponding proteins are lacking. Methods: We examined the acute effects of a single administration of psilocybin (0.5-20 mg/kg) on the expression of selected genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In total, 46 target genes and eight reference genes were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Corresponding protein levels of the three most commonly regulated genes were assessed using Western blotting. Results: In the prefrontal cortex, psilocybin increased the expression of Cebpb, c-Fos, Dups1, Fosb, Junb, Iκβ-α, Nr4a1, P11, Psd95, and Sgk1, and decreased the expression of Clk1. In the hippocampus, psilocybin strongly increased the expression of Arrdc2, Dusp1, Iκβ-α, and Sgk1 in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the expression of Arc, Clk1, Egr2, and Ptgs2. Protein levels of Sgk1, Dusp1, and Iκβ-α showed only partial agreement with transcriptional patterns, stressing the importance of assessing downstream translation when investigating rapid gene responses. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that psilocybin rapidly induces gene expression related to neuroplasticity, biased towards the prefrontal cortex, compared to the hippocampus. Our findings provide further evidence for the rapid plasticity-promoting effects of psilocybin.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-11-03", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/0269881120959614", "pubmed_id": "33143539", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959614", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Prefrontal cortex, Hippocampus, Neuroscience, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Cognition, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094714065\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":123,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1487695731\",\"https://openalex.org/W1532805410\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969125125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991128922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004911098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011245371\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020778578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026743859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032057219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038487059\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049004084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055829187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060035717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065121422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070285245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075278744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075361934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081150698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094863064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120695614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122148359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122384242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126405504\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128551987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154127252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161050830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169412710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172149172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290466312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407277813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410613263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2515280853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552073351\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725596576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781829400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016993897\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236678791\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239438238\",\"https://openalex.org/W4410970690\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080789169\",\"display_name\":\"Oskar Hougaard Jefsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-5158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062999838\",\"display_name\":\"Betina Elfving\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-5088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012173155\",\"display_name\":\"Gregers Wegener\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-0068\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089941210\",\"display_name\":\"Heidi Kaastrup Müller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-8114\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959614\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3094714065" }, { "id": 3826, "title": "P.804A single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic density and decreases 5-HT2A receptor density in the pig brain", "normalized_title": "p 804a single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic density and decreases 5 ht2a receptor density in the pig brain", "authors": "Nakul Ravi Raval, Annette Johansen, Lene Lundgaard Donovan, Nelson Ros, Brice Ozenne, Hanne D. Hansen, Gitte M. Knudsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-10-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.589", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.589", "keywords": "Ant colony optimization algorithms, Computer science, Routing (electronic design automation), Routing protocol, Sorting, Convergence (economics), Computer network, Algorithm, Mathematical optimization, Mathematics, Economic growth, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3118379705\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3118379705\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2933363539\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016318094\",\"display_name\":\"Nakul Ravi Raval\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-7219\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072267838\",\"display_name\":\"Annette Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-2368\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060262643\",\"display_name\":\"Lene Lundgaard Donovan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111458243\",\"display_name\":\"Nelson Ros\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005785269\",\"display_name\":\"Hanne D. Hansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-7627\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.589\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3118379705" }, { "id": 2202, "title": "Stability of psilocybin and its four analogs in the biomass of the psychotropic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis", "normalized_title": "stability of psilocybin and its four analogs in the biomass of the psychotropic mushroom psilocybe cubensis", "authors": "Klára Gotvaldová, Kateřina Hájková, Jan Borovička, Radek Jurok, Petra Cihlářová, Martin Kuchař", "abstract": "Psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin are tryptamines structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Psilocybin and its pharmacologically active metabolite psilocin in particular are known for their psychoactive effects. These substances typically occur in most species of the genus Psilocybe (Fungi, Strophariaceae). Even the sclerotia of some of these fungi known as \"magic truffles\" are of growing interest in microdosing due to them improving cognitive function studies. In addition to microdosing studies, psilocybin has also been applied in clinical studies, but only its pure form has been administrated so far. Moreover, the determination of tryptamine alkaloids is used in forensic analysis. In this study, freshly cultivated fruit bodies of Psilocybe cubensis were used for monitoring stability (including storage and processing conditions of fruiting bodies). Furthermore, mycelium and the individual parts of the fruiting bodies (caps, stipes, and basidiospores) were also examined. The concentration of tryptamines in final extracts was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. No tryptamines were detected in the basidiospores, and only psilocin was present at 0.47 wt.% in the mycelium. The stipes contained approximately half the amount of tryptamine alkaloids (0.52 wt.%) than the caps (1.03 wt.%); however, these results were not statistically significant, as the concentration of tryptamines in individual fruiting bodies is highly variable. The storage conditions showed that the highest degradation of tryptamines was seen in fresh mushrooms stored at -80°C, and the lowest decay was seen in dried biomass stored in the dark at room temperature.", "journal": "Drug Testing and Analysis", "publication_date": "2020-10-28", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/dta.2950", "pubmed_id": "33119971", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2950", "keywords": "Tryptamine, Psilocybin, Tryptamines, Chemistry, Mushroom, Metabolite, Mycelium, Food science, Botany, Hallucinogen, Biology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094690508\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":68,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W199370843\",\"https://openalex.org/W326994033\",\"https://openalex.org/W561083445\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970885876\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977511640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996763597\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998218325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009390034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015086459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018097408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018957682\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027191929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045514302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062765660\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067074477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067240620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081244857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082270913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099103834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110879932\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111988752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122270160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126698385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130590956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143389076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154524838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164981793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2310716645\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415647721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2481255038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767875882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774349944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802656036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964739697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"https://openalex.org/W2988070888\",\"https://openalex.org/W3001852373\",\"https://openalex.org/W3092077951\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211002800\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252339940\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254185355\",\"https://openalex.org/W6631999663\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063034973\",\"display_name\":\"Klára Gotvaldová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0774-4454\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000277095\",\"display_name\":\"Kateřina Hájková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-2472\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071778852\",\"display_name\":\"Jan Borovička\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-558X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091503846\",\"display_name\":\"Radek Jurok\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-1745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077896144\",\"display_name\":\"Petra Cihlářová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-0697\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S36361591\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug Testing and Analysis\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2950\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3094690508" }, { "id": 2181, "title": "Brain serotonin 2A receptor binding predicts subjective temporal and mystical effects of psilocybin in healthy humans", "normalized_title": "brain serotonin 2a receptor binding predicts subjective temporal and mystical effects of psilocybin in healthy humans", "authors": "Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, M. Madsen, Brice Ozenne, Sara Kristiansen, Daniel Burmester, David Erritzøe, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with psychoactive effects mediated by serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation. It produces an acute psychedelic altered state of consciousness with a unique phenomenology that can be temporally characterized by three intensity phases: onset of psychoactive effect, a peak plateau and return to normal consciousness. AIMS: We evaluated whether pre-drug brain 5-HT2AR binding predicted the three phases of psilocybin subjective drug intensity (SDI) and retrospective self-report of mystical type experiences in healthy individuals. METHOD: C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography scan to assess 5-HT2AR binding. On a separate day, participants completed a single psilocybin session (oral dose range 0.2-0.3 mg/kg), during which SDI was assessed every 20 min. The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) was completed at the end of the session. The three SDI phases were modelled using segmented linear regressions. We evaluated the associations between neocortex 5-HT2AR binding and SDI/MEQ outcomes using linear regression models. RESULTS: Neocortex 5-HT2AR was statistically significantly negatively associated with peak plateau duration and positively with time to return to normal waking consciousness. It was also statistically significantly negatively associated with MEQ total score. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate how individual brain 5-HT2AR binding predicts subjective effects of a single dose of psilocybin. Our findings reinforce the role of cerebral 5-HT2AR in shaping the temporal and mystical features of the psychedelic experience. Future studies should examine whether individual brain levels of 5-HT2AR have an impact on therapeutic outcomes in clinical studies.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-10-07", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/0269881120959609", "pubmed_id": "33501857", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959609", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Internal medicine, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3091936754\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":81,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971729817\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978737075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990005524\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002224654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017307521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039391993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052538643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053481547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067940063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076806084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102383881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130668599\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136464549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137226568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2262920652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2589071607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793096639\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903001666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923436703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992322507\",\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107600706\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120959609\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mystical Experience,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3091936754" }, { "id": 1868, "title": "Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention", "normalized_title": "microdosing psychedelics subjective benefits and challenges substance testing behavior and the relevance of intention", "authors": "Rotem Petranker, Thomas Anderson, Larissa J. Maier, Monica J. Barratt, Jason Ferris, Adam Winstock", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Despite its surging popularity, little is known about the specific intentions to start microdosing and the effects of this practice. AIMS: First, we aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the subjective benefits and challenges reported for microdosing. Second, we assessed whether people who microdose test their substances before consumption. Third, we examined whether having an approach-intention to microdosing was predictive of more reported benefits. METHODS: The Global Drug Survey runs the world's largest online drug survey. Participants who reported last year use of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the Global Drug Survey 2019 were offered the opportunity to answer a sub-section on microdosing. RESULTS: Data from 6753 people who reported microdosing at least once in the last 12 months were used for analyses. Our results suggest a partial replication of previously reported benefits and challenges among the present sample often reporting enhanced mood, creativity, focus and sociability. Counter to our prediction, the most common challenge participants associated with microdosing was 'None'. As predicted, most participants reported not testing their substances. Counter to our hypothesis, approach-intention - microdosing to approach a desired goal - predicted less rather than more benefits. We discuss alternate frameworks that may better capture the reasons people microdose. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the perceived benefits associated with microdosing greatly outweigh the challenges. Microdosing may have utility for a variety of uses while having minimal side effects. Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments are required to substantiate these reports.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-10-07", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/0269881120953994", "pubmed_id": "33591231", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120953994", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MicroDose, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Nocebo Effect, Pharmacology, Clinical psychology, Placebo, Medicine, Psychiatry, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Receptor, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:48:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3092151265\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3092151265\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":56,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1980889629\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983065505\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985949783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061900306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086829826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119314959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121914264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342018515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2617950715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2632475132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782336381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899405464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945335566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2946918750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"https://openalex.org/W3048336546\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012017884\",\"display_name\":\"Rotem Petranker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-0109\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082063863\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Anderson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-5219\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088549567\",\"display_name\":\"Larissa J. Maier\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-0488\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061940307\",\"display_name\":\"Monica J. Barratt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-9379\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065722206\",\"display_name\":\"Jason Ferris\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-0173\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067738102\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Winstock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-8015\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120953994\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Creativity,Observational Study,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3092151265" }, { "id": 3831, "title": "The Role of Psychedelics and Counseling in Mental Health Treatment", "normalized_title": "the role of psychedelics and counseling in mental health treatment", "authors": "Russ Curtis, Lisen C. Roberts, Elizabeth Graves, Heather Thompson Rainey, D. D. Wynn, Daphne Krantz, Verena Wieloch", "abstract": "Psychedelics (i.e., ketamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, psilocybin) have been effectively used globally for centuries to treat mental health and addiction issues. However, in the 1950s-1970s, a number of factors, including misuse, abuse, and poorly conceptualized and conducted clinical trials, caused the Federal Drug Administration to classify most of the psychedelic substances as having no medical value. Now, however, recent research is indicating that psychedelic-assisted therapy can significantly reduce depression and suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant clients, and it may be efficacious in treating other mental health and addiction issues as well. Researchers have also identified the critical therapeutic components that ensure effective psychedelic-assisted therapy, not least the need for mental health counseling before, during, and after treatment. The purpose of this manuscript is to share the latest psychedelic therapy research and to discuss how mental health counselors can contribute to this reemerging therapeutic trend.", "journal": "Journal of Mental Health Counseling", "publication_date": "2020-09-30", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.17744/mehc.42.4.03", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.4.03", "keywords": "Mental health, Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Addiction, Suicidal ideation, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Substance abuse, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Suicide prevention, Poison control, Environmental health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094549229\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3094549229\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":28,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1818523973\",\"https://openalex.org/W1846632583\",\"https://openalex.org/W1877280491\",\"https://openalex.org/W1944089400\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967791661\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990958891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001298144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004762037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016359852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020024432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044440339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045988021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047887813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066323805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069122038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091363925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097063953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111728433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121685154\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127569985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128918664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152644978\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154766235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2193378755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272843035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326523421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2422079377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2525190545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590375860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2745723818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767321080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774218904\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782742955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784219766\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796179442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809565885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883869741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892030583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899027265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899405464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945042302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2987806382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129763680\",\"https://openalex.org/W3148796330\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6749774858\",\"https://openalex.org/W6762643527\",\"https://openalex.org/W6770400863\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001039614\",\"display_name\":\"Russ Curtis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-6881\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031043687\",\"display_name\":\"Lisen C. Roberts\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-3028\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037955905\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Graves\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-6304\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042471446\",\"display_name\":\"Heather Thompson Rainey\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-975X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058770988\",\"display_name\":\"D. D. Wynn\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Daphne Krantz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011114391\",\"display_name\":\"Verena Wieloch\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764850752\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Mental Health Counseling\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.4.03\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3094549229" }, { "id": 2242, "title": "Efficacy of psychedelic treatments on depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis.", "normalized_title": "efficacy of psychedelic treatments on depressive symptoms a meta analysis", "authors": "Romeo B, Karila L, Martelli C, Benyamina A", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs have shown an efficacy in some psychiatric disorders and have an original mechanism of action with a 5-HT agonism. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess by a quantitative analysis the putative efficacy of psychedelic drugs on depressive symptoms and to investigate the kinetic of this efficacy. We searched the MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases through April 2019, without limits on year of publication. Means and standard deviations were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD). Scores of depressive symptoms were compared with baseline scores at days 7, 14, and 21; weeks 4-5 and 6-8; and months 3 and 6. Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. A significant decrease of depressive symptoms was found from day 1 ( = 5 studies; SMD = -1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.33 to -0.48, = 0.003) to 6 months ( = 4 studies; SMD = -1.07, 95% CI: -1.44 to -0.7, This meta-analysis shows that psychedelic treatments were safe and could contribute to a rapid improvement of depressive symptoms.", "journal": "Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)", "publication_date": "2020-09-30", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1177/0269881120919957", "pubmed_id": "32448048", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32448048/", "keywords": "Psychedelics, ayahuasca, depressive symptoms, meta-analysis, psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"32448048\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Meta-Analysis", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3834, "title": "Wait for the Science Before Widespread Use of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "wait for the science before widespread use of psilocybin", "authors": "Nicole Harrington Cirino", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ViewpointsFull AccessWait for the Science Before Widespread Use of PsilocybinNicole Harrington Cirino, M.D.Nicole Harrington Cirino, M.D.Published Online:28 Sep 2020https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.10a32AbstractThe momentum behind psilocybin as the next big \"breakthrough\" in treating psychiatric disorders is strong, but Oregon psychiatrists and APA have had to push back psilocybin enthusiasts from making unsafe and premature laws for the use of psilocybin for vulnerable psychiatric patients looking for a cure. Over 112,000 Oregon residents signed a petition and made campaign donations topping $1.2 million to put the question of whether psilocybin-which is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-should be legalized on the November ballot in Oregon. Measure 109, The Psilocybin Program Initiative, is the first psilocybin treatment measure being proposed in the United States. It is gaining significant support from the psilocybin community. The Oregon Psilocybin Society is leading the Yes vote on the Measure 109 campaign. The society was formed by Portland-area psychotherapists Thomas and Sheri Eckert (both master's-level psychotherapists). Missing from the planning or initiation of the initiative is any mention of or oversight by Oregon psychiatrists.The Oregon Psychiatric Physicians Association (OPPA) and APA have both voiced their opposition for this measure for three main reasons: (1) safety and efficacy have not yet been established for psilocybin, (2) using majority public vote via ballot initiative to bypass FDA approval for a new medical treatment is dangerous, and (3) if passed, the use of psilocybin will not require oversight by medical professionals, particularly psychiatrists.Measure 109 as written would allow the \"manufacture, delivery, and administration\" of the hallucinogenic drug psilocybin for the treatment of \"including but not limited to addiction, depression, anxiety disorders, and end of-life psychological distress\" by nonmedical providers.Those following the scientific data know that neither safety nor efficacy has been established according to FDA guidelines or clinical trials. The psychiatric community generally agrees with the FDA-that early limited trials have shown that this new treatment has potential. The FDA has given psilocybin \"breakthrough therapy\" status for major depressive disorder to Usona pharmaceuticals whose phase 2 trials are still under way. Phase 3 trials have yet to even start for psilocybin.Psilocybin is believed to act on serotonin receptors and induce hallucinations as its main proposed mechanism of action. Studies have not yet explored basic drug interactions with other serotonergic or dopaminergic agents, the impact on psychiatric conditions vulnerable to psychosis, dose, side-effect profile, and efficacy for the treatment of substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and other comorbid psychiatric conditions. In essence, Measure 109 allows prescribing of a non-FDA approved Schedule 1 controlled substance by a nonmedical practitioner for an overly inclusive range of psychiatric conditions.In a letter in August to Oregon Secretary of State Bev Clarno, APA CEO and Medical Director Saul Levin, M.D., M.P.A., stated, \"Treating patients with mental health and substance use disorders is complex, due to the fact that more than half of these patients also have an underlying physical illness. Given our limited understanding of psilocybin's effects on patients and how it may interact with other medications, it is dangerous to allow practitioners-especially those with no medical training-to dispense a controlled substance.\"Psychiatrists, as physicians and experts in the treatment of psychiatric conditions, urge psilocybin nonphysician enthusiasts to slow down and wait for the science. It is dangerous to promote widespread use of psilocybin to vulnerable Oregonians with psychiatric conditions. ■The views expressed in this article do not represent the views of OHSU.The letter by Saul Levin, M.D., M.P.A., is posted here.Nicole Harrington Cirino, M.D., is president of the Oregon Psychiatric Physicians Association and an associate professor of psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology at the Oregon Health and Science University. ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2020-09-28", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2020.10a32", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.10a32", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ballot, Psychiatry, Opposition (politics), Psychology, Political science, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Law, Politics, Voting, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3091539953\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3091539953\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002035022\",\"display_name\":\"Nicole Harrington Cirino\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.10a32\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3091539953" }, { "id": 3835, "title": "Drugs in therapy. LSD, MDMA, marijuana, psilocybin, designer drugs and its potential in modern medicine.", "normalized_title": "drugs in therapy lsd mdma marijuana psilocybin designer drugs and its potential in modern medicine", "authors": "Agata Tadeja", "abstract": "Drugs in therapy. LSD, MDMA, marijuana, psilocybin, designer drugs and its potential in modern medicine", "journal": "Farmacja Polska", "publication_date": "2020-09-27", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.32383/farmpol/127922", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/127922", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Designer drug, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Medicine, Ecstasy, Pharmacology, Drug, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3089863787\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3089863787\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1555298184\",\"https://openalex.org/W1559818778\",\"https://openalex.org/W1934432179\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963739241\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981837716\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982917705\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984458120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013576699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014505180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017358382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028794471\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050365988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058009459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075552167\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083366519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098783607\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115671963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133416128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160823143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2184829138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2292122553\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330610581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2420933235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2745510955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766629246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2786291440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892030583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2904833627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2906973890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907264213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923355729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951356588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2969599245\",\"https://openalex.org/W3120106258\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312861627\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058537148\",\"display_name\":\"Agata Tadeja\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-2978\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210192982\",\"source_display_name\":\"Farmacja Polska\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/127922\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3089863787" }, { "id": 3836, "title": "Classic Psychedelics as a Psychotherapeutic Aid in the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder: a Case Report", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics as a psychotherapeutic aid in the treatment of stimulant use disorder a case report", "authors": "Shevaugn Johnson, Quentin Black", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction", "publication_date": "2020-09-13", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s11469-020-00398-7", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00398-7", "keywords": "Polysubstance dependence, Stimulant, Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Psychology, Mood, Mental health, Substance abuse, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3084681378\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3084681378\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074779884\",\"display_name\":\"Shevaugn Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-3874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072640627\",\"display_name\":\"Quentin Black\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S47841752\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00398-7\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3084681378" }, { "id": 2229, "title": "P300-mediated modulations in self-other processing under psychedelic psilocybin are related to connectedness and changed meaning: A window into the self-other overlap", "normalized_title": "p300 mediated modulations in self other processing under psychedelic psilocybin are related to connectedness and changed meaning a window into the self other overlap", "authors": "Lukasz Smigielski, Michael Kometer, Milan Scheidegger, Cornelia Stress, Katrin H. Preller, Thomas Koenig, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "The concept of self and self-referential processing has a growing explanatory value in psychiatry and neuroscience, referring to the cognitive organization and perceptual differentiation of self-stimuli in health and disease. Conditions in which selfhood loses its natural coherence offer a unique opportunity for elucidating the mechanisms underlying self-disturbances. We assessed the psychoactive effects of psilocybin (230 μg/kg p.o.), a preferential 5-HT1A/2A agonist known to induce shifts in self-perception. Our placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject crossover experiment (n = 17) implemented a verbal self-monitoring task involving vocalizations and participant identification of real-time auditory source- (self/other) and pitch-modulating feedback. Subjective experience and task performance were analyzed, with time-point-by-time-point assumption-free multivariate randomization statistics applied to the spatiotemporal dynamics of event-related potentials. Psilocybin-modulated self-experience, interacted with source to affect task accuracy, and altered the late phase of self-stimuli encoding by abolishing the distinctiveness of self- and other-related electric field configurations during the P300 timeframe. This last effect was driven by current source density changes within the supragenual anterior cingulate and right insular cortex. The extent of the P300 effect was associated with the intensity of psilocybin-induced feelings of unity and changed meaning of percepts. Modulations of late encoding and their underlying neural generators in self-referential processing networks via 5-HT signaling may be key for understanding self-disorders. This mechanism may reflect a neural instantiation of altered self-other and relational meaning processing in a stimulus-locked time domain. The study elucidates the neuropharmacological foundation of subjectivity, with implications for therapy, underscoring the concept of connectedness.", "journal": "Human Brain Mapping", "publication_date": "2020-08-20", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/hbm.25174", "pubmed_id": "32820851", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25174", "keywords": "Psychology, Psilocybin, Anterior cingulate cortex, Cognition, Cognitive psychology, Neuroscience, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Perception, Insula, Optimal distinctiveness theory, Stimulus (psychology), Anhedonia, Hallucinogen, Social psychology, Dopamine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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Smigielski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066258321\",\"display_name\":\"Cornelia Stress\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066778919\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Koenig\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-4638\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S121666818\",\"source_display_name\":\"Human Brain Mapping\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25174\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3080679302" }, { "id": 2151, "title": "Psychedelic science in post-COVID-19 psychiatry", "normalized_title": "psychedelic science in post covid 19 psychiatry", "authors": "John R. Kelly, Matthew Crockett, Laith Alexander, Martin Haran, Amanda Baker, Lisa M. Burke, Christine Brennan, Veronica O’Keane", "abstract": "The medium- to long-term consequences of COVID-19 are not yet known, though an increase in mental health problems are predicted. Multidisciplinary strategies across socio-economic and psychological levels may be needed to mitigate the mental health burden of COVID-19. Preliminary evidence from the rapidly progressing field of psychedelic science shows that psilocybin therapy offers a promising transdiagnostic treatment strategy for a range of disorders with restricted and maladaptive habitual patterns of cognition and behaviour, notably depression, addiction and obsessive compulsive disorder. The COMPASS Pathways (COMPASS) phase 2b double-blind trial of psilocybin therapy in antidepressant-free, treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is underway to determine the safety, efficacy and optimal dose of psilocybin. Results from the Imperial College London Psilodep-RCT comparing the efficacy and mechanisms of action of psilocybin therapy to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram will soon be published. However, the efficacy and safety of psilocybin therapy in conjunction with SSRIs in TRD is not yet known. An additional COMPASS study, with a centre in Dublin, will begin to address this question, with potential implications for the future delivery of psilocybin therapy. While at a relatively early stage of clinical development, and notwithstanding the immense challenges of COVID-19, psilocybin therapy has the potential to play an important therapeutic role for various psychiatric disorders in post-COVID-19 clinical psychiatry.", "journal": "Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine", "publication_date": "2020-08-18", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1017/ipm.2020.94", "pubmed_id": "32811575", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.94", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Major depressive disorder, Mental health, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Psychotherapist, Medicine, Cognition, Internal medicine, Disease, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3054886531\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3054886531\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":16,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1522923028\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972616052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118540296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335184277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605025653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2728001011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771056291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790481213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801130428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2911871414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2927836703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2928040767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945506353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2953257138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2975755375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996233343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"https://openalex.org/W3000549374\",\"https://openalex.org/W3005441929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007563926\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015197879\",\"https://openalex.org/W3015282482\",\"https://openalex.org/W3016115444\",\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"https://openalex.org/W3024299552\",\"https://openalex.org/W3025327295\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"https://openalex.org/W3027721867\",\"https://openalex.org/W3029319782\",\"https://openalex.org/W3029949376\",\"https://openalex.org/W3030352285\",\"https://openalex.org/W3038388367\",\"https://openalex.org/W3039116382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3042231705\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046100757\",\"https://openalex.org/W6748934734\",\"https://openalex.org/W6768497803\",\"https://openalex.org/W6776976687\",\"https://openalex.org/W6781828359\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046590180\",\"display_name\":\"John R. Kelly\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-0615\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020522066\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew Crockett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-9395\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083636574\",\"display_name\":\"Laith Alexander\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-6548\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061273027\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Haran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-5978\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034304108\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Baker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-7146\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102738800\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa M. Burke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-2912\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069190672\",\"display_name\":\"Christine Brennan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-439X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020131072\",\"display_name\":\"Veronica O’Keane\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-099X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S27105705\",\"source_display_name\":\"Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.94\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3054886531" }, { "id": 3842, "title": "4 Psychedelics: therapeutic mechanisms", "normalized_title": "4 psychedelics therapeutic mechanisms", "authors": "Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "Robin Carhart-Harris moved to Imperial College London in 2008 after obtaining a PhD in Psychopharmacology from the University of Bristol and an MA in Psychoanalysis from Brunel University. At Imperial, he has designed and/or carried out brain imaging studies involving LSD, psilocybin, MDMA and DMT, plus a clinical trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression, and an ongoing study comparing psilocybin with escitalopram for major depressive disorder. In 2019, he set-up the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial and he also an honorary position with the University of Oxford. The talk takes a multi-level approach to the question of how psychedelics work in the brain. Key themes include: the pharmacology of classic serotonergic psychedelics, what this tells us about the function and evolutionary purpose of the serotonin 2A receptor, the acute brain effects of psychedelics as determined by functional brain imaging, the entropic brain hypothesis, current evidence for psychedelic therapy, the ‘REBUS’ hierarchical predictive processing model of the action of psychedelics, and how this maps on to the phenomenology of the acute psychedelic experience and therapeutic outcomes.", "journal": "Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2020-07-19", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.4", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.4", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychoanalysis, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3044110502\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3044110502\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S134773490\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.4\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3044110502" }, { "id": 3846, "title": "A potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder", "normalized_title": "a potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Edward Jacobs", "abstract": "Abstract The recent revivification of interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelics has had a particular focus on mood disorders and addiction, although there is reason to think these drugs may be effective more widely. After outlining pertinent aspects of psilocybin and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the current review summarizes the evidence indicating that there may be a role for psilocybin in the treatment of OCD, as well as highlighting a range of potential therapeutic mechanisms that reflect the action of psilocybin on brain function. Although the current evidence is limited, that multiple signals point in directions consistent with treatment potential, alongside the psychological and physiological safety of clinically administered psilocybin, support the expansion of research, both in animal models and in further randomized controlled trials, to properly investigate this potential.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2020-05-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2020.00128", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2020.00128", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Obsessive compulsive, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Mood, Psychotherapist, Addiction, Psychiatry, Medicine, Clinical psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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Jacobs\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-7233\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2020.00128\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3048223422" }, { "id": 2255, "title": "Psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that support perception, memory, and attention", "normalized_title": "psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that support perception memory and attention", "authors": "Frederick S. Barrett, Samuel R. Krimmel, Roland R. Griffiths, David A. Seminowicz, Brian N. Mathur", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs, including the serotonin 2a (5-HT2A) receptor partial agonist psilocybin, are receiving renewed attention for their possible efficacy in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Psilocybin induces widespread dysregulation of cortical activity, but circuit-level mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus that highly expresses 5-HT2A receptors and provides glutamatergic inputs to arguably all areas of the cerebral cortex. We therefore tested the hypothesis that psilocybin modulates claustrum function in humans. Fifteen healthy participants (10M, 5F) completed this within-subjects study in which whole-brain resting-state blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal was measured 100 ​min after blinded oral administration of placebo and 10 mg/70 ​kg psilocybin. Left and right claustrum signal was isolated using small region confound correction. Psilocybin significantly decreased both the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations as well as the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum. Psilocybin also significantly decreased functional connectivity of the right claustrum with auditory and default mode networks (DMN), increased right claustrum connectivity with the fronto-parietal task control network (FPTC), and decreased left claustrum connectivity with the FPTC. DMN integrity was associated with right-claustrum connectivity with the DMN, while FPTC integrity and modularity were associated with right claustrum and left claustrum connectivity with the FPTC, respectively. Subjective effects of psilocybin predicted changes in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum. Observed effects were specific to claustrum, compared to flanking regions of interest (the left and right insula and putamen). This study used a pharmacological intervention to provide the first empirical evidence in any species for a significant role of 5-HT2A receptor signaling in claustrum functioning, and supports a possible role of the claustrum in the subjective and therapeutic effects of psilocybin.", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2020-05-22", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980", "pubmed_id": "32454209", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Claustrum, Perception, Neuroscience, Functional connectivity, Psychology, Serotonin, Cognitive psychology, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Nucleus, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072690915\",\"display_name\":\"Samuel R. Krimmel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5198-1545\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082953471\",\"display_name\":\"David A. Seminowicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-3756\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026298510\",\"display_name\":\"Brian N. Mathur\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-8625\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3027721867" }, { "id": 2233, "title": "Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin", "normalized_title": "me myself bye regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin", "authors": "Natasha L. Mason, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Felix Müller, Johannes T. Reckweg, Desmond H. Y. Tse, Stefan W. Toennes, Nadia R. P. W. Hutten, Jacobus F.A. Jansen, Peter Stiers, Amanda Feilding, Johannes G. Ramaekers", "abstract": "There is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic substances, like psilocybin, for disorders characterized by distortions of the self-experience, like depression. Accumulating preclinical evidence emphasizes the role of the glutamate system in the acute action of the drug on brain and behavior; however this has never been tested in humans. Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design, we utilized an ultra-high field multimodal brain imaging approach and demonstrated that psilocybin (0.17 mg/kg) induced region-dependent alterations in glutamate, which predicted distortions in the subjective experience of one's self (ego dissolution). Whereas higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced ego dissolution, lower levels in hippocampal glutamate were associated with positively experienced ego dissolution. Such findings provide further insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the psychedelic, as well as the baseline, state. Importantly, they may also provide a neurochemical basis for therapeutic effects as witnessed in ongoing clinical trials.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-05-22", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8", "pubmed_id": "32446245", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neurochemical, Glutamate receptor, Psychology, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Hippocampal formation, Psychiatry, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3027590463\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":261,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W159676469\",\"https://openalex.org/W1926198785\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967075670\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967724103\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970076964\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973741448\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983183519\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985327120\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985920331\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002081170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007011615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008659680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014643576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019803062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024232708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039200237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047862976\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061871785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062088700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074000411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074270863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079450984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084892943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085598752\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086861479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087317982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104150998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105916826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111990860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113525305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131761257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133462240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134539998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137981069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152160545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162010696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163830705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166045982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171112603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2280429408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2377185146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592111319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765493481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2768851887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792211781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885455509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888688605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892061340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2902820651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907315963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938570586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949283084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008758753\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239785504\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041055116\",\"display_name\":\"Natasha L. Mason\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0389\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024651565\",\"display_name\":\"Kim P. C. Kuypers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061374713\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Müller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-6610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062559490\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes T. Reckweg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-6334\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062957500\",\"display_name\":\"Desmond H. Y. Tse\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-7707\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090253811\",\"display_name\":\"Stefan W. Toennes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-3201\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064339250\",\"display_name\":\"Nadia R. P. W. Hutten\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-8119\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022027850\",\"display_name\":\"Jacobus F.A. Jansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-8060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083673110\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Stiers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-1474\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024899439\",\"display_name\":\"Johannes G. Ramaekers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-376X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3027590463" }, { "id": 3853, "title": "Data justify further research on potential of psychedelics in treating psychiatric disorders", "normalized_title": "data justify further research on potential of psychedelics in treating psychiatric disorders", "authors": "", "abstract": "Although research findings to date do not support the use of psychedelic compounds in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, the existing body of research justifies continued investigation, a literature review concludes. The review found the most significant evidence supporting use of psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Both of these drugs have been given “breakthrough therapy” designation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is intended to expedite the evaluation and development of drug candidates that might offer significant advantages over existing treatments for serious illnesses.", "journal": "The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update", "publication_date": "2020-05-05", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/pu.30581", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.30581", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Food and drug administration, Medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Drug, Psychology, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4249590091\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4249590091\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1022177896\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pu.30581\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4249590091" }, { "id": 3854, "title": "Binding Interactions of Psilocin and Serotonin in the 5-HT2A Receptor", "normalized_title": "binding interactions of psilocin and serotonin in the 5 ht2a receptor", "authors": "Katie R. Barnes, Stephanie N. Lewis", "abstract": "Psilocin is a molecule found in psilocybin mushrooms, which are typically consumed recreationally for their hallucinogenic effects. Recently, studies have shown that psilocin can have almost immediate antidepressant effects in patients who are treatment-resistant to medications that increase serotonin levels in the synapse. Researchers believe that the molecule works by suppressing activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala, which are both brain structures involved in the emotional aspect of depression. However, psilocin’s exact mechanism of action and binding characteristics in the body remain unknown. Using Chimera for visualization and AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina for docking, psilocin and serotonin were separately docked in a crystallized 5-HT2A receptor. Key residues were identified using existing information in the RCSB database. Once the ligands were docked, the lengths of the potential bonds between atoms of the ligands and the key residues within the receptor were measured to determine if they were close enough to each other to interact. Serotonin had multiple possible hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions; however, psilocin only had one potential hydrophobic interaction. The main structural difference between psilocin and serotonin is the presence of the phosphate group in psilocin; therefore, studies of phosphate’s binding properties within the 5-HT2A receptor could potentially provide insight on the efficacy of psilocin.", "journal": "VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)", "publication_date": "2020-05-04", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99299", "keywords": "Artifact (error), World Wide Web, Serotonin, Studio, Psychology, Computer science, Neuroscience, Chemistry, Receptor, Biochemistry, Telecommunications, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3048778283\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3048778283\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032575639\",\"display_name\":\"Katie R. Barnes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003228283\",\"display_name\":\"Stephanie N. Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-2069\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400248\",\"source_display_name\":\"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99299\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3048778283" }, { "id": 2266, "title": "Psilocybin and LSD have no long-lasting effects in an animal model of alcohol relapse", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and lsd have no long lasting effects in an animal model of alcohol relapse", "authors": "Marcus W. Meinhardt, Cansu Güngör, Ivan Skorodumov, Lea J. Mertens, Rainer Spanagel", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-05-04", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-020-0694-z", "pubmed_id": "32369828", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0694-z", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Alcohol use disorder, Relapse prevention, Hallucinogen, Animal model, Clinical trial, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Animal studies, Psychotherapist, Alcohol, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3020950088\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":66,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W289983388\",\"https://openalex.org/W1034247536\",\"https://openalex.org/W1495247157\",\"https://openalex.org/W1543276710\",\"https://openalex.org/W1949065868\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966449636\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996607457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001116453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008368690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015207248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016115765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021136584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046649514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060369973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066529122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092297027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094614798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111990860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131937487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153773787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160397887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2323246336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2397757704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744192774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782063084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2888119399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892043638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919894573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981686921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983179222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2990036135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2992322507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2996181392\",\"https://openalex.org/W3007315114\",\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236260884\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247713842\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013945938\",\"display_name\":\"Marcus W. Meinhardt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-0731\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102356840\",\"display_name\":\"Cansu Güngör\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079196313\",\"display_name\":\"Ivan Skorodumov\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-9745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070309082\",\"display_name\":\"Lea J. Mertens\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-3941\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016315764\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Spanagel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-4521\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0694-z\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3020950088" }, { "id": 2280, "title": "Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species.", "normalized_title": "correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species", "authors": "Halberstadt AL, Chatha M, Klein AK, Wallach J, Brandt SD", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induce head twitches in rodents via 5-HT receptor activation. The goal of the present investigation was to determine whether a correlation exists between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response (HTR) paradigm and their reported potencies in other species, specifically rats and humans. Dose-response experiments were conducted with phenylalkylamine and tryptamine hallucinogens in C57BL/6J mice, enlarging the available pool of HTR potency data to 41 total compounds. For agents where human data are available (n = 36), a strong positive correlation (r = 0.9448) was found between HTR potencies in mice and reported hallucinogenic potencies in humans. HTR potencies were also found to be correlated with published drug discrimination ED values for substitution in rats trained with either LSD (r = 0.9484, n = 16) or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (r = 0.9564, n = 21). All three of these behavioral effects (HTR in mice, hallucinogen discriminative stimulus effects in rats, and psychedelic effects in humans) have been linked to 5-HT receptor activation. We present evidence that hallucinogens induce these three effects with remarkably consistent potencies. In addition to having high construct validity, the HTR assay also appears to show significant predictive validity, confirming its translational relevance for predicting subjective potency of hallucinogens in humans. These findings support the use of the HTR paradigm as a preclinical model of hallucinogen psychopharmacology and in structure-activity relationship studies of hallucinogens. Future investigations with a larger number of test agents will evaluate whether the HTR assay can be used to predict the hallucinogenic potency of 5-HT agonists in humans. \"This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-04-30", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107933", "pubmed_id": "31917152", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31917152/", "keywords": "Behavioral model, DMT, DOM, Head shake, Mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, NBOMe, Psilocybin, Psychedelic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:39", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"31917152\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3856, "title": "Klassiske psykedeliske stoffer - inkl. psilocybin og LSD", "normalized_title": "klassiske psykedeliske stoffer inkl psilocybin og lsd", "authors": "Morten Hesse", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2020-04-21", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/45be7e79-66e2-4f51-af03-6c20860526cd", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Art, Computer science, Chemistry, Psychiatry, Receptor, Biochemistry, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412327862\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4412327862\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068085008\",\"display_name\":\"Morten Hesse\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-6554\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/45be7e79-66e2-4f51-af03-6c20860526cd\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412327862" }, { "id": 3858, "title": "Psychedelics for Psychiatric Disorders: More Research Needed", "normalized_title": "psychedelics for psychiatric disorders more research needed", "authors": "Nick Zagorski", "abstract": "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessPsychedelics for Psychiatric Disorders: More Research NeededNick ZagorskiNick ZagorskiSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:13 Apr 2020https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.4a14AbstractAPA’s Work Group on Biomarkers and Novel Treatments suggests that psychedelic drug trials need more standard protocols and rating scales to help bring promising research to the next level.iStock/agsandrewInterest in psychedelic agents for the treatment of psychiatric disorders continues to grow. Even the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken notice: Over the past couple of years, the agency gave breakthrough drug status to psilocybin (magic mushrooms) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) for the treatment of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively. Such a designation is meant to expedite the development and review of drugs that are intended to treat a serious condition.To help psychiatrists and other mental health professionals navigate this emerging field, APA’s Work Group on Biomarkers and Novel Treatments (a component of APA’s Council on Research) published a detailed report on the clinical application of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric disorders in AJP in Advance. The review includes a rundown of the pharmacology of four psychedelic agents-MDMA, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ayahuasca-and describes studies that have examined the effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of mood disorders, substance use disorders, and more. The review also offers suggestions on how psychedelic research should proceed.“If you grew up in the 1970s like me when psychedelics were criminalized and maligned, you could easily dismiss the medical potential of psychedelics,” said William McDonald, M.D., the J. B. Fuqua Chair for Late-Life Depression at Emory University and a member of the APA work group. “But there is a wealth of data on these agents, and the research with MDMA and psilocybin is particularly exciting.”As noted in the report, there have been placebo-controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of MDMA in treating patients with PTSD and of psilocybin for depression and cancer-related anxiety. The evidence for LSD and ayahuasca-which have both been tested as treatments for depression and anxiety-is still preliminary.Both McDonald and fellow report author Colin Reiff, M.D., a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at New York University Langone Health, stressed that the APA work group was not advocating any clinical use of these substances. “But the evidence is strong enough that we are ready to move beyond small studies funded by private groups or philanthropy,” Reiff said. “This field needs National Institutes of Health [NIH] support.”The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifies ayahuasca, LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin as Schedule I substances-a category that reflects a lack of accepted medical use and potential for abuse. This classification hinders clinical studies with these drugs. Researchers first need approval from both the DEA and their institution before they can conduct research with Schedule I drugs. Those lucky enough to get a license then must secure funding, which is scarce at the federal level. Since psychedelics are classified as drugs of abuse, agencies like NIH generally limit clinical funding to studies related to their abuse potential.“Research has been [additionally] hampered by the fact that there is not a rigorous definition of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and the fact that the expectations and personal experiences of the study subjects are important variables in the response to psychedelic-assisted therapy,” the work group noted in the report. “These variables can be difficult to account for in a clinical trial, but they should be a part of the future research agenda.”“What would be helpful in the near future is an international symposium focused on psychedelic research, so everyone can compare notes and set shared priorities moving forward,” Reiff suggested. McDonald also suggested that the National Institute of Mental Health or National Institute on Drug Abuse host a small symposium where they could lay out what they expect in order for researchers to obtain federal funding. ■“Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy” is posted here. ISSUES NewArchived", "journal": "Psychiatric News", "publication_date": "2020-04-12", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1176/appi.pn.2020.4a14", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.4a14", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, MDMA, Psychiatry, Psychology, Ayahuasca, Medicine, Anthropology, Receptor, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Sociology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3017294991\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3017294991\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090176075\",\"display_name\":\"Nick Zagorski\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208841\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatric News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.4a14\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3017294991" }, { "id": 2036, "title": "Exposure-Response Analysis to Assess the Concentration-QTc Relationship of Psilocybin/Psilocin", "normalized_title": "exposure response analysis to assess the concentration qtc relationship of psilocybin psilocin", "authors": "Elyes Dahmane, Paul R. Hutson, Jogarao Gobburu", "abstract": "Psilocybin is being developed for treating major depressive disorder. Psilocybin is readily dephosphorylated to psilocin upon absorption. The potential for psilocin proarrhythmic effect was assessed using a concentration-QTc interval (C-QTc) analysis from an open-label single ascending dose study of psilocybin. Psilocybin doses ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg. This trial showed a significant but shallow C-QTc relationship. At the clinical dose of 25 mg, the mean psilocin maximum concentration is 18.7 ng/mL, and the associated mean (upper 90% confidence interval of mean) QTcF change is 2.1 (6.6) milliseconds. Given the short half-life of psilocin of about 4 hours, there would be no accumulation after monthly oral doses used in clinical trials. The upper limit of the 90% confidence interval of the model-predicted mean ΔQTcF crossed 10 milliseconds at a psilocin concentration of 31.1 ng/mL. At a supraclinical psilocin maximum concentration of about 60 ng/mL, ΔQTcF remains low, with a mean (upper limit of the 90% confidence interval) of 9.1 (17.9) milliseconds. This analysis enabled the characterization of the C-QTc relationship and prediction of QTc prolongation at the expected clinical and possible higher psilocybin doses.", "journal": "Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development", "publication_date": "2020-04-05", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/cpdd.796", "pubmed_id": "32250059", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.796", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, QT interval, Traditional medicine, Anesthesia, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3014341075\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":16,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":43,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1978647133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093658818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096104621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2499216663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2771291368\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682579402\",\"https://openalex.org/W6739316299\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048167745\",\"display_name\":\"Elyes Dahmane\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-5155\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088507656\",\"display_name\":\"Paul R. Hutson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-7096\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083885025\",\"display_name\":\"Jogarao Gobburu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-4295\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764863641\",\"source_display_name\":\"Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.796\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3014341075" }, { "id": 3859, "title": "One Dose of Psilocybin in Late Adolescence Mitigates Deleterious Effects of Developmental Stress on Cognition and Behavioral Despair in Adult Female Rats", "normalized_title": "one dose of psilocybin in late adolescence mitigates deleterious effects of developmental stress on cognition and behavioral despair in adult female rats", "authors": "Meghan Hibicke, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Introduction Psilocybin (PSI) has persistent antidepressant efficacy in human trials. We have shown one dose of PSI to significantly decrease depressive-like behavior in male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats for at least five weeks without losing efficacy. However, the outcome assay we used to evaluate depressive-like behavior, the forced swim test (FST), has been criticized for not providing circuit-specific endpoint data. Further, rodent strains like WKY selectively bred for face validity in modeling depression have lower translational value than chronic/developmental stress models. Pattern separation is a function of the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region of the hippocampus. Pattern separation deficits are measurable in a number of psychological and neurological disorders where the DG-CA3 circuit is impaired, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and age-related dementias. The object pattern separation (OPS) task is a new paradigm to measure DG-CA3 function in rodents, proposed as a cognitive-based outcome measure for depression-like phenotypes, but so far only used in healthy male animals. Whether OPS performance correlates with established measures of behavioral despair, or can be normalized by human pharmacotherapies, is unknown. Objectives Evaluate long-term antidepressant-like effects of PSI in the stress-based adolescent chronic restraint stress (aCRS) model for depression, establish face and predictive validity of the OPS task, and determine whether OPS correlates with FST immobility in aCRS rats. Methods Adolescent female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to groups: not restrained-saline (NRS), not restrained-PSI (NRP), restrained-saline (RS), and restrained-PSI (RP). RS and RP rats were restrained 1 hr/day post-natal days (PND) 32-45. Rats received IP PSI (1 mg/kg) or saline PND52. The OPS task was performed nightly PND82 (0 cm) - 86 (24 cm) in a 66 cm diameter arena containing two identical objects, one of which was moved from 0 cm to 6, 12, 18, and 24 cm from 0 following an hour intertrial interval. FST was performed PND89-90. Results Significant discrimination in the OPS at 24 cm was observed in NRS ( p", "journal": "The FASEB Journal", "publication_date": "2020-03-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02912", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02912", "keywords": "Antidepressant, Behavioural despair test, Psychology, Dentate gyrus, Cognition, Hippocampus, Chronic stress, Neuroscience, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Medicine, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Memory and Neural Mechanisms", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3016993897\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3016993897\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S25293849\",\"source_display_name\":\"The FASEB Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02912\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Adolescents", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3016993897" }, { "id": 2284, "title": "Psychedelic Psychiatry’s Brave New World", "normalized_title": "psychedelic psychiatry s brave new world", "authors": "David Nutt, David Erritzøe, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "", "journal": "Cell", "publication_date": "2020-03-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.020", "pubmed_id": "32243793", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.020", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Context (archaeology), Addiction, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Depression (economics), Neuroscience, Psychology, Biology, Paleontology, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3015140823\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":328,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S110447773\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cell\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.020\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3015140823" }, { "id": 2037, "title": "Direct Analysis of Psilocin and Muscimol in Urine Samples Using Single Drop Microextraction Technique In-Line with Capillary Electrophoresis", "normalized_title": "direct analysis of psilocin and muscimol in urine samples using single drop microextraction technique in line with capillary electrophoresis", "authors": "Anna Poliwoda, Katarzyna Zielińska, Piotr Wieczorek", "abstract": "The fully automated system of single drop microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis (SDME-CE) was developed for in-line preconcentration and determination of muscimol (MUS) and psilocin (PSC) from urine samples. Those two analytes are characteristic active metabolites of Amanita and Psilocybe mushrooms, evoking visual and auditory hallucinations. Study analytes were selectively extracted from the donor phase (urine samples, pH 4) into the organic phase (a drop of octanol layer), and re-extracted to the acidic acceptor (background electrolyte, BGE), consisting of 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3). The optimized conditions for the extraction procedure of a 200 µL urine sample allowed us to obtain more than a 170-fold enrichment effect. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.05-50 mg L−1, with the correlation coefficients from 0.9911 to 0.9992. The limit of detections was determined by spiking blank urine samples with appropriate standards, i.e., 0.004 mg L−1 for PSC and 0.016 mg L−1 for MUS, respectively. The limits of quantification varied from 0.014 mg L−1 for PSC and 0.045 mg L−1 for MUS. The developed method practically eliminated the sample clean-up step, which was limited only to simple dilution (1:1, v/v) and pH adjustment.", "journal": "Molecules", "publication_date": "2020-03-28", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/molecules25071566", "pubmed_id": "32235328", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071566", "keywords": "Chromatography, Chemistry, Capillary electrophoresis, Detection limit, Analyte, Calibration curve, Urine, Oxazepam, Analytical Chemistry (journal), Extraction (chemistry), Biochemistry, Benzodiazepine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3014008355\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3014008355\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":22,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022625029\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Poliwoda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0339-3861\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069941489\",\"display_name\":\"Katarzyna Zielińska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-4274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039938845\",\"display_name\":\"Piotr Wieczorek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-0114\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S108911230\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecules\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071566\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3014008355" }, { "id": 2289, "title": "Psychedelics, but Not Ketamine, Produce Persistent Antidepressant-like Effects in a Rodent Experimental System for the Study of Depression", "normalized_title": "psychedelics but not ketamine produce persistent antidepressant like effects in a rodent experimental system for the study of depression", "authors": "Meghan Hibicke, Alexus N. Landry, Hannah M. Kramer, Zoe K. Talman, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Psilocybin shows efficacy to alleviate depression in human clinical trials for six or more months after only one or two treatments. Another hallucinogenic drug, esketamine, has recently been U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved as a rapid-acting antidepressant. The mechanistic basis for the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and ketamine appear to be conserved. The efficacy of these two medications has not, however, been directly compared either clinically or preclinically. Further, whether or not a profound subjective existential experience is necessary for psilocybin to have antidepressant effects is unknown. To address these questions, we tested psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ketamine in a rat model for depression. As in humans, a single administration of psilocybin or LSD produced persistent antidepressant-like effects in our model. In contrast, ketamine produced only a transient antidepressant-like effect. Our results indicate that classic psychedelics may have therapeutic efficacy that is more persistent than that of ketamine, and also suggest that a subjective existential experience may not be necessary for therapeutic effects.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2020-03-04", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00493", "pubmed_id": "32133835", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00493", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Hallucinogen, Ketamine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Pharmacology, Psychology, Depression (economics), Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Anxiety, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3010499243\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":210,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W496281\",\"https://openalex.org/W22872184\",\"https://openalex.org/W79095666\",\"https://openalex.org/W1549065864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1558137567\",\"https://openalex.org/W1830412493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964160578\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971510748\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979600308\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989168929\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993254026\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993254538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003070777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005405042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013598219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017868252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020858381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024451767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035587441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037882677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044069216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052312283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052604280\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055096975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057252088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085564728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085758661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089299823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091363925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092295200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095083942\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103506573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108212317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121622434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139121184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142002093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160834292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2179425605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2239285493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290466312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400665110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516864604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528777034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596554562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2601121693\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783586536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790370743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801418002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802678418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808077203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894541203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2931582381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945318261\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043781819\",\"display_name\":\"Alexus N. Landry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054801512\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah M. Kramer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021748194\",\"display_name\":\"Zoe K. Talman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00493\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3010499243" }, { "id": 2285, "title": "A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness, preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding", "normalized_title": "a single psilocybin dose is associated with long term increased mindfulness preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5 ht2a receptor binding", "authors": "M. Madsen, Patrick M. Fisher, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Sara Kristiansen, Daniel Burmester, Szabolcs Lehel, Tomáš Páleníček, Martin Kuchař, Claus Svarer, Brice Ozenne, Gitte M. Knudsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2020-03-03", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.001", "pubmed_id": "32146028", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.001", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mindfulness, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3009076589\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":189,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W159676469\",\"https://openalex.org/W1516591325\",\"https://openalex.org/W1552728282\",\"https://openalex.org/W1934856424\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966113261\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987704543\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006868984\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017307521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020220004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036507117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059527510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060895955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066924240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068427049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091088809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091415950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103059087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110470644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112278807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121044470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127662631\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127792081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133194768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133963272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137226568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273847960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2347180461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409195770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2905576029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909396647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2981695213\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W6606468430\",\"https://openalex.org/W6669569169\",\"https://openalex.org/W6678230397\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714448251\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107600706\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086881197\",\"display_name\":\"Szabolcs Lehel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-6980\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084865612\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Kuchař\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6352\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015994033\",\"display_name\":\"Claus Svarer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-1825\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.001\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3009076589" }, { "id": 2293, "title": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin", "normalized_title": "synthesis and biological evaluation of tryptamines found in hallucinogenic mushrooms norbaeocystin baeocystin norpsilocin and aeruginascin", "authors": "Alexander M. Sherwood, Adam L. Halberstadt, Adam K. Klein, John D. McCorvy, Kristi W. Kaylo, Robert B. Kargbo, Poncho Meisenheimer", "abstract": "A general synthetic method was developed to access known tryptamine natural products present in psilocybin-producing mushrooms. In vitro and in vivo experiments were then conducted to inform speculations on the psychoactive properties, or lack thereof, of the natural products. In animal models, psychedelic activity by baeocystin alone was not evident using the mouse head twitch response assay, despite its putative dephosphorylated metabolite, norpsilocin, possessing potent agonist activity at the 5-HT2A receptor.", "journal": "Journal of Natural Products", "publication_date": "2020-02-19", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061", "pubmed_id": "32077284", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Tryptamines, Tryptamine, Hallucinogen, Metabolite, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Agonist, Harmine, In vivo, Biological activity, In vitro, Stereochemistry, Biology, Biochemistry, Receptor, Biotechnology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3008629222\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":78,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W34798540\",\"https://openalex.org/W151682880\",\"https://openalex.org/W199370843\",\"https://openalex.org/W813015582\",\"https://openalex.org/W1914275515\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970807094\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971513938\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974506606\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985037097\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988432402\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989450432\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997859062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003222635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016388239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034607965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035605319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036599717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059751269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064468738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109392617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132257230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137524840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146719061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154524838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604060680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029982811\",\"display_name\":\"Alexander M. Sherwood\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0791\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036162393\",\"display_name\":\"Adam L. Halberstadt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022631404\",\"display_name\":\"Adam K. Klein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-9324\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049197736\",\"display_name\":\"John D. McCorvy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7555-9413\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025194246\",\"display_name\":\"Kristi W. Kaylo\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090796568\",\"display_name\":\"Robert B. Kargbo\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-6343\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002485823\",\"display_name\":\"Poncho Meisenheimer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-3153\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S166799026\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Natural Products\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3008629222" }, { "id": 2296, "title": "Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience", "normalized_title": "rostral anterior cingulate thickness predicts the emotional psilocybin experience", "authors": "Candace R. Lewis, Katrin H. Preller, B. Blair Braden, Cory Riecken, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with highest affinity for the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT-2Ar). Generally, the effects of psilocybin, and its active metabolite psilocin, are well established and include a range of cognitive, emotional, and perceptual perturbations. Despite the generality of these effects, there is a high degree of inter-individual variability in subjective psilocybin experiences that are not well understood. Others have shown brain morphology metrics derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict individual drug response. Due to high expression of serotonin 2A receptors (5HT-2Ar) in the cingulate cortex, and its prior associations with psilocybin, we investigate if cortical thickness of this structure predicts the psilocybin experience in healthy adults. We hypothesized that greater cingulate thickness would predict higher subjective ratings in sub-scales of the Five-Dimensional Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) with high emotionality in healthy participants (n = 55) who received oral psilocybin (either low dose: 0.160 mg/kg or high dose: 0.215 mg/kg). After controlling for sex, age, and using false discovery rate (FDR) correction, we found the rostral anterior cingulate predicted all four emotional sub-scales, whereas the caudal and posterior cingulate did not. How classic psychedelic compounds induce such large inter-individual variability in subjective states has been a long-standing question in serotonergic research. These results extend the traditional set and setting hypothesis of the psychedelic experience to include brain structure metrics.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "publication_date": "2020-02-17", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.3390/biomedicines8020034", "pubmed_id": "32085521", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020034", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Anterior cingulate cortex, Hallucinogen, Serotonergic, Psychology, Cingulate cortex, Neuroscience, 5-HT receptor, Posterior cingulate, Serotonin, Cognition, Audiology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychiatry, Medicine, Central nervous system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3007563926\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3007563926\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":27,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1576430329\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974794669\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986429531\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995780438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005648405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007950062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010764823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012326074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018076297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021719476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024777543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027442533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044667945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055815683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072453876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073228054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074195555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074886593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084297734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091327405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092505096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104271291\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110208125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114765244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118503941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120182640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121786458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123407155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125868297\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127324977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140164239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143834603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150662972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152232856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162056840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167876812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284323509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2317244558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407151076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2514102340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2598147855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612228298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742610246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799378383\",\"https://openalex.org/W3131813341\",\"https://openalex.org/W3141564337\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235632718\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239024596\",\"https://openalex.org/W6667554796\",\"https://openalex.org/W6668945746\",\"https://openalex.org/W6673819475\",\"https://openalex.org/W6713506532\",\"https://openalex.org/W6750919159\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035160894\",\"display_name\":\"Candace R. Lewis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023562628\",\"display_name\":\"B. Blair Braden\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-9784\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031283567\",\"display_name\":\"Cory Riecken\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2737005842\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biomedicines\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020034\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3007563926" }, { "id": 2298, "title": "Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin", "normalized_title": "emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin", "authors": "Frederick S. Barrett, Manoj K. Doss, Nathan D. Sepeda, James J. Pekar, Roland R. Griffiths", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic compound that may have efficacy for the treatment of mood and substance use disorders. Acute psilocybin effects include reduced negative mood, increased positive mood, and reduced amygdala response to negative affective stimuli. However, no study has investigated the long-term, enduring impact of psilocybin on negative affect and associated brain function. Twelve healthy volunteers (7F/5M) completed an open-label pilot study including assessments 1-day before, 1-week after, and 1-month after receiving a 25 mg/70 kg dose of psilocybin to test the hypothesis that psilocybin administration leads to enduring changes in affect and neural correlates of affect. One-week post-psilocybin, negative affect and amygdala response to facial affect stimuli were reduced, whereas positive affect and dorsal lateral prefrontal and medial orbitofrontal cortex responses to emotionally-conflicting stimuli were increased. One-month post-psilocybin, negative affective and amygdala response to facial affect stimuli returned to baseline levels while positive affect remained elevated, and trait anxiety was reduced. Finally, the number of significant resting-state functional connections across the brain increased from baseline to 1-week and 1-month post-psilocybin. These preliminary findings suggest that psilocybin may increase emotional and brain plasticity, and the reported findings support the hypothesis that negative affect may be a therapeutic target for psilocybin.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2020-02-09", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y", "pubmed_id": "32042038", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Amygdala, Affect (linguistics), Hallucinogen, Mood, Psychology, Prefrontal cortex, Anhedonia, Orbitofrontal cortex, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Cognition, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Communication, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084261335\",\"display_name\":\"Manoj K. Doss\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-2522\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061776312\",\"display_name\":\"Nathan D. Sepeda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074044378\",\"display_name\":\"James J. Pekar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-0655\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3005441929" }, { "id": 3965, "title": "Effects of psilocin on the striatal monoamine contents in mice and rats", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocin on the striatal monoamine contents in mice and rats", "authors": "Maho Hirasawa", "abstract": "", "journal": "The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan", "publication_date": "2020-01-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://confit.atlas.jp/guide/event/pharm140/subject/4P156-201-13/detail", "keywords": "Monoamine neurotransmitter, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Biology, Biochemistry, Serotonin, Receptor, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3012767919\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3012767919\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036607308\",\"display_name\":\"Maho Hirasawa\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306532640\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://confit.atlas.jp/guide/event/pharm140/subject/4P156-201-13/detail\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3012767919" }, { "id": 3869, "title": "LSD und Psilocybin als Selbstmedikation", "normalized_title": "lsd und psilocybin als selbstmedikation", "authors": "", "abstract": "Die Mikrodosierung von Psychedelika wie LSD oder Psilocybin zur Leistungssteigerung und Förderung kreativer Prozesse erfährt zunehmend mediale Aufmerksamkeit. Beim Microdosing werden zwischen 5 und 10 % einer Standarddosis nach einem festgelegten Plan (z. B. alle 3 Tage) eingenommen, wobei kein Rauschzustand intendiert ist. Eine noch überschaubare Anzahl kleinerer Studien beschreibt positive Effekte des Microdosings hinsichtlich des Wohlbefinden und der kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit,aber auch bei Depressionen und Angsterkrankungen.", "journal": "Suchttherapie", "publication_date": "2020-01-31", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1055/a-1085-0309", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1085-0309", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Gynecology, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4255701151\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4255701151\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S30125665\",\"source_display_name\":\"Suchttherapie\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1085-0309\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4255701151" }, { "id": 3872, "title": "Psychedelic therapy: Fresh promise for mental health", "normalized_title": "psychedelic therapy fresh promise for mental health", "authors": "Heidi Bush", "abstract": "Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is seeing a resurgence as a treatment approach for mental health disorders. It melds pharmacology and psychotherapy, using substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, under medical supervision, to treat conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and extreme depression.", "journal": "Mental Health Weekly", "publication_date": "2020-01-23", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1002/mhw.32207", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mhw.32207", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychotherapist, Mental health, Psychology, Psychiatry, Depression (economics), Hallucinogen, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3001867576\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3001867576\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033333508\",\"display_name\":\"Heidi Bush\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S1030938293\",\"source_display_name\":\"Mental Health Weekly\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/mhw.32207\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3001867576" }, { "id": 2303, "title": "Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use: An Online Survey", "normalized_title": "persisting reductions in cannabis opioid and stimulant misuse after naturalistic psychedelic use an online survey", "authors": "Albert Garcia-Romeu, Alan K. Davis, Earth Erowid, Fire Erowid, Roland R. Griffiths, Matthew W. Johnson", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Observational data and preliminary studies suggest serotonin 2A agonist psychedelics may hold potential in treating a variety of substance use disorders (SUDs), including opioid use disorder (OUD). AIMS: The study aim was to describe and analyze self-reported cases in which naturalistic psychedelic use was followed by cessation or reduction in other substance use. METHODS: An anonymous online survey of individuals reporting cessation or reduction in cannabis, opioid, or stimulant use following psychedelic use in non-clinical settings. RESULTS: Four hundred forty-four respondents, mostly in the USA (67%) completed the survey. Participants reported 4.5 years of problematic substance use on average before the psychedelic experience to which they attributed a reduction in drug consumption, with 79% meeting retrospective criteria for severe SUD. Most reported taking a moderate or high dose of LSD (43%) or psilocybin-containing mushrooms (29%), followed by significant reduction in drug consumption. Before the psychedelic experience 96% met SUD criteria, whereas only 27% met SUD criteria afterward. Participants rated their psychedelic experience as highly meaningful and insightful, with 28% endorsing psychedelic-associated changes in life priorities or values as facilitating reduced substance misuse. Greater psychedelic dose, insight, mystical-type effects, and personal meaning of experiences were associated with greater reduction in drug consumption. CONCLUSIONS: While these cross-sectional and self-report methods cannot determine whether psychedelics caused changes in drug use, results suggest the potential that psychedelics cause reductions in problematic substance use, and support additional clinical research on psychedelic-assisted treatment for SUD.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2020-01-21", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00955", "pubmed_id": "32038317", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00955", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Cannabis, Stimulant, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Harm reduction, MDMA, Medicine, Psychology, Addiction, Heroin, Clinical psychology, Drug, Public health, Nursing, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072823665\",\"display_name\":\"Earth Erowid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071578213\",\"display_name\":\"Fire Erowid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S92766711\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00955\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3001327571" }, { "id": 3874, "title": "Comparative Acute Effects of LSD, Psilocybin and Mescaline", "normalized_title": "comparative acute effects of lsd psilocybin and mescaline", "authors": "Case Medical Research", "abstract": "", "journal": "Case Medical Research", "publication_date": "2020-01-13", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.31525/ct1-nct04227756", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04227756", "keywords": "Mescaline, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Pharmacology, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4253665065\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4253665065\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239733\",\"source_display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04227756\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4253665065" }, { "id": 3875, "title": "Matthew Oram, The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy: LSD Psychotherapy in America", "normalized_title": "matthew oram the trials of psychedelic therapy lsd psychotherapy in america", "authors": "Michael Draper", "abstract": "Psychedelics are back in vogue. In popular culture, political legislation, and scientific research, we appear to be witnessing an early twenty-first century renaissance of the heady acid days of the 1960s. The success of Michael Pollan’s 2018 New York Times bestseller, How to Change Your Mind, the decriminalization of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in Denver in 2019, followed by all plant entheogens in Oakland the same year, alongside a surge of papers and pilot studies into psychedelic-assisted therapeutics throughout the 2010s, all indicate a relaxing of attitudes after half a century of alarmist proscription of hallucinogens. It is in this context that Matthew Oram has published The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy: LSD Psychotherapy in America. In this meticulous account Oram traces the history of medical research into the use of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the treatment of mental disorders in post World War II America. However, as Oram emphasizes in his introduction, this is not another addition to the profusion of books on 1960s drug culture. The double meaning in the title hints at the deeper concern at the heart of the book: the problematic relationship between experimental and non-orthodox therapeutics and institutionalized, state regulated medical research. Tensions between fringe and orthodoxy in modern medicine have been a persistent feature of health and healing in the western world from at least the mid-nineteenth century. Oram’s examination of such tensions in the mid-twentieth century, when LSD offered medical researchers the tantalizing prospect of bridging the divide between cognitive therapy and psychiatric drug treatment, represents a nuanced and refreshing intervention in the historical literature on clinical medicine, drug regulation, and the mind sciences.", "journal": "Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences", "publication_date": "2020-01-12", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1093/jhmas/jraa002", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jraa002", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Proscription, Context (archaeology), Lysergic acid diethylamide, The Renaissance, Politics, Spiritualism, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Political science, Psychiatry, Art, Medicine, History, Alternative medicine, Art history, Law, Archaeology, Receptor, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, History of Science and Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3003307608\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3003307608\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023898742\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Draper\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S107525555\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jraa002\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3003307608" }, { "id": 2263, "title": "Psilocybin Induces Time-Dependent Changes in Global Functional Connectivity", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces time dependent changes in global functional connectivity", "authors": "Katrin H. Preller, Patricia Duerler, Joshua B. Burt, Jie Lisa Ji, Brendan Adkinson, Philipp Stämpfli, Erich Seifritz, Grega Repovš, John H. Krystal, John D. Murray, Alan Anticevic, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2020-01-12", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.027", "pubmed_id": "32111343", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.027", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Neuroscience, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hallucinogen, Sensory system, Serotonin, Functional connectivity, Medicine, Pharmacology, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2999279320\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":198,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970365815\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987323424\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009341243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022888479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030041890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036231449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051426845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055655674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124291611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126693856\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133402952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306810735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2517085860\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529479229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537382818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557111525\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767910296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790184875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886680918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W6678553313\",\"https://openalex.org/W6728220495\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. 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Burt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-2091\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079398127\",\"display_name\":\"Jie Lisa Ji\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-9070\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036732582\",\"display_name\":\"Brendan Adkinson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8674\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063201290\",\"display_name\":\"Grega Repovš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-3879\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071039477\",\"display_name\":\"John H. Krystal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-1726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024452548\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Murray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-8181\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003407293\",\"display_name\":\"Alan Anticevic\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-0536\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.027\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2999279320" }, { "id": 3878, "title": "Social Work and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies: Practice Considerations for Breakthrough Treatments", "normalized_title": "social work and psychedelic assisted therapies practice considerations for breakthrough treatments", "authors": "Courtney Hutchison, Sara Bressi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Clinical Social Work Journal", "publication_date": "2020-01-06", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.1007/s10615-019-00743-x", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00743-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Context (archaeology), Clinical social work, MDMA, Mental health, Social work, Social anxiety, Anxiety, Engineering ethics, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Political science, Engineering, Paleontology, Law, Biology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2999340014\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2999340014\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":18,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050522555\",\"display_name\":\"Courtney Hutchison\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-4513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060256556\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Bressi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-6466\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S412057\",\"source_display_name\":\"Clinical Social Work Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00743-x\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2999340014" }, { "id": 3879, "title": "Repeat Dosing of Psilocybin in Migraine Headache", "normalized_title": "repeat dosing of psilocybin in migraine headache", "authors": "Case Medical Research", "abstract": "", "journal": "Case Medical Research", "publication_date": "2020-01-05", "publication_year": 2020, "doi": "10.31525/ct1-nct04218539", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04218539", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Dosing, Migraine, Medicine, Anesthesia, Sumatriptan, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Agonist, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4240848632\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4240848632\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239733\",\"source_display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04218539\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4240848632" }, { "id": 3893, "title": "Psilocybin and LSD in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and lsd in the treatment of depression and anxiety", "authors": "Marcus Allgulin", "abstract": "Psychiatry is in a crisis. Mental health disorders are on the rise worldwide and there are currently not enough efficient treatment methods that would meet the patients’ needs. Hence, the societal and economic costs of mental health problems are enormous, as well as the suffering of individuals afflicted by mental health problems. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are substances that create an altered state of consciousness characterized by altered sensory perception and on some occasions, ego-dissolution, and mystical experiences. In recent studies, LSD and psilocybin have been shown to carry significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in conjunction with psychotherapy. The therapeutic effects of LSD and psilocybin have also been shown to persist for between 3-12 months post-treatment. LSD and psilocybin, like other classical hallucinogens, increase serotonin availability, which has been suggested to attenuate symptoms of anxiety and depression. In addition, LSD and psilocybin alter the activity of the default mode network, which has been suggested to be overly active in depressed and anxious patients. This essay is a literature review of the neural mechanisms of LSD and psilocybin, their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders, and how insights about said neural mechanisms may be useful in understanding the possible application of psychedelics in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. In sum, recent studies have provided converging and convincing evidence on therapeutic potential of LSD and psilocybin. Yet, few conclusions on the exact neural mechanisms of how LSD and psilocybin alleviate depressive and anxiety symptoms can be made. Although the future of this research field looks promising, archaic national- and international regulations continue to be a hindrance to research into psychedelic drugs. Yet, due to the psychiatric crisis and the promising results so far, more studies in this field are warranted.", "journal": "Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18843", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Mental health, Depression (economics), Psychology, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3093826296\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3093826296\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078099219\",\"display_name\":\"Marcus Allgulin\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400653\",\"source_display_name\":\"Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18843\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Mystical Experience,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3093826296" }, { "id": 3890, "title": "Predicting the Efficacy of Psilocybin in Treating Mental Health and Addiction", "normalized_title": "predicting the efficacy of psilocybin in treating mental health and addiction", "authors": "Courtney Ledford", "abstract": "Machine Learning is used to predict the efficacy of psilocybin in treating mental health and addiction by using a random forest algorithm. Psilocybin is a chemical compound found in fungi. Following ingestion, it is converted to psilocin which acts as a serotonin agonist, producing altered states of consciousness and hallucinations. Research suggests the use of psilocybin as a potential treatment for mental health disorders and addiction. An analysis of thirty-one experiments from the Altered States Database was inputted into the model. Past meta-analysis performed on this experimental data focuses on healthy participants rather than participants diagnosed with a mental illness. The subjective survey accessed in this model is the 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) questionnaire. The forest is composed of 1,000 decision trees randomly assigned data to produce a final leaf node prediction. Ten inputs were added from values determined by the 5D-ASC questionnaire, with the predictive output being the subjects' health. Based on the subjective questionnaires given to participants following the administration of psilocybin, the model predicted through classification, which of the experiments contained data of the clinically diagnosed patients. The model also predicted the variable of most importance as Oceanic Boundlessness, accounting for nearly 25% of the work in classifying an experiment as using clinical or healthy participants. The model is biased towards healthy participants, as only four of the experiments involved a diagnosis related to anxiety, alcohol dependency, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. A limitation of this model is the lack of data to support a split in training and testing of the dataset to validate the model. Current treatment options for these mental health issues depend on medications taken daily, versus psilocybin, which was administered in one to two doses, while sustaining a longer-lasting impact on the individual. A random forest is an appropriate algorithm to use for the small sample size and numerous variables. Machine learning allows for predictions to be made off the available experimental data. As more experimental research is conducted, increasing the amount of data available, machine learning will provide a means to analyze and predict the efficacy of psilocybin in treating mental health.", "journal": "PDXScholar (Portland State University)", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/altreu_projects/5", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Addiction, Mental health, Psychology, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Clinical psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3080825938\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3080825938\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064056977\",\"display_name\":\"Courtney Ledford\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196300\",\"source_display_name\":\"PDXScholar (Portland State University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/altreu_projects/5\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Meta-Analysis,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Meta-Analysis", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3080825938" }, { "id": 3889, "title": "Psilocybin's effects on the brain and implications for depression treatment", "normalized_title": "psilocybin s effects on the brain and implications for depression treatment", "authors": "Katariina Sarajärvi", "abstract": "Mental illnesses, especially depression, are a global problem that require new treatment options to those whose symptoms are resistant to the current ones. Psilocybin, which is a naturally occurring drug in mushrooms, has become a potential candidate. It affects the brain by deactivating certain areas, causing not only changes in perception and consciousness but antidepressive responses as well, thereby improving well-being. Previous studies have looked at psilocybin and how it affects the brain, and also shown that short trials with psilocybin can cause long-lasting improvement. Here, I conducted an analysis including nine experimental articles that had studied psilocybin’s effects on depressive symptoms. Results confirm that psilocybin does decrease depressive symptoms, even long-lastingly, while only transient mild side effects being fairly common. Some conclusions could also be drawn of which types of patients will benefit of psilocybin treatment most likely. Future research with bigger sample sizes is needed, as well as more focus on identifying the ideal settings and patients of psilocybin-assisted therapy.", "journal": "Epubl LTU", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79481", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Psychology, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3046649178\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3046649178\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2000681816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040064764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123722617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508574573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079701068\",\"display_name\":\"Katariina Sarajärvi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407055297\",\"source_display_name\":\"Epubl LTU\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79481\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Wellbeing,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3046649178" }, { "id": 3886, "title": "Drugs and the Music Industry: How the Neurological and Visual Effects of LSD and Psilocybin Impact Creativity and Songwriting Abilities", "normalized_title": "drugs and the music industry how the neurological and visual effects of lsd and psilocybin impact creativity and songwriting abilities", "authors": "Ammar Jawad", "abstract": "Drugs and the Music Industry: How the Neurological and Visual Effects of LSD and Psilocybin Impact Creativity and Songwriting Abilities Ammar Jawad, Depts. of Biology and Chemistry, with Prof. Mary Boyes, VCU Honors College The 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 2A receptor, 5-HT2A, is a G protein-coupled receptor that belongs to a subtype of receptors known as serotonergic receptors. The 5-HT2A receptor plays a wide variety of roles that are pivotal in the optimal functionality of the brain, such as mediating the neurological, visual, and auditory pathways of the central nervous system. Typical agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor include psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, and N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Psychedelic drugs in particular have been a means for many artists and musicians to further enhance their creativity, leading to a subgenre of music and instrumentation known as psychedelic music, or psychedelia. Typically, psychedelic music is characterized by feelings of depersonalization and derealization, and artists who’ve experimented with drugs such as LSD and psilocybin claim to have an expanded imagination, along with a heightened sense of creativity and mesmerism. The research presented in this study explores the overlap between music and psychedelic drugs, namely LSD and psilocybin, and how the 5-HT2A receptor engages and mediates the neurological as well as the biological effects of these substances. This study has concluded that further research is necessary to explore the possibility of activating the 5-HT2A receptors with substances that do not carry the harmful effects that drugs such as LSD and psilocybin do.", "journal": "VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University)", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/356", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Creativity, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Social psychology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3034444235\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3034444235\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112454018\",\"display_name\":\"Ammar Jawad\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196340\",\"source_display_name\":\"VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/356\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Creativity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3034444235" }, { "id": 3885, "title": "The Efficacy of Psilocybin Compared to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in the Treatment of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder", "normalized_title": "the efficacy of psilocybin compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder", "authors": "Krista Worden", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/showcase/2020/pa/60/", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Serotonin, Major depressive disorder, Psychology, Psychiatry, Reuptake inhibitor, Medicine, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Fluoxetine, Antidepressant, Internal medicine, Anxiety, Cognition, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3021977779\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3021977779\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054017635\",\"display_name\":\"Krista Worden\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/showcase/2020/pa/60/\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3021977779" }, { "id": 3881, "title": "Improved colour blindness symptoms associated with recreational psychedelic use: Results from the Global Drug Survey 2017", "normalized_title": "improved colour blindness symptoms associated with recreational psychedelic use results from the global drug survey 2017", "authors": "JEC Anthony, Adam Winstock, JA Ferris, DJ Nutt", "abstract": "It is well documented that psychedelic drugs can have a profound effect on colour perception. After previous research involving psychedelic drug ingestion, several participants had written to the authors describing how symptoms of their colour blindness had improved. The Global Drugs Survey runs the world’s largest annual online drug survey. In the Global Drugs Survey 2017, participants reporting the use of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the last 12 months were asked, We have received reports from some people with colour-blindness that this improves after they use psychedelics. If you have experienced such an effect can you please describe it in the box below, say what drug you took and how long the effect lasted. We received 47 responses that could be usefully categorised of which 23 described improved colour blindness. Commonly cited drugs were LSD and psilocybin; however, several other psychedelic compounds were also listed. Some respondents cited that the changes in colour blindness persisted, from a period of several days to years. Improved colour blindness may be a result of new photisms experienced in the psychedelic state aligning with pre-existing concepts of colour to be ascribed a label. Connections between visual and linguistic cortical areas may be enhanced due to disorder in the brain’s neural connections induced by psychedelics allowing these new photisms and concepts to become linked. This paper provides preliminary data regarding improved colour blindness accompanying recreational psychedelic use which may be further investigated in future iterations of the Global Drugs Survey or in a stand-alone Global Drugs Survey-managed psychedelics survey.", "journal": "Drug Science Policy and Law", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/2050324520942345", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2050324520942345", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Blindness, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Perception, Psychiatry, Medicine, Optometry, Neuroscience, Receptor, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3096479563\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3096479563\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W4941964\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095577612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552761136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2725783540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781340150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790481213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790959730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2936008691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2941855003\",\"https://openalex.org/W4283834748\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043967808\",\"display_name\":\"JEC Anthony\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067738102\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Winstock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-8015\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053755899\",\"display_name\":\"JA Ferris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113762702\",\"display_name\":\"DJ Nutt\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210227935\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug Science Policy and Law\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/2050324520942345\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3096479563" }, { "id": 3880, "title": "Reported effects of psychedelic use on those with low well-being given various emotional states and social contexts", "normalized_title": "reported effects of psychedelic use on those with low well being given various emotional states and social contexts", "authors": "Natasha L. Mason, Patrick C. Dolder, Kim P. C. Kuypers", "abstract": "Background It has been suggested that the outcome of the psychedelic experience is dependent on set and setting. While scientific research into the therapeutic potential of psychedelics is growing, it is clear that in clinical populations an optimal set and setting will not always be attainable. It was aimed to assess under which emotional and environmental circumstances psychedelic users use psychedelics, and the outcome of use given clinical characteristics, defined as low well-being and higher rates of neuroticism. Methods Online respondents (N = 1967) provided information about their psychedelic use, environment they consume the substance in (setting), and mood state pre/post-substance (set). Based on subjective mental well-being, respondents were separated into two groups, those with low (N = 643), and those with normal well-being (N = 1324). Personality traits, with a particular focus on neuroticism, were also assessed. Results Findings showed that psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin were most commonly used at home and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in a party/festival setting. In most instances, all substances were used when individuals were in a positive mood, and this remained in general positive, or, when not initially positive, shifted to positive, after use. Individuals with low well-being were more likely to experience a positive mood change after use of lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin or MDMA than individuals with normal well-being. Furthermore, as neuroticism scores increased, so did likelihood of positive mood change, as well as likelihood of experiencing negative side effects. Conclusion It is demonstrated that psychedelics are used in varying emotional states and environmental settings. Importantly in the light of future clinical studies with patients, individuals with low psychological well-being and higher scores of neuroticism report consuming such substances with positive outcomes.", "journal": "Drug Science Policy and Law", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/2050324519900068", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2050324519900068", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mood, Neuroticism, Psychology, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Set (abstract data type), Personality, Psychiatry, Social psychology, Medicine, Programming language, Computer science, Receptor, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3004031348\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3004031348\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":15,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W356352827\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994271186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029087690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034106456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037445719\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059005530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067330083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072794732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078143933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107026277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123163295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126940530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136281245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153594880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169863498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2571392308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807534705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810131632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884600197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894846833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2976211839\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245398612\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246413985\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W4293003987\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041055116\",\"display_name\":\"Natasha L. Mason\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0389\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063898329\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick C. Dolder\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-3356\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024651565\",\"display_name\":\"Kim P. C. Kuypers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210227935\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug Science Policy and Law\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/2050324519900068\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3004031348" }, { "id": 2312, "title": "Neuropharmacological modulation of the aberrant bodily self through psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "neuropharmacological modulation of the aberrant bodily self through psychedelics", "authors": "Ho JT, Preller KH, Lenggenhager B", "abstract": "As a continual source of sensory input and fundamental component of self-referential processing, the body holds an integral modulatory role in cognition. In a healthy state, predictive coding of multisensory integration promotes the construction of a coherent self. However, several psychiatric disorders comprise aberrant perceptions of the bodily self that are purported to involve discrepancies in the integration and updating of multisensory systems. Changes in functional connectivity of somatomotor and high-level association networks in these disorders could be successfully remediated through 5-HT receptor agonism via psychedelics. Reported alterations of bodily self-awareness during psychedelic experiences allude to a potentially central role of the bodily self. In this article, we bridge the domains of (aberrant) bodily self-awareness and psychedelics by discussing the predictive coding mechanisms underlying the bodily self and psychedelics. Furthermore, we propose that psychedelically-induced desynchronization of predictive coding might involve modulation of somatomotor, sensorimotor, and high-level association networks that could remediate aberrant perceptions of the bodily self.", "journal": "Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews", "publication_date": "2019-12-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.006", "pubmed_id": "31816361", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31816361/", "keywords": "Bodily self, Bodily self-awareness, Predictive coding, Psilocybin, Psychedelics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"31816361\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3902, "title": "Structure Based Drug Design towards Exploring Potential Anti-Psychotic and Anti-Depressant Activity of Possible Stiff Base of Psilocybin", "normalized_title": "structure based drug design towards exploring potential anti psychotic and anti depressant activity of possible stiff base of psilocybin", "authors": "Krishna Kumar Varshney", "abstract": "One among four people in the world are affected by mental or neurological illness at some point of their lives. An estimated number of 450 million people suffers from neurological disorders of one or the other type making mental disorders as the leading cause for disability across the globe. Under psychosis and depression maintenance therapy drug acting on Dopamine (D2) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor (5HT2R) respectively are used in clinical practices. Our study is to design several series of novel chemical entity based on scaffold of psychedelic prodrug i.e. psilocybin. As protein-ligand interactions play a key role in structure based drug design, by using molecular docking, we screened 9 hypothetical inhibitors and investigated their binding affinity against D2 and 5HT2R. We have performed homology modelling to predict 3D structure and build a templet using FASTA sequence of amino acid D2 and 5-HT2 receptor using UniProt database (accession number: P14416 & P28223) and swiss-modeller. In this investigation we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamic study using AutoDock software on their respective grid pocket. Several physicochemical description, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and drug-likeness score with respective 9 hypothetical inhibitors were access using QikProp software, molispiration and OSIRIS property explorer web server. The docking results were evaluated based on free energies of binding (ΔG, kcal/mol) and the results suggested that all the 9 hypothetical chemical entity to be potent inhibitor of D2 and 5HT2R. All the hypothetical inhibitors respect the Lipinski's rule of five. Based on these observations, we firmly believe that the stiff base of psilocybin could aid in efficient anti-psychotic and anti-depressants in drug design.", "journal": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publication_date": "2019-12-29", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3528349", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Docking (animal), Lipinski's rule of five, UniProt, AutoDock, Pharmacology, Drug, Homology modeling, Pharmacophore, Hallucinogen, Computational biology, Stereochemistry, Medicine, Chemistry, In silico, Biology, Biochemistry, Enzyme, Gene, Nursing, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Computational Drug Discovery Methods, Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3135591988\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3135591988\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072461383\",\"display_name\":\"Krishna Kumar Varshney\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-4115\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210172589\",\"source_display_name\":\"SSRN Electronic Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3528349\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3135591988" }, { "id": 3903, "title": "The use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy", "normalized_title": "the use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy", "authors": "Rosalind Watts, Jason B. Luoma", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science", "publication_date": "2019-12-13", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.004", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.004", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Experiential avoidance, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Flexibility (engineering), Acceptance and commitment therapy, Experiential learning, Context (archaeology), Psychological therapy, Clinical psychology, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Intervention (counseling), Psychiatry, Mathematics education, Biology, Mathematics, Paleontology, Statistics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2996321268\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":260,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110662235\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalind Watts\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009587541\",\"display_name\":\"Jason B. Luoma\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-7037\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764949934\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.004\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Psychological Flexibility", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2996321268" }, { "id": 2362, "title": "[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].", "normalized_title": "neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy", "authors": "Corne R, Mongeau R.