Psilocybe cubensis y Panaeolus cyanescens (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), dos especies de hongos alucinógenos en el NE de Argentina

Background and aims: Certain species of fungi can induce hallucinations due to compounds like psilocybin, and many studies have explored their potential as treatments for various conditions. This work aims to describe and illustrate two species of hallucinogenic fungi from northeastern Argentina (NEA): Panaeolus cyanescens and Psilocybe cubensis. M&M: The specimens were collected in the provinces of Corrientes, Chaco, Misiones, and Formosa. They were photographed and dehydrated for inclusion in the CTES Herbarium. Taxonomic identification involved analyzing macro- and micromorphological characteristics following traditional criteria. Results: Panaeolus cyanescens has a grayish-white cap, citriform to subglobose basidiospores, and metuloid pleurocystidia that are brown-golden in KOH. In contrast, Psilocybe. cubensis has an orange-grayish cap, hexagonal basidiospores, and fusiform pleurocystidia. Both species exhibit a coprophilous habit and can turn bluishgreen to the touch. This work marks the first description of Panaeolus cyanescens in Argentina. Discussion and Conclusions: The distribution of both species is linked to livestock activity, highlighting the impact of human practices on natural ecosystems and biodiversity. Two species of psychotropic fungi were recorded in the NEA, and their recognition is significant, as the psilocybin they contain may have potential applications in future scientific research.