Exploring the first use of psychedelic macrodoses in Latin American adults: Sociodemographic profiles, consumption factors, and subjective experiences

Abstract This study explores the first-time use of psychedelic macrodoses among Latin American adults, addressing a gap in the literature regarding naturalistic use outside clinical settings. A total of 4,810 participants from six Latin American countries completed an online survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, substances used, consumption contexts, motivations, and subjective experiences during their first psychedelic experience. The most frequently reported substances were psilocybin mushrooms (57.6%), LSD (33.3%), and MDMA (17.5%). Recreational purposes were most common (70.5%), followed by spiritual (21.6%) and therapeutic (5.2%) motivations. Most participants consumed psychedelics in social settings, particularly with friends (65.7%), while 9.1% consumed them alone. Significant associations were found between demographic variables, the types of substances used, and specific subjective experiences. Psilocybin was linked to introspection and well-being, ayahuasca to mystical states, and MDMA, to heightened empathy. Familiar environments were associated with more positive experiences, reinforcing the importance of set and setting. Although 86.3% of participants reported continued use, the most common reason for not repeating the experience was lack of opportunity, rather than negative outcomes. These findings offer critical insights into the early stages of contemporary, non-clinical psychedelic use in Latin America, informing harm reduction, public health policies, and culturally sensitive educational initiatives.