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and behavioral effects they induce are quite dramatic, they possess little addictive potential when compared to nicotine, alcohol or opiates. Since the discovery of ketamine antidepressant effects, there has been growing interest for these molecules. Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are gaining attention as potential treatments for depression and addiction, similarly to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and ibogaine for addiction. Although they possess distinct pharmacological profiles, their kinetics of action are quite similar: the therapeutic effects are felt within the hours following administration, and last well beyond drug elimination by the organism. This strongly suggests the induction of neurogenic and plastic mechanisms, including the involvement of trophic factors. This review will explore the literature dealing with the effects of psychedelics on neurotrophins, as well as the plastic adaptations that they induce, in an attempt to understand their surprising therapeutic potential. We will show that although ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics have affinity for very different receptors (NMDA, 5-HT2A), they ultimately initiate similar plastic adaptations in the prefrontal cortex through the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We will see that although MDMA uses the same receptors as serotonergic psychedelics to alleviate PTSD symptoms, its effect on BDNF levels seem paradoxical and quite different. Finally, we show how ibogaine could exert its anti-addictive properties through a completely different neurotrophic factor than other psychedelic drugs, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). While the current literature concerning the psychiatric applications of psychedelic therapy is encouraging, it remains to be determined whether their benefits could be obtained without their psychotomimetic effects, or concerns over potential toxicity.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-12-11", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1051/jbio/2019015", "pubmed_id": "31829932", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2019015", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Serotonin, Ketamine, Ibogaine, Nerve Growth Factors, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Psychiatry", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"31829932\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,PTSD,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2313, "title": "Therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens: A review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens a review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms", "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC.", "abstract": "Serotoninergic hallucinogens include drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin. Recent trials with single/few doses of these compounds show that they induce rapid and sustained antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects. These effects are also observed in religious groups using the DMT-containing brew ayahuasca. The agonist action of these substances on 5-HT2A receptors expressed in frontal and limbic areas increase glutamatergic transmission and neuroplasticity. These neurochemical effects are associated with acute alterations on self-perception and increases in introspection and positive mood, and with subacute and long-term decreases in psychiatric symptoms, increases in some personality traits such as openness, improvements in emotional processing, and increases in empathy. These are preliminary but promising results that should be further explored in controlled trials with larger sample sizes, especially considering that these compounds could be beneficial in the treatment of treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-12-02", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.001", "pubmed_id": "31809772", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.001", "keywords": "Limbic System, Prefrontal Cortex, Humans, Hallucinogens, Exploratory Behavior, Neuronal Plasticity, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Social Cognition", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"31809772\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3906, "title": "P.188 Long-term effects of psilocybin on cerebral serotonin 2A receptor levels and personality", "normalized_title": "p 188 long term effects of psilocybin on cerebral serotonin 2a receptor levels and personality", "authors": "Mie Madsen, P.M. Fisher, D.S. Stenbæk, S. Kristiansen, D. Burmester, S. Lehel, Tomáš Páleníček, Claus Svarer, B. Ozenne, Gitte M. Knudsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2019-11-30", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.232", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.232", "keywords": "Psychology, Cognition, Perception, Psilocybin, Association (psychology), Cognitive psychology, Predictive coding, Neuroscience, Coding (social sciences), Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Statistics, Mathematics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4248543520\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4248543520\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077245646\",\"display_name\":\"Mie Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4397-7339\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045819371\",\"display_name\":\"P.M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014254746\",\"display_name\":\"D.S. Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024662828\",\"display_name\":\"S. Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048069173\",\"display_name\":\"D. Burmester\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085362524\",\"display_name\":\"S. Lehel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015994033\",\"display_name\":\"Claus Svarer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-1825\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050311609\",\"display_name\":\"B. Ozenne\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.232\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4248543520" }, { "id": 3904, "title": "P.839 Modelling the acute temporal dynamics of psilocybin psychoactive effects; relation to brain serotonin 2a receptor levels", "normalized_title": "p 839 modelling the acute temporal dynamics of psilocybin psychoactive effects relation to brain serotonin 2a receptor levels", "authors": "Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, M.K. Madsen, Brice Ozenne, Søren Kristiansen, Daniel Burmester, David Erritzøe, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2019-11-30", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.702", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.702", "keywords": "Ayahuasca, Hallucinogen, Ketanserin, Psychology, Psilocybin, Placebo, 5-HT2 receptor, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Medicine, 5-HT receptor, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Biology, Ecology, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4231945730\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4231945730\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113999896\",\"display_name\":\"M.K. Madsen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075305785\",\"display_name\":\"Søren Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-5363\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.702\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4231945730" }, { "id": 2318, "title": "Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube", "normalized_title": "twenty percent better with 20 micrograms a qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self rapports and discussions on youtube", "authors": "Martin Andersson, Anette Kjellgren", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Psychedelic microdosing is the trending practice of using tiny repeated doses of psychedelic substances to facilitate a range of supposed benefits. With only a few published studies to date, the subject is still under-researched, and more knowledge is warranted. Social media and internet discussion forums have played a vital role in the growing visibility of the microdosing phenomenon, and the present study utilized YouTube contents to improve comprehension of the microdosing practice as well as the social interactions and discussions around microdosing. METHODS: Microdosing self-disclosure in YouTube videos and their following comments were qualitatively analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. Various software was utilized to enable gathering and sorting relevant data. RESULTS: Microdosing of psychedelic substances, primarily LSD and psilocybin, was used for therapeutic and enhancement purposes, and predominantly beneficial effects were reported. Many different applications and outcomes were discussed, and therapeutic effects for depression appeared especially noteworthy. Intentions for use were recognized as an influencing factor for the progression and outcomes of microdosing. The function of social interactions was mainly to discuss views on the microdosing phenomenon, strategies for optimal results, minimize risks, and share emotional support. CONCLUSIONS: Potentially, microdosing could provide some of the same benefits (for certain conditions) as full-dose interventions with less risk of adverse reactions related to the sometimes intense experiences of higher doses. Microdosing may well also mean additional benefits, as well as risks, through the repeated exposure over extended periods.", "journal": "Harm Reduction Journal", "publication_date": "2019-11-27", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1186/s12954-019-0333-3", "pubmed_id": "31779667", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0333-3", "keywords": "Thematic analysis, Medicine, Psychology, Comprehension, Pharmacology, Applied psychology, Qualitative research, Computer science, Social science, Programming language, Sociology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2991503240\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2991503240\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":35,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1572042930\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979290264\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015032945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051293354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069807234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097801347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104063220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114897348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115037730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136536376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140790583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2192859497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2205661146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412554478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2494434800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2529166905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2538603135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550851019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2614608184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2747673226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751240458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755315668\",\"https://openalex.org/W2775761845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809718318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2901185945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2903300049\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2926011243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101398382\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Andersson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-934X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011602888\",\"display_name\":\"Anette Kjellgren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-0469\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S150411170\",\"source_display_name\":\"Harm Reduction Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0333-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Emotional Processing,Safety,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2991503240" }, { "id": 2292, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: How do we advance the field?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy for depression how do we advance the field", "authors": "Sally Meikle, Paul Liknaitzky, Susan L. Rossell, Margaret Ross, Nigel Strauss, Neil Thomas, Greg Murray, M.L. Williams, David Castle", "abstract": "In the quest for new treatment options for depression, attention is being paid to the potential role of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin is of particular interest given its mechanism of action, its benefits in early trials and its relatively low side effects burden. This viewpoint outlines a number of key issues that remain to be elucidated about its potential use in the clinical environment, including clarification of the profile of people most likely to benefit and those who might experience adverse effects, longer-term outcomes and the role of psychotherapeutic input alongside the drug itself. There are also opportunities to understand better, the neurobiology underpinning its effects.", "journal": "Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2019-11-21", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/0004867419888575", "pubmed_id": "31752499", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419888575", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Depression (economics), Adverse effect, Psychiatry, Underpinning, Action (physics), Medicine, Pharmacology, Macroeconomics, Engineering, Civil engineering, Physics, Economics, Quantum mechanics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2989680519\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2989680519\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":19,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W40040914\",\"https://openalex.org/W1580029690\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582943257\",\"https://openalex.org/W1877874306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011221060\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072015756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107376791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112074033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134189152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551187611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605178562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2796940952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889504249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2891291514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913227533\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921561928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2945519735\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386638047\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033945101\",\"display_name\":\"Sally Meikle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-141X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030212190\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Liknaitzky\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-2263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073606057\",\"display_name\":\"Susan L. Rossell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-8252\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101561809\",\"display_name\":\"Margaret Ross\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3368-6614\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044554133\",\"display_name\":\"Nigel Strauss\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058530050\",\"display_name\":\"Neil Thomas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-6361\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082946700\",\"display_name\":\"Greg Murray\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-5603\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010417984\",\"display_name\":\"M.L. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-3008\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052884442\",\"display_name\":\"David Castle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-1580\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S179943861\",\"source_display_name\":\"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419888575\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2989680519" }, { "id": 2307, "title": "Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β-Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in “Magic” Mushrooms", "normalized_title": "simultaneous production of psilocybin and a cocktail of β carboline monoamine oxidase inhibitors in magic mushrooms", "authors": "Felix Blei, Sebastian Dörner, Janis Fricke, Florian Baldeweg, Felix Trottmann, Anna J. Komor, Florian Meyer, Christian Hertweck, Dirk Hoffmeister", "abstract": "Abstract The psychotropic effects of Psilocybe “magic” mushrooms are caused by the l -tryptophan-derived alkaloid psilocybin. Despite their significance, the secondary metabolome of these fungi is poorly understood in general. Our analysis of four Psilocybe species identified harmane, harmine, and a range of other l -tryptophan-derived β-carbolines as their natural products, which was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Stable-isotope labeling with 13 C11 - l -tryptophan verified the β-carbolines as biosynthetic products of these fungi. In addition, MALDI-MS imaging showed that β-carbolines accumulate toward the hyphal apices. As potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidases, β-carbolines are neuroactive compounds and interfere with psilocybin degradation. Therefore, our findings represent an unprecedented scenario of natural product pathways that diverge from the same building block and produce dissimilar compounds, yet contribute directly or indirectly to the same pharmacological effects.", "journal": "Chemistry - A European Journal", "publication_date": "2019-11-13", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1002/chem.201904363", "pubmed_id": "31729089", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904363", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Harmine, Monoamine oxidase, Chemistry, Alkaloid, Natural product, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Biochemistry, Tryptophan, Stereochemistry, Biology, Enzyme, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Amino acid, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Synthesis and bioactivity of alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2983552824\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":78,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W576283900\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978147611\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984117453\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992988465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016574995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020353075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020948394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030586524\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039389767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049008941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055080577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070174150\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075967837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091202577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101808966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313073065\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332805685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2736681034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2748593001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753941774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2775417640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2810710828\",\"https://openalex.org/W2884828036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2885449523\",\"https://openalex.org/W2948000230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949965849\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088811388\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Blei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3190-8684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027539660\",\"display_name\":\"Sebastian Dörner\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046057419\",\"display_name\":\"Janis Fricke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-3185\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051072915\",\"display_name\":\"Florian Baldeweg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003092397\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Trottmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-7293\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030005124\",\"display_name\":\"Anna J. Komor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4806-4233\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108803597\",\"display_name\":\"Florian Meyer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066230640\",\"display_name\":\"Christian Hertweck\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-337X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010592951\",\"display_name\":\"Dirk Hoffmeister\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-6461\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S68911691\",\"source_display_name\":\"Chemistry - A European Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904363\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Metabolomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2983552824" }, { "id": 3912, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy for Opioid Use Disorder", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for opioid use disorder", "authors": "Case Medical Research", "abstract": "This website is for sale! casemedicalresearch.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, casemedicalresearch.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for!", "journal": "Case Medical Research", "publication_date": "2019-11-12", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.31525/ct1-nct04161066", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04161066", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Opioid use disorder, Opioid, Psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4254672547\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4254672547\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239733\",\"source_display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04161066\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4254672547" }, { "id": 2224, "title": "DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: NBOMes.", "normalized_title": "dark classics in chemical neuroscience nbomes", "authors": "Poulie CBM, Jensen AA, Halberstadt AL, Kristensen JL.", "abstract": "N-Benzylphenethylamines, commonly known as NBOMes, are synthetic psychedelic compounds derived from the phenethylamine class of psychedelics (2C-X compounds), which originally have been derived from the naturally occurring alkaloid mescaline. Analogously to their parent compounds and other classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), NBOMes are believed to exert their main pharmacological effects through activation of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors. Since their introduction as New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs) in 2010, NBOMes have been widely used for recreational purposes; this has resulted in numerous cases of acute toxicity, sometimes with lethal outcomes, leading to the classification of several NBOMes as Schedule I substances in 2013. However, in addition to their recreational use, the NBOMe class has yielded several important biochemical tools, including [11C]Cimbi-36, which is now being used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the mammalian brain, and 25CN-NBOH, one of the most selective 5-HT2A receptor agonists developed to date. In this Review, the history, chemistry, structure-activity relationships, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties, and safety profiles of NBOMes will be outlined and discussed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-11-11", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00528", "pubmed_id": "31657895", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00528", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"31657895\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3913, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted therapy of major depressive disorder using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a therapeutic frame", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy of major depressive disorder using acceptance and commitment therapy as a therapeutic frame", "authors": "Jordan Sloshower, Jeffrey Guss, Robert Krause, Ryan Wallace, Monnica T. Williams, Sara Reed, Matthew D. Skinta", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science", "publication_date": "2019-11-04", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.002", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.002", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Acceptance and commitment therapy, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Flexibility (engineering), Experiential avoidance, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Intervention (counseling), Mathematics, Statistics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2984820573\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":166,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1749626057\",\"https://openalex.org/W1878039938\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989475597\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991977790\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993943031\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998677716\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004087063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018783775\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033922058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046110635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053011811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058294682\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067755583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091415950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092591624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118883852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124669934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415750758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2550865603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626493232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2732734283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783614816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799034873\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801518825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886232664\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887938296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2939555251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2947322969\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021420691\",\"https://openalex.org/W3082100929\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164207814\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W4324045564\",\"https://openalex.org/W4386218079\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\",\"https://openalex.org/W6749602434\",\"https://openalex.org/W6750926112\",\"https://openalex.org/W6753589185\",\"https://openalex.org/W6796585449\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080146983\",\"display_name\":\"Jordan Sloshower\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-5931\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026405762\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Guss\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063135046\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Krause\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-5781\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101850540\",\"display_name\":\"Ryan Wallace\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-8803\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065680812\",\"display_name\":\"Monnica T. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0095-3277\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110741678\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Reed\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045490544\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew D. Skinta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-6323\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764949934\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.002\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2984820573" }, { "id": 3914, "title": "The Varieties of Psychedelic Epistemology", "normalized_title": "the varieties of psychedelic epistemology", "authors": "Chris Letheby", "abstract": "Is it possible to gain knowledge 1 by taking psychedelic 2 drugs?One influential answer is 'yes': according to this conception, by inducing mystical states of consciousness, psychedelics afford direct knowledge of supernatural, transcendent dimensions of reality.This is an entheogenic conception of the drugs as agents that \"generate the divine within\".A second influential answer is 'no': since materialism or physicalism 3 is true, there are no transcendent realities, and psychedelics just cause compelling hallucinations or delusions.This is a psychotomimetic or hallucinogenic conception of the drugs as psychosis-mimicking or hallucination-generating agents whose essential effects are antiepistemic 4; far from facilitating knowledge gain, psychedelics actively hinder it.A third, relatively unexplored view is that psychedelics can afford genuine epistemic benefits, even if materialism is true and there is no transcendent reality.From this perspective, the drugs' epistemic credentials do not depend on the existence of anything supernatural.Rather, psychedelics can afford genuine and sometimes transformative insights of a kind compatible with physicalism.Several authors have recently made proposals along these lines.Here I offer a 1 [This term is examined closely later in the chapter.Ed.] 2 My sole focus in this paper is 'classic', serotonin-2a agonist psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT/ayahuasca; I reserve the term psychedelic for substances of this class. 3Despite philosophical complications, I will use the terms 'materialism', 'physicalism', and 'naturalism' interchangeably, to refer to views on which mind and consciousness always result from or depend on the complex activities of ultimately non-minded things (such as atoms): that is, views which hold that the mental is not fundamental to reality, but arises from or is constructed out of the non-mental.This excludes mind-body dualism, idealism and its variants (such as cosmopsychism), panpsychism and its variants (such as pan-experientialism and pan-protopsychism), and neutral monism (in Russellian and other versions.)It is also intended to exclude all metaphysically literal varieties of theism. 4'Epistemic' is a philosophical term meaning 'of or pertaining to knowledge'.", "journal": "UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)", "publication_date": "2019-10-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/12436068-2f0c-4c50-8bb8-de189a427289", "keywords": "Epistemology, Aesthetics, Computer science, Psychology, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2972222469\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2972222469\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W15121390\",\"https://openalex.org/W105331553\",\"https://openalex.org/W231615413\",\"https://openalex.org/W428411035\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494456132\",\"https://openalex.org/W1566706204\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972616052\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993134051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003879236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020446587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090188780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126366140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145397616\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162090451\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166934228\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2191898742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2505960753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2744933359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791765313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050099735\",\"display_name\":\"Chris Letheby\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6293-7873\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402523\",\"source_display_name\":\"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/12436068-2f0c-4c50-8bb8-de189a427289\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2972222469" }, { "id": 3916, "title": "Clinical and Mechanistic Effects of Psilocybin in Alcohol Addicted Patients", "normalized_title": "clinical and mechanistic effects of psilocybin in alcohol addicted patients", "authors": "Case Medical Research", "abstract": "This website is for sale! casemedicalresearch.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, casemedicalresearch.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for!", "journal": "Case Medical Research", "publication_date": "2019-10-27", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.31525/ct1-nct04141501", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04141501", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Alcohol, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Psychiatry, Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4234124331\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4234124331\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210239733\",\"source_display_name\":\"Case Medical Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04141501\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4234124331" }, { "id": 2323, "title": "Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat", "normalized_title": "characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat", "authors": "Lukasz Smigielski, Michael Kometer, Milan Scheidegger, Rainer Krähenmann, Theo Huber, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "Meditation and psychedelics have played key roles in humankind's search for self-transcendence and personal change. However, neither their possible synergistic effects, nor related state and trait predictors have been experimentally studied. To elucidate these issues, we administered double-blind the model psychedelic drug psilocybin (315 μg/kg PO) or placebo to meditators (n = 39) during a 5-day mindfulness group retreat. Psilocybin increased meditation depth and incidence of positively experienced self-dissolution along the perception-hallucination continuum, without concomitant anxiety. Openness, optimism, and emotional reappraisal were predictors of the acute response. Compared with placebo, psilocybin enhanced post-intervention mindfulness and produced larger positive changes in psychosocial functioning at a 4-month follow-up, which were corroborated by external ratings, and associated with magnitude of acute self-dissolution experience. Meditation seems to enhance psilocybin's positive effects while counteracting possible dysphoric responses. These findings highlight the interactions between non-pharmacological and pharmacological factors, and the role of emotion/attention regulation in shaping the experiential quality of psychedelic states, as well as the experience of selflessness as a modulator of behavior and attitudes. A better comprehension of mechanisms underlying most beneficial psychedelic experiences may guide therapeutic interventions across numerous mental conditions in the form of psychedelic-assisted applications.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2019-10-23", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-019-50612-3", "pubmed_id": "31649304", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50612-3", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Mindfulness, Psychology, Meditation, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Anxiety, Placebo, Psychological intervention, Psychiatry, Medicine, Pathology, Theology, Philosophy, Alternative medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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Smigielski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113153562\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Krähenmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065724982\",\"display_name\":\"Theo Huber\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50612-3\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2981695213" }, { "id": 3920, "title": "Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for depression considerations for clinical trial design", "authors": "Kelley C. O’Donnell, Sarah E. Mennenga, Michael P. Bogenschutz", "abstract": "Background and aims Given the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent findings have suggested that psychedelic drugs may have a role in the treatment of depressive symptoms, and a number of groups are in the process of developing protocols to study this question systematically. Given the subjective quality of both the psychedelic experience and depressive symptomatology, great care must be taken when designing a protocol to study the clinical efficacy of psychedelic drugs. This study will discuss many factors to consider when designing a clinical trial of psilocybin for MDD. Methods We provide a thorough review of pertinent research into antidepressant clinical trial methodology and review practical considerations that are relevant to the study of psychedelic-assisted treatment for depression. Results We discuss participant selection (including diagnostic accuracy, exclusion criteria, characteristics of the depressive episode, and the use of concurrent medications), study interventions (including dosing regimens, placebo selection, non-pharmacological components of treatment, and the importance of blinding), trial duration, outcome measures, and safety considerations. Conclusions Careful and transparent study design and data analysis will maximize the likelihood of generating meaningful, reproducible results, and identifying a treatment-specific effect. Meeting the highest standards for contemporary trial design may also broaden the acceptance of psychedelic research in the scientific community at large.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2019-08-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2019.026", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2019.026", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Blinding, Clinical trial, Major depressive disorder, Protocol (science), Psychological intervention, Depression (economics), Antidepressant, Medicine, Clinical study design, Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Research design, Alternative medicine, Hallucinogen, Anxiety, Cognition, Macroeconomics, Social science, Sociology, Pathology, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2974814938\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2974814938\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":15,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1035028816\",\"https://openalex.org/W1730751745\",\"https://openalex.org/W1776258049\",\"https://openalex.org/W1908895882\",\"https://openalex.org/W1924546259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964684482\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978384112\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002554882\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004762037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017854344\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018351853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018366064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023634568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023687307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032318019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033784736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034669884\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049695419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057880023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063900798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066671649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083644336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083894864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084152792\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090339413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094608167\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101646907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112249597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120460120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124295269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128603617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139725402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142133137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146236789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148083007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148796661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153403353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159011576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169411569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171340584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291794699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2296296811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318643681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319165603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326537158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340399189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410368260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2428332025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2438144546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2480021183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2590652160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757390367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2807830955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894431596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2942667518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2944263526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240995428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245499518\",\"https://openalex.org/W6637688905\",\"https://openalex.org/W6696590373\",\"https://openalex.org/W6703672616\",\"https://openalex.org/W6717913965\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042151214\",\"display_name\":\"Kelley C. O’Donnell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-2699\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087382833\",\"display_name\":\"Sarah E. Mennenga\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2019.026\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2974814938" }, { "id": 3919, "title": "Motives for Classical and Novel Psychoactive Substances Use in Psychedelic Polydrug Users", "normalized_title": "motives for classical and novel psychoactive substances use in psychedelic polydrug users", "authors": "Hannes Kettner, Natasha L. Mason, Kim P. C. Kuypers", "abstract": "Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are compounds designed to mimic the effects of existing recreational drugs (classical psychoactive substances [CPS]), while eluding established legal frameworks. Little is known about their effects and potential harms, rendering the increasing number of NPS a challenge to policy makers and researchers alike. Quantitative studies on the motives underlying NPS use are limited, though understanding them is crucial for the design of effective harm prevention strategies. The present study therefore aimed to compare motivational patterns for NPS, CPS, and legal psychoactive substance (LPS) use. An online survey including questions about lifetime drug use, demographics, and motives for use was completed by 2,319 participants of which 1,967 consented and were 18 years or older. Data on lifetime use and endorsed motives are presented for 12 psychoactive substances classified into LPS (alcohol, nicotine), CPS (cannabis, MDMA/ecstasy, amphetamines, cocaine, psilocybin, LSD, ayahuasca), and NPS (synthetic cannabinoids, stimulant, and hallucinogenic) and compared between classes. Across substances, the most frequently endorsed motives were to feel euphoric (58.0%), enhance an activity (52.3%), and broaden consciousness (48.1%). Motives for use were found to differ by substance and gender, with coping-related reasons being more frequent among female participants compared to males who indicated to use for a broad range of reasons. Motivational patterns of CPS and NPS use were largely similar to their classical analogues, this was not the case for synthetic cannabinoids, which had as main endorsed motive getting intoxicated, indiscriminate of specific qualities. This information can feed into tailoring of educational campaigns and prevention strategies.", "journal": "Contemporary Drug Problems", "publication_date": "2019-08-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/0091450919863899", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450919863899", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychoactive substance, Ecstasy, Hallucinogen, Synthetic cannabinoids, MDMA, Cannabis, Psychoactive drug, Psychology, Stimulant, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Designer drug, Mephedrone, Harm, Medicine, Drug, Social psychology, Cannabinoid, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2976211839\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2976211839\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":50,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1521350254\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966752016\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976912915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984077542\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999098339\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999907032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012078524\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040355369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056981803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064958196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065497253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067019896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088879945\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120612192\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130643119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130756303\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134194273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137885372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149502241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181040265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287202605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2291109469\",\"https://openalex.org/W2306084999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2314504745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336789337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2554232242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2557014604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2583234323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2747453246\",\"https://openalex.org/W3008753848\",\"https://openalex.org/W3046885423\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056016180\",\"display_name\":\"Hannes Kettner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0998\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041055116\",\"display_name\":\"Natasha L. Mason\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0389\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024651565\",\"display_name\":\"Kim P. C. Kuypers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764474067\",\"source_display_name\":\"Contemporary Drug Problems\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450919863899\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2976211839" }, { "id": 3287, "title": "Psilocybin exerts distinct effects on resting state networks associated with serotonin and dopamine in mice", "normalized_title": "psilocybin exerts distinct effects on resting state networks associated with serotonin and dopamine in mice", "authors": "Grandjean J, Buehlmann D, Buerge M, Sigrist H, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Pryce CR, Rudin M.", "abstract": "Hallucinogenic agents have been proposed as potent antidepressants; this includes the serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2A agonist psilocybin. In human subjects, psilocybin alters functional connectivity (FC) within the default-mode network (DMN), a constellation of inter-connected regions that is involved in self-reference and displays altered FC in depressive disorders. In this study we investigated the effects of psilocybin on FC in the analogue of the DMN in mouse, with a view to establishing an experimental animal model to investigate underlying mechanisms. Psilocybin effects were investigated in lightly-anaesthetized mice using resting-state fMRI. Dual-regression analysis identified reduced FC within the ventral striatum in psilocybin-relative to vehicle-treated mice. Refinement of the analysis using spatial references derived from both gene expression maps and viral tracer projection fields revealed two distinct effects of psilocybin: it increased FC between 5-HT-associated networks and elements of the murine DMN, thalamus, and midbrain; it decreased FC within dopamine (DA)-associated striatal networks. These results suggest that interaction between 5-HT- and DA-regulated neural networks contributes to the neural and therefore psychological effects of psilocybin. Furthermore, they highlight how information on molecular expression patterns and structural connectivity can assist in the interpretation of pharmaco-fMRI findings.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2019-08-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1101/751255", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/751255", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:49", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:03", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR90802\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3583, "title": "A Randomised, Balanced, Double-blind Two-way Crossover Design Study to Evaluate the Effects of SRC Kinase Inhibitor, Saracatinib, on Brain Activity Associated With Visual Processing in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Psychosis.", "normalized_title": "a randomised balanced double blind two way crossover design study to evaluate the effects of src kinase inhibitor saracatinib on brain activity associated with visual processing in patients with parkinson s disease psychosis", "authors": "King's College London", "abstract": "Parkinson's disease is often characterised by movement symptoms such as rigidity and bradykinesia, however, there are a number of non-motor symptoms that can have a significant impact on quality of life. One of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease is visual hallucinations (where someone sees things that don't exist outside their mind).. Recent findings led to the approval of a drug called Pimavanserin as a treatment for PD psychosis in the USA. Based on other recent studies, we believe that Saracatinib, a drug that interacts within the same system as Pimavanserin, is a potential treatment for PD psychosis. Saracatinib has shown to reduce the intensity of the psychedelic effect induced by psilocybin (a naturally occurring psychedelic found in psilocybe mushrooms) and attenuate social cognition and brain changes in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study is to test the effects of 14 days dosing of saracatinib or placebo on 30 volunteers with PD psychosis. We aim to to use neuroimaging combined with psychopharmacology to provide evidence that a putative new treatment approach can modulate abnormal visual cortex activation in patients with PD psychosis. If positive, this proof of mechanism study would provide a strong platform to pursue symptom modification studies with Saracatinib. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition which has a 1% prevalence in the over 60s and also affects young adults. As well as motor symptoms such as akinesia or rigidity, many patients also experience non-motor symptoms of which psychosis is the most common (Chang and Fox, 2016). Current treatments for Parkinson's disease psychosis include atypical antipsychotics such as quetiapine, clozapine and pimavanserin (a 5-HT2a inverse agonist). Pimavanserin has recently been approved in the USA as a PD psychosis treatment; it has been shown to have an overall effect on reducing hallucinations as a whole, but not on visual hallucinations specifically. Functional neuroimaging evidence confirms dysfunctional ventral visual pathway activity in PD psychosis with altered metabolism, blood flow and brain activation following visual stimulation (Chang and Fox, 2016). Outside of the ventral visual pathways, two imaging studies in PD patients with visual hallucinations have shown altered connectivity within the default mode network, a brain system implicated in many neuropsychiatric conditions, pointing to more widespread abnormalities (Chang and Fox, 2016). Structural imaging studies show some atrophy within the ventral visual pathways, but also implicates brain regions outside of visual processing areas, including parietal, frontal, and cerebellar and hippocampal regions (Ffytche et al., 2017). Moreover, even though the serotoninergic dysfunction underpinning Parkinson's disease psychosis is not fully understood, animal studies with psychedelics have pointed to the dimerisation of the 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptors and the over recruitment of specific downstream signalling pathways. Src kinase inhibition is a potential mechanism for blocking the hallucinogenic effects of 5-HT2A receptor agonism. Src kinase inhibitor, Saracatinib, has shown to reduce the intensity of the psychedelic effect induced by psilocybin (a naturally occurring psychedelic found in psilocybe mushrooms (Byock, 2018)) and attenuate social cognition and brain changes in healthy volunteers. We will test the effects of Saracatinib on brain activity associated with visual processing using a visual processing task, known to be sensitive to 5-HT2a receptor stimulation in previous studies with psilocybin (Carter et al., 2004), and a visual recognition task (Meppelink et al., 2009) with known sensitivity to PD psychosis, both scanned using the latest implementation of multi-echo blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). We aim to conduct a double-blind crossover design study, looking at the effects of Saracatinib and placebo treatment on 26 patients who have PD with psychosis. Existing data shows that 10 days of dosing with Saracatinib will achieve a steady state level that is known to be well tolerated in people with Alzheimer's disease (Nygaard et al., 2015). Therefore, participants will be given an oral dose of 100mg of Saracatinib or placebo as two 50mg tablets to be taken once daily for 14 days. Participants will return to the clinic on day 14 for their final dose of Saracatinib or placebo, fMRI and EEG scans, cognitive assessments, physical examination and blood screen. The participants will then move onto the second treatment arm where they will receive a further 14 days of dosing with saracatinib or placebo depending on the group they were in for the first treatment arm. There will be a minimum 2-week washout between treatment arms to avoid potential carry over effects.", "journal": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "publication_date": "2019-08-12", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03661125", "keywords": "Parkinson Disease Psychosis, Saracatinib, Placebo Oral Tablet, UNKNOWN", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "ClinicalTrials.gov", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:04:28", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:33", "raw_json": "{\"nct_id\":\"NCT03661125\",\"overall_status\":\"UNKNOWN\",\"phase\":[\"EARLY_PHASE1\"]}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "clinical trial", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2331, "title": "Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research.", "normalized_title": "microdosing psychedelics more questions than answers an overview and suggestions for future research", "authors": "Kuypers KP, Ng L, Erritzoe D, Knudsen GM, Nichols CD, Nichols DE, Pani L, Soula A, Nutt D.", "abstract": "BackgroundIn the past few years, the issue of 'microdosing' psychedelics has been openly discussed in the public arena where claims have been made about their positive effect on mood state and cognitive processes such as concentration. However, there are very few scientific studies that have specifically addressed this issue, and there is no agreed scientific consensus on what microdosing is.AimThis critique paper is designed to address questions that need to be answered by future scientific studies and to offer guidelines for these studies.ApproachOwing to its proximity for a possible approval in clinical use and short-lasting pharmacokinetics, our focus is predominantly on psilocybin. Psilocybin is allegedly, next to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), one of the two most frequently used psychedelics to microdose. Where relevant and available, data for other psychedelic drugs are also mentioned.ConclusionIt is concluded that while most anecdotal reports focus on the positive experiences with microdosing, future research should also focus on potential risks of (multiple) administrations of a psychedelic in low doses. To that end, (pre)clinical studies including biological (e.g. heart rate, receptor turnover and occupancy) as well as cognitive (e.g. memory, attention) parameters have to be conducted and will shed light on the potential negative consequences microdosing could have.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-07-13", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1177/0269881119857204", "pubmed_id": "31303095", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119857204", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Memory, Attention, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"31303095\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2337, "title": "Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook", "normalized_title": "psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges an empirical codebook", "authors": "Thomas Anderson, Rotem Petranker, Adam Christopher, Daniel Rosenbaum, Cory R. Weissman, Lê-Anh Dinh-Williams, Katrina Hui, Emma Hapke", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of consuming very low, sub-hallucinogenic doses of a psychedelic substance, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. According to media reports, microdosing has grown in popularity, yet the scientific literature contains minimal research on this practice. There has been limited reporting on adverse events associated with microdosing, and the experiences of microdosers in community samples have not been categorized. METHODS: In the present study, we develop a codebook of microdosing benefits and challenges (MDBC) based on the qualitative reports of a real-world sample of 278 microdosers. RESULTS: We describe novel findings, both in terms of beneficial outcomes, such as improved mood (26.6%) and focus (14.8%), and in terms of challenging outcomes, such as physiological discomfort (18.0%) and increased anxiety (6.7%). We also show parallels between benefits and drawbacks and discuss the implications of these results. We probe for substance-dependent differences, finding that psilocybin-only users report the benefits of microdosing were more important than other users report. CONCLUSIONS: These mixed-methods results help summarize and frame the experiences reported by an active microdosing community as high-potential avenues for future scientific research. The MDBC taxonomy reported here informs future research, leveraging participant reports to distil the highest-potential intervention targets so research funding can be efficiently allocated. Microdosing research complements the full-dose literature as clinical treatments are developed and neuropharmacological mechanisms are sought. This framework aims to inform researchers and clinicians as experimental microdosing research begins in earnest in the years to come.", "journal": "Harm Reduction Journal", "publication_date": "2019-07-08", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1186/s12954-019-0308-4", "pubmed_id": "31288862", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0308-4", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Popularity, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Social psychology, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":130,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1607675442\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038508460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112884745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160313238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2204342160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2246512549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2353739181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407293509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412432222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2523536733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551626080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585292421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2601624718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607844825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2623228771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2789213216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799134957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2809850625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2894541203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2895986834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899405464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2907379922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2951080359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2957955970\",\"https://openalex.org/W3129763680\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232989343\",\"https://openalex.org/W4237074748\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248188316\",\"https://openalex.org/W6617648042\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082063863\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Anderson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-5219\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012017884\",\"display_name\":\"Rotem Petranker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-0109\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020881628\",\"display_name\":\"Adam Christopher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-9973\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073527004\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Rosenbaum\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-9380\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038223318\",\"display_name\":\"Cory R. Weissman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-8263\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023059397\",\"display_name\":\"Lê-Anh Dinh-Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7756\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069659750\",\"display_name\":\"Katrina Hui\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-3779\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001698290\",\"display_name\":\"Emma Hapke\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S150411170\",\"source_display_name\":\"Harm Reduction Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0308-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Microdosing,Healthcare Workers,Adverse Events,Toxicity", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2957955970" }, { "id": 2363, "title": "Psychedelic drugs-a new era in psychiatry?", "normalized_title": "psychedelic drugs a new era in psychiatry", "authors": "David Nutt", "abstract": "This article covers the renaissance of classical psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD plus 3,4-methylene dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-ecstasy) in psychiatric research. These drugs were used quite extensively before they became prohibited. This ban had little impact on recreational use, but effectively stopped research and clinical treatments, which up to that point had looked very promising in several areas of psychiatry. In the past decade a number of groups have been working to re-evaluate the utility of these substances in medicine. So far highly promising preliminary data have been produced with psilocybin in anxiety, depression, smoking, alcoholism, and with MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcoholism. These findings have led to the European Medicines Agency approving psilocybin for a phase 3 study in treatment-resistant depression and the Food and Drug Administration for PTSD with MDMA. Both trials should read out in 2020, and if the results are positive we are likely to see these medicines approved for clinical practice soon afterwards..", "journal": "Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2019-06-29", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.31887/dcns.2019.21.2/dnutt", "pubmed_id": "31636488", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2019.21.2/dnutt", "keywords": "Psilocybin, MDMA, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Ecstasy, Psychoactive drug, Medicine, Psychology, Recreational Drug, Drug, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2985843276\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":131,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W202043522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1496251699\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582811168\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071066362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097563002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124413615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132011757\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141746953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330815024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412432222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2588408561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2781316183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2784069100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791671940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799742551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248607037\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S3206652469\",\"source_display_name\":\"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2019.21.2/dnutt\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2985843276" }, { "id": 3926, "title": "The Potential of Psilocybin Administration in Terminal Cancer Patients", "normalized_title": "the potential of psilocybin administration in terminal cancer patients", "authors": "Richard Simoneaux", "abstract": "psilocybin; depression; terminal cancer; CME; CNE: psilocybin; depression; terminal cancer; CME; CNEPsilocybin is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in more than 200 species of mushrooms. This compound, which was first isolated by the Swiss chemist Albert Hofman in 1959, is the active constituent of psychedelic mushrooms which are thought to have been utilized by humans since prehistoric times. In vivo, psilocybin is converted by the liver to psilocin, which is in fact the active pharmacological agent. Mechanistically, psilocin is thought to function as a partial agonist to several serotonin receptors. In the 1960s, several different groups were performing research using psychedelic agents; however, these studies were drastically affected by the U.S. government's classification of both psilocybin and psilocin as Schedule I drugs in October 1970, though increasingly limited research continued at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center until 1977. After a dormant period of 22 years, Roland Griffiths, PhD, and William Richards, PhD, successfully obtained federal and university clearances in 1999 to reinitiate human studies with psilocybin at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. In October 2018, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. “I am hopeful that the FDA's designation of psilocybin as a breakthrough therapy for treatment-resistant depression will allow greater exploration of psychedelic therapy in other patient populations,” stated Richards, who is a psychologist in the Psychiatry Department of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Center. Phase II Study in Cancer Patients Many cancer patients experience psychological stress due to their diagnosis, which can result in clinically significant depression and/or anxiety. In a phase II clinical study (NCT00465595), supported by the Heffter Research Institute and performed at Johns Hopkins, researchers evaluated psilocybin in participants who had received a potentially life-threatening cancer diagnosis who also had anxiety and depressed mood (J Psychopharm 2016;30:1181-1197). In this double-blind study, patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to two different psilocybin dosing regimens: high dose (22 or 30 mg/70 kg) first followed by a low dose (1 or 3 mg/70 kg) or low dose first followed by a high dose. Initially, the high dose was 30 mg/70 kg; however, this was reduced to 22 mg/70 kg after two of the first three patients receiving the high dose were discontinued by the study personnel. The low dose of psilocybin was lowered to 1 mg/70 kg from 3 mg/70 kg after dosing 12 participants at the 3 mg level. This dose was altered because data from the same dose-effect study showed significant psilocybin effects at 5 mg/70 kg, and there was concern that 3 mg/70 kg might produce psychedelic effects in some research volunteers and not serve reliably as an inactive placebo. There were two primary therapeutic outcome measures which were utilized: the widely used GRID-HAMD-17 for depression and HAM-A assessed with the SIGH-A for anxiety. These measurements were taken at baseline, 5 weeks after each session, and at 6 months. In clinician-rated measures, clinical significance was noted for those responses with a 50 percent or greater decrease in measure with respect to baseline, while symptom remission was defined as a 50 percent or greater decrease in measure relative to baseline and a score of seven or less on the GRID-HAMD or HAM-A. This study, which included 51 patients (low/high-25; high/low-26), showed that, when administered in a psychologically supportive setting by properly trained personnel, a single dose of psilocybin can produce clinically significant responses, yielding substantial and enduring decreases in both depressed mood and anxiety. In addition, many of these cancer patients also reported increases in quality of life, as well as decreases in death anxiety. Enduring effects at 6 months were noted for the patients in assessments made by the patients, clinicians, and community observers. “At 6 months, the overall rate of clinical response for clinician-rated depression was 78 percent, while the figure for clinician-rated anxiety was 83 percent,” Richards noted. Two similar studies conducted at UCLA and New York University also reported positive findings. Pharmacokinetics Study An open-label phase I dose-escalation study (NCT02163707) evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of psilocybin in 12 healthy adult participants in sequential doses of 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 mg/kg (Clin Pharmacokinet 2017;56:1543-1554). In preparation for receiving psilocybin, eligible healthy adults had between 6 and 8 hours of counseling prior to receiving their dosing. Psilocybin administration was performed at monthly intervals in a controlled environment with 24-hour monitoring. In some participants, an extended elimination phase was noted; this was postulated to be due to the hydrolysis of a key psilocin metabolite. An important observation was the fact that variability in psilocin clearance was not predicted by body weight. Importantly, no serious adverse events were noted during the course of this study. Using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, a 25 mg oral dose of psilocybin would produce a drug exposure that approximated the 0.3 mg/kg oral dose utilized in this study. Importantly, no serious physical or psychological effects were noted during or up to 30 days after any dose, even at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, which is roughly double that likely to be used in a clinical setting. Future Studies A randomized, double-blind phase II clinical study (NCT03866174), which is being sponsored by the Usona Institute, is planned to include 80 participants from 21 to 65 years old who meet the criteria for major depressive disorder as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Stratification will be performed according to study site, with participants being randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a single oral dose of either 25 mg psilocybin or placebo (100 mg niacin). “The GMP quality psilocybin that will be used in this study was synthesized in a laboratory and does not come from mushrooms,” Richards noted. The primary outcome in this study is the difference in the centrally rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score between baseline and day 8 post-dose. This clinican-rated scale is designed to measure depression severity and to detect changes resulting from antidepressant therapy. The MADRS consists of 10 items, each being scored from 0 (if the item is not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of the symptoms); with this scale, a higher score represents a more severe condition. Among the MADRS-derived secondary outcomes in this study were change in a centrally rated MADRS score from baseline to day 43 post-dose; sustained depressive symptom response, which is defined as a 50 percent or greater reduction from baseline in the centrally rated MADRS score at all post-dose assessments (at days 8, 15, 29, and 43 post-dose); and sustained depressive symptom remission, which is defined as a centrally rated MADRS score 10 or less at all post-dose assessments (at days 8, 15, 29, and 43 post-dose). An additional secondary outcome is the difference in the local investigator-assessed Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) scores between baseline and day 43 post-dose. The SDS, which consists of three self-rated items, is designed to gauge the degree to which a patient's life is affected by psychiatric symptoms, including depression. The study is estimated to start in September 2019 and expected to be completed by February 2021. In another phase IIb clinical study (NCT03775200), the safety and efficacy of psilocybin is being evaluated in patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression. This trial, which is being conducted at treatment centers in North America and Europe, is planned to include 216 patients from 18 to 55 years of age. This study, which is quadruple-masked (patient, care provider, investigator, and outcomes assessor), includes three different treatment arms: low-dose psilocybin, medium-dose psilocybin, and high-dose psilocybin. The primary outcome measure in this trial is the MADRS, measured up to 12 weeks after dosing. Discussion When asked about his background with psilocybin therapy for cancer patients, Richards replied, “I treated my first cancer patient with psilocybin in 1967. Over the years, the responses that I have noted in cancer patients who have received psilocybin-based psychedelic therapy combined with counseling have been remarkably transformative.” Richards explained the procedure for prospective candidates receiving psychedelic therapy. “First, potential candidates for this therapy are screened to determine if this therapy would be appropriate for them. Next, the patient undergoes a total of 6-8 hours of counseling prior to being dosed with psilocybin. This counseling is extremely important, as it develops a sense of trust with the staff that will be present with the patient when they are under the influence of psilocybin, as well as prepare the participants for what they may experience during the dosing session. “It is essential that the patient establish a significant level of trust with the individuals who will be with them during the action of psilocybin, as that will put them at ease and allow them to be more open to their unfolding inner experiences; the ability to be at ease and open to the alternative states of consciousness is of paramount importance for the patient to derive the most benefit from the agent. Many [bad experiences] are often the result of the patient trying to be in control of the psychedelic experiences instead of allowing them to follow their own course.” Regarding the results he has personally observed, Richards stated, “The outcomes observed in our studies have been significantly transformative, with many patients showing positive effects many months after a single dose of psilocybin. In many instances, not only does the terminal cancer patient lose their fear of death, but they will actually take on the role of a counselor and help those grieving in their families to cope with their impending mortality. “The main thing that I would like to convey to clinicians is that the transformation that psilocybin ushers forth, which is often several months in length, is drawn from the patient's long-term memory, not the result of any lingering compound present in their system or continuing drug administration. When asked why psilocybin was still listed as a Schedule I substance, Richards replied rhetorically, “Now that is a very profound question, isn't it? The University of Wisconsin study showed that, in healthy adults, no serious psychological or physical effects were observed up to 30 days after dosing, even at supratherapeutic levels. “In terms of abuse potential, psilocybin is absolutely not habit-forming, does not result in physical dependence even with repeated use, and in my opinion has much less risk for overuse than the opioids which are routinely prescribed for pain management. That having been said, it is crucial that when someone takes psilocybin that they are in a safe environment in the company of appropriately trained professionals who can ensure their personal safety.” Summarizing, Richards stated, “Now is a very exciting time to be doing psychedelic research using psilocybin; the FDA's granting of Breakthrough Therapy designation for psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression is a noteworthy milestone which may eventually lead to the removal of its Schedule I classification. “I am hopeful that the results that have been obtained for cancer patients with psilocybin therapy and counseling may serve as a springboard to apply this treatment to others in need.” Richard Simoneaux is a contributing writer. Read This Article & Earn CME or CNE! Earn continuing education credit by completing a quiz about this article. You may read the article here or on our website, then complete the quiz, answering at least 70 percent of the questions correctly to earn credit. CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION INFORMATION FOR PHYSICIANS Visit http://CME.LWW.com for more information about this educational offering and to complete the CME activity. This enduring material is available to physicians in all specialties. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This activity expires June 30, 2021. The cost of the exam is $10. The payment covers processing and certificate fees. PROVIDER ACCREDITATION INFORMATION FOR NURSES Lippincott Professional Development (LPD) will award 1.0 contact hour for this continuing nursing education activity. LPD is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. This activity is also provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP11749 for 1.0 contact hour. LWW is also an approved provider by the District of Columbia, Georgia, and Florida CE Broker #50-1223. Visit www.nursingcenter.com/ce for more information and to complete the CNE activity. Fee: $12.95. Deadline: June 4, 2021 For nurses who wish to take the test for CE contact hours, visit www.nursingcenter.com/ce. Learning Objectives for This Month's CME Activity: After participating in this CME/CNE activity, readers should be better able to: 1. Analyze outcomes observed in various studies that used psilocybin for patients with terminal cancer. 2.Outline the goals of future research that will treat terminal cancer patients with psilocybin. Disclosure: The author(s), faculty, staff, and planners, including spouses/partners (if any), in any position to control the content of this activity have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial companies relevant to this educational activity.", "journal": "Oncology Times", "publication_date": "2019-06-27", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1097/01.cot.0000574916.46844.cf", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000574916.46844.cf", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Depression (economics), Cancer, Medicine, Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Psychology, Internal medicine, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2956046898\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2956046898\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":14,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070426634\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Simoneaux\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-057X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210170078\",\"source_display_name\":\"Oncology Times\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000574916.46844.cf\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Clinical Trial,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Healthcare Workers,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2956046898" }, { "id": 2324, "title": "Spectral signatures of serotonergic psychedelics and glutamatergic dissociatives", "normalized_title": "spectral signatures of serotonergic psychedelics and glutamatergic dissociatives", "authors": "Carla Pallavicini, Martina G. Vilas, Mirta F. Villarreal, Federico Zamberlán, Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris, Enzo Tagliazucchi", "abstract": "", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2019-06-23", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.053", "pubmed_id": "31247301", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.053", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Phencyclidine, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, NMDA receptor, Psychology, Chemistry, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2949577636\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2949577636\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":66,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006651985\",\"display_name\":\"Carla Pallavicini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-7735\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054185529\",\"display_name\":\"Martina G. Vilas\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-8534\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028679152\",\"display_name\":\"Mirta F. Villarreal\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-4281\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048583007\",\"display_name\":\"Federico Zamberlán\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000583874\",\"display_name\":\"Suresh Muthukumaraswamy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-3920\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058986420\",\"display_name\":\"Enzo Tagliazucchi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-9993\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.053\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2949577636" }, { "id": 3928, "title": "Faces of HPPD: Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Patient Survey Results and a Descriptive Analysis of Patient Demographics, Medical Background, Drug Use History, Symptoms, and Treatments", "normalized_title": "faces of hppd hallucinogen persisting perception disorder patient survey results and a descriptive analysis of patient demographics medical background drug use history symptoms and treatments", "authors": "Doreen M. Lewis", "abstract": "Objective: The purpose of the present study was to obtain patient information across a wide geography about medical history, drug use, symptoms, and treatments of individuals diagnosed with hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD). Methods: The study was an internet survey that yielded 26 HPPD patients from North America (81%), Europe (12%), and South America (almost 8%), predominantly male (73%), white (92%), with a median age of 24.5 (range, 18 to 63) years, who have been living with HPPD from a period of", "journal": "Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment", "publication_date": "2019-06-09", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1097/adt.0000000000000178", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000178", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Anxiety, Psychiatric history, Suicidal ideation, Medicine, Depersonalization, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Poison control, Suicide prevention, Internal medicine, Burnout, Receptor, Serotonin, Emotional exhaustion, Environmental health, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2950544971\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2950544971\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053565047\",\"display_name\":\"Doreen M. Lewis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-6357\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S50600419\",\"source_display_name\":\"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000178\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Observational Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2950544971" }, { "id": 3929, "title": "Introduction: Evidence for entheogen use in prehistory and world religions", "normalized_title": "introduction evidence for entheogen use in prehistory and world religions", "authors": "Michael Winkelman", "abstract": "This introduction to the special issue reviews research that supports the hypothesis that psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, were central features in the development of religion. The greater response of the human serotonergic system to psychedelics than is the case for chimpanzees’ serotonergic receptors indicates that these substances were environmental factors that affected hominin evolution. These substances also contributed to the evolution of ritual capacities, shamanism, and the associated alterations of consciousness. The role of psilocybin mushrooms in the ancient evolution of human religions is attested to fungiform petroglyphs, rock artifacts, and mythologies from all major regions of the world. This prehistoric mycolatry persisted into the historic era in the major religious traditions of the world, which often left evidence of these practices in sculpture, art, and scriptures. This continuation of entheogenic practices in the historical world is addressed in the articles here. But even through new entheogenic combinations were introduced, complex societies generally removed entheogens from widespread consumption, restricted them in private and exclusive spiritual practices of the leaders, and often carried out repressive punishment of those who engaged in entheogenic practices.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2019-05-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2019.024", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2019.024", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Prehistory, Shamanism, Consciousness, Consumption (sociology), Rock art, History, Environmental ethics, Mythology, Anthropology, Punishment (psychology), Ethnology, Sociology, Aesthetics, Hallucinogen, Archaeology, Psychology, Social science, Art, Epistemology, Philosophy, Social psychology, Psychiatry, Classics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Archaeology and Rock Art Studies, Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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Winkelman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-348X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2019.024\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Spirituality,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2972809261" }, { "id": 2041, "title": "Correction: Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels.", "normalized_title": "correction psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2a receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels", "authors": "Madsen MK, Fisher PM, Burmester D, Dyssegaard A, Stenbæk DS, Kristiansen S, Johansen SS, Lehel S, Linnet K, Svarer C, Erritzoe D, Ozenne B, Knudsen GM.", "abstract": "The original version of this article contained an error in the labelling of Figures 2 and 3. While the captions and figures themselves are correct, in order to correspond with the in-text references, they have now been re-numbered in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-05-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-019-0360-5", "pubmed_id": "30846853", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0360-5", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30846853\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2327, "title": "Dynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin", "normalized_title": "dynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin", "authors": "Louis-David Lord, Paul Expert, Selen Atasoy, Leor Roseman, Kristina M. Rapuano, Renaud Lambiotte, David Nutt, Gustavo Deco, Robin Carhart-Harris, Morten L. Kringelbach, Joana Cabral", "abstract": "", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2019-05-23", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.060", "pubmed_id": "31132450", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.060", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Rest (music), Repertoire, Neuroscience, Psychology, Computer science, Cognitive science, Physics, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Acoustics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health Research Topics, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2945514479\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":249,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1574896211\",\"https://openalex.org/W1799123644\",\"https://openalex.org/W1921779474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973272857\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974554864\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983485726\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983740074\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996533374\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999718518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000567868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002923643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003148418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005644553\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005933475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009494091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013140861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015953751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035985861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042422091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044461825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052644075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063294564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067456724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069908974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071881327\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077770566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080403608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085561705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096705406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097982135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106592748\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110827666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116647777\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116658855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117621792\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118038107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123684145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124771917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131536379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133478841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137526583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145729305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146141169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149013149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151374846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157727455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166045982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168448159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2175184313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2180423080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2259576239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2298354499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402667358\",\"https://openalex.org/W2499800833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2523445223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2597410197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2615397937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726287250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762088711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765216222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887607784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889959197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898334035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2898717395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2899483196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921919805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949457836\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950869179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2964030958\",\"https://openalex.org/W3103282364\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235770099\",\"https://openalex.org/W4295750005\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058914493\",\"display_name\":\"Louis-David Lord\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050966346\",\"display_name\":\"Paul Expert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-4623\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062608070\",\"display_name\":\"Selen Atasoy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-8462\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003508094\",\"display_name\":\"Kristina M. Rapuano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-098X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034372799\",\"display_name\":\"Renaud Lambiotte\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-4595\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047963275\",\"display_name\":\"Gustavo Deco\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8995-7583\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043559110\",\"display_name\":\"Morten L. Kringelbach\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-6898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003980225\",\"display_name\":\"Joana Cabral\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-0826\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.060\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2945514479" }, { "id": 2334, "title": "Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat", "normalized_title": "psilocybin lacks antidepressant like effect in the flinders sensitive line rat", "authors": "Oskar Hougaard Jefsen, Kristoffer Højgaard, Sofie Laage Christiansen, Betina Elfving, David Nutt, Gregers Wegener, Heidi Kaastrup Müller", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Psilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric illnesses. We investigated whether the administration of psilocybin had an antidepressant-like effect in a rat model of depression. METHODS: Using the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression, we assessed the antidepressant-like effect of psilocin and psilocybin, measured as a reduction in immobility time in the forced swim test (FST). We measured locomotor activity in an open field test (OFT) to control for stimulant properties of the drugs. We performed a set of experiments to test different doses, treatment paradigms, and timing of the tests in relation to the drug administration. RESULTS: Psilocin and psilocybin showed no effect on immobility, struggling, or swimming behaviour in the FST and no effect on locomotor activity in the OFT. FSL rats did show significantly more immobility than their control strain, the Flinders Resistant Line, as expected. CONCLUSION: Psilocin and psilocybin showed no antidepressant-like effect in the FSL rats, despite a positive effect in humans. This suggests that other animal models of depression and other behavioural tests may be more appropriate for translational studies in the effects of psilocybin.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatrica", "publication_date": "2019-05-19", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1017/neu.2019.15", "pubmed_id": "31106729", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.15", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Open field, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Behavioural despair test, Agonist, Treatment-resistant depression, Psychology, 5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Neuroscience, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": 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Hougaard Jefsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-5158\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015051546\",\"display_name\":\"Kristoffer Højgaard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-3953\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019502815\",\"display_name\":\"Sofie Laage Christiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062999838\",\"display_name\":\"Betina Elfving\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-5088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012173155\",\"display_name\":\"Gregers Wegener\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-0068\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089941210\",\"display_name\":\"Heidi Kaastrup Müller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-8114\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S173281865\",\"source_display_name\":\"Acta Neuropsychiatrica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.15\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2945318261" }, { "id": 2039, "title": "Generation of monoclonal antibodies for on-site analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in hallucinogenic mushrooms", "normalized_title": "generation of monoclonal antibodies for on site analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in hallucinogenic mushrooms", "authors": "Izumi Morita, Hiroyuki Oyama, Rie Tanaka, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Norihiro Kobayashi", "abstract": "", "journal": "Clinica Chimica Acta", "publication_date": "2019-05-14", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.139", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.139", "keywords": "Chemistry, Muscarine, Deoxygenation, Derivative (finance), Anomer, Stereochemistry, Decarboxylation, Stereoselectivity, Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Economics, Financial economics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Polyamine Metabolism and Applications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2945277871\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2945277871\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024637509\",\"display_name\":\"Izumi Morita\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-0214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058999985\",\"display_name\":\"Hiroyuki Oyama\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-5701\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029695506\",\"display_name\":\"Rie Tanaka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-0348\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044593952\",\"display_name\":\"Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-1664\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020026659\",\"display_name\":\"Norihiro Kobayashi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-0621\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207549998\",\"source_display_name\":\"Clinica Chimica Acta\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.139\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2945277871" }, { "id": 2987, "title": "Rapid-acting antidepressants.", "normalized_title": "rapid acting antidepressants", "authors": "Witkin JM, Martin AE, Golani LK, Xu NZ, Smith JL.", "abstract": "Conventional antidepressants (biogenic amine mechanisms) are not fully efficacious (e.g., symptoms remain after treatment, not all patients respond), produce effects only after weeks of daily dosing, and do not impact all disease symptoms. In contrast, a new class of antidepressants has been emerging since 2006 that has demonstrated rapid onset, large effect size, activity after only a single or few dose applications, and positive impact in treatment refractory patients and against some treatment-resistant symptoms (e.g., anhedonia). Rapid-acting antidepressant drug action has been demonstrated in controlled clinical studies for ketamine, a few other NMDA receptor antagonists, and scopolamine. Less clinical data are currently available for psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ayahuasca. The mechanisms of action of rapid-acting antidepressants are not fully understood. However, a general triggering mechanism appears to involve the potentiation of AMPA receptor function. Although the durability of antidepressant effects of ketamine and scopolamine is limited, psychedelic drugs have been reported to produce effects for many months. The primary impediment to generating a medicine of this type for depressed patients is side effects and the lack of methods to ensure enduring antidepressant effects. Thus, further exploration of drug possibilities continues. Esketamine ((S)-ketamine) was recently FDA approved. Compounds currently in clinical development include the NMDA receptor antagonist (R)-ketamine, the NMDA receptor modulator, GLYX-13 (Rapastinel), and the AMPA receptor potentiator TAK-653. Additional pharmacological classes have produced effects in the preclinical laboratory to suggest their potential as rapid-acting agents. These include mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists, AMPA receptor potentiators, and negative allosteric modulators of GABAA(α5) receptors. In all cases, molecules exist that could be used to provide clinical proof of concept testing.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2019-04-23", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/bs.apha.2019.03.002", "pubmed_id": "31378256", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2019.03.002", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Receptors, Muscarinic, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Muscarinic Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 07:01:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"31378256\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 3937, "title": "New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Psychedelic Experiences and Dissociation: Clinical and Clinical Pharmacological Issues", "normalized_title": "new psychoactive substances nps psychedelic experiences and dissociation clinical and clinical pharmacological issues", "authors": "Fabrizio Schifano, Flavia Napoletano, Stefania Chiappini, Laura Orsolini, Amira Guirguis, John Corkery, Stefania Bonaccorso, A Ricciardi, Norbert Scherbaum, Alessandro Vento", "abstract": "", "journal": "Current Addiction Reports", "publication_date": "2019-04-22", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1007/s40429-019-00249-z", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00249-z", "keywords": "Dissociative, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychopathology, Altered state, Psychiatry, Consciousness, Psychology, Psychoactive substance, Ecstasy, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2940982719\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2940982719\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":16,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078706372\",\"display_name\":\"Fabrizio Schifano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-5401\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014564946\",\"display_name\":\"Flavia Napoletano\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-5281\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041705984\",\"display_name\":\"Stefania Chiappini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037119438\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Orsolini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-3770\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080313345\",\"display_name\":\"Amira Guirguis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8255-0660\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058372793\",\"display_name\":\"John Corkery\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-817X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111617959\",\"display_name\":\"Stefania Bonaccorso\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009967288\",\"display_name\":\"A Ricciardi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0584-0194\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026643169\",\"display_name\":\"Norbert Scherbaum\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-6990\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091167530\",\"display_name\":\"Alessandro Vento\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-0645\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764348729\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Addiction Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00249-z\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2940982719" }, { "id": 2349, "title": "Survey of subjective \"God encounter experiences\": Comparisons among naturally occurring experiences and those occasioned by the classic psychedelics psilocybin, LSD, ayahuasca, or DMT", "normalized_title": "survey of subjective god encounter experiences comparisons among naturally occurring experiences and those occasioned by the classic psychedelics psilocybin lsd ayahuasca or dmt", "authors": "Roland R. Griffiths, Ethan Hurwitz, Alan K. Davis, Matthew W. Johnson, Robert L. Jesse", "abstract": "Naturally occurring and psychedelic drug-occasioned experiences interpreted as personal encounters with God are well described but have not been systematically compared. In this study, five groups of individuals participated in an online survey with detailed questions characterizing the subjective phenomena, interpretation, and persisting changes attributed to their single most memorable God encounter experience (n = 809 Non-Drug, 1184 psilocybin, 1251 lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 435 ayahuasca, and 606 N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)). Analyses of differences in experiences were adjusted statistically for demographic differences between groups. The Non-Drug Group was most likely to choose \"God\" as the best descriptor of that which was encountered while the psychedelic groups were most likely to choose \"Ultimate Reality.\" Although there were some other differences between non-drug and the combined psychedelic group, as well as between the four psychedelic groups, the similarities among these groups were most striking. Most participants reported vivid memories of the encounter experience, which frequently involved communication with something having the attributes of being conscious, benevolent, intelligent, sacred, eternal, and all-knowing. The encounter experience fulfilled a priori criteria for being a complete mystical experience in approximately half of the participants. More than two-thirds of those who identified as atheist before the experience no longer identified as atheist afterwards. These experiences were rated as among the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant lifetime experiences, with moderate to strong persisting positive changes in life satisfaction, purpose, and meaning attributed to these experiences. Among the four groups of psychedelic users, the psilocybin and LSD groups were most similar and the ayahuasca group tended to have the highest rates of endorsing positive features and enduring consequences of the experience. Future exploration of predisposing factors and phenomenological and neural correlates of such experiences may provide new insights into religious and spiritual beliefs that have been integral to shaping human culture since time immemorial.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2019-04-22", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0214377", "pubmed_id": "31013281", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214377", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ayahuasca, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Parapsychology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Sociology, Anthropology, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2940999002\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":248,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W566412202\",\"https://openalex.org/W582561984\",\"https://openalex.org/W648645029\",\"https://openalex.org/W1544115525\",\"https://openalex.org/W1550172608\",\"https://openalex.org/W1576456598\",\"https://openalex.org/W1595101558\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983350514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993123675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006293429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049179793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050461051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051579023\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071802073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075080965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093994427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094933578\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099367892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105273044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105403893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114302411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135643379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171003894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2301686735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340256041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513336695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537027964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603746317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626717340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790248870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799002462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2802902398\",\"https://openalex.org/W2883914028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2900974205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977477641\",\"https://openalex.org/W3164710913\",\"https://openalex.org/W4206581430\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230668926\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239037453\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246272011\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247582466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249000931\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301132775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301430340\",\"https://openalex.org/W6615907593\",\"https://openalex.org/W6632219908\",\"https://openalex.org/W6633079634\",\"https://openalex.org/W6661669549\",\"https://openalex.org/W6750833578\",\"https://openalex.org/W6755929119\",\"https://openalex.org/W6986376650\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003785730\",\"display_name\":\"Ethan Hurwitz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038141719\",\"display_name\":\"Alan K. Davis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-8893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109843219\",\"display_name\":\"Robert L. Jesse\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214377\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2940999002" }, { "id": 3938, "title": "Attitudes Toward Medical Psychedelics", "normalized_title": "attitudes toward medical psychedelics", "authors": "McKenna Silva", "abstract": "The use of classical psychedelics in a therapy setting can have a positive impact on many different psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety, addiction, and overall spiritual wellbeing (Carhart-Harris et al., 2017). However, medicinal psychedelics have been stigmatized and removed as an option of treatment, just as medical cannabis once was. If given the same research and education opportunities as medical cannabis, medical psychedelics could resurge as a viable form of treatment. The goal of this study is to determine the extent to which perceptions of medicinal psychedelics are influenced by education, socioeconomic status and experience with depressive symptoms. This study consisted of 60 adult participants. Approximately half were randomly assigned to complete a reading about the benefits of medical psychedelics and the other half was given an unrelated placebo reading. Following the treatment participants completed the Attitudes Toward Medical Psychedelics Survey (Lewis & Sznitman, 2017), the Patients Health Questionnaire (Spitzer et al., 2001) and answered 8 demographic questions. Results are expected to demonstrate that after having read the informational reading, participants with higher education and socioeconomic levels as well as those with experience with depression will have greater acceptance of medical psychedelics. These finding may have a significant impact on the education and availability of non-conventional psychological treatment while providing a better understanding of how to present controversial medical research. Keywords: Psychedelics, Medicinal Psychedelics, Psilocybin, LSD, Marijuana, Depression, Treatment Resistant Depression, Anxiety, Addiction.", "journal": "Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California)", "publication_date": "2019-04-17", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholar.dominican.edu/scw/SCW2019/conference-presentations-exhibits-and-performances/83", "keywords": "Psychology, Social psychology, Internet privacy, Communication, Computer science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2936920827\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2936920827\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010145318\",\"display_name\":\"McKenna Silva\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196516\",\"source_display_name\":\"Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholar.dominican.edu/scw/SCW2019/conference-presentations-exhibits-and-performances/83\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing,Spirituality,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2936920827" }, { "id": 2336, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted mindfulness training modulates self-consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted mindfulness training modulates self consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects", "authors": "Lukasz Smigielski, Milan Scheidegger, Michael Kometer, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2019-04-05", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009", "pubmed_id": "30965131", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009", "keywords": "Default mode network, Psilocybin, Psychology, Meditation, Mindfulness, Posterior cingulate, Neuroscience, Consciousness, Hallucinogen, Resting state fMRI, Prefrontal cortex, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Cognition, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Theology, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Tryptophan and brain disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2926998013\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":261,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W659016188\",\"https://openalex.org/W774879614\",\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1480101922\",\"https://openalex.org/W1517951919\",\"https://openalex.org/W1804384498\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965420616\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970789124\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973741448\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978010209\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983710739\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985327120\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005022581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006578134\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009823135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023471067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026267776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051129385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062961742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073175305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075446784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082207932\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082714165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090664364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095921032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101070580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107557962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108384452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111613011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113082700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120803928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125823313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130010412\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130912823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135176444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137526583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139632129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140484936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141183879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143661428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147546041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162541816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169787465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173679640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2280429408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297557715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2307885823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320464338\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411697559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2726898022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950564037\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6681614374\",\"https://openalex.org/W6740601532\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082806271\",\"display_name\":\"Lukasz Smigielski\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.009\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2926998013" }, { "id": 3940, "title": "Psychedelics Improve the Mental Health of Rats", "normalized_title": "psychedelics improve the mental health of rats", "authors": "Meghan Hibicke, Alexus N. Landry, Zoe K. Talman, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Introduction Psilocybin has recently demonstrated profound efficacy to alleviate depression and anxiety in several clinical trials and has received Breakthrough Status by the FDA. Symptomatic relief after only one or two therapeutic treatments last for at least several months in the vast majority of individuals. It is unclear whether the persistent antidepressant and anxiolytic effects are a psychological integration of the subject's personal experience while under the influence of the drug, or are a consequence of neurochemical changes induced by psilocybin that correct abnormalities leading to a healthier brain state. To distinguish between these possibilities, we investigated the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of psilocybin in a rat model of treatment resistant depression, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Rats do not, as we currently believe, have a sense of self to reflect upon during a psychedelic experience. Therefore, if the effects are purely psychological, psilocybin should not occasion long lasting therapeutic effects as are seen in humans. Objective To evaluate the long-term effects of psychedelics on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat model of depression. Methods Two experiments were performed in which rats were administered a single bolus dose of saline or treatment in saline vehicle: psilocybin (1 mg/kg), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 0.15 mg/kg), or ketamine (5.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at a volume of 1 mL/kg. Saline (experiment 1, n =8) and repeat measures psilocybin (experiment 1, n =8) groups were evaluated in the Forced Swim Test (FST) weekly for five weeks, and then the Evaluated Plus Maze (EPM) on the sixth week. Interval psilocybin (experiment 1, n =8), saline (experiment 2, n =6), LSD (experiment 2, n =6), and ketamine (experiment 2, n =6) were evaluated in the FST a single time on the fifth week, and then in the EPM on the sixth week. All measures were evaluated with one-way ANOVA using Holm-Sidak post hoc, or with t-test as appropriate. Results Remarkably, we have found that a single treatment with psilocybin produces context-dependent, long lasting antidepressant-like ( p =0.046, p =0.026, and p", "journal": "The FASEB Journal", "publication_date": "2019-03-31", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.666.1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.666.1", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Neurochemical, Anxiety, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Ketamine, Saline, Pharmacology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Anesthesia, Internal medicine, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3175025894\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3175025894\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008298741\",\"display_name\":\"Meghan Hibicke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-9789\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043781819\",\"display_name\":\"Alexus N. Landry\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021748194\",\"display_name\":\"Zoe K. Talman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S25293849\",\"source_display_name\":\"The FASEB Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.666.1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3175025894" }, { "id": 2351, "title": "The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue", "normalized_title": "the past and future of psychedelic science an introduction to this issue", "authors": "Richard Doblin, Merete Bruun Christiansen, Lisa Jerome, Brad Burge", "abstract": "Psychedelic plants and fungi have been used in indigenous medicinal traditions for millennia. Modern psychedelic research began when Albert Hofmann first synthesized lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in 1938. Five years later, became the first person to ingest LSD. Hofmann was unaware of the significance of his actions, and the effects they would set in motion. After a burgeoning period of scientific and cultural exploration in the1950s and '60s, psychedelic research was slowed to a near halt. Throughout the 1970s and '80s governmental interventions severely hampered global psychedelic research, despite evidence of the limited medical risks and therapeutic potential of psychedelics. After decades of persistent education and advocacy, rigorous research employing psychedelics as tools of discovery and healing are abundant today. Studies are taking place in research institutions and in private practice sites supported by non-profit and for-profit organizations, as well as individual investigators. This research includes clinical trials with MDMA-assisted therapy for the treatment of PTSD, alcoholism, and social anxiety, and psilocybin clinical studies for depression and addiction, as well as the ability of psychedelics to catalyze spiritual or mystical experiences and inspire creativity, and into the neuroscientific understanding the effects of psychedelic substances on our nervous system.