Psilocybin and psilocin research trends
Explore how the 5,119 visible records in this index are distributed by recorded year, publication status, retained source and study type. These tables measure this bibliographic corpus, not the entire research field or treatment effectiveness.
Analysis reflects the current stored index and is refreshed when its bibliographic records change. The current calendar year (2026) is incomplete, and indexing delays also affect recent years. Records with future dates are shown explicitly where present.
Methods and interpretation: Dr. Christopher B. Germann · Dataset, download and reproduction guide.
Watch Research in motion: a 28-second visual introduction to source groups and recorded years, frozen on 11 October 2026.
For a frozen, independently reproducible analysis, read the October 2026 research brief with record-level analytical data, tables and checksums.
Research records by year and evidence status
Year comes from the stored publication or registry date. For a trial registration it is not necessarily the study start, completion or results-publication year. “Published” is the database's formal-publication label; it is not an independent peer-review audit. “Other” includes reviews, protocols and any uncategorized status.
| Year | All records | Published | Preprints | Trial registrations | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 (partial year) | 1,031 | 766 | 95 | 169 | 1 |
| 2025 | 886 | 736 | 96 | 54 | 0 |
| 2024 | 653 | 541 | 80 | 32 | 0 |
| 2023 | 550 | 453 | 72 | 25 | 0 |
| 2022 | 423 | 368 | 44 | 11 | 0 |
| 2021 | 304 | 252 | 45 | 7 | 0 |
| 2020 | 170 | 149 | 15 | 4 | 2 |
| 2019 | 114 | 107 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| 2018 | 106 | 100 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| 2017 | 73 | 71 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2016 | 65 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | 39 | 38 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2013 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2011 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2008 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1999 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1997 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1996 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1995 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1994 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1992 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1991 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1990 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1989 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1988 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1987 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1986 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1985 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1984 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1983 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1982 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1981 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1980 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1979 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1978 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1977 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1976 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1975 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1974 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1973 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1972 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1971 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1970 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1969 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1968 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1967 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1966 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1965 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1964 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1963 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1962 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1961 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1960 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1959 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1958 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Use the year links to inspect and export the underlying records. Compare completed calendar years, separate registrations and preprints, and account for backfills or curation before interpreting a change as research growth.
Source composition and identifier completeness
4,375 records (85.5%) have a DOI; 2,997 (58.5%) have a PubMed identifier. These groups overlap and must not be added. A missing DOI does not imply poor study quality; many registry records use an NCT identifier instead.
| Source | Records | Share of visible corpus |
|---|---|---|
| PubMed | 2,585 | 50.5% |
| OpenAlex | 1,186 | 23.2% |
| Crossref | 428 | 8.4% |
| ClinicalTrials.gov | 309 | 6.0% |
| Europe PMC | 249 | 4.9% |
| PsyArXiv | 189 | 3.7% |
| bioRxiv | 129 | 2.5% |
| medRxiv | 44 | 0.9% |
Source shares describe the retained primary label, not acquisition yield or exclusive database coverage. The same work may exist in several upstream databases. OpenAlex enrichment can add identifiers or citation context while preserving a different primary source.
Study designs in the indexed literature
Study-type classifications are discovery aids derived from source metadata and screening rules. They do not evaluate bias, sample size, replication or certainty of evidence. Unclassified records are absent from this table.
| Study type | Records |
|---|---|
| Other | 2,223 |
| Clinical Trial | 986 |
| Review Article | 484 |
| Animal Study | 347 |
| Observational Study | 338 |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | 307 |
| Systematic Review | 162 |
| Qualitative Study | 90 |
| Meta-Analysis | 79 |
| Case Report | 62 |
| In Vitro Study | 41 |
Use the topic and study-type evidence map for indication-specific discovery. Use the clinical-trial tracker and recruiting-trial collection for registry status rather than inferring recruitment from a publication year.
Reproduce and interpret this analysis
Tables use visible records only: hidden and false-positive records are excluded. Each record contributes once to its stored year and status. Unknown years are counted separately. Deduplication reduces duplicate manifestations but does not guarantee that every row represents an independent study; protocols, preprints and reports can describe related work.
Download the public SQLite core and run the SQL in the dataset guide, or use the R bibliometrics toolkit. Retain the download date and file checksum. Counts can change retrospectively when older records are added or duplicates are reconciled. The fixed Zenodo v1.0.6 snapshot has a different, immutable record set.
For source selection and correction procedures see the editorial policy. For record relationships explore the citation network and author directory. These descriptive counts cannot establish clinical efficacy, safety or scientific consensus.
For a source-linked example of a research trajectory, read the psilocybin–telomere hypothesis and its MSCA research context, available in 20 languages. It separates a hypothesis, independent preclinical experiments and public discussion; citation counts alone cannot establish scientific validity.
From research counts to study findings
Publication counts describe this corpus. To examine outcomes and limitations, read the selected primary-report comparisons:
- Psilocybin depression research: findings and limitations
- Psilocybin alcohol use disorder research: findings and limitations
- Psilocybin cancer-related anxiety research: findings and limitations
- Psilocybin smoking cessation research: findings and limitations
These are selected educational comparisons, not exhaustive systematic reviews. Use the research reading checklist to evaluate study design and source status.