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2019-03-14", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472", "pubmed_id": "31132970", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Addiction, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Creativity, Psychological intervention, Anxiety, Psychic, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Alternative medicine, Medicine, Social psychology, Serotonin, Receptor, Pathology, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2947995541\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2947995541\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":86,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2070757879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407594647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2914190175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2917218353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2919975207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2921718279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923220681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2923941391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2924129936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2932518772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2938925240\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112440376\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Doblin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108698134\",\"display_name\":\"Merete Bruun Christiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012319228\",\"display_name\":\"Lisa Jerome\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-8750\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038864071\",\"display_name\":\"Brad Burge\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Creativity,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Clinical Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2947995541" }, { "id": 3945, "title": "One Ultimate Journey? AKA the Huxley’s Method: Perspectives of (Ab)Users of Hallucinogens and Entheogens on Having Planned Pre-Mortem Psychedelic Trip", "normalized_title": "one ultimate journey aka the huxley s method perspectives of ab users of hallucinogens and entheogens on having planned pre mortem psychedelic trip", "authors": "Ahmed Al-Imam, Faris Lami", "abstract": "Background: The surface web is a rich source of extensive data on populations of users and misusers of psychoactive substances including substances known as hallucinogens and entheogens. The internet and its social media websites can serve as a database upon which several hypotheses are applicable via thematic analytic and psychoanalytic studies. Materials and Methods: This study will deploy the use of an internet snapshot by inspecting, via thematic analysis, the comments of a population of psychedelic (ab)users existing on the Facebook social platform. The snapshot will dare to answer an existing question in connection with the concept of using psychedelics and entheogens during the moments preceding death. Several demographics will be explored including ethnic-national and socio-cultural parameters to test several hypotheses about the tendencies for having an ultimate pre-mortem psychedelic trip towards the ambiguous afterlife. Results: Most of the psychedelic users recommended the use of DMT for the final journey. Others have suggested tripping on LSD, Psilocybin and Psilocybin mushrooms, NBOMe compounds, and even opiates. Based on inferential models, it seems that tendencies for the pre-mortem trip are not affected by the status of social relations, ethnicity, nationality, age, or sex. However, it appears to be based on the individualistic build-up. Religious affiliations and other cultural norms represent potential confounding variables. Hence, these must be explored in subsequent studies. Conclusion: In the future and to keep in pace with the logarithmic growth and arachnoid expansion of the web and its appendages, ambitious studies has to deploy the use of concepts of automation in data science via the exploitation of principles of machine learning and deep thinking. The aim is to achieve statistical inference in real-time and accurate predictions when it comes to running analytics on big data. If successfully applied, the benefits for the public health should be monumental.", "journal": "Modern Applied Science", "publication_date": "2019-02-12", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.5539/mas.v13n3p13", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n3p13", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Population, The Internet, Social psychology, Sociology, World Wide Web, Hallucinogen, Computer science, Psychiatry, Demography, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2914472600\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2914472600\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W620598799\",\"https://openalex.org/W1483996999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013814152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057632850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058807453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108765305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150514798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334127327\",\"https://openalex.org/W2434465376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536887084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2545386725\",\"https://openalex.org/W2587122765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2748929572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2751509414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2754202022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755058137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755103505\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756000137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756001802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2756057209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761816179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2769088818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2782780465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2783241168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793644559\",\"https://openalex.org/W2908514305\",\"https://openalex.org/W3177584466\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255174128\",\"https://openalex.org/W4392988239\",\"https://openalex.org/W6602747572\",\"https://openalex.org/W6717854132\",\"https://openalex.org/W6729099020\",\"https://openalex.org/W6798499152\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088173235\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmed Al-Imam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-9424\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029599827\",\"display_name\":\"Faris Lami\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3673-3818\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764751271\",\"source_display_name\":\"Modern Applied Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n3p13\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2914472600" }, { "id": 2042, "title": "Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels", "normalized_title": "psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2a receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels", "authors": "M. Madsen, Patrick M. Fisher, Daniel Burmester, Agnete Dyssegaard, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Sara Kristiansen, Sys Stybe Johansen, Sczabolz Lehel, Kristían Línnet, Claus Svarer, David Erritzøe, Brice Ozenne, Gitte M. Knudsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2019-01-25", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1038/s41386-019-0324-9", "pubmed_id": "30685771", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0324-9", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Chemistry, Binding potential, Psychology, Internal medicine, Pharmacology, Positron emission tomography, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2914255920\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":501,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W159676469\",\"https://openalex.org/W1573881046\",\"https://openalex.org/W1862364801\",\"https://openalex.org/W1934926274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1956247770\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978683628\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017307521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026107282\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043279036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064685959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074146160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112278807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117671988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137226568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151210692\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163255052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2272422203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2273847960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430257027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439685582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2543692442\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2773704432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239785504\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057598537\",\"display_name\":\"Agnete Dyssegaard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5107600706\",\"display_name\":\"Sara Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013055423\",\"display_name\":\"Sys Stybe Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-5134\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039762296\",\"display_name\":\"Sczabolz Lehel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078174062\",\"display_name\":\"Kristían Línnet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-5535\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015994033\",\"display_name\":\"Claus Svarer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-1825\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0324-9\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2914255920" }, { "id": 2344, "title": "Effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.", "normalized_title": "effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5 ht2a receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self stimulation in rats", "authors": "Farhana Sakloth, Elizabeth Leggett, Megan J. Moerke, E. Andrew Townsend, Matthew L. Banks, S. Stevens Negus", "abstract": "The prototype 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin are classified as Schedule 1 drugs of abuse by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Accumulating clinical evidence has also suggested that acute or repeated \"microdosing\" with these drugs may have utility for treatment of some mental health disorders, including drug abuse and depression. The goal of the present study was to evaluate LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin effects on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), a procedure that has been used to evaluate abuse-related effects of other classes of abused drugs. Effects of repeated LSD were also examined to evaluate potential changes in its own effects on ICSS or changes in effects produced by the abused psychostimulant methamphetamine or the prodepressant kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist U69,593. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with microelectrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle and trained to respond under a \"frequency-rate\" ICSS procedure, in which many drugs of abuse increase (or \"facilitate\") ICSS. In acute dose-effect and time-course studies, evidence for abuse-related ICSS facilitation was weak and inconsistent; the predominant effect of all 3 drugs was dose- and time-dependent ICSS depression. Repeated LSD treatment failed to alter either its own ICSS depressant effects or the abuse-related effects of methamphetamine; however, repeated LSD did attenuate ICSS depression by U69,593. These results extend those of previous preclinical studies to suggest weak expression of abuse-related effects by 5-HT2A agonist hallucinogens and provide supportive evidence for therapeutic effects of repeated LSD dosing to attenuate KOR-mediated depressant effects but not abuse potential of psychostimulants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).", "journal": "Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2019-01-09", "publication_year": 2019, "doi": "10.1037/pha0000253", "pubmed_id": "30628811", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000253", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Psilocybin, Methamphetamine, Pharmacology, Agonist, Psychotomimetic, Psychology, Medicine, Receptor, Internal medicine, NMDA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2909121609\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2909121609\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":42,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W616530852\",\"https://openalex.org/W1498524645\",\"https://openalex.org/W1576947987\",\"https://openalex.org/W1881562135\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980915383\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988659186\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992909065\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998777715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006665377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017187845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019004642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028308920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029584624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050491551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053865624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054025907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060378115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066088261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068919679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074068837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087484885\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120981694\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141611982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151544333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168851339\",\"https://openalex.org/W2261237812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2271081800\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290466312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290570143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326527053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415855308\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430031122\",\"https://openalex.org/W2493522780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508048853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616082649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616187260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792152168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793853595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2794118706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2806419184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890966665\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001421949\",\"display_name\":\"Farhana Sakloth\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016369234\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Leggett\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016006121\",\"display_name\":\"Megan J. Moerke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-138X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010598215\",\"display_name\":\"E. Andrew Townsend\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3273\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023437507\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew L. Banks\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-5246\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020814543\",\"display_name\":\"S. Stevens Negus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-645X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S357931\",\"source_display_name\":\"Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000253\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2909121609" }, { "id": 3957, "title": "Serotonergic Psychoactive Compounds as a Treatment for Addiction, Anxiety, and Depression: Their Efficacy and Legality", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychoactive compounds as a treatment for addiction anxiety and depression their efficacy and legality", "authors": "William G. Crane", "abstract": "The United States is a leader in world-wide medical innovation, but currently we face an epidemic of mental health disorders. Serotonergic psychoactive compounds such as psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, and LSD are currently being studied as potential treatments to be used in psychiatric medicine. Currently these substances are prohibited and designated to the strictest classification of drugs, Schedule I. Schedule I indicates that a substance should be highly addictive, dangerous, and confer no medical benefit. Because of this scheduling these drugs have been difficult to study and there has been a delay in the advancement of treatments using these compounds for depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. However, those studies that have been performed have so far demonstrated that these compounds can be used safely and, in many cases, may be superior to treatments that are currently available for those suffering. It is time that we end this social stigma and allow for the researchers to find out whether these substances are of beneficial importance to psychiatric medicine so that patients, who currently have no alternative, may be able to receive the help that they so desperately need and deserve.", "journal": "Furman University Scholar Exchange (Furman University)", "publication_date": "2018-12-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholarexchange.furman.edu/furmanengaged/2019/all/522", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Anxiety, Psychiatry, Depression (economics), Psychology, Addiction, Medicine, Principle of legality, Political science, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Law, Economics, Receptor, Macroeconomics, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3005336267\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3005336267\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018220371\",\"display_name\":\"William G. Crane\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196656\",\"source_display_name\":\"Furman University Scholar Exchange (Furman University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholarexchange.furman.edu/furmanengaged/2019/all/522\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3005336267" }, { "id": 3952, "title": "Psilocybin induces aberrant prediction error processing for tactile mismatch responses", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces aberrant prediction error processing for tactile mismatch responses", "authors": "P. Dürler", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-12-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.477", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.477", "keywords": "Baclofen, Psychology, Reinforcement, Reinforcement learning, Addiction, Neuroscience, Agonist, GABAB receptor, Craving, Medicine, Receptor, Internal medicine, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Social psychology, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2912928498\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2912928498\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2180876467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2345771415\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059673219\",\"display_name\":\"P. Dürler\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.477\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2912928498" }, { "id": 3007, "title": "Microcrystal Tests for the Identification of Illicit Drugs: Phencyclidine, Pseudoephedrine, and Psilocin", "normalized_title": "microcrystal tests for the identification of illicit drugs phencyclidine pseudoephedrine and psilocin", "authors": "Kelly M. Brinsko, Dean Golemis, Meggan B. King, Gary J. Laughlin, Sebastian B. Sparenga", "abstract": "The Microscope is publishing monographs from McCrone Research Institute’s A Modern Compendium of Microcrystal Tests for Illicit Drugs and Diverted Pharmaceuticals (4th revision: September 13, 2021), which contains 19 different drugs and their microcrystal test reagents. This issue includes the final installment of monographs, with the following drugs/reagents: • phencyclidine (PCP)/potassium permanganate• phencyclidine (PCP)/ammonium thiocyanate• pseudoephedrine/dilituric acid• pseudoephedrine/gold chloride• psilocin/trinitrobenzoic acid The previous set of monographs were published in issue 66:4 (2018): oxycodone with platinum bromide, oxycodone with potassium triiodide (Clarke’s I-KI, No. 1), and oxycodone with sodium carbonate.", "journal": "The Microscope", "publication_date": "2018-12-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.59082/tnwk8166", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.59082/tnwk8166", "keywords": "Pseudoephedrine, Phencyclidine, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Designer drug, Identification (biology), Illicit drug, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Ephedrine, Medicine, Drug, Botany, Biochemistry, Receptor, Biology, NMDA receptor, Chromatography in Natural Products, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies, Molecular spectroscopy and chirality", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-02 20:42:13", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408212909\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4408212909\",\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056084564\",\"display_name\":\"Kelly M. Brinsko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7146-7783\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042975870\",\"display_name\":\"Dean Golemis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4924-1003\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018412381\",\"display_name\":\"Meggan B. King\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3572-5970\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049880140\",\"display_name\":\"Gary J. Laughlin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2142-3419\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090250597\",\"display_name\":\"Sebastian B. Sparenga\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0967-0094\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4387287868\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Microscope\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.59082/tnwk8166\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Metabolomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408212909" }, { "id": 2367, "title": "Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions.", "normalized_title": "pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of peyote and mescaline clinical and forensic repercussions", "authors": "Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Pereira CL, da Silva DD.", "abstract": "BackgroundMescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), mainly found in the Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), is one of the oldest known hallucinogenic agents that influence human and animal behavior, but its psychoactive mechanisms remain poorly understood.ObjectivesThis article aims to fully review pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mescaline, focusing on the in vivo and in vitro metabolic profile of the drug and its implications for the variability of response.MethodsMescaline pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects were searched in books and in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) without a limiting period. Biological effects of other compounds found in peyote were also reviewed.ResultsAlthough its illicit administration is less common, in comparison with cocaine and Cannabis, it has been extensively described in adolescents and young adults, and licit consumption often occurs in religious and therapeutic rituals practiced by the Native American Church. Its pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action are primarily attributed to the interaction with the serotonergic 5-HT2A-C receptors, and therefore clinical effects are similar to those elicited by other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, which include euphoria, hallucinations, depersonalization and psychoses. Moreover, as a phenethylamine derivative, signs and symptoms are consistent with a sympathomimetic effect. Mescaline is mainly metabolized into trimethoxyphenylacetic acid by oxidative deamination but several minor metabolites with possible clinical and forensic repercussions have also been reported.ConclusionMost reports concerning mescaline were presented in a complete absence of exposure confirmation, since toxicological analysis is not widely available. Addiction and dependence are practically absent and it is clear that most intoxications appear to be mild and are unlikely to produce lifethreatening symptoms, which favors the contemporary interest in the therapeutic potential of the drugs of the class.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-12-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.2174/1874467211666181010154139", "pubmed_id": "30318013", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1874467211666181010154139", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Cactaceae, Mescaline, Hallucinogens, Forensic Medicine, Tissue Distribution, Intestinal Absorption", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30318013\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,In Vitro Study,Adolescents,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2350, "title": "Psychedelics as a treatment for disorders of consciousness", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as a treatment for disorders of consciousness", "authors": "Gregory Scott, Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, a seemingly reliable index of conscious level, we propose testing the capacity of the classic psychedelic, psilocybin, to increase conscious awareness in patients with disorders of consciousness. We also confront the considerable ethical and practical challenges this proposal must address, if this hypothesis is to be directly assessed.", "journal": "Neuroscience of Consciousness", "publication_date": "2018-12-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1093/nc/niz003", "pubmed_id": "31024740", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niz003", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Persistent vegetative state, Consciousness, Psychology, Level of consciousness, Cognitive psychology, Consciousness Disorders, Psychotherapist, Minimally conscious state, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2938595859\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2938595859\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":72,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1586767291\",\"https://openalex.org/W1882482010\",\"https://openalex.org/W1957794009\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970545979\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971459727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977566237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990782515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000092927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010285514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020394309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026125521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038479149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046583613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065645529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086021750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090414491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093122121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093159894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095845810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102033847\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102204212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106629207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113357974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125943886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127501699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131536379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136173324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140172277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140312669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147446199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152497784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162623055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167120346\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170166219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276857175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2322676109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336630210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2394834952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2416925645\",\"https://openalex.org/W2492489237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2544671332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581533121\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607404083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2626515687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738159159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2749034325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2758614772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762525449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2765392035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2793484468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808301300\",\"https://openalex.org/W2808867953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2811113323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2889959197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2890546591\",\"https://openalex.org/W2892307734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2962965717\",\"https://openalex.org/W3002145052\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021145540\",\"https://openalex.org/W3034081432\",\"https://openalex.org/W3100708443\",\"https://openalex.org/W3105012889\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231960321\",\"https://openalex.org/W6676158796\",\"https://openalex.org/W6681260255\",\"https://openalex.org/W6684739828\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029886401\",\"display_name\":\"Gregory Scott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-5871\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2735251646\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuroscience of Consciousness\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niz003\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2938595859" }, { "id": 2043, "title": "Psilocybin occupancy of brain serotonin 2A receptors correlates with psilocin levels and subjective experience: a [11C]Cimbi-36 PET study in humans", "normalized_title": "psilocybin occupancy of brain serotonin 2a receptors correlates with psilocin levels and subjective experience a 11c cimbi 36 pet study in humans", "authors": "M. Madsen, Daniel Burmester, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk, Søren Kristiansen, Agnete Dyssegaard, Szabolcs Lehel, Kristían Línnet, Sys Stybe Johansen, Claus Svarer, Brice Ozenne, David Erritzøe, Patrick M. Fisher, Gitte M. Knudsen", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-12-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.474", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.474", "keywords": "Visual analogue scale, Medicine, Recall, Analysis of variance, Orthopedic surgery, Anesthesia, Physical therapy, Surgery, Psychology, Internal medicine, Cognitive psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2913453568\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2913453568\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1981968329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000203733\",\"display_name\":\"M. Madsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1844\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038013112\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Burmester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-4269\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004791170\",\"display_name\":\"Dea Siggaard Stenbæk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4637\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075305785\",\"display_name\":\"Søren Kristiansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-5363\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057598537\",\"display_name\":\"Agnete Dyssegaard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086881197\",\"display_name\":\"Szabolcs Lehel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-6980\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078174062\",\"display_name\":\"Kristían Línnet\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-5535\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013055423\",\"display_name\":\"Sys Stybe Johansen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-5134\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015994033\",\"display_name\":\"Claus Svarer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7811-1825\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021739634\",\"display_name\":\"Brice Ozenne\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-2956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021085020\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick M. Fisher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0611\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015895924\",\"display_name\":\"Gitte M. Knudsen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-6866\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.474\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2913453568" }, { "id": 2347, "title": "Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function.", "normalized_title": "classic psychedelics an integrative review of epidemiology therapeutics mystical experience and brain network function", "authors": "Johnson MW, Hendricks PS, Barrett FS, Griffiths RR.", "abstract": "The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review and offer novel insights regarding human research with classic psychedelics (classic hallucinogens), which are serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin. Classic psychedelics have been administered as sacraments since ancient times. They were of prominent interest within psychiatry and neuroscience in the 1950s to 1960s, and during this time contributed to the emergence of the field of molecular neuroscience. Promising results were reported for treatment of both end-of-life psychological distress and addiction, and classic psychedelics served as tools for studying the neurobiological bases of psychological disorders. Moreover, classic psychedelics were shown to occasion mystical experiences, which are subjective experiences reported throughout different cultures and religions involving a strong sense of unity, among other characteristics. However, the recreational use of classic psychedelics and their association with the counterculture prompted an end to human research with classic psychedelics in the early 1970s. We provide the most comprehensive review of epidemiological studies of classic psychedelics to date. Notable among these are a number of studies that have suggested the possibility that nonmedical naturalistic (non-laboratory) use of classic psychedelics is associated with positive mental health and prosocial outcomes, although it is clear that some individuals are harmed by classic psychedelics in non-supervised settings. We then review recent therapeutic studies suggesting efficacy in treating psychological distress associated with life-threatening diseases, treating depression, and treating nicotine and alcohol addictions. We also describe the construct of mystical experience, and provide a comprehensive review of modern studies investigating classic psychedelic-occasioned mystical experiences and their consequences. These studies have shown classic psychedelics to fairly reliably occasion mystical experiences. Moreover, classic-psychedelic-occasioned mystical experiences are associated with improved psychological outcomes in both healthy volunteer and patient populations. Finally, we review neuroimaging studies that suggest neurobiological mechanisms of classic psychedelics. These studies have also broadened our understanding of the brain, the serotonin system, and the neurobiological basis of consciousness. Overall, these various lines of research suggest that classic psychedelics might hold strong potential as therapeutics, and as tools for experimentally investigating mystical experiences and behavioral-brain function more generally.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-12-03", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010", "pubmed_id": "30521880", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Mysticism, Epidemiological Monitoring", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30521880\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Mystical Experience,Review Article,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2380, "title": "DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ibogaine.", "normalized_title": "dark classics in chemical neuroscience ibogaine", "authors": "Wasko MJ, Witt-Enderby PA, Surratt CK.", "abstract": "The West African iboga plant has been used for centuries by the Bwiti and Mbiri tribes to induce hallucinations during religious ceremonies. Ibogaine, the principal alkaloid responsible for iboga's psychedelic properties, was isolated and sold as an antidepressant in France for decades before its adverse effects precipitated its removal from the market. An ibogaine resurgence in the 1960s was driven by U.S. heroin addicts who claimed that ibogaine cured their opiate addictions. Behavioral pharmacologic studies in animal models provided evidence that ibogaine could blunt self-administration of not only opiates but cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine. Ibogaine displays moderate-to-weak affinities for a wide spectrum of receptor and transporter proteins; recent work suggests that its actions at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes may underlie its reputed antiopiate effects. At micromolar levels, ibogaine is neurotoxic and cardiotoxic and has been linked to several deaths by cardiac arrest. Structure-activity studies led to the isolation of the ibogaine analog 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), an α3β4 nicotinic receptor modulator that retains ibogaine's anticraving properties with few or no adverse effects. Clinical trials of 18-MC treatment of nicotine addiction are pending. Ibogaine analogs may also hold promise for treating anxiety and depression via the \"psychedelic-assisted therapy\" approach that employs hallucinogens including psilocybin and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (\"ecstasy\").", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-10-08", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00294", "pubmed_id": "30216039", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00294", "keywords": "Humans, Tabernaemontana, Substance-Related Disorders, Ibogaine, Receptors, Nicotinic, Hallucinogens, Structure-Activity Relationship, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Cardiotoxicity", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30216039\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5155, "title": "The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training", "normalized_title": "the influence of therapists first hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training", "authors": "Elizabeth M. Nielson, Jeffrey Guss", "abstract": "Clinical research on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is rapidly advancing in the USA, with two drugs, psilocybin and MDMA, progressing through a structure of FDA-approved trials on a trajectory toward Drug Enforcement Agency rescheduling for therapeutic use. Researcher's and clinician's personal use of psychedelics was cited as a potential confound in psychedelic research studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, a concern which contributed to the cessation of this research for some 20 years. Currently, there is no empirical research on personal use of psychedelics by current academic researchers and clinicians; its influence is undocumented, unknown, and undertheorized. This paper explores the history of personal use of psychedelics by clinicians and researchers, the potential impact of personal use on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and research, and the rationale for opening an academic discussion and program of research to investigate the role of personal use. We propose that there are factors unique to psychedelic-assisted therapy such that training for it cannot neatly fit into the framework of modern psychopharmacology training, nor be fully analogous to psychotherapy training in contemporary psychological and psychiatric settings. We argue that scientific exploration of the influence of therapists' first-hand experience of psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted therapy outcomes is feasible, timely, and necessary for the future of clinical research.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Studies", "publication_date": "2018-10-04", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1556/2054.2018.009", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2018.009", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Sense of agency, Empirical research, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Social psychology, Epistemology, Philosophy, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:01", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2895740693\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2895740693\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":104,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W75914508\",\"https://openalex.org/W99340206\",\"https://openalex.org/W642459522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1537216698\",\"https://openalex.org/W1600260130\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969652860\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988550393\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989340345\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998098462\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020266843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041885790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051566888\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071088516\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073169910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089098241\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124126925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140670643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143350277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157456383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171603114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172355642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312675623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408179223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2416282560\",\"https://openalex.org/W2469131708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2490107109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506913868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2552814605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943654841\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230522085\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232299546\",\"https://openalex.org/W4235661044\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240646199\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242766622\",\"https://openalex.org/W6604089044\",\"https://openalex.org/W6678282539\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714359016\",\"https://openalex.org/W6719790255\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087298757\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth M. Nielson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-4558\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026405762\",\"display_name\":\"Jeffrey Guss\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226251\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Studies\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1556/2054.2018.009\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2895740693" }, { "id": 2372, "title": "The neuropharmacology of sleep paralysis hallucinations: serotonin 2A activation and a novel therapeutic drug.", "normalized_title": "the neuropharmacology of sleep paralysis hallucinations serotonin 2a activation and a novel therapeutic drug", "authors": "Jalal B.", "abstract": "Sleep paralysis is a state of involuntary immobility occurring at sleep onset or offset, often accompanied by uncanny \"ghost-like\" hallucinations and extreme fear reactions. I provide here a neuropharmacological account for these hallucinatory experiences by evoking the role of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Research has shown that 5-HT2AR activation can induce visual hallucinations, \"mystical\" subjective states, and out-of-body experiences (OBEs), and modulate fear circuits. Hallucinatory experiences triggered by serotonin-serotonergic (\"pseudo\") hallucinations, induced by hallucinogenic drugs-tend to be \"dream-like\" with the experiencer having insight (\"meta-awareness\") that he is hallucinating, unlike dopaminergic (\"psychotic\" and \"life-like\") hallucinations where such insight is lost. Indeed, hallucinatory experiences during sleep paralysis have the classic features of serotonergic hallucinations, and are strikingly similar to perceptual and subjective states induced by hallucinogenic drugs (e.g., lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD] and psilocybin), i.e., they entail visual hallucinations, mystical experiences, OBEs, and extreme fear reactions. I propose a possible mechanism whereby serotonin could be functionally implicated in generating sleep paralysis hallucinations and fear reactions through 5-HT2AR activity. Moreover, I speculate on the role of 5-HT2C receptors vis-à-vis anxiety and panic during sleep paralysis, and the orbitofrontal cortex-rich with 5-HT2A receptors-in influencing visual pathways during sleep paralysis, and, in effect, hallucinations. Finally, I propose, for the first time, a drug to target sleep paralysis hallucinations and fear reactions, namely the selective 5-HT2AR inverse agonist, pimavanserin. This account implicates gene HTR2A on chromosome 13q as the underlying cause of sleep paralysis hallucinations and could be explored using positron emission tomography.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-10-04", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-018-5042-1", "pubmed_id": "30288594", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5042-1", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinations, Sleep Paralysis, Dopamine, Serotonin, Urea, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Piperidines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Sleep, Neuropharmacology, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30288594\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5156, "title": "1.13 Microdosing of Hallucinogens Among College Students: Frequency, Correlates, and Consequences", "normalized_title": "1 13 microdosing of hallucinogens among college students frequency correlates and consequences", "authors": "Nicole Fossos-Wong, Ha-Yoon Lee, Kathryn B. Vincent, Devon Alisa Abdallah, Krista S. Dashtestani, M. Dolores Cimini, Karen L. Sokolowski, Geetha Subramaniam, Irene M. Geisner", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2018-09-30", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.029", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.029", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Mood, Cognition, Psychiatry, Developmental psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Social Media in Health Education, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:01", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:01", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2897634901\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2897634901\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005771799\",\"display_name\":\"Nicole Fossos-Wong\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-2546\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045342343\",\"display_name\":\"Ha-Yoon Lee\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057808524\",\"display_name\":\"Kathryn B. Vincent\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6693-244X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061881823\",\"display_name\":\"Devon Alisa Abdallah\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-9892\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072410464\",\"display_name\":\"Krista S. Dashtestani\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075331415\",\"display_name\":\"M. Dolores Cimini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-2327\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046357363\",\"display_name\":\"Karen L. Sokolowski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075470455\",\"display_name\":\"Geetha Subramaniam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-6166\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002406585\",\"display_name\":\"Irene M. Geisner\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S60711021\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.029\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2897634901" }, { "id": 2434, "title": "Advances and challenges in neuroimaging studies on the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens: Contributions of the resting brain.", "normalized_title": "advances and challenges in neuroimaging studies on the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens contributions of the resting brain", "authors": "Müller F, Liechti ME, Lang UE, Borgwardt S.", "abstract": "The effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the human brain have been studied since the earliest days of neuroimaging in the 1990s. However, approaches are often hard to compare and results are heterogeneous. In this chapter, we summarize studies investigating the effects of hallucinogens on the resting brain, with a special emphasis on replicability and limitations. In previous studies, similarities were observed between psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca, with respect to decreases in cerebral blood flow and increases in global functional connectivity in the precuneus and thalamus. Additionally, LSD consistently decreased functional connectivity within distinct resting state networks. Little convergence was observed for connectivity between networks and for blood flow in other brain regions. Although these studies are limited by small sample sizes and might be biased by unspecific drug effects on physiological parameters and the vascular system, current results indicate that neuroimaging could be a useful tool to elucidate the neuronal correlates of hallucinogenic effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-09-27", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.004", "pubmed_id": "30471679", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.004", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Rest, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30471679\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5157, "title": "Serotonin, psychedelics and psychiatry", "normalized_title": "serotonin psychedelics and psychiatry", "authors": "Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "Serotonin is a key neuromodulator known to be involved in brain development, perception, cognition, and mood. However, unlike as with dopamine for example, a compelling unified theory of brain serotonin function has not yet been established. This is likely due to the exceptional complexity of the serotonin system, with its 14+ receptors, over twice the number identified for any of the other major neuromodulator systems1. Serotonin has been implicated in several major psychiatric disorders, and most obviously in depression. Chronic medication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remains the dominant treatment for unipolar depression, and SSRI prescription rates have been increasing year-on-year at record levels. Such widespread SSRI use has not noticeably impacted on depression prevalence, however, and questions continue to be asked about the safety, efficacy and general philosophy of chronic pharmacotherapy. Historically, psychiatry has been a divided house, with the psychodynamic model dominating the first half of the 20th century, and the biomedical model ever since. It is natural for early perspectives within nascent disciplines to overshoot in confidence before maturing and moderating over time. Such has been the case with psychodynamic psychology for example, and there are reasons to suspect that something similar may be happening in relation to the pharmacological model. This subtle shift in perspective is especially evident in contemporary serotonin and depression research. Until recently, it was not unusual to hear patients, doctors and even psychiatrists speak with presumed authority about how deficient serotonin functioning is causal of depression, offering solace in the view that “serotonin is to blame”. As with genetic determinism, one should be mindful of the emotional function of such explanations - especially in psychiatry, the most personal of medical disciplines. So what is the relationship between serotonin and depression? A fair (but unsatisfactory) answer to this question is that “it is complex”. Not wishing to sit on the fence, however, a more constructive statement is that there is increasing evidence that serotonergic processes play a critical role in mediating an individual's sensitivity to context2. For example, within the last decade, seminal work has been done to demonstrate how genetic variation within3 and pharmacological manipulations of4 the serotonergic system interact significantly with environmental factors to determine outcomes in mental health. The natural implication is that the pure pharmacological model can explain only part of the mental health picture. What, then, is the alternative? By implication, we should be looking for a hybrid model, a middle-way, that combines the precision, potency and cost-effectiveness of biomedicine with the depth of insight and roundedness of psychology. There is already evidence that SSRIs, in combination with evidence-based psychotherapies, offer (marginally) superior efficacy over either treatment alone5 - but should our search stop here? In 1975, the Czech psychiatrist S. Grof compared the potential impact of psychedelic drugs on psychiatry to that of the microscope on biology and, while this analogy may strike some as laughable, let us reflect for a moment that human research with psychedelics has been effectively moribund since the restrictive drug policy reforms of the 1960s-70s, and has only recently been revived6. Classic serotonergic psychedelics - such as LSD, psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine - all possess agonist properties at the 5-HT2A receptor subtype, and 5-HT2A receptor agonism is known to be the pharmacological trigger of the “psychedelic experience”1. Crucially, there is also a wealth of evidence to implicate 5-HT2A receptor signaling in processes of plasticity, such as neurogenesis, neurodevelopment, learning, extinction learning, cognitive flexibility and enhanced environmental sensitivity1. Added to this, the subjective quality of a psychedelic experience is highly susceptible to contextual influence, for example from the environment in which it occurs as well as from the expectations of the “tripper” and those around him or her2. Moreover, the quality of an acute psychedelic experience appears to be a highly reliable predictor of subsequent long-term mental health outcomes7. Another predictor of long-term psychological outcomes is the degree of increase in the complexity or “entropy” of brain activity recorded during the psychedelic experience, and this brain effect is hypothesized to be relatively unique to psychedelics, and key to an understanding of their exceptional phenomenology and therapeutic potential8. Within the last 12 years, a growing body of evidence, albeit from mostly small scale pilot studies, has suggested that psychedelics, combined with contextual manipulation (such as music listening and psychological support), can offer a safe and effective treatment for a range of different psychiatric disorders6. Where successful, the treatment effect appears to be rapid and enduring. Moreover, promising outcomes have not just been seen in depression, but in addiction and other disorders as well6. That just one or two treatment sessions can yield therapeutic effects lasting for several months is unprecedented in modern psychiatry. Of course, incredible claims require credible evidence but, with large randomized controlled trials beginning with psilocybin for depression9, the required roads are being laid. A simple and plausible model of therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelic treatments would greatly complement this ongoing clinical work. The thesis is put forward here that serotonin differentially encodes behavioral and physiological responses to uncertainty1, 10. More specifically, it is proposed that the limbic-rich inhibitory postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor subtype provides basal control during normal conditions, via moderating emotion and anxiety, and promoting a generalized patience. On the other hand, the cortically-rich 5-HT2A receptor subtype is hypothesized to engage more during conditions of crisis, when the above-mentioned default mechanism becomes suboptimal, e.g. when an individual's internal and/or external milieu becomes so changeable and/or inconsistent with his/her prior beliefs and behaviors that significant revisions become mandated1. Viewed through a Bayesian lens, it is proposed that the principal functional effect of 5-HT2A receptor stimulation is to relax prior assumptions or beliefs, held at multiple levels of the brain's functional hierarchy: perceptually, emotionally, cognitively and philosophically (e.g., in terms of biases). In so doing, it opens a door to heightened sensitivity to context2, an ideal pre-condition for effective change.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2018-09-06", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1002/wps.20555", "pubmed_id": "30192100", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20555", "keywords": "Neuropsychopharmacology, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Mood, Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:01", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2891343109\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2891343109\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":49,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2100230238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146409144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2179182088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2434010258\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753654430\",\"https://openalex.org/W2788854095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2792444257\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S183644930\",\"source_display_name\":\"World Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20555\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Randomized Controlled Trial,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2891343109" }, { "id": 2388, "title": "Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics meditation and self consciousness", "authors": "Millière R, Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Trautwein FM, Berkovich-Ohana A.", "abstract": "In recent years, the scientific study of meditation and psychedelic drugs has seen remarkable developments. The increased focus on meditation in cognitive neuroscience has led to a cross-cultural classification of standard meditation styles validated by functional and structural neuroanatomical data. Meanwhile, the renaissance of psychedelic research has shed light on the neurophysiology of altered states of consciousness induced by classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, whose effects are mainly mediated by agonism of serotonin receptors. Few attempts have been made at bridging these two domains of inquiry, despite intriguing evidence of overlap between the phenomenology and neurophysiology of meditation practice and psychedelic states. In particular, many contemplative traditions explicitly aim at dissolving the sense of self by eliciting altered states of consciousness through meditation, while classical psychedelics are known to produce significant disruptions of self-consciousness, a phenomenon known as drug-induced ego dissolution. In this article, we discuss available evidence regarding convergences and differences between phenomenological and neurophysiological data on meditation practice and psychedelic drug-induced states, with a particular emphasis on alterations of self-experience. While both meditation and psychedelics may disrupt self-consciousness and underlying neural processes, we emphasize that neither meditation nor psychedelic states can be conceived as simple, uniform categories. Moreover, we suggest that there are important phenomenological differences even between conscious states described as experiences of self-loss. As a result, we propose that self-consciousness may be best construed as a multidimensional construct, and that \"self-loss,\" far from being an unequivocal phenomenon, can take several forms. Indeed, various aspects of self-consciousness, including narrative aspects linked to autobiographical memory, self-related thoughts and mental time travel, and embodied aspects rooted in multisensory processes, may be differently affected by psychedelics and meditation practices. Finally, we consider long-term outcomes of experiences of self-loss induced by meditation and psychedelics on individual traits and prosocial behavior. We call for caution regarding the problematic conflation of temporary states of self-loss with \"selflessness\" as a behavioral or social trait, although there is preliminary evidence that correlations between short-term experiences of self-loss and long-term trait alterations may exist.", "journal": "Frontiers in Psychology", "publication_date": "2018-09-03", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475", "pubmed_id": "30245648", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:39", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30245648\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Millière\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-6073\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049607708\",\"display_name\":\"Fynn-Mathis Trautwein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-0193\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012998089\",\"display_name\":\"Aviva Berkovich-Ohana\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-0168\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9692511\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2892061340" }, { "id": 2044, "title": "Psilocin and ketamine microdosing: effects of subchronic intermittent microdoses in the elevated plus-maze in male Wistar rats.", "normalized_title": "psilocin and ketamine microdosing effects of subchronic intermittent microdoses in the elevated plus maze in male wistar rats", "authors": "Horsley RR, Páleníček T, Kolin J, Valeš K.", "abstract": "Short-term moderate doses of serotonergic and dissociative hallucinogens can be useful in the treatment of anxiety. Recently, a trend has developed for long-term intermittent 'microdosing' (usually one-tenth of a 'full' active dose), with reports of long-lasting relief from anxiety and related disorders; however, there is no scientific evidence for the efficacy of therapeutic microdosing nor to show its lasting effects. The objective of this study was to test for lasting effects on anxiety in rats after microdosing with ketamine or psilocin. Over 6 days, Wistar rats (N=40) were administered ketamine (0.5 or 3 mg/kg), psilocin (0.05 or 0.075 mg/kg), or saline on three occasions. A5-min elevated plus-maze test was conducted 48 h after the final drug treatment (n=8). Dependent variables were entries (frequency), spent time (%), and distance traveled (cm) in each zone, as well as total frequency of rears, stretch-attend postures, and head dips. Statistical analyses of drug effects used separate independent one-way analysis of variance and pair-wise comparisons using independent t-tests. Statistical effects were modest or borderline and were most consistent with a mildly anxiogenic profile, which was significant at lower doses; however, this conclusion remains tentative. The lower doses of ketamine and psilocin produced comparable effects (to one another) across each variable, as did the higher doses. This pattern of effects may suggest a common (e.g. neurotransmitter/receptor) mechanism. We conclude that microdosing with hallucinogens for therapeutic purposes might be counter-productive; however, more research is needed to confirm our findings and to establish their translational relevance to clinical 'psychedelic' therapy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-08-31", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1097/fbp.0000000000000394", "pubmed_id": "29537989", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000394", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Ketamine, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Maze Learning, Locomotion, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29537989\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Microdosing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2793853595" }, { "id": 2433, "title": "d-Lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and other classic hallucinogens: Mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications in mood disorders.", "normalized_title": "d lysergic acid diethylamide psilocybin and other classic hallucinogens mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications in mood disorders", "authors": "De Gregorio D, Enns JP, Nuñez NA, Posa L, Gobbi G.", "abstract": "Depression and anxiety are psychiatric diagnoses commonly associated with low quality of life and low percentage of responsiveness by patients treated with currently available drugs. Thus, research into alternative compounds to treat these disorders is essential to guarantee a patient's remission. The last decade has witnessed a revamped interest for the application of psychedelic medicine for the treatment of mental disorders due to anecdotal reports and clinical studies which show that low doses of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin may have antidepressant effects. LSD and psilocybin have demonstrated mood-modulating properties likely due to their capacity to modulate serotonergic (5-HT), dopaminergic (DA) and glutamatergic systems. LSD, belonging to the category of \"classic halluginogens,\" interacts with the 5-HT system through 5HT1A, and 5HT2A receptors, with the DA system through D2 receptors, and indirectly also the glutamatergic neurotransmission thought the recruitment of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Randomized clinical studies have confirmed its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in humans. Thus, in this chapter, we will review the pharmacology of psychedelic drugs, report the most striking clinical evidence which substantiate the therapeutic potentials of these fascinating compounds in mood disorders, and look into the horizon of where psychedelic medicine is heading.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-08-30", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.008", "pubmed_id": "30471683", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.008", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Mood Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30471683\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2389, "title": "Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews.", "normalized_title": "efficacy tolerability and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood anxiety and substance use disorders a systematic review of systematic reviews", "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Bouso JC, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Hallak JEC.", "abstract": "IntroductionMood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the population. Although several pharmacological treatments are available, they are not effective for a significant proportion of patients and are associated with several adverse reactions. Therefore, new treatments should be explored. Recent studies suggest that serotonergic hallucinogens/psychedelics including ayahuasca, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have anxiolytic, antidepressive, and antiaddictive effects. Areas Covered: A systematic review of systematic reviews assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of serotonergic hallucinogens/psychedelic was performed using the PubMed data base until 11 April 2018. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were analyzed, but only reviews that described at least one randomized controlled trial (RCT) were included. Expert Commentary: Psilocybin and LSD reduced anxiety and depression in cancer patients and symptoms of alcohol and tobacco dependence, and ayahuasca reduced depression symptoms in treatment-resistant depression. Although the results are promising, several studies were open label, and only few were RCTs, and most had small sample sizes and a short duration. Single or few doses of these drugs seem to be well tolerated, but long-term studies are lacking. New RCTs with bigger samples and longer duration are needed to replicate these findings.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-08-22", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1080/17512433.2018.1511424", "pubmed_id": "30102078", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2018.1511424", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Substance-Related Disorders, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30102078\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Meta-Analysis,Systematic Review,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2395, "title": "Psychedelics as anti-inflammatory agents.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as anti inflammatory agents", "authors": "Flanagan TW, Nichols CD.", "abstract": "Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)2A receptor agonists have recently emerged as promising new treatment options for a variety of disorders. The recent success of these agonists, also known as psychedelics, like psilocybin for the treatment of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and addiction, has ushered in a renaissance in the way these compounds are perceived in the medical community and populace at large. One emerging therapeutic area that holds significant promise is their use as anti-inflammatory agents. Activation of 5-HT2A receptors produces potent anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of human inflammatory disorders at sub-behavioural levels. This review discusses the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in the inflammatory response, as well as highlight studies using the 5-HT2A agonist (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI] to treat inflammation in cellular and animal models. It also examines potential mechanisms by which 5-HT2A agonists produce their therapeutic effects. Overall, psychedelics regulate inflammatory pathways via novel mechanisms, and may represent a new and exciting treatment strategy for several inflammatory disorders.", "journal": "International Review of Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2018-08-12", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827", "pubmed_id": "30102081", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Amphetamines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Behavior, Animal, Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30102081\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2886249511\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":261,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W113943150\",\"https://openalex.org/W282097497\",\"https://openalex.org/W1483881410\",\"https://openalex.org/W1498061816\",\"https://openalex.org/W1533266221\",\"https://openalex.org/W1635746382\",\"https://openalex.org/W1643307304\",\"https://openalex.org/W1821528780\",\"https://openalex.org/W1836548413\",\"https://openalex.org/W1846163860\",\"https://openalex.org/W1922605075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1928870799\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965303778\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968682237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969347973\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971618488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975022088\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978142623\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978663882\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980126241\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981652415\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981945027\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983045415\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983263255\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983633220\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983814298\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984266898\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985972305\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988597558\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990141563\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991029061\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992080822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992360391\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993226714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993608941\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994232747\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995089537\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995284842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998274141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000655486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002131365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004428166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005405042\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009231298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009987865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011312787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013576699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014964627\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015376899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015442311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015543304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016516315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017103866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022061759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026418899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026444780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026612602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028503965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028798936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029819292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031084334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032409964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038479423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038940414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039836319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040535648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041442022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043788707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044595141\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704857\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045076787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047622007\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048213004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050216216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051692635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059428590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075764782\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076423355\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080308963\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084925375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087055962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088684629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091528520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092110894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094189191\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095329894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096428863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097086441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099722677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100795125\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105352615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109014958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114587449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116531862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117575931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121161301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121473111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123815872\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124073673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126146844\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131131671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134254908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137404075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138325877\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144702807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146578632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148652399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149963584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153853866\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155578222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159358298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160203886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161826873\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168779696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170931676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171912603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2174034699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2304131176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2315561580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341757648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398117252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408463391\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410331571\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413925195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2469169783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2476234894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2514363696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2728001011\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738971267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741191097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2746558379\",\"https://openalex.org/W2755283369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757917284\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766726816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767530231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798640434\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242520976\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254570903\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254982405\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255564469\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062641633\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas W. Flanagan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136737876\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Review of Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2886249511" }, { "id": 2394, "title": "Therapeutic use of classic psychedelics to treat cancer-related psychiatric distress.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic use of classic psychedelics to treat cancer related psychiatric distress", "authors": "Ross S.", "abstract": "Cancer is highly prevalent and one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Psychological and existential suffering is common in cancer patients, associated with poor psychiatric and medical outcomes. Promising early-phase clinical research (1960s to early 1970s) suggested a therapeutic signal for serotoninergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin, LSD) in treating cancer-related psychiatric distress. After several decades of quiescence, research on psychedelic-assisted therapy to treat psychiatric disorders in cancer patients has resumed within the last 2 decades in the US and Europe. This review article is based on a systematic search of clinical trials from 1960-2018 researching the therapeutic use of psychedelic treatment in patients with serious or terminal illnesses and related psychiatric illness. The search found 10 eligible clinical trials, with a total of 445 participants, with the vast majority of the patients having advanced or terminal cancer diagnoses. Six open label trials, published between 1964 and 1980 (n = 341), suggested that psychedelic therapy (mostly with LSD) may improve cancer-related depression, anxiety, and fear of death. Four RCTs trials were published between 2011 and 2016 (n = 104), mostly with psilocybin treatment (n = 92), and demonstrated that psychedelic-assisted treatment can produce rapid, robust, and sustained improvements in cancer-related psychological and existential distress.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-08-12", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1080/09540261.2018.1482261", "pubmed_id": "30102082", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1482261", "keywords": "Humans, Neoplasms, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Depression, Stress, Psychological, Anxiety, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30102082\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2386, "title": "Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: effects on cognition.", "normalized_title": "double blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan effects on cognition", "authors": "Barrett FS, Carbonaro TM, Hurwitz E, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR.", "abstract": "ObjectivesClassic psychedelics (serotonin 2A receptor agonists) and dissociative hallucinogens (NMDA receptor antagonists), though differing in pharmacology, may share neuropsychological effects. These drugs, however, have undergone limited direct comparison. This report presents data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled within-subjects study comparing the neuropsychological effects of multiple doses of the classic psychedelic psilocybin with the effects of a single high dose of the dissociative hallucinogen dextromethorphan (DXM).MethodsTwenty hallucinogen users (11 females) completed neurocognitive assessments during five blinded drug administration sessions (10, 20, and 30 mg/70 kg psilocybin; 400 mg/70 kg DXM; and placebo) in which participants and study staff were informed that a large range of possible drug conditions may have been administered.ResultsGlobal cognitive impairment, assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination during peak drug effects, was not observed with psilocybin or DXM. Orderly and dose-dependent effects of psilocybin were observed on psychomotor performance, working memory, episodic memory, associative learning, and visual perception. Effects of DXM on psychomotor performance, visual perception, and associative learning were in the range of effects of a moderate to high dose (20 to 30 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin.ConclusionsThis was the first study of the dose effects of psilocybin on a large battery of neurocognitive assessments. Evidence of delirium or global cognitive impairment was not observed with either psilocybin or DXM. Psilocybin had greater effects than DXM on working memory. DXM had greater effects than all psilocybin doses on balance, episodic memory, response inhibition, and executive control.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-07-29", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-018-4981-x", "pubmed_id": "30062577", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-4981-x", "keywords": "Humans, Dextromethorphan, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Cognition, Association Learning, Memory, Short-Term, Visual Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30062577\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2886435130\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":109,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1527009192\",\"https://openalex.org/W1847168837\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951724000\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976483990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979267292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991333985\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998782474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003601754\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005900392\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006900274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007003221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008032124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008854521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011197443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023839383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025593723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026223833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027375354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027731572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037891934\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043678991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054149100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058161128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058225279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062235464\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065759841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067877506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075352853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082531061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087065939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108748822\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123274136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131427787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135616701\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148080316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156668874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159388055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167311298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2337964085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2342939947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2495579837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508648216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2537627674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558430488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2622982732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2761856500\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762822955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2774486220\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210411994\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4247424590\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005540871\",\"display_name\":\"Frederick S. Barrett\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3237\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003785730\",\"display_name\":\"Ethan Hurwitz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-4981-x\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2886435130" }, { "id": 2396, "title": "Biocatalytic Production of Psilocybin and Derivatives in Tryptophan Synthase-Enhanced Reactions.", "normalized_title": "biocatalytic production of psilocybin and derivatives in tryptophan synthase enhanced reactions", "authors": "Blei F, Baldeweg F, Fricke J, Hoffmeister D.", "abstract": "Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is the main alkaloid of the fungal genus Psilocybe, the so-called \"magic mushrooms.\" The pharmaceutical interest in this psychotropic natural product as a future medication to treat depression and anxiety is strongly re-emerging. Here, we present an enhanced enzymatic route of psilocybin production by adding TrpB, the tryptophan synthase of the mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, to the reaction. We capitalized on its substrate flexibility and show psilocybin formation from 4-hydroxyindole and l-serine, which are less cost-intensive substrates, compared to the previous method. Furthermore, we show enzymatic production of 7-phosphoryloxytryptamine (isonorbaeocystin), a non-natural congener of the Psilocybe alkaloid norbaeocystin (4-phosphoryloxytryptamine), and of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) by means of the same in vitro approach.", "journal": "Chemistry - A European Journal", "publication_date": "2018-06-18", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1002/chem.201801047", "pubmed_id": "29750381", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201801047", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29750381\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2802656036\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2802656036\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":51,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1519873013\",\"https://openalex.org/W1571501258\",\"https://openalex.org/W1728467647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1903260451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978358353\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994752630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999999921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004626255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010624998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016388239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018420238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019978843\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064468738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072796170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088990812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089982466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094947385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118970397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129133279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415794902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2465873216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2562613841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735805466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2748593001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2949965849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2950394635\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6600158986\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088811388\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Blei\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3190-8684\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051072915\",\"display_name\":\"Florian Baldeweg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046057419\",\"display_name\":\"Janis Fricke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-3185\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010592951\",\"display_name\":\"Dirk Hoffmeister\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-6461\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S68911691\",\"source_display_name\":\"Chemistry - A European Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201801047\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2802656036" }, { "id": 2375, "title": "The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act.", "normalized_title": "the abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the controlled substances act", "authors": "Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE.", "abstract": "This review assesses the abuse potential of medically-administered psilocybin, following the structure of the 8 factors of the US Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Research suggests the potential safety and efficacy of psilocybin in treating cancer-related psychiatric distress and substance use disorders, setting the occasion for this review. A more extensive assessment of abuse potential according to an 8-factor analysis would eventually be required to guide appropriate schedule placement. Psilocybin, like other 5-HT2A agonist classic psychedelics, has limited reinforcing effects, supporting marginal, transient non-human self-administration. Nonetheless, mushrooms with variable psilocybin content are used illicitly, with a few lifetime use occasions being normative among users. Potential harms include dangerous behavior in unprepared, unsupervised users, and exacerbation of mental illness in those with or predisposed to psychotic disorders. However, scope of use and associated harms are low compared to prototypical abused drugs, and the medical model addresses these concerns with dose control, patient screening, preparation and follow-up, and session supervision in a medical facility. CONCLUSIONS: (1) psilocybin has an abuse potential appropriate for CSA scheduling if approved as medicine; (2) psilocybin can provide therapeutic benefits that may support the development of an approvable New Drug Application (NDA) but further studies are required which this review describes; (3) adverse effects of medical psilocybin are manageable when administered according to risk management approaches; and (4) although further study is required, this review suggests that placement in Schedule IV may be appropriate if a psilocybin-containing medicine is approved. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Psychedelics: New Doors, Altered Perceptions'.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-06-04", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012", "pubmed_id": "29753748", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Hallucinogens, Drug and Narcotic Control, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29753748\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Cancer Patients,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2383, "title": "Psychedelics and Personality.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics and personality", "authors": "Aixalà M, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JEC, Bouso JC.", "abstract": "In the past decade, an increasing number of clinical trials are reporting evidence that psychedelics or serotonergic hallucinogens (such as lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and ayahuasca/dimethyltryptamine) could be effective in the treatment of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood but seem to involve changes in bran dynamics in areas rich in serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and in personality. In the present text, we present a brief and critical overview of the current research in this field, pointing out both promises and limitations of these studies.", "journal": "ACS Chemical Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2018-06-03", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00237", "pubmed_id": "29863323", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00237", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Substance-Related Disorders, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Plant Preparations, Personality, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Clinical Trials as Topic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29863323\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2805186158\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2805186158\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2325558246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546678366\",\"https://openalex.org/W2757295924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2790959730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2952169207\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084562532\",\"display_name\":\"Marc Aixalà\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058075680\",\"display_name\":\"Rafael G. dos Santos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4745\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102785969\",\"display_name\":\"Jaime E. C. Hallak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0189\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032347558\",\"display_name\":\"José Carlos Bouso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-9407\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S180465690\",\"source_display_name\":\"ACS Chemical Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00237\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2805186158" }, { "id": 2409, "title": "Biological Effects and Biodistribution of Bufotenine on Mice.", "normalized_title": "biological effects and biodistribution of bufotenine on mice", "authors": "Vigerelli H, Sciani JM, Eula MAC, Sato LA, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Pimenta DC.", "abstract": "Bufotenine is an alkaloid derived from serotonin, structurally similar to LSD and psilocin. This molecule is able to inhibit the rabies virus infection in in vitro and in vivo models, increasing the survival rate of infected animals. Being a very promising molecule for an incurable disease and because of the fact that there is no consensus regarding its neurological effects, this study aimed to evaluate chronic treatment of bufotenine on behavior, pathophysiology, and pharmacokinetics of mice. Animals were daily treated for 21 consecutive days with 0.63, 1.05, and 2.1 mg/animal/day bufotenine and evaluated by open field test and physiological parameters during all the experiment. After this period, organs were collected for histopathological and biodistribution analysis. Animals treated with bufotenine had mild behavioral alterations compared to the control group, being dose-response relationship. On the other hand, animals showed normal physiological functions and no histological alterations in the organs. With high doses, an inflammatory reaction was observed in the site of injection, but with no cellular damage. The alkaloid could be found in the heart and kidney with all doses and in the lungs and brain with higher doses. These results show that the effective dose, 0.63 mg/day, is safe to be administered in mice, since it did not cause significant effects on the animals' physiology and on the CNS. Higher doses were well tolerated, causing only mild behavioral effects. Thus, bufotenine might be a drug prototype for rabies treatment, an incurable disease.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-05-30", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1155/2018/1032638", "pubmed_id": "29955598", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1032638", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Serotonin, Bufotenin, Serotonin Antagonists, Tissue Distribution, Female, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29955598\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Inflammation", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2411, "title": "Lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin for the management of patients with persistent pain: a potential role?", "normalized_title": "lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin for the management of patients with persistent pain a potential role", "authors": "Whelan A, Johnson MI.", "abstract": "Recently, there has been interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin for depression, anxiety and fear of death in terminal illness. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential use of LSD and psilocybin for patients with persistent pain. LSD and psilocybin are 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists and may interact with nociceptive and antinociceptive processing. Tentative evidence from a systematic review suggests that LSD (7 studies, 323 participants) and psilocybin (3 studies, 92 participants) may be beneficial for depression and anxiety associated with distress in life-threatening diseases. LSD and psilocybin are generally safe if administered by a healthcare professional, although further investigations are needed to assess their utility for patients with persistent pain, especially associated with terminal illness.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-05-02", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.2217/pmt-2017-0068", "pubmed_id": "29722608", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2017-0068", "keywords": "Humans, Pain, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Treatment Outcome, Depression, Anxiety, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Chronic Pain, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29722608\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2406, "title": "Psilocybin modulates functional connectivity of the amygdala during emotional face discrimination.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin modulates functional connectivity of the amygdala during emotional face discrimination", "authors": "Grimm O, Kraehenmann R, Preller KH, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Recent studies suggest that the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocybin are mediated through its modulatory properties on prefrontal and limbic brain regions including the amygdala. To further investigate the effects of psilocybin on emotion processing networks, we studied for the first-time psilocybin's acute effects on amygdala seed-to-voxel connectivity in an event-related face discrimination task in 18 healthy volunteers who received psilocybin and placebo in a double-blind balanced cross-over design. The amygdala has been implicated as a salience detector especially involved in the immediate response to emotional face content. We used beta-series amygdala seed-to-voxel connectivity during an emotional face discrimination task to elucidate the connectivity pattern of the amygdala over the entire brain. When we compared psilocybin to placebo, an increase in reaction time for all three categories of affective stimuli was found. Psilocybin decreased the connectivity between amygdala and the striatum during angry face discrimination. During happy face discrimination, the connectivity between the amygdala and the frontal pole was decreased. No effect was seen during discrimination of fearful faces. Thus, we show psilocybin's effect as a modulator of major connectivity hubs of the amygdala. Psilocybin decreases the connectivity between important nodes linked to emotion processing like the frontal pole or the striatum. Future studies are needed to clarify whether connectivity changes predict therapeutic effects in psychiatric patients.", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-04-24", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016", "pubmed_id": "29703645", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016", "keywords": "Amygdala, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Reaction Time, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Facial Recognition, Psilocybin, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29703645\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2801092899\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":94,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1805858390\",\"https://openalex.org/W1961903064\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964970417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984163458\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997927507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013825418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016068952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017481703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026088841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044413038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050596356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054454468\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061170062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074886593\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086146798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086604324\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091308025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094758440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101790396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109167188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109661582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133194768\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133318750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134305330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142455581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143428277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157217643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164383455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165626582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2290816323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2422363455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2481885040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605407165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607932615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970485787\",\"https://openalex.org/W4246613689\",\"https://openalex.org/W6601266828\",\"https://openalex.org/W6627905590\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654492999\",\"https://openalex.org/W6673819475\",\"https://openalex.org/W6837332038\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037306868\",\"display_name\":\"O. Grimm\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-0301\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.016\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2801092899" }, { "id": 5162, "title": "T263. Psilocybin Improves Cognitive Control and Downregulates Parietal Cortex in Treatment-Seeking Smokers", "normalized_title": "t263 psilocybin improves cognitive control and downregulates parietal cortex in treatment seeking smokers", "authors": "Michael C. McKenna, John R. Fedota, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Matthew R. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths, Elliot A. Stein", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2018-04-08", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.600", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.600", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Cognition, Agonist, Posterior parietal cortex, Smoking cessation, Neuroscience, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Internal medicine, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2797159874\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2797159874\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5008744346\",\"display_name\":\"Michael C. McKenna\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8124-591X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091208629\",\"display_name\":\"John R. Fedota\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069405557\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew R. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-8898\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023565994\",\"display_name\":\"Elliot A. Stein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-0269\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.600\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2797159874" }, { "id": 5165, "title": "Visual hallucinations and lifetime use of hallucinogen perception persisting disorder associated recreational drugs: results from a large online survey", "normalized_title": "visual hallucinations and lifetime use of hallucinogen perception persisting disorder associated recreational drugs results from a large online survey", "authors": "Mascha M.J. Linszen, Hidde Kleijer, Iris E. Sommer", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-02-28", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.114", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.114", "keywords": "Visual Hallucination, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, MDMA, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychiatry, Population, Clinical psychology, Recreational Drug, Medicine, Drug, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Hallucinations in medical conditions, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2791795903\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2791795903\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033830064\",\"display_name\":\"Mascha M.J. Linszen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-781X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052875821\",\"display_name\":\"Hidde Kleijer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-844X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035580474\",\"display_name\":\"Iris E. Sommer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-3262\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.114\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2791795903" }, { "id": 5164, "title": "Alteration of Depressive-like Behaviors by Psilocybe cubensis Alkaloid Extract in Mice: the Role of Glutamate Pathway", "normalized_title": "alteration of depressive like behaviors by psilocybe cubensis alkaloid extract in mice the role of glutamate pathway", "authors": "Elaheh Mahmoudi, Mehrdad Faizi, Reza Hajiaghaee, Ali Razmi", "abstract": "Background and objectives: Considering the increasing prevalence of depression, many studies are launched to investigate new antidepressant treatments. The present research has shown how psilocybin as an active compound of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer extract (PCE) can change the parameters related to depression and anxiety in animal models. Both serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) and glutamate modulate depressive-like behaviors and, therefore, we examined the possible interaction of psilocybin as 5-HT1 agonist with glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Methods: Psilocybe cubensis extract of this mushroom was prepared by ethyl acetate. NMRI mice involved in all experiments and were treated with the vehicle, extract, or standard drug intraperitoneally. Open field (OFT), forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST) were applied to measure the intended parameters. OFT was performed to verify the applied doses for measuring the following antidepressant activity. Results: PCE at the doses of 100 mg/kg significantly changed the locomotion, time spent in center and velocity of the animals in OFT. While treatment of the animals with PCE10 and 40 mg/kg or ketamine 1 mg/kg did not alter the locomotor activity, co-administration of these subeffective amounts significantly reduced the immobility time in both FST and TST. Conclusion: These effects may indicate possible implication of psilocybin with NMDA receptor which consequently produces the antidepressant effects.", "journal": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "publication_date": "2018-02-28", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.22127/rjp.2018.58486", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doaj.org/article/6982e7d479cc425db4622ec49357f976", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Open field, NMDA receptor, Pharmacology, Antidepressant, Glutamate receptor, Agonist, Chemistry, 5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Animal models of depression, Psychology, Receptor, Internal medicine, Medicine, Biochemistry, Hallucinogen, Hippocampus, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2791918973\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2791918973\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1977080576\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978632621\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981097208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005594217\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006218562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011699554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023081218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047397795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054759608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074907255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086305648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108403304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116635659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116750744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123354702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127872798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133565799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162510673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162519480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2197078876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2581701212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585110642\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103237851\",\"display_name\":\"Elaheh Mahmoudi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-3568\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089994806\",\"display_name\":\"Mehrdad Faizi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-838X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000831408\",\"display_name\":\"Reza Hajiaghaee\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052956885\",\"display_name\":\"Ali Razmi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-3588\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306401280\",\"source_display_name\":\"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doaj.org/article/6982e7d479cc425db4622ec49357f976\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2791918973" }, { "id": 2384, "title": "Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD).", "normalized_title": "dark classics in chemical neuroscience lysergic acid diethylamide lsd", "authors": "Nichols DE.", "abstract": "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive agents known, producing dramatic alterations of consciousness after submilligram (≥20 μg) oral doses. Following the accidental discovery of its potent psychoactive effects in 1943, it was supplied by Sandoz Laboratories as an experimental drug that might be useful as an adjunct for psychotherapy, or to give psychiatrists insight into the mental processes in their patients. The finding of serotonin in the mammalian brain in 1953, and its structural resemblance to LSD, quickly led to ideas that serotonin in the brain might be involved in mental disorders, initiating rapid research interest in the neurochemistry of serotonin. LSD proved to be physiologically very safe and nonaddictive, with a very low incidence of adverse events when used in controlled experiments. Widely hailed by psychiatry as a breakthrough in the 1950s and early 1960s, clinical research with LSD ended by about 1970, when it was formally placed into Schedule 1 of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 following its growing popularity as a recreational drug. Within the past 5 years, clinical research with LSD has begun in Europe, but there has been none in the United States. LSD is proving to be a powerful tool to help understand brain dynamics when combined with modern brain imaging methods. It remains to be seen whether therapeutic value for LSD can be confirmed in controlled clinical trials, but promising results have been obtained in small pilot trials of depression, anxiety, and addictions using psilocybin, a related psychedelic molecule.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2018-02-28", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00043", "pubmed_id": "29461039", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00043", "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Psychotherapy, Research, Drug and Narcotic Control, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, United States, Europe", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29461039\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Clinical Trial,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2414, "title": "Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity.", "normalized_title": "horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity", "authors": "Reynolds HT, Vijayakumar V, Gluck-Thaler E, Korotkin HB, Matheny PB, Slot JC.", "abstract": "Secondary metabolites are a heterogeneous class of chemicals that often mediate interactions between species. The tryptophan-derived secondary metabolite, psilocin, is a serotonin receptor agonist that induces altered states of consciousness. A phylogenetically disjunct group of mushroom-forming fungi in the Agaricales produce the psilocin prodrug, psilocybin. Spotty phylogenetic distributions of fungal compounds are sometimes explained by horizontal transfer of metabolic gene clusters among unrelated fungi with overlapping niches. We report the discovery of a psilocybin gene cluster in three hallucinogenic mushroom genomes, and evidence for its horizontal transfer between fungal lineages. Patterns of gene distribution and transmission suggest that synthesis of psilocybin may have provided a fitness advantage in the dung and late wood-decay fungal niches, which may serve as reservoirs of fungal indole-based metabolites that alter behavior of mycophagous and wood-eating invertebrates. These hallucinogenic mushroom genomes will serve as models in neurochemical ecology, advancing the (bio)prospecting and synthetic biology of novel neuropharmaceuticals.", "journal": "Evolution Letters", "publication_date": "2018-02-26", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1002/evl3.42", "pubmed_id": "30283667", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/evl3.42", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30283667\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2949965849\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2949965849\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":114,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W339173127\",\"https://openalex.org/W1484347389\",\"https://openalex.org/W1487554690\",\"https://openalex.org/W1504726546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1573962804\",\"https://openalex.org/W1772827403\",\"https://openalex.org/W1827213771\",\"https://openalex.org/W1842727300\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897916411\",\"https://openalex.org/W1913724339\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965381930\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976610976\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987468315\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994525974\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996700726\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008856488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017360110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027192750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028978429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031611770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035061929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039278365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045204781\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045982405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055043387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060870711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062873704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074715304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075912774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078802219\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083442321\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086293112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098937968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099753867\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102781713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103441770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111764697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113000643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115888213\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118970397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119900532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121548838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124351063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126408709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128242967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129933858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131091648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131271579\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132624405\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138122982\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139134537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139488502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141052558\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151070329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154249925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155628349\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158096004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160378127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161745371\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165876708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171468101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2185845448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2223752691\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2404714160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2462023222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2542179114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2572835720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582743722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608153294\",\"https://openalex.org/W2741562499\",\"https://openalex.org/W2766476997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798911176\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230096730\",\"https://openalex.org/W6688909904\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051861727\",\"display_name\":\"Hannah T. Reynolds\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-4567\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025123218\",\"display_name\":\"Vinod Vijayakumar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4923-5551\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079700136\",\"display_name\":\"Emile Gluck-Thaler\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-7495\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045574054\",\"display_name\":\"Hailee B. Korotkin\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103709173\",\"display_name\":\"Patrick Brandon Matheny\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5053454511\",\"display_name\":\"Jason C. Slot\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-3405\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210186268\",\"source_display_name\":\"Evolution Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/evl3.42\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Drug Interactions,Genomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2949965849" }, { "id": 5169, "title": "The Experience Elicited by Hallucinogens Presents the Highest Similarity to Dreaming within a Large Database of Psychoactive Substance Reports", "normalized_title": "the experience elicited by hallucinogens presents the highest similarity to dreaming within a large database of psychoactive substance reports", "authors": "Camila Sanz, Federico Zamberlán, Earth Erowid, Fire Erowid, Enzo Tagliazucchi", "abstract": "Ever since the modern rediscovery of psychedelic substances by Western society, several authors have independently proposed that their effects bear a high resemblance to the dreams and dreamlike experiences occurring naturally during the sleep-wake cycle. Recent studies in humans have provided neurophysiological evidence supporting this hypothesis. However, a rigorous comparative analysis of the phenomenology (“what it feels like” to experience these states) is currently lacking. We investigated the semantic similarity between a large number of subjective reports of psychoactive substances and reports of high/low lucidity dreams, and found that the highest-ranking substance in terms of the similarity to high lucidity dreams was the serotonergic psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), whereas the highest-ranking in terms of the similarity to dreams of low lucidity were plants of the Datura genus, rich in deliriant tropane alkaloids.. Conversely, sedatives, stimulants, antipsychotics and antidepressants comprised most of the lowest-ranking substances. An analysis of the most frequent words in the subjective reports of dreams and hallucinogens revealed that terms associated with perception (“see”, “visual”, “face”, “reality”, “color”), emotion (“fear”), setting (“outside”, “inside”, “street”, “front”, “behind”) and relatives (“mom”, “dad”, “brother”, “parent”, “family”) were the most prevalent across both experiences. In summary, we applied novel quantitative analyses to a large volume of empirical data to confirm the hypothesis that, among all psychoactive substances, hallucinogen drugs elicit experiences with the highest semantic similarity to those of dreams. Our results and the associated methodological developments open the way to study the comparative phenomenology of different altered states of consciousness and its relationship with non-invasive measurements of brain physiology.", "journal": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2018-01-21", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2018.00007", "pubmed_id": "29403350", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00007", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, Psychoactive substance, Consciousness, Similarity (geometry), Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Artificial intelligence, Computer science, Receptor, Internal medicine, Image (mathematics), Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", 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Sanz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5048583007\",\"display_name\":\"Federico Zamberlán\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072823665\",\"display_name\":\"Earth Erowid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071578213\",\"display_name\":\"Fire Erowid\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058986420\",\"display_name\":\"Enzo Tagliazucchi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-9993\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S115201632\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00007\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2786230868" }, { "id": 2426, "title": "Psilocybin disrupts sensory and higher order cognitive processing but not pre-attentive cognitive processing-study on P300 and mismatch negativity in healthy volunteers.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin disrupts sensory and higher order cognitive processing but not pre attentive cognitive processing study on p300 and mismatch negativity in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Bravermanová A, Viktorinová M, Tylš F, Novák T, Androvičová R, Korčák J, Horáček J, Balíková M, Griškova-Bulanova I, Danielová D, Vlček P, Mohr P, Brunovský M, Koudelka V, Páleníček T.", "abstract": "RationaleDisruption of auditory event-related evoked potentials (ERPs) P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), electrophysiological markers of attentive and pre-attentive cognitive processing, is repeatedly described in psychosis and schizophrenia. Similar findings were observed in a glutamatergic model of psychosis, but the role of serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors in information processing is less clear.ObjectivesWe studied ERPs in a serotonergic model of psychosis, induced by psilocybin, a psychedelic with 5-HT2A/C agonistic properties, in healthy volunteers.MethodsTwenty subjects (10M/10F) were given 0.26 mg/kg of psilocybin orally in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design. ERPs (P300, MMN) were registered during the peak of intoxication. Correlations between measured electrophysiological variables and psilocin serum levels and neuropsychological effects were also analyzed.ResultsPsilocybin induced robust psychedelic effects and psychotic-like symptoms, decreased P300 amplitude (p = 0.009) but did not affect the MMN. Psilocybin's disruptive effect on P300 correlated with the intensity of the psychedelic state, which was dependent on the psilocin serum levels. We also observed a decrease in N100 amplitude (p = 0.039) in the P300 paradigm and a negative correlation between P300 and MMN amplitude (p = 0.014).ConclusionsEven though pre-attentive cognition (MMN) was not affected, processing at the early perceptual level (N100) and in higher-order cognition (P300) was significantly disrupted by psilocybin. Our results have implications for the role of 5-HT2A receptors in altered information processing in psychosis and schizophrenia.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2018-01-04", "publication_year": 2018, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-017-4807-2", "pubmed_id": "29302713", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4807-2", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Acoustic Stimulation, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Cognition, Attention, Event-Related Potentials, P300, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29302713\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Bravermanová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-7061\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018960269\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Viktorinová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5793\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5080595856\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Novák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-9654\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049065698\",\"display_name\":\"Renata Androvičová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-0891\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011043226\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Korčák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-4736\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088266146\",\"display_name\":\"Marie Balı́ková\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-1177\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5087764117\",\"display_name\":\"Inga Griškova-Bulanova\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-3300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030263262\",\"display_name\":\"Dominika Danielová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078301213\",\"display_name\":\"Přemysl Vlček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1671-1590\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007494402\",\"display_name\":\"Pavel Mohr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-3271\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070851256\",\"display_name\":\"Vlastimil Koudelka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-7529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4807-2\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2782190599" }, { "id": 5177, "title": "Are psychedelics effective in treating anxiety associated with a lifethreatening disease", "normalized_title": "are psychedelics effective in treating anxiety associated with a lifethreatening disease", "authors": "Kayla Wilwohl", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not “Are psychedelics effective in treating anxiety associated with a lifethreatening disease?” STUDY DESIGN: Review of two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT). DATA SOURCES: All studies were published in peer-reviewed journals found via the use of PubMed Database. OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome measured in this EBM was the effect of psilocybin or LSD on the reduction in anxiety. Reduction in anxiety was measured using either the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants subjectively rated their anxiety pre- and post-drug administration. RESULTS: The results of each study reached statistical significance, indicating psilocybin or LSD to be an effective form of treatment for anxiety in patients with a life-threatening disease. The study by Gasser et al. showed a significant reduction in state anxiety from baseline to 2 months post-LSD administration (p = 0.021). Grob et al. showed a significant decrease in trait anxiety at the 1-month (p = 0.001) and 3-month (p = 0.03) follow-ups after psilocybin administration. Lastly, Griffiths et al. found that 76% of patients administered high-dose psilocybin had a >50% reduction in their anxiety 5 weeks after treatment as compared to 24% of those participants in the control group, with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 2. CONCLUSION: Both pilot studies and the RCT included in this review indicate that LSD or psilocybin are an effective treatment for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease.", "journal": "Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine)", "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/pa_systematic_reviews/308", "keywords": "Anxiety, Disease, Psychology, Forensic engineering, Medicine, Psychiatry, Engineering, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2913026945\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2913026945\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011901488\",\"display_name\":\"Kayla Wilwohl\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196547\",\"source_display_name\":\"Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/pa_systematic_reviews/308\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2913026945" }, { "id": 5175, "title": "If you give a mouse a mushroom: Behavioral effects of hallucinogens in mice", "normalized_title": "if you give a mouse a mushroom behavioral effects of hallucinogens in mice", "authors": "Landon M. Klein", "abstract": "Classical hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that reliably alter perception, cognition, and behavior. Recently, a renewed focus on the mechanisms responsible for the effects of hallucinogens has emerged, as a renaissance of recreational availability and therapeutic interest has taken root. Identifying pharmacological substrates of hallucinogen effects allows us to predict potential dangers of novel hallucinogens, improve our understanding of psychotic disorders, and optimize the therapeutic value of hallucinogens while minimizing untoward side effects. The experiments herein use mouse models to address a broad array of questions regarding neural mechanisms of hallucinogen action. First, I used the head twitch response (HTR), a paroxysmal head rotation induced by hallucinogens in rodents, to probe the relationship between structural characteristics of putative hallucinogens and their potency in vivo. These experiments clarified structure-activity relationships of N-benzyl-5-methoxytryptamines and revealed that the in vivo potency of N,N-diallyltryptamines can be predicted by affinities at 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, with positive and negative contributions to potency, respectively. These are the first experiments to quantify the relative contributions of these receptors to the behavioral effects of a class of tryptamine hallucinogens. Next, I demonstrated that mice lacking mGlu5 receptors are hypersensitive to multiple behavioral effects of hallucinogens. This hypersensitivity persists when a 5-HT2A agonist functionally selective for PLC-mediated signaling is administered, indacating a role for the PLC signaling cascade in this phenomenon. These findings suggest that mGlu5 receptors may typically provide tonic inhibition in response to excessive neuronal excitation, mitigating hallucinogen effects. Finally, I used a discrete-trials interval timing task to explore pharmacological mechanisms responsible for hallucinogen effects on interval timing. These experiments first probed the effects of a tryptamine hallucinogen, psilocin, on timing in mice, and revealed effects to depend on activation of 5-HT2A but not 5-HT1A receptors. Then, studies identified a non-monotonic relationship between 5-HT2A activation and timing wherein either increases or decreases from baseline levels of 5-HT2A activation result in similar timing effects, and demonstrated the sufficiency of hallucinogen effects in prefrontal cortex to alter interval timing. These experiments reveal novel insights on the relationship between pharmacological characteristics of hallucinogenic drugs and their behavioral effects.", "journal": "eScholarship (California Digital Library)", "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bx3d6pf", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Psychology, Neuroscience, Agonist, Pharmacology, 5-HT1 receptor, Tryptamine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, Chemistry, Metabotropic receptor, Biology, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2890207357\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2890207357\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059306266\",\"display_name\":\"Landon M. Klein\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400115\",\"source_display_name\":\"eScholarship (California Digital Library)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bx3d6pf\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2890207357" }, { "id": 2445, "title": "Serotonergic Hallucinogen-Induced Visual Perceptual Alterations.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic hallucinogen induced visual perceptual alterations", "authors": "Kometer M, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are famous for their capacity to temporally and profoundly alter an individual's visual experiences. These visual alterations show consistent attributes despite large inter- and intra-individual variances. Many reports document a common perception of colors as more saturated, with increased brightness and contrast in the environment (\"Visual Intensifications\"). Environmental objects might be altered in size (\"Visual illusions\") or take on a modified and special meaning for the subject (\"Altered self-reference\"). Subjects may perceive light flashes or geometrical figures containing recurrent patterns (\"Elementary imagery and hallucinations\") influenced by auditory stimuli (\"Audiovisual synesthesia\"), or they may envision images of people, animals, or landscapes (\"Complex imagery and hallucinations\") without any physical stimuli supporting their percepts. This wide assortment of visual phenomena suggests that one single neuropsychopharmacological mechanism is unlikely to explain such vast phenomenological diversity. Starting with mechanisms that act at the cellular level, the key role of 5-HT2A receptor activation and the subsequent increased cortical excitation will be considered. Next, it will be shown that area specific anatomical and dynamical features link increased excitation to the specific visual contents of hallucinations. The decrease of alpha oscillations by hallucinogens will then be introduced as a systemic mechanism for amplifying internal-driven excitation that overwhelms stimulus-induced excitations. Finally, the hallucinogen-induced parallel decrease of the N170 visual evoked potential and increased medial P1 potential will be discussed as key mechanisms for inducing a dysbalance between global integration and early visual gain that may explain several hallucinogen-induced visual experiences, including visual hallucinations, illusions, and intensifications.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2016_461", "pubmed_id": "27900674", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_461", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Hallucinations, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Visual Perception", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27900674\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2444, "title": "Phenomenology, Structure, and Dynamic of Psychedelic States.", "normalized_title": "phenomenology structure and dynamic of psychedelic states", "authors": "Preller KH, Vollenweider FX", "abstract": "Classic serotonergic hallucinogens or psychedelics produce an altered states of consciousness (ASC) that is characterized by profound alterations in sensory perception, mood, thought including the perception of reality, and the sense of self. Over the past years, there has been considerable progress in the search for invariant and common features of psychedelic states. In the first part of this review, we outline contemporary approaches to characterize the structure of ASCs by means of three primary etiology-independent dimensions including oceanic boundlessness, anxious ego-dissolution, and visionary restructuralization as well as by 11 lower-order factors, all of which can be reliably measured by the altered state of consciousness questionnaire (APZ-OAV). The second part sheds light on the dynamic nature of psychedelic experiences. Frequently, psychedelic subjects progress through different stages over time and levels of changes along a perception-hallucination continuum of increasing arousal and ego-dissolution. We then review in detail the acute effects of psychedelics on sensory perception, emotion, cognition, creativity, and time perception along with possible neural mechanisms underlying them. The next part of this review outlines the influence of non-pharmacological factors (predictors) on the acute psychedelic experience, such as demographics, genetics, personality, mood, and setting, and also discusses some long-term effects succeeding the acute experience. The last part presents some recent concepts and models attempting to understand different facets of psychedelic states of consciousness from a neuroscientific perspective.", "journal": "Current topics in behavioral neurosciences", "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2016_459", "pubmed_id": "28025814", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28025814/", "keywords": "Altered states of consciousness, Hallucinogens, Human, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Serotonin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"28025814\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Personality Change,Emotional Processing,Creativity,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2443, "title": "Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior.", "normalized_title": "effect of hallucinogens on unconditioned behavior", "authors": "Halberstadt AL, Geyer MA", "abstract": "Because of the ethical and regulatory hurdles associated with human studies, much of what is known about the psychopharmacology of hallucinogens has been derived from animal models. However, developing reliable animal models has proven to be a challenging task due to the complexity and variability of hallucinogen effects in humans. This chapter focuses on three animal models that are frequently used to test the effects of hallucinogens on unconditioned behavior: head twitch response (HTR), prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), and exploratory behavior. The HTR has demonstrated considerable utility in the neurochemical actions of hallucinogens. However, the latter two models have clearer conceptual bridges to human phenomenology. Consistent with the known mechanism of action of hallucinogens in humans, the behavioral effects of hallucinogens in rodents are mediated primarily by activation of 5-HT receptors. There is evidence, however, that other receptors may play secondary roles. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of hallucinogens are reviewed in relation to each model, with a focus on the HTR in rats and mice.", "journal": "Current topics in behavioral neurosciences", "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2016_466", "pubmed_id": "28224459", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28224459/", "keywords": "1-methylpsilocin, 25CN-NBOH, 25I-NBOMe, 5-HT2C receptor, DOI, LSD, Lisuride, Locomotor activity, Lysergic acid diethylamide, M100907, Mescaline, Mouse, Psilocybin, Psychedelic, Quipazine, Rat, SB-242,084, Wet dog shake", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"28224459\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2441, "title": "Therapeutic Applications of Classic Hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic applications of classic hallucinogens", "authors": "Bogenschutz MP, Ross S.", "abstract": "This chapter reviews what is known about the therapeutic uses of the serotonergic or classic hallucinogens, i.e., psychoactive drugs such as LSD and psilocybin that exert their effects primarily through agonist activity at serotonin 2A (5HT2A) receptors. Following a review of the history of human use and scientific study of these drugs, the data from clinical research are summarized, including extensive work on the use of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of alcoholism and other addictions, studies of the use of LSD and psilocybin to relieve distress concerning death, particularly in patients with advanced or terminal cancer, and more limited data concerning the use of classic hallucinogens to treat mood and anxiety disorders. A survey of possible mechanisms of clinically relevant effects is provided. The well-established safety of classic hallucinogens is reviewed. To provide a clinical perspective, case summaries are provided of two individuals who received treatment in recent controlled trials of psilocybin: one being treated for alcoholism, the other suffering from anxiety and depression related to fear of death due to a cancer diagnosis. Although promising early phase research conducted from the 1950s through the early 1970s was discontinued before firm conclusions could be reached concerning the efficacy of any of the classic hallucinogens for any clinical condition, the research that was conducted in that era strongly suggests that classic hallucinogens have clinically relevant effects, particularly in the case of LSD treatment of alcoholism. In the past decade, clinical trials have resumed investigating the effects of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of existential distress in the face of cancer, and in the treatment of addictions including alcoholism and nicotine addiction. The studies that have been completed to date are not sufficient to establish efficacy, but the outcomes have been very encouraging, and larger trials, up to and including phase 3, are now underway or being planned. Although research has elucidated many of the acute neurobiological and psychological effects of classic hallucinogens on humans, animals, and in vitro systems, the mechanisms of clinically relevant persisting effects remain poorly understood.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2016_464", "pubmed_id": "28512684", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_464", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Death, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28512684\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Observational Study,In Vitro Study,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2440, "title": "The Effects of Hallucinogens on Gene Expression.", "normalized_title": "the effects of hallucinogens on gene expression", "authors": "Martin DA, Nichols CD.", "abstract": "The classic serotonergic hallucinogens, or psychedelics, have the ability to profoundly alter perception and behavior. These can include visual distortions, hallucinations, detachment from reality, and mystical experiences. Some psychedelics, like LSD, are able to produce these effects with remarkably low doses of drug. Others, like psilocybin, have recently been demonstrated to have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and addiction that persist for at least several months after only a single therapeutic session. How does this occur? Much work has recently been published from imaging studies showing that psychedelics alter brain network connectivity. They facilitate a disintegration of the default mode network, producing a hyperconnectivity between brain regions that allow centers that do not normally communicate with each other to do so. The immediate and acute effects on both behaviors and network connectivity are likely mediated by effector pathways downstream of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation. These acute molecular processes also influence gene expression changes, which likely influence synaptic plasticity and facilitate more long-term changes in brain neurochemistry ultimately underlying the therapeutic efficacy of a single administration to achieve long-lasting effects. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the molecular genetic responses to psychedelics within the brain and discuss how gene expression changes may contribute to altered cellular physiology and behaviors.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2017_479", "pubmed_id": "28677095", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2017_479", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28677095\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Neuroplasticity,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Mystical Experience,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2439, "title": "Hallucinogens and Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways.", "normalized_title": "hallucinogens and serotonin 5 ht2a receptor mediated signaling pathways", "authors": "López-Giménez JF, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "The neuropsychological effects of naturally occurring psychoactive chemicals have been recognized for millennia. Hallucinogens, which include naturally occurring chemicals such as mescaline and psilocybin, as well as synthetic compounds, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), induce profound alterations of human consciousness, emotion, and cognition. The discovery of the hallucinogenic effects of LSD and the observations that LSD and the endogenous ligand serotonin share chemical and pharmacological profiles led to the suggestion that biogenic amines like serotonin were involved in the psychosis of mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Although they bind other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, studies indicate that several effects of hallucinogens involve agonist activity at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. In this chapter, we review recent advances in understanding hallucinogen drug action through characterization of structure, neuroanatomical location, and function of the 5-HT2A receptor.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/7854_2017_478", "pubmed_id": "28677096", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2017_478", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Signal Transduction, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28677096\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2435, "title": "Serotonergic Psychedelics: Experimental Approaches for Assessing Mechanisms of Action.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic psychedelics experimental approaches for assessing mechanisms of action", "authors": "Canal CE.", "abstract": "Recent, well-controlled - albeit small-scale - clinical trials show that serotonergic psychedelics, including psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, possess great promise for treating psychiatric disorders, including treatment-resistant depression. Additionally, fresh results from a deluge of clinical neuroimaging studies are unveiling the dynamic effects of serotonergic psychedelics on functional activity within, and connectivity across, discrete neural systems. These observations have led to testable hypotheses regarding neural processing mechanisms that contribute to psychedelic effects and therapeutic benefits. Despite these advances and a plethora of preclinical and clinical observations supporting a central role for brain serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in producing serotonergic psychedelic effects, lingering and new questions about mechanisms abound. These chiefly pertain to molecular neuropharmacology. This chapter is devoted to illuminating and discussing such questions in the context of preclinical experimental approaches for studying mechanisms of action of serotonergic psychedelics, classic and new.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/164_2018_107", "pubmed_id": "29532180", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_107", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29532180\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Animal Study,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2789541163" }, { "id": 2365, "title": "Rapid-Acting Antidepressants.", "normalized_title": "rapid acting antidepressants", "authors": "Witkin JM, Knutson DE, Rodriguez GJ, Shi S.", "abstract": "BackgroundConventional antidepressants are thought to produce their impact on clinical symptoms by increasing the central availability of biogenic amine neurotransmitters (the monoamine hypothesis of depression). These drugs continue to be the primary medicines used in major depressive disorder. Although they have biological effects after acute dosing, full antidepressant response generally takes weeks of daily administration. Lack of rapid onset is a large limitation in antidepressant therapy (e.g., suicide, lack of medication compliance, difficulty switching medications).MethodsThe present review of the literature discusses the preclinical and clinical findings on compounds that can produce immediate symptom relief.ResultsThese compounds include ketamine, scopolamine, and mechanistically-related drugs. Newer additions to the list of potential rapid-acting agents include antagonists of metabotropic (mGlu) 2/3 receptors, negative allosteric modulators of α5-containing GABAA receptors, and psychedelic compounds. An additional benefit of these compounds is that they have demonstrated large effect sizes and, importantly, demonstrated efficacy in patient's refractory to other treatments. A drawback of some of these compounds, to date, is finding ways to expand the duration of clinical efficacy. In addition, for some compounds, the side-effect profile requires management. A primary mechanism by which rapid effects might be produced is through the amplification of excitatory neurotransmission through activation of AMPA receptors. The extracellular efflux of glutamate induced by these drugs has been documented and provides the hypothesized triggering mechanism for AMPA receptor amplification.ConclusionThe preclinical and clinical literature strongly suggests that rapid-acting antidepressants are the current focus of antidepressant drug discovery. Promising clinical findings exist for several compounds including ketamine and other NMDA receptor antagonists, scopolamine, and psilocybin. Two compounds are in late stage clinical development: GLYX-13 (Rapastinel) and eskekamine.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-12-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.2174/1381612824666180730104707", "pubmed_id": "30058481", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180730104707", "keywords": "Humans, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Treatment Outcome, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30058481\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5181, "title": "„Terapia szokowa”, czyli agoniści receptor 5-HT2A w leczeniu depresji i lęku", "normalized_title": "terapia szokowa czyli agoniści receptor 5 ht2a w leczeniu depresji i lęku", "authors": "Joanna Stefaniuk", "abstract": "The most widespread ailment that affects people nowadays are depressive and anxiety disorder, which \\nmay concern even 20% of the population. Profits of pharmaceutical companies from drug trade on theseailments are among the biggest, which shows a large scale of the problem. The most commonly useddrugs in these cases are SSRIs - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whose antidepressant andanxiolytic effects are mainly based on change in density of some receptors, which translates into areduction intensity of emotions. However, recently researchers have turned to drugs that acts reverse to \\nSSRIs. These substances are psychedelics, for instance LSD, psilocybin and ayahuasca, which are 5HT2A receptor agonists in the central nervous system. It turns out that substances which almost alcountries of the world are illegal, properly used can have therapeutic properties, and this action is based \\nnot on suppressing emotions and thoughts, but on increasing their intensity. This allows in some wayunderstand and work on the disorder. Following text presents a brief description of depression andanxiety, psychedelics pharmacodynamics and safety of their use. Then we discussed some of thecompounds most commonly used in research and possible scientific explanations why they work \\ntherapeutically. There are presented also SSRIs mechanism of action and their comparison with \\npsychedelics, both in terms of receptor activity or different molecules in the brain, as well as in \\nsubjective perceptions of the effects.", "journal": "CeON Repository (Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science)", "publication_date": "2017-11-30", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/13483", "keywords": "Theology, Philosophy, Medicine, Nutrition and Health Studies, Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2771603125\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2771603125\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067326389\",\"display_name\":\"Joanna Stefaniuk\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196336\",\"source_display_name\":\"CeON Repository (Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/13483\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2771603125" }, { "id": 2448, "title": "LSD Increases Primary Process Thinking via Serotonin 2A Receptor Activation.", "normalized_title": "lsd increases primary process thinking via serotonin 2a receptor activation", "authors": "Kraehenmann R, Pokorny D, Aicher H, Preller KH, Pokorny T, Bosch OG, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Rationale: Stimulation of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and related compounds such as psilocybin has previously been shown to increase primary process thinking - an ontologically and evolutionary early, implicit, associative, and automatic mode of thinking which is typically occurring during altered states of consciousness such as dreaming. However, it is still largely unknown whether LSD induces primary process thinking under placebo-controlled, standardized experimental conditions and whether these effects are related to subjective experience and 5-HT2A receptor activation. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypotheses that LSD increases primary process thinking and that primary process thinking depends on 5-HT2A receptor activation and is related to subjective drug effects. Methods: Twenty-five healthy subjects performed an audio-recorded mental imagery task 7 h after drug administration during three drug conditions: placebo, LSD (100 mcg orally) and LSD together with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (40 mg orally). The main outcome variable in this study was primary index (PI), a formal measure of primary process thinking in the imagery reports. State of consciousness was evaluated using the Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale. Results: LSD, compared with placebo, significantly increased primary index (p < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected). The LSD-induced increase in primary index was positively correlated with LSD-induced disembodiment (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected), and blissful state (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected) on the 5D-ASC. Both LSD-induced increases in primary index and changes in state of consciousness were fully blocked by ketanserin. Conclusion: LSD induces primary process thinking via activation of 5-HT2A receptors and in relation to disembodiment and blissful state. Primary process thinking appears to crucially organize inner experiences during both dreams and psychedelic states of consciousness.", "journal": "Frontiers in Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-11-07", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2017.00814", "pubmed_id": "29167644", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00814", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29167644\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2768082096\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":115,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W8783304\",\"https://openalex.org/W156478726\",\"https://openalex.org/W420655603\",\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1566681894\",\"https://openalex.org/W1904266856\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964824176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965376401\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968799970\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971355925\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981228950\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982170313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983821600\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997031788\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997813616\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998631480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003033624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003295373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006197045\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029173584\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031989028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068505441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077009958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087578842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094500507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095706928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121001250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144078056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149390160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154803261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155479778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170848267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2402482580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411921050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414362583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2507811178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553251493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603090185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2604795661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608371625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2608897054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2704181554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211248987\",\"https://openalex.org/W4242396821\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300670882\",\"https://openalex.org/W6651988695\",\"https://openalex.org/W6716078033\",\"https://openalex.org/W6736650285\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108435810\",\"display_name\":\"Dan Pokorný\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030764396\",\"display_name\":\"Helena Aicher\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-7086\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002125925\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver G. Bosch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-0859\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S132108250\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00814\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2768082096" }, { "id": 2428, "title": "Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.", "normalized_title": "double blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan similarities and differences in subjective experiences", "authors": "Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Hurwitz E, Griffiths RR.", "abstract": "RationaleAlthough psilocybin and dextromethorphan (DXM) are hallucinogens, they have different receptor mechanisms of action and have not been directly compared.ObjectiveThis study compared subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of psilocybin and dextromethorphan under conditions that minimized expectancy effects.MethodsSingle, acute oral doses of psilocybin (10, 20, 30 mg/70 kg), DXM (400 mg/70 kg), and placebo were administered under double-blind conditions to 20 healthy participants with histories of hallucinogen use. Instructions to participants and staff minimized expectancy effects. Various subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects were assessed after drug administration.ResultsHigh doses of both drugs produced similar increases in participant ratings of peak overall drug effect strength, with similar times to maximal effect and time-course. Psilocybin produced orderly dose-related increases on most participant-rated subjective measures previously shown sensitive to hallucinogens. DXM produced increases on most of these same measures. However, the high dose of psilocybin produced significantly greater and more diverse visual effects than DXM including greater movement and more frequent, brighter, distinctive, and complex (including textured and kaleidoscopic) images and visions. Compared to DXM, psilocybin also produced significantly greater mystical-type and psychologically insightful experiences and greater absorption in music. In contrast, DXM produced larger effects than psilocybin on measures of disembodiment, nausea/emesis, and light-headedness. Both drugs increased systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and pupil dilation and decreased psychomotor performance and balance.ConclusionsPsilocybin and DXM produced similar profiles of subjective experiences, with psilocybin producing relatively greater visual, mystical-type, insightful, and musical experiences, and DXM producing greater disembodiment.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-11-06", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4", "pubmed_id": "29116367", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinations, Substance-Related Disorders, Dextromethorphan, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Music, Mysticism, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29116367\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767725891\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":139,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62704851\",\"https://openalex.org/W1144621943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1493607257\",\"https://openalex.org/W1595187506\",\"https://openalex.org/W1772191471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1847168837\",\"https://openalex.org/W1895388428\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971080708\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976483990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003379938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008854521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023777641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029021490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043678991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047050449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057298190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058161128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075352853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087065939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089436854\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107985334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148080316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164480306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167311298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2257443024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330686105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\",\"https://openalex.org/W2343295103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398898762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401986986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2498783845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2549202270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2561419573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2600624779\",\"https://openalex.org/W2603506674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605338907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605399484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2738683289\",\"https://openalex.org/W2930381162\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210411994\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211211437\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W4302573313\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083415921\",\"display_name\":\"Theresa M. Carbonaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003785730\",\"display_name\":\"Ethan Hurwitz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2767725891" }, { "id": 2452, "title": "Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treatment resistant depression fmri measured brain mechanisms", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Bolstridge M, Demetriou L, Pannekoek JN, Wall MB, Tanner M, Kaelen M, McGonigle J, Murphy K, Leech R, Curran HV, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin with psychological support is showing promise as a treatment model in psychiatry but its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after treatment with psilocybin (serotonin agonist) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Quality pre and post treatment fMRI data were collected from 16 of 19 patients. Decreased depressive symptoms were observed in all 19 patients at 1-week post-treatment and 47% met criteria for response at 5 weeks. Whole-brain analyses revealed post-treatment decreases in CBF in the temporal cortex, including the amygdala. Decreased amygdala CBF correlated with reduced depressive symptoms. Focusing on a priori selected circuitry for RSFC analyses, increased RSFC was observed within the default-mode network (DMN) post-treatment. Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex-bilateral inferior lateral parietal cortex RSFC was predictive of treatment response at 5-weeks, as was decreased parahippocampal-prefrontal cortex RSFC. These data fill an important knowledge gap regarding the post-treatment brain effects of psilocybin, and are the first in depressed patients. The post-treatment brain changes are different to previously observed acute effects of psilocybin and other 'psychedelics' yet were related to clinical outcomes. A 'reset' therapeutic mechanism is proposed.", "journal": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2017-10-12", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7", "pubmed_id": "29030624", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Depression, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29030624\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2762746674\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":589,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W202043522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1552940129\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964807622\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972616052\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973776237\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982325587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990134753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992059353\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999520265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006096283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006509419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012702426\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018608345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024729467\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033034887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035495352\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036970657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037316926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044423747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055862036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060895955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061564920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078524519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083937514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093477837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095438393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097563002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109492510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117140276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123722617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129736850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131398580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139505744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143859454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146747402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151721316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2235823035\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330815024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341558148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346262441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W2464316004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2610144880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2616273018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2644260506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020826324\",\"display_name\":\"Leor Roseman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-6029\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060501027\",\"display_name\":\"Lysia Demetriou\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-0900\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012877956\",\"display_name\":\"J. Nienke Pannekoek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-5297\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069665617\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew B. Wall\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-6274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051781791\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Tanner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6706-6536\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110317265\",\"display_name\":\"John McGonigle\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057824637\",\"display_name\":\"Kevin Murphy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-313X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007616376\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Leech\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-6318\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061200799\",\"display_name\":\"H. Valerie Curran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S196734849\",\"source_display_name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Treatment-Resistant Depression", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2762746674" }, { "id": 2378, "title": "TCB-2 [(7R)-3-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxy-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methanamine]: A hallucinogenic drug, a selective 5-HT2A receptor pharmacological tool, or none of the above?", "normalized_title": "tcb 2 7r 3 bromo 2 5 dimethoxy bicyclo 4 2 0 octa 1 3 5 trien 7 yl methanamine a hallucinogenic drug a selective 5 ht2a receptor pharmacological tool or none of the above", "authors": "Di Giovanni G, De Deurwaerdère P.", "abstract": "The development of 5-HT2A receptor agonists has been considerably marginalized since the demonstration that the tryptaminergic drugs, LSD and psilocybin, or the phenylakylamine drugs, mescaline and DOI, exert their hallucinogenic properties via the stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors. Nonetheless, the ability of drugs to stimulate 5-HT2A receptors is not necessarily associated with psychedelic experience and the hallucinogenic properties are still not understood. Several studies have increased interest in stimulating 5-HT2A receptors in various CNS diseases. (7R)-3-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxy-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methanamine (TCB-2) which was synthetized in 2006 presents a high affinity with human and rat 5-HT2A receptors. Its main feature of interest is that it preferentially stimulates the phospholipase C and not phospholipase A2 pathway, which is at variance with several hallucinogenic drugs. Preference for TCB-2 has increased in preclinical studies and it exhibits subtle differences compared to DOI or LSD in some molecular, cellular and behavioral studies. The purpose of this review is to take a position on the use of TCB-2 as a pharmacological tool. A careful reading of the literature has revealed that the suspected hallucinogenic properties of TCB-2 cannot firmly be ascertained while its pharmacological profile is unknown and likely not selective at 5-HT2A receptors. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Psychedelics: New Doors, Altered Perceptions'.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-10-03", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.004", "pubmed_id": "28987938", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.004", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Methylamines, Hallucinogens, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28987938\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2424, "title": "Serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life-threatening disease: A systematic review.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life threatening disease a systematic review", "authors": "Reiche S, Hermle L, Gutwinski S, Jungaberle H, Gasser P, Majić T.", "abstract": "Anxiety and depression are some of the most common psychiatric symptoms of patients suffering with life-threatening diseases, often associated with a low quality of life and a poor overall prognosis. 5-HT2A-receptor agonists (serotonergic hallucinogens, 'psychedelics') like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin were first investigated as therapeutic agents in the 1960s. Recently, after a long hiatus period of regulatory obstacles, interest in the clinical use of these substances has resumed. The current article provides a systematic review of studies investigating psychedelics in the treatment of symptoms of existential distress in life-threatening diseases across different periods of research, highlighting how underlying concepts have developed over time. A systematic search for clinical trials from 1960 to 2017 revealed 11 eligible clinical trials involving a total number of N=445 participants, of which 7 trials investigated the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (N=323), 3 trials investigated the use of psilocybin (N=92), and one trial investigated the use of dipropyltryptamine (DPT) (N=30). The 4 more recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (N=104) showed a significantly higher methodological quality than studies carried out in the 1960s and 1970s. Evidence supports that patients with life threatening diseases associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety benefit from the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of serotonergic hallucinogens. Some studies anecdotally reported improvements in patients´ quality of life and reduced fear of death. Moreover, low rates of side effects were reported in studies that adhered to safety guidelines. Further studies are needed to determine how these results can be transferred into clinical practice.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-09-21", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.012", "pubmed_id": "28947181", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.012", "keywords": "Humans, Critical Illness, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Depression, Anxiety, Clinical Trials as Topic", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28947181\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Randomized Controlled Trial,Systematic Review,Review Article,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5189, "title": "Google Trends Analyses and Case Report: A Persistently Dilated Pupil in Psychedelics’ User", "normalized_title": "google trends analyses and case report a persistently dilated pupil in psychedelics user", "authors": "Ahmed Al-Imam", "abstract": "An eighteen years old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from New Zealand, she presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her discomfort and occasional burning sensation when outdoor due to an oversensitivity to sunlight. However, her pupillary reaction to light (pupillary light reflex) was intact. The patient is a known user of psychedelic substances (entheogens) including LSD, NBOMe, psilocybin, and DMT. The condition affects both eyes to the same extent. A thorough medical, neurological, and radiological examination, including an EEG and an MRI of the head and neck region, were completely normal. All these tests failed to detect any pathophysiological or anatomical abnormalities. The patient is a known case of chronic endogenous depression in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which she is medicating with citalopram and Ritalin respectively. There was neither a family history nor a similar congenital condition in her family. Collateral inferential statistical analyses were implemented in relation to Google Trends database to seek out relevant data in relation to psychedelic substances and their corresponding geographic mapping.", "journal": "Global Journal of Health Science", "publication_date": "2017-09-17", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.5539/gjhs.v9n11p168", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n11p168", "keywords": "Pupil, Depression (economics), Medicine, Pupillary response, Pupillary light reflex, Psychiatry, Psychology, Audiology, Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2754605292\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2754605292\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W159503362\",\"https://openalex.org/W166804691\",\"https://openalex.org/W182927737\",\"https://openalex.org/W620598799\",\"https://openalex.org/W1600730077\",\"https://openalex.org/W1864709180\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982770101\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985038588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010863501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018400270\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021552485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027704663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030333429\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050301653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057780053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064567362\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072138623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080292915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080618050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080760021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090563027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094315000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109063793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110422029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132446932\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145766592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147768883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148275840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155600799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170147223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170871632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2204642832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287161164\",\"https://openalex.org/W2374992170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516295730\",\"https://openalex.org/W2516889896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2536887084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559511041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559946272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585293760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2742945501\",\"https://openalex.org/W3023654051\",\"https://openalex.org/W6729099020\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088173235\",\"display_name\":\"Ahmed Al-Imam\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-9424\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2755631367\",\"source_display_name\":\"Global Journal of Health Science\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n11p168\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Toxicity", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2754605292" }, { "id": 2460, "title": "Effect of Psilocybin on Empathy and Moral Decision-Making.", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocybin on empathy and moral decision making", "authors": "Pokorny T, Preller KH, Kometer M, Dziobek I, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundImpaired empathic abilities lead to severe negative social consequences and influence the development and treatment of several psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, empathy has been shown to play a crucial role in moral and prosocial behavior. Although the serotonin system has been implicated in modulating empathy and moral behavior, the relative contribution of the various serotonin receptor subtypes is still unknown.MethodsWe investigated the acute effect of psilocybin (0.215 mg/kg p.o.) in healthy human subjects on different facets of empathy and hypothetical moral decision-making using the multifaceted empathy test (n=32) and the moral dilemma task (n=24).ResultsPsilocybin significantly increased emotional, but not cognitive empathy compared with placebo, and the increase in implicit emotional empathy was significantly associated with psilocybin-induced changed meaning of percepts. In contrast, moral decision-making remained unaffected by psilocybin.ConclusionsThese findings provide first evidence that psilocybin has distinct effects on social cognition by enhancing emotional empathy but not moral behavior. Furthermore, together with previous findings, psilocybin appears to promote emotional empathy presumably via activation of serotonin 2A/1A receptors, suggesting that targeting serotonin 2A/1A receptors has implications for potential treatment of dysfunctional social cognition.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2017-08-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyx047", "pubmed_id": "28637246", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx047", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Empathy, Morals, Decision Making, Neuropsychological Tests, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28637246\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2624901555\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":201,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W85091029\",\"https://openalex.org/W590335313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1515050169\",\"https://openalex.org/W1597563915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1612167481\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971527018\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972895433\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980083892\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993694281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998534408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000120390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001594024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001733916\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006103025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015278509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016681203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025044089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027068992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029612842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040748514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055132787\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062530052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073612520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078650938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088779903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096694261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097415821\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117908720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120618620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122307809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127572868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129900561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130562555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140241886\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140357702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141584333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142827688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146210764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147093380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147800818\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158303226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164227568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165032621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171489717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2263689053\",\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413573456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417895908\",\"https://openalex.org/W3122562872\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073232278\",\"display_name\":\"Isabel Dziobek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-5353\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx047\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2624901555" }, { "id": 3295, "title": "Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity", "normalized_title": "horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity", "authors": "Reynolds HT, Vijayakumar V, Gluck-Thaler E, Korotkin HB, Matheny PB, Slot JC.", "abstract": "Secondary metabolites are heterogeneous natural products that often mediate interactions between species. The tryptophan-derived secondary metabolite, psilocin, is a serotonin receptor agonist that induces altered states of consciousness. A phylogenetically disjunct group of mushroom-forming fungi in the Agaricales produce the psilocin prodrug, psilocybin. Spotty phylogenetic distributions of fungal compounds are sometimes explained by horizontal transfer of metabolic gene clusters among unrelated fungi with overlapping niches. We report the discovery of a psilocybin gene cluster in three hallucinogenic mushroom genomes, and evidence for its horizontal transfer between fungal lineages. Patterns of gene distribution and transmission suggest that psilocybin provides a fitness advantage in the dung and late wood-decay niches, which may be reservoirs of fungal indole-based metabolites that alter behavior of mycophagous and wood-eating invertebrates. These hallucinogenic mushroom genomes will serve as models in neurochemical ecology, advancing the prospecting and synthetic biology of novel neuropharmaceuticals.", "journal": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2017-08-14", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1101/176347", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/176347", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "bioRxiv", "date_added": "2026-07-01 11:03:50", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"PPR15774\",\"source\":\"PPR\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":\"bioRxiv\",\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Drug Interactions,Genomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "preprint", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2453, "title": "Two dose investigation of the 5-HT-agonist psilocybin on relative and global cerebral blood flow.", "normalized_title": "two dose investigation of the 5 ht agonist psilocybin on relative and global cerebral blood flow", "authors": "Lewis CR, Preller KH, Kraehenmann R, Michels L, Staempfli P, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, is an agonist of various serotonin receptors. Seminal psilocybin positron emission tomography (PET) research suggested regional increases in glucose metabolism in frontal cortex (hyperfrontality). However, a recent arterial spin labeling (ASL) study suggests psilocybin may lead to hypo-perfusion in various brain regions. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study we used pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) to measure perfusion changes, with and without adjustment for global brain perfusion, after two doses of oral psilocybin (low dose: 0.160 mg/kg; high dose: 0.215 mg/kg) in two groups of healthy controls (n = 29 in both groups, total N = 58) during rest. We controlled for sex and age and used family-wise error corrected p values in all neuroimaging analyses. Both dose groups reported profound subjective drug effects as measured by the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) with the high dose inducing significantly larger effects in four out of the 11 scales. After adjusting for global brain perfusion, psilocybin increased relative perfusion in distinct right hemispheric frontal and temporal regions and bilaterally in the anterior insula and decreased perfusion in left hemispheric parietal and temporal cortices and left subcortical regions. Whereas, psilocybin significantly reduced absolute perfusion in frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and bilateral amygdalae, anterior cingulate, insula, striatal regions, and hippocampi. Our analyses demonstrate consistency with both the hyperfrontal hypothesis of psilocybin and the more recent study demonstrating decreased perfusion, depending on analysis method. Importantly, our data illustrate that relative changes in perfusion should be understood and interpreted in relation to absolute signal variations.", "journal": "NeuroImage", "publication_date": "2017-07-11", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.020", "pubmed_id": "28711736", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.020", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28711736\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2735984207\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":105,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963625493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966123432\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967578708\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976099054\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980268274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989850665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007734075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017046927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023555736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027470220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043768758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051509186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053268711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067890459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071543858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073845233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077466520\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077654529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078297889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081844613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103583518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105548827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106072096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109884356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117575003\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123029280\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132627535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169787465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W6645562331\",\"https://openalex.org/W6667554796\",\"https://openalex.org/W6670263693\",\"https://openalex.org/W6673819475\",\"https://openalex.org/W6712001975\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035160894\",\"display_name\":\"Candace R. Lewis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032736128\",\"display_name\":\"Lars Michels\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-1100\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113804175\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stäempfli\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S103225281\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.020\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2735984207" }, { "id": 2466, "title": "[Psychotherapy with Adjuvant use of Serotonergic Psychoactive Substances: Possibilities and Challenges].", "normalized_title": "psychotherapy with adjuvant use of serotonergic psychoactive substances possibilities and challenges", "authors": "Majić T, Jungaberle H, Jungaberle H, Schmidt TT, Zeuch A, Hermle L, Gallinat J.", "abstract": "Background Recently, scientific interest in the therapeutic potential of serotonergic and psilocybin hallucinogens (psychedelics) such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and entactogens like 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) within the framework of psychotherapy has resumed. The present article provides an overview on the current evidence on substance-assisted psychotherapy with these substances. Method A selective search was carried out in the PubMed and Cochrane Library including studies investigating the clinical use of serotonergic psychoactive substances since 2000. Results Studies were found investigating the following indications: alcohol (LSD and psilocybin) and tobacco addiction (psilocybin), anxiety and depression in patients suffering from life-threatening somatic illness (LSD and psilocybin), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (psilocybin), treatment-resistant major depression (psilocybin), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (MDMA). Discussion Substance use disorders, PTSD and anxiety and depression in patients suffering from life-threatening somatic illness belong to the indications with the best evidence for substance-assisted psychotherapy with serotonergic psychoactive agents. To date, studies indicate efficacy and relatively good tolerability. Further studies are needed to determine whether these substances may represent suitable and effective treatment options for some treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders in the future.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-06-30", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1055/s-0043-103085", "pubmed_id": "28768346", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-103085", "keywords": "Humans, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Serotonin Agents, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Mental Disorders, Psychotherapy, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28768346\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5199, "title": "Developing Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists", "normalized_title": "developing guidelines and competencies for the training of psychedelic therapists", "authors": "Janis Phelps", "abstract": "Research since the 1950s has shown that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has had significant positive effects in reductions of specific clinical symptoms and increases in quality of life as measured on a variety of indices. The intensity of focus on evidence-based outcomes, however, has resulted in a paucity of active discussions and research on the core competencies of the therapists themselves. The context of the history of psychedelic research reveals how this neglect of therapist variables occurred. With current discussions of Phase 3 and expanded access research programs for psilocybin-assisted and MDMA-assisted psychotherapies, there will be a great need for competent therapists trained in this clinical specialty. This is particularly the case if less restricted, legal medical use is approved within the next 6 to 10 years. This article is the first review and compilation of psychedelic therapist competencies derived from the psychedelic literature. These six therapist competencies are empathetic abiding presence; trust enhancement; spiritual intelligence; knowledge of the physical and psychological effects of psychedelics; therapist self-awareness and ethical integrity; and proficiency in complementary techniques. A further contribution of this review is a delineation of the 12 fundamental curricular domains of study for the training and development of these therapist competencies. As current legal restrictions evolve, aspects of these training guidelines will develop accordingly.", "journal": "Journal of Humanistic Psychology", "publication_date": "2017-06-28", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1177/0022167817711304", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167817711304", "keywords": "Psychology, Context (archaeology), Psychotherapist, Psilocybin, Neglect, Medical education, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Psychiatry, Biology, Paleontology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2726613221\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":214,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W8783304\",\"https://openalex.org/W19140480\",\"https://openalex.org/W80104796\",\"https://openalex.org/W99126694\",\"https://openalex.org/W258272311\",\"https://openalex.org/W379610197\",\"https://openalex.org/W620866414\",\"https://openalex.org/W625244993\",\"https://openalex.org/W1144621943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1505482934\",\"https://openalex.org/W1514800754\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582590726\",\"https://openalex.org/W1667002192\",\"https://openalex.org/W1718722192\",\"https://openalex.org/W1962432588\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973234849\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981370933\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982006269\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988110304\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989340345\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989796953\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990958891\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992158744\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995573137\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998631480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000909913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001218722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004035372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021749386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023596965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026848644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046759010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050472078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052304994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058609816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074739793\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076176509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084808900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085939592\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090826913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095037755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095390460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095483365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110701839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119694234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143350277\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152721333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163161496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2181040265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2188837941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2221154030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2278944819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2288728465\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328159225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330686105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412432222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2500215372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2522777159\",\"https://openalex.org/W2546598224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2558412547\",\"https://openalex.org/W2559739670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2567289819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2582692487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596244747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971371418\",\"https://openalex.org/W3182623456\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196761093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210842328\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239876012\",\"https://openalex.org/W4240789427\",\"https://openalex.org/W4244738884\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248840134\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249610630\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301064750\",\"https://openalex.org/W4397016792\",\"https://openalex.org/W4402340181\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035094826\",\"display_name\":\"Janis Phelps\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207414187\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Humanistic Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167817711304\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2726613221" }, { "id": 5204, "title": "The Effects of LSD and Psilocin on Anxiety-Related Behaviours in Zebrafish", "normalized_title": "the effects of lsd and psilocin on anxiety related behaviours in zebrafish", "authors": "Anne Walley", "abstract": "Recently there has been a surge in interest in the research of hallucinogens, particularly serotonergic hallucinogens. While some preliminary research has shown some promising applications in the treatment of anxiety, these compounds are still poorly understood, and their reputation as drugs of abuse make clinical research challenging. Zebrafish, a popular model organism for neuropsychopharmacological research, are ideal for the pre-clinical testing needed to explore how serotonergic hallucinogens impact anxiety. LSD has demonstrated anxiolytic effects in zebrafish, however psilocybin has failed to demonstrate comparable effects. In this study we sought to determine if the dephosphorylated metabolite of psilocybin, psilocin, could produce an effect in zebrafish where psilocybin has previously failed. Using the novel tank diving test, fish treated with LSD (100µg/L and 250µg/L) displayed a significant increase in behaviours indicative of low anxiety compared to control fish and fish treated with psilocin, a result consistent with a reduction in anxiety. Fish in the psilocin treatment group (500µg/L and 1000µg/L) did not differ significantly from those in the control group, suggesting that at the doses used, psilocin does not impact zebrafish exploratory behaviour. Further research will be necessary to establish whether higher doses would be effective, or whether zebrafish are not sensitive to the psilocybin/psilocin compounds. While the study did demonstrate the effectiveness of LSD for reducing anxiety-related behaviour, fish treated with psilocin failed to differ significantly from control fish. Discipline: Psychology Honours Faculty Mentor: Dr. Melike Schalomon", "journal": "Student Research Proceedings", "publication_date": "2017-05-14", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://journals.macewan.ca/studentresearch/article/view/1171", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Zebrafish, Serotonergic, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Anxiety, Psychology, Anxiolytic, Pharmacology, Fish, Chemistry, Biology, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Serotonin, Fishery, Gene, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2947028796\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2947028796\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030014636\",\"display_name\":\"Anne Walley\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306531001\",\"source_display_name\":\"Student Research Proceedings\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://journals.macewan.ca/studentresearch/article/view/1171\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2947028796" }, { "id": 2450, "title": "Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Review of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted therapy a review of a novel treatment for psychiatric disorders", "authors": "Thomas K, Malcolm B, Lastra D.", "abstract": "Recent research suggests that functional connectivity changes may be involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Hyperconnectivity in the default mode network has been associated with psychopathology, but psychedelic serotonin agonists like psilocybin may profoundly disrupt these dysfunctional neural network circuits and provide a novel treatment for psychiatric disorders. We have reviewed the current literature to investigate the efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. There were seven clinical trials that investigated psilocybin-assisted therapy as a treatment for psychiatric disorders related to anxiety, depression, and substance use. All trials demonstrated reductions in psychiatric rating scale scores or increased response and remission rates. There were large effect sizes related to improved depression and anxiety symptoms. Psilocybin may also potentially reduce alcohol or tobacco use and increase abstinence rates in addiction, but the benefits of these two trials were less clear due to open-label study designs without statistical analysis. Psilocybin-assisted therapy efficacy and safety appear promising, but more robust clinical trials will be required to support FDA approval and identify the potential role in clinical psychiatry.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-05-07", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2017.1320734", "pubmed_id": "28481178", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2017.1320734", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Remission Induction, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28481178\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5207, "title": "The Development and Regulation of Psychedelic Medicines", "normalized_title": "the development and regulation of psychedelic medicines", "authors": "Jonathan Nash", "abstract": "Psychedelic research into mental disorders is currently re-emerging after a near 40-year morass and appears to offer a new paradigm of treatment for civilians and veterans suffering from mental disorder and/or addiction. \\nThe paper introduces the recent rebirth of psychedelic research at a small number of US and European universities such as Johns Hopkins, New Mexico, Zurich, UCLA, NYU, Imperial College London as well as at non-academic bodies with research into substances such as MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, THC and CBD in marijuana, ketamine, DMT (found in ayahuasca) and ibogaine. The legal impediments to psychedelic research and regulation are discussed including international drug conventions, drug scheduling, medicine regulation and the patent system. The paper considers the controversial nature of the research and its implications which could drive significant medical change through new forms of treatment for mental disorder and addiction.", "journal": "Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)", "publication_date": "2017-04-05", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/31696/1/SLSA.pptx", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ayahuasca, Addiction, MDMA, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2766489148\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2766489148\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103714910\",\"display_name\":\"Jonathan Nash\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306401884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/31696/1/SLSA.pptx\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Veterans", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2766489148" }, { "id": 5208, "title": "Anti-inflammatory effects of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma models", "normalized_title": "anti inflammatory effects of serotonin 5 ht2a receptor activation in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma models", "authors": "Thomas W. Flanagan, Melaine N. Sebastian, Charles D. Nichols", "abstract": "Only recently has the full therapeutic value of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT)] receptor activation begun to be explored. Currently there are two 5-HT2A receptor agonists in human clinical trials for the treatment of depression and obesity. An exciting new therapeutic avenue in which 5-HT2A agonists might be employed is the modulation of inflammation in allergic airways disease. Our lab has previously used an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model to demonstrate that administration of (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI] prior to allergen challenge prevents many of the symptoms of allergic asthma. Here we have utilized a modified protocol to test the effectiveness of (R)-DOI in treating persistent allergic asthma. We demonstrate that administration of (R)-DOI in a chronic model attenuates the elevated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) typically observed in an asthmatic response. We also have probed for the expression of inflammatory markers in the lung and BALF. We concurrently are testing for the impact psilocybin and other tryptamines have on AHR in rodents using our OVA model. Overall our strategy is to develop 5-HT2A receptor agonism as a viable treatment modality against asthma and other inflammatory disorders. Support or Funding Information American Asthma Foundation Scholar Grant Award", "journal": "The FASEB Journal", "publication_date": "2017-03-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.820.4", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.820.4", "keywords": "Ovalbumin, Medicine, Asthma, 5-HT receptor, Serotonin, Immunology, Allergic inflammation, Receptor, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, Immune system, Asthma and respiratory diseases", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:02", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2970574043\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2970574043\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062641633\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas W. Flanagan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062849213\",\"display_name\":\"Melaine N. Sebastian\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062966169\",\"display_name\":\"Charles D. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0646\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S25293849\",\"source_display_name\":\"The FASEB Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.820.4\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Clinical Trial,Inflammation,Immune Function", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2970574043" }, { "id": 2473, "title": "Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies.", "normalized_title": "ayahuasca dimethyltryptamine and psychosis a systematic review of human studies", "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Bouso JC, Hallak JEC.", "abstract": "Ayahuasca is a hallucinogen brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes in Northwestern Amazon. It is rich in the tryptamine hallucinogens dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which acts as a serotonin 5-HT2A agonist. This mechanism of action is similar to other compounds such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. The controlled use of LSD and psilocybin in experimental settings is associated with a low incidence of psychotic episodes, and population studies corroborate these findings. Both the controlled use of DMT in experimental settings and the use of ayahuasca in experimental and ritual settings are not usually associated with psychotic episodes, but little is known regarding ayahuasca or DMT use outside these controlled contexts. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the published case reports describing psychotic episodes associated with ayahuasca and DMT intake. We found three case series and two case reports describing psychotic episodes associated with ayahuasca intake, and three case reports describing psychotic episodes associated with DMT. Several reports describe subjects with a personal and possibly a family history of psychosis (including schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorders, psychotic mania, psychotic depression), nonpsychotic mania, or concomitant use of other drugs. However, some cases also described psychotic episodes in subjects without these previous characteristics. Overall, the incidence of such episodes appears to be rare in both the ritual and the recreational/noncontrolled settings. Performance of a psychiatric screening before administration of these drugs, and other hallucinogens, in controlled settings seems to significantly reduce the possibility of adverse reactions with psychotic symptomatology. Individuals with a personal or family history of any psychotic illness or nonpsychotic mania should avoid hallucinogen intake.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-02-22", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1177/2045125316689030", "pubmed_id": "28540034", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125316689030", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28540034\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Systematic Review,Review Article,Case Report", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2476, "title": "Designer Drugs 2.0.", "normalized_title": "designer drugs 2 0", "authors": "Huestis MA, Tyndale RF.", "abstract": "This \"Designer Drugs 2.0\" issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on novel psychoactive substances, primarily cannabinoids and cathinones, and the repurposing of established psychoactive compounds (e.g., modafinil, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) that simultaneously offer new pharmacotherapies and pose serious health problems. Novel psychoactive substances were initially used as potent tools to investigate endogenous neurotransmitter systems; for example, synthetic cannabinoids have much higher potency than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol at the cannabinoid receptors. However, they are now being used illicitly as well as being tested for their efficacy in numerous clinical indications. Likewise, previously established psychoactive drugs are being repurposed as treatments for a wide variety of indications where currently approved medications are ineffective. This set of papers examines the arising problems associated with designer drugs (e.g., adverse events, psychosis, rapid new synthesis, abuse liability testing, internet sales, scheduling) as well as the potential therapeutic promises in areas as diverse as cognition enhancement, exercise-mimetics, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and posttraumatic stress disorder.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-01-31", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1002/cpt.575", "pubmed_id": "28084644", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.575", "keywords": "Humans, Marijuana Abuse, Cannabinoids, Receptors, Cannabinoid, Psychotropic Drugs, Designer Drugs, Dronabinol, Drug Trafficking", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28084644\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Adverse Events,Abuse Liability", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2045, "title": "Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance.", "normalized_title": "metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin clinical and forensic toxicological relevance", "authors": "Dinis-Oliveira RJ.", "abstract": "Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the \"magic mushrooms\" and both act as agonists or partial agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A subtype receptors. During the last few years, psilocybin and psilocin have gained therapeutic relevance but considerable physiological variability between individuals that can influence dose-response and toxicological profile has been reported. This review aims to discuss metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin, by presenting all major and minor psychoactive metabolites. Psilocybin is primarily a pro-drug that is dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase to active metabolite psilocin. This last is then further metabolized, psilocin-O-glucuronide being the main urinary metabolite with clinical and forensic relevance in diagnosis.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-01-30", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228", "pubmed_id": "28074670", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Prodrugs, Metabolomics, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:01", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28074670\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Metabolomics", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2474, "title": "The fibrinolytic system: A new target for treatment of depression with psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "the fibrinolytic system a new target for treatment of depression with psychedelics", "authors": "Idell RD, Florova G, Komissarov AA, Shetty S, Girard RB, Idell S.", "abstract": "Current understanding of the neurobiology of depression has grown over the past few years beyond the traditional monoamine theory of depression to include chronic stress, inflammation and disrupted synaptic plasticity. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key factor that not only promotes fibrinolysis via the activation of plasminogen, but also contributes to regulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis through plasmin-mediated activation of a probrain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to mature BDNF. ProBDNF activation could potentially be supressed by competition with fibrin for plasmin and tPA. High affinity binding of plasmin and tPA to fibrin could result in a decrease of proBDNF activation during brain inflammation leading to fibrosis further perpetuating depressed mood. There is a paucity of data explaining the possible role of the fibrinolytic system or aberrant extravascular fibrin deposition in depression. We propose that within the brain, an imbalance between tPA and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and neuroserpin favors the inhibitors, resulting in changes in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation that result in depressive behavior. Our hypothesis is that peripheral inflammation mediates neuroinflammation, and that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) can inhibit the fibrinolytic system by up- regulating PAI-1 and potentially neuroserpin. We propose that the decrement of the activity of tPA and uPA occurs with downregulation of uPA in part involving the binding and clearance from the surface of neural cells of uPA/PAI-1 complexes by the urokinase receptor uPAR. We infer that current antidepressants and ketamine mitigate depressive symptoms by restoring the balance of the fibrinolytic system with increased activity of tPA and uPA with down-regulated intracerebral expression of their inhibitors. We lastly hypothesize that psychedelic 5-HT2a receptor agonists, such as psilocybin, can improve mood through anti- inflammatory and pro-fibrinolytic effects that include blockade of TNF-α activity leading to decreased PAI-1 activity and increased clearance. The process involves disinhibition of tPA and uPA with subsequent increased cleavage of proBDNF which promotes neurogenesis, decreased neuroinflammation, decreased fibrin deposition, normalized glial-neuronal cross-talk, and optimally functioning neuro-circuits involved in mood. We propose that psilocybin can alleviate deleterious changes in the brain caused by chronic stress leading to restoration of homeostatic brain fibrinolytic capacity leading to euthymia.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2017-01-22", "publication_year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.013", "pubmed_id": "28236848", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.013", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Ketamine, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Neuropeptides, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serpins, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Fibrinolysis, Models, Theoretical, United States, Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator, Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, Fibrinolysin, Psilocybin, Neuroserpin, Major Depressive Disorder", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28236848\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Receptor Pharmacology,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5220, "title": "Sex Differences in Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Mediation of LSD Discrimination in Rats", "normalized_title": "sex differences in serotonergic and dopaminergic mediation of lsd discrimination in rats", "authors": "Keli A. Herr", "abstract": "After decades of opposition, a resurgence of interest in the psychotherapeutic potential of LSD is gaining acceptance in the medical community. Future acceptance of LSD as a psychotherapeutic adjuvant may be predicated on knowledge about its neural mechanisms of action. Preclinical drug discrimination assay offers an invaluable model to determine the neural mechanisms underlying LSD’s interoceptive stimulus effects. Unfortunately, current preclinical literature on LSD discrimination is based on results obtained exclusively in male subjects. The present study represents the first known preclinical assessment of possible sex differences in the discriminative stimulus effects of LSD.\\nAdult female (n=8) and male (n=8) Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate 0.08 mg/kg LSD from saline under a fixed ratio 20 schedule of food reinforcement. Once discrimination was established, substitution tests were conducted with other hallucinogens (mescaline, DOM, psilocybin), mixed psychedelic-stimulants (MDMA, (+)-MDMA, (-)-MDMA, (+)-MDA, (-)-MDA), synthetic cathinones (MDPV, mephedrone) and psychostimulants (cocaine, amphetamine). Antagonist tests were conducted with serotoninergic antagonists (WAY100,635, MDL100,907, pirenperone) and dopaminergic antagonists (haloperidol, SCH23390).\\nStimulus substitution results indicate higher levels of LSD-substitution with other serotonergic hallucinogens in females compared to males and some evidence for sex differences in the level of partial substitution by synthetic cathinones and the enantiomers of MDMA and MDA. Specifically, greater partial substitution was observed with (±)-MDMA, (+)MDMA, and (+)-MDA, in males and greater partial substitution was observed with (-)-MDMA, (-)-MDA, MDPV, and 4-MMC in females. Dopamine antagonists failed to block LSD in either males or females, but had stronger rate suppressant effects in males. The 5-HT2A antagonist, MDL100,907 blocked LSD discrimination in both males and females, although complete blockade was evident at lower doses in males. These results suggest the relative contribution of serotonergic versus dopaminergic activity to the LSD cue varies between males and females. These findings may be informative for future investigations with human populations regarding possible sex differences in the subjective effects of LSD.", "journal": "ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)", "publication_date": "2016-12-31", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/3170", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Dopaminergic, Psychology, Mediation, Neuroscience, Developmental psychology, Medicine, Serotonin, Dopamine, Internal medicine, Sociology, Social science, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2768830310\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2768830310\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W207839275\",\"https://openalex.org/W656841880\",\"https://openalex.org/W1144621943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1903518157\",\"https://openalex.org/W1954987504\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967653523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973003238\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992795970\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993087404\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005206874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014849557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019656624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019663762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031544765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037250268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038588928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042469037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054025907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056798740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057298190\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063339016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067115675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072163776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074577073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074861223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076831155\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076920165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080090679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085539182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091608595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093210784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113573149\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118100568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149463687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2232868506\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279719644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2309497242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316558508\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409801431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2488487073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2508048853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528752100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2547918114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2551050667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2943654841\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071053861\",\"display_name\":\"Keli A. Herr\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196527\",\"source_display_name\":\"ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/3170\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2768830310" }, { "id": 5216, "title": "Psychedelics as change agents in addiction and mood disorders.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as change agents in addiction and mood disorders", "authors": "Albert Garcia-Romeu", "abstract": "Research on psychedelics has generated renewed interest over the past decade. Recent pilot studies have shown safety and feasibility of psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic, as a therapeutic tool for treating mood and substance use disorders, including tobacco and alcohol addiction. Findings from laboratory research indicate that psychedelics, when administered in a supportive setting, can occasion profound changes in mood, behaviors, and attitudes consistent with enhanced health and well-being. In combination with structured treatment, these substances have the potential to confer long-lasting benefits to carefully screened and well prepared individuals, with limited adverse effects. Preliminary evidence indicates that mystical-type drug effects may be associated with therapeutic outcomes in psilocybin-facilitated addiction treatment, consistent with earlier researchers’ assertions that the subjective effects of psychedelics play a pivotal role in mediating persisting positive drug effects. Psychological insight, changes in personality, changes in beliefs and values, increased motivation, and enhanced self-efficacy are among the factors hypothesized to contribute to efficacy of psychedelic-facilitated treatments. Novel neuroimaging data as well as qualitative investigations have provided additional insights into the potential therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics. His presentation focusses on contemporary clinical research with psilocybin, and present key methodological issues in working with psychedelics, as well as highlighting important clinical considerations in studying psychedelics as a therapeutic tool.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-12-31", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/29118/", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Addiction, Mood, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Clinical psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2805577811\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2805577811\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/29118/\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Wellbeing,Personality Change,Mystical Experience,Safety", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2805577811" }, { "id": 2419, "title": "Clinical potential of psilocybin as a treatment for mental health conditions.", "normalized_title": "clinical potential of psilocybin as a treatment for mental health conditions", "authors": "Daniel J, Haberman M.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, is a chemical produced by more than 100 species of mushrooms worldwide. It has high affinity for several serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C, located in numerous areas of the brain, including the cerebral cortex and thalamus. With legislation introduced in 1992, more work is being done to further understand the implications of psilocybin use in a number of disease states. Certain mental health disease states and symptoms have been studied, including depressed mood, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and tobacco use disorder. This article provides an in-depth review of the study design and results of psilocybin in each of these conditions and discusses the clinical potential for use.", "journal": "Mental Health Clinician", "publication_date": "2016-12-31", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.9740/mhc.2017.01.024", "pubmed_id": "29955494", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2017.01.024", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"29955494\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2567379065\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2567379065\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":78,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1965925823\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982006269\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065164655\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059175001\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Daniel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-410X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090815404\",\"display_name\":\"Margaret Haberman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-2295\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210208161\",\"source_display_name\":\"Mental Health Clinician\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2017.01.024\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2567379065" }, { "id": 2477, "title": "Psychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics as medicines an emerging new paradigm", "authors": "Nichols DE, Johnson MW, Nichols CD.", "abstract": "Scientific interest in serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin and LSD; 5-HT2A receptor agonists) has dramatically increased within the last decade. Clinical studies administering psychedelics with psychotherapy have shown preliminary evidence of robust efficacy in treating anxiety and depression, as well as addiction to tobacco and alcohol. Moreover, recent research has suggested that these compounds have potential efficacy against inflammatory diseases through novel mechanisms, with potential advantages over existing antiinflammatory agents. We propose that psychedelics exert therapeutic effects for psychiatric disorders by acutely destabilizing local brain network hubs and global network connectivity via amplification of neuronal avalanches, providing the occasion for brain network \"resetting\" after the acute effects have resolved. Antiinflammatory effects may hold promise for efficacy in treatment of inflammation-related nonpsychiatric as well as potentially for psychiatric disorders. Serotonergic psychedelics operate through unique mechanisms that show promising effects for a variety of intractable, debilitating, and lethal disorders, and should be rigorously researched.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-12-25", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1002/cpt.557", "pubmed_id": "28019026", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.557", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Inflammation, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Inflammation Mediators, Severity of Illness Index, Depression, Anxiety, Mental Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychotherapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Clinical Trials as Topic, Mind-Body Therapies, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28019026\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Inflammation", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5226, "title": "Tripping up addiction: the use of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of problematic drug and alcohol use", "normalized_title": "tripping up addiction the use of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of problematic drug and alcohol use", "authors": "Celia J. A. Morgan, Amy McAndrew, Tobias Stevens, David Nutt, Will Lawn", "abstract": "", "journal": "Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences", "publication_date": "2016-11-14", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.10.009", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.10.009", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, MDMA, Addiction, Dissociative, Ayahuasca, Serotonergic, Drug, Psychology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Psychiatry, Sociology, Anthropology, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2557014604\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2557014604\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":40,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W574241\",\"https://openalex.org/W23338358\",\"https://openalex.org/W608748551\",\"https://openalex.org/W1510556999\",\"https://openalex.org/W1961364466\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977688928\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981097208\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982358973\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983799144\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990140024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995781141\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001298144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012159028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026484120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033919519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038460090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039637101\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044325416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2049022403\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052182674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054507715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056114002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078153416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089351762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090037933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093540347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096058212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098185806\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101808966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111920357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130775826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140951382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154766235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164761760\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166454909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166563700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168575143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2336389811\",\"https://openalex.org/W2341144630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2897080393\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4320800338\",\"https://openalex.org/W6600951756\",\"https://openalex.org/W6674393862\",\"https://openalex.org/W6704352412\",\"https://openalex.org/W6725266695\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058235132\",\"display_name\":\"Celia J. A. Morgan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8858-4906\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046415980\",\"display_name\":\"Amy McAndrew\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-3257\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045938022\",\"display_name\":\"Tobias Stevens\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101507504\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-9411\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5084374822\",\"display_name\":\"Will Lawn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-2724\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764598273\",\"source_display_name\":\"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.10.009\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2557014604" }, { "id": 2499, "title": "Classical hallucinogens and neuroimaging: A systematic review of human studies: Hallucinogens and neuroimaging.", "normalized_title": "classical hallucinogens and neuroimaging a systematic review of human studies hallucinogens and neuroimaging", "authors": "Dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC.", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens produce alterations of perceptions, mood, and cognition, and have anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antiaddictive properties. These drugs act as agonists of frontocortical 5-HT2A receptors, but the neural basis of their effects are not well understood. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies analyzing the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens in man. Studies published in the PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases until 12 April 2016 were included using the following keywords: \"ayahuasca\", \"DMT\", \"psilocybin\", \"LSD\", \"mescaline\" crossed one by one with the terms \"mri\", \"fmri\", \"pet\", \"spect\", \"imaging\" and \"neuroimaging\". Of 279 studies identified, 25 were included. Acute effects included excitation of frontolateral/frontomedial cortex, medial temporal lobe, and occipital cortex, and inhibition of the default mode network. Long-term use was associated with thinning of the posterior cingulate cortex, thickening of the anterior cingulate cortex, and decreased neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding. Despite the high methodological heterogeneity and the small sample sizes, the results suggest that hallucinogens increase introspection and positive mood by modulating brain activity in the fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital cortex.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-10-30", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.026", "pubmed_id": "27810345", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.026", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Male, Neuroimaging, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27810345\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Systematic Review,Review Article", "study_type": "Systematic Review", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2481, "title": "Role of psilocybin in the treatment of depression.", "normalized_title": "role of psilocybin in the treatment of depression", "authors": "Mahapatra A, Gupta R.", "abstract": "Psilocybin is a naturally occurring alkaloid, pharmacologically similar to the classic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Although primarily used as a recreational drug or an entheogen in particular cultural settings, recent population based studies have shown that it does not lead to serious physical or mental health problems or dependent use. In view of recent work demonstrating psilocybin's potential to increase subjective sense of wellbeing and because of its novel mechanism of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonism, it is being explored for possible therapeutic utility in mood and anxiety disorders.", "journal": "Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-10-26", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1177/2045125316676092", "pubmed_id": "28101325", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125316676092", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"28101325\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2542493272\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":37,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W193655439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060307846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066231855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080744486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097999899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419844652\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252587084\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061717446\",\"display_name\":\"Ananya Mahapatra\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-1762\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101460226\",\"display_name\":\"Rishi Gupta\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1505-2498\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2765027927\",\"source_display_name\":\"Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125316676092\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Wellbeing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2542493272" }, { "id": 5227, "title": "Development of a Psychotherapeutic Model for Psilocybin-Assisted Treatment of Alcoholism", "normalized_title": "development of a psychotherapeutic model for psilocybin assisted treatment of alcoholism", "authors": "Michael P. Bogenschutz, Alyssa A. Forcehimes", "abstract": "Research activity on the potential clinical value of classic hallucinogens and other psychedelics has increased markedly in the past two decades, and promises to continue to expand. Experimental study of hallucinogen-assisted treatment, and any future clinical use, requires the development of psychotherapeutic models that are appropriate to the disorder being treated and effectively integrated with the pharmacologic component of the treatment. To provide a framework for thinking about possible treatment models, we provide an overview of the history of psychedelic-assisted treatment, review what is known about the therapeutic mechanisms of these treatments, and consider the various purposes of psychotherapy in the context of both research and clinical use of psychedelic-assisted treatment. We then provide a description of a therapy model we have developed and are currently using in a trial of psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcoholism. Finally, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of a range of alternative models, emphasizing the need for research to determine the most effective treatment models for any indications for which efficacy becomes established.", "journal": "Journal of Humanistic Psychology", "publication_date": "2016-10-15", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1177/0022167816673493", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816673493", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotherapist, Hallucinogen, Context (archaeology), Psychology, Clinical trial, Medicine, Psychiatry, Biology, Paleontology, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2537388000\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":96,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W109922458\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W621567176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1490424065\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607220101\",\"https://openalex.org/W1797327965\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1957998952\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963662807\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963722081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968488639\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978032191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984534015\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989086727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000909913\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001298144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010129474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011293350\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012159028\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018267671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024274950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031398681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035068440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056852922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061221064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068852619\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079490870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082206299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082483310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088140721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090179920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093323137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096058212\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108556733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116852450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117864279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119144746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120356707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121345197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129977009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133559478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134107246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154766235\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170596036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2315561580\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319975253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320275590\",\"https://openalex.org/W2328159225\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2361945527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408251447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413044490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419156332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2422079377\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196761093\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231635321\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243284554\",\"https://openalex.org/W4243894589\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248840134\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255807345\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255974008\",\"https://openalex.org/W4301522671\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075574900\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa A. Forcehimes\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207414187\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Humanistic Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816673493\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2537388000" }, { "id": 5229, "title": "Psilocybin-induced psychosis in humans and in rats − translational quantitative EEG study", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced psychosis in humans and in rats translational quantitative eeg study", "authors": "Filip Tylš, Čestmír Vejmola, Michaela Viktorinová, L. Kadeřábek, Tomáš Páleníček", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-09-30", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31133-6", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31133-6", "keywords": "Dopaminergic, Taste, Taste aversion, Prefrontal cortex, Neuroscience, Anhedonia, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Dopamine, Psychology, Latent inhibition, Dopamine receptor, Associative learning, Chemistry, Conditioning, Classical conditioning, Cognition, Mathematics, Mineralogy, Statistics, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2541838945\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2541838945\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009033234\",\"display_name\":\"Čestmír Vejmola\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-5978\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018960269\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Viktorinová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5793\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074167242\",\"display_name\":\"L. Kadeřábek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31133-6\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2541838945" }, { "id": 5228, "title": "Psilocybin-induced decrease in amygdala-putamen coupling during an event-related face discrimination task", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced decrease in amygdala putamen coupling during an event related face discrimination task", "authors": "O. Grimm, Rainer Krähenmann, Katrin H. Preller, Erich Seifritz, F.X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-09-30", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31070-7", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31070-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychotomimetic, Serotonergic, Neuroscience, Amygdala, Psychology, Medicine, Cognitive psychology, Psychiatry, Serotonin, NMDA receptor, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2545855757\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2545855757\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037306868\",\"display_name\":\"O. Grimm\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-0301\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113153562\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Krähenmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31070-7\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2545855757" }, { "id": 5231, "title": "Psilocybin as an alternative medicine for patients suffering from depression", "normalized_title": "psilocybin as an alternative medicine for patients suffering from depression", "authors": "Karolina Dydak, Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń, Halina Milnerowicz", "abstract": "Psylocybina jest substancją psychodysleptyczną pochodzenia naturalnego, występuje w grzybach rodzaju Psilocybe. Psychodysleptyki są środkami psychoaktywnymi, które silnie wpływają na percepcję, nastrój i procesy poznawcze człowieka. Psychodeliczne działanie psylocybiny opiera się na pobudzaniu receptorów serotoninergicznych, co prowadzi do wzrostu stężenia serotoniny w mózgu oraz przyczynia się do intensyfikacji czynności sensomotorycznych i percepcyjnych. Skutkiem działania psylocybiny na ludzki organizm są różne zmiany w zachowaniu - często stany euforyczne, rozweselenie, poczucie lekkości i jedności z otaczającym światem. Dodatkowo psylocybina powoduje modyfikację percepcji nieudającą rzeczywistości, często błędnie określaną mianem halucynacji. Działanie psylocybiny można porównać do działania LSD (dietyloamidu kwasu D-lizergowego), jednak wielokrotnie osłabionego. Psylocybina znajduje się w wykazie środków odurzających w grupie I-P, czyli substancji bez zastosowań medycznych i o dużym potencjale nadużywania, które są wyłączone z obrotu farmaceutycznego i mogą być używane wyłącznie do badań naukowych. Jednak właściwości psylocybiny pozwalają rozważać jej wykorzystanie w lecznictwie. Do schorzeń, w których zastosowanie tej substancji przynosi wymierne efekty, należy depresja. Badania prowadzone na ochotnikach dowodzą, że psylocybina może być dobrą alternatywą dla dostępnych obecnie leków przeciwdepresyjnych - wykazano jej skuteczność i potwierdzono bardzo niską toksyczność.", "journal": "Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna", "publication_date": "2016-09-29", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.15557/pipk.2016.0023", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2016.0023", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Depression (economics), Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Hallucinogen, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Diverse academic research themes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2572466674\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2572466674\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W656456106\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982429022\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130119797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411718298\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023997309\",\"display_name\":\"Karolina Dydak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-5710\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5088121399\",\"display_name\":\"Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-1013\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040587198\",\"display_name\":\"Halina Milnerowicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9852\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2739126905\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2016.0023\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2572466674" }, { "id": 5232, "title": "Psychedelic Psychotherapy: Insights From 25 Years of Research", "normalized_title": "psychedelic psychotherapy insights from 25 years of research", "authors": "William A. Richards", "abstract": "Presented at a conference titled “Psychedelic Science 2013,” highlighting the resumption of investigations with psychedelic substances (i.e., psilocybin, DMT, LSD, MMDA, etc.) in the United States and Europe after a dormant period of more than two decades, the author presents insights and perspectives gleaned from his 25 years of clinical research experience. After acknowledging the vastness and potential significance of this research frontier, the article focuses on the “cartography of inner space”; the unique therapeutic potential of transcendental states of consciousness; the entelechy of the interpersonally grounded psyche; the importance of integration in drug-free therapy sessions; the roles of expectation, religious education and faith; the role of music; and future research directions.", "journal": "Journal of Humanistic Psychology", "publication_date": "2016-09-28", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1177/0022167816670996", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816670996", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Consciousness, Psyche, Transpersonal psychology, Transcendental number, Faith, Psychoanalysis, Telepathy, Altered state, Epistemology, Medicine, Alternative medicine, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Philosophy, Neuroscience, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2525190545\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2525190545\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":68,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W386615954\",\"https://openalex.org/W590562356\",\"https://openalex.org/W1604120739\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003879236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033047816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044788246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053764826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063166841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073011119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089149909\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330686105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596244747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2740713369\",\"https://openalex.org/W2752714680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2753533763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2971371418\",\"https://openalex.org/W3026821888\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249610630\",\"https://openalex.org/W4312561236\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039889194\",\"display_name\":\"William A. Richards\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-9249\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207414187\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Humanistic Psychology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816670996\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2525190545" }, { "id": 2478, "title": "Psilocybin for treating substance use disorders?", "normalized_title": "psilocybin for treating substance use disorders", "authors": "de Veen BT, Schellekens AF, Verheij MM, Homberg JR.", "abstract": "IntroductionEvidence based treatment for Substance use disorders (SUD) includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. However, these are only partially effective. Hallucinogens, such as psilocybin, may represent potential new treatment options for SUD. This review provides a summary of (human) studies on the putative therapeutic effects of psilocybin, and discusses the receptor systems, brain regions and cognitive and emotional processes mediating psilocybin's effects. Psilocybin's chemical structure is similar to that of serotonin. Dysregulations in the serotonin system are associated with alterations in stress hormones, such as cortisol, and mood disorders. After psilocybin administration cortisol levels spike and activate the executive control network, with subsequent increased control over emotional processes, and relief of negative thinking and persistent negative emotions. Preliminary data of ongoing alcohol and smoking addiction studies in humans shows promising effects of psilocybin administration on substance use. Importantly, psilocybin has a low risk of toxicity and dependence and can be used safely under controlled clinical conditions. Areas covered: This paper is a narrative review based on the search terms: psilocybin, substance use disorder, addiction, depression, serotonin. Literature on potential efficacy and mechanisms of action of psilocybin in SUD is discussed. Expert commentary: Recent positive findings with psilocybin need confirmation in well-designed placebo controlled randomized trials employing a large sample size.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-08-11", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1080/14737175.2016.1220834", "pubmed_id": "27684102", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2016.1220834", "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Hallucinogens, Depression, Emotions, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:04", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27684102\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2485, "title": "Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation.", "normalized_title": "long term follow up of psilocybin facilitated smoking cessation", "authors": "Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR.", "abstract": "BackgroundA recent open-label pilot study (N = 15) found that two to three moderate to high doses (20 and 30 mg/70 kg) of the serotonin 2A receptor agonist, psilocybin, in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation, resulted in substantially higher 6-month smoking abstinence rates than are typically observed with other medications or CBT alone.ObjectivesTo assess long-term effects of a psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation program at ≥12 months after psilocybin administration.MethodsThe present report describes biologically verified smoking abstinence outcomes of the previous pilot study at ≥12 months, and related data on subjective effects of psilocybin.ResultsAll 15 participants completed a 12-month follow-up, and 12 (80%) returned for a long-term (≥16 months) follow-up, with a mean interval of 30 months (range = 16-57 months) between target-quit date (i.e., first psilocybin session) and long-term follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, 10 participants (67%) were confirmed as smoking abstinent. At long-term follow-up, nine participants (60%) were confirmed as smoking abstinent. At 12-month follow-up 13 participants (86.7%) rated their psilocybin experiences among the five most personally meaningful and spiritually significant experiences of their lives.ConclusionThese results suggest that in the context of a structured treatment program, psilocybin holds considerable promise in promoting long-term smoking abstinence. The present study adds to recent and historical evidence suggesting high success rates when using classic psychedelics in the treatment of addiction. Further research investigating psilocybin-facilitated treatment of substance use disorders is warranted.", "journal": "The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse", "publication_date": "2016-07-20", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.3109/00952990.2016.1170135", "pubmed_id": "27441452", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2016.1170135", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Pilot Projects, Smoking Cessation, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27441452\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2506717582\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":701,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1475474724\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983911930\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013762461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024490100\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025267048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025716661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046087798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051572188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065987376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070626685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078129420\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091372286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139280107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140013897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166410674\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340085151\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S162477232\",\"source_display_name\":\"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2016.1170135\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Spirituality", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2506717582" }, { "id": 2507, "title": "Naltrexone but Not Ketanserin Antagonizes the Subjective, Cardiovascular, and Neuroendocrine Effects of Salvinorin-A in Humans.", "normalized_title": "naltrexone but not ketanserin antagonizes the subjective cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects of salvinorin a in humans", "authors": "Maqueda AE, Valle M, Addy PH, Antonijoan RM, Puntes M, Coimbra J, Ballester MR, Garrido M, González M, Claramunt J, Barker S, Lomnicka I, Waguespack M, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Riba J.", "abstract": "BackgroundSalvinorin-A is a terpene found in the leaves of the plant Salvia divinorum. When administered to humans, salvinorin-A induces an intense but short-lasting modified state of awareness, sharing features with those induced by the classical serotonin-2A receptor agonist psychedelics. However, unlike substances such as psilocybin or mescaline, salvinorin-A shows agonist activity at the kappa-opioid receptor rather than at the serotonin-2A receptor. Here, we assessed the involvement of kappa-opioid receptor and serotonin-2A agonism in the subjective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine effects of salvinorin-A in humans.MethodsWe conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study with 2 groups of 12 healthy volunteers with experience with psychedelic drugs. There were 4 experimental sessions. In group 1, participants received the following treatment combinations: placebo+placebo, placebo+salvinorin-A, naltrexone+placebo, and naltrexone+salvinorin-A. Naltrexone, a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist, was administered at a dose of 50mg orally. In group 2, participants received the treatment combinations: placebo+placebo, placebo+salvinorin-A, ketanserin+placebo, and ketanserin+salvinorin-A. Ketanserin, a selective serotonin-2A antagonist, was administered at a dose of 40mg orally.ResultsInhalation of 1mg of vaporized salvinorin-A led to maximum plasma concentrations at 1 and 2 minutes after dosing. When administered alone, salvinorin-A severely reduced external sensory perception and induced intense visual and auditory modifications, increased systolic blood pressure, and cortisol and prolactin release. These effects were effectively blocked by naltrexone, but not by ketanserin.ConclusionsResults support kappa opioid receptor agonism as the mechanism of action underlying the subjective and physiological effects of salvinorin-A in humans and rule out the involvement of a serotonin-2A-mediated mechanism.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-07-04", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyw016", "pubmed_id": "26874330", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw016", "keywords": "Humans, Diterpenes, Clerodane, Naltrexone, Ketanserin, Hydrocortisone, Prolactin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Narcotic Antagonists, Double-Blind Method, Perception, Blood Pressure, Drug Interactions, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26874330\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2299277295\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2299277295\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":31,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1872197089\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981073133\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988808332\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990568056\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990596751\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992094129\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992914052\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005643237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006215870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008523312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029197384\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050166569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056382948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062249187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066049912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066481312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067020336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068110425\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081452182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083661078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087536428\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095299275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101693074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104650852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108609891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110432917\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113499211\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118617956\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122967709\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129143684\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133672910\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135563104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147271251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148208755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154543554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168830964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2270666457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297134680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2528743862\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W6728006180\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075535645\",\"display_name\":\"Ana Maqueda\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018617121\",\"display_name\":\"Marta Valle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-251X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5027824996\",\"display_name\":\"Peter H. Addy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070763532\",\"display_name\":\"Rosa María Antonijoan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113962238\",\"display_name\":\"Montserrat Puntes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034377634\",\"display_name\":\"Jimena Coimbra\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043190410\",\"display_name\":\"María Rosa Ballester\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-9558\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078216766\",\"display_name\":\"Maite Garrido\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042580068\",\"display_name\":\"M. J. González\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029374524\",\"display_name\":\"Judit Claramunt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111877567\",\"display_name\":\"Steven A. Barker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-3496\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032680919\",\"display_name\":\"Izabela Lomnicka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009932824\",\"display_name\":\"Marian Waguespack\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041566460\",\"display_name\":\"Jordi Riba\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-8421\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw016\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2299277295" }, { "id": 2508, "title": "Antidepressant, Antipsychotic, and Hallucinogen Drugs for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Convergence at the Serotonin-2A Receptor.", "normalized_title": "antidepressant antipsychotic and hallucinogen drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders a convergence at the serotonin 2a receptor", "authors": "Howland RH.", "abstract": "Antidepressant, atypical antipsychotic, and hallucinogen drugs mediate their actions in part by interactions with the serotonin-2A (5HT2A) receptor. Serotonergic hallucinogen drugs, such as psilocybin, bind most potently as agonists at the 5HT2A receptor, producing profound changes in perception, mood, and cognition. Some of these drugs have been or are currently being investigated in small Phase 2 studies for depression, alcoholism, smoking cessation, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. However, unlike the synergistic effects of combining antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic drugs, the potential therapeutic effects of hallucinogen drugs may be attenuated by the concurrent use of these medications because antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic drugs desensitize and/or down-regulate 5HT2A receptors. This finding has important implications for optimizing the potential therapeutic use of hallucinogen drugs in psychiatry. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 54(7), 21-24.].", "journal": "Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services", "publication_date": "2016-06-30", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.3928/02793695-20160616-09", "pubmed_id": "27362381", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20160616-09", "keywords": "Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Antipsychotic Agents, Hallucinogens, Antidepressive Agents, Mental Disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27362381\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2470545286\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2470545286\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":22,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1822227732\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986484493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998648170\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043855378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067956201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078389180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083894864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087877032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088140721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149634179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334295439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2416665044\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022130020\",\"display_name\":\"Robert H. Howland\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-6010\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S31827231\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20160616-09\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,PTSD,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2470545286" }, { "id": 2046, "title": "ChemInform Abstract: Observations Concerning the Synthesis of Tryptamine Homologues and Branched Tryptamine Derivatives via the Borrowing Hydrogen Process: Synthesis of Psilocin, Bufotenin, and Serotonin.", "normalized_title": "cheminform abstract observations concerning the synthesis of tryptamine homologues and branched tryptamine derivatives via the borrowing hydrogen process synthesis of psilocin bufotenin and serotonin", "authors": "Bartolucci Silvia, Mari Michele, Di Gregorio Giovanni, Piersanti Giovanni", "abstract": "AbstractThe selective indole alkylation reaction applying the Ir-catalyzed-borrowing hydrogen methodology and using amino alcohols (II), (V), (VII) as suitable nitrogen-containing electrophiles is reported.", "journal": "ChemInform", "publication_date": "2016-06-30", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1002/chin.201633131", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201633131", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:21:33", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.1002/chin.201633131\",\"reference_dois\":[\"10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.007\"],\"reference_count\":1}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2949076500" }, { "id": 2048, "title": "Sex differences and serotonergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of psilocin.", "normalized_title": "sex differences and serotonergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of psilocin", "authors": "Tylš F, Páleníček T, Kadeřábek L, Lipski M, Kubešová A, Horáček J.", "abstract": "Psilocybin has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a clinical research and therapeutic tool. The aim of this paper is to bridge two major knowledge gaps regarding its behavioural pharmacology - sex differences and the underlying receptor mechanisms. We used psilocin (0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg), an active metabolite of psilocybin, in two behavioural paradigms - the open-field test and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reaction. Sex differences were evaluated with respect to the phase of the female cycle. The contribution of serotonin receptors in the behavioural action was tested in male rats with selective serotonin receptor antagonists: 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY100635 1 mg/kg), 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (MDL100907 0.5 mg/kg), 5-HT2B receptor antagonist (SB215505 1 mg/kg) and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (SB242084 1 mg/kg). Psilocin induced dose-dependent inhibition of locomotion and suppression of normal behaviour in rats (behavioural serotonin syndrome, impaired PPI). The effects were more pronounced in male rats than in females. The inhibition of locomotion was normalized by 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B/C antagonists; however, PPI was not affected significantly by these antagonists. Our findings highlight an important issue of sex-specific reactions to psilocin and that apart from 5-HT2A-mediated effects 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C/B receptors also play an important role. These findings have implications for recent clinical trials.", "journal": "Behavioural Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-05-31", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1097/fbp.0000000000000198", "pubmed_id": "26461483", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000198", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Serotonin, Receptors, Serotonin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Sex Factors, Estrous Cycle, Locomotion, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Male, Reflex, Startle, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26461483\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2318447563\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":86,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W41008617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844018320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1893475387\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963983750\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964473837\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966051646\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972349079\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972622243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983350514\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984304181\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986543617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988081587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989168929\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993266955\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993648598\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995716681\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003424951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005023389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007011615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007728462\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009464577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009632756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016770736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021349846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021958736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022404244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023770434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038620688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042469037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057313063\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058340335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058566133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058567736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059800315\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060487112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061239557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061257044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061601865\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061743666\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072942450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073997074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074926791\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075241114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081487441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085073153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085564728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089210700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091397797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092726363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094053695\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095356255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099797657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100987476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103517742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113674682\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115526051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129576675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136830997\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149463687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158239158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165194242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167955809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2261115999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2295428705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312932653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324554653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409536169\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409801431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2436075536\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6638985061\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714262990\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714681351\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074167242\",\"display_name\":\"L. Kadeřábek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047897050\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Lipski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067625805\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Kubešová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S9181514\",\"source_display_name\":\"Behavioural Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000198\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2318447563" }, { "id": 5238, "title": "PM506. Psilocybin Clinical Trial: Acute Effects and its relationship to the brain activity as measured by quantitative EEG", "normalized_title": "pm506 psilocybin clinical trial acute effects and its relationship to the brain activity as measured by quantitative eeg", "authors": "Filip Tylš, Michaela Viktorinová, Dominika Prokopcova, Jakub Korčák, Renata Androvičová, Martin Brunovský, Jiřı́ Horáček", "abstract": "Objective: Schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus than the general population, and even first-episode, drug-naive (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia have shown a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than the general population. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance after glucose loading, and to examine the relationship between IGT and clinical phenotypes or cognitive deficits in FEND patients with schizophrenia among a Han Chinese population. Method: 175 inpatients meeting DSM-IV schizophrenia criteria were compared with 31 healthy controls on anthropometric measures and fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin and lipids. They were also compared using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Neurocognitive functioning was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: Among the patients, 24.5% had IGT, compared to none of the healthy controls. Also, the patients had significantly higher levels of fasting glucose and two-hour glucose, and were more insulin resistant as measured with HOMA. Compared to those patients without IGT, the IGT patients were older, had a later age of schizophrenia onset, higher waist or hip circumference and BMI, higher levels of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides and higher insulin resistance. Furthermore, IGT patients had higher PANSS total and negative symptom subscale scores, but no greater cognitive impairment except on the emotional intelligence index of the MCCB. Conclusions: More IGT occurs in FEDN patients with schizophrenia than controls, and is associated with demographic and anthropometric parameters, as well as with clinical symptoms but minimally with cognitive impairment, suggesting that abnormal glucose metabolism may be associated with clinical symptoms but not with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia during the early phases of the disease.", "journal": "The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-05-26", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1093/ijnp/pyw041.506", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw041.506", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Electroencephalography, Neuroscience, Psychology, Brain activity and meditation, Clinical trial, Medicine, Audiology, Hallucinogen, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3095530399\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3095530399\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":10,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018960269\",\"display_name\":\"Michaela Viktorinová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5793\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040600624\",\"display_name\":\"Dominika Prokopcova\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5011043226\",\"display_name\":\"Jakub Korčák\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-4736\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049065698\",\"display_name\":\"Renata Androvičová\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-0891\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S199972112\",\"source_display_name\":\"The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw041.506\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Clinical Trial", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3095530399" }, { "id": 2506, "title": "Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens", "authors": "Rickli A, Moning OD, Hoener MC, Liechti ME.", "abstract": "The present study investigated interactions between the novel psychoactive tryptamines DiPT, 4-OH-DiPT, 4-OH-MET, 5-MeO-AMT, and 5-MeO-MiPT at monoamine receptors and transporters compared with the classic hallucinogens lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and mescaline. We investigated binding affinities at human monoamine receptors and determined functional serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor activation. Binding at and the inhibition of human monoamine uptake transporters and transporter-mediated monoamine release were also determined. All of the novel tryptamines interacted with 5-HT2A receptors and were partial or full 5-HT2A agonists. Binding affinity to the 5-HT2A receptor was lower for all of the tryptamines, including psilocin and DMT, compared with LSD and correlated with the reported psychoactive doses in humans. Several tryptamines, including psilocin, DMT, DiPT, 4-OH-DiPT, and 4-OH-MET, interacted with the serotonin transporter and partially the norepinephrine transporter, similar to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine but in contrast to LSD and mescaline. LSD but not the tryptamines interacted with adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. In conclusion, the receptor interaction profiles of the tryptamines predict hallucinogenic effects that are similar to classic serotonergic hallucinogens but also MDMA-like psychoactive properties.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-05-19", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001", "pubmed_id": "27216487", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001", "keywords": "NIH 3T3 Cells, Animals, Humans, Mice, Biogenic Monoamines, Tryptamines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Recombinant Proteins, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Ligands, Radioligand Assay, Cell Survival, Molecular Structure, Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics, Membrane Transport Modulators, Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins, HEK293 Cells, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27216487\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2511, "title": "Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin with psychological support for treatment resistant depression an open label feasibility study", "authors": "Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, Day CM, Erritzoe D, Kaelen M, Bloomfield M, Rickard JA, Forbes B, Feilding A, Taylor D, Pilling S, Curran VH, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "BackgroundPsilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist that occurs naturally in some mushroom species. Recent studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for various conditions, including end-of-life anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and smoking and alcohol dependence, with promising preliminary results. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psilocybin in patients with unipolar treatment-resistant depression.MethodsIn this open-label feasibility trial, 12 patients (six men, six women) with moderate-to-severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 mg and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. There was no control group. Psychological support was provided before, during, and after each session. The primary outcome measure for feasibility was patient-reported intensity of psilocybin's effects. Patients were monitored for adverse reactions during the dosing sessions and subsequent clinic and remote follow-up. Depressive symptoms were assessed with standard assessments from 1 week to 3 months after treatment, with the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) serving as the primary efficacy outcome. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN14426797.FindingsPsilocybin's acute psychedelic effects typically became detectable 30-60 min after dosing, peaked 2-3 h after dosing, and subsided to negligible levels at least 6 h after dosing. Mean self-rated intensity (on a 0-1 scale) was 0·51 (SD0·36) for the low-dose session and 0·75 (SD0·27) for the high-dose session. Psilocybin was well tolerated by all of the patients, and no serious or unexpected adverse events occurred. The adverse reactions we noted were transient anxiety during drug onset (all patients), transient confusion or thought disorder (nine patients), mild and transient nausea (four patients), and transient headache (four patients). Relative to baseline, depressive symptoms were markedly reduced 1 week (mean QIDS difference -11·8, 95% CI -9·15 to -14·35, p=0·002, Hedges' g=3·1) and 3 months (-9·2, 95% CI -5·69 to -12·71, p=0·003, Hedges' g=2) after high-dose treatment. Marked and sustained improvements in anxiety and anhedonia were also noted.InterpretationThis study provides preliminary support for the safety and efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and motivates further trials, with more rigorous designs, to better examine the therapeutic potential of this approach.FundingMedical Research Council.", "journal": "The Lancet Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2016-05-16", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7", "pubmed_id": "27210031", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7", "keywords": "Humans, Treatment Outcome, Feasibility Studies, Social Support, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27210031\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2396675581\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1539,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W183123008\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970133878\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971459727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997161439\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006861654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020472715\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037317432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039056175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055277208\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055312975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083885069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100834566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137983723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157384069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2266766602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W6607541484\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042444567\",\"display_name\":\"James Rucker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-8088\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109366794\",\"display_name\":\"Camilla Day\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044907549\",\"display_name\":\"David Erritzøe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019717586\",\"display_name\":\"Mendel Kaelen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-9346\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5058082561\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Bloomfield\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-4610\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065550029\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Rickard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-6025\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069886359\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Forbes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8193-6107\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014436895\",\"display_name\":\"David Taylor\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-1710\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5103869816\",\"display_name\":\"Steve Pilling\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021720240\",\"display_name\":\"Valerie H. Curran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5214\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2531556786\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Lancet Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Randomized Controlled Trial,Treatment-Resistant Depression,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2396675581" }, { "id": 2049, "title": "Observations concerning the synthesis of tryptamine homologues and branched tryptamine derivatives via the borrowing hydrogen process: synthesis of psilocin, bufotenin, and serotonin", "normalized_title": "observations concerning the synthesis of tryptamine homologues and branched tryptamine derivatives via the borrowing hydrogen process synthesis of psilocin bufotenin and serotonin", "authors": "Bartolucci Silvia, Mari Michele, Di Gregorio Giovanni, Piersanti Giovanni", "abstract": "", "journal": "Tetrahedron", "publication_date": "2016-04-30", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.007", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.007", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:21:33", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.007\",\"reference_dois\":[\"10.1021/cr900211p\",\"10.1586/14737175.4.2.199\",\"10.1021/ar500454v\",\"10.1021/ar500400w\",\"10.1039/c5cc01555c\",\"10.1002/chem.201501735\",\"10.1038/nchem.1798\",\"10.1002/anie.201306774\",\"10.1038/nchem.1528\",\"10.1038/nature10232\",\"10.1039/c5cc06855j\",\"10.1002/chem.201502201\",\"10.1002/ejoc.201500860\",\"10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.017\",\"10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.032\",\"10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.050\",\"10.1021/ja808692j\",\"10.1039/b809143a\",\"10.1021/jo050464l\",\"10.1139/cjc-2012-0221\",\"10.1021/ol102795g\",\"10.1021/jo3010028\",\"10.1021/ja01652a113\",\"10.1021/jo00430a024\",\"10.1021/jo9815397\",\"10.1021/ol026729p\",\"10.1055/s-2002-31970\",\"10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.091\",\"10.1021/cr400676v\",\"10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.009\",\"10.1021/ol4008525\",\"10.1021/jo401028j\",\"10.1002/anie.201204224\",\"10.1021/acs.joc.5b00195\",\"10.1021/ol071274v\",\"10.1002/chem.201302464\",\"10.1002/ejoc.201300744\",\"10.1039/c5ra15822b\",\"10.1021/cs501269d\",\"10.1021/cs400066q\",\"10.1126/science.1229712\",\"10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00199\",\"10.1038/nchem.1547\",\"10.1002/anie.201300574\",\"10.1021/ol4001262\",\"10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.013\",\"10.1021/om2004755\",\"10.1002/anie.201303015\",\"10.1517/13543776.2014.1001739\",\"10.1073/pnas.1420199112\",\"10.1021/acscatal.5b00952\",\"10.1021/op100018r\",\"10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x\",\"10.1021/jm501100b\",\"10.1146/annurev.med.60.042307.110802\",\"10.1016/s0074-7742(05)64005-6\",\"10.1007/s00253-010-2994-4\",\"10.1021/jo0110597\",\"10.1039/jr9580003493\",\"10.1248/cpb.49.87\",\"10.1021/ja807323a\",\"10.1021/jm060136t\",\"10.1039/c2gc35485c\",\"10.1021/jm901563p\",\"10.1021/jf302038a\",\"10.1021/jo800881u\",\"10.1021/jo4013767\",\"10.1002/jlac.199319930128\",\"10.1021/np030059u\",\"10.1021/np020009+\"],\"reference_count\":79}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2297439341" }, { "id": 2516, "title": "Effects of serotonin 2A/1A receptor stimulation on social exclusion processing.", "normalized_title": "effects of serotonin 2a 1a receptor stimulation on social exclusion processing", "authors": "Preller KH, Pokorny T, Hock A, Kraehenmann R, Stämpfli P, Seifritz E, Scheidegger M, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Social ties are crucial for physical and mental health. However, psychiatric patients frequently encounter social rejection. Moreover, an increased reactivity to social exclusion influences the development, progression, and treatment of various psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the neuromodulatory substrates of rejection experiences are largely unknown. The preferential serotonin (5-HT) 2A/1A receptor agonist, psilocybin (Psi), reduces the processing of negative stimuli, but whether 5-HT2A/1A receptor stimulation modulates the processing of negative social interactions remains unclear. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over study assessed the neural response to social exclusion after the acute administration of Psi (0.215 mg/kg) or placebo (Pla) in 21 healthy volunteers by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting-state magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Participants reported a reduced feeling of social exclusion after Psi vs. Pla administration, and the neural response to social exclusion was decreased in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the middle frontal gyrus, key regions for social pain processing. The reduced neural response in the dACC was significantly correlated with Psi-induced changes in self-processing and decreased aspartate (Asp) content. In conclusion, 5-HT2A/1A receptor stimulation with psilocybin seems to reduce social pain processing in association with changes in self-experience. These findings may be relevant to the normalization of negative social interaction processing in psychiatric disorders characterized by increased rejection sensitivity. The current results also emphasize the importance of 5-HT2A/1A receptor subtypes and the Asp system in the control of social functioning, and as prospective targets in the treatment of sociocognitive impairments in psychiatric illnesses.", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publication_date": "2016-04-17", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1524187113", "pubmed_id": "27091970", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524187113", "keywords": "Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Administration, Oral, Double-Blind Method, Social Isolation, Cognition, Placebo Effect, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Psychological Distance", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27091970\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2336591896\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":174,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1499681493\",\"https://openalex.org/W1522795330\",\"https://openalex.org/W1557128794\",\"https://openalex.org/W1562538899\",\"https://openalex.org/W1931841624\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968322702\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970161990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001594024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004697292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009794136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010767001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012077435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030825382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030846840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032705776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034067099\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040140561\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041524892\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042030103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046396841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048818633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051886358\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058014295\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059299642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071617207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075099417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080092700\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080513954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081808783\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082179080\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086899306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087608601\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089306255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094806572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096802921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098109055\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109195157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110247921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110646298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112135274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112415501\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114477072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122307809\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127416697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128663196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131211368\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131334268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144535302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151517911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152231708\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155696181\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167295083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168128459\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2217656301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326378348\",\"https://openalex.org/W2668816838\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211084653\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230486386\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245688421\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003585207\",\"display_name\":\"Andreas Hock\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7356-3654\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S125754415\",\"source_display_name\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524187113\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2336591896" }, { "id": 2519, "title": "Psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "psychedelics", "authors": "Nichols DE.", "abstract": "Psychedelics (serotonergic hallucinogens) are powerful psychoactive substances that alter perception and mood and affect numerous cognitive processes. They are generally considered physiologically safe and do not lead to dependence or addiction. Their origin predates written history, and they were employed by early cultures in many sociocultural and ritual contexts. After the virtually contemporaneous discovery of (5R,8R)-(+)-lysergic acid-N,N-diethylamide (LSD)-25 and the identification of serotonin in the brain, early research focused intensively on the possibility that LSD and other psychedelics had a serotonergic basis for their action. Today there is a consensus that psychedelics are agonists or partial agonists at brain serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors, with particular importance on those expressed on apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells in layer V. Several useful rodent models have been developed over the years to help unravel the neurochemical correlates of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor activation in the brain, and a variety of imaging techniques have been employed to identify key brain areas that are directly affected by psychedelics. Recent and exciting developments in the field have occurred in clinical research, where several double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 studies of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in patients with cancer-related psychosocial distress have demonstrated unprecedented positive relief of anxiety and depression. Two small pilot studies of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy also have shown positive benefit in treating both alcohol and nicotine addiction. Recently, blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography have been employed for in vivo brain imaging in humans after administration of a psychedelic, and results indicate that intravenously administered psilocybin and LSD produce decreases in oscillatory power in areas of the brain's default mode network.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2016-03-31", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1124/pr.115.011478", "pubmed_id": "26841800", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011478", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Models, Animal, Time Perception, Visual Perception, Sleep, Psychotic Disorders", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26841800\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network,Aging,Clinical Trial,Cancer Patients", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5248, "title": "The “Endless Trip”: Psychopathology and psychopharmacology in the Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD)", "normalized_title": "the endless trip psychopathology and psychopharmacology in the hallucinogen persisting perception disorder hppd", "authors": "Laura Orsolini, Alessandro Valchera, Duccio Papanti, R. Vecchiotti, Domenico De Berardis", "abstract": "Introduction Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a syndrome characterized by prolonged or reoccurring perceptual symptoms, reminiscent of acute hallucinogen effects. HPPD was associated with a broader range of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)-like substances, including cannabis, MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), psilocybin, mescaline and other psychostimulants. Symptomatology mainly comprises visual disorders (i.e., geometric pseudo-hallucinations, halos, flashes of colours/lights, motion-perception deficits, afterimages, micropsy, more acute awareness of floaters, etc.), even though depressive symptoms and thought disorders may be comorbidly present. Objective Although HPPD was firstly described in 1954, it was definitely established as a syndrome in 2000 with the revised forth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). However, neuronal substrate, risk factors, aetiology and pathogenesis of HPPD remains still unknown and under investigation. Furthermore, there are still open questions about its pharmacological targets. Aims A critical review on psychopathological bases, etiological hypothesis and psychopharmacological approaches towards HPPD was here provided. Methods A systematic literature search on PubMed/Medline, GoogleScholar and Scopus databases without time restrictions, by using a specific set of keywords was here carried out. In addition, a case report was here described. Results and conclusions Pharmacological and clinical issues are here considered and practical psychopharmacological recommendations and clinical guidelines here suggested. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2016-02-29", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1060", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1060", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Psychopathology, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, MDMA, Psychiatry, Ecstasy, Clinical psychology, Medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2376514477\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2376514477\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037119438\",\"display_name\":\"Laura Orsolini\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-3770\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102903834\",\"display_name\":\"Alessandro Valchera\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-6831\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113823051\",\"display_name\":\"Duccio Papanti\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013397791\",\"display_name\":\"R. Vecchiotti\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062268890\",\"display_name\":\"Domenico De Berardis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-5058\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1060\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Case Report,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2376514477" }, { "id": 2520, "title": "[Three cases of acute serotonin syndrome due to psilocybin mushroom poisoning].", "normalized_title": "three cases of acute serotonin syndrome due to psilocybin mushroom poisoning", "authors": "Suzuki K.", "abstract": "", "journal": "PubMed", "publication_date": "2016-02-29", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "27255023", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/27255023", "keywords": "Humans, Agaricales, Serotonin Syndrome, Mushroom Poisoning, Acute Disease, Charcoal, Haloperidol, Diazepam, Treatment Outcome, Fluid Therapy, Adult, Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"27255023\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2410861842\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2410861842\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":4,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108589343\",\"display_name\":\"Keiko Suzuki\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306525036\",\"source_display_name\":\"PubMed\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27255023\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2410861842" }, { "id": 2518, "title": "Modulatory effect of the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone and the mixed non-hallucinogenic 5-HT1A/2A agonist ergotamine on psilocybin-induced psychedelic experience.", "normalized_title": "modulatory effect of the 5 ht1a agonist buspirone and the mixed non hallucinogenic 5 ht1a 2a agonist ergotamine on psilocybin induced psychedelic experience", "authors": "Pokorny T, Preller KH, Kraehenmann R, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The mixed serotonin (5-HT) 1A/2A/2B/2C/6/7 receptor agonist psilocybin dose-dependently induces an altered state of consciousness (ASC) that is characterized by changes in sensory perception, mood, thought, and the sense of self. The psychological effects of psilocybin are primarily mediated by 5-HT2A receptor activation. However, accumulating evidence suggests that 5-HT1A or an interaction between 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors may contribute to the overall effects of psilocybin. Therefore, we used a double-blind, counterbalanced, within-subject design to investigate the modulatory effects of the partial 5-HT1A agonist buspirone (20mg p.o.) and the non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A/1A agonist ergotamine (3mg p.o.) on psilocybin-induced (170 µg/kg p.o.) psychological effects in two groups (n=19, n=17) of healthy human subjects. Psychological effects were assessed using the Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale. Buspirone significantly reduced the 5D-ASC main scale score for Visionary Restructuralization (VR) (p", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2016-01-21", "publication_year": 2016, "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005", "pubmed_id": "26875114", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005", "keywords": "Humans, Consciousness Disorders, Ergotamine, Buspirone, Hallucinogens, Double-Blind Method, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Healthy Volunteers, Behavior Rating Scale, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26875114\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2284048615\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":148,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W147747432\",\"https://openalex.org/W563138297\",\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"https://openalex.org/W1497084816\",\"https://openalex.org/W1588173517\",\"https://openalex.org/W1660450282\",\"https://openalex.org/W1895729847\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977862375\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977876439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979617003\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980348146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007847135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012317729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014924332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015278509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020080226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037669146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048184801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054129965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054287670\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054695075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058637803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061086186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062883936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067481209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069466951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069704104\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070144747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082394649\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084420260\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084476204\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086028272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086370837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100182643\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107723089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110572089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124291611\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129506769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134498737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135447632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140018908\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147688165\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164276826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245706386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2553734262\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6627905590\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654136062\",\"https://openalex.org/W6678553313\",\"https://openalex.org/W6679244127\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2284048615" }, { "id": 5252, "title": "MEMO ON THE RELIGIOUS IMPLICATIONS OF THE CONSCIOUSNESS-CHANGING DRUGS (LSD, Mescalin, Psilocybin)", "normalized_title": "memo on the religious implications of the consciousness changing drugs lsd mescalin psilocybin", "authors": "Joseph Havens", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2015-12-31", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1384511", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Consciousness, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2418181999\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2418181999\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W283348380\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082745709\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Havens\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1384511\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2418181999" }, { "id": 5250, "title": "Psilocybin, LSD, Mescaline and drug-induced synesthesia", "normalized_title": "psilocybin lsd mescaline and drug induced synesthesia", "authors": "Dimitria Electra Gatzia, Berit Brogaard", "abstract": "Studies have shown that both serotonin and glutamate receptor systems play a crucial role in the mechanisms underlying drug-induced synesthesia. The specific nature of these mechanisms, however, continues to remain elusive. Here we propose two distinct hypotheses for how synesthesia triggered by hallucinogens in the serotonin-agonist family may occur. One hypothesis is that the drug-induced destabilization of thalamic projections via GABAergic neuronal circuits from sensory areas leads to a disruption of low-level, spontaneous integration of multisensory stimuli. This sort of integration regularly occurs when spatial and temporal attributes match. Destabilization of feedback loops, however, can result in incongruent experiences or binding of random thalamus activation with sensory input in a particular sensory modality. The second hypothesis builds on embodied cognition, cases in which visual images of external stimuli activate task-related neural regions. On this proposal, binding processes that do not normally generate awareness become accessible to consciousness as a result of decreased attentional discrimination among incoming stimuli.", "journal": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "publication_date": "2015-12-31", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/BROPLM", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mescaline, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Drug, Synesthesia, Pharmacology, Dermatology, Psychology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Perception, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2523230554\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2523230554\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017599520\",\"display_name\":\"Dimitria Electra Gatzia\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-2661\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044017896\",\"display_name\":\"Berit Brogaard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0897\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402130\",\"source_display_name\":\"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://philarchive.org/rec/BROPLM\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2523230554" }, { "id": 5258, "title": "Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation: Abstinence outcomes and qualitative analysis of participant accounts", "normalized_title": "long term follow up of psilocybin facilitated smoking cessation abstinence outcomes and qualitative analysis of participant accounts", "authors": "Albert Garcia-Romeu, Tehseen Noorani, Roland R. Griffiths, Matthew W. Johnson", "abstract": "", "journal": "Drug and Alcohol Dependence", "publication_date": "2015-10-31", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1130", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1130", "keywords": "Endocannabinoid system, Cannabinoid receptor, Neuroscience, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, Norepinephrine, Axon, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Biology, Immunoelectron microscopy, Dopamine, Receptor, Cell biology, Chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Biochemistry, Antagonist, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:03", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2470759954\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2470759954\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004186550\",\"display_name\":\"Tehseen Noorani\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-0218\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S109998069\",\"source_display_name\":\"Drug and Alcohol Dependence\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1130\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2470759954" }, { "id": 5263, "title": "P.1.i.005 The 5-HT2A/1A agonist psilocybin reduces social pain and enhances empathy in healthy volunteers", "normalized_title": "p 1 i 005 the 5 ht2a 1a agonist psilocybin reduces social pain and enhances empathy in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Katrin H. Preller, Thomas Pokorny, Rainer Krähenmann, Milan Scheidegger, I. Dziobek, Philipp Stämpfli, F.X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2015-08-31", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(15)30364-3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(15)30364-3", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Empathy, Agonist, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health Research Topics, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2513457040\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2513457040\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113153562\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Krähenmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020743185\",\"display_name\":\"I. Dziobek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(15)30364-3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2513457040" }, { "id": 2525, "title": "The mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces threat-induced modulation of amygdala connectivity.", "normalized_title": "the mixed serotonin receptor agonist psilocybin reduces threat induced modulation of amygdala connectivity", "authors": "Kraehenmann R, Schmidt A, Friston K, Preller KH, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Stimulation of serotonergic neurotransmission by psilocybin has been shown to shift emotional biases away from negative towards positive stimuli. We have recently shown that reduced amygdala activity during threat processing might underlie psilocybin's effect on emotional processing. However, it is still not known whether psilocybin modulates bottom-up or top-down connectivity within the visual-limbic-prefrontal network underlying threat processing. We therefore analyzed our previous fMRI data using dynamic causal modeling and used Bayesian model selection to infer how psilocybin modulated effective connectivity within the visual-limbic-prefrontal network during threat processing. First, both placebo and psilocybin data were best explained by a model in which threat affect modulated bidirectional connections between the primary visual cortex, amygdala, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Second, psilocybin decreased the threat-induced modulation of top-down connectivity from the amygdala to primary visual cortex, speaking to a neural mechanism that might underlie putative shifts towards positive affect states after psilocybin administration. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.", "journal": "NeuroImage Clinical", "publication_date": "2015-08-21", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009", "pubmed_id": "26909323", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009", "keywords": "Amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Neural Pathways, Humans, Brain Mapping, Bayes Theorem, Fear, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26909323\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1191653087\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":107,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W284042030\",\"https://openalex.org/W438966905\",\"https://openalex.org/W590335313\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964970417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974105735\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976863244\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004805863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016647678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024685092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038727657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044264234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047496901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054428623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058866161\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072283174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083433785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086590817\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095986387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097958735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112300402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116649573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117663940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118969780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127229574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135173838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136619901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139037554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147351252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149798692\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155388413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285774466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913421382\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4210652359\",\"https://openalex.org/W4230920194\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232609309\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W6617660511\",\"https://openalex.org/W6950415317\",\"https://openalex.org/W6982170338\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086852785\",\"display_name\":\"Karl Friston\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8909\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898194095\",\"source_display_name\":\"NeuroImage Clinical\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.009\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1191653087" }, { "id": 2532, "title": "Psilocybin-induced spiritual experiences and insightfulness are associated with synchronization of neuronal oscillations.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced spiritual experiences and insightfulness are associated with synchronization of neuronal oscillations", "authors": "Kometer M, Pokorny T, Seifritz E, Volleinweider FX.", "abstract": "RationaleDuring the last years, considerable progress has been made toward understanding the neuronal basis of consciousness by using sophisticated behavioral tasks, brain-imaging techniques, and various psychoactive drugs. Nevertheless, the neuronal mechanisms underlying some of the most intriguing states of consciousness, including spiritual experiences, remain unknown.ObjectivesTo elucidate state of consciousness-related neuronal mechanisms, human subjects were given psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonergic agonist and hallucinogen that has been used for centuries to induce spiritual experiences in religious and medical rituals.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 50 healthy human volunteers received a moderate dose of psilocybin, while high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were taken during eyes-open and eyes-closed resting states. The current source density and the lagged phase synchronization of neuronal oscillations across distributed brain regions were computed and correlated with psilocybin-induced altered states of consciousness.ResultsPsilocybin decreased the current source density of neuronal oscillations at 1.5-20 Hz within a neural network comprising the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices and the parahippocampal regions. Most intriguingly, the intensity levels of psilocybin-induced spiritual experience and insightfulness correlated with the lagged phase synchronization of delta oscillations (1.5-4 Hz) between the retrosplenial cortex, the parahippocampus, and the lateral orbitofrontal area.ConclusionsThese results provide systematic evidence for the direct association of a specific spatiotemporal neuronal mechanism with spiritual experiences and enhanced insight into life and existence. The identified mechanism may constitute a pathway for modulating mental health, as spiritual experiences can promote sustained well-being and psychological resilience.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2015-07-31", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-015-4026-7", "pubmed_id": "26231498", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4026-7", "keywords": "Parahippocampal Gyrus, Cerebral Cortex, Nerve Net, Humans, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Double-Blind Method, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26231498\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1037524820\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":165,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W245658\",\"https://openalex.org/W99126694\",\"https://openalex.org/W284689758\",\"https://openalex.org/W1549030279\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603307924\",\"https://openalex.org/W1862942562\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969118592\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971169197\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973275441\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978569191\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980521192\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980721637\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983939506\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988061580\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990366495\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991490575\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996031356\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996620918\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996864540\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997047095\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998259498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002101667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004150207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015303758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017860220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019925314\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023471067\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025024951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027700252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031255974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032825285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033034887\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037420423\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038427447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040149530\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040972615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041299010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042237566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042921481\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043757388\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043838018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044670283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054997020\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057998699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065096279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066749237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071249625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077491345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084473597\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084717574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094147107\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098182568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105908679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105909330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108384452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109582949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111096018\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114267373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115964617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117207767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120347667\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121409298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123571009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135390742\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137699706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138790588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142232471\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142875089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147899888\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150704740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151428784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156662050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157133166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157787057\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158866673\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161642698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162501988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162949965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253527428\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019594966\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Volleinweider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4026-7\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Wellbeing,Resilience,Spirituality", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1037524820" }, { "id": 2051, "title": "Neurovascular and neuroimaging effects of the hallucinogenic serotonin receptor agonist psilocin in the rat brain.", "normalized_title": "neurovascular and neuroimaging effects of the hallucinogenic serotonin receptor agonist psilocin in the rat brain", "authors": "Spain A, Howarth C, Khrapitchev AA, Sharp T, Sibson NR, Martin C.", "abstract": "The development of pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) has presented the opportunity for investigation of the neurophysiological effects of drugs in vivo. Psilocin, a hallucinogen metabolised from psilocybin, was recently reported to evoke brain region-specific, phMRI signal changes in humans. The present study investigated the effects of psilocin in a rat model using phMRI and then probed the relationship between neuronal and haemodynamic responses using a multimodal measurement preparation. Psilocin (2 mg/kg or 0.03 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle was administered to rats (N=6/group) during either phMRI scanning or concurrent imaging of cortical blood flow and recording of local field potentials. Compared to vehicle controls psilocin (2 mg/kg) evoked phMRI signal increases in a number of regions including olfactory and limbic areas and elements of the visual system. PhMRI signal decreases were seen in other regions including somatosensory and motor cortices. Investigation of neurovascular coupling revealed that whilst neuronal responses (local field potentials) to sensory stimuli were decreased in amplitude by psilocin administration, concurrently measured haemodynamic responses (cerebral blood flow) were enhanced. The present findings show that psilocin evoked region-specific changes in phMRI signals in the rat, confirming recent human data. However, the results also suggest that the haemodynamic signal changes underlying phMRI responses reflect changes in both neuronal activity and neurovascular coupling. This highlights the importance of understanding the neurovascular effects of pharmacological manipulations for interpreting haemodynamic neuroimaging data.", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "2015-07-16", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.018", "pubmed_id": "26192543", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.018", "keywords": "Brain, Vibrissae, Animals, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Oxygen, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Electrodes, Implanted, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Hemodynamics, Touch Perception, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26192543\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W878533373\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":45,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1959533155\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963521376\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967825340\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968386572\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970108241\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970355132\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975271627\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976197861\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979240985\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989805176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990926259\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992218510\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995362928\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999520265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006209961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006914568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011224808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014643576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016273322\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022026140\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023967210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023994356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024010567\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024875626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028315479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029120044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030602665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036537915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042099048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050297923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051691068\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052466574\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052739131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062843923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064437174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065459990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072298200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072522618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075556735\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084995186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090482728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102673550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120668271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124661129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129798915\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129852747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131344612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137328415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137819629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143649581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146870769\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161119575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2282846152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2977883299\",\"https://openalex.org/W6696011616\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5010238135\",\"display_name\":\"Aisling Spain\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-967X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040680926\",\"display_name\":\"Clare Howarth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-9770\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085148579\",\"display_name\":\"Alexandre A. Khrapitchev\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-6635\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016717006\",\"display_name\":\"Trevor Sharp\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7434-9713\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076922893\",\"display_name\":\"Nicola R. Sibson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-2766\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051410391\",\"display_name\":\"Chris Martin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-784X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S160566677\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.018\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W878533373" }, { "id": 2535, "title": "Light microscopy can reveal the consumption of a mixture of psychotropic plant and fungal material in suspicious death.", "normalized_title": "light microscopy can reveal the consumption of a mixture of psychotropic plant and fungal material in suspicious death", "authors": "Wiltshire PE, Hawksworth DL, Edwards KJ.", "abstract": "Light microscopical examination of plant and fungal remains in the post mortem gut may be capable of demonstrating the ingestion of unexpected natural psychotropic materials. This is demonstrated here in a case in which a 'shaman' was accused of causing the death of a young man. The deceased had participated in a ceremony which involved the drinking of ayahuasca in order to induce a psychotropic experience. Ayahuasca is an infusion of Banisteriopsis caapi (ayahuasca vine), which produces a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and one or more additional tropical plants, generally Psychotria viridis (chacruna) which produces dimethyltryptamine (DMT). The monoamine oxidase inhibitor prevents DMT from being broken down in the gut, so enabling its passage into the bloodstream and across the blood/brain barrier. Toxicological tests for DMT demonstrated the presence of this compound in the body. The deceased was reported to be in the habit of using Psilocybe semilanceata (liberty cap). This fungus (popularly called magic mushroom) contains psilocybin which is hydrolysed in the gut to psilocin; this compound mimics a serotonin uptake inhibitor, and also invokes psychotropic experiences. Microscopical examination established that the ileum and colon contained spores of Psilocybe and, in addition, pollen of Cannabis sativa and seeds of Papaver cf. somniferum (opium poppy). Both the plant species yield psychotropic substances. Palynological and mycological analysis of containers from the deceased person's dwelling also yielded abundant trace evidence of pertinent pollen and spores. The police had requested analysis for DMT but there was no screening for other psychotropic substances. Investigators were surprised that a mixture of hallucinogenic materials had been consumed by the deceased. The charge was modified from manslaughter to possession of a 'Class A' drug as the deceased had been consuming psychotropic substances not administered by the 'shaman'. Where death involving drugs from plants or fungi is suspected, microscopical examination of samples from the gut can provide a rapid and effective method for assessing, in a temporal context, the presence of ingested materials that may not have been previously suspected. The example presented here also demonstrates the need for caution in interpreting toxicological results where screening for unusual compounds has been limited.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2015-06-03", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.jflm.2015.05.010", "pubmed_id": "26165663", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.05.010", "keywords": "Colon, Ileum, Gastrointestinal Contents, Humans, Spores, Fungal, Cannabis, Banisteriopsis, Papaver, Pollen, Seeds, Substance-Related Disorders, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Microscopy, Substance Abuse Detection, Forensic Pathology, Beverages, Male, Forensic Toxicology, Psilocybe", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26165663\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2537, "title": "The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review.", "normalized_title": "the hallucinogenic world of tryptamines an updated review", "authors": "Araújo AM, Carvalho F, Bastos Mde L, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M.", "abstract": "In the area of psychotropic drugs, tryptamines are known to be a broad class of classical or serotonergic hallucinogens. These drugs are capable of producing profound changes in sensory perception, mood and thought in humans and act primarily as agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. Well-known tryptamines such as psilocybin contained in Aztec sacred mushrooms and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), present in South American psychoactive beverage ayahuasca, have been restrictedly used since ancient times in sociocultural and ritual contexts. However, with the discovery of hallucinogenic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in mid-1900s, tryptamines began to be used recreationally among young people. More recently, new synthetically produced tryptamine hallucinogens, such as alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), emerged in the recreational drug market, which have been claimed as the next-generation designer drugs to replace LSD ('legal' alternatives to LSD). Tryptamine derivatives are widely accessible over the Internet through companies selling them as 'research chemicals', but can also be sold in 'headshops' and street dealers. Reports of intoxication and deaths related to the use of new tryptamines have been described over the last years, raising international concern over tryptamines. However, the lack of literature pertaining to pharmacological and toxicological properties of new tryptamine hallucinogens hampers the assessment of their actual potential harm to general public health. This review provides a comprehensive update on tryptamine hallucinogens, concerning their historical background, prevalence, patterns of use and legal status, chemistry, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and their physiological and toxicological effects on animals and humans.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2015-04-15", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x", "pubmed_id": "25877327", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Tryptamines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Molecular Structure, Structure-Activity Relationship, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Illicit Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25877327\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2052, "title": "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice.", "normalized_title": "research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice", "authors": "Zhuk O, Jasicka-Misiak I, Poliwoda A, Kazakova A, Godovan VV, Halama M, Wieczorek PP.", "abstract": "The pharmacological activities and acute toxicity of the psilocin (PC) and dried residues of the crude extracts of psychotropic mushrooms were investigated in mice. The hallucinogenic substances were effectively isolated, by using methanol, from the species of Psilocybe semilanceata and Pholiotina cyanopus, that were collected in the north-east region of Poland. The chemical analysis of these extracts, which was performed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS), indicated the presence of psilocin and other hallucinogenic substances, including indolealkylamines and their phosphorylated analogues. When the pure psilocin or fungal extracts were used, slight differences in determined LD50 values were observed. However, the application of PC evoked the highest level of toxicity (293.07 mg/kg) compared to the activity of extracts from Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata, where the level of LD50 was 316.87 mg/kg and 324.37 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the behavioral test, which considered the head-twitching response (HTR), was used to assess the effects of the studied psychotropic factors on the serotonergic system. Both, the fungal extracts and psilocin evoked characteristic serotoninergic effects depending on the dose administered to mice, acting as an agonist/partial agonist on the serotonergic system. A dose of 200 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced spontaneous head-twitching in mice (100% effect), as a result of the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain. Compared to the activity of 5-HTP, the intraperitoneal administration of 1mg/kg of psilocin or hallucinogenic extracts of studied mushrooms (Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata) reduced the number of head-twitch responses of about 46% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, the administration of PC exhibited a reduction of about 60% in HTR numbers.", "journal": "Toxins", "publication_date": "2015-03-26", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.3390/toxins7041018", "pubmed_id": "25826052", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7041018", "keywords": "Animals, Animals, Outbred Strains, Mice, Agaricales, Methanol, Hallucinogens, Complex Mixtures, Solvents, Lethal Dose 50, Behavior, Animal, Female, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25826052\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1984431812\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":15,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":63,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W199370843\",\"https://openalex.org/W1511884142\",\"https://openalex.org/W1881562135\",\"https://openalex.org/W1897852281\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981430494\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984696579\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997859062\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998218325\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998389816\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998713329\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009390034\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013374926\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014374202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037427188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050577168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064960562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069027411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076730931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080123927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100578874\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104320372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154524838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161047862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162519480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316721389\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6650090084\",\"https://openalex.org/W6667414576\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024942574\",\"display_name\":\"О. В. Жук\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005179198\",\"display_name\":\"Іzabela Jasicka-Misiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-5482\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022625029\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Poliwoda\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0339-3861\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003129564\",\"display_name\":\"Anastasia Kazakova\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043078708\",\"display_name\":\"В. В. Годован\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-9394\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006068803\",\"display_name\":\"Marek Halama\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0904-6641\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039938845\",\"display_name\":\"Piotr Wieczorek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-0114\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S128990672\",\"source_display_name\":\"Toxins\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7041018\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1984431812" }, { "id": 5268, "title": "5HT2a Receptors - a New Target for Depression?", "normalized_title": "5ht2a receptors a new target for depression", "authors": "D.J. Nutt", "abstract": "Cortical 5HT2A receptors are largely expressed in layer 5 pyramidal neurons and appear to play a pivotal role in brain function in that they gate top-down descending inputs to local cortical microcircuits. There is evidence that they may play a role in depression in that the number of these receptors is increased in some people with depression and the augmenting action of atypical antipsychotics in depression is thought to be - at least in part - due to blockade of these receptors. We have explored this possibility by studying the effects of agonists at these receptors - the psychedelic druds psilocybin and LSD. We found they had profound effects to reduce brain activity particularly in regions that higly express the 5HT2A receptor such as the default mode network [DMN]. As this region is overactive in depression this may explain the improvements in mood that users of psychedelic often report. Based on these findings a study of psilocybin in resistant depression has been funded by the UK MRC and will start in early 2015.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2015-02-28", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30027-4", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30027-4", "keywords": "5-HT2A receptor, Depression (economics), Psychology, 5-HT receptor, Receptor, Neuroscience, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Economics, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Mental Health Research Topics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W562065783\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W562065783\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113636502\",\"display_name\":\"D.J. Nutt\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30027-4\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Default Mode Network", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W562065783" }, { "id": 5267, "title": "The Effect of 5-HT2A/1a Agonist Treatment On Social Cognition, Empathy, and Social Decision-making", "normalized_title": "the effect of 5 ht2a 1a agonist treatment on social cognition empathy and social decision making", "authors": "Katrin H. Preller, Thomas Pokorny, Rainer Krähenmann, I. Dziobek, Philipp Stämpfli, F.X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "Social cognition is a crucial factor influencing development, progress, and treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, social cognition skills are insufficiently targeted by current treatment approaches. In particular, patients suffering from depression show an increased negative reaction to social exclusion and deficits in empathy. The 5HT-1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin has previously been shown to reduce the neural response to negative emotional stimuli. However, it is not known if this extends to negative social interaction and whether 5HT-1A/2A receptor stimulation induces changes in empathy. Given the clear need for improved treatment of socio-cognitive functioning in psychiatric disorders, it is important to better understand the neuronal and neuromodulatory substrates of social cognition. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design we therefore investigated the neural response to ostracism after the acute administration of psilocybin (0.215mg/kg) and placebo in healthy volunteers using fMRI. Furthermore, we assessed cognitive and emotional empathy using the Multifaceted Empathy Test. The neural response to social exclusion in the ACC - a brain region associated with ‘social pain”- was reduced after psilocybin administration compared to placebo. Furthermore, emotional empathy was enhanced after treatment with psilocybin while no significant differences were found in cognitive empathy. These results show that the 5HT-1A/2A receptor subtypes play an important role in the modulation of socio-cognitive functioning and therefore may be relevant for the treatment of social cognition deficits in psychiatric disorders. In particular, they may be important for the normalization of empathy deficits and increased negative reaction to social exclusion in depressed patients.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2015-02-28", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30017-1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30017-1", "keywords": "Empathy, Psilocybin, Psychology, Cognition, Social cognition, Major depressive disorder, Clinical psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Hallucinogen, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Digital Mental Health Interventions, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W563138297\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W563138297\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":20,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113153562\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Krähenmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020743185\",\"display_name\":\"I. Dziobek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064966055\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Stämpfli\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-2416\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30017-1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Chronic Pain,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W563138297" }, { "id": 2543, "title": "Peak experiences and the afterglow phenomenon: when and how do therapeutic effects of hallucinogens depend on psychedelic experiences?", "normalized_title": "peak experiences and the afterglow phenomenon when and how do therapeutic effects of hallucinogens depend on psychedelic experiences", "authors": "Majić T, Schmidt TT, Gallinat J", "abstract": "Interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances has recently resumed. During an early phase of human psychedelic research, their therapeutic application in different pathologies had been suggested, and the first evidence for efficacy was provided. The range of recent clinical applications of psychedelics spans from cluster headaches and obsessive-compulsive disorder to addiction and the treatment of fear and anxiety in patients suffering from terminal illness, indicating potentially different therapeutic mechanisms. A variety of approaches in psychotherapy emphasize subjective experiences, such as so-called peak experiences or afterglow phenomena, as differentially mediating therapeutic action. This review aims to re-evaluate earlier and recent concepts of how psychedelic substances may exert beneficial effects. After a short outline of neurophenomenological aspects, we discuss different approaches to how psychedelics are used in psychotherapy. Finally, we summarize evidence for the relationship between subjective experiences and therapeutic success. While the distinction between pharmacological and psychological action obviously cannot be clear-cut, they do appear to contribute differently from each other when their effects are compared with regard to pathologies.", "journal": "Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)", "publication_date": "2015-02-28", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1177/0269881114568040", "pubmed_id": "25670401", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25670401/", "keywords": "Hallucinogens, LSD, ketamine, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psilocybin, psychedelic therapy, psychedelics, psycholytic therapy, serotonin, substance addiction, substance-assisted psychotherapy", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"25670401\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,OCD,End-of-Life Distress,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2545, "title": "Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin assisted treatment for alcohol dependence a proof of concept study", "authors": "Bogenschutz MP, Forcehimes AA, Pommy JA, Wilcox CE, Barbosa PC, Strassman RJ.", "abstract": "UnlabelledSeveral lines of evidence suggest that classic (5HT2A agonist) hallucinogens have clinically relevant effects in alcohol and drug addiction. Although recent studies have investigated the effects of psilocybin in various populations, there have been no studies on the efficacy of psilocybin for alcohol dependence. We conducted a single-group proof-of-concept study to quantify acute effects of psilocybin in alcohol-dependent participants and to provide preliminary outcome and safety data. Ten volunteers with DSM-IV alcohol dependence received orally administered psilocybin in one or two supervised sessions in addition to Motivational Enhancement Therapy and therapy sessions devoted to preparation for and debriefing from the psilocybin sessions. Participants' responses to psilocybin were qualitatively similar to those described in other populations. Abstinence did not increase significantly in the first 4 weeks of treatment (when participants had not yet received psilocybin), but increased significantly following psilocybin administration (p < 0.05). Gains were largely maintained at follow-up to 36 weeks. The intensity of effects in the first psilocybin session (at week 4) strongly predicted change in drinking during weeks 5-8 (r = 0.76 to r = 0.89) and also predicted decreases in craving and increases in abstinence self-efficacy during week 5. There were no significant treatment-related adverse events. These preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for controlled trials with larger samples to investigate efficacy and mechanisms.Trial registrationNCT02061293.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2015-01-12", "publication_year": 2015, "doi": "10.1177/0269881114565144", "pubmed_id": "25586396", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114565144", "keywords": "Humans, Alcoholism, Hallucinogens, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Alcohol Drinking, Motivation, Time Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:40", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25586396\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2075238613\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1161,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W54728729\",\"https://openalex.org/W62922542\",\"https://openalex.org/W159676469\",\"https://openalex.org/W173089895\",\"https://openalex.org/W376897599\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W621567176\",\"https://openalex.org/W1475474724\",\"https://openalex.org/W1560741048\",\"https://openalex.org/W1896027656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964116811\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968488639\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973405277\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982006269\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999336162\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009271136\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012834083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014622858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016774883\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031398681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037776127\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043530175\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054754029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056852922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061900306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076029586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079490870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079836081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080464850\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082206299\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082483310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086552507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086963232\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087952727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088140721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090179920\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091746900\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098258137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102582267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108556733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110065044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111139037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120356707\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123282949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129977009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143648030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150894903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166262899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169216780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297304494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2319975253\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2408251447\",\"https://openalex.org/W2419156332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2474274656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2607365596\",\"https://openalex.org/W2973687702\",\"https://openalex.org/W3018382390\",\"https://openalex.org/W3196761093\",\"https://openalex.org/W3217134939\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232615320\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239785504\",\"https://openalex.org/W4249571112\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300870773\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086692011\",\"display_name\":\"Michael P. Bogenschutz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3470\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075574900\",\"display_name\":\"Alyssa A. Forcehimes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109907760\",\"display_name\":\"Jessica A. Pommy\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079953298\",\"display_name\":\"Claire Wilcox\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-7357\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108481782\",\"display_name\":\"PCR Barbosa\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113712322\",\"display_name\":\"Rick J. Strassman\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114565144\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Qualitative Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2075238613" }, { "id": 5272, "title": "Turn on and tune in to evidence-based psychedelic research", "normalized_title": "turn on and tune in to evidence based psychedelic research", "authors": "Ben Sessa", "abstract": "", "journal": "The Lancet Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2014-12-31", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00120-5", "pubmed_id": "26359597", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00120-5", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Mainstream, Psychiatry, MAGIC (telescope), Medicine, Psychology, Political science, Law, Serotonin, Quantum mechanics, Physics, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2003532970\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2003532970\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":20,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W1517515257\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965591897\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973234849\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001298144\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018057120\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078821747\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086066229\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108914738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127654449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155854964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2799001401\",\"https://openalex.org/W4395961884\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081065269\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Sessa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-6060\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2531556786\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Lancet Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00120-5\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2003532970" }, { "id": 2549, "title": "Recreational use, analysis and toxicity of tryptamines.", "normalized_title": "recreational use analysis and toxicity of tryptamines", "authors": "Tittarelli R, Mannocchi G, Pantano F, Romolo FS.", "abstract": "UnlabelledThe definition New psychoactive substances (NPS) refers to emerging drugs whose chemical structures are similar to other psychoactive compounds but not identical, representing a \"legal\" alternative to internationally controlled drugs. There are many categories of NPS, such as synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, phenylethylamines, piperazines, ketamine derivatives and tryptamines. Tryptamines are naturally occurring compounds, which can derive from the amino acid tryptophan by several biosynthetic pathways: their structure is a combination of a benzene ring and a pyrrole ring, with the addition of a 2-carbon side chain. Tryptamines include serotonin and melatonin as well as other compounds known for their hallucinogenic properties, such as psilocybin in 'Magic mushrooms' and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Ayahuasca brews.AimTo review the scientific literature regarding tryptamines and their derivatives, providing a summary of all the available information about the structure of these compounds, their effects in relationship with the routes of administration, their pharmacology and toxicity, including articles reporting cases of death related to intake of these substances.MethodsA comprehensive review of the published scientific literature was performed, using also non peer-reviewed information sources, such as books, government publications and drug user web fora.ConclusionsInformation from Internet and from published scientific literature, organized in the way we proposed in this review, provides an effective tool for specialists facing the emerging NPS threat to public health and public security, including the personnel working in Emergency Department.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2014-12-31", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.2174/1570159x13666141210222409", "pubmed_id": "26074742", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x13666141210222409", "keywords": "Humans, Poisoning, Substance-Related Disorders, Tryptamines, Psychotropic Drugs, Designer Drugs, Structure-Activity Relationship, Illicit Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"26074742\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Toxicity", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2554, "title": "Psilocybin and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin and obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Wilcox JA.", "abstract": "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder with considerable morbidity and mortality. This condition disables many individuals and is often refractory to treatment. Research suggests that serotonin plays a role in OCD symptom reduction. We present a case of an individual who successfully used psilocybin, a serotonergic agent, to reduce the core symptoms of OCD for several years. Although not endorsing this form of treatment, we feel that the successful use of this agent highlights the role of serotonergic factors in OCD and the need for further, legitimate research into the value of psilocybin in the treatment of anxiety disorders.", "journal": "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs", "publication_date": "2014-10-31", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2014.963754", "pubmed_id": "25364991", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2014.963754", "keywords": "Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Adult, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25364991\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2129340715\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":55,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1963761166\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991750812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054759608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075352853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077615819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109115773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118403124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120747195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159061031\",\"https://openalex.org/W2329226408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471389551\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245707768\",\"https://openalex.org/W6991387488\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109588462\",\"display_name\":\"James A. Wilcox\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S149515109\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2014.963754\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,OCD,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2129340715" }, { "id": 2053, "title": "Effect of psilocin on extracellular dopamine and serotonin levels in the mesoaccumbens and mesocortical pathway in awake rats.", "normalized_title": "effect of psilocin on extracellular dopamine and serotonin levels in the mesoaccumbens and mesocortical pathway in awake rats", "authors": "Sakashita Y, Abe K, Katagiri N, Kambe T, Saitoh T, Utsunomiya I, Horiguchi Y, Taguchi K.", "abstract": "Psilocin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-ol) is a hallucinogenic component of the Mexican mushroom Psilocybe mexicana and a skeletal serotonin (5-HT) analogue. Psilocin is the active metabolite of psilocybin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate). In the present study, we examined the effects of systemically administered psilocin on extracellular dopamine and 5-HT concentrations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex of the dopaminergic pathway in awake rats using in vivo microdialysis. Intraperitoneal administration of psilocin (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly increased extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Psilocin did not affect the extracellular 5-HT level in the nucleus accumbens. Conversely, systemic administration of psilocin (10 mg/kg) significantly increased extracellular 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats, but dopamine was decreased in this region. However, neither extracellular dopamine nor 5-HT levels in the VTA were altered by administration of psilocin. Behaviorally, psilocin significantly increased the number of head twitches. Thus, psilocin affects the dopaminergic system in the nucleus accumbens. In the serotonergic system, psilocin contribute to a crucial effect in the medial prefrontal cortex. The present data suggest that psilocin increased both the extracellular dopamine and 5-HT concentrations in the mesoaccumbens and/or mesocortical pathway.", "journal": "Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin", "publication_date": "2014-10-23", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1248/bpb.b14-00315", "pubmed_id": "25342005", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b14-00315", "keywords": "Ventral Tegmental Area, Nucleus Accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Dopamine, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25342005\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2079092936\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":84,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1684978948\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967178229\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969855549\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980461963\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992840579\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998075304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016437478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057879372\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089931568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103431948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165554771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401206973\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030344777\",\"display_name\":\"Yuichi Sakashita\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052583987\",\"display_name\":\"Kenji Abe\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2829-3146\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064221710\",\"display_name\":\"N. KATAGIRI\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-0804\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111625347\",\"display_name\":\"Toshie Kambe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110516585\",\"display_name\":\"Toshiaki Saitoh\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052295531\",\"display_name\":\"Iku Utsunomiya\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5102278819\",\"display_name\":\"Yoshie Horiguchi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035856456\",\"display_name\":\"Kyoji Taguchi\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S165235614\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b14-00315\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2079092936" }, { "id": 5286, "title": "Hallucinogens induce a specific barcode of phosphorylation on the serotonin2A receptor that underlies a weaker receptor desensitization and internalization", "normalized_title": "hallucinogens induce a specific barcode of phosphorylation on the serotonin2a receptor that underlies a weaker receptor desensitization and internalization", "authors": "", "abstract": "The serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 2A receptor represents one of the most striking examples where functional selectivity (or ligand-biased signaling) is transduced in distinct behaviours. This receptor is the primary target of psychedelic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamine, mescaline and psilocybin, which reproduce some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia and are often used to probe the disease. Why only some 5-HT2A receptor agonists exhibit hallucinogenic activity, whereas structurally related agonists with comparable affinity and agonist activity (e.g. lisuride and ergotamine) lack such a psychoactive activity remains an incompletely resolved paradox. In a recent paper published in Molecular and Cellular Proteomics (doi: 10.1074/mcp.M113.036558) we demonstrated a biased phosphorylation of the 5-HT2A receptor in response to hallucinogenic versus non-hallucinogenic agonists that leads to a weaker receptor desensitization and internalization by hallucinogens.", "journal": "Receptors & Clinical Investigation", "publication_date": "2014-09-26", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.14800/rci.230", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://doi.org/10.14800/rci.230", "keywords": "Internalization, Desensitization (medicine), Receptor, Phosphorylation, Neuroscience, Psychology, Biology, Cell biology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2105275451\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2105275451\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1968490749\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979233943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037606383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053071903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066729230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139882205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170033400\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\"],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764565571\",\"source_display_name\":\"Receptors & Clinical Investigation\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://doi.org/10.14800/rci.230\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Proteomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2105275451" }, { "id": 5287, "title": "P.1.g.005 Serotonergic modulation of emotion processing by the mixed 5-HT1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin reduces amygdala activation to negative stimuli - a pharmacological fMRI study", "normalized_title": "p 1 g 005 serotonergic modulation of emotion processing by the mixed 5 ht1a 2a receptor agonist psilocybin reduces amygdala activation to negative stimuli a pharmacological fmri study", "authors": "Rainer Kraehenmann, Katrin H. Preller, Erich Seifritz, F.X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2014-09-24", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70316-5", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70316-5", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Amygdala, 5-HT1A receptor, Agonist, Neuroscience, Psychology, 5-HT receptor, Medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Mental Health Research Topics", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2329615882\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2329615882\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70316-5\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2329615882" }, { "id": 2555, "title": "Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction.", "normalized_title": "pilot study of the 5 ht2ar agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction", "authors": "Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Cosimano MP, Griffiths RR.", "abstract": "Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies (typically", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2014-09-10", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1177/0269881114548296", "pubmed_id": "25213996", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114548296", "keywords": "Humans, Tobacco Use Disorder, Carbon Monoxide, Cotinine, Nicotinic Agonists, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Pilot Projects, Attitude, Behavior, Addictive, Smoking Cessation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Biomarkers, Psilocybin, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25213996\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2122459973\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":907,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W579597471\",\"https://openalex.org/W592732404\",\"https://openalex.org/W1475474724\",\"https://openalex.org/W1492283962\",\"https://openalex.org/W1588882127\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971596397\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973613743\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973814761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975552694\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989421682\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991997587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999159677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006587749\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010214743\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013762461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022443784\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025716661\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039460330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043319570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046087798\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051572188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051861629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052341973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065987376\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070626685\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088785539\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091372286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096567449\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097155663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105805129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107200746\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111724200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115129983\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118061336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141096096\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141348739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145615919\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146132158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150903999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164386461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2228339316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2243916050\",\"https://openalex.org/W2297304494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318552418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325207359\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333536875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417827962\",\"https://openalex.org/W2513619552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2612308268\",\"https://openalex.org/W2621586846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2801279915\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236409797\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239777125\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030387003\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew W. Johnson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0513\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091708678\",\"display_name\":\"Albert Garcia-Romeu\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1644\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025469924\",\"display_name\":\"Mary P Cosimano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002583244\",\"display_name\":\"Roland R. Griffiths\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-7854\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114548296\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Safety", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2122459973" }, { "id": 5290, "title": "ENTHEOGENS, MYSTICISM, AND NEUROSCIENCE", "normalized_title": "entheogens mysticism and neuroscience", "authors": "Ron Cole-Turner", "abstract": "Entheogens or psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are associated with mystical states of experience. Drug laws currently limit research, but important new work is under way at major biomedical research facilities showing that entheogens reliably occasion mystical experiences and thereby allow research into brain states during these experiences. Are drug-occasioned mystical experiences neurologically the same as more traditional mystical states? Are there phenomenological and theological differences? As this research goes forward and the public becomes more widely aware of its achievements, religious scholars and experts in science and religion will be called upon to interpret the philosophical and theological presuppositions that underpin this research and the significance of the findings that flow from it.", "journal": "Zygon®", "publication_date": "2014-08-25", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1111/zygo.12110", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12110", "keywords": "Mysticism, Psilocybin, Presupposition, Epistemology, Psychology, Altered state, Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, Sociology, Hallucinogen, Consciousness, Psychiatry, Theology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2145138901\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2145138901\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1697448587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987430298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001101493\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033134445\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036966965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076176509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087848624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109543774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117522474\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119694234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119738402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144584973\",\"https://openalex.org/W2313167826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2340256041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2596244747\",\"https://openalex.org/W4229920826\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081636015\",\"display_name\":\"Ron Cole-Turner\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-9514\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S128470386\",\"source_display_name\":\"Zygon®\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12110\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2145138901" }, { "id": 2558, "title": "Classical hallucinogens as antidepressants? A review of pharmacodynamics and putative clinical roles.", "normalized_title": "classical hallucinogens as antidepressants a review of pharmacodynamics and putative clinical roles", "authors": "Baumeister D, Barnes G, Giaroli G, Tracy D", "abstract": "Hallucinogens have been part of spiritual practice for millennia, but controversy surrounding their mind-manifesting effects led to their proscription by the mid-20th century, largely without evidence of harm or toxicity and despite nascent data suggesting therapeutic utility in treating depressive illnesses. This review explores their pharmacodynamic actions and the current limited data on their clinic effectiveness. These drugs appear to exert their psychedelic effects through their agonist or partial agonist activity at the serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor, though they also have affinity for other metabotropic serotonin receptors. Hallucinogen binding affects a wide range of intracellular signalling pathways, the precise nature of which remains incompletely understood. They alter the serotonergic tone of brainstem raphe nuclei that project through the brain; they interact with receptors in the prefrontal cortex altering connectivity patterns and intracellular functioning; and they disrupt inhibitory control of sensory input via the thalamus to the cortex. The serotonergic system has long been implicated in anxiety and depressive disorders, and is a major target of most existing antidepressants. Classical hallucinogens alter the functioning of this system, but not in the same way current medications do: whilst there are identified receptors and neurotransmitter pathways through which hallucinogens could therein produce therapeutic effects, the neurobiology of this remains speculative at this time. There is currently an extremely limited but growing literature on hallucinogen safety and clinical application. The drugs appear well tolerated by healthy controls and clinical populations, and the rapid tolerance to repeated administration might reduce the possibility of dependency. Clinical trials reported over the past decade have generally shown positive therapeutic potential, but they are notably few in number. Legislative policy has had a freezing effect on evaluation of these compounds, a better understanding of which might improve our knowledge of the processes involved in consciousness, the neuropathology of depression, and potentially open up new pharmacological therapies.", "journal": "Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2014-07-31", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1177/2045125314527985", "pubmed_id": "25083275", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25083275/", "keywords": "5-HT2A, LSD, antidepressants, anxiety, depression, hallucinogen, psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "PubMed", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:20:40", "raw_json": "{\"pubmed_id\":\"25083275\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Spirituality,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2548, "title": "Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens", "authors": "Halberstadt AL.", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens, such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and mescaline, are somewhat enigmatic substances. Although these drugs are derived from multiple chemical families, they all produce remarkably similar effects in animals and humans, and they show cross-tolerance. This article reviews the evidence demonstrating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is the primary site of hallucinogen action. The 5-HT2A receptor is responsible for mediating the effects of hallucinogens in human subjects, as well as in animal behavioral paradigms such as drug discrimination, head twitch response, prepulse inhibition of startle, exploratory behavior, and interval timing. Many recent clinical trials have yielded important new findings regarding the psychopharmacology of these substances. Furthermore, the use of modern imaging and electrophysiological techniques is beginning to help unravel how hallucinogens work in the brain. Evidence is also emerging that hallucinogens may possess therapeutic efficacy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2014-07-14", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016", "pubmed_id": "25036425", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Exploratory Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"25036425\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Clinical Trial,Review Article", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2057, "title": "The effect of psilocin on memory acquisition, retrieval, and consolidation in the rat.", "normalized_title": "the effect of psilocin on memory acquisition retrieval and consolidation in the rat", "authors": "Rambousek L, Palenicek T, Vales K, Stuchlik A.", "abstract": "The involvement of the serotonin system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been elucidated by experiments with hallucinogens. Application of a hallucinogen to humans leads to changes in perception, cognition, emotions, and induction of psychotic-like symptoms that resemble symptoms of schizophrenia. In rodent studies, their acute administration affects sensorimotor gating, locomotor activity, social behavior, and cognition including working memory, the phenotypes are considered as an animal model of schizophrenia. The complexity and singularity of human cognition raises questions about the validity of animal models utilizing agonists of 5-HT2A receptors. The present study thus investigated the effect of psilocin on memory acquisition, reinforced retrieval, and memory consolidation in rats. Psilocin is a main metabolite of psilocybin acting as an agonist at 5-HT2A receptors with a contribution of 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors. First, we tested the effect of psilocin on the acquisition of a Carousel maze, a spatial task requiring navigation using distal cues, attention, and cognitive coordination. Psilocin significantly impaired the acquisition of the Carousel maze at both doses (1 and 4 mg/kg). The higher dose of psilocin blocked the learning processes even in an additional session when the rats received only saline. Next, we examined the effect of psilocin on reinforced retrieval and consolidation in the Morris water maze (MWM). The dose of 4 mg/kg disrupted reinforced retrieval in the MWM. However, the application of a lower dose was without any significant effect. Finally, neither the low nor high dose of psilocin injected post-training caused a deficit in memory consolidation in the MWM. Taken together, the psilocin dose dependently impaired the acquisition of the Carousel maze and reinforced retrieval in MWM; however, it had no effect on memory consolidation.", "journal": "Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2014-05-15", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00180", "pubmed_id": "24904332", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00180", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24904332\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1983083273\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":55,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W197189826\",\"https://openalex.org/W1863507840\",\"https://openalex.org/W1918269093\",\"https://openalex.org/W1940682915\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965303778\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975553009\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977233998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979174934\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982243334\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988081587\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990673661\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993616139\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000214310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002233292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006451488\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016476517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017169966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022626595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032456040\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035918990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037228825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039212226\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048184801\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053292397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058567736\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059671852\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065086912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065359456\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065636979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073997074\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076877247\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079258526\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082149624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083346490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085564728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092517056\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093793657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103692957\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134286411\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145107163\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166952073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2316721389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2395585292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2403525433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413490245\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415182200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2425523432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2431668461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2469173608\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6720385280\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065710987\",\"display_name\":\"Lukáš Rambousek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-8693\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012749149\",\"display_name\":\"Karel Valeš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-4535\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070653866\",\"display_name\":\"Aleš Stuchlı́k\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-6305\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S76576941\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00180\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Animal Study", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1983083273" }, { "id": 2530, "title": "Psilocybin-Induced Decrease in Amygdala Reactivity Correlates with Enhanced Positive Mood in Healthy Volunteers.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced decrease in amygdala reactivity correlates with enhanced positive mood in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Kraehenmann R, Preller KH, Scheidegger M, Pokorny T, Bosch OG, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundThe amygdala is a key structure in serotonergic emotion-processing circuits. In healthy volunteers, acute administration of the serotonin 1A/2A/2C receptor agonist psilocybin reduces neural responses to negative stimuli and induces mood changes toward positive states. However, it is little-known whether psilocybin reduces amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli and whether any change in amygdala reactivity is related to mood change.MethodsThis study assessed the effects of acute administration of the hallucinogen psilocybin (.16 mg/kg) versus placebo on amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli in 25 healthy volunteers using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mood changes were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A double-blind, randomized, cross-over design was used with volunteers counterbalanced to receive psilocybin and placebo in two separate sessions at least 14 days apart.ResultsAmygdala reactivity to negative and neutral stimuli was lower after psilocybin administration than after placebo administration. The psilocybin-induced attenuation of right amygdala reactivity in response to negative stimuli was related to the psilocybin-induced increase in positive mood state.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that acute treatment with psilocybin decreased amygdala reactivity during emotion processing and that this was associated with an increase of positive mood in healthy volunteers. These findings may be relevant to the normalization of amygdala hyperactivity and negative mood states in patients with major depression.", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2014-04-25", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010", "pubmed_id": "24882567", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010", "keywords": "Amygdala, Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Depression, Affect, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24882567\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093203605\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":324,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1547500656\",\"https://openalex.org/W1552978522\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1919168435\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968806178\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968837585\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968912840\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969392677\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974077854\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976753688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987599891\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998637554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000681816\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016660677\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018013323\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022272156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023118385\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030462630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030472555\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040537810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044264234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045411897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050472078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054428623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058046532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060926272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062089925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062190490\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062577826\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066231855\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077188072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079346309\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082076406\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082369948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087209021\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088160189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091715004\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095986387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096407697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097031641\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102343823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103880802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109661582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110290939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111464173\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117590310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117693696\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118492070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118707925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121748618\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130755626\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136148200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136485397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136794022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138538218\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147351252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149721894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152817345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155690750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161085199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168778334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169615651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171055927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2274313778\",\"https://openalex.org/W2285774466\",\"https://openalex.org/W2438505389\",\"https://openalex.org/W2913421382\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086978778\",\"display_name\":\"Rainer Kraehenmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-0726\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5040977207\",\"display_name\":\"Katrin H. Preller\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-7672\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050503083\",\"display_name\":\"Milan Scheidegger\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-2208\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5002125925\",\"display_name\":\"Oliver G. Bosch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-0859\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2093203605" }, { "id": 2561, "title": "Quantitative phosphoproteomics unravels biased phosphorylation of serotonin 2A receptor at Ser280 by hallucinogenic versus nonhallucinogenic agonists.", "normalized_title": "quantitative phosphoproteomics unravels biased phosphorylation of serotonin 2a receptor at ser280 by hallucinogenic versus nonhallucinogenic agonists", "authors": "Karaki S, Becamel C, Murat S, Mannoury la Cour C, Millan MJ, Prézeau L, Bockaert J, Marin P, Vandermoere F.", "abstract": "The serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor is a primary target of psychedelic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamine, mescaline, and psilocybin, which reproduce some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. An incompletely resolved paradox is that only some 5-HT(2A) receptor agonists exhibit hallucinogenic activity, whereas structurally related agonists with comparable affinity and activity lack such a psychoactive activity. Using a strategy combining stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture with enrichment in phosphorylated peptides by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography followed by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, we compared the phosphoproteome in HEK-293 cells transiently expressing the 5-HT(2A) receptor and exposed to either vehicle or the synthetic hallucinogen 1-[2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl]-2-aminopropane (DOI) or the nonhallucinogenic 5-HT(2A) agonist lisuride. Among the 5995 identified phosphorylated peptides, 16 sites were differentially phosphorylated upon exposure of cells to DOI versus lisuride. These include a serine (Ser(280)) located in the third intracellular loop of the 5-HT(2A) receptor, a region important for its desensitization. The specific phosphorylation of Ser(280) by hallucinogens was further validated by quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of immunopurified receptor digests and by Western blotting using a phosphosite specific antibody. The administration of DOI, but not of lisuride, to mice, enhanced the phosphorylation of 5-HT(2A) receptors at Ser(280) in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, hallucinogens induced a less pronounced desensitization of receptor-operated signaling in HEK-293 cells and neurons than did nonhallucinogenic agonists. The mutation of Ser(280) to aspartic acid (to mimic phosphorylation) reduced receptor desensitization by nonhallucinogenic agonists, whereas its mutation to alanine increased the ability of hallucinogens to desensitize the receptor. This study reveals a biased phosphorylation of the 5-HT(2A) receptor in response to hallucinogenic versus nonhallucinogenic agonists, which underlies their distinct capacity to desensitize the receptor.", "journal": "Molecular & Cellular Proteomics", "publication_date": "2014-03-16", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1074/mcp.m113.036558", "pubmed_id": "24637012", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m113.036558", "keywords": "Prefrontal Cortex, Neurons, Cells, Cultured, Animals, Humans, Mice, Amphetamines, Lisuride, Serine, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Proteomics, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Phosphorylation, HEK293 Cells, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24637012\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2116715079\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":73,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1503765703\",\"https://openalex.org/W1625702540\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965303778\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981568254\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981875451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986945180\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991074752\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995989434\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996467813\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999060556\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999450178\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036507117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037606383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039541786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051639699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053071903\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057122292\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057136443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066199312\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068007833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071159103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075352853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079882316\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080752012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087773298\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089553250\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091608595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094843483\",\"https://openalex.org/W2111373319\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121473111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123684145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140946052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140969503\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141175006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145054656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2152186486\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157769365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162172965\",\"https://openalex.org/W2164090974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2166103925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2168386087\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110213700\",\"display_name\":\"Samah Karaki\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035079972\",\"display_name\":\"Carine Bécamel\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-681X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5014068590\",\"display_name\":\"Samy Murat\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-3110\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108488272\",\"display_name\":\"Clotilde Mannoury la Cour\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5041494494\",\"display_name\":\"Mark J. Millan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-0301\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019678940\",\"display_name\":\"Laurent Prézeau\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-1084\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045863654\",\"display_name\":\"Joël Bockaert\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-9529\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062205416\",\"display_name\":\"Philippe Marin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-7274\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090500699\",\"display_name\":\"Franck Vandermoere\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5724-7037\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S104550190\",\"source_display_name\":\"Molecular & Cellular Proteomics\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m113.036558\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions,Proteomics", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2116715079" }, { "id": 2059, "title": "P.4.022 The impact of serotonin system modulation on behavior and quantitative EEG in an animal model of psychosis induced by psilocin", "normalized_title": "p 4 022 the impact of serotonin system modulation on behavior and quantitative eeg in an animal model of psychosis induced by psilocin", "authors": "Tyls F., Palenicek T., Novakova P., Kaderabek L., Fujakova M., Kubesova A., Horacek J.", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2014-02-28", "publication_year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70111-7", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70111-7", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:21:33", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70111-7\",\"reference_dois\":[],\"reference_count\":0}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2082960650" }, { "id": 5303, "title": "EPA-0137 - EEG power spectra and connectivity changes in animal serotonergic and glutamatergic models of psychosis - implications for treatment", "normalized_title": "epa 0137 eeg power spectra and connectivity changes in animal serotonergic and glutamatergic models of psychosis implications for treatment", "authors": "Tomáš Páleníček, Filip Tylš, M. Fujáková, Anna Kubešová, Pavlína Nováková, L. Kadeřábek, Martin Brunovský, Jiřı́ Horáček", "abstract": "Pharmacological models of psychosis bring a unique tool for studying brain disconnection in humans as well as in animals. Even though several electrophysiological biomarkers have been already described in schizophrenia, little is known about EEG biomarkers in pharmacological models of psychosis and about the translational validity of these data. Studies on EEG brain connectivity in rodents under these circumstances are extremely rare. To elucidate the characteristic patterns of EEG connectivity in freely moving rats we have conducted a series of experiments in serotonergic and glutamatergic models of psychosis. Using multiple cortical electrodes, EEG spectral and connectivity analysis was performed on selected episodes of behavioral inactivity - a model of resting EEG. The analyses showed consistent changes that were specific for each of the models used. Glutamatergic models with ketamine and dizocilpin (MK-801) induced typical global increase in high frequency oscillations. On the contrary, in serotonergic models (psilocin, mescaline, LSD, DOB, 2C-B) a global power decrease was observed. A common denominator in both models was a global decrease in connectivity expressed as decreased coherence in most of the frequency bands. A translational validity of these findings is supported by findings in schizophrenia patients and by recent human studies with ketamine and psilocybin. Recently obtained results with drugs modulating serotonergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission will be also discussed in the light of potential therapeutic implications. This work was supported by projects IGA MH CZ NT/13897 and DRO (PCP, 00023752), MI CZ VG20122015080 and VG20122015075, ECGA278006.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2013-12-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-9338(14)77609-6", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(14)77609-6", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Glutamatergic, Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, Psychosis, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychology, Dopaminergic, Medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Glutamate receptor, Dopamine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Functional Brain Connectivity Studies, Neural dynamics and brain function, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1978519803\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1978519803\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056888000\",\"display_name\":\"Tomáš Páleníček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9539\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012044574\",\"display_name\":\"Filip Tylš\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-6999\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003753139\",\"display_name\":\"M. Fujáková\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5067625805\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Kubešová\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033609698\",\"display_name\":\"Pavlína Nováková\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074167242\",\"display_name\":\"L. Kadeřábek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077855950\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Brunovský\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-0848\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012893465\",\"display_name\":\"Jiřı́ Horáček\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-7306\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(14)77609-6\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1978519803" }, { "id": 5302, "title": "EPA-1211 - Role of 5-HT2a and mglu2 as a gpcr heterocomplex in antipsychotic action", "normalized_title": "epa 1211 role of 5 ht2a and mglu2 as a gpcr heterocomplex in antipsychotic action", "authors": "Javier González-Maeso", "abstract": "The serotonin (5-HT) and glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter systems are suspected in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. A high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is a common characteristic of all atypical antipsychotics. Hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin, produce psychosis-like syndrome in humans that resembles the first episodes of schizophrenia. In addition, in recent clinical studies, a metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist has shown promise as a new treatment for schizophrenia. We show that 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptors form a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteromeric complex through which serotonin and glutamate elicit a unique pattern of G protein coupling in living cells. Our findings suggest that the 5-HT2A-mGlu2-mediated changes in Gq and Gi activity predict the psychoactive behavioral effects of a variety of pharmacological compounds, including antipsychotic and hallucinogen. These observations provide a molecular mechanistic insight into antipsychotic action.", "journal": "European Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2013-12-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78457-3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78457-3", "keywords": "Metabotropic receptor, Hallucinogen, 5-HT2 receptor, Pharmacology, G protein-coupled receptor, Serotonin, Antipsychotic, Atypical antipsychotic, Psychosis, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Metabotropic glutamate receptor, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, Neuroscience, 5-HT receptor, Agonist, Psychology, Receptor, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research, Psychedelics and Drug Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1970799783\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1970799783\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S87202501\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78457-3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1970799783" }, { "id": 5306, "title": "Literature review: Considerations for Psychedelic Research", "normalized_title": "literature review considerations for psychedelic research", "authors": "Charlesice Hawkins", "abstract": "Research on psychedelic substances is re-emerging. Here we review chemical and physiological effects in addition to medical uses for psychedelic substances. The most common substances included here as psychedelics are lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and peyote. Safety is the priority underlying the majority of the following studies.", "journal": "UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal", "publication_date": "2013-12-19", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.5070/m451020759", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5070/m451020759", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Lysergic acid, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Chemistry, Psychiatry, Organic chemistry, Serotonin, Biochemistry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767418535\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2767418535\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2014761647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039161542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113099805\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139192721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052856409\",\"display_name\":\"Charlesice Hawkins\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764620389\",\"source_display_name\":\"UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.5070/m451020759\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Safety", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2767418535" }, { "id": 2574, "title": "Serotonergic hyperactivity as a potential factor in developmental, acquired and drug-induced synesthesia.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic hyperactivity as a potential factor in developmental acquired and drug induced synesthesia", "authors": "Brogaard B.", "abstract": "Though synesthesia research has seen a huge growth in recent decades, and tremendous progress has been made in terms of understanding the mechanism and cause of synesthesia, we are still left mostly in the dark when it comes to the mechanistic commonalities (if any) among developmental, acquired and drug-induced synesthesia. We know that many forms of synesthesia involve aberrant structural or functional brain connectivity. Proposed mechanisms include direct projection and disinhibited feedback mechanisms, in which information from two otherwise structurally or functionally separate brain regions mix. We also know that synesthesia sometimes runs in families. However, it is unclear what causes its onset. Studies of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, LSD and mescaline, reveal that exposure to these drugs can induce synesthesia. One neurotransmitter suspected to be central to the perceptual changes is serotonin. Excessive serotonin in the brain may cause many of the characteristics of psychedelic intoxication. Excessive serotonin levels may also play a role in synesthesia acquired after brain injury. In brain injury sudden cell death floods local brain regions with serotonin and glutamate. This neurotransmitter flooding could perhaps result in unusual feature binding. Finally, developmental synesthesia that occurs in individuals with autism may be a result of alterations in the serotonergic system, leading to a blockage of regular gating mechanisms. I conclude on these grounds that one commonality among at least some cases of acquired, developmental and drug-induced synesthesia may be the presence of excessive levels of serotonin, which increases the excitability and connectedness of sensory brain regions.", "journal": "Frontiers in Human Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2013-10-20", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2013.00657", "pubmed_id": "24155703", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00657", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24155703\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Brogaard\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0897\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S146364893\",\"source_display_name\":\"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00657\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1977882221" }, { "id": 2575, "title": "Broadband cortical desynchronization underlies the human psychedelic state.", "normalized_title": "broadband cortical desynchronization underlies the human psychedelic state", "authors": "Muthukumaraswamy SD, Carhart-Harris RL, Moran RJ, Brookes MJ, Williams TM, Errtizoe D, Sessa B, Papadopoulos A, Bolstridge M, Singh KD, Feilding A, Friston KJ, Nutt DJ.", "abstract": "Psychedelic drugs produce profound changes in consciousness, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms for this remain unclear. Spontaneous and induced oscillatory activity was recorded in healthy human participants with magnetoencephalography after intravenous infusion of psilocybin--prodrug of the nonselective serotonin 2A receptor agonist and classic psychedelic psilocin. Psilocybin reduced spontaneous cortical oscillatory power from 1 to 50 Hz in posterior association cortices, and from 8 to 100 Hz in frontal association cortices. Large decreases in oscillatory power were seen in areas of the default-mode network. Independent component analysis was used to identify a number of resting-state networks, and activity in these was similarly decreased after psilocybin. Psilocybin had no effect on low-level visually induced and motor-induced gamma-band oscillations, suggesting that some basic elements of oscillatory brain activity are relatively preserved during the psychedelic experience. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that posterior cingulate cortex desynchronization can be explained by increased excitability of deep-layer pyramidal neurons, which are known to be rich in 5-HT2A receptors. These findings suggest that the subjective effects of psychedelics result from a desynchronization of ongoing oscillatory rhythms in the cortex, likely triggered by 5-HT2A receptor-mediated excitation of deep pyramidal cells.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2013-08-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.2063-13.2013", "pubmed_id": "24048847", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2063-13.2013", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Neural Pathways, Humans, Hallucinogens, Electrocardiography, Cortical Synchronization, Magnetoencephalography, Analysis of Variance, Photic Stimulation, Nonlinear Dynamics, Models, Neurological, Rest, Adult, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"24048847\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe 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Muthukumaraswamy\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-3920\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079076250\",\"display_name\":\"Rosalyn Moran\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-2621\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5106788181\",\"display_name\":\"Matthew J. Brookes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-8185\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579525\",\"display_name\":\"Tom A. Williams\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0223\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056667568\",\"display_name\":\"David Errtizoe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081065269\",\"display_name\":\"Ben Sessa\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-6060\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113509149\",\"display_name\":\"Andreas Papadopoulos\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073080173\",\"display_name\":\"Mark Bolstridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083338138\",\"display_name\":\"Krish D. Singh\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-2475\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071332026\",\"display_name\":\"Amanda Feilding\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1893\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086852785\",\"display_name\":\"Karl Friston\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8909\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016082897\",\"display_name\":\"David Nutt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5555990\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2063-13.2013\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2033134445" }, { "id": 2572, "title": "Serotonergic hallucinogens as translational models relevant to schizophrenia.", "normalized_title": "serotonergic hallucinogens as translational models relevant to schizophrenia", "authors": "Halberstadt AL, Geyer MA.", "abstract": "One of the oldest models of schizophrenia is based on the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens such as mescaline, psilocybin, and (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which act through the serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor. These compounds produce a 'model psychosis' in normal individuals that resembles at least some of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Based on these similarities, and because evidence has emerged that the serotonergic system plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in some patients, animal models relevant to schizophrenia have been developed based on hallucinogen effects. Here we review the behavioural effects of hallucinogens in four of those models, the receptor and neurochemical mechanisms for the effects and their translational relevance. Despite the difficulty of modelling hallucinogen effects in nonverbal species, animal models of schizophrenia based on hallucinogens have yielded important insights into the linkage between 5-HT and schizophrenia and have helped to identify receptor targets and interactions that could be exploited in the development of new therapeutic agents.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2013-08-12", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1017/s1461145713000722", "pubmed_id": "23942028", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145713000722", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Disease Models, Animal, Serotonin, Serotonin Agents, Antipsychotic Agents, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Translational Research, Biomedical", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23942028\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5309, "title": "PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS, MAGICAL THINKING AND PSYCHOSIS", "normalized_title": "psychedelic drugs magical thinking and psychosis", "authors": "Robin Carhart-Harris", "abstract": "After completing an undergraduate degree in Psychology in 2003, Robin studied psychoanalysis at Masters level, receiving his MA in 2004. In 2005, Robin began a four year PhD in Psychopharmacology at the University of Bristol. Working for Professor David Nutt and Dr Sue Wilson, Robin9s thesis focused on sleep and serotonin function in ecstasy users. Robin conducted a clinical study involving sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and tryptophan depletion. In 2009, working closely with the Beckley Foundation, he successfully coordinated the first clinical study of psilocybin in the UK and the first clinical study of a classic psychedelic drug in the UK for over 40 years. Also in 2009, Robin moved to Imperial College London to continue his work under the supervision of Professor David Nutt. With the collaboration of Professor Richard Wise at Cardiff University, Robin has since coordinated the first resting state fMRI investigation of a classic psychedelic drug and the first fMRI and PET investigations of psilocybin and MDMA. Robin is first author on a number of publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals including review articles with eminent neuroscientists Professor9s Helen Mayberg and Karl Friston. He has presented his data at several international conferences and has appeared on BBC News. Abstract Psychedelic (‘psyche’=soul/mind and ‘delos’=to make visible or clear) drugs have been used for centuries in mystical ceremonies. In the 1950/60s they were used widely in psychotherapy, under the premise that they lower psychological defences and facilitate psychological insight. Since the 1950s, the psychedelic state has been considered a model of psychosis. Today, all of these properties of psychedelics are researched: a single high-dose of psilocybin (magic mushrooms) has been found to produce profound, personality-changing spiritual-type experiences in healthy participants1, 2, psilocybin has been found to be effective in psychotherapy for end-of-life anxiety3 and the pharmacological pathways through which psychedelic effects are elicited (i.e. stimulation of the serotonin 2A receptor) continue to be linked with psychosis4. These variegated properties do not seem entirely consistent with one another - e.g. how can the same drug be both psychotomimetic and therapeutically useful? This presentation will attempt to resolve this apparent paradox. Evidence will be cited to support the hypothesis that the prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis, spontaneously occurring spiritual experiences and the psychedelic drug state rest on the same neurobiological state - hereafter referred to as the primitive state. This state is described psychologically as evolutionarily regressive, i.e. it is a state the mind and brain falls back to under certain conditions. This evolutionarily primitive state is characterised by magical thinking: i.e. fallacious thinking in which reality-testing is disavowed and thoughts are easily biased by wishes and anxieties. In the spiritual experience it is wishful fantasies that predominate (although not entirely) and in psychosis, it is paranoid thinking. In the psychedelic state, both wishful and paranoid thinking are common and the valence of the experience is highly sensitive to the environment in which it unfolds. That this state is so sensitive to environmental perturbation has important implications for both psychotherapy with psychedelics and treatment approaches for patients exhibiting signs of psychosis-risk - as it emphasises the importance of shepherding the experience in a positive direction. Underneath its sensitivity to suggestion however, is a more fundamental property of the primitive state: that the perception of difference or separateness breaks down. Evidence from functional brain imaging of a decrease in the orthogonality of different brain states in psychosis, the psychedelic-state and the meditative state is presented - and used to support the hypothesis that there is a breakdown of ‘multiplicity’ in the primitive state which lies at the base of descriptions of ‘union’ or ‘oneness’5.", "journal": "Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2013-08-05", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1136/jnnp-2013-306103.17", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306103.17", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychoanalysis, Psychology, Trance, Altered state, Mysticism, Psyche, Psychiatry, Art, Sociology, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Literature, Consciousness, Anthropology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2003006205\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2003006205\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2024904848\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118739111\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2122335802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038609897\",\"display_name\":\"Robin Carhart-Harris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S134773490\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306103.17\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,End-of-Life Distress,Brain Imaging,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Personality Change,Spirituality,Mystical Experience,Review Article,Healthy Volunteers,Safety", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2003006205" }, { "id": 2553, "title": "Spatiotemporal brain dynamics of emotional face processing modulations induced by the serotonin 1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "spatiotemporal brain dynamics of emotional face processing modulations induced by the serotonin 1a 2a receptor agonist psilocybin", "authors": "Bernasconi F, Schmidt A, Pokorny T, Kometer M, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Emotional face processing is critically modulated by the serotonergic system. For instance, emotional face processing is impaired by acute psilocybin administration, a serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 2A receptor agonist. However, the spatiotemporal brain mechanisms underlying these modulations are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal brain dynamics underlying psilocybin-induced modulations during emotional face processing. Electrical neuroimaging analyses were applied to visual evoked potentials in response to emotional faces, following psilocybin and placebo administration. Our results indicate a first time period of strength (i.e., Global Field Power) modulation over the 168-189 ms poststimulus interval, induced by psilocybin. A second time period of strength modulation was identified over the 211-242 ms poststimulus interval. Source estimations over these 2 time periods further revealed decreased activity in response to both neutral and fearful faces within limbic areas, including amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, and the right temporal cortex over the 168-189 ms interval, and reduced activity in response to happy faces within limbic and right temporo-occipital brain areas over the 211-242 ms interval. Our results indicate a selective and temporally dissociable effect of psilocybin on the neuronal correlates of emotional face processing, consistent with a modulation of the top-down control.", "journal": "Cerebral Cortex", "publication_date": "2013-07-15", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bht178", "pubmed_id": "23861318", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht178", "keywords": "Face, Temporal Lobe, Humans, Electroencephalography, Brain Mapping, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychometrics, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23861318\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2169957979\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":62,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1598932076\",\"https://openalex.org/W1659118978\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963945289\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964970417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966282919\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968218572\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972637069\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976073163\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979458375\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979612257\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982322471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984163458\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990253761\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990545822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991124987\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995051494\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997979827\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001012944\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001428189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007702933\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011082377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012272477\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013825418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019312772\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022288443\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025132602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025221637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026832357\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026955890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034010615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034272133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035398019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036970657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040624569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043539548\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058207180\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066027038\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069674721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073570537\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074270863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083433785\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086826185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088688195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089188198\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091987383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095279262\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096377479\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096817458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098418070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098846409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100724786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101790396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104461993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110431345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116628589\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117459380\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119134849\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126449881\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130423340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133318750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135286048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139628377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140443081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160610103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163072248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2182371455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327595266\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334566563\",\"https://openalex.org/W3127623214\",\"https://openalex.org/W3142828467\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236533540\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019971665\",\"display_name\":\"Fosco Bernasconi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6598\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009222806\",\"display_name\":\"Thomas Pokorny\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8874\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S117898428\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cerebral Cortex\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht178\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2169957979" }, { "id": 2580, "title": "Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning.", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning", "authors": "Catlow BJ, Song S, Paredes DA, Kirstein CL, Sanchez-Ramos J.", "abstract": "Drugs that modulate serotonin (5-HT) synaptic concentrations impact neurogenesis and hippocampal (HPC)-dependent learning. The primary objective is to determine the extent to which psilocybin (PSOP) modulates neurogenesis and thereby affects acquisition and extinction of HPC-dependent trace fear conditioning. PSOP, the 5-HT2A agonist 25I-NBMeO and the 5-HT2A/C antagonist ketanserin were administered via an acute intraperitoneal injection to mice. Trace fear conditioning was measured as the amount of time spent immobile in the presence of the conditioned stimulus (CS, auditory tone), trace (silent interval) and post-trace interval over 10 trials. Extinction was determined by the number of trials required to resume mobility during CS, trace and post-trace when the shock was not delivered. Neurogenesis was determined by unbiased counts of cells in the dentate gyrus of the HPC birth-dated with BrdU co-expressing a neuronal marker. Mice treated with a range of doses of PSOP acquired a robust conditioned fear response. Mice injected with low doses of PSOP extinguished cued fear conditioning significantly more rapidly than high-dose PSOP or saline-treated mice. Injection of PSOP, 25I-NBMeO or ketanserin resulted in significant dose-dependent decreases in number of newborn neurons in hippocampus. At the low doses of PSOP that enhanced extinction, neurogenesis was not decreased, but rather tended toward an increase. Extinction of \"fear conditioning\" may be mediated by actions of the drugs at sites other than hippocampus such as the amygdala, which is known to mediate the perception of fear. Another caveat is that PSOP is not purely selective for 5-HT2A receptors. PSOP facilitates extinction of the classically conditioned fear response, and this, and similar agents, should be explored as potential treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder and related conditions.", "journal": "Experimental Brain Research", "publication_date": "2013-06-01", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1007/s00221-013-3579-0", "pubmed_id": "23727882", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3579-0", "keywords": "Hippocampus, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Hallucinogens, Fear, Male, Extinction, Psychological, Neurogenesis, Psilocybin, Conditioning, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23727882\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051271111\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":265,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W159676469\",\"https://openalex.org/W1502362666\",\"https://openalex.org/W1513763202\",\"https://openalex.org/W1581458838\",\"https://openalex.org/W1625103160\",\"https://openalex.org/W1670625131\",\"https://openalex.org/W1919168435\",\"https://openalex.org/W1950744654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963940970\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964282002\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965063801\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966023781\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968840425\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969855549\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972916838\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974109667\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977233998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980499453\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981924896\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990574782\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995188451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995322608\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000706273\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003545653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004107819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005436448\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015011531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023390598\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024436146\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024565969\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025604203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034951640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040296549\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043279036\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048030645\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052479083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069474577\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083194463\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094201117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095256251\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095643440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095812114\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100901337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116750744\",\"https://openalex.org/W2119503012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121651624\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131937487\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133565799\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139450672\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145077203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146493911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154908600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158506678\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162519480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170915041\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171055927\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171327301\",\"https://openalex.org/W2308863365\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238538700\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239785504\",\"https://openalex.org/W4254785031\",\"https://openalex.org/W4256202472\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019454541\",\"display_name\":\"Briony J. Catlow\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051270572\",\"display_name\":\"Shijie Song\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-3841\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018874284\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Paredes\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-8001\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021134828\",\"display_name\":\"Cheryl L. Kirstein\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028208209\",\"display_name\":\"Juan Sanchez-Ramos\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3391-7857\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S45281609\",\"source_display_name\":\"Experimental Brain Research\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3579-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "PTSD,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2051271111" }, { "id": 2583, "title": "Activation of serotonin 2A receptors underlies the psilocybin-induced effects on α oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and visual hallucinations.", "normalized_title": "activation of serotonin 2a receptors underlies the psilocybin induced effects on α oscillations n170 visual evoked potentials and visual hallucinations", "authors": "Kometer M, Schmidt A, Jäncke L, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Visual illusions and hallucinations are hallmarks of serotonergic hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. Although the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin activates multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptors, recent evidence suggests that activation of 5-HT2A receptors may lead to the formation of visual hallucinations by increasing cortical excitability and altering visual-evoked cortical responses. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of psilocybin (215 μg/kg vs placebo) on both α oscillations that regulate cortical excitability and early visual-evoked P1 and N170 potentials in healthy human subjects. To further disentangle the specific contributions of 5-HT2A receptors, subjects were additionally pretreated with the preferential 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (50 mg vs placebo). We found that psilocybin strongly decreased prestimulus parieto-occipital α power values, thus precluding a subsequent stimulus-induced α power decrease. Furthermore, psilocybin strongly decreased N170 potentials associated with the appearance of visual perceptual alterations, including visual hallucinations. All of these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin, indicating that activation of 5-HT2A receptors by psilocybin profoundly modulates the neurophysiological and phenomenological indices of visual processing. Specifically, activation of 5-HT2A receptors may induce a processing mode in which stimulus-driven cortical excitation is overwhelmed by spontaneous neuronal excitation through the modulation of α oscillations. Furthermore, the observed reduction of N170 visual-evoked potentials may be a key mechanism underlying 5-HT2A receptor-mediated visual hallucinations. This change in N170 potentials may be important not only for psilocybin-induced states but also for understanding acute hallucinatory states seen in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2013-05-31", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.3007-12.2013", "pubmed_id": "23785166", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3007-12.2013", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Alpha Rhythm, Analysis of Variance, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Double-Blind Method, Photic Stimulation, Consciousness, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Psychometrics, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23785166\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2020974659\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":357,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1561090407\",\"https://openalex.org/W1578550907\",\"https://openalex.org/W1676514359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1722437726\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965234735\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968247093\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977223859\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988102740\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993547521\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996538430\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020928796\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021170333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022044536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026136738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033553753\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034146105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042318979\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043877765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045823207\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050473619\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050479285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055389171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061152951\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067154139\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079164751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086590261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094441958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094930158\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096407697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101295242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104624711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107504156\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117049078\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131113091\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134498737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134503929\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134831221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134902990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139203422\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140362090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171783484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2172243197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439377083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798308215\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032741510\",\"display_name\":\"Lutz Jäncke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-9067\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5555990\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3007-12.2013\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2020974659" }, { "id": 2581, "title": "Identification of novel psychoactive drug use in Sweden based on laboratory analysis--initial experiences from the STRIDA project.", "normalized_title": "identification of novel psychoactive drug use in sweden based on laboratory analysis initial experiences from the strida project", "authors": "Helander A, Beck O, Hägerkvist R, Hultén P.", "abstract": "AimThe study aimed to collect information concerning the increasing use of new psychoactive substances, commonly sold through online shops as 'Internet drugs' or 'legal highs', or in terms of masked products such as 'bath salts' and 'plant food'.MethodsThe Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Laboratory and the Swedish Poisons Information Centre have initiated a project called 'STRIDA' aiming to monitor the occurrence and trends of new psychoactive substances in Sweden, and collect information about their clinical symptoms, toxicity and associated health risks. A liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) multi-component method has been developed, currently allowing for the determination of > 80 novel psychoactive compounds or metabolites thereof. This study focused mainly on the particular drug substances identified and the population demographics of the initial STRIDA cases.ResultsIn urine and/or blood samples obtained from 103 consecutive cases of admitted or suspected recreational drug intoxications in mostly young subjects (78% were ≤ 25 years, and 81% were males) presenting at emergency departments all over the country, psychoactive substances were detected in 82%. The substances comprised synthetic cannabinoids ('Spice'; JWH analogues), substituted cathinones ('bath salts'; e.g. butylone, MDPV and methylone) and tryptamines (4-HO-MET), plant-based substances (mitragynine and psilocin), as well as conventional drugs-of-abuse. In 44% of the cases, more than one new psychoactive substance, or a mixture of new and/or conventional drugs were detected.ConclusionThe initial results of the STRIDA project have documented use of a broad variety of new psychoactive substances among mainly young people all over Sweden.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2013-05-21", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.3109/00365513.2013.793817", "pubmed_id": "23692208", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2013.793817", "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Tryptamines, Amphetamines, Methamphetamine, Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids, Benzodiazepines, Indoles, Psychotropic Drugs, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Sweden, Female, Male, Young Adult, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Illicit Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23692208\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Adolescents,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2028152704" }, { "id": 2590, "title": "Chronic treatment with LY341495 decreases 5-HT(2A) receptor binding and hallucinogenic effects of LSD in mice.", "normalized_title": "chronic treatment with ly341495 decreases 5 ht 2a receptor binding and hallucinogenic effects of lsd in mice", "authors": "Moreno JL, Holloway T, Rayannavar V, Sealfon SC, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "Hallucinogenic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and psilocybin, alter perception and cognitive processes. All hallucinogenic drugs have in common a high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor. Metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptor ligands show efficacy in modulating the cellular and behavioral responses induced by hallucinogenic drugs. Here, we explored the effect of chronic treatment with the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist 2S-2-amino-2-(1S,2S-2-carboxycyclopropan-1-yl)-3-(xanth-9-yl)-propionic acid (LY341495) on the hallucinogenic-like effects induced by LSD (0.24mg/kg). Mice were chronically (21 days) treated with LY341495 (1.5mg/kg), or vehicle, and experiments were carried out one day after the last injection. Chronic treatment with LY341495 down-regulated [(3)H]ketanserin binding in somatosensory cortex of wild-type, but not mGlu2 knockout (KO), mice. Head-twitch behavior, and expression of c-fos, egr-1 and egr-2, which are responses induced by hallucinogenic 5-HT(2A) agonists, were found to be significantly decreased by chronic treatment with LY341495. These findings suggest that repeated blockade of the mGlu2 receptor by LY341495 results in reduced 5-HT(2A) receptor-dependent hallucinogenic effects of LSD.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2013-01-15", "publication_year": 2013, "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.053", "pubmed_id": "23333599", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.053", "keywords": "Somatosensory Cortex, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Xanthenes, Amino Acids, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Radioligand Assay, Stereotyped Behavior, Drug Antagonism, Male, Early Growth Response Protein 1, Early Growth Response Protein 2", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23333599\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2084123852" }, { "id": 5313, "title": "Activation of Serotonin 2A Receptors Underlies the Psilocybin-Induced Effects on α Oscillations, N170 Visual-Evoked Potentials, and Visual Hallucinations", "normalized_title": "activation of serotonin 2a receptors underlies the psilocybin induced effects on α oscillations n170 visual evoked potentials and visual hallucinations", "authors": "Kometer, Michael, Schmidt, André, Jäncke, Lutz, Vollenweider, Franz X", "abstract": "", "journal": "Open MIND", "publication_date": "2012-12-31", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://openalex.org/W6929930661", "keywords": "Visual Hallucination, Neuroscience, Serotonin, Psychology, Medicine, Depression (economics), Receptor, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), 5-HT receptor, Hallucinogen, Central nervous system, Psychosis, Action (physics), Cognition, Visual perception, Blood disorders and treatments, CRISPR and Genetic Engineering, Genomics and Rare Diseases", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:04", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W6929930661\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W6929930661\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Kometer, Michael\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Schmidt, André\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Jäncke, Lutz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"Vollenweider, Franz X\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4406922384\",\"source_display_name\":\"Open MIND\",\"landing_page_url\":null,\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Genomics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W6929930661" }, { "id": 2593, "title": "Animal models of serotonergic psychedelics.", "normalized_title": "animal models of serotonergic psychedelics", "authors": "Hanks JB, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "The serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor is the major target of psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin. Serotonergic psychedelics induce profound effects on cognition, emotion, and sensory processing that often seem uniquely human. This raises questions about the validity of animal models of psychedelic drug action. Nonetheless, recent findings suggest behavioral abnormalities elicited by psychedelics in rodents that predict such effects in humans. Here we review the behavioral effects induced by psychedelic drugs in rodent models, discuss the translational potential of these findings, and define areas where further research is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms and neuronal circuits underlying their neuropsychological effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2012-09-23", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1021/cn300138m", "pubmed_id": "23336043", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cn300138m", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Rodentia, Mice, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Models, Animal, Exploratory Behavior, Impulsive Behavior, Anxiety, Memory, Reinforcement Schedule, Time Perception, Head Movements, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Reflex, Startle, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"23336043\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2594, "title": "The NMDA antagonist ketamine and the 5-HT agonist psilocybin produce dissociable effects on structural encoding of emotional face expressions.", "normalized_title": "the nmda antagonist ketamine and the 5 ht agonist psilocybin produce dissociable effects on structural encoding of emotional face expressions", "authors": "Schmidt A, Kometer M, Bachmann R, Seifritz E, Vollenweider F.", "abstract": "RationaleBoth glutamate and serotonin (5-HT) play a key role in the pathophysiology of emotional biases. Recent studies indicate that the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine and the 5-HT receptor agonist psilocybin are implicated in emotion processing. However, as yet, no study has systematically compared their contribution to emotional biases.ObjectivesThis study used event-related potentials (ERPs) and signal detection theory to compare the effects of the NMDA (via S-ketamine) and 5-HT (via psilocybin) receptor system on non-conscious or conscious emotional face processing biases.MethodsS-ketamine or psilocybin was administrated to two groups of healthy subjects in a double-blind within-subject placebo-controlled design. We behaviorally assessed objective thresholds for non-conscious discrimination in all drug conditions. Electrophysiological responses to fearful, happy, and neutral faces were subsequently recorded with the face-specific P100 and N170 ERP.ResultsBoth S-ketamine and psilocybin impaired the encoding of fearful faces as expressed by a reduced N170 over parieto-occipital brain regions. In contrast, while S-ketamine also impaired the encoding of happy facial expressions, psilocybin had no effect on the N170 in response to happy faces.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the NMDA and 5-HT receptor systems differentially contribute to the structural encoding of emotional face expressions as expressed by the N170. These findings suggest that the assessment of early visual evoked responses might allow detecting pharmacologically induced changes in emotional processing biases and thus provides a framework to study the pathophysiology of dysfunctional emotional biases.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2012-07-26", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-012-2811-0", "pubmed_id": "22836372", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2811-0", "keywords": "Humans, Ketamine, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Facial Expression, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22836372\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2053750947\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":94,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1519546867\",\"https://openalex.org/W1598932076\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963945289\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964678898\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964970417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972637069\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974110307\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976753688\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982104210\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982322471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982565411\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983792647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989324273\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990254102\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993443243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994035057\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995051494\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001094052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014487671\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016780239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022571044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022944789\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025221637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026955890\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028884770\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029925498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034010615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034272133\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035398019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038679353\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041981853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055098509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067901581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072283174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073547940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075033894\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075247632\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075261311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086826185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087285949\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088688195\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098846409\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100975545\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101520758\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102937307\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103472153\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104461993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105909330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106959550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108359619\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108403304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109334244\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117726899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121183562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121277032\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127864680\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131066767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2132227967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133462240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2136619901\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137125240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140443081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143663807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151502637\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154527697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155851653\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157280830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160610103\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160719354\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161482773\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163072248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163901176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165707697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245231029\",\"https://openalex.org/W2253012839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2737054084\",\"https://openalex.org/W2791321831\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4232609309\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022192518\",\"display_name\":\"Rosilla Bachmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2811-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2053750947" }, { "id": 5321, "title": "Anticholinergic toxicity after the ingestion of serotonergic 'magic mushrooms'", "normalized_title": "anticholinergic toxicity after the ingestion of serotonergic magic mushrooms", "authors": "Jacomien Aleman, Mirjam Crul, Peter H. J. van der Voort, Eric J. F. Franssen", "abstract": "Case report. We report a case of psilocybin toxicity, causing an anticholinergic syndrome, after the consumption of Psilocybe Mexicana, a serotonergic mushroom. The patient was unconscious on admission to hospital, with mydriasis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypotension and respiratory failure after using cannabis all day and a portion of 'magic mushrooms' in addition to his regular medication which included GABAergic and anticholinergic drugs. The presence of psilocin (in serum) and cannabis (in urine) was confirmed. The patient was admitted to the ICU, treated with supportive care and was discharged after two days. Conclusion. Anticholinergic toxicity can occur when anticholinergic and GABAergic drugs are combined with cannabis and Psilocybe Mexicana and may result in life-threatening organ failure.", "journal": "Pure Amsterdam UMC", "publication_date": "2012-05-31", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/9641390d-ba9e-4cf0-a1d5-445ec0f4717b", "keywords": "Anticholinergic, Serotonergic, Medicine, Psilocybin, Anesthesia, Toxicity, Mydriasis, Ingestion, Cannabis, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2184921858\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2184921858\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1528809860\",\"https://openalex.org/W1584442372\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1988321640\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999198024\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063975302\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082661440\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123778879\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165928147\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171275714\",\"https://openalex.org/W3151646759\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066250863\",\"display_name\":\"Jacomien Aleman\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024683427\",\"display_name\":\"Mirjam Crul\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-2388\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031625832\",\"display_name\":\"Peter H. J. van der Voort\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2843\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073189722\",\"display_name\":\"Eric J. F. Franssen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-0730\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S7407055222\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pure Amsterdam UMC\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/9641390d-ba9e-4cf0-a1d5-445ec0f4717b\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "End-of-Life Distress,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Toxicity", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2184921858" }, { "id": 2597, "title": "Psilocybin biases facial recognition, goal-directed behavior, and mood state toward positive relative to negative emotions through different serotonergic subreceptors.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin biases facial recognition goal directed behavior and mood state toward positive relative to negative emotions through different serotonergic subreceptors", "authors": "Kometer M, Schmidt A, Bachmann R, Studerus E, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundSerotonin (5-HT) 1A and 2A receptors have been associated with dysfunctional emotional processing biases in mood disorders. These receptors further predominantly mediate the subjective and behavioral effects of psilocybin and might be important for its recently suggested antidepressive effects. However, the effect of psilocybin on emotional processing biases and the specific contribution of 5-HT2A receptors across different emotional domains is unknown.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind study, 17 healthy human subjects received on 4 separate days placebo, psilocybin (215 μg/kg), the preferential 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (50 mg), or psilocybin plus ketanserin. Mood states were assessed by self-report ratings, and behavioral and event-related potential measurements were used to quantify facial emotional recognition and goal-directed behavior toward emotional cues.ResultsPsilocybin enhanced positive mood and attenuated recognition of negative facial expression. Furthermore, psilocybin increased goal-directed behavior toward positive compared with negative cues, facilitated positive but inhibited negative sequential emotional effects, and valence-dependently attenuated the P300 component. Ketanserin alone had no effects but blocked the psilocybin-induced mood enhancement and decreased recognition of negative facial expression.ConclusionsThis study shows that psilocybin shifts the emotional bias across various psychological domains and that activation of 5-HT2A receptors is central in mood regulation and emotional face recognition in healthy subjects. These findings may not only have implications for the pathophysiology of dysfunctional emotional biases but may also provide a framework to delineate the mechanisms underlying psylocybin's putative antidepressant effects.", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2012-05-09", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.005", "pubmed_id": "22578254", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.005", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Ketanserin, Receptors, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Affect, Goals, Neuropsychological Tests, Evoked Potentials, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin, Recognition, Psychology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22578254\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1974074998\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":299,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979086264\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1982282806\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990644324\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994271186\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994511912\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000571766\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001854690\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002469918\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014019620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019885188\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020444257\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022816995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026736418\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027680810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034119223\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034860560\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036575795\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039391993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040285006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040383829\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040624569\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042298460\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043009728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045618160\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055098509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060926272\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067512259\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067901581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068751924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069947117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071743179\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073547940\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073805480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074739635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075969679\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078806205\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083894864\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091600396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103296974\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104640717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105909330\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108384452\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116650724\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123750279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127699202\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134822928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140443081\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141820378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148905283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149522089\",\"https://openalex.org/W2149823098\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150407416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151985832\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153159895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153590575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157574960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158718741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163431819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170151899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170904543\",\"https://openalex.org/W2970485787\",\"https://openalex.org/W3171418018\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4292994367\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294333904\",\"https://openalex.org/W7074234824\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054234763\",\"display_name\":\"André Schmidt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022192518\",\"display_name\":\"Rosilla Bachmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034712307\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Studerus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0182\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045362944\",\"display_name\":\"Erich Seifritz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4426\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.005\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1974074998" }, { "id": 5322, "title": "Effects of the hallucinogenic drugs mescaline, phencyclidine and psilocybin on zebrafish behavior and physiology", "normalized_title": "effects of the hallucinogenic drugs mescaline phencyclidine and psilocybin on zebrafish behavior and physiology", "authors": "Evan J. Kyzar, Christopher Collins, Jeremy Green, Siddharth Gaikwad, Andrew Roth, Louis Monnig, Mohamed El-Ounsi, Nicholas Capezio, Andrew J. Freeman, Ari Davis, Allan V. Kalueff", "abstract": "Mescaline, phencyclidine (PCP) and psilocybin are potent hallucinogenic drugs strongly affecting both human and animal behavior. However, these compounds have not been previously investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio), rapidly gaining popularity as a model in psychopharmacology research. Here, we examine the effects of mescaline, PCP and psilocybin in multiple behavioral paradigms. Mescaline (10-20 mg/L) generally displayed an anxiolytic effect in the novel tank test, while PCP (1-3 mg/L) reduced freezing behavior and elicited a pattern of erratic swimming. Mescaline-treated fish markedly increased shoaling behavior and altered movement patterns in the open field test. Additionally, mescaline and PCP disrupted normal zebrafish exploratory behavior, as assessed by ethograms. Psilocybin at doses tested (0.5-3 mg/L) was inactive in all of the behavioral tests. Interestingly, both psilocybin and PCP raised whole-body cortisol levels without affecting brain c-fos expression, and mescaline did not alter cortisol or c-fos levels. Overall, this confirms the high sensitivity of zebrafish models to various hallucinogenic compounds with complex behavioral and physiological profiles. This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) R03 grant to AVK.", "journal": "The FASEB Journal", "publication_date": "2012-03-31", "publication_year": 2012, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1043.3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1043.3", "keywords": "Mescaline, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Phencyclidine, Pharmacology, Zebrafish, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychotomimetic, Danio, Scratching, Psychology, Open field, Chemistry, Serotonin, Medicine, Psychiatry, NMDA receptor, Biochemistry, Acoustics, Receptor, Gene, Physics, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2946624803\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2946624803\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5017518419\",\"display_name\":\"Evan J. Kyzar\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-0281\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101579278\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher Collins\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-6055\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022322707\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Green\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6102-2620\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049554476\",\"display_name\":\"Siddharth Gaikwad\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-7016\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5066899464\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew Roth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-8823\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055414085\",\"display_name\":\"Louis Monnig\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9471-0306\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029077541\",\"display_name\":\"Mohamed El-Ounsi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019410644\",\"display_name\":\"Nicholas Capezio\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074166417\",\"display_name\":\"Andrew J. Freeman\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0040-5617\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033552615\",\"display_name\":\"Ari Davis\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001115050\",\"display_name\":\"Allan V. Kalueff\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-1950\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S25293849\",\"source_display_name\":\"The FASEB Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1043.3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2946624803" }, { "id": 5327, "title": "Flavone Glycoside Antagonizes Psilocybin-Induced Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Rats Model", "normalized_title": "flavone glycoside antagonizes psilocybin induced toxicity by reducing oxidative stress in rats model", "authors": "LI Yu-bai", "abstract": "Objective To explore the effects of flavone glycoside on psilocybin-induced oxidative damage in rats.Methods Five group Sprague-Dawley rats(10 for each group) were received vehicle(Con),low dose of psilocybin(i.p.,0.5 μg/kg body weight)(LD),high dose of psilocybin(i.p.,1.5 μg/kg body weight)(HD),low dose of psilocybin(i.p.) plus flavone glycoside(i.p.100 mg/kg body weight)(LDR),and high dose of psilocybin(i.p.) plus flavone glycoside(i.p.)(HDR),respectively.Ratio of organ weight to body weight of each group was measured.Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) in serum of each group was evaluated with automated biochemistry analyzer.Oxidative stress-associated biochemical profile such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) was assessed using kits.Liver histology of each group was observed using immunohistochemistry method.Results Compared with control group,AST and ALT in HD group were significantly increased,suggested that high dose of psilocybin induced toxic damage.After high dose treatment with psilocybins,MDA and SOD of liver homogenesis were elevated but this enhancement was reduced in HDR group,indicated that flavone glycoside alleviated psilocybin-induced oxidative stress.Interestingly,this significant increase of SOD was not observed in the kidney and heart lysates,implying that injured sites may be organ-dependent.Furthermore,histological analysis showed that high dose psilocybin induced liver damage which was reversed by flavone glycoside.Conclusion Oxidative damage induced by psilocybin could be attenuated by flavone glycoside.Our present study provided a novel mechanism of psilocybin-induced toxicity evidence and its antidote strategy.", "journal": "Zhongguo Yike Daxue xuebao", "publication_date": "2011-12-31", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYK201201019.htm", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde, Chemistry, Superoxide dismutase, Pharmacology, Glycoside, Biochemistry, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Stereochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2361753049\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2361753049\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5006710918\",\"display_name\":\"LI Yu-bai\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2764587263\",\"source_display_name\":\"Zhongguo Yike Daxue xuebao\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYK201201019.htm\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Oxidative Stress,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2361753049" }, { "id": 5325, "title": "Psychedelic synaesthesia: Evidence for a serotonergic role in synaesthesia", "normalized_title": "psychedelic synaesthesia evidence for a serotonergic role in synaesthesia", "authors": "David Luke, Devin B. Terhune, Ross Friday", "abstract": "The neurobiology of synaesthesia is receiving growing attention in the search for insights into consciousness, such as the binding problem. One way of decoding the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this phenomenon is to investigate the induction of synaesthesia via neurochemical agents, as commonly occurs with psychedelic substances. How synaesthesia is affected by drugs can also help inform us of the neural mechanisms underlying this condition. To address these questions we surveyed a sample of recreational drug users regarding the prevalence, type and frequency of synaesthesia under the influence of psychedelics and other psychoactive substances. The results indicate that synaesthesia is frequently experienced following the consumption of serotonergic agonists such as LSD and psilocybin and that these same drugs appear to augment synaesthesia in congenital synaesthetes. These results implicate the serotonergic system in the experience of synaesthesia.", "journal": "Seeing and Perceiving", "publication_date": "2011-12-31", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1163/187847612x646956", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646956", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Psychology, Neurocognitive, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Neurochemical, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Cognition, Psychiatry, Medicine, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2063172886\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2063172886\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077423914\",\"display_name\":\"David Luke\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-2453\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057847008\",\"display_name\":\"Devin B. Terhune\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-4975\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5085178064\",\"display_name\":\"Ross Friday\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S107964287\",\"source_display_name\":\"Seeing and Perceiving\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646956\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2063172886" }, { "id": 2607, "title": "Mismatch negativity encoding of prediction errors predicts S-ketamine-induced cognitive impairments.", "normalized_title": "mismatch negativity encoding of prediction errors predicts s ketamine induced cognitive impairments", "authors": "Schmidt A, Bachmann R, Kometer M, Csomor PA, Stephan KE, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Psychotomimetics like the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine and the 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor (5-HT(2A)R) agonist psilocybin induce psychotic symptoms in healthy volunteers that resemble those of schizophrenia. Recent theories of psychosis posit that aberrant encoding of prediction errors (PE) may underlie the expression of psychotic symptoms. This study used a roving mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm to investigate whether the encoding of PE is affected by pharmacological manipulation of NMDAR or 5-HT(2A)R, and whether the encoding of PE under placebo can be used to predict drug-induced symptoms. Using a double-blind within-subject placebo-controlled design, S-ketamine and psilocybin, respectively, were administrated to two groups of healthy subjects. Psychological alterations were assessed using a revised version of the Altered States of Consciousness (ASC-R) questionnaire. As an index of PE, we computed changes in MMN amplitudes as a function of the number of preceding standards (MMN memory trace effect) during a roving paradigm. S-ketamine, but not psilocybin, disrupted PE processing as expressed by a frontally disrupted MMN memory trace effect. Although both drugs produced positive-like symptoms, the extent of PE processing under placebo only correlated significantly with the severity of cognitive impairments induced by S-ketamine. Our results suggest that the NMDAR, but not the 5-HT(2A)R system, is implicated in PE processing during the MMN paradigm, and that aberrant PE signaling may contribute to the formation of cognitive impairments. The assessment of the MMN memory trace in schizophrenia may allow detecting early phases of the illness and might also serve to assess the efficacy of novel pharmacological treatments, in particular of cognitive impairments.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2011-10-25", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1038/npp.2011.261", "pubmed_id": "22030715", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.261", "keywords": "Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Ketamine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Placebos, Electroencephalography, Double-Blind Method, Cognition Disorders, Schizophrenia, Forecasting, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22030715\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1989324273" }, { "id": 2609, "title": "Psilocybin-induced deficits in automatic and controlled inhibition are attenuated by ketanserin in healthy human volunteers.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced deficits in automatic and controlled inhibition are attenuated by ketanserin in healthy human volunteers", "authors": "Quednow BB, Kometer M, Geyer MA, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The serotonin-2A receptor (5-HT(2A)R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related inhibitory gating and behavioral inhibition deficits of schizophrenia patients. The hallucinogen psilocybin disrupts automatic forms of sensorimotor gating and response inhibition in humans, but it is unclear so far whether the 5-HT(2A)R or 5-HT(1A)R agonist properties of its bioactive metabolite psilocin account for these effects. Thus, we investigated whether psilocybin-induced deficits in automatic and controlled inhibition in healthy humans could be attenuated by the 5-HT(2A/2C)R antagonist ketanserin. A total of 16 healthy participants received placebo, ketanserin (40 mg p.o.), psilocybin (260 μg/kg p.o.), or psilocybin plus ketanserin in a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced order. Sensorimotor gating was measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. The effects on psychopathological core dimensions and behavioral inhibition were assessed by the altered states of consciousness questionnaire (5D-ASC), and the Color-Word Stroop Test. Psilocybin decreased PPI at short lead intervals (30 ms), increased all 5D-ASC scores, and selectively increased errors in the interference condition of the Stroop Test. Stroop interference and Stroop effect of the response latencies were increased under psilocybin as well. Psilocybin-induced alterations were attenuated by ketanserin pretreatment, whereas ketanserin alone had no significant effects. These findings suggest that the disrupting effects of psilocybin on automatic and controlled inhibition processes are attributable to 5-HT(2A)R stimulation. Sensorimotor gating and attentional control deficits of schizophrenia patients might be due to changes within the 5-HT(2A)R system.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2011-09-27", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1038/npp.2011.228", "pubmed_id": "21956447", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.228", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Acoustic Stimulation, Double-Blind Method, Neuropsychological Tests, Adult, Female, Male, Sensory Gating, Reflex, Startle, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psilocybin, Inhibition, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21956447\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2063393199\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":241,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W594743044\",\"https://openalex.org/W1494578926\",\"https://openalex.org/W1571434348\",\"https://openalex.org/W1582206225\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1793501383\",\"https://openalex.org/W1830481607\",\"https://openalex.org/W1956361529\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965332505\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966051646\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966733693\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968049725\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974154075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978608546\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978951465\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979267292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981658753\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981740630\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984304181\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985970837\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986445373\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986772828\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992053647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992400380\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992625143\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993266955\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993331772\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995983844\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996901141\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999553216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001045706\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001972521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005858623\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007011615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008663231\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012359728\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013248977\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016884761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023839383\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026721396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029267570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031713841\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032139509\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035170991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047187993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047640431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048405858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054044236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056271635\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057046889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058424070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060884332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062049551\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065288952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065863022\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068039132\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073113115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073845233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074371541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076167345\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078922234\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079803535\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083397771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088475367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090855318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090979638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091914069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092866176\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094450187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095213614\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096029767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097175416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097684433\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097759310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099667563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102963347\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105300968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105337517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112891613\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126853995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128720831\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131489415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140421124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145298476\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150232387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150704745\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155704620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161047862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165224002\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169289621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2184103870\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242530628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407460961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430257027\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021847224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4231983498\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W4319425390\",\"https://openalex.org/W6690195860\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071295954\",\"display_name\":\"Boris B. Quednow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-2865\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.228\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2063393199" }, { "id": 2625, "title": "Maternal influenza viral infection causes schizophrenia-like alterations of 5-HT₂A and mGlu₂ receptors in the adult offspring.", "normalized_title": "maternal influenza viral infection causes schizophrenia like alterations of 5 ht₂a and mglu₂ receptors in the adult offspring", "authors": "Moreno JL, Kurita M, Holloway T, López J, Cadagan R, Martínez-Sobrido L, García-Sastre A, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "Epidemiological studies indicate that maternal influenza viral infection increases the risk for schizophrenia in the adult offspring. The serotonin and glutamate systems are suspected in the etiology of schizophrenia, as well as in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. The effects of hallucinogens, such as psilocybin and mescaline, require the serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor, and induce schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans. In addition, metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu(2/3) agonists show promise as a new treatment for schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the level of expression and behavioral function of 5-HT(2A) and mGlu(2) receptors in a mouse model of maternal influenza viral infection. We show that spontaneous locomotor activity is diminished by maternal infection with the mouse-adapted influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. The behavioral responses to hallucinogens and glutamate antipsychotics are both affected by maternal exposure to influenza virus, with increased head-twitch response to hallucinogens and diminished antipsychotic-like effect of the glutamate agonist. In frontal cortex of mice born to influenza virus-infected mothers, the 5-HT(2A) receptor is upregulated and the mGlu(2) receptor is downregulated, an alteration that may be involved in the behavioral changes observed. Additionally, we find that the cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor-dependent signaling pathways are significantly altered in the offspring of infected mothers, showing higher c-fos, egr-1, and egr-2 expression in response to the hallucinogenic drug DOI. Identifying a biochemical alteration that parallels the behavioral changes observed in a mouse model of prenatal viral infection may facilitate targeting therapies for treatment and prevention of schizophrenia.", "journal": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2011-01-31", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.4230-10.2011", "pubmed_id": "21289196", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4230-10.2011", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Frontal Lobe, Neural Pathways, Animals, Mice, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Disease Models, Animal, Glutamic Acid, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Antipsychotic Agents, Hallucinogens, Schizophrenia, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Pregnancy, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Female, Early Growth Response Protein 1, Early Growth Response Protein 2, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21289196\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2072898255\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2072898255\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":119,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1549834980\",\"https://openalex.org/W1577274024\",\"https://openalex.org/W1646300150\",\"https://openalex.org/W1951663525\",\"https://openalex.org/W1962355416\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966407955\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972018621\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975996377\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983413649\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990535802\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990545448\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993527031\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993826962\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994600097\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1999848070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004367185\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009490069\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017358382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018385636\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020301473\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021402699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022230955\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022654189\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025534288\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029558958\",\"https://openalex.org/W2030517797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031607959\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034427457\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040789766\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041812587\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045837603\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048010776\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048250261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052882602\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053544252\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055013734\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055984914\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057109524\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060018802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061506085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073234751\",\"https://openalex.org/W2076572271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084257157\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086167675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086596085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091447278\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092533774\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098205950\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102291283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104148197\",\"https://openalex.org/W2105035544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2112851246\",\"https://openalex.org/W2113113845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116386279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117430572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121136381\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121366540\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123403544\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125244470\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134144722\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140824803\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142525943\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143217444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148598875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150172575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154965665\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158024838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159030941\",\"https://openalex.org/W2167272363\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169911721\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170260565\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170760271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2254502236\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396844307\",\"https://openalex.org/W4244626365\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251040433\",\"https://openalex.org/W6640887276\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065089135\",\"display_name\":\"José L. Moreno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-925X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5070282946\",\"display_name\":\"Mitsumasa Kurita\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5062790531\",\"display_name\":\"Terrell Holloway\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-8417\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110351938\",\"display_name\":\"Javier López\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000670715\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Cadagan\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065326739\",\"display_name\":\"Luis Martínez-Sobrido\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-0804\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004889712\",\"display_name\":\"Adolfo García-Sastre\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-1827\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5047587284\",\"display_name\":\"Javier González-Maeso\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3204\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S5555990\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4230-10.2011\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Safety", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2072898255" }, { "id": 2621, "title": "Metabotropic glutamate mGlu2 receptor is necessary for the pharmacological and behavioral effects induced by hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonists.", "normalized_title": "metabotropic glutamate mglu2 receptor is necessary for the pharmacological and behavioral effects induced by hallucinogenic 5 ht2a receptor agonists", "authors": "Moreno JL, Holloway T, Albizu L, Sealfon SC, González-Maeso J.", "abstract": "Hallucinogenic drugs, including mescaline, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), act at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs). Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) ligands show efficacy in modulating the responses induced by activation of 5-HT2ARs. The formation of a 5-HT2AR-mGluR2 complex suggests a functional interaction that affects the hallucinogen-regulated cellular signaling pathways. Here, we tested the cellular and behavioral effects of hallucinogenic 5-HT2AR agonists in mGluR2 knockout (mGluR2-KO) mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with the hallucinogens DOI (2 mg/kg) and LSD (0.24 mg/kg), or vehicle. Head-twitch behavioral response, expression of c-fos, which is induced by all 5-HT2AR agonists, and expression of egr-2, which is hallucinogen-specific, were determined in wild type and mGluR2-KO mice. [(3)H]Ketanserin binding displacement curves by DOI were performed in mouse frontal cortex membrane preparations. Head twitch behavior was abolished in mGluR2-KO mice. The high-affinity binding site of DOI was undetected in mGluR2-KO mice. The hallucinogen DOI induced c-fos in both wild type and mGluR2-KO mice. However, the induction of egr-2 by DOI was eliminated in mGlu2-KO mice. These findings suggest that the 5-HT2AR-mGluR2 complex is necessary for the neuropsychological responses induced by hallucinogens.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2011-01-26", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.046", "pubmed_id": "21276828", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.046", "keywords": "Frontal Lobe, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Schizophrenia, Signal Transduction, Protein Binding, Genes, fos, Male, Early Growth Response Protein 2, Mice, 129 Strain, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21276828\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2618, "title": "Multiple receptors contribute to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "multiple receptors contribute to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens", "authors": "Halberstadt AL, Geyer MA.", "abstract": "Serotonergic hallucinogens produce profound changes in perception, mood, and cognition. These drugs include phenylalkylamines such as mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), and indoleamines such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. Despite their differences in chemical structure, the two classes of hallucinogens produce remarkably similar subjective effects in humans, and induce cross-tolerance. The phenylalkylamine hallucinogens are selective 5-HT(2) receptor agonists, whereas the indoleamines are relatively non-selective for serotonin (5-HT) receptors. There is extensive evidence, from both animal and human studies, that the characteristic effects of hallucinogens are mediated by interactions with the 5-HT(2A) receptor. Nevertheless, there is also evidence that interactions with other receptor sites contribute to the psychopharmacological and behavioral effects of the indoleamine hallucinogens. This article reviews the evidence demonstrating that the effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in a variety of animal behavioral paradigms are mediated by both 5-HT(2) and non-5-HT(2) receptors.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2011-01-19", "publication_year": 2011, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017", "pubmed_id": "21256140", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017", "keywords": "Neurons, Presynaptic Terminals, Animals, Humans, Serotonin Syndrome, Phenethylamines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Synaptic Transmission, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21256140\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "End-of-Life Distress,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2613, "title": "Differential contributions of serotonin receptors to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in mice.", "normalized_title": "differential contributions of serotonin receptors to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in mice", "authors": "Halberstadt AL, Koedood L, Powell SB, Geyer MA.", "abstract": "Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a hallucinogen that acts as an agonist at 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), and 5-HT(2C) receptors. Psilocin is the active metabolite of psilocybin, a hallucinogen that is currently being investigated clinically as a potential therapeutic agent. In the present investigation, we used a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches to identify the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes responsible for mediating the effects of psilocin on head twitch response (HTR) and the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) in C57BL/6J mice. We also compared the effects of psilocin with those of the putative 5-HT(2C) receptor-selective agonist 1-methylpsilocin and the hallucinogen and non-selective serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). Psilocin, 1-methylpsilocin, and 5-MeO-DMT induced the HTR, effects that were absent in mice lacking the 5-HT(2A) receptor gene. When tested in the BPM, psilocin decreased locomotor activity, holepoking, and time spent in the center of the chamber, effects that were blocked by the selective 5-HT(1A) antagonist WAY-100635 but were not altered by the selective 5-HT(2C) antagonist SB242,084 or by 5-HT(2A) receptor gene deletion. 5-MeO-DMT produced similar effects when tested in the BPM, and the action of 5-MeO-DMT was significantly attenuated by WAY-100635. Psilocin and 5-MeO-DMT also decreased the linearity of locomotor paths, effects that were mediated by 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(1A) receptors, respectively. In contrast to psilocin and 5-MeO-DMT, 1-methylpsilocin (0.6-9.6 mg/kg) was completely inactive in the BPM. These findings confirm that psilocin acts as an agonist at 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), and 5-HT(2C) receptors in mice, whereas the behavioral effects of 1-methylpsilocin indicate that this compound is acting at 5-HT(2A) sites but is inactive at the 5-HT(1A) receptor. The fact that 1-methylpsilocin displays greater pharmacological selectivity than psilocin indicates that 1-methylpsilocin represents a potentially useful alternative to psilocybin for development as a potential therapeutic agent.", "journal": "Journal of Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2010-12-07", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1177/0269881110388326", "pubmed_id": "21148021", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110388326", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, Piperazines, Pyridines, Receptors, Serotonin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Motor Activity, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21148021\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2107441654\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":212,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W118892363\",\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W575369285\",\"https://openalex.org/W594743044\",\"https://openalex.org/W1798489567\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975006228\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977517471\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979963125\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980348146\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983664386\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983746474\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990167177\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995013188\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003186360\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008184625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009632756\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018392992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034894507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039449090\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046209054\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057478907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059076739\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061239557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074270863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079767249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095356255\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099797657\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109392617\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117093911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127165654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128437336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133883414\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2147379823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154308586\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161555895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165450714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2171104921\",\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2247842009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2407151076\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409801431\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411979104\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4248063358\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036162393\",\"display_name\":\"Adam L. Halberstadt\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-5829\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068195723\",\"display_name\":\"Liselore Koedood\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068995258\",\"display_name\":\"Susan B. Powell\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-9300\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S136368880\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110388326\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2107441654" }, { "id": 2624, "title": "The 5-HT2A/1A agonist psilocybin disrupts modal object completion associated with visual hallucinations.", "normalized_title": "the 5 ht2a 1a agonist psilocybin disrupts modal object completion associated with visual hallucinations", "authors": "Kometer M, Cahn BR, Andel D, Carter OL, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "BackgroundRecent findings suggest that the serotonergic system and particularly the 5-HT2A/1A receptors are implicated in visual processing and possibly the pathophysiology of visual disturbances including hallucinations in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.MethodsTo investigate the role of 5-HT2A/1A receptors in visual processing the effect of the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A/1A agonist psilocybin (125 and 250 μg/kg vs. placebo) on the spatiotemporal dynamics of modal object completion was assessed in normal volunteers (n = 17) using visual evoked potential recordings in conjunction with topographic-mapping and source analysis. These effects were then considered in relation to the subjective intensity of psilocybin-induced visual hallucinations quantified by psychometric measurement.ResultsPsilocybin dose-dependently decreased the N170 and, in contrast, slightly enhanced the P1 component selectively over occipital electrode sites. The decrease of the N170 was most apparent during the processing of incomplete object figures. Moreover, during the time period of the N170, the overall reduction of the activation in the right extrastriate and posterior parietal areas correlated positively with the intensity of visual hallucinations.ConclusionsThese results suggest a central role of the 5-HT2A/1A-receptors in the modulation of visual processing. Specifically, a reduced N170 component was identified as potentially reflecting a key process of 5-HT2A/1A receptor-mediated visual hallucinations and aberrant modal object completion potential.", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2010-12-02", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.002", "pubmed_id": "21126732", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.002", "keywords": "Occipital Lobe, Visual Cortex, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Consciousness Disorders, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Electroencephalography, Cluster Analysis, Photic Stimulation, Perceptual Closure, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"21126732\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2038593489\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":101,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W245658\",\"https://openalex.org/W56041172\",\"https://openalex.org/W1578550907\",\"https://openalex.org/W1676514359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966203834\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966928238\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967630951\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969273085\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976837885\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987088819\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000127039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008292361\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2011974485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020770340\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022044536\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024942419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2026136738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035398019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036060834\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042899905\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044210895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054831953\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055389171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072968427\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086590261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087200563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088475367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094277538\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2098418070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099239993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101430675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106959550\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107394985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107505948\",\"https://openalex.org/W2114789681\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125671859\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130031954\",\"https://openalex.org/W2133410812\",\"https://openalex.org/W2134498737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135719514\",\"https://openalex.org/W2135861595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138790588\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139276378\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144806037\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146175554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155690750\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155757287\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157551763\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162054698\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162792044\",\"https://openalex.org/W2163813092\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401157625\",\"https://openalex.org/W2764423798\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6600012500\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018321179\",\"display_name\":\"B. Rael Cahn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-0647\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054829951\",\"display_name\":\"David Andel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.002\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2038593489" }, { "id": 5338, "title": "Investigating the Mechanisms of Hallucinogen-Induced Visions Using 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA): A Randomized Controlled Trial in Humans", "normalized_title": "investigating the mechanisms of hallucinogen induced visions using 3 4 methylenedioxyamphetamine mda a randomized controlled trial in humans", "authors": "Matthew J. Baggott, Jennifer D. Siegrist, Gantt P. Galloway, Lynn C. Robertson, Jeremy Coyle, John Mendelson", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of drug-induced visions are poorly understood. Very few serotonergic hallucinogens have been studied in humans in decades, despite widespread use of these drugs and potential relevance of their mechanisms to hallucinations occurring in psychiatric and neurological disorders. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We investigated the mechanisms of hallucinogen-induced visions by measuring the visual and perceptual effects of the hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2AR receptor agonist and monoamine releaser, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. We found that MDA increased self-report measures of mystical-type experience and other hallucinogen-like effects, including reported visual alterations. MDA produced a significant increase in closed-eye visions (CEVs), with considerable individual variation. Magnitude of CEVs after MDA was associated with lower performance on measures of contour integration and object recognition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Drug-induced visions may have greater intensity in people with poor sensory or perceptual processing, suggesting common mechanisms with other hallucinatory syndromes. MDA is a potential tool to investigate mystical experiences and visual perception. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00823407.", "journal": "PLoS ONE", "publication_date": "2010-12-01", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0014074", "pubmed_id": "21152030", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014074", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Vision, Psilocybin, Serotonergic, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Pharmacology, Visual Hallucination, Agonist, Neuroscience, Medicine, Serotonin, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Philosophy, Theology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Hallucinations in medical conditions, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "raw_json": 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J. Baggott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-194X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061754455\",\"display_name\":\"Jennifer D. Siegrist\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109083060\",\"display_name\":\"Gantt P. Galloway\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110873460\",\"display_name\":\"Lynn C. Robertson\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056213580\",\"display_name\":\"Jeremy Coyle\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-6649\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026176242\",\"display_name\":\"John Mendelson\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-8377\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S202381698\",\"source_display_name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014074\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience,Randomized Controlled Trial,Toxicity", "study_type": "Randomized Controlled Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2001007038" }, { "id": 2614, "title": "Salvia divinorum use and phenomenology: results from an online survey.", "normalized_title": "salvia divinorum use and phenomenology results from an online survey", "authors": "Sumnall HR, Measham F, Brandt SD, Cole JC.", "abstract": "Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant with ethnopharmacological and recreational uses. It differs from classic serotonergic hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocin in both phenomenology and potent agonist activity of the active component salvinorin A at κ-opioid receptors. Awareness of S. divinorum has grown recently, with both an increase in its public representation and concern over its potential harmful effects. This discussion is particularly relevant as S. divinorum is legal to use in many countries and regions and easily available through online retailers. Drawing upon previous investigations of S. divinorum and other hallucinogens, this study surveyed 154 recent users and questioned them on their use behaviours, consequences of use and other attitudinal measures. Although reporting an extensive substance use history, and considering the limitations of online surveys, there was little evidence of dysfunctional S. divinorum use, and few reports of troubling adverse consequences of use. Furthermore, there was no evidence that users exhibited increased schizotypy. Respondents reported that S. divinorum produced mixed hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, which lends support to assertions that it phenomenologically differs from other hallucinogens with primary serotonergic activity. The functions of use changed with greater experiences with the drug, and although many respondents reported use of S. divinorum as an alternative to illegal drugs it, was apparent that legal proscription would be unlikely to dissuade them from use. These results are discussed with reference to psychopharmacologically informed public health responses to substance use.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2010-10-10", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1177/0269881110385596", "pubmed_id": "20937616", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110385596", "keywords": "Humans, Salvia, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Diterpenes, Clerodane, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Hallucinogens, Drugs, Chinese Herbal, Data Collection, Public Health, Internet, Female, Male, Panax notoginseng, Young Adult, Camphanes, Illicit Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20937616\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2142154698" }, { "id": 5340, "title": "Acute toxicity of Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., Strophariaceae, aqueous extract in mice", "normalized_title": "acute toxicity of psilocybe cubensis ear sing strophariaceae aqueous extract in mice", "authors": "Thiago Berti Kirsten, Maria Martha Bernardi", "abstract": "Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., Strophariaceae, is a hallucinogen mushroom that has been used since the old times by humans, causing several psychotic effects. P. cubensis contains two tryptamine derivates: psilocybin and psilocin, agonists of the 5-HT2 receptor (serotonin). The main objective of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity effects of P. cubensis aqueous extract (PCAE) administration in mice. Male and female adult Swiss mice received PCAE0.1 mL/10 g i.p., and were observed individually, directly in a glass box and in an open-field. In relation to the data of the control group, PCAE-treated animals presented: an increased gnawing, appearance of wet-dog shakes and a decreased locomotion and rearing frequencies after 29-38 min. Also a clear gender difference was detected, being female mice more sensible to the PCAE than males. It was suggested that PCAE administration produced specific effects on mice behaviors, characteristic of drugs which interfere on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Finally, the observational methods here employed were efficient to evaluate the toxic effects of the extract.", "journal": "Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia", "publication_date": "2010-06-30", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1590/s0102-695x2010000300017", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2010000300017", "keywords": "Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Toxicity, 5-HT receptor, Aqueous extract, Open field, Medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Traditional medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2111181135\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2111181135\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1970305111\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984762359\",\"https://openalex.org/W1987723480\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993643596\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013856676\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016681203\",\"https://openalex.org/W2018506937\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025791640\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050461051\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063646581\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126589263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126950317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2155528285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159339248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2208233562\",\"https://openalex.org/W2261854704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2929692562\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252245481\",\"https://openalex.org/W6833422763\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020385080\",\"display_name\":\"Thiago Berti Kirsten\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-4355\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034083695\",\"display_name\":\"Maria Martha Bernardi\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-9416\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210226676\",\"source_display_name\":\"Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2010000300017\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study,Animal Study,Toxicity", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2111181135" }, { "id": 2631, "title": "Determining the subjective effects of TFMPP in human males.", "normalized_title": "determining the subjective effects of tfmpp in human males", "authors": "Jan RK, Lin JC, Lee H, Sheridan JL, Kydd RR, Kirk IJ, Russell BR.", "abstract": "RationaleTrifluoromethylphenyl piperazine (TFMPP) is an active constituent of a relatively new group of recreational drugs known as 'party pills'. TFMPP has been anecdotally reported to induce mild psychedelic effects similar to lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin. There has been no research about the subjective effects of TFMPP in humans.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the subjective effects of TFMPP in human males.MethodsA randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial design was used to investigate the subjective effects of TFMPP in 30 healthy, non-smoking male volunteers (mean age 24 +/- 4 years). Participants were randomised into two groups and given either TFMPP 60 mg (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Each participant completed three rating scales, the Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), both before and 120 min after drug administration.ResultsResults from the ARCI indicated that TFMPP produced increases in 'dysphoria' and 'dexamphetamine-like effects'. TFMPP also increased ratings of 'tension/anxiety' and 'confusion/bewilderment' as rated on the POMS. Results from the VAS indicated increases in 'drug liking', 'high' and 'stimulated' ratings relevant to placebo.ConclusionsIncreased ratings of 'dexamphetamine-like effects', 'tension/anxiety', 'stimulated' and 'high' following TFMPP administration resemble the subjective effects of common amphetamine-type stimulants. However, increases in 'dysphoria' and 'confusion/bewilderment' ratings following TFMPP are more commonly associated with drugs that have greater effects on serotonin release, binding and reuptake such as 1-[3-chlorophenyl]-piperazine, fenfluramine and lysergic acid diethylamide.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2010-06-15", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-010-1911-y", "pubmed_id": "20552171", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1911-y", "keywords": "Humans, Piperazines, Hallucinogens, Affect, Adult, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Surveys and Questionnaires, Illicit Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20552171\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology,Observational Study", "study_type": "Observational Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5343, "title": "The non-hallucinogen 2-bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide as preventative treatment for cluster headache: An open, non-randomized case series", "normalized_title": "the non hallucinogen 2 bromo lysergic acid diethylamide as preventative treatment for cluster headache an open non randomized case series", "authors": "Matthias Karst, John H. Halpern, Michael Bernateck, Torsten Passie", "abstract": "Cluster headache (CH) is a stereotyped primary headache characterized by strictly unilateral severe orbital or periorbital pain and categorized as either episodic or chronic (1,2). Its prevalence is 0.1% (3). Oxygen and sumatriptan are the treatments of choice for individual attacks, whereas verapamil, lithium, corticosteroids and other neuromodulators can suppress attacks during cluster periods (1). All standard medication treatments may be ineffective. Surgical treatment may be an option for medication non-responders, including deep brain (4) or occipital nerve stimulation (5). However, serious complications from brain surgery, including death, can occur (6). An Internet survey of 53 CH patients reported on claims that psilocybin is better at aborting acute attacks than either oxygen or sumatriptan and that LSD and psilocybin are both better at triggering and extending remission than standard drugs (7). However, due to hallucinogenicity and the absence of established medical indication, these drugs are criminalized and placed within the most restrictive Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, which sanctions only limited research use. Although the hallucinogenic properties of LSD and psilocybin are undesirable from both regulatory and patient safety perspectives, it was unclear to us at the outset whether a non-hallucinogenic analog could also provide meaningful relief to CH patients. To address the question of whether the CH relief associated with these two structurally diverse compounds is related to the mechanisms triggering intoxication, we decided to investigate the efficacy of a nonhallucinogenic analog of LSD. LSD’s hallucinogenic effects are completely lost when the double bond in the D ring is saturated and with substitution at R2 (e.g. by bromination in 2-bromo-LSD) (BOL-148) (8). BOL-148 has been studied in volunteers (up to 20mg per os) (9) and in patients suffering from vascular headaches but not, apparently, in patients with CH (9,10). These past studies concluded that BOL-148 is non-toxic and non-hallucinogenic. Only very mild side effects, if any, have been observed, when given in the dose range used in our project (30mg/kg/body weight) (9). No long-term behavioral or psychological effects from BOL-148 have been reported from past studies with more than 300 healthy, normal subjects (11), and 30mg BOL-148 administered daily over four to five weeks failed to alter active psychosis in chronically ill schizophrenic women (12).", "journal": "Cephalalgia", "publication_date": "2010-03-25", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1177/0333102410363490", "pubmed_id": "20713566", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102410363490", "keywords": "Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Cluster headache, Lysergic acid, Psychiatry, Migraine, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Migraine and Headache Studies, Pain Management and Placebo Effect", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2151828427\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":104,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W645199439\",\"https://openalex.org/W1770998477\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993174684\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003712128\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005399408\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006720290\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013769480\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014074875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031157475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045567183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047298999\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052042435\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067610113\",\"https://openalex.org/W2128356296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129627527\",\"https://openalex.org/W2142717621\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145095988\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150275407\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150280237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2326523421\",\"https://openalex.org/W2333173608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414231184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2473812009\",\"https://openalex.org/W4241541558\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251301529\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5024551949\",\"display_name\":\"Matthias Karst\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-0023\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042960436\",\"display_name\":\"John H. Halpern\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-7220\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022344280\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Bernateck\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-3421\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083747055\",\"display_name\":\"Torsten Passie\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-0560\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S141866484\",\"source_display_name\":\"Cephalalgia\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102410363490\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Chronic Pain,Headache / Migraine,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report,Observational Study,Safety,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2151828427" }, { "id": 5345, "title": "Psilocybin slows binocular rivalry switching through serotonin modulation", "normalized_title": "psilocybin slows binocular rivalry switching through serotonin modulation", "authors": "O. Carter, John D. Pettigrew, Felix Hasler, Guy Wallis, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "Binocular rivalry refers to the fluctuations in visual awareness/suppression that occur when different images are simultaneously presented to each eye. To explore the role of serotonin (5-HT) in binocular rivalry, this study investigated the affects of the hallucinogenic 5-HT1A&2A receptor agonist psilocybin (the active compound in “magic mushrooms”), alone and after pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin in ten healthy human subjects. Psilocybin significantly reduced the rate of binocular rivalry switching and increased the proportion of transitional/mixed percept experience. Ketanserin pretreatment blocked the majority of psilocybin's “positive” psychosis-like hallucinogenic symptoms, but had no influence on the psilocybin induced slowing of binocular rivalry switching or the “negative” symptoms associated with reduced arousal and vigilance. This finding directly links binocular rivalry switching rate to arousal and attention and suggests that psilocybin induced slowing of binocular rivalry is not 5-HT2A mediated, but instead may reflect a 5-HT1A mediated reduction of serotonin release from the brainstem raphe nuclei.", "journal": "Journal of Vision", "publication_date": "2010-03-18", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1167/6.6.43", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/6.6.43", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Binocular rivalry, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Ketanserin, Neuroscience, Rivalry, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Medicine, 5-HT receptor, Visual perception, Receptor, Psychiatry, Perception, Macroeconomics, Economics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1983329325\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1983329325\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002117922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049486527\",\"display_name\":\"O. Carter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043437185\",\"display_name\":\"Guy Wallis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137468011\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Vision\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1167/6.6.43\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1983329325" }, { "id": 5346, "title": "Using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention, working memory and the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors", "normalized_title": "using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention working memory and the serotonin 5 ht1a and 5 ht2a receptors", "authors": "Olivia Carter, David C. Burr, John D. Pettigrew, Franz X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests a link between attention, working memory, serotonin (5-HT) and prefrontal cortex activity. In an attempt to tease out the relationship between these elements, this study tested the effects of the hallucinogenic 5-HT1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin alone and after pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin on multiple object tracking and spatial working memory, in eight healthy human volunteers. Psilocybin significantly reduced attentional tracking ability, but had no significant effect on spatial working memory, suggesting a functional dissociation between the two tasks. In line with the 5-HT1A receptor's known role in modulating prefrontal activity, pretreatment with ketanserin did not attenuate the effect of psilocybin on attentional performance, suggesting a primary involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in the observed deficit. Based on physiological and pharmacological data, we propose that this impaired attentional performance may reflect reduced ability to suppress or ignore distracting stimuli rather than reduced attentional capacity.", "journal": "Journal of Vision", "publication_date": "2010-03-16", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1167/5.8.683", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/5.8.683", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Ketanserin, Working memory, Psychology, Prefrontal cortex, Agonist, Neuroscience, Serotonin, 5-HT receptor, Hallucinogen, Cognitive psychology, Receptor, Cognition, Medicine, Internal medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2090298970\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2090298970\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003663764\",\"display_name\":\"David C. Burr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-8832\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137468011\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Vision\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1167/5.8.683\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2090298970" }, { "id": 2632, "title": "The discriminative effects of the kappa-opioid hallucinogen salvinorin A in nonhuman primates: dissociation from classic hallucinogen effects.", "normalized_title": "the discriminative effects of the kappa opioid hallucinogen salvinorin a in nonhuman primates dissociation from classic hallucinogen effects", "authors": "Butelman ER, Rus S, Prisinzano TE, Kreek MJ.", "abstract": "RationaleThe widely available hallucinogen salvinorin A is a unique example of a plant-derived compound selective for kappa-opioid receptors and may produce effects distinct from those of other compounds with classic hallucinogenic or dissociative properties which are also abused in humans.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to characterize the salvinorin A discriminative cue in nonhuman primates with high kappa-receptor genetic homology to humans.MethodsAdult rhesus monkeys (n = 3) were trained to discriminate salvinorin A (0.015 mg/kg, s.c.) from vehicle, in a food-reinforced operant discrimination assay. Parallel studies, using unconditioned behavioral endpoints (facial relaxation and ptosis) also evaluated the kappa-opioid receptor mediation of salvinorin A in vivo function.ResultsMonkeys trained to discriminate salvinorin A generalized structurally diverse, centrally penetrating kappa-agonists (bremazocine, U69,593, and U50,488). By contrast, mu- and delta-opioid agonists (fentanyl and SNC80, respectively) were not generalized, nor were the serotonergic 5HT2 hallucinogen psilocybin or the dissociative N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist, ketamine. The discriminative effects of salvinorin A were blocked by the opioid antagonist quadazocine (0.32 mg/kg), but not by the 5HT2 antagonist ketanserin (0.1 mg/kg). Consistent with these findings, salvinorin and kappa-agonists (e.g., U69,593) produce effects in the unconditioned endpoints (e.g., ptosis), whereas psilocybin was inactive.ConclusionsThese findings support the conclusion that the interoceptive/discriminative cue produced by salvinorin A is mediated by agonism at kappa-receptors and is mechanistically distinct from that produced by a classic serotonergic hallucinogen.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2010-01-18", "publication_year": 2010, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-009-1771-5", "pubmed_id": "20084367", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1771-5", "keywords": "Animals, Macaca mulatta, Diterpenes, Clerodane, Receptors, Opioid, delta, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Hallucinogens, Conditioning, Operant, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20084367\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2087536428" }, { "id": 5350, "title": "Other Times I Can Barely See: The Effects of Hallucinogens on Vision and Attention", "normalized_title": "other times i can barely see the effects of hallucinogens on vision and attention", "authors": "Matthew J. Baggott", "abstract": "In this dissertation, I used theories of serotonin to understand the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens on visual perception and attention. I began by studying hallucinatory syndromes in drug users in Chapter 1. Despite long-standing reports of prolonged or reoccurring perceptual changes in a subset of hallucinogen users, very little is known about Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) and related visual abnormalities in hallucinogen users. I used an online questionnaire to document the prevalence, symptoms, and relationship to drug use of persisting unusual visual phenomena in hallucinogen users. 16,192 individuals viewed the information sheet, and 2,679 were included in the study. Most participants (61.7%) reported having experienced drug-free visual experiences that resembled hallucinogen effects. Probability of experiencing constant or near-constant symptoms was predicted by greater past exposure to specific hallucinogens, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Although symptoms were common, few (104, or 3.9 % of the sample) found them distressing or impairing enough to consider seeking treatment. In Chapters 2 and 3, I used three pharmacological agents to alter serotonergic functioning: 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, `Ecstasy'); and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant citalopram. Chapter 2 focuses on mechanisms of hallucinations, which I investigated by measuring the perceptual effects of the hallucinogenic 5-HT2AR agonist and 5-HT releaser 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. I found that MDA produced a significant increase in closed-eye visuals (CEVs), with considerable individual variation. Magnitude of CEVs after MDA was associated with lower performance on measures of contour integration and object recognition, supporting a hypothesized link between hallucinations and impairments in sensory or perceptual processing. Chapter 3 concerned the effects of the aforementioned serotonergic drugs on attention to threat-related stimuli. The serotonergic system appears important for evaluation of social stimuli and may modulate amygdala sensitivity to threat-related stimuli. Hallucinogens and related serotonergic drugs vary in their ability to release 5-HT, but no studies have measured how these drugs affect attentional biases for emotional stimuli. In this chapter, I describe two double-blind placebo-controlled experiments on the effects of the serotonergic drugs 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on attention to emotional stimuli. Using a dot-probe task, I found preliminary evidence that MDA and MDMA may modify processing of threat-related stimuli. These effects appear unrelated to state anxiety. In contrast, I did not detect significant effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram. Further research with these understudied drugs may clarify the role of serotonin in the brain.", "journal": "eScholarship (California Digital Library)", "publication_date": "2009-12-31", "publication_year": 2009, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7409s4th", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Visual Hallucination, Psychology, MDMA, Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Perception, Ecstasy, Serotonin, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Hallucinations in medical conditions", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "raw_json": 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J. Baggott\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-194X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400115\",\"source_display_name\":\"eScholarship (California Digital Library)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7409s4th\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W319928026" }, { "id": 2638, "title": "Novel, unifying mechanism for mescaline in the central nervous system: electrochemistry, catechol redox metabolite, receptor, cell signaling and structure activity relationships.", "normalized_title": "novel unifying mechanism for mescaline in the central nervous system electrochemistry catechol redox metabolite receptor cell signaling and structure activity relationships", "authors": "Kovacic P, Somanathan R.", "abstract": "A unifying mechanism for abused drugs has been proposed previously from the standpoint of electron transfer. Mescaline can be accommodated within the theoretical framework based on redox cycling by the catechol metabolite with its quinone counterpart. Electron transfer may play a role in electrical effects involving the nervous system in the brain. This approach is in accord with structure activity relationships involving mescaline, abused drugs, catecholamines, and etoposide. Inefficient demethylation is in keeping with the various drug properties, such as requirement for high dosage and slow acting. There is a discussion of receptor binding, electrical effects, cell signaling and other modes of action. Mescaline is a nonselective, seretonin receptor agonist. 5-HTP receptors are involved in the stimulus properties. Research addresses the aspect of stereochemical requirements. Receptor binding may involve the proposed quinone metabolite and/or the amino sidechain via protonation. Electroencephalographic studies were performed on the effects of mescaline on men. Spikes are elicited by stimulation of a cortical area. The potentials likely originate in nonsynaptic dendritic membranes. Receptor-mediated signaling pathways were examined which affect mescaline behavior. The hallucinogen belongs to the class of 2AR agonists which regulate pathways in cortical neurons. The research identifies neural and signaling mechanisms responsible for the biological effects. Recently, another hallucinogen, psilocybin, has been included within the unifying mechanistic framework. This mushroom constituent is hydrolyzed to the phenol psilocin, also active, which is subsequently oxidized to an ET o-quinone or iminoquinone.", "journal": "Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity", "publication_date": "2009-08-31", "publication_year": 2009, "doi": "10.4161/oxim.2.4.9380", "pubmed_id": "20716904", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4161/oxim.2.4.9380", "keywords": "Central Nervous System, Mescaline, Catechols, Quinones, Receptors, Serotonin, Signal Transduction, Protein Binding, Structure-Activity Relationship, Electron Transport, Oxidation-Reduction, Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20716904\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2059908347\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2059908347\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":34,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W93838318\",\"https://openalex.org/W1498073437\",\"https://openalex.org/W1566797965\",\"https://openalex.org/W1781543641\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963636752\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967353658\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976195943\",\"https://openalex.org/W1978801492\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981559928\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986543617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990492302\",\"https://openalex.org/W1991642459\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994641285\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001445210\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017548325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020588377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036715563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039324177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2041305518\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042601718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045908970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053048573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056232804\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058789064\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065070740\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072759830\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084004994\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104191145\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140542891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146570542\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165260274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2260250317\",\"https://openalex.org/W2289781337\",\"https://openalex.org/W2293769113\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334669896\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334782444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401197998\",\"https://openalex.org/W2405836759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411538546\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411609992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412743893\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415327861\",\"https://openalex.org/W2417924401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2425523432\",\"https://openalex.org/W2430281846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798640434\",\"https://openalex.org/W2887389091\",\"https://openalex.org/W4290970327\",\"https://openalex.org/W4300198507\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682579402\",\"https://openalex.org/W6841239829\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091306679\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Kovacic\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076355167\",\"display_name\":\"Ratnasamy Somanathan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-082X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S20935308\",\"source_display_name\":\"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4161/oxim.2.4.9380\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Epigenetics", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2059908347" }, { "id": 2650, "title": "Agonist-trafficking and hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "agonist trafficking and hallucinogens", "authors": "González-Maeso J, Sealfon SC.", "abstract": "Seven transmembrane domain receptors, also termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), represent the most common molecular target for therapeutic drugs. The generally accepted pharmacological model for GPCR activation is the ternary complex model, in which GPCRs exist in a dynamic equilibrium between the active and inactive conformational states. However, the demonstration that different agonists sometimes elicit a different relative activation of two signaling pathways downstream of the same receptor has led to a revision of the ternary complex model. According to this agonist- trafficking model, agonists stabilize distinct activated receptor conformations that preferentially activate specific signaling pathways. Hallucinogenic drugs and non-hallucinogenic drugs represent an attractive experimental system with which to study agonist-trafficking of receptor signaling. Thus many of the behavioral responses induced by hallucinogenic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin or mescaline, depend on activation of serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors (5-HT2ARs). In contrast, this neuropsychological state in humans is not induced by closely related chemicals, such as lisuride or ergotamine, despite their similar in vitro activity at the 5-HT2AR. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, as well as unresolved questions, regarding agonist-trafficking and the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-12-31", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.2174/092986709787581851", "pubmed_id": "19275609", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/092986709787581851", "keywords": "Neurons, Animals, Humans, Receptors, Cell Surface, Hallucinogens, Schizophrenia, Signal Transduction, Biological Transport", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19275609\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2649, "title": "Chemical interactions with pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex: control of pain and anxiety.", "normalized_title": "chemical interactions with pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex control of pain and anxiety", "authors": "Adams JD.", "abstract": "Pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex are involved in learning and memory and have complex connections with other neurons through a very large array of dendrites. These dendrites can switch between long term depression and long term potentiation depending on global summation of various inputs. The plasticity of the input into pyramidal neurons makes the neuronal output variable. Many interneurons in the cerebral cortex and distant neurons in other brain regions are involved in providing input to pyramidal neurons. All of these neurons and interneurons have neurotransmitters that act through receptors to provide input to pyramidal neurons. Serotonin is one of the important neurotransmitters involved with pyramidal neurons and has been implicated in psychosis, psychedelic states and what are called sacred dreams. This review will discuss the various chemicals and receptors that are important with pyramidal neurons including opioids, nicotine, scopolamine, psilocybin, LSD, mescaline, ergot alkaloids, salvinorin A, ergine and other compounds that interact with opioid, nicotinic, muscarinic and serotonergic receptors. The natural compounds provide clues to structure activity relationships with the receptors. It has been postulated that each receptor in the body has a natural agonist and antagonist, in addition to the normal neurotransmitters. It is common for natural antagonists and agonists to be peptides. Various possible peptide structures will be proposed for natural antagonists and agonists at each receptor. Natural antagonists and agonists may provide new ways to explore the functions of pyramidal neurons in normal health and pain management.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-12-31", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.2174/092986709789057626", "pubmed_id": "19799545", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2174/092986709789057626", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Pain, Peptides, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2, Receptors, Nicotinic, Neurotransmitter Agents, Anxiety", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19799545\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Addiction,Chronic Pain,Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2647, "title": "GMP-compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]altanserin and human plasma metabolite studies.", "normalized_title": "gmp compliant radiosynthesis of 18f altanserin and human plasma metabolite studies", "authors": "Hasler F, Kuznetsova OF, Krasikova RN, Cservenyak T, Quednow BB, Vollenweider FX, Ametamey SM, Westera G.", "abstract": "[(18)F]altanserin is the preferred radiotracer for in-vivo labeling of serotonin 2A receptors by positron emission tomography (PET). We report a modified synthesis procedure suited for reliable production of multi-GBq amounts of [(18)F]altanserin useful for application in humans. We introduced thermal heating for drying of [(18)F]fluoride as well as for the reaction instead of microwave heating. We furthermore describe solid phase extraction and HPLC procedures for quantitative determination of [(18)F]altanserin and metabolites in plasma. The time course of arterial plasma activity with and without metabolite correction was determined. 90 min after bolus injection, 38.4% of total plasma activity derived from unchanged [(18)F]altanserin. Statistical comparison of kinetic profiles of [(18)F]altanserin metabolism in plasma samples collected in the course of two ongoing studies employing placebo, the serotonin releaser dexfenfluramine and the hallucinogen psilocybin, revealed the same tracer metabolism. We conclude that metabolite analysis for correction of individual plasma input functions used in tracer modeling is not necessary for [(18)F]altanserin studies involving psilocybin or dexfenfluramine treatment.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-12-23", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.12.007", "pubmed_id": "19162492", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.12.007", "keywords": "Humans, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Ketanserin, Positron-Emission Tomography, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Quality Control", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19162492\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5365, "title": "Hallucinogens as discriminative stimuli in animals: LSD, phenethylamines, and tryptamines", "normalized_title": "hallucinogens as discriminative stimuli in animals lsd phenethylamines and tryptamines", "authors": "J.C. Winter", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2008-10-30", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-008-1356-8", "pubmed_id": "18979087", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1356-8", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin, Psychology, Tryptamines, Serotonergic, Stimulus control, Neuroscience, Amphetamine, Designer drug, Metergoline, Neuropharmacology, Tryptamine, Stimulus (psychology), Phenethylamine, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Chemistry, Cognitive psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Drug, Receptor, Dopamine, Nicotine, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "raw_json": 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Winter\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1356-8\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2057298190" }, { "id": 2652, "title": "Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses.", "normalized_title": "serotonin research contributions to understanding psychoses", "authors": "Geyer MA, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The history of serotonin research is closely related to the study of hallucinogenic drugs that function as agonists at serotonin-2A receptors. The fundamental idea that psychotic states seen in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia might be attributable, in part, to abnormalities in serotonergic systems began with the almost simultaneous discovery of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and serotonin. Sixty years of study have confirmed early speculations regarding the important relationship between serotonin and both drug-induced and disorder-based psychotic states. Now, modern biochemical, pharmacological, behavioral, neuroimaging, genetic and molecular biological sciences are converging to understand how serotonergic systems interact with other monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems to modulate states of consciousness and contribute to psychotic disorders such as the group of schizophrenias. This review summarizes experimental assessments of the serotonergic hallucinogen model psychosis in relation to the serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-08-31", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006", "pubmed_id": "19086254", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Psychotic Disorders, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19086254\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5367, "title": "Effects of the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on object completion in humans", "normalized_title": "effects of the hallucinogenic 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on object completion in humans", "authors": "F.X. Vollenweider, Daniel Hell, Michael Kometer", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Journal of Psychophysiology", "publication_date": "2008-07-16", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.397", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.397", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Agonist, Psychology, Object (grammar), Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1965548601\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1965548601\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083967444\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Hell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021802006\",\"display_name\":\"Michael Kometer\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S129135363\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Psychophysiology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.397\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1965548601" }, { "id": 5368, "title": "Dopamine D4 receptor involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects in rats of LSD, but not the phenethylamine hallucinogen DOI", "normalized_title": "dopamine d4 receptor involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects in rats of lsd but not the phenethylamine hallucinogen doi", "authors": "Danuta Marona-Lewicka, Benjamin R. Chemel, David E. Nichols", "abstract": "", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2008-07-04", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-008-1238-0", "pubmed_id": "18604600", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1238-0", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Phenethylamine, Dopamine, Psychology, Neuroscience, Dopamine receptor, Stimulus control, Psilocybin, Stimulus (psychology), Lysergic acid diethylamide, Pharmacology, Receptor, Medicine, Serotonin, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Psychotherapist, Nicotine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093210784\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093210784\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":44,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3049811\",\"https://openalex.org/W228285537\",\"https://openalex.org/W570263944\",\"https://openalex.org/W1555828690\",\"https://openalex.org/W1916318562\",\"https://openalex.org/W1955765354\",\"https://openalex.org/W1963690073\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966515892\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972836962\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973371295\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974222274\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979179687\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980453588\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981875451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992156446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000223105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009823135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013460039\",\"https://openalex.org/W2013597222\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016437478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020697786\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021282200\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029267570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029819129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034861313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038588928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044852143\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058977495\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059230444\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061540554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070153062\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074631079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079752502\",\"https://openalex.org/W2081148990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082489863\",\"https://openalex.org/W2083514564\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085539182\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089073276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2093072166\",\"https://openalex.org/W2094569992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102842375\",\"https://openalex.org/W2108046512\",\"https://openalex.org/W2110279496\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116888010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2117719880\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118100568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129502009\",\"https://openalex.org/W2130184296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153341576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154277990\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154371572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2158090573\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159282759\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165194242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2169764325\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170585987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2247595970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2309497242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2346301012\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401188729\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415790267\",\"https://openalex.org/W2431867045\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5064460981\",\"display_name\":\"Danuta Marona-Lewicka\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079674829\",\"display_name\":\"Benjamin R. Chemel\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101815306\",\"display_name\":\"David E. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-1697\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1238-0\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2093210784" }, { "id": 5372, "title": "II. The Effects of Some Hallucinogens on Aggressiveness of Mice and Rats", "normalized_title": "ii the effects of some hallucinogens on aggressiveness of mice and rats", "authors": "Wojciech Kostowski, W Rewerski, T Piechocki", "abstract": "The action of JB-336, psilocybin, ibogaine and bufotenine on the aggressiveness os isolated mice, as well as the muricide reaction of rats, was investigated. All drugs evoked a substantial decrease in aggressiveness, but this effect was dependent on isolation time, time after injection and the type of test used.", "journal": "Pharmacology", "publication_date": "2008-05-27", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1159/000136297", "pubmed_id": "4672886", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000136297", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Psychotomimetic, Neuroscience, Psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, NMDA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2016681203\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2016681203\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":28,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045544787\",\"display_name\":\"Wojciech Kostowski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004298794\",\"display_name\":\"W Rewerski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033388027\",\"display_name\":\"T Piechocki\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S106137443\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1159/000136297\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2016681203" }, { "id": 2655, "title": "Mismatch negativity generation in the human 5HT2A agonist and NMDA antagonist model of psychosis.", "normalized_title": "mismatch negativity generation in the human 5ht2a agonist and nmda antagonist model of psychosis", "authors": "Heekeren K, Daumann J, Daumann J, Neukirch A, Stock C, Kawohl W, Norra C, Waberski TD, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E.", "abstract": "RationaleMany studies have reported deficits of mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenic patients. Pharmacological challenges with hallucinogens in healthy humans are used as models for psychotic states. Previous studies reported a significant reduction of MMN after ketamine (N-methyl-D-aspartate acid [NMDA] antagonist model) but not after psilocybin (5HT2A agonist model).ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to directly compare the two models of psychosis using an intraindividual crossover design.Materials and methodsFifteen healthy subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with a low and a high dose of the 5HT2A agonist dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and the NMDA antagonist S-ketamine. During electroencephalographic recording, the subjects were performing the AX-version of a continuous performance test (AX-CPT). A source analysis of MMN was performed on the basis of a four-source model of MMN generation.ResultsNine subjects completed both experimental days with the two doses of both drugs. Overall, we found blunted MMN and performance deficits in the AX-CPT after both drugs. However, the reduction in MMN activity was overall more pronounced after S-ketamine intake, and only S-ketamine had a significant impact on the frontal source of MMN.ConclusionsThe NDMA antagonist model and the 5HT2A agonist model of psychosis display distinct neurocognitive profiles. These findings are in line with the view of the two classes of hallucinogens modeling different aspects of psychosis.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2008-05-17", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-008-1129-4", "pubmed_id": "18488201", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1129-4", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Ketamine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Electroencephalography, Brain Mapping, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Orientation, Auditory Perception, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychomotor Performance, Attention, Contingent Negative Variation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Reflex, Startle, Inhibition, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"18488201\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2037891934\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2037891934\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":158,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W69802506\",\"https://openalex.org/W201751606\",\"https://openalex.org/W329229893\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964367073\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964691567\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970339291\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974659316\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975764941\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976676889\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979267292\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996141026\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2006900274\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016957475\",\"https://openalex.org/W2019901130\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020029019\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027276797\",\"https://openalex.org/W2036454306\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048720556\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055970280\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064059402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064212106\",\"https://openalex.org/W2066794669\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071178718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078999810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2086385072\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089493249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090308560\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091898010\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103027112\",\"https://openalex.org/W2109848582\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125206183\",\"https://openalex.org/W2125315608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137432242\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153597216\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154183720\",\"https://openalex.org/W2157509438\",\"https://openalex.org/W4321429578\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061860701\",\"display_name\":\"Karsten Heekeren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042119216\",\"display_name\":\"Jörg Daumann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-1787\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039142254\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Neukirch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000739239\",\"display_name\":\"Carsten Stock\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5025117012\",\"display_name\":\"Wolfram Kawohl\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-4563\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063803771\",\"display_name\":\"Christine Norra\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113685009\",\"display_name\":\"Till Dino Waberski\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033767146\",\"display_name\":\"Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-4578\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1129-4\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2037891934" }, { "id": 2645, "title": "Apical regional wall motion abnormalities reminiscent to Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy following consumption of psychoactive fungi.", "normalized_title": "apical regional wall motion abnormalities reminiscent to tako tsubo cardiomyopathy following consumption of psychoactive fungi", "authors": "Nef HM, Möllmann H, Hilpert P, Krause N, Troidl C, Weber M, Rolf A, Dill T, Hamm C, Elsässer A.", "abstract": "Consumption of natural hallucinogenic substances continues to be a problem. In this case we report from a young male patient presenting with an acute coronary syndrome with significant ST-elevation after the abuse of psychoactive fungi, commonly referred to as \"magic mushrooms\". Coronary angiography excludes relevant coronary artery disease. In ventriculography contractile dysfunction with hypokinesia in the apical segments could be documented reminiscent to wall motion abnormalities in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging showed no pathological signal activity in the late-enhancement sequences ruling out myocardial infarction or inflammatory processes. Ventricular function normalized within several days. The active metabolite of psychoactive fungi psilocybin is known to interact with several different dopaminergic, adrenergic and serotonergic receptors. Thus, the pathomechanisms leading to contractile dysfunction after consumption of psychoactive fungi are reminiscent to those documented in TTC.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-04-01", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.064", "pubmed_id": "18378018", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.064", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Coronary Angiography, Adolescent, Male, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"18378018\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Randomized Controlled Trial,Adolescents,Inflammation", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2654, "title": "The structure of human serotonin 2c G-protein-coupled receptor bound to agonists and antagonists.", "normalized_title": "the structure of human serotonin 2c g protein coupled receptor bound to agonists and antagonists", "authors": "Bray JK, Goddard WA.", "abstract": "We used the MembStruk computational procedure to predict the three-dimensional (3D) structure for the serotonin 5-HT(2C) G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Using this structure, we used the MSCDock computational procedure to predict the 3D structures for bound ligand-protein complexes for agonists such as serotonin and antagonists such as ritanserin, metergoline, and methiothepin. In addition, we predicted the SAR data for a series of psilocybin analogs, both agonists and antagonists. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) on serotonin bound to 5-HT(2C) and we find the protein and binding site to be stable after 5ns. We find good agreement with the currently known experimental data and we predict a number of new mutations which could be used to validate further our predicted structures. This agreement between theory and experiment suggests that our 3D structure is sufficiently accurate for use in drug design. We also compare a preliminary prediction for 5-HT(2B) with our prediction for 5-HT(2C) and find a difference in TM5 that contributes to different serotonin binding modes in 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C).", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-03-26", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.02.006", "pubmed_id": "18499489", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.02.006", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Metergoline, Ritanserin, Methiothepin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Mutagenesis, Binding Sites, Amino Acid Sequence, Protein Structure, Secondary, Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Molecular Sequence Data, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"18499489\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2658, "title": "Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis.", "normalized_title": "identification of a serotonin glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis", "authors": "González-Maeso J, Ang RL, Yuen T, Chan P, Weisstaub NV, López-Giménez JF, Zhou M, Okawa Y, Callado LF, Callado LF, Milligan G, Gingrich JA, Filizola M, Meana JJ, Sealfon SC.", "abstract": "The psychosis associated with schizophrenia is characterized by alterations in sensory processing and perception. Some antipsychotic drugs were identified by their high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (2AR). Drugs that interact with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) also have potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The effects of hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, require the 2AR and resemble some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we show that the mGluR2 interacts through specific transmembrane helix domains with the 2AR, a member of an unrelated G-protein-coupled receptor family, to form functional complexes in brain cortex. The 2AR-mGluR2 complex triggers unique cellular responses when targeted by hallucinogenic drugs, and activation of mGluR2 abolishes hallucinogen-specific signalling and behavioural responses. In post-mortem human brain from untreated schizophrenic subjects, the 2AR is upregulated and the mGluR2 is downregulated, a pattern that could predispose to psychosis. These regulatory changes indicate that the 2AR-mGluR2 complex may be involved in the altered cortical processes of schizophrenia, and this complex is therefore a promising new target for the treatment of psychosis.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2008-02-23", "publication_year": 2008, "doi": "10.1038/nature06612", "pubmed_id": "18297054", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06612", "keywords": "Brain, Cells, Cultured, Cell Line, Animals, Humans, Mice, Multiprotein Complexes, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Signal Transduction, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Binding, Models, Molecular", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"18297054\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5381, "title": "Involvement of 5-HT2A Receptor in the Regulation of Hippocampal-Dependent Learning and Neurogenesis", "normalized_title": "involvement of 5 ht2a receptor in the regulation of hippocampal dependent learning and neurogenesis", "authors": "Briony J. Catlow", "abstract": "Aberrations in brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission have been implicated in psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression and deficits in learning and memory. Many of these disorders are treated with drugs which promote the availability of 5-HT in the synapse. Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to stimulate the production of new neurons in the hippocampus (HPC) by increasing synaptic concentration of serotonin (5-HT). However, it is not clear which of the 5-HT receptors are involved in behavioral improvements and enhanced neurogenesis. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of 5HT2A agonists psilocybin and 251-NBMeO and the 5HT2A/C antagonist ketanserin on neurogenesis and hippocampal-dependent learning. Agonists and an antagonist to the 5-HT2A receptor produced alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis and trace fear conditioning. Future studies should examine the temporal effects of acute and chronic psilocybin administration on hippocampal-dependent learning and neurogenesis.", "journal": "Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)", "publication_date": "2007-12-31", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/166", "keywords": "Ketanserin, Neurogenesis, Serotonergic, Serotonin, Hippocampal formation, Pharmacology, 5-HT receptor, Saline, Hippocampus, Receptor antagonist, Antagonist, Medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Anesthesia, Psychology, Receptor, Neuroscience, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Memory and Neural Mechanisms", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": 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J. Catlow\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4377196272\",\"source_display_name\":\"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/166\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Neuroplasticity,Neurogenesis,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1522661265" }, { "id": 2664, "title": "Psilocybin links binocular rivalry switch rate to attention and subjective arousal levels in humans.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin links binocular rivalry switch rate to attention and subjective arousal levels in humans", "authors": "Carter OL, Hasler F, Pettigrew JD, Wallis GM, Liu GB, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "RationaleBinocular rivalry occurs when different images are simultaneously presented to each eye. During continual viewing of this stimulus, the observer will experience repeated switches between visual awareness of the two images. Previous studies have suggested that a slow rate of perceptual switching may be associated with clinical and drug-induced psychosis.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to explore the proposed relationship between binocular rivalry switch rate and subjective changes in psychological state associated with 5-HT2A receptor activation.Materials and methodsThis study used psilocybin, the hallucinogen found naturally in Psilocybe mushrooms that had previously been found to induce psychosis-like symptoms via the 5-HT2A receptor. The effects of psilocybin (215 microg/kg) were considered alone and after pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (50 mg) in ten healthy human subjects.ResultsPsilocybin significantly reduced the rate of binocular rivalry switching and increased the proportion of transitional/mixed percept experience. Pretreatment with ketanserin blocked the majority of psilocybin's \"positive\" psychosis-like hallucinogenic symptoms. However, ketanserin had no influence on either the psilocybin-induced slowing of binocular rivalry or the drug's \"negative-type symptoms\" associated with reduced arousal and vigilance.ConclusionsTogether, these findings link changes in binocular rivalry switching rate to subjective levels of arousal and attention. In addition, it suggests that psilocybin's effect on binocular rivalry is unlikely to be mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2007-09-13", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-007-0930-9", "pubmed_id": "17874073", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0930-9", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Hallucinogens, Drug Combinations, Double-Blind Method, Vision Disparity, Arousal, Attention, Vision, Binocular, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17874073\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2104493382\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":150,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W3049811\",\"https://openalex.org/W173827618\",\"https://openalex.org/W1238819995\",\"https://openalex.org/W1603717513\",\"https://openalex.org/W1628460382\",\"https://openalex.org/W1828538530\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844018320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980769992\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990652280\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995160619\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998786450\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001310902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002117922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003131878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007478842\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009134620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009833265\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012183985\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021886395\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025175823\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027305485\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039200237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042466519\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042603095\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044779961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054240764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058989554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059295576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069954052\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070290419\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077239925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2100643723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2104516271\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"https://openalex.org/W2120918936\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2138728119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140583928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2145998697\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146167184\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146590513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2151923230\",\"https://openalex.org/W2156868152\",\"https://openalex.org/W2159388110\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162835000\",\"https://openalex.org/W2170628837\",\"https://openalex.org/W2303708813\",\"https://openalex.org/W2605602457\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211057129\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4238001977\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294214781\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043437185\",\"display_name\":\"Guy Wallis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079293769\",\"display_name\":\"Guang B. Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S80334769\",\"source_display_name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0930-9\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2104493382" }, { "id": 2662, "title": "Hallucinogen-like effects of N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT): possible mediation by serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in rodents.", "normalized_title": "hallucinogen like effects of n n dipropyltryptamine dpt possible mediation by serotonin 5 ht1a and 5 ht2a receptors in rodents", "authors": "Fantegrossi WE, Reissig CJ, Katz EB, Yarosh HL, Rice KC, Winter JC.", "abstract": "N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT) is a synthetic tryptamine hallucinogen which has been used psychotherapeutically in humans, but has been studied preclinically only rarely. In the present studies, DPT was tested in a drug-elicited head-twitch assay in mice, and in rats trained to discriminate lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine (psilocybin), or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). A separate group of rats was also trained to recognize DPT itself as a discriminative stimulus, and in all cases, the behavioral effects of DPT were challenged with the selective serotonin (5-HT)2A antagonist M100907, the 5-HT1A selective antagonist WAY-100635, or their combination. In the head-twitch assay, DPT elicited dose-dependent effects, producing a biphasic dose-effect curve. WAY-100635 produced a parallel rightward shift in the dose-effect curve for head twitches, indicative of surmountable antagonism, but the antagonist effects of M100907 were functionally insurmountable. DPT produced partial to full substitution when tested in rats trained to discriminate LSD, psilocybin or MDMA, and served as a discriminative stimulus. In all cases, the antagonist effects of M100907 were more profound than were those of WAY-100635. DPT is thus active in two rodent models relevant to 5-HT2 agonist activity. The effectiveness with which M100907 antagonizes the behavioral actions of this compound strongly suggest that the 5-HT2A receptor is an important site of action for DPT, but the modulatory actions of WAY-100635 also imply a 5-HT1A-mediated component to the actions of this compound.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2007-09-13", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1016/j.pbb.2007.09.007", "pubmed_id": "17905422", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.09.007", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Inbred F344, Mice, Rats, Tryptamines, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Fluorobenzenes, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Piperazines, Piperidines, Pyridines, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Discrimination Learning, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17905422\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1979963125" }, { "id": 2661, "title": "Antagonism of phencyclidine-induced stimulus control in the rat by other psychoactive drugs.", "normalized_title": "antagonism of phencyclidine induced stimulus control in the rat by other psychoactive drugs", "authors": "Winter JC.", "abstract": "It has been observed that agents with agonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors prevent neurotoxicity induced by the non-competitive NMDA antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801). Subsequent behavioral studies reported complete antagonism by LSD and DOM of the stimulus effects of the related NMDA antagonist, phencyclidine [PCP]. The present study sought to extend those observations to include other psychoactive drugs. Male F-344 rats were trained in a 2-lever, fixed-ratio 10, food-reinforced task with PCP (3.0 mg/kg; IP; 30 min pretreatment) as a discriminative stimulus. Tests of generalization were then conducted using the training dose of PCP in combination with a range of doses of DOM, LSD, d-amphetamine, MDMA, psilocybin, buspirone, and GHB. All of the drugs tested in combination with PCP produced a statistically significant diminution of PCP-appropriate responding but for none was antagonism complete. These data, obtained using a stimulus control model of the hallucinogenic effects of PCP, fail to support the hypothesis that LSD and DOM completely antagonize stimulus control by PCP. Instead, the data suggest complex interactions between PCP-induced stimulus control and a variety of psychoactive drugs including GHB, an agent with no known affinity for serotonergic receptors.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2007-08-14", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1016/j.pbb.2007.07.007", "pubmed_id": "17936884", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.07.007", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, Sodium Oxybate, Phencyclidine, Dopamine Agents, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Serotonin Agents, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Conditioning, Operant, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17936884\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Toxicity,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2014693564" }, { "id": 2666, "title": "Psilocybin-induced stimulus control in the rat.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced stimulus control in the rat", "authors": "Winter JC, Rice KC, Amorosi DJ, Rabin RA.", "abstract": "Although psilocybin has been trained in the rat as a discriminative stimulus, little is known of the pharmacological receptors essential for stimulus control. In the present investigation rats were trained with psilocybin and tests were then conducted employing a series of other hallucinogens and presumed antagonists. An intermediate degree of antagonism of psilocybin was observed following treatment with the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, M100907. In contrast, no significant antagonism was observed following treatment with the 5-HT(1A/7) receptor antagonist, WAY-100635, or the DA D(2) antagonist, remoxipride. Psilocybin generalized fully to DOM, LSD, psilocin, and, in the presence of WAY-100635, DMT while partial generalization was seen to 2C-T-7 and mescaline. LSD and MDMA partially generalized to psilocybin and these effects were completely blocked by M-100907; no generalization of PCP to psilocybin was seen. The present data suggest that psilocybin induces a compound stimulus in which activity at the 5-HT(2A) receptor plays a prominent but incomplete role. In addition, psilocybin differs from closely related hallucinogens such as 5-MeO-DMT in that agonism at 5-HT(1A) receptors appears to play no role in psilocybin-induced stimulus control.", "journal": "Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior", "publication_date": "2007-06-21", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1016/j.pbb.2007.06.003", "pubmed_id": "17688928", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.06.003", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Phencyclidine, Hallucinogens, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Conditioning, Operant, Generalization, Stimulus, Reinforcement Schedule, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Psilocybin, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17688928\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1990245488\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":73,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W12075716\",\"https://openalex.org/W35307366\",\"https://openalex.org/W70805046\",\"https://openalex.org/W357540457\",\"https://openalex.org/W593527748\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966592369\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967653523\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426098\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972426655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972729417\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974147974\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975006228\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980453588\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980939112\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981056570\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983245593\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986834206\",\"https://openalex.org/W1993643836\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994762742\",\"https://openalex.org/W1996267822\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2000223105\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014849557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022909733\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023082261\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031544765\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034861313\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038393570\",\"https://openalex.org/W2038588928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042601718\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043312960\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055238925\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058110328\",\"https://openalex.org/W2063339016\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077218907\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080515992\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082515491\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085223510\",\"https://openalex.org/W2091608595\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102438497\",\"https://openalex.org/W2107985334\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121441663\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121712138\",\"https://openalex.org/W2127165654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2165450714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2175826073\",\"https://openalex.org/W2245706386\",\"https://openalex.org/W2279719644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332105174\",\"https://openalex.org/W2332729333\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2400995186\",\"https://openalex.org/W2411998515\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412554478\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414246970\",\"https://openalex.org/W2414349356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2432259727\",\"https://openalex.org/W2462370446\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798565539\",\"https://openalex.org/W3037224947\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W6600487593\",\"https://openalex.org/W6695020859\",\"https://openalex.org/W6714924817\",\"https://openalex.org/W6718988623\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065486287\",\"display_name\":\"J.C. Winter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072565784\",\"display_name\":\"Kenner C. Rice\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1147-9147\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5077889474\",\"display_name\":\"D.J. Amorosi\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111796495\",\"display_name\":\"R.A. Rabin\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S59685179\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.06.003\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1990245488" }, { "id": 2667, "title": "Further evidence that the delayed temporal dopaminergic effects of LSD are mediated by a mechanism different than the first temporal phase of action.", "normalized_title": "further evidence that the delayed temporal dopaminergic effects of lsd are mediated by a mechanism different than the first temporal phase of action", "authors": "Marona-Lewicka D, Nichols DE.", "abstract": "Activation of 5-HT(2A) receptors is thought to mediate the hallucinogenic effects of LSD. Nevertheless, in a previous report we provided evidence that a delayed temporal phase of the behavioral pharmacology of LSD is mediated by D(2)-like dopamine receptor stimulation. In this study rats were trained to discriminate LSD with either a 30 min preinjection time (LSD-30, N=12) or a 90 min preinjection time (LSD-90, N=13) from saline, using a two-lever, food-reinforced operant conditioning task. We then tested a large number of agonists and antagonists belonging to distinct pharmacological classes in these animals. As anticipated, classical hallucinogens such as psilocin and mescaline substituted only in LSD-30 rats, and not in LSD-90 rats. The dopamine receptor agonists ABT-724, aripiprazole, dihydrexidine, WAY100635, and SKF38393, fully or partially mimicked LSD-90, but not LSD-30. The results reported here support and extend our previous conclusion that the delayed temporal effects of LSD are mediated by activation of a dopaminergic system.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2007-06-13", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1016/j.pbb.2007.06.001", "pubmed_id": "17618679", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.06.001", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Dopamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Neurotransmitter Agents, Dopamine Agonists, Hallucinogens, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Conditioning, Operant, Discrimination Learning, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Interactions, Food, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17618679\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2668, "title": "The effects of the preferential 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on prepulse inhibition of startle in healthy human volunteers depend on interstimulus interval.", "normalized_title": "the effects of the preferential 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on prepulse inhibition of startle in healthy human volunteers depend on interstimulus interval", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Csomor PA, Knappe B, Geyer MA, Quednow BB.", "abstract": "Schizophrenia patients exhibit impairments in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response. Hallucinogenic 5-HT(2A) receptor agonists are used for animal models of schizophrenia because they mimic some symptoms of schizophrenia in humans and induce PPI deficits in animals. Nevertheless, one report indicates that the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist psilocybin increases PPI in healthy humans. Hence, we investigated these inconsistent results by assessing the dose-dependent effects of psilocybin on PPI in healthy humans. Sixteen subjects each received placebo or 115, 215, and 315 microg/kg of psilocybin at 4-week intervals in a randomized and counterbalanced order. PPI at 30-, 60-, 120-, 240-, and 2000-ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs) was measured 90 and 165 min after drug intake, coinciding with the peak and post-peak effects of psilocybin. The effects of psilocybin on psychopathological core dimensions and sustained attention were assessed by the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) and the Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR). Psilocybin dose-dependently reduced PPI at short (30 ms), had no effect at medium (60 ms), and increased PPI at long (120-2000 ms) ISIs, without affecting startle reactivity or habituation. Psilocybin dose-dependently impaired sustained attention and increased all 5D-ASC scores with exception of Auditory Alterations. Moreover, psilocybin-induced impairments in sustained attention performance were positively correlated with reduced PPI at the 30 ms ISI and not with the concomitant increases in PPI observed at long ISIs. These results confirm the psilocybin-induced increase in PPI at long ISIs and reveal that psilocybin also produces a decrease in PPI at short ISIs that is correlated with impaired attention and consistent with deficient PPI in schizophrenia.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2007-02-13", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1301324", "pubmed_id": "17299516", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301324", "keywords": "Humans, Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Attention, Psychological Tests, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Reflex, Startle, Psilocybin, Inhibition, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17299516\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2115308878\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":194,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W22529605\",\"https://openalex.org/W147972831\",\"https://openalex.org/W1607171655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1757694062\",\"https://openalex.org/W1968524760\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972895831\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974154075\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984305433\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986425243\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986772828\",\"https://openalex.org/W1990888488\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992625143\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994153884\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995127336\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003430572\",\"https://openalex.org/W2005756201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007011615\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009823135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016884761\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021275952\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029277771\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037386710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2042676846\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044704612\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047187993\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048405858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2052578687\",\"https://openalex.org/W2053006968\",\"https://openalex.org/W2060884332\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062437001\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062957015\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065086912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069168835\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071289935\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073113115\",\"https://openalex.org/W2073845233\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077604455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2078297889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084395458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088475367\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090855318\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090979638\",\"https://openalex.org/W2095232142\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096029767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097175416\",\"https://openalex.org/W2097759310\",\"https://openalex.org/W2103006441\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123354702\",\"https://openalex.org/W2126853995\",\"https://openalex.org/W2129582923\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131489415\",\"https://openalex.org/W2140774335\",\"https://openalex.org/W2148234967\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150232387\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242530628\",\"https://openalex.org/W2261854704\",\"https://openalex.org/W2271221126\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396000083\",\"https://openalex.org/W3021847224\",\"https://openalex.org/W4251474114\",\"https://openalex.org/W6690195860\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5036220169\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Csomor\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078259313\",\"display_name\":\"Bernhard Knappe\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5034576114\",\"display_name\":\"Mark A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-9331\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5071295954\",\"display_name\":\"Boris B. Quednow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-2865\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S175030738\",\"source_display_name\":\"Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301324\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2115308878" }, { "id": 2671, "title": "Hallucinogens recruit specific cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated signaling pathways to affect behavior.", "normalized_title": "hallucinogens recruit specific cortical 5 ht 2a receptor mediated signaling pathways to affect behavior", "authors": "González-Maeso J, Weisstaub NV, Zhou M, Chan P, Ivic L, Ang R, Lira A, Bradley-Moore M, Ge Y, Zhou Q, Sealfon SC, Gingrich JA.", "abstract": "Hallucinogens, including mescaline, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), profoundly affect perception, cognition, and mood. All known drugs of this class are 5-HT(2A) receptor (2AR) agonists, yet closely related 2AR agonists such as lisuride lack comparable psychoactive properties. Why only certain 2AR agonists are hallucinogens and which neural circuits mediate their effects are poorly understood. By genetically expressing 2AR only in cortex, we show that 2AR-regulated pathways on cortical neurons are sufficient to mediate the signaling pattern and behavioral response to hallucinogens. Hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic 2AR agonists both regulate signaling in the same 2AR-expressing cortical neurons. However, the signaling and behavioral responses to the hallucinogens are distinct. While lisuride and LSD both act at 2AR expressed by cortex neurons to regulate phospholipase C, LSD responses also involve pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G(i/o) proteins and Src. These studies identify the long-elusive neural and signaling mechanisms responsible for the unique effects of hallucinogens.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2007-01-31", "publication_year": 2007, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.008", "pubmed_id": "17270739", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.008", "keywords": "Pyramidal Cells, Cerebral Cortex, Cells, Cultured, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Amphetamines, Lisuride, Ketanserin, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Autoradiography, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Behavior, Animal, Electrophysiology, Signal Transduction, Binding, Competitive, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17270739\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5392, "title": "HPLC/DAD analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in psilocybe cubensis", "normalized_title": "hplc dad analysis of psilocin and psilocybin in psilocybe cubensis", "authors": "Veniero Gambaro, Lucia Dell’Acqua, P.F. Croci, CM Pecoraro", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2006-12-31", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/146135", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Chemistry, High-performance liquid chromatography, Chromatography, Biology, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2784349684\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2784349684\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":12,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5108391925\",\"display_name\":\"Veniero Gambaro\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5081223464\",\"display_name\":\"Lucia Dell’Acqua\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021289845\",\"display_name\":\"P.F. Croci\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051760257\",\"display_name\":\"CM Pecoraro\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/146135\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2784349684" }, { "id": 2672, "title": "[Concentration of selected microelements in blood serum of rats exposed to the action of psilocin and phenylethylamine].", "normalized_title": "concentration of selected microelements in blood serum of rats exposed to the action of psilocin and phenylethylamine", "authors": "Majdanik S, Borowiak K, Brzezńska M, Machoy-Mokrzyńska A.", "abstract": "Natural hallucinogens (including Psilocybe mushrooms) became popular in Europe since the nineties. They have been in the focus of clinicians interest for years because of their biological effects. Mechanism of action of these hallucinogens, both Psilocin and Psilocibin, is based on the physiological structure similarity to human neurotransmitters as serotonin and catecholamines. One of the previous works indicated the possibility of the cardiotoxic action of the Psilocibin mushroom, effecting in anoxemic heart laesure. To verify the hypothesis of the Psilocibin-like myocardial damage wide experimental programme was designed. In the present work we introduce some results concerning magnesium, calcium, natrium, kalium and chloride plasma concentration in rats subjected subchronicly to psilocin and phenylethylamine. Basing on the obtained results, it can be stated that subchronic intoxication with natural hallucinogens may disturb magnesium balance without significantly effecting other microelements.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2006-12-31", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "20143700", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/20143700", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Chlorides, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phenethylamines, Hallucinogens, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"20143700\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthcare Workers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2418954309" }, { "id": 2678, "title": "Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of psilocybin in 9 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "normalized_title": "safety tolerability and efficacy of psilocybin in 9 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder", "authors": "Moreno FA, Wiegand CB, Taitano EK, Delgado PL.", "abstract": "BackgroundAnecdotal reports suggest that psychedelic agents may relieve symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This modified double-blind study investigated the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of psilocybin, a potent 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist, in patients with OCD.MethodNine subjects with DSM-IV-defined OCD and no other current major psychiatric disorder participated in up to 4 single-dose exposures to psilocybin in doses ranging from sub-hallucinogenic to frankly hallucinogenic. Low (100 microg/kg), medium (200 microg/kg), and high (300 microg/kg) doses were assigned in that order, and a very low dose (25 microg/kg) was inserted randomly and in double-blind fashion at any time after the first dose. Testing days were separated by at least 1 week. Each session was conducted over an 8-hour period in a controlled environment in an outpatient clinic; subjects were then transferred to a psychiatric inpatient unit for overnight observation. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and a visual analog scale measuring overall obsessive-compulsive symptom severity were administered at 0, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-ingestion. The Hallucinogen Rating Scale was administered at 8 hours, and vital signs were recorded at 0, 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after ingestion. The study was conducted from November 2001 to November 2004.ResultsNine subjects were administered a total of 29 psilocybin doses. One subject experienced transient hypertension without relation to anxiety or somatic symptoms, but no other significant adverse effects were observed. Marked decreases in OCD symptoms of variable degrees were observed in all subjects during 1 or more of the testing sessions (23%-100% decrease in YBOCS score). Repeated-measures analysis of variance for all YBOCS values revealed a significant main effect of time on Wilks lambda (F = 9.86, df = 3,3; p =.046), but no significant effect of dose (F = 2.25, df = 3,3; p =.261) or interaction of time and dose (F = 0.923, df = 9,45; p =.515). Improvement generally lasted past the 24-hour timepoint.ConclusionsIn a controlled clinical environment, psilocybin was safely used in subjects with OCD and was associated with acute reductions in core OCD symptoms in several subjects.", "journal": "The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2006-10-31", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": "10.4088/jcp.v67n1110", "pubmed_id": "17196053", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v67n1110", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Pain Measurement, Treatment Outcome, Severity of Illness Index, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"17196053\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2043197532\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":785,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W122113993\",\"https://openalex.org/W1583327662\",\"https://openalex.org/W1756752158\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012834083\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024826394\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031769899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054759608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2075352853\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079106221\",\"https://openalex.org/W2087265397\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088906118\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115506061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118403124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2123822033\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153960249\",\"https://openalex.org/W2154105276\",\"https://openalex.org/W2471389551\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003092221\",\"display_name\":\"Francisco Moreno\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-6108\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5005073454\",\"display_name\":\"Christopher B. Wiegand\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072558335\",\"display_name\":\"E. Keolani Taitano\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054838334\",\"display_name\":\"Pedro L. Delgado\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-841X\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S17992710\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v67n1110\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,OCD,Chronic Pain,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2043197532" }, { "id": 5394, "title": "Hallucinogen research inspires “neurotheology”", "normalized_title": "hallucinogen research inspires neurotheology", "authors": "Kelly Morris", "abstract": "", "journal": "The Lancet Neurology", "publication_date": "2006-08-17", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": "10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70541-5", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70541-5", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mysticism, Hallucinogen, Psychology, MAGIC (telescope), Ayahuasca, Trance, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapist, Art, Psychiatry, Sociology, Anthropology, Quantum mechanics, Physics, Literature, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2086660329\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2086660329\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5051012356\",\"display_name\":\"Kelly Morris\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S70053155\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Lancet Neurology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70541-5\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Mystical Experience", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2086660329" }, { "id": 5395, "title": "Hallucinogens", "normalized_title": "hallucinogens", "authors": "David L. Eldridge, Karin Hillenbrand", "abstract": "Hallucinogens. Nichols DE. Pharmacol Ther. 2004;101:131-181National Institute on Drug Abuse Web Site. Available at http://www.drugabuse.govThe Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogens. Abraham HD, Aldridge AM, Gogia P. Neuropsychopharmacol. 1996;14:285-298Toxic Psychoses as Pharmacological Models of Schizophrenia. Potvin S, Stip E, Roy J. Curr Psychiatr Rev. 2005;1:23-32The hallucinogens comprise a group of drugs that alters perception, cognition, and mood. Despite their name, hallucinogens only sometimes cause true hallucinations, defined as perceiving experiences that do not occur. These substances exert their mind-altering effects primarily through agonism at serotonin receptors (specifically 5-HT2a) in the central nervous system. There is some controversy over which drugs of abuse fit neatly into the category of hallucinogens. Although phencyclidine (PCP) may cause hallucinations, it is classified as a dissociative drug. Other drugs of abuse such as cocaine, anticholinergics, marijuana, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) can alter perception or produce hallucinations, but these drugs are not classified as hallucinogens because of different mechanisms of action and numerous other important physiologic and toxicologic effects.The best-known hallucinogen is the semisynthetic compound lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Naturally occurring hallucinogens include psilocybin, obtained from Psilocybe cubensis or “magic mushrooms,” and mescaline, derived from the peyote cactus. Lesser known but similar compounds include N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), derived from many botanical sources, and lysergic acid amide (LSA), derived from morning glory seeds. Although most of these compounds are ingested, DMT is smoked or inhaled nasally.Historically, hallucinogens have been used for religious ceremonies, recreational abuse, and even research purposes to induce alterations of perception. The Monitoring the Future Survey of the National Institute on Drug Abuse provides an annual assessment of the extent of drug use among 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students nationwide. The use by adolescents of hallucinogens as a class, and specifically of LSD, began to decline in the 1990s. Use of these drugs has remained stable at historically low levels of lifetime use: 3.5% of 8th graders and 9.7% of 12th graders stated use on data collected from 2002 through 2004.Physiologic effects of hallucinogen use include paresthesias, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, nausea, and blurred vision. The desired effect is altered perception by the user. Typical perceptual symptoms include distortion of shapes and colors and hallucinations that usually are visual. A classic, although uncommon, hallucinogen-induced perceptual change is synesthesia, in which one sense is perceived as another. For example, a user who has synesthesia may feel that he or she is “hearing” colors or “seeing” smells. Hallucinogen users may experience distorted cognition and have difficulty expressing thoughts or an imprecise sense of time. Users may describe a transcendent or dreamlike state. Mood often is affected greatly and varies from euphoria to a “bad trip,” in which the user experiences profound anxiety or fear.Unlike many other drugs of abuse, no current evidence suggests direct end-organ toxicity or overdose fatalities from hallucinogens. The acute danger of hallucinogens, instead, comes from their effect on judgment while the individual is in an altered state. Although reports are relatively rare, the unsupervised, altered patient may have a deadly accident, as in an attempt to fly. Irreversible ocular damage has been reported from staring at the sun. There is no evidence that these substances are physiologically addictive or produce a withdrawal syndrome.A long-term adverse outcome of hallucinogen use is the occurrence of “flashbacks,” now more appropriately referred to as hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. This condition consists of episodes of re-experiencing one or more of the perceptual symptoms previously induced by hallucinogen use after the drug has worn off and in the absence of another disorder, such as psychiatric illness. Although case reports of this phenomenon exist, it is believed to be rare.Symptoms of hallucinogen intoxication may be difficult to distinguish from those of psychiatric illness, particularly schizophrenia. Lack of a family history of psychiatric disorders, absence of symptoms when the drug has cleared, and variable severity of symptoms that can be related to an ingestion suggest hallucinogen toxicity. Although hallucinogens may cause visual perceptual disturbances and visual hallucinations, they do not cause the disorganized thinking, true delusions, and auditory hallucinations that are typical of schizophrenia.The treatment of a patient who is suspected of being under the influence of a hallucinogen is primarily supportive. Acutely intoxicated patients should be placed in a calm, quiet, protected environment and provided contact with familiar people and objects. Those experiencing a “bad trip” may benefit from benzodiazepines.Comment: The word hallucinogen, derived from Latin, means to wander in mind or talk idly. Research on hallucinogens has been challenging because these preparations exert varying effects, depending on the perception of the user and the setting where the use has taken place. The therapeutic benefits of these drugs have been debated. Additional research is needed to explore the neurocognitive effects of hallucinogens in an attempt to understand consciousness better, reduce anxiety in terminally ill patients facing death, and perhaps understand the mechanisms of certain mental illnesses, such as psychoses and schizophrenia.", "journal": "Pediatrics in Review", "publication_date": "2006-07-31", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": "10.1542/pir.27.8.314", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.27.8.314", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4205291617\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4205291617\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016001409\",\"display_name\":\"David L. Eldridge\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050825844\",\"display_name\":\"Karin Hillenbrand\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S118940750\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pediatrics in Review\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.27.8.314\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Addiction,End-of-Life Distress,Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Case Report,Observational Study,Adolescents,Toxicity", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4205291617" }, { "id": 2674, "title": "Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans.", "normalized_title": "effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans", "authors": "Wittmann M, Carter O, Hasler F, Cahn BR, Grimberg U, Spring P, Hell D, Flohr H, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Hallucinogenic psilocybin is known to alter the subjective experience of time. However, there is no study that systematically investigated objective measures of time perception under psilocybin. Therefore, we studied dose-dependent effects of the serotonin (5-HT)2A/1A receptor agonist psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) on temporal processing, employing tasks of temporal reproduction, sensorimotor synchronization and tapping tempo. To control for cognitive and subjective changes, we assessed spatial working memory and conscious experience. Twelve healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, medium (115 microg/kg), and high (250 microg/kg) dose conditions, in a double-blind experimental design. Psilocybin was found to significantly impair subjects' ability to (1) reproduce interval durations longer than 2.5 sec, (2) to synchronize to inter-beat intervals longer than 2 sec and (3) caused subjects to be slower in their preferred tapping rate. These objective effects on timing performance were accompanied by working-memory deficits and subjective changes in conscious state, namely increased reports of 'depersonalization' and 'derealization' phenomena including disturbances in subjective 'time sense.' Our study is the first to systematically assess the impact of psilocybin on timing performance on standardized measures of temporal processing. Results indicate that the serotonin system is selectively involved in duration processing of intervals longer than 2 to 3 seconds and in the voluntary control of the speed of movement. We speculate that psilocybin's selective disruption of longer intervals is likely to be a product of interactions with cognitive dimensions of temporal processing -presumably via 5-HT2A receptor stimulation.", "journal": "Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)", "publication_date": "2006-05-18", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881106065859", "keywords": "Humans, Dopamine Agonists, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Depersonalization, Memory, Space Perception, Time Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Periodicity, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Reference Values, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16714323\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W3088435629\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W3088435629\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068213226\",\"display_name\":\"Marc Wittmann\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-7334\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5018321179\",\"display_name\":\"B. Rael Cahn\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-0647\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015252123\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrike Grimberg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5078493423\",\"display_name\":\"Philipp Spring\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-2255\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5083967444\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Hell\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055147833\",\"display_name\":\"H. Flohr\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402388\",\"source_display_name\":\"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)\",\"landing_page_url\":null,\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3088435629" }, { "id": 2684, "title": "Aeruginascin, a trimethylammonium analogue of psilocybin from the hallucinogenic mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens.", "normalized_title": "aeruginascin a trimethylammonium analogue of psilocybin from the hallucinogenic mushroom inocybe aeruginascens", "authors": "Jensen N, Gartz J, Laatsch H.", "abstract": "The hallucinogenic mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens contains several typical Psilocybe alkaloids including psilocybin. We have now elucidated the structure of a further indole derivative named aeruginascin as the quaternary ammonium compound N, N, N-trimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine. Aeruginascin is closely related to the frog skin toxin bufotenidine (5-HTQ), a potent 5-HT3 receptor agonist, and has been found exclusively in Inocybe aeruginascens so far.", "journal": "Planta Medica", "publication_date": "2006-04-27", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": "10.1055/s-2006-931576", "pubmed_id": "16673333", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-931576", "keywords": "Agaricales, Tryptamines, Organophosphorus Compounds", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16673333\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2018061252\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":55,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W34798540\",\"https://openalex.org/W206856697\",\"https://openalex.org/W1974506606\",\"https://openalex.org/W1985037097\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2321137868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325470187\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5013730095\",\"display_name\":\"Niels Jensen\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8171-3333\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003770233\",\"display_name\":\"Jochen Gartz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061894074\",\"display_name\":\"Hartmut Laatsch\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-9385\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S39653451\",\"source_display_name\":\"Planta Medica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-931576\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2018061252" }, { "id": 5642, "title": "Effects of the N343A mutation in TM6 of the human serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor", "normalized_title": "effects of the n343a mutation in tm6 of the human serotonin 5 ht2a receptor", "authors": "M. Braden, James J. Chambers, David E. Nichols", "abstract": "The human serotonin 2A receptor (h5-HT2A R) plays an essential role in cognition, and is the principal target for serotonergic hallucinogens as well as atypical antipsychotics. Utilizing our in silico -activated h5-HT2A R homology model, an interaction was predicted between Asn343(6.55) in TM6 and the carbonyl of LSD. Virtual docking simulations of a new class of 5-HT2 agonists, substituted N -benzyl phenethylamines (“ N -Benzyls”), indicated that interaction with N343 also might contribute to the high binding affinities of those compounds. It was hypothesized that an N343A mutation would have a detrimental effect on binding and activity of ergolines and N -Benzyl compounds with polar ortho-substituents. Surprisingly, affinity was relatively unaffected for most ergolines and N -Benzyls. LSD actually had 2-fold increased affinity for the N343A mutant, and other tryptamines had mixed effects. Dramatic decreases in binding affinity were observed with an N -Benzyl analogue that lacked a polar ortho-substituent ( N -naphthyl; >10-fold loss) and serotonin (>10-fold loss). Using phosphoinositide accumulation to assess function, LSD, DET, and DMT showed 3- to 4-fold increased potency, psilocin and 5-MeO-DMT were 2- and 5-fold less potent, respectively, and serotonin was 60-fold less potent. The N343A mutation also decreased the intrinsic activity of all drugs tested. Thus, our original hypothesis appears incorrect. We now hypothesize that N343 either stabilizes a high-energy ground state of the helical bundle, or else may stabilize an activated receptor conformation once the ligand has bound. Supported by NIDA grant DA02189.", "journal": "The FASEB Journal", "publication_date": "2006-02-28", "publication_year": 2006, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a247-c", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a247-c", "keywords": "Chemistry, Docking (animal), Serotonergic, Stereochemistry, Tryptamines, Serotonin, Hallucinogen, Receptor, Mutant, Ligand (biochemistry), Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Tryptamine, Biology, Nursing, Gene, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W100552415\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W100552415\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":3,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5111664400\",\"display_name\":\"M. Braden\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046591359\",\"display_name\":\"James J. Chambers\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-8215\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101815306\",\"display_name\":\"David E. Nichols\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-1697\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S25293849\",\"source_display_name\":\"The FASEB Journal\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a247-c\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W100552415" }, { "id": 5644, "title": "Psilocin multiple intake resulted and in cardiotoxic effects", "normalized_title": "psilocin multiple intake resulted and in cardiotoxic effects", "authors": "Krzysztof Borowiak, Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska, Sławomir Majdanik, Piotr Waloszczyk, Małgorzata Piasecka, Tomasz Janus, E. Jasionowicz-Piatek, Mirosław Parafiniuk", "abstract": "", "journal": "Acta Toxicologica", "publication_date": "2005-12-31", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-f39ab4e7-0a77-47a4-b535-5656f3d5df88", "keywords": "Chemistry, Pharmacology, Computer science, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1039468090\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1039468090\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045834766\",\"display_name\":\"Krzysztof Borowiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2686\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032316718\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-4730\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055486011\",\"display_name\":\"Sławomir Majdanik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-1924\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113222602\",\"display_name\":\"Piotr Waloszczyk\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035927158\",\"display_name\":\"Małgorzata Piasecka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5914-2121\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028439569\",\"display_name\":\"Tomasz Janus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-2196\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5012326618\",\"display_name\":\"E. Jasionowicz-Piatek\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5009113410\",\"display_name\":\"Mirosław Parafiniuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2202\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4363606741\",\"source_display_name\":\"Acta Toxicologica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-f39ab4e7-0a77-47a4-b535-5656f3d5df88\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1039468090" }, { "id": 5405, "title": "SAR of Psilocybin Analogues: Discovery of a Selective 5-HT2C Agonist.", "normalized_title": "sar of psilocybin analogues discovery of a selective 5 ht2c agonist", "authors": "Howard Sard, Govindaraj Kumaran, Cynthia Morency, Bryan L. Roth, Beth Ann Toth, Ping He, Louis Shuster", "abstract": "Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.", "journal": "ChemInform", "publication_date": "2005-12-12", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1002/chin.200602219", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200602219", "keywords": "Chemistry, Psilocybin, Agonist, Stereochemistry, 5-HT receptor, Combinatorial chemistry, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Serotonin, Receptor, Biochemistry, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2952807918\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2952807918\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004511044\",\"display_name\":\"Howard Sard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020894218\",\"display_name\":\"Govindaraj Kumaran\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043580942\",\"display_name\":\"Cynthia Morency\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007856961\",\"display_name\":\"Bryan L. Roth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-6520\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046946887\",\"display_name\":\"Beth Ann Toth\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101808828\",\"display_name\":\"Ping He\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-1929\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061168719\",\"display_name\":\"Louis Shuster\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S41354064\",\"source_display_name\":\"ChemInform\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200602219\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2952807918" }, { "id": 2687, "title": "Psychological effects of (S)-ketamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): a double-blind, cross-over study in healthy volunteers.", "normalized_title": "psychological effects of s ketamine and n n dimethyltryptamine dmt a double blind cross over study in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Heekeren K, Neukirch A, Stoll M, Stock C, Obradovic M, Kovar KA.", "abstract": "IntroductionPharmacological challenges with hallucinogens are used as models for psychosis in experimental research. The state induced by glutamate antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) is often considered as a more appropriate model of psychosis than the state induced by serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). However, so far, the psychological profiles of the two types of hallucinogenic drugs have never been studied directly in an experimental within-subject design.MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers were included in a double-blind, cross-over study with two doses of the serotonin 5-HT2A agonist DMT and the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist (S)-ketamine.ResultsData are reported for nine subjects who completed both experimental days with both doses of the two drugs. The intensity of global psychological effects was similar for DMT and (S)-ketamine. However, phenomena resembling positive symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly positive formal thought disorder and inappropriate affect, were stronger after DMT. Phenomena resembling negative symptoms of schizophrenia, attention deficits, body perception disturbances and catatonia-like motor phenomena were stronger after (S)-ketamine.DiscussionThe present study suggests that the NMDA antagonist model of psychosis is not overall superior to the serotonin 5-HT2A agonist model. Rather, the two classes of drugs tend to model different aspects or types of schizophrenia. The NMDA antagonist state may be an appropriate model for psychoses with prominent negative and possibly also catatonic features, while the 5-HT2A agonist state may be a better model for psychoses of the paranoid type.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "2005-10-31", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1055/s-2005-916185", "pubmed_id": "16342002", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-916185", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinations, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Ketamine, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Infusions, Intravenous, Injections, Intravenous, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Cognition, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Schizophrenic Psychology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Stereoisomerism, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16342002\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2044783071\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":198,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033767146\",\"display_name\":\"Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-4578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061860701\",\"display_name\":\"Karsten Heekeren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039142254\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Neukirch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113018621\",\"display_name\":\"M. Stoll\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5000739239\",\"display_name\":\"Carsten Stock\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038220909\",\"display_name\":\"M. Obradovic\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110061565\",\"display_name\":\"K.-A. Kovar\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-916185\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2044783071" }, { "id": 2689, "title": "Using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention, working memory, and the serotonin 1A and 2A receptors.", "normalized_title": "using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention working memory and the serotonin 1a and 2a receptors", "authors": "Carter OL, Burr DC, Pettigrew JD, Wallis GM, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests a link between attention, working memory, serotonin (5-HT), and prefrontal cortex activity. In an attempt to tease out the relationship between these elements, this study tested the effects of the hallucinogenic mixed 5-HT1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin alone and after pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin. Eight healthy human volunteers were tested on a multiple-object tracking task and spatial working memory task under the four conditions: placebo, psilocybin (215 microg/kg), ketanserin (50 mg), and psilocybin and ketanserin. Psilocybin significantly reduced attentional tracking ability, but had no significant effect on spatial working memory, suggesting a functional dissociation between the two tasks. Pretreatment with ketanserin did not attenuate the effect of psilocybin on attentional performance, suggesting a primary involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in the observed deficit. Based on physiological and pharmacological data, we speculate that this impaired attentional performance may reflect a reduced ability to suppress or ignore distracting stimuli rather than reduced attentional capacity. The clinical relevance of these results is also discussed.", "journal": "Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2005-09-30", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1162/089892905774597191", "pubmed_id": "16269092", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/089892905774597191", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Chi-Square Distribution, Double-Blind Method, Memory, Short-Term, Space Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Attention, Reaction Time, Drug Interactions, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16269092\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2042593075\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":235,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1532044842\",\"https://openalex.org/W1545592082\",\"https://openalex.org/W1570604963\",\"https://openalex.org/W1635746382\",\"https://openalex.org/W1844018320\",\"https://openalex.org/W1883094066\",\"https://openalex.org/W1926876413\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965424617\",\"https://openalex.org/W1969549633\",\"https://openalex.org/W1972524714\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977344402\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977947329\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981721865\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983329325\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984470666\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994186616\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995045083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997058647\",\"https://openalex.org/W2001310902\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003682148\",\"https://openalex.org/W2004172377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2009122980\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012133058\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012521891\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015634454\",\"https://openalex.org/W2015987438\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017108196\",\"https://openalex.org/W2028488819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2031650972\",\"https://openalex.org/W2034285947\",\"https://openalex.org/W2035632600\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039200237\",\"https://openalex.org/W2044779961\",\"https://openalex.org/W2046187238\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047427656\",\"https://openalex.org/W2047587201\",\"https://openalex.org/W2048509938\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054240764\",\"https://openalex.org/W2056101986\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057400117\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059976461\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070700085\",\"https://openalex.org/W2072617762\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074051209\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074483296\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077604455\",\"https://openalex.org/W2079422629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082010356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2082661928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2088085131\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096029767\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096610047\",\"https://openalex.org/W2096626991\",\"https://openalex.org/W2099465227\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101060374\",\"https://openalex.org/W2106131177\",\"https://openalex.org/W2116420093\",\"https://openalex.org/W2118615399\",\"https://openalex.org/W2121449541\",\"https://openalex.org/W2124858522\",\"https://openalex.org/W2131744263\",\"https://openalex.org/W2139463224\",\"https://openalex.org/W2141403390\",\"https://openalex.org/W2143532311\",\"https://openalex.org/W2160742924\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162385239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2193634633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798547356\",\"https://openalex.org/W2798565539\",\"https://openalex.org/W4211150788\",\"https://openalex.org/W4212985106\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214728203\",\"https://openalex.org/W4245953326\",\"https://openalex.org/W4294214781\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5060157509\",\"display_name\":\"Olivia Carter\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6154\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003663764\",\"display_name\":\"David C. Burr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-8832\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043437185\",\"display_name\":\"Guy Wallis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S123144817\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1162/089892905774597191\",\"is_oa\":true}}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2042593075" }, { "id": 2688, "title": "SAR of psilocybin analogs: discovery of a selective 5-HT2C agonist.", "normalized_title": "sar of psilocybin analogs discovery of a selective 5 ht2c agonist", "authors": "Sard H, Kumaran G, Morency C, Roth BL, Toth BA, He P, Shuster L.", "abstract": "An SAR study of psilocybin and psilocin derivatives reveals that 1-methylpsilocin is a selective agonist at the h5-HT(2C) receptor. The corresponding phosphate derivative, 1-methylpsilocybin, shows efficacy in an animal model for obsessive-compulsive disorder, as does 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. These results suggest a new area for development of novel 5-HT(2C) agonists with applications for drug discovery.", "journal": "Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters", "publication_date": "2005-09-30", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.104", "pubmed_id": "16061378", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.104", "keywords": "Animals, Humans, Mice, Structure-Activity Relationship, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"16061378\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\",\"openalex_enrichment\":{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2173531201\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":78,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W212243276\",\"https://openalex.org/W1907730096\",\"https://openalex.org/W1937517990\",\"https://openalex.org/W1967681543\",\"https://openalex.org/W1970371846\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973660081\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979710987\",\"https://openalex.org/W1981598408\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983871703\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003830048\",\"https://openalex.org/W2023331513\",\"https://openalex.org/W2025634563\",\"https://openalex.org/W2054759608\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2064468738\",\"https://openalex.org/W2069513027\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080816683\",\"https://openalex.org/W2085444790\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146916583\",\"https://openalex.org/W2426006819\",\"https://openalex.org/W2464166541\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5004511044\",\"display_name\":\"Howard Sard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5020894218\",\"display_name\":\"Govindaraj Kumaran\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043580942\",\"display_name\":\"Cynthia Morency\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5007856961\",\"display_name\":\"Bryan L. Roth\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-6520\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046946887\",\"display_name\":\"Beth Ann Toth\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5101808828\",\"display_name\":\"Ping He\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-1929\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061168719\",\"display_name\":\"Louis Shuster\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S30970080\",\"source_display_name\":\"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.104\",\"is_oa\":false}}}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2173531201" }, { "id": 5407, "title": "Psychopathological effects of S-ketamine and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in humans: a double-blind, cross-over human experimental study of the NMDA antagonist and the 5HT2A agonist model of psychosis", "normalized_title": "psychopathological effects of s ketamine and dimethyltryptamine dmt in humans a double blind cross over human experimental study of the nmda antagonist and the 5ht2a agonist model of psychosis", "authors": "Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Anna Neukirch, Karsten Heekeren", "abstract": "Pharmacological challenges with hallucinogens are used as models for psychosis in experimental research. The state induced by glutamate antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) is often considered as a more appropriate model of psychosis than the state induced by serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). However, so far, this question has never been addressed directly in an experimental study. Fifteen healthy volunteers were included in a double-blind, cross-over study with two doses of the 5-HT2A agonist DMT and the NMDA antagonist S-ketamine. Overall, the intensity of the hallucinogenic drug effects was similar for DMT and S-ketamine. Phenomena resembling positive symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly positive formal thought disorder and inappropriate affect, were stronger after DMT. Phenomena resembling negative symptoms of schizophrenia, attention deficits, body perception disturbances and catatonia-like motor phenomena were stronger after S-ketamine. The present study demonstrates that the NMDA antagonist model of psychosis is not overall superior to the 5-HT2A agonist model. Rather, the two classes of drugs model different aspects or types of schizophrenia.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "2005-08-31", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1055/s-2005-918695", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-918695", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Phencyclidine, NMDA receptor, Psychosis, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Antagonist, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Serotonergic, Agonist, Neuroscience, Dissociative, Ketamine, 5-HT2A receptor, Partial agonist, Pharmacology, Serotonin, Medicine, Psychiatry, 5-HT receptor, Internal medicine, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 07:00:41", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2331400020\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2331400020\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033767146\",\"display_name\":\"Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-4578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5039142254\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Neukirch\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061860701\",\"display_name\":\"Karsten Heekeren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-918695\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2331400020" }, { "id": 2692, "title": "Modulating the rate and rhythmicity of perceptual rivalry alternations with the mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A agonist psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "modulating the rate and rhythmicity of perceptual rivalry alternations with the mixed 5 ht2a and 5 ht1a agonist psilocybin", "authors": "Carter OL, Pettigrew JD, Hasler F, Wallis GM, Liu GB, Hell D, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Binocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented simultaneously to corresponding points within the left and right eyes. Under these conditions, the observer's perception will alternate between the two perceptual alternatives. Motivated by the reported link between the rate of perceptual alternations, symptoms of psychosis and an incidental observation that the rhythmicity of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry was greatly increased 10 h after the consumption of LSD, this study aimed to investigate the pharmacology underlying binocular rivalry and to explore the connection between the timing of perceptual switching and psychosis. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, PY) was chosen for the study because, like LSD, it is known to act as an agonist at serotonin (5-HT)1A and 5-HT2A receptors and to produce an altered state sometimes marked by psychosis-like symptoms. A total of 12 healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, low-dose (115 microg/kg) and high-dose (250 microg/kg) PY conditions. In line with predictions, under both low- and high-dose conditions, the results show that at 90 min postadministration (the peak of drug action), rate and rhythmicity of perceptual alternations were significantly reduced from placebo levels. Following the 90 min testing period, the perceptual switch rate successively increased, with some individuals showing increases well beyond pretest levels at the final testing, 360 min postadministration. However, as some subjects had still not returned to pretest levels by this time, the mean phase duration at 360 min was not found to differ significantly from placebo. Reflecting the drug-induced changes in rivalry phase durations, subjects showed clear changes in psychological state as indexed by the 5D-ASC (altered states of consciousness) rating scales. This study suggests the involvement of serotonergic pathways in binocular rivalry and supports the previously proposed role of a brainstem oscillator in perceptual rivalry alternations and symptoms of psychosis.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2005-05-31", "publication_year": 2005, "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1300621", "pubmed_id": "15688092", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300621", "keywords": "Brain Stem, Raphe Nuclei, Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Affect, Consciousness, Memory, Short-Term, Perception, Visual Perception, Vision, Binocular, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Functional Laterality, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"15688092\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2124858522" }, { "id": 5414, "title": "P.3.027 Mismatch negativity generation in the human serotonergic and antiglutamatergic model of psychosis", "normalized_title": "p 3 027 mismatch negativity generation in the human serotonergic and antiglutamatergic model of psychosis", "authors": "", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2004-12-31", "publication_year": 2004, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(05)80963-0", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(05)80963-0", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Chemistry, Serotonergic, Psilocybin, Pharmacology, Mescaline, Stimulation, Serotonin, Receptor, Biochemistry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4236927940\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4236927940\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(05)80963-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4236927940" }, { "id": 2074, "title": "Development of a psilocin immunoassay for serum and blood samples.", "normalized_title": "development of a psilocin immunoassay for serum and blood samples", "authors": "Albers C, Köhler H, Lehr M, Brinkmann B, Beike J.", "abstract": "After the immunisation of rabbits with a psilocin-specific immunogen, polyclonal antisera were obtained. With these antisera a competitive, heterogeneous radioimmunoassay for the detection of psilocin was developed. As tracer a derivative of psilocin was synthesised, which contained a tritiated CH(3) group. The antisera showed a specific reaction with psilocin. The cross-reactivity of structurally related endogenous substances like serotonin, tryptophan and tyrosine was below 0.01%. Also common drugs of abuse (Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine, morphine, amphetamine) showed negligible cross-reactivity (0.01-2%). Only tricyclic neuroleptics with a (dimethylamino)ethyl side-chain showed some cross-reactivity (20%). Spiked serum and blood samples were analysed with this new immunoassay and the results obtained were compared with the values measured with a validated GC-MS method.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2004-08-02", "publication_year": 2004, "doi": "10.1007/s00414-004-0469-9", "pubmed_id": "15526212", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-004-0469-9", "keywords": "Animals, Rabbits, Humans, Hallucinogens, Radioimmunoassay, Sensitivity and Specificity, Substance Abuse Detection, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"15526212\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2029071824" }, { "id": 2698, "title": "Psilocybin impairs high-level but not low-level motion perception.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin impairs high level but not low level motion perception", "authors": "Carter OL, Pettigrew JD, Burr DC, Alais D, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "The hallucinogenic serotonin(1A&2A) agonist psilocybin is known for its ability to induce illusions of motion in otherwise stationary objects or textured surfaces. This study investigated the effect of psilocybin on local and global motion processing in nine human volunteers. Using a forced choice direction of motion discrimination task we show that psilocybin selectively impairs coherence sensitivity for random dot patterns, likely mediated by high-level global motion detectors, but not contrast sensitivity for drifting gratings, believed to be mediated by low-level detectors. These results are in line with those observed within schizophrenic populations and are discussed in respect to the proposition that psilocybin may provide a model to investigate clinical psychosis and the pharmacological underpinnings of visual perception in normal populations.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2004-07-31", "publication_year": 2004, "doi": "10.1097/00001756-200408260-00023", "pubmed_id": "15305143", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200408260-00023", "keywords": "Humans, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Photic Stimulation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Motion Perception, Contrast Sensitivity, Choice Behavior, Psychophysics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"15305143\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2096610047" }, { "id": 5419, "title": "The Effects of he Hallucinogenic Serotonin 1A/2A Agonist, Psilocybin, on Binocular Rivalry and Visual Contrast Detection Thresholds", "normalized_title": "the effects of he hallucinogenic serotonin 1a 2a agonist psilocybin on binocular rivalry and visual contrast detection thresholds", "authors": "O. Carter, David Alais, David C. Burr, Felix Hasler, G. Liu, Guy Wallis, Franz X. Vollenweider, John D. Pettigrew", "abstract": "", "journal": "Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)", "publication_date": "2003-12-31", "publication_year": 2003, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://openalex.org/W111026355", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Binocular rivalry, Psychology, Contrast (vision), Rivalry, Serotonin, Agonist, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Visual perception, Medicine, Artificial intelligence, Computer science, Perception, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Macroeconomics, Economics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W111026355\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W111026355\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049486527\",\"display_name\":\"O. Carter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003272847\",\"display_name\":\"David Alais\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-940X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003663764\",\"display_name\":\"David C. Burr\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-8832\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091683436\",\"display_name\":\"G. Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043437185\",\"display_name\":\"Guy Wallis\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-1540\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306402388\",\"source_display_name\":\"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)\",\"landing_page_url\":null,\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W111026355" }, { "id": 5421, "title": "Designer Hallucinogens", "normalized_title": "designer hallucinogens", "authors": "Leon Gussow", "abstract": "A25-year-old man was brought to the emergency department from a late-night dance club. A friend reported that the patient commonly used designer drugs that he purchased over the Internet. While at the club, he started to vomit and experience visual hallucinations. He had no previous medical history and took no prescription medications. On searching the patient's clothing, medical staff found an empty container that apparently had contained a powder and was labeled “5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine” with the warning “Not Fit for Human Consumption.” On examination, the patient was retching and hallucinating. Blood pressure was 140/90 mm Hg, pulse rate 132 bpm, respiratory rate 24 bpm, and temperature 37.7°C. Pupils were dilated, his lungs were clear, and the abdomen was soft. The remainder of the physical exam was unremarkable. Treatment included intravenous ondansetron for nausea and vomiting and Ativan for sedation. A CT scan of the head was normal. The patient was transferred to the medical intensive care unit. Within five hours of arrival at the hospital, his physical and mental status returned to normal. He admitted taking a substance called “foxy-methoxy,” and said he probably “screwed up the dose.” Hallucinogenic Properties Tryptamines are a class of natural or synthetic compounds, many of which have hallucinogenic properties. (See table.) The most familiar example of a hallucinogenic tryptamine is psilocybin. Recently, synthetic tryptamines have appeared at dance clubs and raves, apparently in an attempt to mimic the effects of the drug ecstasy. In April 2003, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration placed two of these compounds - 5-MeO-DIPT and alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) - into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, creating criminal liability for any unauthorized activity involving their use or distribution. 5-MeO-DIPT has the street names “foxy-methoxy” or just “foxy,” probably because of its chemical structure and reported aphrodisiac properties. Its affects mainly the neurological and gastrointestinal systems, causing hallucinations, mydriasis, blurred vision, irritability, restlessness, dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Occasionally the neurological and gastrointestinal manifestations of 5-MeO-DIPT may interact, as in this user's experience described in the book “TIHKAL” (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved): “I ate a vegetarian burrito four hours earlier. It took an hour for me to turn on. I have never experienced such an increase of the peristalsis process in moving the burrito through my colon, and with each defecation I would become a little more turned on. … As the effects of the material were rather extreme, I never felt as though I was having a psychedelic experience. Maybe because it was all about dealing with body load and discomfort.” (Shulgin & Shulgin, TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press, 1997.) 5-MeO-DIPT acts relatively rapidly, with an onset of 20 minutes. It peaks at about one hour and lasts three to six hours. Effects are dose-dependent, with larger doses causing hallucinations similar to LSD. It often is supplied as a capsule or as a purple tablet with the image of a spider or alien head pressed into it. It has recently appeared as a liquid soaked into a sugar cube or LSD-style blotter paper (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Microgram Bulletin, May 2003). A recent report of 5-MeO-DIPT intoxication (J Analytical Tox 2003;27:313) confirmed the presence of the drug in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, but unfortunately contained few clinical details.Figure: Structure of Foxy, 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine, 5-MeO-DOPT.Tryptamines, natural or synthetic compounds, have hallucinogenic properties AMT has effects similar to 5-MeO-DIPT but with a more extended time course. Onset is three to four hours, and duration is 12 to 24 hours. Because it has properties as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, AMT was studied in the 1960s for use as an antidepressant, but never marketed as such in the United States. A recent abstract described a 21-year-old male college student who presented after ingesting AMT obtained through the Internet. He had inadvertently taken 10 times his usual dose. He had dilated pupils and was described as hyper-vigilant, restless, tremulous, and experiencing visual hallucinations. His symptoms did not begin to resolve until 10 hours after presentation (J Tox Clin Tox 2003;41[5]:746). To date there have been no reported deaths associated with either 5-MeO-DIPT or AMT, although fatalities have been associated with exposure to other designer hallucinogens, including ethyltryptamine (J Forensic Sci 1993;38[3]:721). Another class of chemicals that causes effects similar to MDMA (ecstasy) is the piperazines, including benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP). These preparations have appeared as tablets pressed with the image of a fly, crown, heart, butterfly, or bull's head. They also have been sold as capsules containing a light-colored powder (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug Intelligence Brief, December 2001). In high doses, piperazines can cause hallucinations, seizures, and respiratory depression. Piperazines are used in industry, and have been available legally through chemical supply houses. Both BZP and TFMTT were reclassified as Schedule I substances in September 2002. Hallucinogenic Tryptamines ▪ Psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N, N-ethyltryptamine) ▪ Psilocyn (4-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) ▪ Bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) ▪ Alpha-ethyltryptamine (AET) ▪ Diethyltryptamine (DET) ▪ Dimehtyltryptamine (DMT) ▪ Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) ▪ 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) ▪ 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) (Foxy, foxy-methoxy) Source: Drug Intelligence Brief, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, October 2002.", "journal": "Emergency Medicine News", "publication_date": "2003-11-30", "publication_year": 2003, "doi": "10.1097/00132981-200312000-00015", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00132981-200312000-00015", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Hallucinating, Psilocybin, Designer drug, MDMA, Ecstasy, Retching, Medicine, Cathinone, Vomiting, Anesthesia, Psychiatry, Drug, Internal medicine, Amphetamine, Artificial intelligence, Dopamine, Computer science, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2319772829\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2319772829\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5021040523\",\"display_name\":\"Leon Gussow\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210169955\",\"source_display_name\":\"Emergency Medicine News\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132981-200312000-00015\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2319772829" }, { "id": 2703, "title": "Acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-effect study.", "normalized_title": "acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans a double blind placebo controlled dose effect study", "authors": "Hasler F, Grimberg U, Benz MA, Huber T, Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "RationaleSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors play an important role in perception, affect regulation and attention. Pharmacological challenge with the 5-HT(2A) agonist psilocybin (PY) is useful in studying the neurobiological basis of cognition and consciousness.ObjectiveInvestigation of dose-dependent effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical and physiological parameters.MethodsEight subjects received placebo (PL), and 45 (\"very low dose, VLD\"), 115 (\"low dose, LD\"), 215 (\"medium dose, MD\"), and 315 (\"high dose, HD\") microg/kg body weight PY. The \"Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale\" (5D-ASC), the \"Frankfurt Attention Inventory\" (FAIR), and the \"Adjective Mood Rating Scale\" (AMRS) were used to assess the effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical core dimensions, attention, and mood. A24-h electrocardiogram (EKG) was recorded and blood pressure was measured. Plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and standard clinical chemical parameters were determined.ResultsPY dose dependently increased scores of all 5D-ASC core dimensions. Only one subject reacted with transient anxiety to HD PY. Compared with PL, MD and HD PY led to a 50% reduction of performance in the FAIR test. \"General inactivation\", \"emotional excitability\", and \"dreaminess\" were the only domains of the AMRS showing increased scores following MD and HD PY. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was moderately elevated only 60 min following administration of HD PY. Neither EKG nor body temperature was affected by any dose of PY. TSH, ACTH, and CORT plasma levels were elevated during peak effects of HD PY, whereas PRL plasma levels were increased following MD and HD PY.ConclusionPY affects core dimensions of altered states of consciousness and physiological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Our study provided no cause for concern that PY is hazardous with respect to somatic health.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2003-11-12", "publication_year": 2003, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-003-1640-6", "pubmed_id": "14615876", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1640-6", "keywords": "Humans, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Affect, Attention, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"14615876\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2096626991" }, { "id": 5422, "title": "P.6.057 Effects of 2A receptor challenge by psilocybin on cognitive performance and neuroendocrine measures in healthy humans: A serotonin model of psychosis", "normalized_title": "p 6 057 effects of 2a receptor challenge by psilocybin on cognitive performance and neuroendocrine measures in healthy humans a serotonin model of psychosis", "authors": "Felix Hasler, Ulrike Grimberg, Martin Benz, F.X. Vollenweider", "abstract": "", "journal": "European Neuropsychopharmacology", "publication_date": "2003-09-30", "publication_year": 2003, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(03)92355-8", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(03)92355-8", "keywords": "rs4680, Oxycodone, Catechol-O-methyl transferase, Opioid, Psychology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Internal medicine, Receptor, Genotype, Chemistry, Gene, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Treatment of Major Depression", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:06", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051778190\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2051778190\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":1,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5015252123\",\"display_name\":\"Ulrike Grimberg\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5023168598\",\"display_name\":\"Martin Benz\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S168041952\",\"source_display_name\":\"European Neuropsychopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(03)92355-8\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2051778190" }, { "id": 5646, "title": "The influence of psilocin and phenylethylamine on the energy metabolism in the rat heart", "normalized_title": "the influence of psilocin and phenylethylamine on the energy metabolism in the rat heart", "authors": "Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska, Krzysztof Safranow, Krzysztof Borowiak, Sławomir Majdanik, Violetta Dziedziejko, Monika Białecka, Dariusz Chlubek", "abstract": "", "journal": "Acta Toxicologica", "publication_date": "2002-12-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-8e3dbd92-615e-497e-af12-c98c681b8b63", "keywords": "Energy metabolism, Chemistry, Metabolism, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Diet and metabolism studies, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W871283064\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W871283064\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032316718\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-4730\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5026979519\",\"display_name\":\"Krzysztof Safranow\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-2758\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045834766\",\"display_name\":\"Krzysztof Borowiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2686\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055486011\",\"display_name\":\"Sławomir Majdanik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-1924\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5091589940\",\"display_name\":\"Violetta Dziedziejko\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-415X\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045901478\",\"display_name\":\"Monika Białecka\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-2224\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054955592\",\"display_name\":\"Dariusz Chlubek\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4497-4395\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4363606741\",\"source_display_name\":\"Acta Toxicologica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-8e3dbd92-615e-497e-af12-c98c681b8b63\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W871283064" }, { "id": 5645, "title": "Electrocardiographic examination of heart function in rats exposed to hallucinogens from Psilocybe mushrooms", "normalized_title": "electrocardiographic examination of heart function in rats exposed to hallucinogens from psilocybe mushrooms", "authors": "Krzysztof Borowiak, Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska, Leszek Domański, Sławomir Majdanik, Edward Dutkiewicz, K Safranow, Tomasz Janus, V Mikolajek", "abstract": "Introduction: It has been accepted that acute toxicity of psilocin is low and this substance does not create a serious health hazard. Few symptoms observed after intake of Psilocybe mushrooms were mostly limited to the Central Nervous System. Material and methods: In order to readdress the supposed low toxicity and relative safety of natural hallucinogens, we performed tests with 52 Wistar male rats, divided into four equal groups. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml of solution (psilocin, phenylethylamine, ethanol, saline), three times per week during 12 weeks period. Electrocardiograms were performed after two and eight weeks of the experiment in 32 randomly selected animals from each group and repeated before the autopsy after 12 weeks in all 52 animals. The ECG was recorded under low-dose ketamine anaesthesia, exactly one hour after injection, using an AsCard B-5 apparatus (50 mm/min, 20 mm/mV). Electrodes were placed on the extremities according to Einthoven and Goldberg and in the precardiac area according to Wilson. Heart rate (beats/min) and QRS complexes were analysed. Results and conclusions: Obtained data indicate that the repeated administration of psilocin in rats produces ECG abnormalities including tachycardia, ST segment alterations, and aberrant intraventricular conduction.", "journal": "Acta Toxicologica", "publication_date": "2002-12-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-d607ea49-70b5-4739-b280-7088af5d6e30", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Tachycardia, Saline, QRS complex, Heart rate, Medicine, Ketamine, Psilocybin, Anesthesia, Toxicity, Acute toxicity, Internal medicine, Pharmacology, Blood pressure, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:11", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1435711203\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1435711203\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":7,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5045834766\",\"display_name\":\"Krzysztof Borowiak\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2686\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5032316718\",\"display_name\":\"Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-4730\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5038074828\",\"display_name\":\"Leszek Domański\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-7821\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5055486011\",\"display_name\":\"Sławomir Majdanik\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-1924\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5073348579\",\"display_name\":\"Edward Dutkiewicz\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-3429\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075233304\",\"display_name\":\"K Safranow\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5028439569\",\"display_name\":\"Tomasz Janus\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-2196\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5068945998\",\"display_name\":\"V Mikolajek\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4363606741\",\"source_display_name\":\"Acta Toxicologica\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-d607ea49-70b5-4739-b280-7088af5d6e30\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Safety,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1435711203" }, { "id": 5427, "title": "A double-blind, placebo controlled study of the effect of the hallucinogenic 5-HT1A&2A agonist psilocybin on binocular rivalry rate and rhythmicity", "normalized_title": "a double blind placebo controlled study of the effect of the hallucinogenic 5 ht1a 2a agonist psilocybin on binocular rivalry rate and rhythmicity", "authors": "O. Carter, Shaun P. Collin, Felix Hasler, George Liu, Franz X. Vollenweider, John D. Pettigrew", "abstract": "", "journal": "Social Neuroscience", "publication_date": "2002-12-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:161618", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Agonist, Placebo, Rivalry, Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychiatry, Receptor, Internal medicine, Economics, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Macroeconomics, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W77944008\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W77944008\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5049486527\",\"display_name\":\"O. Carter\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5050275183\",\"display_name\":\"Shaun P. Collin\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-0771\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5079835073\",\"display_name\":\"Felix Hasler\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5065511965\",\"display_name\":\"George Liu\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5086283052\",\"display_name\":\"Franz X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-6164\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112819777\",\"display_name\":\"John D. Pettigrew\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S15765371\",\"source_display_name\":\"Social Neuroscience\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:161618\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W77944008" }, { "id": 2713, "title": "Effects of the 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on mismatch negativity generation and AX-continuous performance task: implications for the neuropharmacology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.", "normalized_title": "effects of the 5 ht2a agonist psilocybin on mismatch negativity generation and ax continuous performance task implications for the neuropharmacology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia", "authors": "Umbricht D, Vollenweider FX, Schmid L, Grübel C, Skrabo A, Huber T, Koller R.", "abstract": "Previously the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine was shown to disrupt generation of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) mismatch negativity (MMN) and the performance of an 'AX'-type continuous performance test (AX-CPT)--measures of auditory and visual context-dependent information processing--in a similar manner as observed in schizophrenia. This placebo-controlled study investigated effects of the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist psilocybin on the same measures in 18 healthy volunteers. Psilocybin administration induced significant performance deficits in the AX-CPT, but failed to reduce MMN generation significantly. These results indirectly support evidence that deficient MMN generation in schizophrenia may be a relatively distinct manifestation of deficient NMDAR functioning. In contrast, secondary pharmacological effects shared by NMDAR antagonists and the 5-HT(2A) agonist (ie disruption of glutamatergic neurotransmission) may be the mechanism underlying impairments in AX-CPT performance observed during both psilocybin and ketamine administration. Comparable deficits in schizophrenia may result from independent dysfunctions of 5-HT(2A) and NMDAR-related neurotransmission.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-12-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1300005", "pubmed_id": "12496954", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300005", "keywords": "Humans, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Electroencephalography, Orientation, Psychomotor Performance, Cognition Disorders, Schizophrenic Psychology, Evoked Potentials, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"12496954\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2047427656" }, { "id": 2714, "title": "Effects of ayahuasca on sensory and sensorimotor gating in humans as measured by P50 suppression and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, respectively.", "normalized_title": "effects of ayahuasca on sensory and sensorimotor gating in humans as measured by p50 suppression and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex respectively", "authors": "Riba J, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Barbanoj MJ.", "abstract": "RationaleAyahuasca, a South American psychotropic plant tea, combines the psychedelic agent and 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) with beta-carboline alkaloids showing monoamine oxidase-inhibiting properties. Current human research with psychedelics and entactogens has explored the possibility that drugs displaying agonist activity at the 5-HT(2A/2C) sites temporally disrupt inhibitory neural mechanisms thought to intervene in the normal filtering of information. Suppression of the P50 auditory evoked potential (AEP) and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) are considered operational measures of sensory (P50 suppression) and sensorimotor (PPI) gating. Contrary to findings in lower animals, unexpected increases in sensorimotor gating have been found in humans following the administration of the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin and the serotonin releaser 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). In addition, to our knowledge P50 suppression has not been assessed previously in humans following the administration of a 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of the acute administration of ayahuasca on P50 suppression and PPI in humans, in order to evaluate the drug's modulatory actions on these measures of sensory and sensorimotor gating.MethodsEighteen healthy volunteers with prior experience of psychedelic drug use participated in a clinical trial in which placebo or ayahuasca doses (0.6 mg and 0.85 mg DMT/kg body weight) were administered according to a double-blind, cross-over balanced design. P50 and startle reflex (pulse-alone and 60 ms, 120 ms, 240 ms and 2000 ms prepulse-to-pulse intervals) recordings were undertaken at 1.5 h and 2 h after drug intake, respectively.ResultsAyahuasca produced diverging effects on each of the two gating measures evaluated. Whereas significant dose-dependent reductions of P50 suppression were observed after ayahuasca, no significant effects were found on the startle response, its habituation rate, or on PPI at any of the prepulse-to-pulse intervals studied.ConclusionThe present findings indicate, at the doses tested, a decremental effect of ayahuasca on sensory gating, as measured by P50 suppression, and no distinct effects on sensorimotor gating, as measured by PPI.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-10-11", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1007/s00213-002-1237-5", "pubmed_id": "12474114", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-002-1237-5", "keywords": "Humans, Banisteriopsis, Plants, Medicinal, Psychotropic Drugs, Plant Extracts, Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Double-Blind Method, Sensory Thresholds, Psychomotor Performance, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Neural Inhibition, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Female, Male, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Reflex, Startle, Surveys and Questionnaires", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"12474114\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Observational Study,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2129582923" }, { "id": 2716, "title": "The pharmacology of psilocybin.", "normalized_title": "the pharmacology of psilocybin", "authors": "Passie T, Seifert J, Schneider U, Emrich HM.", "abstract": "Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is the major psychoactive alkaloid of some species of mushrooms distributed worldwide. These mushrooms represent a growing problem regarding hallucinogenic drug abuse. Despite its experimental medical use in the 1960s, only very few pharmacological data about psilocybin were known until recently. Because of its still growing capacity for abuse and the widely dispersed data this review presents all the available pharmacological data about psilocybin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-09-30", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1080/1355621021000005937", "pubmed_id": "14578010", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/1355621021000005937", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Mice, Agaricales, Substance-Related Disorders, Serotonin, Receptors, Presynaptic, Hallucinogens, Somatoform Disorders, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"14578010\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Clinical Trial,Review Article,Animal Study", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2720, "title": "5-HT2A receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the stimulus effects of hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "5 ht2a receptor stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the stimulus effects of hallucinogens", "authors": "Rabin RA, Regina M, Doat M, Winter JC.", "abstract": "The role of 5-HT2A-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the discriminative effects of hallucinogens was investigated in PC12 cells stably expressing the rat 5-HT2A receptor (PC12-5-HT2A cells). The hallucinogenic compounds, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), (-)2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (MDMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), all caused a concentration-dependent increase in the generation of [3H]inositol phosphates. The nonhallucinogenic compounds, 6-fluoro-N,N-diethyltryptamine (6-F-DET), lisuride and quipazine, also displayed significant efficacy in stimulating phosphoinositide hydrolysis, while 2-bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), which is not a hallucinogen, did not alter inositol phosphate generation. The beta-carbolines, harmaline and harmane, also did not alter phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Comparison of these results with previous drug discrimination studies indicated the apparent lack of correlation between the degree of substitution in LSD- and DOM-trained animals and efficacy in stimulating phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The present study indicates that 5-HT2A-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis does not appear to be the sole critical signaling mechanism involved in the discriminative effects of hallucinogens.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-04-30", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00720-1", "pubmed_id": "11900766", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00720-1", "keywords": "PC12 Cells, Animals, Rats, Phosphatidylinositols, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Hallucinogens, Hydrolysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11900766\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2038437906" }, { "id": 2722, "title": "Mismatch negativity predicts psychotic experiences induced by NMDA receptor antagonist in healthy volunteers.", "normalized_title": "mismatch negativity predicts psychotic experiences induced by nmda receptor antagonist in healthy volunteers", "authors": "Umbricht D, Koller R, Vollenweider FX, Schmid L.", "abstract": "BackgroundPrevious studies indicate that mismatch negativity (MMN)-a preattentive auditory event-related potential (ERP)-depends on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functioning. To explore if the strength of MMN generation reflects the functional condition of the NMDAR system in healthy volunteers, we analyzed correlations between MMN recorded before drug administration and subsequent responses to the NMDAR antagonist ketamine or the 5-HT2a agonist psilocybin.MethodsIn two separate studies, MMN was recorded to both frequency and duration deviants prior to administration of ketamine or psilocybin. Behavioral and subjective effects of ketamine and psilocybin were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the OAV Scale-a rating scale developed to measure altered states of consciousness. Correlations between ERP amplitudes (MMN, N1, and P2) and drug-induced effects were calculated in each study group and compared between them.ResultsSmaller MMN to both pitch and duration deviants was significantly correlated to stronger effects during ketamine, but not psilocybin administration. No significant correlations were observed for N1 and P2.ConclusionsSmaller MMN indicates a NMDAR system that is more vulnerable to disruption by the NMDAR antagonist ketamine. MMN generation appears to index the functional state of NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission even in subjects who do not demonstrate any psychopathology.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-02-28", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01242-2", "pubmed_id": "11904134", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01242-2", "keywords": "Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Ketamine, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Electroencephalography, Administration, Oral, Infusions, Intravenous, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Contingent Negative Variation, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Adult, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11904134\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1973927342" }, { "id": 2724, "title": "Possible mechanisms of panic attack and schizophrenia via APUD system.", "normalized_title": "possible mechanisms of panic attack and schizophrenia via apud system", "authors": "Fukuda K.", "abstract": "Psilocybin poisoning produces biphasic reactions composed of a schizophrenic phase and a panic attack-like phase. There is a time lag of several hours between phases, which may be considered an accumulation time in certain sites between the gut and the brain. So far as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) congeners are concerned, no sites are to be found except the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. It is postulated that argyrophil cells (AC) in the foregut, neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in the lung, and raphe nuclei (RN) in the brainstem axis are relevant to mental disorders. Schizophrenia might be due to the massive destruction of APUD cells, and the paroxysmal release of 5-HT with peptides and panneuroendocrine markers from NEB might be the cause of panic attack.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2002-01-31", "publication_year": 2002, "doi": "10.1054/mehy.2001.1473", "pubmed_id": "11812187", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1054/mehy.2001.1473", "keywords": "Raphe Nuclei, APUD Cells, Humans, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Panic Disorder, Schizophrenia, Models, Biological, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11812187\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Biomarkers", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2726, "title": "Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens.", "normalized_title": "brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens", "authors": "Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "This review focuses on recent brain imaging and behavioral studies of sensory gating functions, which assess similarities between the effects of classic hallucinogens (eg, psilocybin), dissociative anesthetics (eg, ketamine), and entactogens (eg, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in humans. Serotonergic hallucinogens and psychotomimetic anesthetics produce overlapping psychotic syndromes associated with a marked activation of the prefrontal cortex (hyperfrontality) and other overlapping changes in temporoparietal, striatal, and thalamic regions, suggesting that both classes of drugs act upon a common final pathway. Together with the observation that both hallucinogens and N-methyl-oaspartate (NMDA) antagonists disrupt sensory gating in rats by acting on 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 5-HT(2) receptors located in cortico-striato-thalamic circuitry these findings suggest that disruption of cortico-subcortical processing leading to sensory overload of the cortex is a communality of these psychoses. In contrast to hallucinogens, the entactogen MDMA produces an emotional state of positive mood, concomitant with an activation of prefrontolimbiclparalimbic structures and a deactivation of amygdala and thalamus.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2001-11-30", "publication_year": 2001, "doi": "10.31887/dcns.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider", "pubmed_id": "22033605", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"22033605\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Aging,Emotional Processing,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W22529605" }, { "id": 2727, "title": "A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses.", "normalized_title": "a systems model of altered consciousness integrating natural and drug induced psychoses", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Geyer MA.", "abstract": "Increasing evidence from neuroimaging and behavioral studies suggests that functional disturbances within cortico-striato-thalamic pathways are critical to psychotic symptom formation in drug-induced and possibly also naturally occurring psychoses. Recent basic and clinical research with psychotomimetic drugs, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, and the serotonin-2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor agonist, psilocybin, suggest that the hallucinogenic effects of these drugs arise, at least in part, from their common capacity to disrupt thalamo-cortical gating of external and internal information to the cortex. Deficient gating of sensory and cognitive information is thought to result in an overloading inundation of information and subsequent cognitive fragmentation and psychosis. Cross-species studies of homologues gating functions, such as prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, in animal and human models of psychosis corroborate this view and provide a translational testing mechanism for the exploration of novel pathophysiologic and therapeutic hypotheses relevant to psychotic disorders, such as the group of schizophrenias.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2001-10-31", "publication_year": 2001, "doi": "10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00646-3", "pubmed_id": "11750795", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00646-3", "keywords": "Brain, Neural Pathways, Animals, Humans, Consciousness Disorders, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Hallucinogens, Schizophrenia, Models, Neurological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11750795\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Aging", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5433, "title": "Effects of a Psychedelic, Tropical Tea, Ayahuasca, on the Electroencephalographic (EEG) Activity of the Human Brain during a Shamanistic Ritual", "normalized_title": "effects of a psychedelic tropical tea ayahuasca on the electroencephalographic eeg activity of the human brain during a shamanistic ritual", "authors": "Erik Hoffmann, Jan M. Keppel Hesselink, M. da Silveira Barbosa", "abstract": "Eight channels of EEG from 12 volunteers participating in a workshop in Brazil were recorded under field conditions before and after a shamanistic ritual in which the psychoactive tea, ayahuasca, was consumed. Following three doses of the tea, the subjects showed strong and statistically significant increases of both EEG alpha (8-13Hz) and theta (4-8Hz) mean amplitudes compared to baseline while beta (13-20Hz) amplitudes were unchanged. The strongest increases of alpha activity were observed in the occipital lobes while alpha was unchanged in the frontal lobes. Theta amplitudes, on the other hand, were significantly increased in both occipital and frontal areas. Our data do not support previous findings of cortical activation with decreased alpha and increased beta activity caused by psychedelics (e.g. LSD, mescaline, psilocybin). They rather point to a similarity between the altered states produced by ayahuasca and marihuana which also stimulates the brain to produce more alpha waves. We suggest that these findings of increased EEG alpha and theta activity after drinking ayahuasca reflect an altered state of consciousness. In this state the subjects reported increased awareness of their subconscious processes. This is an altered state comparable to, however more profound than, the meditative state. Our results suggest that ingesting Ayahuasca may provide individuals with increased access to subconscious processes and feelings while in a wakeful, relaxed state. Thus, Ayahuasca has the potential to become a potent tool in the process of psychotherapy.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2000-12-31", "publication_year": 2000, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://www.newbrainnewworld.com/?download=EEG-ayahuasca%20study.pdf", "keywords": "Ayahuasca, Electroencephalography, Subconscious, Psychology, Alpha (finance), Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Mescaline, Brain activity and meditation, Audiology, Consciousness, Neuroscience, Developmental psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Biology, Construct validity, Receptor, Psychometrics, Alternative medicine, Ecology, Pathology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2187837516\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2187837516\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":18,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W157739463\",\"https://openalex.org/W169045476\",\"https://openalex.org/W1620660557\",\"https://openalex.org/W2010322651\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014396964\",\"https://openalex.org/W2024698714\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027157675\",\"https://openalex.org/W2089363931\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092016283\",\"https://openalex.org/W2101808966\",\"https://openalex.org/W2137627975\",\"https://openalex.org/W2161617741\",\"https://openalex.org/W2242914737\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410418911\",\"https://openalex.org/W2982079589\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016965041\",\"display_name\":\"Erik Hoffmann\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022102579\",\"display_name\":\"Jan M. Keppel Hesselink\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0186-8050\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5019152668\",\"display_name\":\"M. da Silveira Barbosa\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"http://www.newbrainnewworld.com/?download=EEG-ayahuasca%20study.pdf\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2187837516" }, { "id": 2731, "title": "The effect of Psilocybe cubensis extract on hippocampal neurons in vitro.", "normalized_title": "the effect of psilocybe cubensis extract on hippocampal neurons in vitro", "authors": "Moldavan MG, Grodzinskaya AA, Solomko EF, Lomberh ML, Wasser SP, Storozhuk VM.", "abstract": "The action of P. cubensis mushroom extract, containing psilocybin (PCB) and psilocin, on spike activity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was studied in in vitro rat brain slices. In 38 (76%) out of 50 investigated neurons spike activity was decreased, in 2 (4%) cells it increased. There was no response 10 (20%) neurons. Application of the extract caused short burst firing in 12 (24%) neurons. All neurons showing inhibition during PCB-containing extract application, were also inhibited by serotonin (5-HT). Usually inhibitory reaction did not last over 4-5 min upon 3 min extract application and could be prolonged up to 10-43 min up on serotonin application. Part of neurons were inhibited by serotonin and did not react to extract application. Inhibitory reactions induced by extract application were blocked by ritanserin in half of the tested units and were induced due to activation of 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. The extract suppressed excitative spike reactions caused by application of L-glutamic acid. It is concluded, that application of PCB-containing extract in most cases reduced spike activity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and suppressed glutamate transmission.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2000-12-31", "publication_year": 2000, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "11962085", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/11962085", "keywords": "Hippocampus, Neurons, Animals, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Agaricales, Serotonin, Glutamic Acid, Hallucinogens, Synaptic Transmission, Action Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11962085\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W145928346" }, { "id": 2733, "title": "Effect of ring fluorination on the pharmacology of hallucinogenic tryptamines.", "normalized_title": "effect of ring fluorination on the pharmacology of hallucinogenic tryptamines", "authors": "Blair JB, Kurrasch-Orbaugh D, Marona-Lewicka D, Cumbay MG, Watts VJ, Barker EL, Nichols DE.", "abstract": "A series of fluorinated analogues of the hallucinogenic tryptamines N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-OH-DMT, psilocin), and 5-methoxy-DMT was synthesized to investigate possible explanations for the inactivity of 6-fluoro-DET as a hallucinogen and to determine the effects of fluorination on the molecular recognition and activation of these compounds at serotonin receptor subtypes. The target compounds were evaluated using in vivo behavioral assays for hallucinogen-like and 5-HT(1A) agonist activity and in vitro radioligand competition assays for their affinity at 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2C), and 5-HT(1A) receptor sites. Functional activity at the 5-HT(2A) receptor was determined for all compounds. In addition, for some compounds functional activity was determined at the 5-HT(1A) receptor. Hallucinogen-like activity, evaluated in the two-lever drug discrimination paradigm using LSD-trained rats, was attenuated or abolished for all of the fluorinated analogues. One of the tryptamines, 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT (6), displayed high 5-HT(1A) agonist activity, with potency greater than that of the 5-HT(1A) agonist 8-OH-DPAT. The ED(50) of 6 in the two-lever drug discrimination paradigm using rats trained to discriminate the 5-HT(1A) agonist LY293284 was 0.17 micromol/kg, and the K(i) at [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT-labeled 5-HT(1A) receptors was 0.23 nM. The results indicate that fluorination of hallucinogenic tryptamines generally has little effect on 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor affinity or intrinsic activity. Affinity at the 5-HT(1A) receptor was reduced, however, in all but one example, and all of the compounds tested were full agonists but with reduced functional potency at this serotonin receptor subtype. The one notable exception was 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT (6), which had markedly enhanced 5-HT(1A) receptor affinity and functional potency. Although it is generally considered that hallucinogenic activity results from 5-HT(2A) receptor activation, the present results suggest a possible role for involvement of the 5-HT(1A) receptor with tryptamines.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2000-10-31", "publication_year": 2000, "doi": "10.1021/jm000339w", "pubmed_id": "11101361", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jm000339w", "keywords": "CHO Cells, 3T3 Cells, Animals, Humans, Mice, Rats, Fluorine, Tryptamines, Phosphatidylinositols, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Cyclic AMP, Hallucinogens, Radioligand Assay, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Discrimination Learning, Binding, Competitive, Structure-Activity Relationship, Hydrolysis, Cricetinae, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Colforsin", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11101361\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1972426098" }, { "id": 2734, "title": "Hallucinogenic drugs attenuate the subjective response to alcohol in humans.", "normalized_title": "hallucinogenic drugs attenuate the subjective response to alcohol in humans", "authors": "Barrett SP, Archambault J, Engelberg MJ, Pihl RO.", "abstract": "This study investigated possible interactions between alcohol and hallucinogens in 22 lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and/or psilocybin users through retrospective structured interviews. Of those who had used LSD with alcohol, 86;7 per cent reported a complete blockade of subjective alcohol effects, while the remaining cases reported a diminished response. In addition, 60 per cent of respondents who had used alcohol and psilocybin together reported a partial antagonism of subjective alcohol effects.T-test analyses revealed that LSD's antagonism of alcohol effects were significantly greater than those associated with psilocybin. It is proposed that LSD's effect on alcohol intoxication may involve interactions with various serotonergic and/or dopaminergic receptor systems. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2000-09-30", "publication_year": 2000, "doi": "10.1002/1099-1077(200010)15:7<559::aid-hup230>3.0.co;2-j", "pubmed_id": "12404626", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1077(200010)15:7<559::aid-hup230>3.0.co;2-j", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"12404626\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2005015693" }, { "id": 2738, "title": "Bufotenine: toward an understanding of possible psychoactive mechanisms.", "normalized_title": "bufotenine toward an understanding of possible psychoactive mechanisms", "authors": "McBride MC.", "abstract": "A review of the neuropharmacology of the alleged hallucinogen bufotenine is presented, including recent experimental results showing activity similar to LSD and other known hallucinogens (psilocin and 5-MeO-DMT) at the purported hallucinogenic serotonin (5-HT) receptors, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C. In addition, current reports of computer modeling of the receptors and ligand binding sites give evidence of bufotenine's ability to bind and activate these receptors. While binding and activation of the purported hallucinogenic receptors are not the full extent of the hallucinogenic signature, this evidence shows support for the rationale that the reported lack of the drug's classic hallucinogenic response in human experiments is due to poor ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), not lack of activation of the appropriate brain receptors. Further evidence is reviewed that in some physiological states, some drugs with characteristics similar to bufotenine which do not normally cross the BBB, cross it and enter the brain. While direct human experimental evidence of bufotenine's hallucinogenic activity seems lacking, the above combined factors are considered, and possible explanations of bufotenine's reported psychoactivity are suggested. Additionally, updated experimental models testing the possible nature of bufotenine's hallucinogenic potential are proposed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "2000-06-30", "publication_year": 2000, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2000.10400456", "pubmed_id": "11061684", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2000.10400456", "keywords": "Blood-Brain Barrier, Humans, Serotonin, Bufotenin, Receptors, Serotonin, Psychotropic Drugs", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"11061684\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5437, "title": "177. NMDA and 5-HT2A receptor dysfunction in working memory deficits in schizophrenia", "normalized_title": "177 nmda and 5 ht2a receptor dysfunction in working memory deficits in schizophrenia", "authors": "Daniel Umbricht, F.X. Vollenweider, L. Schmid, R. Koller", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biological Psychiatry", "publication_date": "2000-03-31", "publication_year": 2000, "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00439-x", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00439-x", "keywords": "NMDA receptor, Psilocybin, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Psychology, Context (archaeology), Working memory, Ketamine, Neuroscience, Placebo, Agonist, Interstimulus interval, Hallucinogen, Stimulation, Medicine, Cognition, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Receptor, Paleontology, Biology, Pathology, Alternative medicine, Diet and metabolism studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2104342516\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2104342516\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5052734672\",\"display_name\":\"Daniel Umbricht\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-2157\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063133386\",\"display_name\":\"F.X. Vollenweider\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044990123\",\"display_name\":\"L. Schmid\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-8413\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5022877230\",\"display_name\":\"R. Koller\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S205482884\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biological Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00439-x\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2104342516" }, { "id": 5442, "title": "Neurotropic Effect of Extracts from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. (Agaricomycetideae). In Vitro Studies", "normalized_title": "neurotropic effect of extracts from the hallucinogenic mushroom psilocybe cubensis earle sing agaricomycetideae in vitro studies", "authors": "M. G. Moldavan, Elvira F. Solomko, Anna A. Grodzínskaya, V. М. Storozhuk, Margarita Lomberg", "abstract": "The neurotropic effect of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing, dried biomass and fruiting bodies containing the indole hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocine on spike activity of pyramidal neurons from the rat hippocampal CAl region slices has been studied. Extracellularly responses of 50 neurons were recorded, 34 during the application of biomass extract (BME) and 16 during the application of fruiting body extract (FBE). Of the total number of cells studied, the inhibition resulting from BME and FBE application was observed in 73.5% and 81% of cells, respectively. Inhibition parameters during the BME and FBE application were (in seconds) as follows: latency 59 ± 7 and 67 ± 8 and duration 251 ± 26 and 273 ± 37, respectively. Only 5.9% of neurons showed excitation resulting from BME application and no excitative response was observed during FBE application. During the BME and FBE application a short burst occurred in 29% and 12.5% of neurons, respectively. Ritancerin (antagonist of 5-HT2/5-HT1C serotonin receptors) blocked inhibitory responses resulting from BME and FBE application in half of the units tested. The duration of response to serotonin could reach 10−43 min whereas the response to extract application usually did not exceed 4−5 min. Extract application inhibited excitation spike responses resulting from L-glutamic acid application. Results that have been obtained show that the application of psilocybin-containing extracts from mushroom fruiting bodies and biomass causes a similar inhibition pattern of spike activity in pyramidal neurons from the hippocampal CA1 region and inhibits excitation of these neurons caused by L-glutamic acid.", "journal": "International journal of medicinal mushrooms", "publication_date": "1999-12-31", "publication_year": 1999, "doi": "10.1615/intjmedmushr.v2.i4.130", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v2.i4.130", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Chemistry, Hippocampal formation, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Biology, Neuroscience, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2006297964\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2006297964\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":10,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":3,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089066877\",\"display_name\":\"M. G. Moldavan\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-0325\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5059384602\",\"display_name\":\"Elvira F. Solomko\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5063993579\",\"display_name\":\"Anna A. Grodzínskaya\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-8695\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5069882692\",\"display_name\":\"V. М. Storozhuk\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0801\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061876356\",\"display_name\":\"Margarita Lomberg\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-7850\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S79925788\",\"source_display_name\":\"International journal of medicinal mushrooms\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v2.i4.130\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2006297964" }, { "id": 2745, "title": "Further studies on oxygenated tryptamines with LSD-like activity incorporating a chiral pyrrolidine moiety into the side chain.", "normalized_title": "further studies on oxygenated tryptamines with lsd like activity incorporating a chiral pyrrolidine moiety into the side chain", "authors": "Gerasimov M, Marona-Lewicka D, Kurrasch-Orbaugh DM, Qandil AM, Nichols DE.", "abstract": "The enantiomers of 3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-5-methoxyindole, 1, and 3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydoxyindole, 3, were prepared using an asymmetric synthesis that employed (+)- or (-)-proline. A new approach was developed that had certain advantages over the synthesis originally reported for the isomers of 1. (+/-)-3-(N-Methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-hydroxyindole, 5, was also prepared as a rigid analogue of psilocin and compared with its 5-methoxy counterpart 4. Radioligand competition assays were used to assess the affinity of compounds for the 5-HT(2A) receptor labeled with the agonist ligand [(125)I]DOI and the antagonist ligand [(3)H]MDL100907. Two-lever drug discrimination assays in rats trained to discriminate either LSD or DOI from saline were employed to assess the hallucinogen-like behavioral properties of these rigid tryptamine analogues. The receptor binding assay results clearly demonstrated a stereochemical preference for the R enantiomers that did not discriminate the position of the oxygen function. The receptor is 10-20-fold more selective for the R isomers. The affinities of the R enantiomers were virtually identical for both 1 and 3 at the agonist-labeled receptor, while racemic 4 and 5 had about one-tenth the affinity. The drug discrimination data in both LSD- and DOI-trained rats paralleled the binding data using [(125)I]DOI displacement. Both (R)-1 and (R)-3 are about equipotent, comparable to DOI in activity but about 10-fold less potent than LSD. Compound 4 produced only partial substitution, even at a dose nearly 5-fold higher than for (R)-1. Based on conformational energies, it seems doubtful that these compounds bind to the 5-HT(2A) receptor in an ergoline-like conformation. The results also suggest that both 1 and 3 would possess LSD-like psychopharmacology in humans.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1999-09-30", "publication_year": 1999, "doi": "10.1021/jm990325u", "pubmed_id": "10514296", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jm990325u", "keywords": "Frontal Lobe, Animals, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Tryptamines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Pyrrolidines, Indoles, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Radioligand Assay, Discrimination Learning, Binding, Competitive, Structure-Activity Relationship, Stereoisomerism, Male, In Vitro Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"10514296\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2080691073" }, { "id": 2750, "title": "5-HT modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin-induced psychosis in man--a PET study with [11C]raclopride.", "normalized_title": "5 ht modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin induced psychosis in man a pet study with 11c raclopride", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Vontobel P, Hell D, Leenders KL.", "abstract": "The modulating effects of serotonin on dopamine neurotransmission are not well understood, particularly in acute psychotic states. Positron emission tomography was used to examine the effect of psilocybin on the in vivo binding of [11C]raclopride to D2-dopamine receptors in the striatum in healthy volunteers after placebo and a psychotomimetic dose of psilocybin (n = 7). Psilocybin is a potent indoleamine hallucinogen and a mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Psilocybin administration (0.25 mg/kg p.o.) produced changes in mood, disturbances in thinking, illusions, elementary and complex visual hallucinations and impaired ego-functioning. Psilocybin significantly decreased [11C]raclopride receptor binding potential (BP) bilaterally in the caudate nucleus (19%) and putamen (20%) consistent with an increase in endogenous dopamine. Changes in [11C]raclopride BP in the ventral striatum correlated with depersonalization associated with euphoria. Together with previous reports of 5-HT receptor involvement in striatal dopamine release, it is concluded that stimulation of both 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors may be important for the modulation of striatal dopamine release in acute psychoses. The present results indirectly support the hypothesis of a serotonin-dopamine dysbalance in schizophrenia and suggest that psilocybin is a valuable tool in the analysis of serotonin-dopamine interactions in acute psychotic states.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1999-04-30", "publication_year": 1999, "doi": "10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00108-0", "pubmed_id": "10192823", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00108-0", "keywords": "Basal Ganglia, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Raclopride, Salicylamides, Dopamine, Serotonin, Dopamine Antagonists, Antipsychotic Agents, Hallucinogens, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Psychometrics, Adult, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"10192823\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1986425243" }, { "id": 5446, "title": "Recommended Methods for the Detection and Assay of Lysergide (LSD), Phencyclidine (PCP), Psilocybin and Methaqualone in biological Specimens (multiauthored manual)", "normalized_title": "recommended methods for the detection and assay of lysergide lsd phencyclidine pcp psilocybin and methaqualone in biological specimens multiauthored manual", "authors": "Franco Tagliaro", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1998-12-31", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://iris.univr.it/handle/11562/302309", "keywords": "Methaqualone, Phencyclidine, Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Psychology, Medicine, Internal medicine, NMDA receptor, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2613473023\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2613473023\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5044408743\",\"display_name\":\"Franco Tagliaro\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-9128\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":null,\"source_display_name\":null,\"landing_page_url\":\"https://iris.univr.it/handle/11562/302309\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2613473023" }, { "id": 2753, "title": "Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induces schizophrenia like psychosis in humans via a serotonin 2 agonist action", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen MF, Bäbler A, Vogel H, Hell D.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, an indoleamine hallucinogen, produces a psychosis-like syndrome in humans that resembles first episodes of schizophrenia. In healthy human volunteers, the psychotomimetic effects of psilocybin were blocked dose-dependently by the serotonin-2A antagonist ketanserin or the atypical antipsychotic risperidone, but were increased by the dopamine antagonist and typical antipsychotic haloperidol. These data are consistent with animal studies and provide the first evidence in humans that psilocybin-induced psychosis is due to serotonin-2A receptor activation, independently of dopamine stimulation. Thus, serotonin-2A overactivity may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and serotonin-2A antagonism may contribute to therapeutic effects of antipsychotics.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1998-11-30", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": "10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024", "pubmed_id": "9875725", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024", "keywords": "Humans, Ketanserin, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Analysis of Variance, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Neuropsychological Tests, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Reference Values, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9875725\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1997058647" }, { "id": 5448, "title": "529 The hallucinogen psilocybin increases prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in healthy humans", "normalized_title": "529 the hallucinogen psilocybin increases prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in healthy humans", "authors": "Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Karsten Heekeren, B. Thelen, Hiltrud Lindenblatt, K.-A. Kovar, H. Sass, M.A. Geyer", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Journal of Psychophysiology", "publication_date": "1998-08-31", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": "10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90528-1", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90528-1", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Mescaline, Prepulse inhibition, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tryptamine, Psychology, Serotonin, Neuroscience, Lysergic acid, Monoaminergic, 5-HT2A receptor, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), 5-HT receptor, Chemistry, Psychiatry, Receptor, Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1992608127\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1992608127\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033767146\",\"display_name\":\"Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-4578\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061860701\",\"display_name\":\"Karsten Heekeren\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5074725807\",\"display_name\":\"B. Thelen\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5029869124\",\"display_name\":\"Hiltrud Lindenblatt\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110061565\",\"display_name\":\"K.-A. Kovar\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":null,\"display_name\":\"H. Sass\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5056398108\",\"display_name\":\"M.A. Geyer\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S129135363\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Psychophysiology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90528-1\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1992608127" }, { "id": 2759, "title": "Advances and pathophysiological models of hallucinogenic drug actions in humans: a preamble to schizophrenia research.", "normalized_title": "advances and pathophysiological models of hallucinogenic drug actions in humans a preamble to schizophrenia research", "authors": "Vollenweider FX.", "abstract": "Recent research into the pharmacological mechanism of hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin) and dissociative anesthetics (PCP, ketamine) suggest that multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in drug-induced and possibly also in naturally occurring psychoses. Specifically, animal models suggest that a dysbalance between serotonin, glutamate, and dopamine in the limbic cortico-striato-thalamic circuitry may be critical to psychotic symptom formation. To test this hypothesis, psychometric measures and metabolic PET investigations were performed (1) with FDG to elucidate the common neuronal substrates of different hallucinogens, (2) with specific receptor ligands before and after pretreatment with specific receptor antagonists to explore the putative interactions of hallucinogens with various neurotransmitter systems. Our data demonstrate that the neuronal substrate of normal and abnormal thought and behavior is associated with a distributed neuronal network and with multiple interactive neurotransmitter systems. The data also support the view that the hallucinogen challenge paradigm constitutes a powerful tool for elucidating the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1998-06-30", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": "10.1055/s-2007-979353", "pubmed_id": "9754840", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-979353", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Dopamine, Serotonin, Ketamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Glutamic Acid, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Hallucinogens, Consciousness, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9754840\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2091, "title": "11C-radiolabeling of hallucinogenic psilocin, a potential radioligand for studying the role of serotonin receptors in psychotic symptom formation", "normalized_title": "11c radiolabeling of hallucinogenic psilocin a potential radioligand for studying the role of serotonin receptors in psychotic symptom formation", "authors": "Ametamey S., Vollenweider F. X., Patt J., Bourquin D., Hasler F., Beer H.-F., Schubiger P. A.", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals", "publication_date": "1998-06-30", "publication_year": 1998, "doi": "10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199807)41:7<585::aid-jlcr115>3.0.co;2-u", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199807)41:7<585::aid-jlcr115>3.0.co;2-u", "keywords": "", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Crossref", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:21:33", "raw_json": "{\"doi\":\"10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199807)41:7<585::aid-jlcr115>3.0.co;2-u\",\"reference_dois\":[\"10.1002/hlca.19590420518\",\"10.1016/s0893-133x(96)00246-1\",\"10.1007/bf01244654\",\"10.1038/npp.1993.32\",\"10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820220066007\",\"10.1016/0006-3223(86)90332-x\",\"10.1016/0006-2952(62)90050-3\",\"10.1016/0006-2952(61)90124-1\",\"10.1016/0041-008x(62)90102-3\",\"10.1016/s0031-6865(97)00014-9\",\"10.1523/jneurosci.09-10-03482.1989\",\"10.1002/ardp.19883210812\",\"10.1016/s0969-8051(96)00181-3\"],\"reference_count\":18}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2089982466" }, { "id": 2764, "title": "Positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose studies of metabolic hyperfrontality and psychopathology in the psilocybin model of psychosis.", "normalized_title": "positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose studies of metabolic hyperfrontality and psychopathology in the psilocybin model of psychosis", "authors": "Vollenweider FX, Leenders KL, Scharfetter C, Maguire P, Stadelmann O, Angst J.", "abstract": "The effects of the indolehallucinogen psilocybin, a mixed 5-HT2 and 5-HT1 agonist, on regional cerebral glucose metabolism were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers with PET and [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) prior to and following a 15- or 20-mg dose of psilocybin. Psychotomimetic doses of psilocybin were found to produce a global increase in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglu) with significant and most marked increases in the frontomedial and frontolateral cortex (24.3%), anterior cingulate (24.9%), and temporomedial cortex (25.3%). Somewhat smaller increases of CMRglu were found in the basal ganglia (18.5%), and the smallest increases were found in the sensorimotor (14.7%) and occipital cortex (14.4%). The increases of CMRglu in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, temporomedial cortex, and putamen correlated positively with psychotic symptom formation, in particular with hallucinatory ego disintegration. The present data suggest that excessive 5-HT2 receptor activation results in a hyperfrontal metablic pattern that parallels comparable metabolic findings associated with acute psychotic episodes in chronic schizophrenics and contrasts with the hypofrontality in chronic schizophrenic patients.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1997-04-30", "publication_year": 1997, "doi": "10.1016/s0893-133x(96)00246-1", "pubmed_id": "9109107", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(96)00246-1", "keywords": "Brain, Basal Ganglia, Frontal Lobe, Animals, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Radioactive Tracers, Deoxyglucose, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Hallucinogens, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Psychological Tests, Adult, Female, Male, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:06", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"9109107\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Healthy Volunteers", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2048509938" }, { "id": 2765, "title": "Contribution of a helix 5 locus to selectivity of hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic ligands for the human 5-hydroxytryptamine2A and 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors: direct and indirect effects on ligand affinity mediated by the same locus.", "normalized_title": "contribution of a helix 5 locus to selectivity of hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic ligands for the human 5 hydroxytryptamine2a and 5 hydroxytryptamine2c receptors direct and indirect effects on ligand affinity mediated by the same locus", "authors": "Almaula N, Ebersole BJ, Ballesteros JA, Weinstein H, Sealfon SC.", "abstract": "An important determinant of the neurobehavioral responses induced by a drug is its relative receptor selectivity. The molecular basis of ligand selectivity of hallucinogenic and nonhallucinogenic compounds of varying structural classes for the human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptors was investigated with the use of reciprocal site-directed mutagenesis. Because these two closely related receptor subtypes differ in the amino acid present at position 5.46 (residues 242 and 222 in the sequences, respectively), the effects of corresponding substitutions in the 5-HT2A[S5.46(242)-->A] and 5-HT2C[A5.46(222)-->S] receptors were studied in tandem. By studying both receptors, the direct and indirect effects of mutations on affinity and selectivity can be distinguished. The ergolines studied, mesulergine (selective for the 5-HT2C receptor) and d-lysergic acid diethylamide (selective for the 5-HT2A receptor), reversed their relative affinity with mutations in each receptor, supporting a direct role of this locus in the selectivity of these ligands. However, interchange mutations in either receptor led to decreased or unchanged affinity for (+/-)-1-)(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane and ketanserin, which have higher affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor, consistent with little contribution of this locus to the selectivity of these ligands. The indoleamines studied were affected differently by mutations in each receptor, suggesting that they bind differently to the two receptor subtypes. Mutation of this locus in the 5-HT2A receptor decreased the affinity of all indoleamines, whereas the interchange mutation of the 5-HT2C receptor did not affect indoleamine affinity. These results are consistent with a direct interaction between this side chain and indoleamines for the 5-HT2A receptor but not for the 5-HT2C receptor. Furthermore, this analysis shows that the higher affinity of 5-HT and tryptamine for the 5-HT2C receptor than for the 5-HT2A receptors is not due to the difference at this locus. The hallucinogens studied [d-lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocin, bufotenin, and (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane] fell into different classes in this analysis. For the classes of ligand studied, the side-chain difference at this position directly determines relative ligand selectivity only for ergolines and may contribute to the specific effects of hallucinogens in this class.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1996-06-30", "publication_year": 1996, "doi": "10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09149-7", "pubmed_id": "8700116", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09149-7", "keywords": "Cell Line, Animals, Humans, Rats, Ergolines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Ketanserin, Phosphatidylinositols, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Recombinant Proteins, Hallucinogens, Ligands, Transfection, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Binding Sites, Binding, Competitive, Amino Acid Sequence, Protein Structure, Secondary, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics, Point Mutation, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Chlorocebus aethiops", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"8700116\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2767, "title": "Serotonin, psilocybin, and body dysmorphic disorder: a case report.", "normalized_title": "serotonin psilocybin and body dysmorphic disorder a case report", "authors": "Hanes KR.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1996-03-31", "publication_year": 1996, "doi": "10.1097/00004714-199604000-00011", "pubmed_id": "8690834", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199604000-00011", "keywords": "Humans, Serotonin, Fluoxetine, Serotonin Agents, Body Image, Perceptual Distortion, Anxiety Disorders, Adult, Male, Psilocybin, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"8690834\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Case Report", "study_type": "Case Report", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2776, "title": "[Neuroleptics and serotonin].", "normalized_title": "neuroleptics and serotonin", "authors": "Hery F, Hamon M.", "abstract": "To date, there is no doubt that dopamine plays a key role in the behavioural disorders associated with schizophrenia. However, dopamine is not the only neurotransmitter involved in this syndrome, as it interacts with many neuronal systems in brain. Of special interest is the interaction between dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems with evidence from pharmacological data in animals that each of these systems may exert an inhibitory influence on the other. Furthermore, the psychotomimetic effects of drugs affecting serotoninergic neurotransmission such as LSD, psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine also contributed to draw attention onto a possible involvement of serotoninergic systems in at least some of the disorders typical of schizophrenia. This idea received strong support from recent studies on the multiple receptors for serotonin in the central nervous system. These studies not only demonstrate the existence of several classes of serotonin receptors called 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4, but led also to the development of novel agonists and antagonists for the stimulation or blockade of each of them. Pharmacological investigations with these ligands revealed that serotonin is probably involved in the behavioural disorders associated with schizophrenia through its binding to three distinct classes of receptors: 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 (or the closely related class 5-HT1C) and 5-HT3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT250 WORDS)", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1993-08-31", "publication_year": 1993, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "7905821", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7905821", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced, Serotonin, Clozapine, Receptors, Dopamine, Receptors, Serotonin, Antipsychotic Agents, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Synaptic Transmission", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"7905821\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2401227374" }, { "id": 2779, "title": "Human hallucinogen interactions with drugs affecting serotonergic neurotransmission.", "normalized_title": "human hallucinogen interactions with drugs affecting serotonergic neurotransmission", "authors": "Strassman RJ.", "abstract": "The absence of relevant human research studies of hallucinogenic drugs has not curtailed their unsupervised use. Two cases are presented that suggest decreased sensitivity to the serotonergic hallucinogens psilocybin and LSD induced by drugs with effects on serotonergic neurotransmission, allopurinol and fluoxetine. These reports suggest that hallucinogens' effects in humans are mediated by serotonergic receptors.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1992-10-31", "publication_year": 1992, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "1388647", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1388647", "keywords": "Humans, Receptors, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Drug Interactions, Adult, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"1388647\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2397862430" }, { "id": 5463, "title": "Psilocin, psilocybin, serotonin and urea in Panaeolus cyanescens from various origin", "normalized_title": "psilocin psilocybin serotonin and urea in panaeolus cyanescens from various origin", "authors": "T. Stijve", "abstract": "The occurrence of tryptamine derivatives and urea in Panaeolus cyanescens, also known as Copelandia cyanescens, from Australia, Hawaii and Thailand was investigated. All 70 collections contained psilocin, serotonin and urea. Those from Hawaii were also relatively rich in psilocybin, whereas the species from Australia and Thailand were virtually exempt of this compound. Many collections also contained detectable amounts of precursors as tryptophan, tryptamine and baeocystin, but 5-hydroxytryptophan — widely encountered in many other Panaeoloideae — was found to be absent in all samples. The role of these 4- and 5-hydroxylated tryptamine derivatives in the metabolism of the fungus and their possible chemotaxonomic significance is briefly discussed. Volunteers ingesting samples of Panaeolus cyanescens reported a stronger psychotropic effect than that experienced with the same amount of Psilocybe semilanceata.", "journal": "The Digital Academic Repository of Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Naturalis Biodiversity Center)", "publication_date": "1991-12-31", "publication_year": 1991, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/532101", "keywords": "Tryptamine, Biology, Psilocybin, Urea, Tryptophan, Botany, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Hallucinogen, Amino acid, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:07", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1853409021\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1853409021\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":18,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"title:psilocin\",\"abstract:psilocin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2089283757\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5046107014\",\"display_name\":\"T. Stijve\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306401890\",\"source_display_name\":\"The Digital Academic Repository of Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Naturalis Biodiversity Center)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/532101\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1853409021" }, { "id": 2785, "title": "Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) administration selectively downregulates serotonin2 receptors in rat brain.", "normalized_title": "lysergic acid diethylamide lsd administration selectively downregulates serotonin2 receptors in rat brain", "authors": "Buckholtz NS, Zhou DF, Freedman DX, Potter WZ.", "abstract": "A dosage regimen of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) that reliably produces behavioral tolerance in rats was evaluated for effects on neurotransmitter receptor binding in rat brain using a variety of radioligands selective for amine receptor subtypes. Daily administration of LSD [130 micrograms/kg (0.27 mumol/kg) intraperitoneally (IP)] for 5 days produced a decrease in serotonin2 (5-hydroxytryptamine2, 5-HT2) binding in cortex (measured 24 hours after the last drug administration) but did not affect binding to other receptor systems (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, beta-adrenergic, alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenergic, D2-dopaminergic) or to a recognition site for 5-HT uptake. The decrease was evident within 3 days of LSD administration but was not demonstrable after the first LSD dose. Following 5 days of LSD administration the decrease was still present 48 hours, but not 96 hours, after the last administration. The indole hallucinogen psilocybin [1.0 mg/kg (3.5 mumol/kg) for 8 days] also produced a significant decrease in 5HT2 binding, but neither the nonhallucinogenic analog bromo-LSD [1.3 mg/kg (2.4 mumol/kg) for 5 days] nor mescaline [10 mg/kg (40.3 mumol/kg) for 5 or 10 days] affected 5-HT2 binding. These observations suggest that LSD and other indole hallucinogens may act as 5-HT2 agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. Decreased 5-HT2 binding strikingly parallels the development and loss of behavioral tolerance seen with repeated LSD administration, but the decreased binding per se cannot explain the gamut of behavioral tolerance and cross-tolerance phenomena among the indole and phenylethylamine hallucinogens.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1990-03-31", "publication_year": 1990, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "1969270", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1969270", "keywords": "Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Animals, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Ketanserin, Receptors, Serotonin, Radioligand Assay, Organ Specificity, Down-Regulation, Reference Values, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"1969270\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W159676469" }, { "id": 2792, "title": "Handling of psilocybin and psilocin by everted sacs of rat jejunum and colon.", "normalized_title": "handling of psilocybin and psilocin by everted sacs of rat jejunum and colon", "authors": "Eivindvik K, Rasmussen KE, Sund RB.", "abstract": "Psilocybin and psilocin at luminal concentrations of about 20 nmol/ml were incubated aerobically with everted sacs from rat jejunum and colon. When incubation was terminated, samples of the lumen and blood side solutions and of the intestinal tissue were analyzed for parent drug and metabolites by HPLC using a multidetector system. Both sacs caused hydrolysis of psilocybin to psilocin, but the rate was much faster in the jejunum than in the colon. Tissue uptake of intact psilocybin was negligible or absent, and no transfer to the contraside of the parent drug could be demonstrated. In contrast, psilocin, whether formed by hydrolysis or added as a substrate, was well taken up by both intestinal segments and transferred to the blood side. In the colonic psilocybin experiments, this uptake and transfer was limited by a low hydrolytic rate. The results indicate that psilocybin under in vivo conditions is absorbed predominantly as psilocin. No further metabolism of either drug was observed, as opposed to the complex metabolism pattern that has been reported for serotonin, a close chemical relative to psilocin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1988-12-31", "publication_year": 1988, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "2610906", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/2610906", "keywords": "Colon, Jejunum, Animals, Rats, Intestinal Absorption, In Vitro Techniques, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:05", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"2610906\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2407151076" }, { "id": 2790, "title": "Involvement of 5-HT receptor subtypes in the discriminative stimulus properties of mescaline.", "normalized_title": "involvement of 5 ht receptor subtypes in the discriminative stimulus properties of mescaline", "authors": "Appel JB, Callahan PM.", "abstract": "In order to further evaluate the extent to which particular 5-HT receptor subtypes (5-HT1, 5-HT2) might be involved in the behavioral effects of hallucinogenic drugs, rats were trained to discriminate mescaline (10 mg/kg i.p.) from saline and were given substitution (generalization) and combination (antagonism) tests with putatively selective serotonergic and related neuroactive compounds. The mescaline cue generalized to relatively high doses of the 5-HT2 agonists, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), LSD and psilocybin; the extent of generalization to 5-HT1 agonists (8-hydroxy-2-[diethylamino]tetralin (8-OHDPAT), RU-24969 and 8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino]tetralin (TFMPP] was unclear. Combinations of the training drug and sufficiently high doses of 5-HT2 antagonists (ketanserin, LY-53857, pirenperone) were followed by saline-lever responding; less selective central 5-HT (metergoline), and DA (SCH-23390, haloperidol) antagonists, did not block the mescaline cue. These data suggest that 5-HT2 receptors are involved in the stimulus properties of mescaline.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1988-12-31", "publication_year": 1988, "doi": "10.1016/0014-2999(89)90041-1", "pubmed_id": "2707301", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(89)90041-1", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats, Mescaline, Receptors, Serotonin, Dopamine Antagonists, Serotonin Antagonists, Discrimination Learning, Male, Discrimination, Psychological", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"2707301\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2042601718" }, { "id": 2796, "title": "Relief of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by LSD and psilocin.", "normalized_title": "relief of obsessive compulsive symptoms by lsd and psilocin", "authors": "Leonard HL, Rapoport JL.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1987-08-31", "publication_year": 1987, "doi": "10.1176/ajp.144.9.1239b", "pubmed_id": "3631327", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.9.1239b", "keywords": "Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Adolescent, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"3631327\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "OCD,Receptor Pharmacology,Adolescents", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2800, "title": "Relationship of CNS tryptaminergic processes and the action of LSD-like hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "relationship of cns tryptaminergic processes and the action of lsd like hallucinogens", "authors": "Martin WR, Sloan JW.", "abstract": "Tryptamine produces pharmacologic effects in man and the chronic spinal dog which are similar to those produced by LSD, mescaline, psilocin, DMT, DOM and DOB. These effects include tachycardia, tachypnea, mydriasis, hyperreflexia, behavioral changes and in man, hallucinations. Chronic spinal dogs treated chronically with LSD became tolerant to its ability to produce mydriasis, tachycardia, tachypnea and hyperreflexia, and were cross tolerant to the ability of tryptamine, psilocin, mescaline, DMT, DOM and DOB to produce these same effects. Further, it was found that the brain and spinal cord contained tryptamine and could release it. Further tryptamine levels were higher in the brainstem and spinal cord above the level of transection in the chronic spinal dog that in intact dogs, and the same in the spinal cord below the level of transection. These observations suggested that there were both ascending and descending tryptaminergic pathways. Supporting this hypothesis were the observations that L-tryptophan also produced hyperreflexia in the acute, but not the chronic, spinal dog and cat, and that L-tryptophan hyperreflexia was antagonized by alpha-methyldopa but not pCPA. These observations and others argue that the spinal cord and brain have tryptaminergic mechanisms which are distinct from serotoninergic mechanisms, and that LSD-like hallucinogens act in part through a tryptaminergic mechanism.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1986-01-31", "publication_year": 1986, "doi": "10.1016/0091-3057(86)90369-2", "pubmed_id": "3006088", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(86)90369-2", "keywords": "Central Nervous System, Animals, Dogs, Decerebrate State, Tryptamines, Phenethylamines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Hallucinogens, Reflex, Behavior, Animal, Synaptic Transmission, Brain Chemistry, Blood Pressure, Time Factors", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"3006088\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5485, "title": "Psilocybin in Mycelkulturen von Inocybe aeruginascens", "normalized_title": "psilocybin in mycelkulturen von inocybe aeruginascens", "authors": "Jochen Gartz", "abstract": "", "journal": "Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen", "publication_date": "1985-12-31", "publication_year": 1985, "doi": "10.1016/s0015-3796(86)80042-7", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(86)80042-7", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mycelium, Chemistry, Nutrient, Carbon source, Alkaloid, Botany, Biology, Biochemistry, Hallucinogen, Organic chemistry, Pharmacology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2043158882\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2043158882\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":7,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1242720541\",\"https://openalex.org/W1903260451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1975556413\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002488633\",\"https://openalex.org/W2003763220\",\"https://openalex.org/W2050577168\",\"https://openalex.org/W2067240620\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080507858\",\"https://openalex.org/W2102284364\",\"https://openalex.org/W2146719061\",\"https://openalex.org/W2241880286\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312491845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2321137868\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325470187\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585110642\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236173906\",\"https://openalex.org/W6681716405\",\"https://openalex.org/W6732776604\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003770233\",\"display_name\":\"Jochen Gartz\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S2898418416\",\"source_display_name\":\"Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(86)80042-7\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2043158882" }, { "id": 5488, "title": "The genus psilocybe", "normalized_title": "the genus psilocybe", "authors": "Richard Evans Schultes", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of Ethnopharmacology", "publication_date": "1984-04-30", "publication_year": 1984, "doi": "10.1016/0378-8741(84)90031-x", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90031-x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Ecstasy, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Cannabis, Addiction, Medicine, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Receptor, Internal medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Gothic Literature and Media Analysis, Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W232435412\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W232435412\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5016941251\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Evans Schultes\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S29564236\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Ethnopharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90031-x\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W232435412" }, { "id": 2807, "title": "Differential effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the activity of serotonin-containing neurons in the nucleus centralis superior and nucleus raphe pallidus in freely moving cats.", "normalized_title": "differential effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the activity of serotonin containing neurons in the nucleus centralis superior and nucleus raphe pallidus in freely moving cats", "authors": "Trulson ME, Preussler DW, Trulson VM.", "abstract": "Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that there are a number of important dissociations between the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons and behavior in freely moving cats. In the present study, we extended this analysis to serotonergic units in the nucleus centralis superior (NCS) and nucleus raphe pallidus (RPA). Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produced a dose-dependent decrease in NCS unit activity at 10, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg (i.p.) and a dose-dependent increase in certain behaviors (e.g., limb flicking and abortive grooming) and the peak behavioral and unit changes were temporally correlated. By contrast, LSD had little effect on serotonin-containing RPA neurons. 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) also produced a dose-dependent decrease in NCS unit activity at 10, 50 and 250 micrograms/kg (i.m.) and dose-dependent behavioral changes. Similar to our LSD data, 5-MeODMT was found to have no overall significant effect on RPA unit activity, except at the highest dose level. Psilocin produced dose-dependent decreases in NCS unit activity at 25, 100 and 750 micrograms/kg (i.p.), whereas the behavioral changes were not dose-related. Psilocin also had relatively little effect on the activity of RPA neurons. The phenylethylamine hallucinogens, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (50, 250 and 1000 micrograms/kg i.p.) (DOM) and mescaline (5000 micrograms/kg i.p.), both produced large behavioral changes, but no overall significant effect on raphe unit activity in either the NCS or RPA. These data suggest that ascending dorsal raphe and NCS neurons may be involved in the process of hallucinogenesis, whereas descending RPA neurons do not appear to be involved in this process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT250 WORDS)", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1983-12-31", "publication_year": 1983, "doi": "10.1016/s0022-3565(25)21616-0", "pubmed_id": "6694110", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)21616-0", "keywords": "Brain Stem, Raphe Nuclei, Neurons, Animals, Cats, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Membrane Potentials, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Time Factors, Female, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:14", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"6694110\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2813, "title": "Neurophysiological effects of hallucinogens on serotonergic neuronal systems.", "normalized_title": "neurophysiological effects of hallucinogens on serotonergic neuronal systems", "authors": "McCall RB.", "abstract": "Low intravenous doses of the hallucinogen d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) markedly suppress the discharge of serotonin (5-HT)-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat. Microiontophoretically applied LSD also inhibits the firing of 5-HT neurons, indicating that the inhibitory effect is mediated directing on 5-HT neurons. Forebrain neurons receiving a major serotonergic input are relatively insensitive to LSD. Other indole hallucinogens (i.e., psilocin, dimethyltryptamine, and 5-methoxydimethyltryptamine) also preferentially inhibit raphe firing as compared to postsynaptic forebrain neurons. These observations led to the hypothesis that hallucinogens produce their psychoactive effects by acting preferentially upon 5-HT autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe allowing postsynaptic neurons to escape from the tonic inhibitory action of 5-HT neurons. However, problems exist with the concept that hallucinogens produce their psychoactive effects by disinhibiting postsynaptic neurons. First, the time course of the behavioral and neuronal effects of LSD do not correlate. Second, 5-HT neurons do not become tolerant to the inhibitory actions of LSD. Third, the hallucinogen mescaline fails to directly inhibit 5-HT neurons. Finally, the nonhallucinogen lisuride markedly suppresses the discharges of 5-HT neurons. These observations suggest that postsynaptic actions of hallucinogens may be of prime importance in producing their psychedelic effects. Evidence is presented to suggest that the hallucinogens may act postsynaptically to sensitize both serotonergic and noradrenergic receptors. It is suggested that a mechanism of receptor sensitization, in distinction to disinhibition, might account for the altered perceptual reactivity produced by these drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1981-12-31", "publication_year": 1981, "doi": "10.1016/0149-7634(82)90033-1", "pubmed_id": "7177511", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(82)90033-1", "keywords": "Brain, Locus Coeruleus, Raphe Nuclei, Geniculate Bodies, Neurons, Motor Neurons, Animals, Cats, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Mescaline, Lisuride, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptors, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"7177511\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2819, "title": "Dissociations between the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on behavior and raphe unit activity in freely moving cats.", "normalized_title": "dissociations between the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on behavior and raphe unit activity in freely moving cats", "authors": "Trulson ME, Heym J, Jacobs BL.", "abstract": "The hypothesis that the action of hallucinogenic drugs is mediated by a depression of the activity of brain serotonergic (raphe) neurons was tested by examining the behavioral effects of several hallucinogenic drugs while concurrently monitoring the activity of raphe neurons in freely moving cats. LSD produced a dose-dependent decrease in raphe unit activity and a dose-dependent increase in certain behaviors (e.g. limb flick and abortive groom), and the peak of the behavioral and unit changes were temporally correlated. However, there were three important dissociations between the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of LSD. Firstly, low doses of LSD produced only small decreases in raphe unit activity but significant behavioral changes. Secondly, the duration of LSD-induced behavioral changes significantly outlasted the depression of raphe unit activity. And thirdly, raphe neurons were at least as responsive to LSD during tolerance as they were in the nontolerant condition. Psilocin produced a dose-dependent decrease in raphe unit activity, while the behavioral changes were not dose-related. However, the peak behavioral changes corresponded to the maximal depression of raphe unit activity. The phenylethylamine hallucinogens, DOM and mescaline, both produced large behavioral changes but no overall effect on raphe neurons. Following administration of DOM or mescaline, some raphe units showed a significant increase, while some showed a significant decrease, and others showed no change in activity. Therefore, the phenylethylamine hallucinogens may exert a depressant effect upon a subset of serotonin-containing neurons, and an amphetamine-like excitatory effect upon another subset of these neurons. Consistent with previous studies, all hallucinogens produced a high concentration of slow waves in the cortical EEG. Following administration of LSD or psilocin, the appearance of slow waves in the EEG was often associated with a transitory decrease in unit activity, while this was not observed for the phenylethylamine hallucinogens. The present data, in conjunction with recent data from other laboratories, suggest that the serotonin hypothesis of hallucinogenic drug action should be re-evaluated.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1981-05-31", "publication_year": 1981, "doi": "10.1016/0006-8993(81)90507-2", "pubmed_id": "6114779", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(81)90507-2", "keywords": "Brain Stem, Raphe Nuclei, Neurons, Animals, Cats, Amphetamines, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Behavior, Animal, Electric Conductivity, Kinetics, Female, Psilocybin, DOM2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"6114779\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Brain Imaging,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2821, "title": "Interaction of D-LSD with blood platelets of rabbits: shape change and specific binding.", "normalized_title": "interaction of d lsd with blood platelets of rabbits shape change and specific binding", "authors": "Laubscher A, Pletscher A, Noll H.", "abstract": "In blood platelets of rabbits, the shape change-inducing effect of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (D-LSD) has been compared with the D-LSD-binding. D-LSD, but not L-LSD, caused a shape change reaction (EC50 1.3 x 10(-9) M) which was inhibited by various 5-HT antagonists (methergoline and neuroleptic drugs), butaclamol showing marked stereospecificity. Strong inhibitors of 5 HT uptake were only weak in counteracting the D-LSD-induced shape change. Furthermore, D-[3H]LSD bound to platelets at a single saturable, high affinity, stereoselective site [Kd = (31.1 +/- 3.3) x 10(-9) M; Bmax = 28.9 +/- 2.7 fmols per 10(8) platelets]. This binding was strongly antagonized by D-LSD and methergoline and less by the hallucinogenic drugs, psilocin, bufotenin and N'N'-dimethyltryptamine. L-LSD an 5 HT, inhibitors of 5 HT uptake and neuroleptics, especially spiroperidol and butaclamol, had only a weak antagonistic effect. The latter showed stereospecificity. It is concluded that 1) the shape change reaction caused by D-LSD in platelets is mediated by the specific 5 HT-receptor, 2) the sites mediating the D-LSD-induced shape change reaction are not identical with those responsible for D-[3H]LSD-binding and both these sites are different from the 5 HT-transport sites and 3) with respect to D-LSD-binding sites, platelets and neurons are not exactly identical.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1981-01-31", "publication_year": 1981, "doi": "10.1016/s0022-3565(25)32431-6", "pubmed_id": "6109775", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)32431-6", "keywords": "Blood Platelets, Animals, Rabbits, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Metergoline, Receptors, Serotonin, Antipsychotic Agents, Kinetics", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"6109775\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2108, "title": "Comparison of solution conformational preferences for the hallucinogens bufotenin and psilocin using 360-MHz proton NMR spectroscopy.", "normalized_title": "comparison of solution conformational preferences for the hallucinogens bufotenin and psilocin using 360 mhz proton nmr spectroscopy", "authors": "Migliaccio GP, Shieh TL, Byrn SR, Hathaway BA, Nichols DE.", "abstract": "The 360-MHz 1H NMR spectra of bufotenin and psilocin were obtained, both as the free bases in CDCl3 and as protonated salts in D2O. Coupling constants for the side-chain methylenes were derived using the LAOCN3 program. These time-averaged coupling constants indicate that the trans and gauche rotamers of both compounds have about equal energy in D2O. There is a slight excess of the trans rotamer of bufotenin in CDCl3. For psilocin, in contrast, the gauche form is highly favored in CDCl3. The magnitude of this stabilization was estimated at about 1 kcal/mol using rotamer populations and free energy of transfer from published partitioning studies. It is suggested that this could result from a very weak hydrogen bond. On the other hand, the difference in partitioning between bufotenin and psilocin, which seems to be a major determinant of biological activity, is largely due to a difference in the basicity of the two compounds. The pKa values for the amino group of psilocin and bufotenin were determined to be 8.47 and 9.67, respectively.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1981-01-31", "publication_year": 1981, "doi": "10.1021/jm00134a016", "pubmed_id": "6259355", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00134a016", "keywords": "Protons, Serotonin, Bufotenin, Hallucinogens, Solutions, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Conformation, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"6259355\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2035605319" }, { "id": 2825, "title": "LDS-25 as a discriminative stimulus for response selection by pigeons.", "normalized_title": "lds 25 as a discriminative stimulus for response selection by pigeons", "authors": "Järbe TU.", "abstract": "Pigeons (N=4) were trained to discriminate between the effects induced by intramuscular (IM) injections of d-LSD and saline using a discrete-trial discrimination paradigm (choice between left and right hand key) in a conventional operant box. The solutions were administered IM15 min prior to the sessions. A FR15 schedule was in operation to produce food. Which of the two keys was correct on a given training session depended upon whether LSD or saline had been given. Three of the birds were trained and maintained with a dose of 40 microgram/kg of LSD and the fourth pigeon finally was maintained on 50 microgram/kg of LSD. The dose resulting in 50% LSD appropriate responding (ED50) was 18 microgram/kg and the median time-interval for the decay of the LSD stimulus (40 microgram/kg) was 84 min. Tests with psilocybin (ED50=0.55 mg/kg) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (ED50=5.7 mg/kg) resulted in responding appropriate for the LSD training condition. Mescaline injections above 10 mg/kg severely suppressed responding. The few responses emitted after tests with 15 and 20 mg/kg of mescaline were directed to the LSD associated key. Tests with BOL (0.1 to 3 mg/kg) as well as three other psychotropic drugs (delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, morphine and, pentobarbital) did not result in responding above 50%) LSD appropriate responses. As a possible antidote, methergoline, a pubetative antagonist of post-synaptic serotonin receptor sites, was administered 75 min prior to testing the cueing properties of LSD. No definitive role for a blocking effect of the LSD-cue is provided by the present data.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1980-09-30", "publication_year": 1980, "doi": "10.1016/0091-3057(80)90279-8", "pubmed_id": "6107936", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(80)90279-8", "keywords": "Animals, Columbidae, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Metergoline, Discrimination Learning, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"6107936\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1996267822" }, { "id": 2111, "title": "Psilocin, bufotenine and serotonin: historical and biosynthetic observations.", "normalized_title": "psilocin bufotenine and serotonin historical and biosynthetic observations", "authors": "Chilton WS, Bigwood J, Jensen RE.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1978-12-31", "publication_year": 1978, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.1979.10472093", "pubmed_id": "392119", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1979.10472093", "keywords": "Animals, Anura, Bufonidae, Mammals, Basidiomycota, Amanita, Serotonin, Bufotenin, Hydroxylation, Chemistry, Isomerism, History, Ancient, History, 17th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, United States, Brazil, Israel, China, Rome, Austria, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"392119\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2114442416" }, { "id": 2835, "title": "High-affinity 3H-serotonin binding to caudate: inhibition by hallucinogens and serotoninergic drugs.", "normalized_title": "high affinity 3h serotonin binding to caudate inhibition by hallucinogens and serotoninergic drugs", "authors": "Whitaker PM, Seeman P.", "abstract": "The specific binding of 3H-serotonin to calf caudate homogenate was studied. The dissociation constant was 2nM and the number of specific sites was 14fmoles/mg protein. Of many drugs tested, inhibition of specific 3H-serotonin binding occurred almost exclusively with serotonin agonists and antagonists. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of 3H-serotonin binding by serotonergic agonists follow: bufotenin, 6nM; 5-methoxytryptamine, 12 nM; psilocin, 35nM; dimethyltryptamine, 220 nM; and tryptamine, 270 nM. The concentrations for the antagonists were: LSD9.5 nM; methysergide 16nM and metergoline 25nM.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1978-08-31", "publication_year": 1978, "doi": "10.1007/bf00428022", "pubmed_id": "100806", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00428022", "keywords": "Brain, Caudate Nucleus, Membranes, Animals, Cattle, Serotonin, Receptors, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Kinetics, In Vitro Techniques", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"100806\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2837, "title": "Stimulation of rat prolactin secretion by indolealkylamine hallucinogens.", "normalized_title": "stimulation of rat prolactin secretion by indolealkylamine hallucinogens", "authors": "Meltzer HY, Fessler RG, Simonovic M, Fang VS.", "abstract": "The hallucinogenic indoleamine drugs N,N-dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT), psilocybin, bufotenin, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N-methyltryptamine, increased rat plasma prolactin (PRL) levels. The increase in plasma PRL produced by N,N-DMT, psilocybin, and bufotenin was inhibited by methysergide, a serotonin receptor blocker. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, significantly potentiated the increase in PRL produced by N,N-DMT, and psilocybin. Parachloroamphetamine, a relatively selective toxin for serotonin neurons, also stimulated the increase in PRL produced by N,N-DMT. These results suggest that the indole hallucinogens stimulate PRL secretion by a serotonergic agonist mechanism. Bufotenin has been reported to pass the blood-brain barrier poorly, but of the indoles studied it had the most potent effect on PRL secretion. This raises the possibility that the serotonin receptors which promote PRL secretion may be outside the blood-brain barrier or that the central 5-HT receptors which mediate PRL secretion may be especially responsive to bufotenin.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1978-03-31", "publication_year": 1978, "doi": "10.1007/bf00432847", "pubmed_id": "148665", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00432847", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Indoles, Prolactin, Fenclonine, Hallucinogens, Stimulation, Chemical, Time Factors, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"148665\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2024261524" }, { "id": 2841, "title": "Defining the histamine H2-receptor in brain: the interaction with LSD.", "normalized_title": "defining the histamine h2 receptor in brain the interaction with lsd", "authors": "Green JP, Weinstein H, Maayani S.", "abstract": "Two aspects of the complexities of the mode of action of drugs are described. One is the criteria and pitfalls of defining the interaction with specific receptors. The other is the need to consider each of the pharmacological effects of a drug as a concatenation of receptor events, because it has become clear that each drug may have substantial affinity for many specific receptors. Illustrating these ideas is a characterization of the histamine receptor linked to adenylate cyclase in brain. The activities of a series of H2-antagonists and H2-agaonists were shown to be the same on the histamine receptor linked to adenylate cyclase as on known H2-receptors. The KB values of antagonists and ED50 values of agonists were not distinguishable among these receptors. Notably, at high concentrations, the H1-antagonists are also competitive antagonists of the H2-receptor. Cyproheptadine has especially high affinity for the H2-receptor. It is the most potent H2-antagonist yet reported. Other published results are reviewed to show the variety of receptors that cyproheptadine has affinity for. Its affinity for serotonin receptors led us to examine other serotonin antagonists. On this H2-receptor linked to adenylate cyclase in homogenates of guinea pig hippocampus and cortex, D-LSD and D-2-bromo-LSD (BrLSD) were shown to be competitive antagonists of histamine. L-LSD, mescaline and psilocin were inactive. Noting congurency in the molecular structyre of D-LSD and known H2-antagonists, we predicted a new H2-antagonist. This prediction is shown to be correct: the compound has similar affinity to the H2-receptor as has LSD. The affinities of D-LSD and BrLSD for the H2-receptor are compared with their affinities for other receptors. The pharmacology of D-LSD and BrLSD is reviewed. Evidence is assembled that BrLSD has considerable central effects.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1977-12-31", "publication_year": 1977, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "30911", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30911", "keywords": "Brain, Animals, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Cyproheptadine, Receptors, Dopamine, Receptors, Histamine H1, Receptors, Histamine H2, Receptors, Serotonin, Receptors, Histamine, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Behavior, Structure-Activity Relationship, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, In Vitro Techniques, Adenylyl Cyclases", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"30911\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Review Article,In Vitro Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Review Article", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2406226550" }, { "id": 2842, "title": "Baeocystin in psilocybe, conocybe and panaeolus.", "normalized_title": "baeocystin in psilocybe conocybe and panaeolus", "authors": "Repke DB, Leslie DT, Guzmán G.", "abstract": "Sixty collections of ten species referred to three families of the Agaricales have been analyzed for the presence of baeocystin by thin-layer chromatography. Baeocystin was detected in collections of Psilocybe, Conocybe, and Panaeolus from the U.S.A., Canada, Mexico, and Peru. Laboratory cultivated fruitbodies of Psilocybe cubensis, P. semilanceata, and P. cyanescens were also studied. Intra-species variation in the presence of decay rate of baeocystin, psilocybin and psilocin are discussed in terms of age and storage factors. In addition, evidence is presented to support the presence of 4-hydroxytryptamine in collections of P. baeocystis and P. cyanescens. The possible significance of baeocystin and 4-hydroxytryptamine in the biosynthesis of psilocybin in these organisms is discussed.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1977-10-31", "publication_year": 1977, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "600026", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/600026", "keywords": "Agaricales, Serotonin, Indoles, Species Specificity, Canada, Mexico, United States, Peru, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"600026\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W199370843" }, { "id": 2843, "title": "Behavioral effects of LSD in the cat: proposal of an animal behavior model for studying the actions of hallucinogenic drugs.", "normalized_title": "behavioral effects of lsd in the cat proposal of an animal behavior model for studying the actions of hallucinogenic drugs", "authors": "Jacobs BL, Trulson ME, Stern WC.", "abstract": "In the course of examining the complete dose-response relationship for the behavioral effects of LSD in the cat, we discovered that, in addition to large increases in investigatory and hallucinatory-like responses, two behaviors, not previously reported, are emitted with a high probability under LSD. Beginning from a baseline of essentially zero in saline-treated animals, limb flicks and abortive grooming increase in frequency in direct relation to the dose of LSD administered (2.5, 10, 25 and 50 microgram/kg i.p.) and then decrease at higher doses (100 and 200 microgram/kg). Limb flicks are a species-specific behavior seen in normal cats almost exclusively in response to the presence of a foreign substance, such as water, on the hindpaw or forepaw. In abortive grooming, the cat orients to the body surfaces as if to groom but does not emit the consummatory grooming response (bite, lick or scratch), or emits the response in midair. These behaviors can serve as an animal behavior model for the actions of LSD and related hallucinogens in humans. The specificity of these behavioral changes is indicated by the fact that they are never seen in response to other classes of psychoactive drugs such as D-amphetamine, atropine, caffeine, and cholorpheniramine. They are, however, elicited by compounds such as psilocybin which are structurally and functionally related to LSD. The validity of the model is based on evidence indicating that it is: specific to hallucinogens, dose dependent, observed in a dose range effective in humans, parallels the major parameters of the actions of LSD in humans (see following paper), sensitive, robust, reliable, quantifiable and easy to score.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1977-07-31", "publication_year": 1977, "doi": "10.1016/0006-8993(77)90423-1", "pubmed_id": "19128", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90423-1", "keywords": "Animals, Cats, Dextroamphetamine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Methysergide, Serotonin Antagonists, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Grooming, Exploratory Behavior, Motor Activity, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Dronabinol", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"19128\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2155528285" }, { "id": 2844, "title": "Comparative effects of hallucinogenic drugs on rotational behavior in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions.", "normalized_title": "comparative effects of hallucinogenic drugs on rotational behavior in rats with unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesions", "authors": "Trulson ME, Stark AD, Jacobs BL.", "abstract": "The dopaminergic actions of various hallucinogenic drugs were assessed by examining their effects on turning behavior in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-striatal pathway. LSD (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) produced strong contralateral turning, indicating that it is a potent dopamine receptor agonist, while BOL (5 mg/kg), a non-hallucinogenic congener of LSD, was found to be a weak dopamine receptor agonist. STP (2 and 5 mg/kg) and mescaline (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced significant ipsilateral turning, indicating that these compounds have a moderate dopamine-releasing action. DMT (10 and 20 mg/kg) and 5-M-DMT (0.75 and 1.25 mg/kg) produced weak ipsilateral turning, which was not significantly different from that produced by the nonhallucinogenic compounds tryptamine (40 mg/kg) or scopolamine (0.25 mg/kg). Psilocin (1-20 mg/kg) produced no significant turning in either direction. These data, in conjunction with previous studies, indicate that while inactivation of the brain serotonin system may be a necessary and sufficient condition for hallucinogenesis, the ability to activate dopamine receptors may be an important factor in determining the potency of hallucinogens.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1977-06-30", "publication_year": 1977, "doi": "10.1016/0014-2999(77)90097-8", "pubmed_id": "560306", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(77)90097-8", "keywords": "Corpus Striatum, Animals, Humans, Rats, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Hydroxydopamines, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Stereotyped Behavior, Male", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"560306\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 5507, "title": "Electroencephalographic and behavioral effects of 4-phosphoryloxy N, N-dimethyltryptamine (psilocybin) on the New Zealand albino rabbit", "normalized_title": "electroencephalographic and behavioral effects of 4 phosphoryloxy n n dimethyltryptamine psilocybin on the new zealand albino rabbit", "authors": "James Edward Guest", "abstract": "This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.", "journal": "UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)", "publication_date": "1976-12-31", "publication_year": 1976, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10150/348103", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Medicine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W764129845\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W764129845\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W51306571\",\"https://openalex.org/W647825129\",\"https://openalex.org/W1965146355\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977351260\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977867620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1994878225\",\"https://openalex.org/W1997530403\",\"https://openalex.org/W2017145453\",\"https://openalex.org/W2032540534\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033195077\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040632840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077688688\",\"https://openalex.org/W2092674780\",\"https://openalex.org/W2115463644\",\"https://openalex.org/W2283502508\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324873529\",\"https://openalex.org/W2325546109\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327340604\",\"https://openalex.org/W2410085939\",\"https://openalex.org/W2413842568\",\"https://openalex.org/W2465353484\",\"https://openalex.org/W2909730914\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037406949\",\"display_name\":\"James Edward Guest\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306400271\",\"source_display_name\":\"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/348103\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W764129845" }, { "id": 2854, "title": "Interactions between lysergic acid diethylamide and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems in rat brain.", "normalized_title": "interactions between lysergic acid diethylamide and dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase systems in rat brain", "authors": "Hungen KV, Roberts S, Hill DF.", "abstract": "Investigations were carried out on the interactions of the hallucinogenic drug, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (D-LSD), and other serotonin antagonists with catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems in cell-free preparations from different regions of rat brain. In equimolar concentration, D-LSD, 2-brono-D-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), or methysergide (UML) strongly blocked maximal stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by either norepinephrine or dopamine in particulate preparations from cerebral cortices of young adult rats. D-LSD also eliminated the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity of equimolar concentrations of norepinephrine or dopamine in particulate preparations from rat hippocampus. The effects of this hallucinogenic agent on adenylate cyclase activity were most striking in particulate preparations from corpus striatum. Thus, in 10 muM concentration, D-LSD not only completely eradicated the response to 10 muM dopamine in these preparations but also consistently stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. L-LSD (80 muM) was without effect. Significant activation of striatal adenylate cyclase was produced by 0.1 muM D-LSD. Activation of striatal adenylate cyclase of either D-LSD or dopamine was strongly blocked by the dopamine-blocking agents trifluoperazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol. The stimulatory effects of D-LSD and dopamine were also inhibited by the serotonin-blocking agents, BOL, 1-methyl-D-lysergic acid diethylamide (MLD), and cyproheptadine, but not by the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent, propranolol. However, these serotonin antagonists by themselves were incapable of stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in the striatal preparations. Several other hallucinogens, which were structurally related to serotonin, were also inactive in this regard, e.g., mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, psilocin and bufotenine. Serotonin itself produced a small stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in striatal preparations and, in relatively high concentration (100 muM), partially blocked the activation by 10 muM dopamine, but was without effect on the stimulation by 10 muM D-LSD. The present results indicate that serotonin antagonists, in general, are potent inhibitors of catecholamine-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase systems in brain cell-free preparations. In addition, these results, coupled with earlier findings on the capacity of D-LSD to interact with serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems from rat brain23,24 and other neural systems16, strongly suggest that this hallucinogenic agent is capable of acting as an agonist at central dopamine and serotonin receptors, as well as functioning as an antagonist at dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin receptors in the brain.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1975-07-31", "publication_year": 1975, "doi": "10.1016/0006-8993(75)90876-8", "pubmed_id": "238721", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(75)90876-8", "keywords": "Brain, Hippocampus, Corpus Striatum, Animals, Norepinephrine, Propranolol, Dopamine, Serotonin, Promethazine, Haloperidol, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Methysergide, Cyproheptadine, Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine, Hallucinogens, Enzyme Activation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Adenylyl Cyclases", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"238721\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": null }, { "id": 2855, "title": "Therapeutic usefulness of hallucinogenic drugs as a function of their chemical structure.", "normalized_title": "therapeutic usefulness of hallucinogenic drugs as a function of their chemical structure", "authors": "Fischer R, Goldman H.", "abstract": "D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) displays (1) the phenylethylamine pattern present in mescaline, cyclazocine and catecholamines and (2) the 4-substituted tryptamine structure of psilocybin which is a serotonin analog. Hence (a) Naloxone--a blocker of the LSD-like side effects of cyclazocine--should (and does) block effects of LSD, and (b) cross-tolerance may be present between LSD and cyclazocine but not between mescaline and psilocybin. Even though LSD binds subcortically, its effect on regional perfusion of the brain and, presumably, function is primarily cortical and, since the perfusion shifts evoked by psilocybin are confined to subcortical regions, we assume that other compounds with the phenylethylamine structure such as mescaline, also may selectively affect cortical activity.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1975-06-30", "publication_year": 1975, "doi": "10.1055/s-0028-1094457", "pubmed_id": "1233520", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094457", "keywords": "Brain, Humans, Catecholamines, Mescaline, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Naloxone, Hallucinogens, Mental Disorders, Binding Sites, Structure-Activity Relationship, Chemistry, Chemical Phenomena", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"1233520\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Adverse Events", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1965385908" }, { "id": 5513, "title": "The Psilocybin Mushroom Pandemic", "normalized_title": "the psilocybin mushroom pandemic", "authors": "Steven H. Pollock", "abstract": "(1975). The Psilocybin Mushroom Pandemic. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 7, Polydrug Abuse, pp. 73-84.", "journal": "Journal of Psychedelic Drugs", "publication_date": "1974-12-31", "publication_year": 1974, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.1975.10472640", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1975.10472640", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mushroom, Pandemic, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Mushroom poisoning, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Medicine, Virology, Hallucinogen, Biology, Pharmacology, Food science, Internal medicine, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Outbreak, Disease, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1985883197\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1985883197\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":22,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W37959809\",\"https://openalex.org/W212243276\",\"https://openalex.org/W653808948\",\"https://openalex.org/W1542378620\",\"https://openalex.org/W1581575376\",\"https://openalex.org/W1599064892\",\"https://openalex.org/W1715413321\",\"https://openalex.org/W1869116897\",\"https://openalex.org/W1903260451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966988083\",\"https://openalex.org/W1979128218\",\"https://openalex.org/W1980594996\",\"https://openalex.org/W1986574389\",\"https://openalex.org/W1989430866\",\"https://openalex.org/W1992532922\",\"https://openalex.org/W2012142575\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016549521\",\"https://openalex.org/W2022817119\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033896912\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040778079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055598723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2059524554\",\"https://openalex.org/W2065747895\",\"https://openalex.org/W2068340239\",\"https://openalex.org/W2071061248\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074715304\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074798531\",\"https://openalex.org/W2150289025\",\"https://openalex.org/W2280981705\",\"https://openalex.org/W2294395417\",\"https://openalex.org/W2312491845\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320555377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324223402\",\"https://openalex.org/W2324513630\",\"https://openalex.org/W2327221240\",\"https://openalex.org/W2330482006\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W2415588129\",\"https://openalex.org/W2585110642\",\"https://openalex.org/W2592226713\",\"https://openalex.org/W2606927368\",\"https://openalex.org/W2805375171\",\"https://openalex.org/W2886002172\",\"https://openalex.org/W2994274167\",\"https://openalex.org/W3203764376\",\"https://openalex.org/W3215923793\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234299428\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236173906\",\"https://openalex.org/W4239651568\",\"https://openalex.org/W4250908963\",\"https://openalex.org/W4253393557\",\"https://openalex.org/W4255856597\",\"https://openalex.org/W4285719527\",\"https://openalex.org/W6812926322\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061398678\",\"display_name\":\"Steven H. Pollock\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210221163\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Psychedelic Drugs\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1975.10472640\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1985883197" }, { "id": 2857, "title": "Hallucinogenic indoleamines: Preferential action upon presynaptic serotonin receptors.", "normalized_title": "hallucinogenic indoleamines preferential action upon presynaptic serotonin receptors", "authors": "Aghajanian GK, Hailgler HJ.", "abstract": "Previously, d-lysergic acid diethylamide was found to have a more powerful inhibitory action upon serotonergic (raphe) neurons than upon neurons in areas receiving an identified serotonergic input (e. g., amygdala, ventral lateral geniculate). In the present studies, using microiontophoretic techniques, the relative potencies of 3 indoleamine hallucinogens, psilocin, DMT, and bufotenine were tested upon 5HT neurons in the raphe (presynaptic neurons) and postsynaptic neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate and amygdala of the rat. Psilocin showed the greatest preferential inhibitory effect upon raphe as compared to postsynaptic neurons. DMT was intermdeiate and bufotenine had the least differential activity. This rank ordering correlates with the relative hallucinogenic potencies of these compounds: psilocin greater than DMT greater than bufotenine. The results support the hypothesis that low doses of indoleamine halluciogens act preferentially upon presynaptic serotonin receptors to inhibit raphe neurons, thus releasing postsynaptic neurons from a tonic inhibitory serotonergic influence.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1974-12-31", "publication_year": 1974, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "1063421", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1063421", "keywords": "Synapses, Animals, Rats, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Indoles, Bufotenin, Receptors, Drug, Hallucinogens, Male, In Vitro Techniques, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"1063421\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Receptor Pharmacology,In Vitro Study", "study_type": "In Vitro Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1844018320" }, { "id": 2856, "title": "Adaptive changes in behavior after repeated administration of various psychoactive drugs.", "normalized_title": "adaptive changes in behavior after repeated administration of various psychoactive drugs", "authors": "Rech RH, Tilson HA, Marquis WJ.", "abstract": "Evidence has been presented that d-amphetamine interacts with various types of behavior in the context of a conditioning paradigm. Rats exposed simultaneously to a locomotor activity measurement and three dose levels of d-amphetamine on repeated occasions gradually developed dose-related enhancement of drug-stimulated activity, which persisted after discontinuation of the drug. Rats trained in FR-operant chambers with food reinforcement showed a decrease in the rate of lever pressing after administration of d-amphetamine. Tolerance to this effect required varying numbers of daily drug injections, according to the subject's degree of prior drug experience. In both situations the drug administrations were coupled with the behavioral measure to allow for conditioning effects. In a continuous avoidance procedure the initial dose of d-amphetamine did not enhance response rate, although subsequent doses did produce significant stimulation. Even when the initial doses were administered out of temporal phase with the avoidance measurement, the simultaneous administration of the drug and the behavioral procedure on a subsequent day resulted in a significant drug-induced stimulation of response rate. Thus, in this particular instance, the conditioning influence of the earlier doses was apparent whether or not the drug effect occurred in contiguity with the avoidance measurement. Other reports in the literature (16) suggest that hallucinogenic drug action may be characterized by the peculiar \"pause\" in an FR pattern of responding for food reinforcement. This proposal was substantiated and extended to a number of representative hallucinogenic agents. d-Amphetamine or chlorpormazine reduced the rate of FR responding without provoking an obvious pause. Examination of tolerance and cross-tolerance to the hallucinogenic pause in the FR pattern after LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, DOM, and DMT generally indicated interactions between the drugs, although this was not entirely consistent. It follows that the mechanisms of action of these drugs probably have elements in common, though they are not necessarily identical. In doses as small as 10 mg/kg, cinanserin, a serotonergic receptor-blocking agent, completely reversed the pause in FR pattern induced by the various hallucinogenic drugs.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1974-12-31", "publication_year": 1974, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "1163377", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1163377", "keywords": "Animals, Rats, Dextroamphetamine, Hallucinogens, Psychotropic Drugs, Adaptation, Psychological, Behavior, Animal, Motor Activity, Avoidance Learning, Reinforcement Schedule", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"1163377\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Mechanism of Action,Receptor Pharmacology,Drug Interactions", "study_type": "Clinical Trial", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2413675019" }, { "id": 2858, "title": "Hypersensitivity to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and psilocybin in essential headache.", "normalized_title": "hypersensitivity to lysergic acid diethylamide lsd 25 and psilocybin in essential headache", "authors": "Fanciullacci M, Franchi G, Sicuteri F.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1974-11-30", "publication_year": 1974, "doi": "10.1007/bf01919685", "pubmed_id": "4442544", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01919685", "keywords": "Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Humans, Hallucinations, Headache, Serotonin, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptors, Drug, Emotions, Brain Chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"4442544\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Headache / Migraine,Receptor Pharmacology,Emotional Processing", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2017145453" }, { "id": 5517, "title": "ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE TEONANACATL HALLUCINOGENS PART1, PSILOCYBIN C12H17N2O4O", "normalized_title": "cheminform abstract crystal structures of the teonanacatl hallucinogens part1 psilocybin c12h17n2o4o", "authors": "Hans Peter Weber, Trevor J. Petcher", "abstract": "", "journal": "Chemischer Informationsdienst", "publication_date": "1974-09-02", "publication_year": 1974, "doi": "10.1002/chin.197435062", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197435062", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychiatry, Photoreceptor and optogenetics research, Molecular spectroscopy and chirality, Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W4254910040\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W4254910040\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W2088345763\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109064999\",\"display_name\":\"Hans Peter Weber\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5090014370\",\"display_name\":\"Trevor J. Petcher\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210187579\",\"source_display_name\":\"Chemischer Informationsdienst\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197435062\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4254910040" }, { "id": 2859, "title": "Psilocybin: a pharmacological profile.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin a pharmacological profile", "authors": "Aboul-Enein HY.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1974-04-30", "publication_year": 1974, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": "4853936", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/4853936", "keywords": "Humans, Carbon Radioisotopes, Serotonin, Hallucinogens, Structure-Activity Relationship, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"4853936\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2440357235" }, { "id": 5527, "title": "The effect of bufotenine, melatonin, psilocybin, and related compounds on the 5-hydroxytryptamine excitatory receptors of Helix aspersa neurons", "normalized_title": "the effect of bufotenine melatonin psilocybin and related compounds on the 5 hydroxytryptamine excitatory receptors of helix aspersa neurons", "authors": "Robert Walker, G.N. Woodruff", "abstract": "", "journal": "Comparative and General Pharmacology", "publication_date": "1972-02-29", "publication_year": 1972, "doi": "10.1016/0010-4035(72)90039-0", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4035(72)90039-0", "keywords": "Melatonin, Psilocybin, Receptor, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Biology, Neuroscience, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:08", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2080580866\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2080580866\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":14,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W98296901\",\"https://openalex.org/W285857390\",\"https://openalex.org/W942929487\",\"https://openalex.org/W977234105\",\"https://openalex.org/W1028533727\",\"https://openalex.org/W1964581139\",\"https://openalex.org/W1983625634\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995743206\",\"https://openalex.org/W1995909187\",\"https://openalex.org/W1998428094\",\"https://openalex.org/W2002293088\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007020079\",\"https://openalex.org/W2014700875\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016096876\",\"https://openalex.org/W2029763810\",\"https://openalex.org/W2037035030\",\"https://openalex.org/W2039242552\",\"https://openalex.org/W2043256899\",\"https://openalex.org/W2062458489\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070611987\",\"https://openalex.org/W2070682808\",\"https://openalex.org/W2084183305\",\"https://openalex.org/W2153662825\",\"https://openalex.org/W2162552498\",\"https://openalex.org/W2287639566\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320413839\",\"https://openalex.org/W2409694833\",\"https://openalex.org/W2412505699\",\"https://openalex.org/W2418778458\",\"https://openalex.org/W2433518622\",\"https://openalex.org/W2488958037\",\"https://openalex.org/W4214831002\",\"https://openalex.org/W4252777872\",\"https://openalex.org/W6603949695\",\"https://openalex.org/W6624845514\",\"https://openalex.org/W6625715939\",\"https://openalex.org/W6641203228\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654019441\",\"https://openalex.org/W6654359355\",\"https://openalex.org/W6660110131\",\"https://openalex.org/W6667989020\",\"https://openalex.org/W6668241277\",\"https://openalex.org/W6682832467\",\"https://openalex.org/W6717634067\",\"https://openalex.org/W7052468405\",\"https://openalex.org/W7073965949\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5031692281\",\"display_name\":\"Robert Walker\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-0956\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112417240\",\"display_name\":\"G.N. Woodruff\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S133809855\",\"source_display_name\":\"Comparative and General Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4035(72)90039-0\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Neuroplasticity,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2080580866" }, { "id": 5538, "title": "Microcrystalloptic tests for lysergic acid diethylamide and other hallucinogens", "normalized_title": "microcrystalloptic tests for lysergic acid diethylamide and other hallucinogens", "authors": "K. Genest, Lorna J. Lowry", "abstract": "Abstract Microcrystallopic tests for LSD, NN-diethyltryptamine, NN-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenine, psilocin, psilocybin and STP are described. The tests are recommended in conjunction with other analytical techniques if applied for the forensic identification of hallucingens.", "journal": "Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology", "publication_date": "1970-10-31", "publication_year": 1970, "doi": "10.1111/j.2042-7158.1970.tb08449.x", "pubmed_id": "4395800", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1970.tb08449.x", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Lysergic acid, Identification (biology), Psychology, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Psychiatry, Biology, Serotonin, Biochemistry, Receptor, Botany, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2048153341\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2048153341\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":8,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":2,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1968769446\",\"https://openalex.org/W1977203838\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007124928\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007361070\",\"https://openalex.org/W2007547872\",\"https://openalex.org/W2020642629\",\"https://openalex.org/W2033368135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055542807\",\"https://openalex.org/W2318509057\",\"https://openalex.org/W4233366860\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076255158\",\"display_name\":\"K. Genest\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5089501808\",\"display_name\":\"Lorna J. Lowry\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S118304455\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1970.tb08449.x\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2048153341" }, { "id": 5539, "title": "PsilocybinおよびLSDの精神身体症状におよぼす影響-1-LSDに就て", "normalized_title": "psilocybinおよびlsdの精神身体症状におよぼす影響 1 lsdに就て", "authors": "五郎 中村", "abstract": "", "journal": "新潟医学会雑誌", "publication_date": "1970-07-31", "publication_year": 1970, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40018192360", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Chemistry, Psychology, Psychiatry, Serotonin, Receptor, Biochemistry, Military Technology and Strategies, Legal and Regulatory Analysis, Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W368518071\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W368518071\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":0,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5043724942\",\"display_name\":\"五郎 中村\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4306550088\",\"source_display_name\":\"新潟医学会雑誌\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40018192360\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W368518071" }, { "id": 5541, "title": "Psilocybin-Induced Transformations of Visual Space", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced transformations of visual space", "authors": "Richard Hill, Roland A. Fischer", "abstract": "Using apparent fronto-parallel plane (AFP) monitoring techniques, the relative stability of the abathic plane, i.e., Euclidean visual space, was investigated in 16 volunteers with a median age of 23.5 years under 160 µg/kg psilocybin-induced ergotropic arousal. Handwriting area and pressure were also measured in the same subjects. Drug-induced contraction of nearby visual space was inferred from changes of AFP curvature and tilt, as well as from increased handwriting area at drug peak. The “rising horizon” ( Rennert ) in the drawings of schizophrenics is also considered a manifestation of the concentration of visual space and is described in terms of an arousal-dependent transformation of constancies. * Division of Behavioral and Neurobiological Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung einer Methodik, welche auf der Bestimmung der phänomenalen frontoparallelen Ebene (PFE) beruht, wurden die psilocybininduzierten und durch ergotrope Erregung hervorgerufenen Veränderungen der abathischen Ebene, d. h. des Euklidischen Sehraumes - bei 16 freiwilligen Versuchspersonen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 23,5 Jahren -, untersucht. Bei denselben Versuchspersonen wurden auch Schriftoberfläche und Druck - mit und ohne Droge - gemessen. Veränderungen in der Krümmung und Neigung der PFE sowie auch die Vergrößerung der Schriftoberfläche während des Höhepunktes der Drogenwirkung lassen auf eine drogeninduzierte Schrumpfung (Verkürzung) des nahen Sehraumes schließen. Die vertikale Blickwinkelverschiebung (Hochwandern des Horizontes), welche von Rennert in den Zeichnungen akuter Schizophrenen beobachtet wurde, scheint ebenfalls eine Manifestation der Verkürzung des nahen Sehraumes zu sein und wird als ein Beispiel der ergotropen erregungsbedingten Transformation von Raumkonstanzen betrachtet.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "1970-06-30", "publication_year": 1970, "doi": "10.1055/s-0028-1094281", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094281", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Space (punctuation), Neuroscience, Computer science, Psychiatry, Operating system, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W1996705795\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W1996705795\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":6,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003689747\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Hill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-1486\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5037112345\",\"display_name\":\"Roland A. Fischer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-5286\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094281\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1996705795" }, { "id": 5542, "title": "The occurrence of the psychotomimetic agent psilocybin in an Australian agaric, Psilocybe subaeruginosa", "normalized_title": "the occurrence of the psychotomimetic agent psilocybin in an australian agaric psilocybe subaeruginosa", "authors": "J. PICKER, R. W. RICKARDS", "abstract": "The psychotomimetic agents psilocybinl~2 (1)", "journal": "Australian Journal of Chemistry", "publication_date": "1970-03-31", "publication_year": 1970, "doi": "10.1071/ch9700853", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1071/ch9700853", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychotomimetic, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Psychology, Psychiatry, Biochemistry, Receptor, NMDA receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2333398807\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2333398807\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":11,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":16,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5035043056\",\"display_name\":\"J. PICKER\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057640866\",\"display_name\":\"R. W. RICKARDS\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S91238560\",\"source_display_name\":\"Australian Journal of Chemistry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1071/ch9700853\",\"is_oa\":true}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2333398807" }, { "id": 5545, "title": "Hypnotic Induction of the Interference of Psilocybin with Optically Induced Spatial Distortion", "normalized_title": "hypnotic induction of the interference of psilocybin with optically induced spatial distortion", "authors": "Peter Gwynne, Roland Fischer, Richard Hill", "abstract": "The influence of personality structure on the stability of perceptual performance, specifically the degree of reproducibility under hypnotic induction of the psilocybinproduced lowering of spatial distortion thresholds, was investigated in two “variable” and two “stable” psilocybin reactors, that is, subjects who displayed variable and stable MMPI profiles under both control conditions and the influence of 160-200 µg/kg psilocybin. The results indicate that degree of stability in perceptual performance is a personality invariant with or without drug and also during the hypnotically-induced psilocybin experience. Moreover, susceptibility to hypnotic induction and ability to replicate exactly the hypnotically induced perceptual task are unrelated. Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der Persönlichkeitsstruktur auf die Stabilität der Wahrnehmungsleistung - im besonderen die hypnotisch-induzierte Reproduzierbarkeit der durch Psilocybin hervorgerufenen Erniedrigung des Raum-Verbiegungsschwellenwertes - wurde bei variablen und stabilen Vpn., d. h. bei solchen, die ohne Droge oder aber auch unter Psilocybineinwirkung variable und stabile Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-Profile aufweisen, untersucht. Die Resultate zeigen, daß die Stabilität der Wahrnehmungsleistung unter allen Bedingungen, d. h. unter Drogeneinwirkung, ohne Droge sowie auch während des hypnotisch induzierten Drogen-Experimentes, durch die Persönlichkeitsstruktur bedingt ist. Hypnotisierbarkeit und die Fähigkeit unter Hypnose einen Wahrnehmungstest exakt durchzuführen, sind zwei voneinander unabhängige Phänomene.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "1969-10-31", "publication_year": 1969, "doi": "10.1055/s-0028-1094250", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094250", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Interference (communication), Distortion (music), Hypnotic, Psychology, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Medicine, Pharmacology, Computer science, Telecommunications, Channel (broadcasting), Bandwidth (computing), Amplifier, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2023363612\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2023363612\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":8,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5057899599\",\"display_name\":\"Peter Gwynne\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5072753215\",\"display_name\":\"Roland Fischer\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-1215\"},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5003689747\",\"display_name\":\"Richard Hill\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-1486\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094250\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2023363612" }, { "id": 5548, "title": "Alteration of a learned response of the squirrel monkey by hallucinogens", "normalized_title": "alteration of a learned response of the squirrel monkey by hallucinogens", "authors": "Edward T. Uyeno", "abstract": "", "journal": "International Journal of Neuropharmacology", "publication_date": "1969-04-30", "publication_year": 1969, "doi": "10.1016/0028-3908(69)90045-8", "pubmed_id": "4978723", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(69)90045-8", "keywords": "Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Amphetamine, Pharmacology, Squirrel monkey, Psychology, Medicine, Neuroscience, Dopamine, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093793657\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2093793657\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":17,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1972426655\",\"https://openalex.org/W1973549875\",\"https://openalex.org/W1976702307\",\"https://openalex.org/W1984708862\",\"https://openalex.org/W2008573711\",\"https://openalex.org/W2016078401\",\"https://openalex.org/W2040034137\",\"https://openalex.org/W2045411897\",\"https://openalex.org/W2055598723\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061627124\",\"https://openalex.org/W2077147279\",\"https://openalex.org/W2331572889\",\"https://openalex.org/W2396783373\",\"https://openalex.org/W2401188729\",\"https://openalex.org/W6656661550\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5110088008\",\"display_name\":\"Edward T. Uyeno\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210172772\",\"source_display_name\":\"International Journal of Neuropharmacology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(69)90045-8\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2093793657" }, { "id": 5554, "title": "Psilocybin-induced Autonomic, Perceptual, and Behavioral Change", "normalized_title": "psilocybin induced autonomic perceptual and behavioral change", "authors": "R Fischer, Diana Warshay", "abstract": "Autonomic, perceptual, and behavioral changes induced by 160 µg/kg psilocybin were studied in a homogenous sample of 15 self-selected College educated male and female volunteers. The subjects were rank ordered as to the extent of drug-induced psychopathology using their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory pre-drug to drug peak differences scores. Extent of variability on simple perceptual tasks - in gustation and vision - is significantly related to extent of drug-induced psychopathology, whereas drug-induced pupil-size increase - a reliable autonomic variable - is unrelated to drug-induced psychopathology, which, in our terminology, is equated with a subject's symbolic interpretation of his own central nervous System activity. Zusammenfassung Nach Psilocybin kommt es zu Veränderungen der vegetativen Funktionen, der Wahrnehmungsfunktionen sowie zu psychopathologischen Auffälligkeiten. Bei 15 männlichen und weiblichen Freiwilligen (Studenten) wurden die Wirkungen von 116 µg/kg Psilocybin (oral) untersucht. Die Intensität der psychopathologischen Veränderungen wurde für jede Versuchsperson dadurch charakterisiert, daß aus Befunden mit dem Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) vor und nach Psilocybin-Applikation ein Differenzwert gebildet wurde. Nach der Größe der Differenzwerte wurde für die Versuchsperson eine Reaktivitäts-Rangreihe aufgestellt. Unabhängig davon wurde außerdem in Versuchen ohne Psilocybin die individuelle Reagibilität der einzelnen Versuchspersonen bestimmt. Das geschah durch die Bestimmung der Retest-Variabilität in Versuchsanordnungen, die Leistungen der visuellen Wahrnehmung und der Geschmacks Wahrnehmung erfassen. Die Größe der Retest-Variabilität korreliert signifikant mit der Intensität der durch Psilocybin hervorgerufenen psychopathologischen Veränderungen. Als Indikator für die Reagibilität des vegetativen Systems wurde schließlich noch die durch Psilocybin hervorgerufene Pupillenerweiterung registriert. Zwischen dieser, den Funktionszustand des vegetativen Systems zuverlässig charakterisierenden Größe und der Intensität der vom Psilocybin hervorgerufenen psychischen Veränderungen bestehen keine Beziehungen. In unserer Terminologie stellt das Ausmaß der psychopathologischen Veränderungen durch Psilocybin das Symbol für die interpretierende Aktivität des zentralen Nervensystems dar.", "journal": "Pharmacopsychiatry", "publication_date": "1968-10-31", "publication_year": 1968, "doi": "10.1055/s-0028-1094227", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094227", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Perception, Neuroscience, Hallucinogen, Cognitive psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2047529423\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2047529423\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":11,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5030542283\",\"display_name\":\"R Fischer\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5033436520\",\"display_name\":\"Diana Warshay\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4122505\",\"source_display_name\":\"Pharmacopsychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094227\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Depression,Anxiety,Receptor Pharmacology,Personality Change", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2047529423" }, { "id": 5553, "title": "Behavioural Effects of some Morphine Antagonists and Hallucinogens in the Rat", "normalized_title": "behavioural effects of some morphine antagonists and hallucinogens in the rat", "authors": "C Schneider", "abstract": "", "journal": "Nature", "publication_date": "1968-10-31", "publication_year": 1968, "doi": "10.1038/220586a0", "pubmed_id": "5686733", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/220586a0", "keywords": "Mescaline, Hallucinogen, Psilocybin, Nalorphine, Phencyclidine, Morphine, Atropine, Pharmacology, Scopolamine, Ketamine, Codeine, Psychology, Anesthesia, Medicine, (+)-Naloxone, Internal medicine, Opioid, NMDA receptor, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2061257044\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2061257044\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":2,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":58,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1974195654\",\"https://openalex.org/W2058627275\",\"https://openalex.org/W2090098710\",\"https://openalex.org/W2263503507\",\"https://openalex.org/W2263624231\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5112782654\",\"display_name\":\"C Schneider\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S137773608\",\"source_display_name\":\"Nature\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/220586a0\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Addiction,Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2061257044" }, { "id": 5567, "title": "Dynamics of Psychedelic Drug Abuse", "normalized_title": "dynamics of psychedelic drug abuse", "authors": "Malcolm B. Bowers", "abstract": "THE PUBLIC has become aware of the increasing use of the major psychedelic substances (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], peyote, psilocybin, morning glory seeds) by certain individuals outside the contexts of supervised therapy and research.1,2Several excellent clinical studies have firmly documented the hazards of this Practice.4,5At a time when the scientific community has been gathering information necessary for regulating the traffic of these substances, the phenomenon itself has to some degree been put aside. Nevertheless, the use of Psychedelic substances by these individuals and groups poses a number of interesting theoretical questions. We emphasize at the outset our assumption that the unsupervised use of psychedelic substances and their effects are complex phenomena with a wide variety of personal and social determinants. Although a certain number of these individuals come to psychiatric attention as a direct result of their use of", "journal": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "publication_date": "1967-04-30", "publication_year": 1967, "doi": "10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730230044006", "pubmed_id": "5337259", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730230044006", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Aside, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psychology, Glory, Psychiatry, Phenomenon, Variety (cybernetics), Hallucinogen, Psychotherapist, Medicine, Epistemology, Computer science, Art, Philosophy, Serotonin, Internal medicine, Physics, Artificial intelligence, Literature, Optics, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2123991341\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2123991341\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":5,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":22,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W119501703\",\"https://openalex.org/W1966555802\",\"https://openalex.org/W2021488396\",\"https://openalex.org/W2027585755\",\"https://openalex.org/W2074225517\",\"https://openalex.org/W2080569576\",\"https://openalex.org/W2334528135\",\"https://openalex.org/W2335042732\",\"https://openalex.org/W2439261208\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5109443217\",\"display_name\":\"Malcolm B. Bowers\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S126359496\",\"source_display_name\":\"Archives of General Psychiatry\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730230044006\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Toxicity", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2123991341" }, { "id": 2898, "title": "Psilocybin: reaction with a fraction of rat brain.", "normalized_title": "psilocybin reaction with a fraction of rat brain", "authors": "Gilmour LP, O'Brien RD.", "abstract": "Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, formed a blue color with a subfraction of rat-brain mitochondria believed to contain nerve-ending particles. Color formation increased with pH, did not require oxygen, and involved a component that could not be solubilized. The effect was not shown by chemically related neuroactive compounds, such as bufotenine and serotonin, and was antagonized by only tyramine or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1966-12-31", "publication_year": 1966, "doi": "10.1126/science.155.3759.207", "pubmed_id": "4959075", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3759.207", "keywords": "Mitochondria, Animals, Rats, Serotonin, Tyramine, Edetic Acid, Hallucinogens, Brain Chemistry, Chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Chemical Phenomena, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"4959075\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Mitochondrial Function,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1988652549" }, { "id": 5573, "title": "Botanical and Chemical Characterisation of a Forensic Mushroom Specimen of the Genus Psilocybe", "normalized_title": "botanical and chemical characterisation of a forensic mushroom specimen of the genus psilocybe", "authors": "Richard R. Heim, K. Genest, Donald W. Hughes, G. Belec", "abstract": "", "journal": "Journal of the Forensic Science Society", "publication_date": "1966-06-30", "publication_year": 1966, "doi": "10.1016/s0015-7368(66)70336-3", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(66)70336-3", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Mushroom, Genus, Psychotomimetic, Agaricales, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Hallucinogen, Taxonomy (biology), Biochemistry, Pharmacology, NMDA receptor, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2022817119\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2022817119\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":4,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"metadata:psilocybin\",\"contextual-mushroom-match\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":26,\"referenced_works\":[\"https://openalex.org/W1903260451\",\"https://openalex.org/W1971413840\",\"https://openalex.org/W2057174717\",\"https://openalex.org/W2061740689\",\"https://openalex.org/W2144176648\",\"https://openalex.org/W2276699906\",\"https://openalex.org/W2320555377\",\"https://openalex.org/W2345175343\",\"https://openalex.org/W2398867243\",\"https://openalex.org/W4205624089\",\"https://openalex.org/W4234749775\",\"https://openalex.org/W4236373919\"],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5061904843\",\"display_name\":\"Richard R. Heim\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5076255158\",\"display_name\":\"K. Genest\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5042124850\",\"display_name\":\"Donald W. Hughes\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5001521772\",\"display_name\":\"G. Belec\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210207765\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal of the Forensic Science Society\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(66)70336-3\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Pharmacology,Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2022817119" }, { "id": 2125, "title": "Psilocin: effects on behaviour and brain serotonin in mice.", "normalized_title": "psilocin effects on behaviour and brain serotonin in mice", "authors": "Collins RL, Ordy JM, Samorajski T.", "abstract": "", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1966-01-31", "publication_year": 1966, "doi": "10.1038/209785a0", "pubmed_id": "5922147", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/209785a0", "keywords": "Animals, Mice, Tryptamines, Serotonin, Reserpine, Hallucinogens, Behavior, Animal, Avoidance Learning, Brain Chemistry, Female", "substance_tags": "psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:52:05", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"5922147\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Animal Study", "study_type": "Animal Study", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1988081587" }, { "id": 5574, "title": "Drugs and phantasy: the effects of LSD, psilocybin, and sernyl on college students", "normalized_title": "drugs and phantasy the effects of lsd psilocybin and sernyl on college students", "authors": "John C. Pollard, Leonard Uhr, Elizabeth Stein", "abstract": "", "journal": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "publication_date": "1964-12-31", "publication_year": 1964, "doi": null, "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA15610290", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Psychology, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Hallucinogen, Social psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Serotonin, Receptor, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W634941344\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W634941344\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":6,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":9,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5075345178\",\"display_name\":\"John C. Pollard\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5113716511\",\"display_name\":\"Leonard Uhr\",\"orcid\":null},{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5054131155\",\"display_name\":\"Elizabeth Stein\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-3821\"}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S4210197683\",\"source_display_name\":\"Medical Entomology and Zoology\",\"landing_page_url\":\"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA15610290\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W634941344" }, { "id": 5588, "title": "A Working Paper: Memo on the Religious Implications of the Consciousness-Changing Drugs (LSD, Mescalin, Psilocybin)", "normalized_title": "a working paper memo on the religious implications of the consciousness changing drugs lsd mescalin psilocybin", "authors": "Joseph Havens", "abstract": "Joseph Havens, A Working Paper: Memo on the Religious Implications of the Consciousness-Changing Drugs (LSD, Mescalin, Psilocybin), Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Spring, 1964), pp. 216-226", "journal": "Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion", "publication_date": "1963-12-31", "publication_year": 1963, "doi": "10.2307/1384511", "pubmed_id": null, "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1384511", "keywords": "Psilocybin, Consciousness, Hallucinogen, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Sociology, Psychology, Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Receptor, Serotonin, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, Media, Religion, Digital Communication, Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices", "substance_tags": "psilocybin", "source_name": "OpenAlex", "date_added": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "last_checked": "2026-07-04 06:52:09", "raw_json": "{\"openalex_id\":\"https://openalex.org/W2320330123\",\"openalex_url\":\"https://openalex.org/W2320330123\",\"openalex_relevance_score\":9,\"openalex_relevance_reasons\":[\"title:psilocybin\",\"abstract:psilocybin\",\"metadata:psilocybin\"],\"openalex_type\":\"article\",\"openalex_work_type\":null,\"cited_by_count\":5,\"referenced_works\":[],\"authorships\":[{\"id\":\"https://openalex.org/A5082745709\",\"display_name\":\"Joseph Havens\",\"orcid\":null}],\"primary_location\":{\"source_id\":\"https://openalex.org/S207420867\",\"source_display_name\":\"Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion\",\"landing_page_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.2307/1384511\",\"is_oa\":false}}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology,Consciousness,Spirituality", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": null, "merged_into_id": null, "curation_locked": 0, "publication_status": "published", "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2320330123" }, { "id": 2940, "title": "Serotonin-like and antiserotonin properties of psilocybin and psilocin.", "normalized_title": "serotonin like and antiserotonin properties of psilocybin and psilocin", "authors": "WOOLLEY DW, CAMPBELL NK.", "abstract": "These psychotomimetic analogs of serotonin act like this hormone in some tests and against it in others.", "journal": null, "publication_date": "1962-05-31", "publication_year": 1962, "doi": "10.1126/science.136.3518.777", "pubmed_id": "14008293", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.136.3518.777", "keywords": "Serotonin, Indoles, Serotonin Antagonists, Antihypertensive Agents, Psilocybin", "substance_tags": "psilocybin,psilocin", "source_name": "Europe PMC", "date_added": "2026-07-01 06:54:15", "last_checked": "2026-07-01 11:22:07", "raw_json": "{\"europe_pmc_id\":\"14008293\",\"source\":\"MED\",\"pub_type\":null,\"publisher\":null,\"importer\":\"Europe PMC\"}", "topic_tags": "Receptor Pharmacology", "study_type": "Other", "hidden": 0, "false_positive": 0, "curation_notes": 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